v.. ^ ^ Ic^ t ^ C fx^ 5?' '- ^-^ ♦ Maliseet Vocabulary BY MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY WILLIAM F. GANONG, Ph. D. Professor of Botany at Smith College FOR SALE BY HARVARD COOPERATIVE SOCIETY CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 1899 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 5 Preface Introduction lo Alphabet i; Vocabulary; — Persons , i8 Parts of the Body 19 Relationships 22 Government and Social Organization .... 26 Religion 28 Dress and Ornaments 28 Dwellings 29 Implements and Utensils 30 Food 32 Mammals 32 Birds 34 Fish 37 ■^--Reptiles 38 Insects 39 Parts of Animals 40 Trees and Shrubs 42 Physical Phenomena and Objects 46 Colors 49 Cardinal Numbers 49 Ordinal Numbers 52 Numeral Adverbs 53 Multiplicatives 54 Distributives 54 Measures 55 Divisions of Time 56 Place Names 38 Words of Recent Origin 61 Pronouns . 65 Phrases and Sentences. — First Series 67 Second Series 84 The Verb, To Love go How THE Bear Gens Began : A Maliseet Tradition . . 93 PREFACE. THE Maliseets have not a written language, nor have I been able to obtain any evidence that they ever used characters or symbols of any sort — neither letters nor hieroglyphics — for the representation of words. A few samples of their picture writing have been discovered, but these are extremely crude and simple and do not suggest any systematic methods for the conveyance of ideas. Nor was the so-called " reading" of wampum belts, that we have heard about, the rehearsal of a story told by characters on the belt. That was simply the recital of an oral tradition which depended upon the " reader's " memory for its accuracy. A few simple emblems, such as the insignia of the contracting tribes or clasped hands, signifying friendship, were worked into the belts in white beads, but there were not any symbols that represented sounds. These people having no alphabet, it was necessary when writing their language to invent an alphabet or, to be more exact, to arrange the Roman-English characters in a suitable system ; for in English these characters are used to represent different sounds, but when writing an unwritten language each character must represent one sound only, and each sound must be repre- sented invariably by the same character. I found no difficulty, however, in representing the sounds which occur in Maliseet by these familiar symbols with the aid of a few diacritical marks, and by giving to the vowels their " continental " values. In writing the present work I have changed my alphabet somewhat to make it conform more closely to that adopted by the Bureau of Ethnol- ogy of the Smithsonian Institution, Thus far in my study of Maliseet I have been able to distin- guish twenty-nine sounds only, though it is probable that others will be revealed by a closer familiarity with the language. The complexity of some sounds and the indistinctness with which others are pronounced by the Indians make the task of determin- ing their quality somewhat difficult. Most of their sounds occur in our English speech, but I have not detected any that corre- spond with our /, r or v, and though the surds / and / are in frequent use I have not detected the sonant mutes b, d and ^. I am aware that these mutes have been used by the map-makers when representing the so-called Indian names, as in Wagan, for an example, but my Indian interpreters told me that was wrong and pronounced the word Wa'-kun, As this terminal occurs in numerous words, I had ample opportunity to verify the spelling. One queer sound for which we have no equivalent is a spirant that is generally used as a terminal and is fairly well represented by w. It occurs in Wulastukw. In adopting an English word in which an r occurs that sound is changed to /.• thus Mary becomes Mali^ and Catherine appears as Katlin. Also, our f is displaced by /, and Francis then becomes Plansue. Nasal sounds occur but sparsely. Vowels are freely used, but the favorite consonants are repeated with such frequency and in such large and awkward clusters as to make the written language appear almost appalling to the novice. This effect is heightened by the extreme length of many of the words. Such combinations as tchukwuluskw, kuskwitaukwts, and kwaskw- onakskw are not attractive to the English eye ; and these are not extreme examples, for words of twenty and even thirty syllables may be encountered. Yet these consonantic clusters are more easily mastered than seems possible at first sight. A greater difficulty is encountered in the effort to acquire that slurring and drawling of the syllables which lends a musical quality to the Maliseet speech, and which, aided by soft, sweet voices, makes their spoken language peculiarly pleasant to the ear. In common with all the North American languages, Maliseet belongs to that philological group to which has been applied the term holophrastic, a Greek compound which means that a phrase or an entire sentence is comprehended in a single word. The Indian mind revels in synthetic methods, and aims to compress jnto one word both object and action as well as all that relates to ^he object or modifies the action. As the verbs form the base of these holophrastic words, they play a most importan; part in the grammatical structure of the language. Besides the verbs proper, other parts of speech, adverbs, nouns, adjectives and prepositions, are sometimes made to play the part of verbs. The verbs are never or rarely used in an abstract form — separated from inflectional particles — and for this reason it is difficult to obtain equivalents for our Knglish verbs, though an Indian interpreter is likely, as a rule, to prove quite expert in coining equivalents to meet a white man's demand for these words. There is no equivalent in Maliseet for the English verb " to be," though there are many words signifying the manner of being. The verbs are inflected for mood as well as for tense. Nouns are divided into two classes, which have been named animate and inanimate (some writers have applied the terms " noble " and " ignoble " gender to these groups), but the Maliseet definition of animate differs from that laid down by Webster. To the Indian a tree is animate while growing, but inanimate when it is cut down or uprooted. A hill covered with vegetation is classed with the animate, but a hill of bare rock is placed in the other class, because, they say, it does not possess or sustain life. The distinctions of these classes are manifested in the changes made to express plural numbers and are applied not only to the nouns but equally to the adjectives and pronouns related to them. Besides the final sound which is added to the singular form of a noun to denote the plural, other sounds are usually added, placed between the singular terminal and the plural suffix. The sole object of these auxiliary sounds is to produce phonetic harmony. A dual number is used also, but this affects the pro- nouns alone. The Maliseet does not use a particle to denote the possessive case, but indicates possession by the use of pronouns : — thus " John's hat " is expressed by "John, his hat." The demonstrative pronouns are used in a separated form, but the personal pronouns are usually incorporated with a noun. Indeed this latter rule is so invariably followed that I found great difficulty in obtaining the names of the different parts of the body without these incorporated pronouns. The augmentative of nouns is formed by the prefix k'tchi — as k'fchi-ki'-sos, the long moon, k'tchi-hvis'-pam, the large lake. The diminutive is formed by the suffix sis — as sip'-sis, a small bird, skwn'-sis, a young girl. Other peculiarities of structure will be observed in the lists of phrases and sentences in the Vocabulary. 'I"he En};lish phrasej of the " First Series " were copied from the guide issued by the Smithsonian Institution, and were compiled expressly to obtain the necessary data for determining grammatical rules. In their speech the Maliseets have a habit of using shortened forms of many words, much as we contract will not to won't and cannot to can't. Proper names as well as other words are subject to this " short way of speaking," as they call it. An extreme example is found in Sapatis, a typical Wapanaki name, which is an abbreviation of Husawis I'atista — their equivalent for John the Baptist. Husawis, the Wapanaki for John, is usually shortened to " Husa " or " Sa," and Sapatis is merely the latter abbreviation joined to the first two syllables of Patista. We find this name spelled also Sebatis and Sebattus. The advent of the Europeans caused an unusual demand for new words, but the Indians proved equal to that emergency. They Indianized some of the strange terms and coined new words for others. The French word adieu was retained as a-ti'-ii, and tea remained //.• horse was slightly changed to lia-has\ and milk became me-lanks' ; but for umbrella they constructed the combina- tion, a'-ku-a-tii-/io'-sof, which means, literally, a shadow maker. Other examples may be found in the list of " Words of recent origin " given in the Vocabulary. The word Maliseet, or Malisit, as it should be spelled in their language, is the singular form of the Micmac word Malisitchik — " the broken talkers." The Micmacs are not of the Wapanaki (or Abenaki nation, and speak a dialect which is so different from that of the Maliseets that the two people find difficulty in conversing — hence the sobriquet. Another name given to the Maliseets by these same neighbors is Ktiusweskitchinuuk — "the Muskrat people." The Maliseets are fond of the flesh of this animal and formerly u.sed the skins for under-clothing. A third Micmac name is Etechemins, which is applied to the Penobscots, Passamaquoddies and Maliseets. The Maliseets call themselves 8 Wulastiikwiyiik — the people of the IVuiastiiku', which is their name for the river St. John. 'I'he Maliseet.s' nickname for the Micmacs is AfalaiihivcskitJiinuiik - '^ i\\Q Porcupine people" — from their constant use of dyed porcupine (|uills for ornamenta- tion, MY principal assistant in gathering these Maliseet words was the late James Paul of Apohaqui. He was an intelligent man and had a fair knowledge of English,-— could read and write, — and besides possessed an acute ear. I'.ut what made him especially useful in this work was his intense interest in its accomplishment and his desire that it should be correct. I am also indebted to his daughter, Mary Paul, for kindly rendered assistance. She was peculiarly helpful in obtaining data from which disputed questions were determined. The entire work has been confirmed by members of the tribe from other villages, and my thanks for such help are due to Gabriel Attian, " Old Gabe," of St. Mary s ; to Lola Hear of French Village; and to Husawis Francis and Peter Saulis of Tobique. The late Edward Jack took considerable interest in my labor, and was helpful with kind advice and suggestion. My thanks are especially due to Professor Ganong for his interesting and valuable Introduction as well as for his kind words. MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., ' June, 1899. INTRODUCTION. THE important part which Mr. Chamberlain has invited me to take in the presentation of his valuable Memoir on the Maliseet language is the more honorable since this is the first work in an attractive, even if restricted, field. As such it must reap the honors as well as undergo the trials of a pioneer. P'urthermore, the conditions which allowed its production are so rapidly passing away that, unless it should stimulate others to immediate hard scientific study of its originals, it is likely to remain unique. Its value is the greater, also, in as much as it represents the results of Mr. Chamberlain's own personal studies direct from nature, and includes nothing at second hand or of compilation. For the opinions and defects of this introduction, he is of course not to be held responsible. ^' — The tribe of Indians now commonly known as the Maliseets is confined chiefly to the valley of the River St. John, in the Province of New Brunswick. It includes, according to the official figures of 1892, six hundred and fifty-three individuals ; and for some years they have been slowly increasing in numbers. They live upon government reservations in villages, the principal of which are at Tobique Point, Woodstock, Kingsclear, and St. Mary's, with smaller settlements at Madawaska, Apohaqui, and near St. John, also temporary camping grounds at various points along the river. , These Maliseets are a superior race of Indians, combining with many truly Indian virtues fewer European vices than most of the North American tribes. As a rule they are honest, and many of them bear themselves with dignity, independence and self-respect. They are good-tempered and fairly temperate, and therefore very free from crime. They have the Indian dislike for the trades, but are keen hunters, many of the men earning their support as guides. Others make for sale canoes, baskets and other Indian wares, and some do a little, usually a very little, 10 farming. They live in small houses and dress like the whites. They are of medium size, light in color (for Indians), and show little of the American Indian type in their physiognomy, having rather round faces and flat features. They still use their own language, though it is becoming corrupted by white influence ; and the same cause is rapidly destroying the aboriginal character of their legends, formerly rich and imaginative, and of their dances, feasts and other primitive customs. The younger people among them care nothing for such things, and when the present generation of older Indians shall have passed away, it is doubtful if anything of value to Ethnology or Philology can be obtained from them. This admixture with the Europeans in language and customs is in part the result of an actual admixture of race, for they have been intermarrying with the whites, particularly with the Acadian French, for over two hundred years, to such an extent that it is doubtful if there is now a single pure-blooded Indian among them. Like other native tribes of Northeastern America, they have, except in their connection with the whites, no known " history." They have no records of any kind, and no monuments. Their own legends throw no clear light upon their origin, and little upon their relationship to other tribes. Such scraps of knowledge as we have, tend to show that, while originally they came probably from the west or southwest, they have from prehistoric times, as now, lived in the St. John Valley. There is some reason, however, for the belief that at the time of the discovery of the St. John by Cham plain, in 1604, their neighbors, the Micmacs, occupied the mouth of the river, and perhaps extended to the head of tide- water at Fredericton, thus limiting our Maliseets to the upper river. This is shown as well by the testimony of Champ) ain, Lescarbot and Diereville as by the fact that some Indian place- names on the lower river are probably of Micmac origin. The distribution in old times of the Maliseet villages was different from that of the present, the principal ones before this century having been at Meductic, eight miles below Woodstock, and at Ek-pa-haak, five miles above Fredericton. The Maliseets were always very friendly with the French, and were their allies in all of their conflicts with the English, as well as in their terrible II raids against the New England Settlements. All testimony agrees that they were good warriors, warriors of the true Indian type. At the opening of the American Revolution, influenced by Colonel John Allan, they were friendly to the American cause, but they took no active part on either side, and later became firm adherents of the English. To the Loyalists of 1783, they were, except in a few cases, very generally friendly ; and often, in the hardships of the first winters, they were of very great help to the new settlers. In 1787 several schools for civilizing and educating them were established at different points along the river by an English society ; but the success of these schools was small, and later they were given up. From this time until the present, their history has been uneventful. They now have their own schools, maintained by the Dominion government, and their own churches. They are all Roman Catholics. The exact relationship of the Maliseets to the neighboring tribes is still a matter of some doubt. The scientific comparative studies upon their languages which alone can settle this question, have never been made. Indeed the materials therefor in the form of reliable grammars, vocabularies, etc., have been wanting for all except the Micmacs. Some facts, however, are established. As at present distributed, the Maliseets are nearly surrounded by tribes related to them in various degrees. To the east, occupying all the waters emptying into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and extend- ing to and throughout Nova Scotia, are the Micmacs. Besides differing in some physical characteristics, there are differences in the languages of the two tribes so marked that few words are really common to the two, and it is only with much difficulty that members of the two tribes can talk together. To the south and west, connected with the St. John by easy water routes, is the St. Croix Valley, occupied by the Passamaquoddies. Not only are the latter indistinguishable from the Maliseets physically, but their language is nearly identical, so that they talk together with perfect ease. Indeed the term Maliseet is often used to include them both, and properly; though of late it is the custom to restrict the name to those of the St. John River, a usage which is followed here, both because of its practical advantages and its 12 agreement with the range of Mr. Chamberlain's paper. There is a Passamaquoddy tradition that the tribe was founded by the union of a man from the St. John and a woman from the Penobscot. Finally to the west, and likewise connected with the St. John by good waterways and short portages, is the Penobscot River, occupied by the Penobscot tribe. These Indians also resemble the Maliseets very closely, and speak a language which the latter can understand without difficulty. They also often are, and formerly always were, included under the name Maliseet. To the westward of the Penobscots came the Kennebec Indians, the Ahnakis />ar exce/Ze/icc ; these were related to the Penobscots, though less closely than were the Penobscots to the other Maliseet sub-tribes, but more closely than were the three Maliseet sub- tribes to the Micmacs. The conclusion from present knowledge, then, seems to be that while all of these Indians are from the Algonquin stock, the Micmacs stand apart as one race or tribe ; the Maliseets of the St. John, the Passamaquoddies and the Penobscots form collectively another race or tribe of three very closely related divisions, all entitled to be known as Maliseets; and the Kennebec Indians, with offshoots on and near the St. Lawrence to the north, form a third division, to which the Mali- seets are more closely allied than they are to the Micmacs.* Though presenting such differences as we have mentioned, all of these tribes have in common a rich series of legends which have attracted very much well-deserved attention. The references to these Indians in the works of the early explorers throw much light upon their customs, but little upon their language, relationships or history. Champlain ("Voyages," 1613-1632,) refers to them frequently. He calls the Micmacs, Souriquois, and groups all the Indians from the St. John to the Penobscot as Etchemins or Etechemins. Lescarbot (" Histoire de la Nouvelle France," 1609) devotes several chapters, much * Note. — I differ from Professor Ganong regarding the relation of the Mali- seets and the Penobscots to the Kennebecs. There is, I consider, sufficient evidence to warrant the opinion that the Penobscot tribe was founded by emigrants from the Kennebec country, and that for many years both bands were members of one tribe, ruled by one supreme sakum or chief. Both Maliseets and Penobscots have traditions that the founders of the Maliseet tribe were Penobscots. M. C. 13 mixed with otlier matter, to tlieir customs, particularly those of the Micmacs, and he likewise calls all from the St. John to the Kennebec, the Etechemins. Father Baird (" Relation " of 1611) describes tiiem, as does De Laet (" Histoire du Nouveau Monde," 1640), both using the names Souriquois and Etechemins precisely as does Champlain. Denys (" Description Ge'ographique," and " Histoire Naturelle," 1672,) gives several chapters of his work to them, and applies the name Etechemins to all between the St. John and Boston. But the first writer who actually lived among the Maliseets was Villebon, Governor of Acadia from 1690 to 1700; and he likewise is the first to use the word Maliseet (Malicittt), which he applies precisely as his predecessors do the word Etechemin, /. e., to all of the Indians from the St. John to the Penobscot inclusive. His official letters and journal (Broadhead's Documentary History of New York : MS. published by the Quebec Government, etc.) abound in references to them, and are valuable sources of information as to their later history. Cadillac (1692, Broadhead's, op. cit,), Brouillan (1703, MS. by Quebec Government, <•//.), and Diereville ("Voyage du Port Royal," 1707), all contribute to our knowledge of them, and apply the name Maliseet in the same way as Villebon does. J olin Gyles in his well-known narrative of 1736 has given us our most valuable work on their domestic life, but little of linguistic information. Jefifreys ('* History of French Dominions," 176c ) confirms the above usage of the tribal names. The only later works which need mention here are two. Maurault's '* Histoire des Abenakis " (1866) makes several not very clear tribal subdivisions, placing the Etechemins on the St. Croix and a part of the St. John only, and uses the word Maliseet to cover the Etechemins and a related tribe on the St. John. Vetromile's "Abnakis and their History" (1866) is very untrustworthy ; and in the portions relating to the Maliseets and Micmacs seems more often wrong in its statements than right. The words Maliseet and Etechemin are therefore equivalent. The word Abnaki in various forms has been variously applied. Champlain and others, including Diereville, Villebon and Father Rasle, applied it to the Kennebec Indians, but it has been used very commonly by others as a general term, to designate all of 14 the north-eastern tribes, including even the Micmacs. It is gener- ally interpreted to mean vieti of the east. The \v4. u as in tune, or as oo in wi><7«. ii as in hut. w as in wish. y as in year. yu as j'«£/. z as in 2;^r(7. 17 VOCABULARY. PERSONS. A man, Men, A woman, Wom«n, Very old man, Very old woman, Young man. Young woman, Boy, Boys, Girl, Girls, Young girl. Child, Infant, Infants, Male infant. Female infant, Widower, Widow, ^Bachelor, Old maid. Old person, "A bride, ""A groom, u-ski'-tap. u-ski-ta'-pi-yttk. e'-pit. e-pit'-sik. kg-takw'-hum-us. kwtis-kwe'-sos. u-ski'-nus. nak'-skw. u-ski-nu'-sis. u-ski'-nu-si'-siik. pil-skwe'-sis. pil-skwe-si'-sttk. skwa'-sis. wa'-sis. pi'-le wa'-sis. pi-le'-yak wa-si'-suk. pi'-le u-ski-nu'-sis. pi'-le pil-skwe'-sis. si-ko-wap'. si-koskw'. Ica-ke'-ki u-ski'-nus. ka-ke'-ki nak'-skw. k'tchi'-ju ski'-jgn. lu'-so-w6'-skw. lu'-su. Note. — Neither "squaw" nor "papoose" are words of this language, though the root of squaw can be traced in such words as ndkskw, a young woman ; pilskwesis, a girl, and skwasis, a young girl. i8 PARTS OF THE HODY. The head, . wfin-i-a'-kun. Hair, pe-fis'-wtil. \ Crown, ^A scalp. wek-wit'-pat. tim-hiik'-kCkw. Of (relating to) a scalp, pti-sin-kwa'-kiin. P'ace, si'-siikw. Forehead, wu'-ttikw. Eye, si'-siikw. v^^^'^all of eye, mu-kiis-e-wip'-ki-kwa'-witn. I'upil of eye, u-sis'-kwe u-ski'-tchi-nu'-sis, "Eyelash, wtis-sa-wa'-ptin. E^yebrow, wit'-kw. An ear (or his ear). o-tchal'-kus. My ear, iin-tchar-kiis. My ears. tin-tchal'-ku'-si-yul. Perforation in ear. tchis-sa-ha'-so. A nose, mi'-tiin. End of nose (lower half), ko-ko-pul-ii'-k\vi-tu-na'-witn. Point of nose. kwun-as-kwi' wi'-tun. The nostrils. wi-ttin'-el mal'-kak. Perforation of septum of nose. tchi-su-ha'-so wi'-tiin. The cheek, wun'-u. Cheeks, wun-ul'. The beard, wi'-tu-iil. A mouth. lim'-tum. A lip, lim'-tum. A tooth, mi'-pit. A tongue. mi'-mi. The gums, we-u'-sa pi'-ttil. The windpipe, u-si-tu-nap'. The saliva, sus-siikw'. The palate, kwe'-sa-wa-ha'-sit. The throat, um-kwti-ta'-kiin. The chin, um-ta'-pgk-ki'-kiin. The neck. tups-kok'. Necks, tups-ko'-ki-yiil. 19 The Adam's apple, A body, A shoulder, Shoulders, A shoulder blade, The breast of a man, The breast of a woman (mamma). The nipples, The end of backbone, The hip. The belly. The navel, An arm. The right arm, The left arm, The arm-pits. The biceps. An elbow, A hand. Right hand, Left hand. Palm of hand. Back of hand. The fingers, A thumb. First finger, Second finger, Third finger, Little finger. Finger-nail, Joint of hand, A joint. Rump, Leg, The leg, A leg. } tchi'-krm. um-hiik'. iim-tril-ma'-kftn. um-iul-ma'-kiin-til. iim-tul'. mi-ki'-kun. no-sa'-kun-uk. wun-i-a'-kiin-ul no-sa'-kQn-i1k. mils'- Slip. wu-lo'-kftn. wflt. wi'-lus. &m-pi'-t6n-a'-kw(5m. hi-na'-ka-to'-we pi-t6n-a'-kwem. pa'-ta-to'-we pi-ttJn-a'-kwcm. wu-liik-wi'-ul. o-tcho'. wiis'-kwiin. flm-pi'-t5n. ; hi-na-ka'-to-we lim-pi'-tgn (usually I abbreviated to ti'-na-kat'). pa-ta-to-we' lim-pi'-ten, or pa-tut. la-miltch', pa-ka-miltch'. pu-sk61-tchan'-ntil. lim-tchi'-tchin. lin-wi'-kun-ilch. na'-wa-kwilch'. e'-tan-kip'-wik. es'-kwa-kSp'-wik. wii'-ktis. pgk'-wds-kam'-kil. pek-o-wus'-kak. ul-kQn-a'-pot. kat. o-kat'. um-kat'. 20 Leg above knee, A knee, A knee-pan, Leg below knee. Calf of leg, An ankle. An instep, Foot, A foot, Sole of foot, Hoel, A heel, Large toe, Second toe, Third toe. Toe-nail, Blood, A vein. Brain, Bladder, Gall, A heart. Kidney, Lung, Liver, Stomach (entrails). Spleen, Rib, Ribs, Pulse, Spine, Foot-print, A voice or a language, Hollow of the neck, First joint of neck, The skull, mikw. unj-ki'i-tiikw'. iim-kut'-kwis, ka-tchi'-kun. mfil'-an. fim-kul'-akw-hi'-kun. tim-tCi-se'-stin. sit. urn-sit'. uni-ti-lam'-si-ta'-wiin. mrik'-vviin. wtik'-wiin. fim-kut-kwe'-sit. um-kut'-kwe-sit'-sis. iiin-kfit'-kwe-.sit'-sis. lim-kiit'-kwe-si'-te wo'-kus. po-ka'-kiin. iim-tche'-tchis. wi-lit'-pan. wCis-si'i-keskw'. wi'-sus. uni-sa'-hon. po-kil'-win. wo-piin'-niik, o-skwQn'. klam'-huk. ki-u-nik'. pi-ke-vvi'-kiin. pi-ke-wi'-kiin-ul. lim-sii-ho'-nap. wa-wi'-kun. e-lap'-tak. um-si'-tiin. tchiis-mis'-kip. sin'-mats. wii-sti-ki-a'-ttip. 31 kKI.AllONSim'S. Wife, said by husband, ni-si-wl'-f^k. Husl)aiul, said by wife, ni-si-wi'-ck. Soil, said by parent, fin'-kwus. Father, said by ciiild, un-mi'-tauks. Mother, said by child, ni'-ko-iis. KIder brother, said by younger ) - ■ ' • '. -^ •' • im-he -sis. Ijrother or sister, » Youiiijer brotiier, said by elder } ., . *' • "o-si -mis. brother or sister, » Elder sister, said by youncer ) . ^ , . ' 3 J b I un-inu3 -SIS. brother or sister, ) Younger sister, said by elder ) ./ . ^ ■> J I no-si-mis. brother or sister, \ Daughter-in-law, said by parent, un'-sQm. Son-in-law, said by parent, iin-tlo'-sfik. Father-in-law, said by child, un-sil'-hos. Mother-in-law, said by child, ttn-suk'-wus. My son-in-law (after death of wife), no-siis'-sap. My daughter-in-law (after death of } • a, ' husband), ) Sister's husband, said by brother, un-ma'-kii-tfim. Wife's brother, said by husband, lin-ina'-kii-tem. Husband's younger sister, said by > , . . wife, S Brother's wife, said by sister, nu'-takw. Husband's younger sister's has- ) /. , band, said by wife, ) Wife's brother's wife, said by hus- ) , . band, ) Brother's wife, said by elder brother, nil'-mus. Husband's brother, said by wife, nil'-mus. Husband's brother's wife, said by ) • tcho'-s"! wife, ) Husband's sister, said by wife, nu'-takw. Husband's sister's husband, said ) , . , > ne -tcnos. by wife, ) Wife's sister, said by husband, nil'-mus. 22 sister's husband, said by sister, nil'-mus. Wife's sister's luisbaiui, s.iid bv ) , . , , , ' > ne -tchos. tmsband, ) My brother's wife calls my wife, nit-se-kd»'. My sister's husband calls my wife, nitse-k^s'. My grandfather, fin-mu'-siimps My grandmother, no'-ko-miis. A graiuifather is addressed as mu-scj-me'. A grandmother is addressed as no'-ko-mi. My grandson, said by grandparent, un-kwo'-niis. My granddaughter, said by grand- ). , , „ " -^ ® - un-kwe -nus. parent, ) My grandson's wife. My granddaughter's husband, My motiier's l)rother, My father's brother, My nephew, My niece. My mother's sister, My father's sister. My husband's sister's son. My mother's brother's wife. His mother's brother's wife. My husband's sister's daughter, My mother's brother's wife. My husband's brother's son, My wife's brother's son, My wife's brother's daughter, My father's sister's son, said by > ^ » / 1 y ^ , . ' ^ }■ nu-ta -kwGs male cousm, My mother's brother's son, said by male cousin, My father's sister's daughter, said by male cousin, My mother's brother's son, said ) „ ^..„ , , . }■ un-tul -num by lemale cousm, ) My father's brother's son, said by > u , v un -sum. un-to-lo'-.suk. lin-kla-miik'-sis. nits-a'-liikw. fm-tu-wa'-stim. tm-stim'-mfls. tm-ki'-sis. no'-kum. niil'-kiim-is. no'-kiim. o'-kii-mul. lin-stim'-us. un-ki'-sis. niil-o'-kiin-is. niil-o'-kun-is. fin-siim'-iis. i [■ lin-si'-wSs. >■ lin-pe-hdn'-mum. male cousin, i 23 My father's brother's daughter, ) said by male cousin, ) My father's brother's son, said by female cousin, My father's elder sister's daughter,- said by female cousin, My mother's elder brother's daugh- ter, said by female cousin. My father's elder brother's daugh- ter, said by female cousin, My mother's younger brother's daughter, said by female cousin. My father's elder sister's daughter, said by female cousin, My mother's sister's son, said by male cousin. My mother's sister's son, said by female cousin, My mother's cousin's daughter, said by female cousin. My husband's mother's brother's son, said by female cousin-in-law, My wife's mother's brother's son, said by male cousin-in-law. My husband's mother's brother's daughter's husband, said by female cousin-in-law, My wife's father's sister's son, said by male cousin-in-law, My husband's sister's daughter's husband, said by female cousin- in-law, My great-grandson, un-pi My great-granddaughter, tin-pi My great-grandfather, iin-pi My great-grandmother, iin-pi My grandnephew, iin-pi My grandniece, tin-pi - un-pe-h^n'-mum. [• un-tul'-num. [• nu-takw'-sis. y nu-takw'-sis. [■ nti-takw'-sis, [■ nit-se-kes'. >■ nit-se-kes', >■ lin-si'-wes. [• tin-ttil'-num. [- nit-se-kgs'. [■ nil'-mus. [• nil'-mus. nil'-mus. nil'-mus. nil'-mus. -tu-in kwe'-nus. tu-in kwe'-nus. tu-in un-mu'-stimps. -tu-in no'-ko-mus. -tu-in tu-a'-sum. -tu-in tu-a'-sum. 24 My grand-uncle, un-pi'-tu-in kla-muk'-sis. My grand-aunt, tin-pi'-tu-in kla-muk'-sis. My great-grandson's wife, un-suni'. My great-granddaughter's husband, un-to-lo'-sukw. My husband's great-grandfather, un-sil'-hos. My wife's great-grandfather, My wife's great-grandmother, My husband's great-grandmother. My step-son. My step-daughter. My step-father. My step-mother, My great-grandparents call my ) v. , , . .7 , ,r , Sun-to -tern, wife s great-grandfather, ) My great-grandparents call my > „ ^ ,„ „ , , .", , , ^ S un-to-tem-iskw . wife s great-grandmother. lin-sil'-hos, un-sttk'-wiis. un-suk'-wus. un-ta'-pa-kwi ni'-kiin. iin-ta'^pa-kwi ni'-kiin. ijn-mu'-siinips. no'-ko-mus. f My god-father. My god-mother. My god-child, My god-child's mother. My god-child's father. My child's god-parent, The first born boy, The first born girl, Orphan, father or mother dead. Orphan, father an(/ mother dead, Still-born child, My father, after his death. My mother, after her death, A father. My father, Your father, His (or her) father, un-kel'-nit. un-kel'-nit. un-kul-ne'-kQn. lin-ma'-ko-per-miskw. un-ma'-ko-pel'-lum. un-kel'-nit. iim-skwa-se'-we(the first one). ne-mi'-kwu-sit (born). ski-no'-sis (a boy). lim-skwa-se'-we (the first one). ne-mi'-kwii-sit (born). pil-skwe'-sis (a girl). ki'-pus. ses'-si-mi ki'-pus. me-tchi-nem' ne-mi-kwus'-so (dead born), Qn-mi-tauks'. ni-ko-us'. we-kwus'-sit. un-mi'-tauks. kii-mi'-tauks. o-mi-tauk'-siil. 25 Their father, Our father, A mother. My mother. Your mother. His (or her) mother. Our mother. Their mother, A brother (or a sister), My elder brother. My younger brother. My elder sister. My younger sister, Your brother, His (or her) brother. Their brother, My son, Your son. His (or her) son. Our son, Their son, My daughter. Your daughter, His (or her) daughter. Our daughter, A spouse, My wife (or husband), Your wife (or husband), His wife or her husband, A brother (fellow-man), A friend, o-mi-tauks'-wal. kii-mi-tauk'-siin. wi-ko-us'-wit. wi-ko'-iis. ki-ko'-tts. wi-ko-us'-Siil. ki-ko-wii'-siin. wi-ku-us'-wal. wi-tchi-ki-ti'-ek. im-he'-sis. no-si'-mis. un-miis'-sis. no-si'-mis. wi-tchi'-ki-ti-ekw', wi-tchi-ki'-ti-ti'-chel. wi-tchi-ki'-ma-ti'-chel . un-kwus'. kil-kwiis'. o-kwtis'-sul. un-kwQs'-sun. o-kwiis'-wal. iin-tus'. kil kG-tus' or iik-kii-tus'. iin-tus'. fin-tus'-son. i-spa-ka'-di-man-i'-im. ni-si-wi'-akw. kii-ni-si-wi'-akw. o-ni-si-wi-ti'-chSl. un-se'-w6s. ni'-tchi. SOCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION. A family (of father, mother and \ ^n-ko'-tu-wa-si'-suk. children), ' A gens or clan (all who bear the ) ^n.^^a-to'-kak. same name), ' Gentes or clans, un-kwa-to'-ki-yak. 26 The Dog gens, The Bear gens, The Pig gens, Nickname for the Pig gens, A tribe, A confederacy of tribes, Chief of tribe (council chief). Assistant chief, Captain, Captains, Chief of confederacy, War chief, A warrior, Council, Council chamber, The Maliseet tribe, A Maliseet, el-mus'-wa-ko-tu-mo-ti'-chik. mu'-i-ne-wa-ko-tu-mo-ti'-chik. pik'-su-a-ko-tu-mo-ti'-ch i k . S kal'-ki-e-wi-ti'-chik (the half- ( breeds). Qn-kwut-to'-ktim-ik-su'-wiik. ma-wo-ka'-tchik. *sa'-ki'im. ( lep-ta'-net (formerly nie-a'- i wSt). kap'-tin. kap'-ti-nuk. k'tchi-sa'-kiini. mut-a-pe'-kwi-sa'-ktim. miit-a-pe'-kwin. po-tu-wu'-sin. po'-tu-wus wik'-wam. wu-las-tuk'-wi-yuk. wu-las'-tukw. The Micmac nickname for a Maliseet, ma'-li-sit Plural, Another Micmac nickname, Maliseet nickname for Micmac, Opponents, My friend — one of my clan, My friend — not of my clan, My enemy, A slave, An Indian, A white man, An Englishman, A Frenchman, ( ma-li-si'-tchik (the broken (. talkers), j ku-iis'-wes-ki-tchi-nu'-uk (the (. muskrat people). ^ ma-t6-wgs'-wgs-ki-tchi-nu'-tik ( (the porcupine people). ni'-sit-spi-te'-yOk. lin-si'-wgn. Qn-si'-u. ke-ton'-lit. we'-kon. f o-ski'-tchin (lit, a human be- X ing). wa-pe'-it ski'- tap. ( o-ski'-tchi-mu'-uk or i-ku-lis'- 1 mun. plets'-mun. *In addressing the chief they used the word un-sa'-kum-iim, which is equivalent to my chief — my lord. 27 RELIGION. The Great Spirit (the white man's ) «i m ^ , ^ y nuks -i., , ' y um-kan -so-skuk . the past, ) The future world, spiim'-kik. A spirit or angel, ke-tauks'. A ghost — departed spirit returned, ki-se-kii-pi'-sit. A dead body, un-po-in'. A spirit or soul, lim'-tchu-tchakw. Grave in the ground, po'-skun-i-kun-a'-lukw. Burying (a body), po-skiin'-a. A coffin of wood or bark, skiin-i'-kiin. DRESS AND ORNAMENTS. Man's hat or cap, a-so'-su-wun. Man's hunting cap, wes-siim-wu'-suk. Woman's hat or cap, e-pi'-tu-we a-so'-su-wun. Woman's peaked cap, old style, om-ne-ki-a'-siik. Head-dress of feathers, wip-kon-ha'-sik a-so'-su-wun. Mask, tche-po-tes'-we. Necklace of claws, wo-kiis'-i-iik. Man's coat or gown Cextending ) ^ , ^, *^ ^ ^ }■ pes-kwu -nas. from shoulder to ankle), ) Man's coat, old style, extending \ , , ^ ,, „ ^ r, ^ , , ^ , , r ( a -su-e-ke-to -kun pus -kwu- from shoulders to ankles, fas- >• . , , , i nas. tened at waist with belt, ) Woman's loose jacket, mat'-let. Cloth shirt, a-tol'-hal Cloth skirt — woman's — extend ing from waist to ankles. Breech clout, mul-lek'. Belt worn next to the skin, o-tche-tche'-sun. Straps from belt to leggings, o-tun-nus'-sum-ul. 28 I e'-pit o-tul-pi'- su-wun. Garters for leggings, Leggings, Moccasin, Moccasins, Costume — from head to foot, Blanket, Robe of deer skin — to lie on, Beaver skin, Otter skin, Moose skin. Caribou skin, Bear skin. Rabbit skin, Paint for the face, Paint for wigwam, Black paint, Red paint, Scarlet paint, Yellow paint. Tattoo marks. Thread of sinew. Thread of skin, Wampum, Picture writing. ki-kijn-na'-pi-iil. kun-ne-so'-nul. m'ciis'-siin. m'cus'-stin-ul. ul'-kwut-e-wa'-kun. a-so-hon'. ne'-kiis-son. miit'-te-ka. ki-u'-ni-ke'-u. mu-su-te'-kiin. mii-ka'-lip-we'-u. lim-skwe'-u. ma'-tti-kwes-we'-u. so-ke'-wiin. son-he'-kun. mS-ku-se-we'-ik so-ke'-wiin. me-kwe'-ik so-ke'-wiin. kes-tchtts'-it so-ke'-wun. wes-a-we'-ik son-hi'-kun. at-ha'-so. tiin'-u-wan, wul-o'-kes. wan'-pap. kapskw. DWELLINGS. Birch-bark wigwam. Spruce-bark wigwam. Slab wigwam, " Lean-to," open in front, Peaked wigwam, Council wigwam, A house, A room, A parlor, A kitchen, Wigwam pole, { m as'-k we-wik'- warn . po-kwa'-ha-wi'-kan. pe-sik'-suk-wik'-wam. a-ne-pe'-kan. kwiin-os-kwi'-ke-wam. po'-tc-wus-wik'-wam. wSn-o-tchik'-wam. pe-kwe'-ti-a'-suk-a-ha'-sik. lam'-siik. no-tak'-we-wik'-wam (lit., a cooking house), hiip-piis'-i-akw'. 29 Doorway of wigwam. Doorflap of wigwam, Mat for wigwam, Bed, Fire, Blaze, Living coal, Dead coal, Ashes, Smoke, Soot, Fireplace, Firewood, Poker, Camp-fire (outside), Back-log, Side-logs, kC'-ha'-kiin. ke-so'-son. ne'-kus-son. ku-wot'. skwut. si'-si-u. lu-se'-kut. miik'-us, top'-kwan. pu-kiit'. kwa'-ko-pijs. skwiit'-e-to'tch. pe-u'-su-kos. ma-ti-pi'-kiin. miit-to'-tu-a'-kun. k'to-wan'. niim-jin'-si-hi'-kiS-ntil. IMPLEMKNTS AND UTENSILS. Bow of wood. Bow-string, ■ Arrow, Notch in end of arrow for bow-string. Notch in end of arrow for arrow-head. Arrow-head, Point of arrow-head. Arrow-shaft, Feathered arrow. Quiver, Quiver strap. War club, War spear, Fish spear, Sling, A canoe, My canoe, Drum, Fish line, 30 tap'. pe-si'-mim. pakw. p5-sen'-ske-ha'-so. fm-kakw-sa'-so. su'-wan. kwun-as'-kwi-u. pakw. wip-hon-ha'-sik pakw. su-wa-ni'-niit. wiis'-kwap. iim-skwu'-tchis. tii-kti-ti'-ktin. ni-ka'-kwul. lik'-pe-ma'-sot. hii-kwi'-tGn. iin-tol'. piikw-ho-la'-kiin. iim-ki-kii-nap'. Fish net, Fish hook, Snare for catching rabbits, Fishing rod. Bait for fishing, Fishing tackle. Flies for fishing, Pipe, Pipe of stone, Pipe-stem of wood, Large sled, Hand sled, Flat hunting sled — toboggan. Snow shoes, Birch-bark water jug, Birch-bark sap bowl, Birch-bark dish. Basket, Berry basket. Trinket basket, Fish basket, A small basket. Cup of wood, Bowl of wood. Stone mortar. Stone pestle, A chain, Chain and pot-hook (to suspend over a fire). Wooden withe and crotch (to sus- pend over a fire), A stick with one end in the ground, the other bent over a fire (to hang a pot upon), Toasting stick, Horn cup, Horn spoon, hap. ttm-ki'-ktin. la-pCk-tu-wa'-kQn. Qm-ki-ku-na'-ttikw. a-me-miik-wa'-kun. lim-si'-yu 61-me-ke'-mflk. a-ma-ke-si'-siik. ttim-a'-ktin. pti-nap-skwa'-siin-is. u-ttim-a-kttn-a'-ttikw. ta-pa'-kiin. ta-pa-ktin-us'-sis. ta-pa-nas'-ktik. ha'-kum-mtil. pot'-hats. stis-kits'. ta'-kGn. hiip-pQs'-sim-ot'. tu-wi-na'-kiin. tu-wa'-ta-sot'. nS-me'-si-not'. htip-piis'-sun-ot-e'-sis. hup-pus'-i-e-kwat'-sis. hftp-pus'-i-a'-let. pi-tQ-ha-sot'. ni-ma'-ktin. iil-na-kwa'-pi-niil. I k'tchip-la-kwa'-kiin-iil. > k'tchip-la-kwa'-kiin. I na-pi'-ta-kwa'-kiin (or) ko-ka'-tukw. sakw-hi'-kiin. a-hal'-ne kwat'-sis. a-hal'-ne nu'-kwan. 3» FOOD. Porridge, Fresh meat, Salted meat, Fresh beef. Salted beef, Veal, Pork, Ham, Mutton, Butter, Eggs, Beans, Potatoes, Turnips, Carrots, Corn, Soup, Corn soup, A pie. Preserved fruit, Sweet cake, Sweets, Medicine, ttn-sa'-pan. ske'-wiikw (or) wi'-os. sa-la'-we-ti-kiin wi'-os. pi'-le ku-o'-se. sa-la'-we-ti-kiin ku-o'-se. ku-o-si'-se. p!k'-se. wik-plas-ti'-kiin. hus-si'-pe. mfll-auks'-si'-piin. wa-u'-ntil. malts-kwfis-si'-tSl. pttt-se-te'-siil. we'-nuts-wi'-pa-ntik. wi-sa'-wukw-si'-tchik. pi-6s-ktim'-nul. ke-sip'. pi-6s-kum-nek'-3ip. we'-yus-ha'-sit. su'-napt. mak'-wan-ha'-sit htip'-pOn. mak-wa'-ni po'-kil. nu-pi'-sftn. MAMMALS. Bat, Beaver, Young beaver, Beaver of third year, Bear, Caribou, Bull caribou. Cow caribou. Young caribou, Wild cat, Loup-cervier, pu-kii-ta-te'-mtis. kwa-pit'. kwa-pit-e'-sis. piil-um'-skw. mu'-win (or) mu'-in. muk-a'-lip. miik-a'-lip-i'-ap. mtik-a-lip'-gl'. miik-a'-li-puk'-sis. pu'-so. a-pik'-w2.-si'-kiin. 32 Domestic cat, Cow, Dog, An Indian's dog, A white man's dog, Hunting dog, Moose dog, Partridge dog. Deer, Buck deer. Doe, Fox, Silver fox, Fisher, Ground hog, Horse, Mink, House mouse. Field mouse, Mole, Moose, Bull moose, Cow moose, Calf moose. Yearling moose, Muskrat, Otter, Porcupine, Rat, Rabbit (hare), Raccoon, Sable, Skunk, Squirrel, gray, Squirrel, ground, Squirrel, flying, Squirrel, red, Weasel, ptl-su'-is. ka-hus'. Ol'-mus. Ol-Qn'-sam, we'-not-swa'-sQm. ktit'-tin-ke-an'-stim. mu-se-wa'-sfim. mu-tche'-gs-wa'-sOm. hGt'-tok. hQt-tok'-i-ap. hat-tok-er. kwokw'-sGs. w6n-ho'-kgt kwokw'-stis. puk-Qmk'. mo-nlm-kwSs'. ha-has'. tchi-a-k6s'. to'-kis. to'-kis. 61-mansk'. mus. mus-i-ap'. mus-gl'. mus'-sis. ni-je-ats'. kai-u'-hiis. ki-u-nik'. ina-tu-wSs', k'tchi-to'-kis (or) a-puk'-sis. ma-tu-kw6s'. Ss'-pttnts. ni-makw'-su-Ss'. a-pik-tchi'-lu. k'tchi-mi'-ko. a-sa-ko'-akw. saks-ka'-tu. mi'-ko. sti-kwSs'. 33 White weasel (winter pelage), Woodchuck, Seal, harbor, Seal, hooded, Whale, Wolverine (Indian devil). Wolf, wA-pe-sQ-kwfis'. mo-nlm-kwes'. a-kikw'. pCt'-kwat-pal'. po-tep'. laks. mar-sdm. BIRDS. Bird, Small bird, Bittern, Bluejay, Blackbird, rusty. Blackbird, red-winged. Blackbird, crow. Bunting, snow. Bobolink, Brant, Chickadee, Catbird, Chimney swallow, Cedarbird, Cross-bill, Creeper, brown, Crow, Cormorant, Cuckoo, Duck, domestic, Duck, buffel-head. Duck, black. Duck, gadwall. Duck, golden-eye, Duck, hooded merganser, Duck, harlequin. { sips. sip'-sis. no-ktim'-iis. ti-ti-as'. tchftk-wu-luskw'. ma-kwil'-kwiin-at, 6s-w61'-nat. wS-pe-ki-lakw'-sis (or) pu-san-i-2s'. sau'-ni-tchiik-wu-lQskw'. ma'-kwii-la-we'-ik. 3 kut-e-ki'-tchi-lu'-e t (or) tchG-ki'-ki-la'-sis. pg-su-e-sip'-sis. pe'-ta-ki-6s'-sis. nie'-kwi-mos-ma'-sit. kw2-si'-wis. wiil-kes'-kwts. ka-ka'-kos. hiik-wuns'. p6t'-mn-nat. ma-t6-he'-sim. so-pe'-kwi-€s'. mii-tg-he'-slm. wa-pe-kwGs-i'-ko, hiim'-kwal-kw6s'. hiik-wuns'. pi'-topskw. 34 Duck, mallard, Duck, merjjanser, Duck, old squaw, Duck, sheikh ake. Duck, wood, Kagle, golden, Eagle, bald-headed. Finch, grass. Finch, purple, Finch, thistle. Flicker, Gannet, Goose, Canada, Goose, domestic, Gosling, domestic, Grackle, purple. Grebe, Grosbeak, pine, Grouse, Canada, Grouse, ruffed. Gull, Gull, black-backed, Gull, herring, Gull, white, Gyrfalcon, Humming-bird, Hawk, Hawk, fish. Hawk, night, Hawk, sharp-shinned. Heron, great blue, Heron, night. Jay, Canada, Junco, Kingbird, ka-wiJs'. fim-skut'-se-me-kwCs'. ha'-ha-vvcis' (or) e'-slks. kwus-i'-ko. lun-tii-kwi-hCs'. k'-tchi-pla'-kun. wap'-so-k6s'. wa-plk'-pi, niL'kwe'-it. wa-pi'-ku-wokw'-sis. tu-wa-luts. ta-takw'. wap-tukw'. wa'-pi-ki'-iakw. wa'-pi-ki-iakw'-sis. Cs-W(5r-nat. a'-sops. a'-mun-ha'-kiikw. mu-tchi-6s'. se-se-ka'-ti-ke-Ss'. ki-akw'. ki'-as. ki-a'-sis. wa'-pe-ki-akw'. wa'-pe-wii'-ha. a-la-mus'-sit. o'-wu-ha. i'-se-me-kwes'. pik'-tchus-kwes'. ke'-kgk-wis (or) o'-wu-ha'-sis. ka'-skw. tchi-ma-kwa'-ha. iim'-kun-e-wus-s6s' (or) ktis'-kus-se-kwes' (or) um-skfm'-kwQs (or) wu'-tchi-kiin'-i-es. po'-kus-na-wi-hS'-sis. mus-nu-tches'. 35 Kingfisher, Loon, Loon, red-throated, Maitin, purple. Nuthatch, Ovenbird, Owl, Owl, barred. Owl, great horned, Owl, long-eared. Owl, saw-whet, Owl, snowy. Partridge, Petrel, Phalarope, Pigeon, Plover, black-bellied. Plover, ring-necked, Raven, Redstart, Robin, Sandpiper, Sandpiper, solitary, Snipe, Snipe, yellow-legs. Sparrow, Sparrow, Savannah, Sparrow, song. Sparrow, white-throated. Swallow, Swift, chimney, Tanager, scarlet. 1 kJls-kfim-niis'. hiik-wim'. a'-sops. ha'-tclu'is (or) k'tchi-a-pCsk-ha'-tchtis. tchi'-ti-wa-ti-wOm'-tas (or) wul-kils'-kwis. sa'-ki-piik-niik'-sis. a'-se-kat'. ko-kok-hiis'. ti'-tuk-ul. a'-se-kat'. kap-ka-mus'. wa-pe'-yit ko-kok-his'. se-se-ka'-ti-ke-£s'. pis-e-m(Vha'-sit. ki-kos-ko-wCs'-sis. pa-ies'. tchi-wa'-wi-ka-tSs'. kCk-mas-kwa'-sit. k'tchi-ka-kak'. skwut-6s'-sis. tchi'-la-tchi'-li (or) om'-kwi-pu-se-h§s'. ne-ne-mek'-tchtis (or) tchi-sis'-ko-wes'-sis. tcho'-tcho-i-ko-t6s'. k'tchi'-tchQs-ko-\v6s' (or) nek'-skwi-ko-wgs'-sis. tchi'-sis-ko-wfis'. ki'-ka-ni-e'-sis. stil-siil-si-li'. ka'-kas-kOl-tchgs'-sis. kii-lak'-sis (or) wa-pe'-pe. e-p6sk-hiit'-tchiis. pe'-ta-ki-es'-sis. a-mun-ha'-tiikw. { 36 Teal, Teal, blue-wing *d, Teal, green-wingi'd. Tern, Titmouse, Thrush, hermit. Thrush, Wilson's, Warbler, yellow, Wliippoorvvill, Widgeon, Woodcock, Woodpecker, Woodpecker, black-backed. Woodpecker, downy or hairy, Woodpecker, pileated, Woodpecker, yellow-bellied, Wren, winter, a'-wat-wJfs', a'-wat-we'-sis. k'tchi-a'-wat-w«Js'. J ki-akw'-sis ( (or) nik-tu-lti-ntis'. tchu-ki'-ki-Ia'-sis. at'-Ia-kwe-o'-timi. ta-ne'-li-an. u-si'-wis. htt-wip'-o-lis'. f mu-le'-tchi-so-ytis'-sis I (or) mur-tch(5s-sris'-sis. nekw-ski-ko-es'-sus. a-pa'-kwus-sc's'. muk-se'-wi-a-pa'-kwus-sCs. tchi'-kwa-lakw. am-kwat'-pdt. pak'-a-kwil'-ha. ha'-lam-sii-pi-e'-sis (or) wai-nok'-tchiis. I FISH. Bass, Chub, Codfish, Cusk, Catfish, Dogfish, Eel, Flounder, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Haddock, Hake, Herring, Mackerel, Perch, white, miik-ak'. pQ-nSp-skwds'. nQk-mfikw'. sa'-kQm. mu-te-p5s'. sik-lat'. kat. a-n6k-w2s'. si-kwun-iim-ekw'. um-sa-nikw'. tchil-na'-sit. kul-pa'-pe-ki'-kiin-tis. pel-kwakw'-sit. a-mal'-mekw. po-ka'-ktin. 37 Perch, yellow, at'-sak-wa'-lus. Pollock, pes'-kti-tum. Pickerel, kwun-os'. Porpoise, tchiis'-pgs. Salmon, pii-lam'. Shad, tim-sam'. Shark, pes'-ka-mal-wSts'. Sturgeon, pa'-si-kiis. Skate, hup. Smelt, su-mei'-sis. Sucker, ki-kamkw'. Swordfish, pi'-tchus-e'-ka-nat. Trout, brook. sko'-tum. Trout, salmon, plam-u'-sis. Togue, ta-kwa'-na. Oyster, mi-tSs'-sis. Clam, e'-siik. t Lobster, nu-sak'. A fish. num-es'. A young fish. nQm-e'-sis. Spawn, piin-e'-me-kwa'-niik. Roe, siik-a-wa'-niik. Male fish. na-pe'-mekw. Female fish, skwe'-mekw. REPTILES. Frog, chuk-wults'. Bullfrog, a-ta-kei'-miiskw. Toad, am-lisk-te-ha'-sit. Turtle, mud, k'tchi-kQn-nakwts'. A snake. at'-ho-sus'. Snake, green, wi'-sa-wi'-pQk-g-tch^s'. Snake, red-bellied. mekw'-skflt-te-ha'-sit. Snake, ring-necked, te'-ka-ma'-skwat at'-ho-stis'. A snake coiled, tu-wi-ta'-sin. Skin of snake, when shed, ot-se'-we-wa'-kun. 38 INSECTS. Ant, black, e'-nikws. Ant, red, e'-nikws. Angleworm, we-te'-sis. Bee, am-w6s'. Butterfly, •a-ma-k6s'. Black fly. ku-si'-ptin. Dragon fly. a'-pu-tchi'-kwa-ha. Firefly, pu-sa'-kwi-sus. Horse fly. mu-su'-sakw. House fly, a-mu-tcha'-lu. Sand fly. pet'-kwaps-kiis-iis'-sit, Any small fly, a-mu-tchal'-wSs. Water fly (skipper), pi'-ta-kwi'-ke-nat. Small water fly. a-li'-puk-kii-mu'-sit. Caterpillar, a-kan'-ho. •Flea, pu-pi'-ku. Grasshopper, tchal'-sis. Gnat, pgt'-kwaps-kiis-us'-sit. Locust, si-kil'-yfim. Louse, iik'-wtim. Maggot, po'-kes. Miller, a-ma-kes'. Mosquito, tchiis'-so. Snail and shell. kots'-pa-la'-tches. Snail, without shell. wi-wil-mekw'-sis. Spider, a'-mu-hup-6k'. Wasp, am'-wSs. Living things. pem'-au-su-wi'-kil. Trees and plants. pem'-au-su-wi'-kil. Inanimate things. i'-il. A mammal. we-yiis'-sis. A bird. sips. A little bird. sip'-sis. A cock. na'-pa-ha. 39 A hen, A young bird, Unfledged, Moulting, A song bird, A fish, A reptile. Reptiles, skvvu-hSs'. mQl-tcha'-ki-hgs'-sis, e-me-sg-ke'-yu. upskw. nSt-a-win'-takw. num-es'. tcho-tchotch'. tcho-tcho'-tchuk. PARTS OF ANIMALS. Antler, Antler, point of, Anus or vent. Beak or bill, Bone, Brain, Claw, of mammal, Claw, of bird. Comb, Dung, Egg, Egg, shell of. Egg, yolk of, Egg, white of, Entrail, Entrails, Eyes, Fat, Feather, Feathers, Flesh, Gall, Gizzard, Gullet, Hair, Heart, pes'-ki-ak-m i-tu'-sum . ku-nask-win'. o'-pik-ti'-wun-iil. wo'-tun. as-kiin'-is. wi-lit'-pan. wiik'-tis. wu-sit'. at'- wu l-n e-m a'-kix n . mits'-kiin. Wd'-wun. wiil-uk-ask'. wi-sa-we'-ik, wa-pe'-ik. wul-uks'. wul-uk-si'-yul. u-si'-suk. wik. wip-hon'. wip-ho'-niil. we'-yus-sis-we'. wi'-sus. o-tchus'-siis. mits-wa-kun-ap'. pi-es . tim-so-hon'. 40 Hide, Hide, raw. Hide, dried. Hide, tanned, Horn, Horn, butt of. Hoof, Intestines, Joint, Leg, Liver, Lungs, Meat, cooked, Midriff, Milk, Mouth, Muscle, Neck, Penis, Rib, Skin, Skull, Spleen, Spur, of bird, Stomach, Tail, of mammal. Tail, of bird. Tendon, Testicles, Testicles' bag. Toe of bird, Tongue, Tooth, Wing, Windpipe, Womb, m6t-e'-kun. skut-kwe'-kun. k6s-pa'-tgk. ki'-fe-kun-i'-ktin. u-stim'. wiit-sa-hakw'. wiik-us'. wu-lGk-si'-ydl. pgk-e-wiis'-kak. u-kat'. os-kwiin'. wu -pun-uk. wi'-os. kwttp'-hon. mul-auks'. hu'-ton. wu-lan'. tup-skok'. til-los'. pi'-ke-wi'-ktin. met-e'-kiin. wQs'-si-ki-a'-tup. ki-u'-nik. o-tu-ku-ti'-kiin. lam'-huk. u-suk'-wiin. wul-nil'. wiik-wtin-ap'. pet-kwaps-ke-si'-jik. iim-te-kwap'. pus-ke'-si-ta'-wun. wi'-mi. wi-pit'. wo-ntisk'. ka-ka'-kiim-iil. wik-wa'-sis. 41 TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. Alder, top. Apple, tche-k6w-i-ak'-we-mus'. Ash, black, lik-pe'-ta-ha. Ash, white. a'-ka-m^kw. Balm-of-Gilead, e-we-pi'-pukw. Basswood, ul-ne'-kdp. Beech, mi-hi'-kwi-mus'. Beech nut. mi-hi-kwi'-min. Billberry, un-kwii-tu-ha'-wi-mus'. Birch, black, mas'-kwe-mus'. Birch, gray. sak'-pa-kwetsk'. Birch, yellow, miis'-sun. Birch, white, mas'-kwe-mus'. Bloodroot, pg-ki-ni-a'-siik. Blackberry, sakw'-te-mi'-nos. Blackberry fruit, sakw-te'-min. Blueberry, sa-te'-mus. Blueberry fruit, sat. Butternut, pii-ka-nus'. Butternut nut, pG-kan'. Brakes, ma'-sos. Cat-tail flag. pa'-ti-askw. Cedar, kak-skos'. Cedar buds, po-ka'-te-kok kak-skos-ye'-yak Choke-cherry, hiil-u-i'-mi-nos'. Choke-cherry fruit, htil-u-i'-min. Cranberry, high bush, i-pi-mi-nSks'. Cranberry, fruit of high bush. , i-pi'-min. Cranberry, marsh, su-wun-3.ks'. Cranberry, fruit of marsh. su'-wiin. Cranberry, moss, iik-wu-ni-me-nSks'. Cranberry, fruit of moss. tik-wii-nis'. Cranberry, rock, si-ki-mi-n3,ks'. Cranberry, fruit of rock, si-ki-min'. Currant, mus-we-mi-naks'. Currant fruit. mus-we'-min. Dock, k'tchi-se'-wak-po'-kak. 42 Elder, Elm, Fir, Fir buds. Gooseberry, Gooseberry fruit. Grass, Grass, dried, Hackmatack, Hackmatack buds. Hazel, Hazel nut. Hemlock, Hemlock, ground, Huckleberry, Huckleberry fruit, Juniper, Juniper berries, Laurel, Lily, tiger, Lily, white water, Lily, yellow water. Maple, bird-eye. Maple, rock, Maple, white. Mint, Mountain-ash (rowan-tree), Mountain-ash berry. Mushroom, Moss, Moosewood, Oak, gray. Oak, acorn of gray. Oak, white, Oak, acorn of white. Pine, red. I pes-ki'-kut-su-la-mus'. tchus'-a-kun-e'-kup. sta'-kwun. j po-ka'-te-kok sta-kwiin-ne'- ( yak. ka'-te-si-me-naks'. ka'-te-si'-m6n. pel-im-ski'-ko-wiil. mii-ski'-ko-wul. ptik-wum'-os. po-ka'-te-kok piik-wiim'-os ye'-yak. ma-li-puk-an'-si-mus'. ma-li-piik-an'-sis. ku-si'-usk, to-kiin-as'-te-kok. pii-so-li-mi'-naks. pu-so-li'-min. tu-nas'-tii-kok. tu'-n as-tii-k wi-m in', se-wa-pok'-si-kil. pu-so'. wa'-pe-tu-e'-kak. pu-sket'. mi-li'-kwe-ki'-sit sQ-nan'. sii-nan'. mal'-su-nan. pij-se'-o-kiik. mi-na'-kwi-mos'. mi-na'-kwi-min'. os-op'-li-ket. tcha'-tcha-kwe'-sQI. ut-o'-ki-mus'. a'-sa-kwi-hi-mus'. a-sak'-wa-ha. wa'-tchil-mus'. wa'-tchil. pa'-si-akw. 43 Pine, buds of red, Pine, white. Pine, buds of white, Pipe-stem wood (a willow). Pigeon-berry, Pigeon-berry fruit, Pitcher-plant, Poplar, Raspberry, Raspberry fruit, Rush, Sarsaparilla, Spruce, black. Spruce, buds of black, Strawberry vine, Strawberry fruit, Sumach, Teaberry vine, Teaberry fruit, Thistle, Thorn, Thorn apples, Whitewood, Wild-rose bush, Wild-rose flower. Willow, gray, Willow, red, Wintergreen plant, Wintergreen fruit. { ( po-ka'-te-kok pa'-si-a-kwe'- ( yak. ku'-wes. po-ka'-te-kok ku-we-we'-yak. ( u-te-ma'-kiin a-ti'-kwi-mus', ( (also) sko'-ti-me-mus'. sa'-sa-kwi-m i-nJlks'. sa'-sa-kwi'-min, wi'-po-lak-siins. mit. min-su-si'-mus. min'-sus. nas-naskw'. mi-ka'-ke-wi-kwan'-sis. ka-wa'-tukw. po-ka'-te-kok ka-wa'-tuk- we'-yak. iim-ski'-kai-u-wi-min-si'-mus. iim-ski'-kai-u-wi'-mins. o'-tchi-ka-ni-mus'. ku-a'-siin-i-puk-o'-sul. ku-a'-sun-i-min. ka'-wis. me-nos'. tchi'-ke-nes. e-we-bakw'. ( kik-tche-kal'-kik-we-min-se'- i mus. f kik-tche-kal'-kik-we-min'-se ( pes'-kwas-wes'-iik. ken-o-sgs'. mak-makw'-siik. ka-ka'-kos wi-puk-o'-s&k (lit., crow leaves). ka-ka'-kos wi-min'-suk (lit., crow berries). 44 PARTS OF PLANTS. pgs'-kwas-wgs'-sttk. pCs'-kwas-wes'-siik. pgs'-kwas-w^s'-siik. p6s'-kwas-wes'-sQk. min-ka'-sik. mip, mi'-pi-yiik. mi'-pi-yiil. A flower, *A blossom, A violet, A may flower, Bud, Leaf, Leaves (while on the tree). Leaves (after falling), Leaf (when coupled with the name) ., w, ^ "^ >• wi -puk of a tree), ) Limb, Twig, Sap, Fruit, Berries, Outside bark. Inner bark, The wood from heart to bark. The heart of a tree, w. Trunk, Root, A tree, A bush, A shrub, A climbing vine, A creeping vine. Green wood, Hard wood. Soft wood. Bark of soft wood, Bark of hard wood, Spruce bark. Hemlock bark. Hemlock bark from a dead tree. pii-sk6t'-kwiin. pu-sk6t'-kwiin-is'. ma'-kwan. mi'-nik. kekw'-si-min'-stil. maskw. wu-le-keskw. wi-ki-a'-kwem. la-ma'-kwgm. wi'-pa-kwe'-mit. wut-supsk'. hup'-pus. i'-pis. i-pi'-sis. tiip-skaik'. ma-tchi-ak'-sSk. skakw. j sak-lak'-wgm, I (also) sak-li'-e-piis. pos-ku-li'-e-piis. po-kwa'-ha. wul-keskw'. po-kwa'-ha. kii-si-us'-ki po-kwa'-ha. ku-si-us'-ki wul-keskw'. * When the blossom of a tree or shrub is to be designated, the name of the tree precedes the word for blossom. See "wild-rose." 45 Birch bark, maskw. Birch bark in season (ready for ) „ , „ , ^ }■ pu-kwun . peeling), ) Birch bark peeled in season, pu-kwiin-ikw'. Birch bark peeled out of season, • suk'-i-as-kikw'. Birch bark peeled in winter, sun'-o-si'-kwan. Lirch bark from dead tree, iim-so'-a-kwik\v'. A tree, hup'-piis. Trees, hiip-piis'-i-yiiik. A stick of wood, hup'-pus. Sticks of wood, hiip-piis'-i-iil. A broken tree, tfim-en-akw'. A windfall, ki-p6l-am-so'-ket hiip'-piis. Windfalls when crossing each other, ko-as'-kun. A burnt tree, nek-a'-kwijs-it hiip'-piis. A hollow tree, pe-kwe'-kit hiip'-pus. A moss-covered tree, tcha-tcha-kwe'-sit hiip'-piis. A moss-covered log, fm-kan-ke'-siin. A tree chopped down, tiim-akw'-ta-ha. A dead tree, lim-su-akw'. Firewood, pi-yu'-suk-ol. A fire of logs, kwut-u'-wan siim-a'-nets. Back-log, kwtit-u'-wan. I am chopping firewood, un'-miik-un-iis'. I am gathering chips, un'-pi-a'-kwun-iskw. Spruce boughs for bedding, ka'-wa-tg-kwi'-ak. Fir boughs for bedding, sta'-kwiin-ok. I am gathering boughs for bedding, lin-mu-na'-siit. PHYSICAL PHENOMENA AND OBJECTS. Air (atmosphere), mu-si'-kiskw. Aurora, ni'-pa-ya'-pun. A bay, pek-wi-ta-pa'-kek. A beach, pgm-am'-ki-hal:. Clouds, a'-lok. Clouds, fleecy, wa'-pa-lo'-kut. Clouds, dark, pis'-ka-lo'-kut, 46 Clouds, black, muk-e-se'-wa-lo'-ktit. Clouds, wavy, tti-ko'-wis-a-lo'-kut. Clouds, wind. wtin-san'-stin-a'-lok. Clouds, thunder, p6t-a-ka'-lok. A cove, wa-li-na'-ik. Current, pe-mit'-su-uk. Dust, to'-kwan. Eddy, aps-kwe'-tiik. Foam, pit. Fog, o'-wiin. Frost, was'-te-u'-tiin. The ground. ku-ta'-k6-mikw. Hail, sikw. It hails, sikw-he'-yu. It is hailing, sikw-wa-wi'-yu. Ice, pii-kwum'. Icicle, kwu-san'-I ii-kwi'-he. Lightning, pii-sakw-he'-sik. ■ Meteor, pu-mi-tu-i'-e pu-se'-siun Moon, the, ni-pauk'-s6t. Moon, new, na'-kwii-so ki'-sos. Moon, crescent, pi'-le ki'-sos. Moon, half, e-pa'-si ki'-sos. Moon, full, ki'-sa ki'-sos. Moon, on wane, wa-sa-16s'-o ki'-sos. Moon, third quarter. e-pa'-si me-tchi'-he. No moon. me-tchi'-he. Mud, sii'-skw. A point of land, a cape. kwa-se-wa'-ik. Rain, ka-mi'-wan. It rains. kii-ma'-wGn. Rainbow, mun'-kwan. Salt, sa-la'-we. Sand, pi'-kwiis-kwamkw'. Sand-bar, mum-amkw'. Sand beach, p6m-am-ki'-hak. Sky, mtis'-skwiin. Snow (on the ground), wast. 47 It snows, Star, Stars, Evening and morning star, Stone, Gravel, A storm, sun, Tide, Tide, high, Tide, low, Tide, flood. Tide, ebb. Tide, spring. Tide, neap. Water, Wave, Wind, Wind, north, Wind, east. Wind, south. Wind, west, Wind, south-west, Between winds, Whirlwind, Gale of wind, North, East, South, West, North-east, North-west, South-east, South-west, pii'-san. pS-se'-sOm. pii-ses'-mok. Om-sa'-tu. pfi-nap'-skw. pii-nap-skwi'-sfimk. ma-tcha-kis'-kGt. gs-pi-tauk'-stJt. pe-mit'-su-iik. pg-sun'-pC-he. kis'-kut. atsko'-pe-he. wi'-kwiit. uk-sa'-ku-wi'-he. nu'-ta-ya-ku-wi'-he. sa-ma'-kwan. tG'-ku. wiit-sau'-siin. Ia-tfi-kw6s'-s{in. tchi'-p2-san. sau-niis'-stin. kG-ski-ya'-sun. siin-ut-se'-kat-iin. pti-su-w&s'-siin. a-pa-la'-sun. pe'-tchi-wSs'-e. la-tS-kwgs'-nuk. tchi-pe'-nuk. sau-niis'-nuk. ku-ski-ya'-sim-nuk. pu-su-wus'-siin-nuk. pii-su-wtis'-sun-nuk. pu-su-wiis'-siin-nuk. pft-su-wus'-siin-nuk. The woods (forest), Clump of trees. k'tchikw'. mgn-i'-ko-wiik a-pu'-si-Gk. 48 Grove, Soft wood grove, Hard wood grove. Area of dead trees, Bog, Swamp, Alder swamp, Cedar swamp, A field, A wild meadow. Cleared patch, Hay field. Intervale or marsh, Plain, Hill, Ridge (watershed), Mountain peak, Mountain of bare rock, Mountain chain, ( eskw'-tfl-ha-si'-tchik hup-pOs'- 1 i-yuk. pem-a'-tg-kek. mi-kikw'. ki-sik'-tek. lim-ko'-wak. wa'-li-wus-ki-mi'-k6k. wa'-li-to-pe'-kCk. wa'-Ii-kak-sko-si'-kdk. pSm-sko'-t6k. p6k-kwes'-sun. iim-so-ha'-so. Qm-skik'-we-kat'. se'-k6-te-sko'-tek. Qm-ko-wak'. pem-a'-kgk. a-tu-wa'-nik. wut-su'-uk. p6m-op-sktit-i'-ngk. a-tu-wQt'-i-ne. COLORS. Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Purple, Red, White, Yellow, muk-fis-se- we'-y u . musk-wfln-tchi'-tgp. "( i^< kwak-lunts-skwut'-t6k. ski'-pu-kwiit'-e. so-na'-pu-Qt'-e. ura-kwiit'-e. wa-pe'-yu. wi-sa-we'-yu. CARDINAL NUMBERS. ^"^> nekwt or when counting animate objects, or when counting inanimate objects. >■ p6skw. > pSs'-kwun. 49 Two, ta'-pu (also) nis. or when counting animate V ni'-su-tik. objects, or when counting inanimate J- ni'-sttn-ol. objects, i Three, sist (also) ne'-hi. or when counting animate [• no-ho'-iik. objects. or when counting inanimate [■ nfi-hiin'-ol. objects, Four, ne'-u. or when counting animate [• ne'-wuk. objects. or when counting inanimate [■ ne'-wiin-ol. objects, Five, nan. or when counting animate [■ na-nu'-iik. objects. or when counting inanimate [■ na-nfin'-ol. objects, Six, ka-ma'-tchin. Seven, lo-i'-kun-ak. Eight, o-ka-niul'-tchin. Nine, es-kwii-na'-tfik. Ten, tim-tel-iin'. or when counting objects, kwi-tinsk'. Eleven, kwa-tan'-ko. Twelve, ni-san'-ko. Thirteen, •* iin-san'-ko. Fourteen, ne-wan'-ko. ■ Fifteen, na-nan'-ko. Sixteen, ka-ma'-tchin kgs-an'-ko. Seventeen, /-- lo-i'-kiin-uk kes-an'-ko. Eighteen, o-ka-mul'-tchin k6s-an'-ko. Nineteen, es-kwQ-na'-tgk kes-an'-ko. Twenty, ni-sinsk'. ( ni-sinsk' chel nekwt X (also) ni-sKnsk' chel peskw Twenty-one, 5° Twenty-two, Twenty-three, Twenty-four, Twenty-five, Twenty-six, Twenty-seven, Twenty-eight, Twenty-nine, Thirty, Forty, Fifty, Sixty, Seventy, Eighty, Ninety, One hundred, One hundred and one. One hundred and two. One hundred and three. One hundred and four, One hundred and five, One hundred and six. One hundred and seven. One hundred and eight. One hundred and nine. One hundred and ten. One hundred and eleven. One hundred and twelve, Two hundred, Three hundred. Four hundred. ni-slnsk' chel nis. ni-slnsk' chel ne'-hi. ni-slnsk' chel ne'-u. ni-slnsk' chel nan, ni-stnsk' chel ka-nia'-tchin. ni-slnsk' chel lo-i'-kun-ttk, nl-slnsk' chel o-ka-mul'-tchin. ni-slnsk' chel cs-kwi-na'-t(5k. Qn-slnsk', ne-wlnsk'. na-ninsk'. ka-ma'-tchin kds-Insk'. lo-i'-kun-iik k(5s-Tnsk'. o-ka-iniil'-tchin kCs-Insk'. es-kwu-na'-tek kfis-lnsk'. tin-kwa-tatkw'. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel nekwt. dn-kwa-tatkw' chel nis. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel ne'-hi. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel ne'-u. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel nan. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel ka-ma'- tchin. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel lo-i'-ktin- tik. un-kwa-tatkw' chel o-ka-mtil'- tchin. tin-kwa-tatkw' chel es-kwi- na'-tek. ^ tin-kwa-tatkw' chel tim-t«l- 1 tin'. ( tin-kwa-tatk *i' chel kwa-tan'- ( ko. f tin-kwa-tatkw' chel ni-san'- ( ko. ni-satkw'. tin-satkw'. na-watkw'. I I SI Five hundred, Six hundred, Seven hundred, Eight hundred, Nine hundred, XOne thousand, Two thousand. Three thousand. Four thousand, Five thousand. Ten thousand. Eleven thousand, Twelve thousand, Twenty-one thousand, Twenty-two thousand, One hundred thousand, One million, na-natkw', ka-ma'-tchin ke-satkw'. lo-i'-kun-uk ke-satkw'. o-ka-nitir-tchin ke-satkw'. es-kwti-na'-tek ke-satkw'. '^ iin-kwiit'-am-kwak'. ni-sam-kwak'. iin-sam-kwak'. ne-wam-kwak'. na-nam-kwak'. kwi-1snsk' kSs-am-kwak'. kwo-tan'-ko kes-am-kwak'. ni-san'-ko kgs-am-kwak'. ni-sinsk' chel nekwt kSs-am- kwak'. f ni-sinsk' chel nis k6s-am- \ kwak'. un-kwa-tatkw' k6s-am-kwak'. pit-wam-kwak'. I First (first place), First (first time), Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, ORDINAL NUMBERS. tiim-ke'-we. am-skwa-se'-we. ni-se'-we. no'-ho-we'-we. ne'-u-we'-we. na-ne'-we. ka-ma'-tchi-ne'-we. lu-i'-kun-uk-ke'-we. o-ka-mul'-tchi-ne'-we. e s-k wu-n a'-tek-n e'- w e. un-kwi-tinsk'-ke-ke'-we. kwa-tan'-ko-we'-we. ni-san'-ko-we'-we. iin-san'-ko-we'-we. ne-w an '-ko- w e'- we . na-nan'-ko-we'-we. 52 Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth, Twentieth, Thirtieth, Fortieth, Fiftieth, One-half (in quantity), One-half (after divided), One-half (in length), A part (in quantity), A part (in length). All, Some, None, A piece, ka-ma'-tchin ke-san'-ko-we'- we. lo-i-kiin-iik ke-san'-ko-we'- we. o-ka-mfil'-tchin ke-san'-ko- we'-we. f es-kwii-na'-tSk ke-san'-ko-we'- (. we. n i-sin sk'-ke-ke'- we, Qn-sinsk'-ke-ke'-we. ne-winsk'-ke-ke'-we. n a-n in sk'-ke-ke'-we. e-pa-se'-u. e-pa-se'. e-pa-se'-u kwe-ne'-ik. o-tchi-mi'-lin. po'-ke. iim-si'-u. ke-kesk'-mi'-Hn. ka-ta'-ma. po-ke-ya'-sis. NUMERAL ADVERBS. Once, Twice, Thrice, Four times, Five times, Six times. Seven times. Eight times. Nine times. Ten times. Eleven times. Twelve times, Thirteen times. Fourteen times, pes-kwiin-kes'. ni-si-kSs'. ni-hi-kes'. ne-u-k6s'. na-ni-kes'. ka-ma'-tchin-kes'. lu-i'-kun-iik-kes'. o-ka-mul'-tchin-kSs'. es-kwu-na'-tgk-kes'. lin-kwe'-tinsk-kes'. kwa-tan'-ko-kes'. ni-san'-ko-kes'. iin-san'-ko-kgs'. ne-wan'-ko-kes'. S3 Fifteen times, Sixteen times, Seventeen times, Eighteen times, Nineteen times. Twenty times, Thirty times. Forty times, Fifty times, I na-nan'-ke-san'-ko-kgs'. ka-ma'-tchin ke-san'-ko-kes'. lo-i'-kun-uk ke-san'-ko-k6s'. o-ka-mul'-tchin ke-san'-ko- kgs'. es-kwii-na'-tek ke-san'-ko- kes'. ni-sins'-kes. un-sins'-kes. ne-wins'-kes. na-nins'-kes. MULTIPLICATIVES. Two-fold, Three-fold, Four-fold, Five-fold, Six-fold, Ten-fold, Twenty-fold, Fifty-fold, ni-si-kes' kgs'-iin. ne-hi-kes' k6s'-un. ne-u-kes' kes'-iin. na-ni-kes' kes'-Qn. ka-ma'-tchin-kes' kes'-un. lin-kwe'-tins-kfis' kes'-un. ni-sins'-kes kes'-un. na-nins'-kes kes'-iin. DISTRIBUTIVES. One to each, Two to each, Three to each, Four to each, Five to each, Six to each. Seven to each, Eight to each, Nine to each. Ten to each. Eleven to each. Twelve to each. Thirteen to each, pi-pes'-kwiin. ni-nis'. ni-ne'-hi. ni-ne'-u. ni'-niin. i-ka-ma'-tchin. i-lu-i'-kiin-uk. i-o-ka-mul'-tchin. i-es-kwii-na'-tek. in-kwi-tinsk'. in-kwa-tan'-ko. i-ni-san'-ko. in-san'-ko. 54 Fourteen to each, i-ne-wan'-ko. Fifteen to each, i-na-nan'-ko. Sixteen to each, i-ka-ma'-tchin ke-san'-ko. Seventeen to each, i-lu-i'-kun-iik ke-san'-ko. Eighteen to each, i-o-ka-mul'-tchin ke-san'-ko. Nineteen to each, i-es-kwu-na'-tek ke-san'-ko. Twenty to each, i-ni-sinsk'. Thirty to each, in-sinsk'. Forty to each, i-ne-winsk'. Fifty to each, i-na-ninsk'. MEASURES. A span (thumb and little finger), iin-kwut'-o-pul-tche-ha'-so. A hand (long finger to first wrinkle > . , „ ^, . ^. > un-kwut-e -yu. on wrist), I •' From tip of long finger to elbow, -! kwQn-as'-kwip-tin-a-mus'- ( kwiin. A fathom (from tip to tip of long > , fingers), ^ un-kwut-on-ska -so. Half fathom, a-pa-son-ska'-so. Three-quarters fathom, ka-miis'-kwiin. One pace, el'-mel ki'-miik. Two paces, nis'-el-mel ki'-muk. Three paces, ni'-hi-el-mel ki'-muk. When describing distances travelled by water they used the bends of the river as units. One bend, un-kwut'-e-wam'-ke. Two bends, ni'-se-wam'-ke. Three bends, un'-se-wam'-ke. When describing distances travelled by land — through the woods — they used the distance in sight as a unit. One sight, kwa-piit'-mun. Two sights, nis-kwa-piit'-mun. Three sights, ni'-hi-kwa-piit'-mun. 55 DIVISIONS OF TIME. An hour, tti-pas-ko-ti'-ktin. A day (twenty-four hours), kwut-o-kii-ni'-u. Day, ki'-sok. The hours of the day, ^ tvi-pas-ko-ti'-kun-iil ki'-sok. Night, ni-pa'-yu. At night, ta-pok'. Dawn, to-ka'-piin. Sunrise, sa-ke-we'-he. Morning, os-pa'-si-wi'-u. Mid-forenoon, e-pa-si'-te. Noon, pas'-kwe. Afternoon, ki-si-pas'-kwe. Just before sunset, tiit'-kwe. Sunset, iin-ki'-he. Dusk, pil-wa-pe-ta'-so. Evening, wu-la-kwi'-u. Midnight, e-pa'-sit-po'-ket. To-day, pgm-kis'-kak. Yesterday, wu-la'-ko. Day before yesterday, kiit-e-ki-la'-ko. To-morrow, se-pa'-wgn-uk. Day after to-morrow, kut-e-ki-s6p'. One week, newkt-stin'-te. Many weeks, e-sun-te'-kil. The moon, ni-pauk'-sgt. A moon (in time), ki'-sos. One moon, pes-ki'-sos. ^. , ,, , ( um-skwa-se'-we e-pa-so'-sgt First half of moon, S , ■/ . ( ki-sos. , , ,, , ( tchus-le'-we e-pa-so'-set Last half of moon, i , ., ( ki-sos. A year, kwut-tchi'-kut-fm. Spring, si'-kwiin. Summer, ni'-piin. Autumn, tii-kwa-ki'-yu. Winter, po-ni'-yu. Leaf-budding time, pii-skwe'-pu-ki'-yu. S6 Leaf-falling time, Berry time, E^l-fishing time, Harvest time, Hunting time. One year, Two years, Three years, Four years, Five years, Six years, Now (adverb). Past time (adverb). Future time (adverb), Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, * First moon (December), Second moon (January), Third moon (February), Fourth moon (March), { me-twa-ki'-yu. e-to-tu-i'-sol-ti'-miik. kii-s6n'-htit'-in. ko-a'-kwi-ntk-hiit'-in. tum-kan'-tin. kwi:it-tchi'-ktit-un. ni-si'-kiit-un. tin-si'-kut-un. ne-wi'-kut-un. na-ni'-kQt-iin. ka-ma'-tchin ke-si'-kiit-un. tuk-ets'. kets-i-kan'. te'-pu-nuk. siin'-te (also) at'-la-sim-wi-ki'- sok (the day of rest), ki-sun'-te (day after Sunday), ni-o-lo'-kun (second working day), ni-hi-lo'-kiin (third working day), ne-u-lo'-kiin (fourth working day), ske-he-wa'-tukw. kii-tu-a-sGn'-te (day before Sunday). ' k'tchi'-ki'-sos (the long moon) ; (also) po-nam'-wi ki'-sos (frost-fish moon) ; (also) ni-pa'-yiim-mi-ham-ke'- wi ki^-s (Christmas moon) a-klo'-siim-wes'-it. a-pi-a'-tii-kfin (when spruce tips fall), tu-kwas-kwu'-ni ki'-sos (first spring moon). * Their year began with " the long moon." 57 Fifth moon (April), Sixth moon (May), Seventh moon (June), Eighth moon (July), Ninth moon (August), Tenth moon (September), Eleventh moon (October), Twelfth moon (November), Thirteenth moon, I ( .{ s 1 { pim-a-tiim'-u-i ki'-sos (egg- laying moon). si'-kwiin-i-me'-kwi ki'-sos (gaspereaux moon). ni'-pun-i ki'-sos (summer moon). lip-skwi' ki'-sos (feather- shedding moon). kep-wa'-tchi ki'-sos (moon in which the leaves begin to fall). mat'-si-u-tu'-hi ki'-sos (moose- calling moon). wi-ke'-wi ki'-sos (salmon- spawning moon). ku-a'-kwii-ni-ke'-wi ki'-sos (harvest moon). po-kwut'-nan-so-wi ki'-sos (bastard moon). PLACE NAMES. Anagance, Aroostook River, Bald Mountain, near Welsford, Beckaguimic River, Belisle Bay, Brandy Point, Burnt Hill Brook, Cain's River, Campobello, Chamcook, Clearwater, Cleuristic, Curry's Mountain, Eel River, Fredericton, { We-na-kan'-sek. Liis'-tukw. Am'-no-ke-kak-wus'-sit. A-pe-ktt-kwi'-mek. Pes-ke'-pak. Ke-pa'-kSm-e-we'-ik. Pes'-ki-o-mi-ni'-sis. Mik-ma'-we-wi-la-muk'-tiik, E-pak'-wit. Skam'-kuk. Pgs'-ki-o-mi'-nek. Ku-lu-si'-sek, Wi-tchi'-sis po'-tu-w&s. Sus-ko-wul'-ko (also) Ma'-ta-wam-ki'-tiik. Si-nan'-sis. S8 Grand Bay (St. John River), Grand Falls, Grand Lake, Grimross Lake, Harts' Island, Harrison's Island, Indian village above Fredericton, Indian village at Poi it Pleasant, Jemseg River, Kenebecasis Island, Kenebecasis River, Keswick River, Lepreaux Point, Lepreaux River, Long Island, Long Reach, Madawaska River, Magaguadavic River, Manawagonish Island, Maquapit Lake, Mataquac River, Mauger's Island, Meductic Fort, Meductic Rapids, Meduxnikeag River, Milkish, Miramichi River, Miramichi, North-west Branch, Mispec River (Micmac), Mispec River (Maliseet), Mistake Cove, Muniac, Munquart, Musquash Island, 5 Pd-kwi-te-pe'-k6k. Tchikt-siin-i'-kiip. K'tchi-kwis'-pam. ( Et-lim'-lats ( (or) Et-li-ni-ias'-tik. Ka-ke'-ki-o'-ten. E-pu-kun'-i-kek. E-te-nJt'-sis. Si-pa'-yik. A-jem'-sek. Wus-sus'. Ken-i-pi-ke'-sis. ^ No-kam-k£ts'-wuk 1 (or) No-kuni-ketch'-we. Kw6ns-kwi'-kun-niak-sus'-sit (also) Kwes-a-we'-yik (and) Wis'-i-tim-ki-wSs'. Skwa-kwa'-tik. K'tchi-men-ekw'. Sa'-siik-a-pe'-kek. Ma-ta-wes'-kak. Me-ki'-ka-te'-wgk. Ma-na'-wa-ko-nes'-6k. Me-kwa'-pak. Mak-te'-kwek. Nel-kwun'-kek. Me-.takw'-tek. Ek-we'-we-he'-tchok. Me-tSkw'-sun-i'-kek. A-mil'-kesk. Lus-tuk-o'-tchits. Mi-nel'-mi-na'-kiin. Mes'-pak. Miist-sa'-pi-ha. Ut-sa'-luk. Am-\vi'-nek. Op-mut-kwal'-tik. Ne-sa'-ken-its. 59 Musquash River, Nackavvick River, Nashwauk River, Nashwasis, Nerepis River, Oak Point Creek, Oromocto Lake, Oromocto River, Otnabog Lake, Partridge Island, Passamaquoddy Bay, Paticake, Pocologan, Pokiok River, Presque Isle River, Quaco (Micmac), Rushogornish, St. Croix River, St. John City, St. John Falls, St. John Harbor, St. John River, Salmon River (Grand Lake), Schoodic, Shiketehauk River, Sherwood Lakes, Sohogomock, South Bay (St. John River), Spring Hill Brook, Spoon Island, Taxis River, Temisquata Lake, Tennant's Cove, { Me-sak-as'-kw51. N^l-kwe-wi'-kfik. Nau'-tchu-wak (or) Na-wi'-tchi-wak. Nau-tchu-wajsis. Na-li'-pits. Ki-u-lat-ma'-k6k. Si-pun-a'-kik. ( We-la-mo'-k6t 1 (or) We-la-mok'-tuk. W6t-ne'-pak. Pii-kwek'-mik-hi'-kun. P^s'-te-mo-ka'-tek. Pat'-kik. ( Pek-i-ta'-kun 1 (also) Miin-Ss-sat'. Po'-ki-hak. P6s-ka-hi'-kiin. Ul-wa-ka'-kik. Ta'-si-ku-a'-nik. Kun-a-tauk'-tGk. ^ Me-na-kwes' 1 (also) 0-ten' (the town). Kopskw (the falls). Uk-wi-mot' (the harbor). Wu-las'-tukw. ( Tchi-niin'-pik ( (or) Tchi-minpw'. Sku'-tak. Si-ku-te-hak'. Po'-ka-te-ka'-t6k. Un-si-a'-ko-mok. A-ku-ma-kwi'-k6k. Hgk'-pa-hak. Em-kwa'-nis. Wa-mut'-kuk. Ta'-mas-kwa'-tat. Pis-ke-pa'-ka,-tchitch. 6o Tobique Rapids, Tobique River, VVagan River, Wagansis, Washadenioak, Wasis, A'-ki-ak-wap-skim-i'-kun. Ne-ku-wiit'-kok. Ha-wa'-kun. Ha-wa'-kun-iis-sis. Wa'-sit-um-o'-w^k. Ta'-si-ku-a-nik'-sis. (Words added to the the country.) Adieu, Auger, Awl, Axe, Axe-handle, Bag, Barn, Bedstead, Bed clothes, Beef, corned, Blanket, Bonnet, Book, Boots, Bracelet, Brass, Bread, Bread, hot. Bread, stale, Bridle, Bridge, Broom, Bullet, Cannon, Candy, WORDS OF RECENT ORIGIN. language since the luiropeans settled in a-ti-u, pi-miin-i'-kun. tchiis-a'-kiin. tiim-i-hi'-kun. tum-i-hi'-kiin-ak-tiikw'. mu-tuk'-wop. { ko-i-sik'-wam 1 (or) ku-o-sik'-wam. ku'-ot. ku-o-te'-yal a-so-ho'-nS,!. sar- e-we-ti^-kiin ku-o'-se. a'-so-hon. a-so'-su-iin. wik-hi'-kiin. — kot'-sQk. pi'-tu-ne. wi-sa'-wakw. hup-pan'. h&p'-sit hup-pan'. hup-pan'. nap'-lop. k\>us-uk'-was-kwa-ktin. tchi-ki-hi'-kiin. •._ k'tchi'-so-wan'. k'tchi'-pes-ko-hat' (also) su-ka-le'-siil. puk-u-i'-siik. { 6i Cap (or hat), Cap, percussion, Cat, Chair, Church, Chocolate, Clock, Clothes, Coat, Coffee, Coin, Comb, Cup, earthenware. Cup, tin. Dollar, Dress (gown), Dish, Ear-rings, Fan, Finger-ring, Fork, Gimlet, Girth, Gold coin, Gun (shot). Gun (single-barrelled). Gun (double-barrelled), Gun barrel, stock, butt, muzzle, breech, trigger, trigger-guard, lock, hammer, spring, sight. a-so -su-iin. o-ski-tchi-li'-kiin. pC-su'-is. ku-te'-pot. i-mi'-e-wik'-wam. po-ka'-nop. kul-ak'. ul-kwiit'-a-wa'-kiin-ul. pus-kwiis-as'. ka'-pe. man. nas'-ko-hon. tu-ap-wa'-kin. kwat'-sis. ku-ta-kes'-ok. ukw-te-wa'-ktin. wa'-lit. si-ku'-sa-ha'-niil. e-wa-se-ho'-so. na-sa-kwe-ta'-kun. mit-es'-ti-e. pi-miin-i'-kim-us'-sis. kiis-pi'-son. wi-sa'-wi man. pes-ko-hat'. nekwt-tak'-t6k. nis-ak'-tek. \vi-pak'-wik. lak-wem-hi'-kiin. ^wa-kwa'-nik. ^«-sa-kwa-ki'-hot. la-put'. 62 Hammer, Heaven, Hell, Hoe, Horse, House, Handkerchief, Ink, Interpreter, Iron, Jug. Kettle, iron. Kettle, tin. Knife, Knife, pocket. Lead, Loaf of bread. Mast-hoop, Match, friction, Milk, Mirror, Molasses, Money (coin). Money, gold, Money, paper, Money, silver, Necklace of beads, Necktie, Needle, Newspaper, Pail, Pan, baking. Pan, frying, Paper, Pen, Pepper, Picture, Pistol, mal-to'-sis. spum'-kik. pu- l;\n/-kik. la-ke-hi'-kiin. ha-has'. we-no-tcli.ik'-wam. kis-kwfp'. wik-hi'-kun-iip. an-ko-wat'-sum-it. til-nakw'. p!n-tchin-^kw§5', kat'-kok. wa-pa'-kos. mi-ko-ta'-nis. pe-ku-us-ke'-stis. skiil-onskw'. pti-kwa-si'-kun hup-pan'. mi'-ta-wa-kwa'-ma. hep' sit-hiip'-pon. me-lauks'. pi-no-tchak'-mat. mu-la'-siis. man. wi-sa'-wi man. pi-las'-kwi man. man'-i-e. pii-si'-ko-sun'. kus-kw2p'. kii-sa'-kat. a-kun-ot-ma'-kun-i pi'-laskw. si-pats'. tu-pan-ka'-kun. sis-lap'-skwe-ti'-kiin. pi'-laskw. wip'-hon. te-pu-sa-wa'-yul. e-wik'. lam-se-we'. 63 Plow, la-ke'-s;i-wa'-ktin. Powder, pfi-se'-u. Railroad, le'-lo-taiit'. Railroad car, kas. Railroad engine, wOn-ya'-kfln-ik. Ramrod, k'tchi'-tak-ku-se'-wi-hi'-kiin. Ribbons, sll-ki'-stil. Ritle, ds-wes-kwal'-kti-to'-nfik. Road, aiikvvt. Rum, pok-te-witsk'. Saddle, ha-has'- wi-kwut'-pot. Salt, sa-la'-we. School-house, no'-td-ke-ki-tik'-wam. c. . ( tttm-ip-no-ho'-niil Scissors, -< ' , . , , C (also) ti^i-si-ki-hi -kQn. Shade (made), a-ku-a-tu-hi'-kun. Shadow (formed by an animate | hu-tchu-tchauks'. object), ) Shadow (formed by an inanimate ) i, ' *xi. object), ) Shawl, sal. Sheep, htis'-ip. Shirt, a-tol-han'. Shoes, pu-kfis'-iin-uk. Shot, sip'-sis-we'-yal. Sickle, wak'-tchu-a'-ki-a'-stik. Silver coin, man'-i-e. Slippers, na-slas-ki'-t6k-wo'-tchik. Spoons, fim-kwa'-nuk. Steamboat, stim'-pot. Steel (for fire), sflk'-a-ha-piink-tchi-wak'-stip. Stockings, kiin-e-so'-nul. Stove, kii-sap'-skiit. Sugar (or molasses, when used for) , ^ i -/i ^ ° ^ ' y ma-kwun-hi -kun. sweetening), ) Table, tu-wi-pot'. Tea, ti. Telegraph wire, gl-na-kwa'-pis. 64 !^,T T""^"' «i-pe'-ke.he-ki1n nik'-wam. ""^^••'^^^' skwa-son'-tuk. ' '''" '^"l^ kwat'-sis. '^''" '^'^"'e, wa-pa'-kos. //" ^''''^^e' wa-pa'-ko-sa'-Ut. ' "•''^' pu-kik-si'-kiin. '''^•^^'<^co. tttn.-a'-we. '''■""■'*'-*"' pftltchi'-sttl. ''■'■""'*' la'-ska-hi'-kfln. ^'"^^'■^'"''^' a'-ku-a-tu-ho'-sot. ^^«t' pi-kaus'. ^^''' mis-tfikw'. ^'^^'^""g. mis-tii-kok'. ^''^';"' kyu-ta'-kwiis-ik o-ta-pa'-kQn. ,V^:''''"' tg-pi'-hi-ki-sos-sa'-kttm. ^^hip, i'.pis. Whip, horse, ha-has'-wi'-pis. ^'"«' me-kwa'-pak. PRONOUNS, ETC. ^» nil. Me, nil. We (you and I), ki'.|un_ We (more than two), ni'-lun. O"'"' ni'-lun." Us. ni'-lun. You (singular), kjl You (plural), l^i'.j^n. He (this person), nit. Him (this person), ^Qt He (that person), nut. Him (that person), ne'-kum. ^e""' ne'-kum. ^^e' ne'-kum. '^^ey* nikt (or) nitl. '^'^e'"' nikt (or) nitl. .65 It, nit. Its, "it-nit'. Mine (anything living), nil-nit'. Mine (anything dead), nil-nut'. Ours, ■ ni-lun-nit'. ■ kil-nit'. ne-kiini-nit'. ne-kiim-nit'. Yours, His, Hers, Theirs, nikt-nit'. Who, wen. Whom, wen. Whose, wen-nit'. Which, tan-yut'. What, kekw. Whatever, ta-ni-yap'. This, wat(or)yot. That, niit(or)nit. These, yokt (or) yotl. Those, yekt (or) yetl. All, um-si'-u. The whole, um-si'-u. Every, Each, A part of, po-ki'-u. Either, an-kwut-si'-u. None, um-si'-u. e-ta-si'-u. ses-mi -u. tak'-wen. Both, Any ta,n-ta-pokt'. Another, ku'-tuk. That other, nit-ku'-tuk. Such (like), e-li'-kuk. 66 PHRASES AND SENTENCES. FIRST SERIES. One man, One axe, Two men, Two axes, Three men. Three axes, Four men. Four axes, Five men, Five axes, Six men. Six axes, Seven men. Seven axes. One woman, • Three women, More than three women. Few women, Many women, All the women. One hat. Few hats, Many hats, All the hats, One leaf, All the leaves, One stone, All the stones. One dog. All the dogs, One arrow, All the arrows, Male dog. Female dog, { pSskw u-ski'-tap. pgs'-kwiin ttim-i-hi'-kiin, ni'-su-tik u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. ni'-sun-ol tiim-i-hi'-kun-iil. no-ho'-uk u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. nu-hun'-ol tiim-i-hi'-kun-ul. ne'-wiik u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. ne'-wun-ol tum-i-hi'-kun-iil. na-nu'-iik u-ski-ta'-pi-uk. na-nijn'-ol tum-i-hi'-kun-ijl. ka-ma'-tchin u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. ka-ma'-tchin tiim-i-hi'-kun-iil. lo-i'-kiin-iik u-ski-ta'-pi-iik. lo-i'-kiin-iik tiim-i-hi'-kun-ul. peskw e'-pit. no-ho'-uk e-pi'-tchik. e-pi-ha'-tchik. wa-kes'-wiik e-pi'-tchik. ktit-a-nakw'-su-iik e-pi'-tchik. iim-si'-u e-pi'-tchik. pgs'-kwiin a-so'-su-tin. wa-kes'-nol a-so-su-wiin'-iil, ka-ta-na'-kwiit-ol a-so-su- wiin'-iil. um-si'-u a-so-su-wiin'-iil. pes'-kwun mip. tim-si'-u mi'-pi-yul. pes'-kwiin pii-nap'-skw. iim-si'-u pii-nap'-skol. pes'-kwiin iil'-um-mus. um-si'-u iil-iim-u'-siik. pes'-kwiin pakw. um-si'-u pa'-kwi-ai. na-pe'-siim. skwes'-miis. 67 Male horse, i-yap' ha-has'. Female horse, hfiyl ha-has'. Male cat, na-pe'-kik\v pu-su'-is. Female cat, skwe'-kikvv pti-su'-is. Male deer, i-yap' hiit'-ok. Female de.'^r, heyl hut-ok. Male eagle, na'-pa-ha k'tchi-pla'-kiin. Female eagle, skwii-hes' k'tchi-pla'-kiin. This man, wiit u-ski'-tap. That man, niit u-ski'-tap. These men, yokt u-ski-ta'-pi-yuk. Those men, yekt u-ski-ta'-pi-yuk. This boy, wut u-ski-nu'-sis. T,, ^ 1 ( yekt ni'-su-uk u-ski'-nu-si'- Those two boys, -I ■' ( silk. This horse, wiit ha-has'. These horses, yokt ha-has'-wiik. This knife, yot mi-ko-ta'-nis. That knife, nit mi-ko-ta'-nis. These two knives, yotl ni'-sun-ol mi-ko'-ta-ni'-siil Those knives, yetl mi-ko'-ta-ni'-siil. T ^ ., ■ / -..u £ ^\ ( kun-iis-e'-ko-hol I am striking you (with fist), ] ,..,,„. / , , , # (. (or) nil kun-us-e -ko-hol.* I struck you, kun-iis-e'-ko-ho-lo'-pun. I will strike you, kun-iis-e'-ko-holts'. You are striking me, kun-iis-e'-kwii-hi. You struck me, kun-iis-e'-kwii-hi'-pun. You will strike me, kun-iis-e'-kwii-hits'. I am striking him, nii-se'-kwii-ha. I struck him, nii-se'-kwii-ha'-piin. I will strike him, nii-se'-kwu-hats'. You and I are striking him, ku-nii-se'-kwu-han. You and I struck him, ku-nu-se'-kwii-ha-no'-pun. You and I will strike him, kii-nii-se'-kwii-ha'-nuts. We (more than two) are striking him, ku-nu-se'-kwii-han, . ♦The separated pronoun is used only when it is to be emphasized. The literal translation of '•.'/// kUn-iis-ef -ko-hol" is "I, I, with my fist, am striking you." 68 I struck you often, nu-se'-ko-ho-lo'-pun mis-ki'-u. John, *Hu-sa'-wis. James, Jems. T^T,„ ^4.^ „i T f Hu-sa'-wis nu-se'-kwii-ha'- John struck James, i (. pun-ul Jem -sul. I am striking myself, nu-se'-ku-hos'. I struck myself, nij-se'-ku-lio-se'-ptin. I will strike myself, nu-se'-kii-ho-suts'. You are striking yourself, kii-nii-se'-ku-ho-si'-pun. You will strike yourself, ku-nii-se'-kii-ho-suts'. He is striking himself, lin-se'-ku-ho'-so. He struck himself, un-se'-kii-ho-so'-pun. He will strike himself, tin-se'-kia-ho-sots'. I was struck, nii-se'-ku-ho-ke'-pun. ,r J T , , f ku-nu-se'-kij-ho-ke'-pun-o'- You and I were struck, ■{ ^ (. piin. We were struck, nii-se'-kii-ho-ke'-pun-o'-pun. You were struck, kii-nu-se'-ku-ho-ke'-piin. They were struck, iin-se'-kwu-ha'-piin-ik. I am striking you (with a club), ku-tu'-ku-mul. I struck you, kii-tu'-ku-mo-lo'-pun. I will strike you, ku-tii'-kii-mults'. You are striking me, kii-tu'-ku-mi. You struck me, ku-tii'-kii-mi'-piin. You will strike me, ku-tu'-ku-mits. I am striking him, iin-tii'-ku-ma. I struck him, un-tii'-kii-) la'-pun. I will strike him, un-tii'-kii-mats'. You and I are striking him, ku-tii'-ku-man'. You and I struck him, kii-tu'-ku-man-o'-piin. ' You and I will strike him, kii-tu'-kii-man-iits'. We (more than two) are striking him, lin-tu'-ku-man'. We (more than two) struck him, un-tu'-kii-man-o'-pun. We (more than two) will strike him, iin-tii'-ku-ma'-nuts. *I have heard four Maliseet equivalents for the English name John, viz.: Hii-sa'-wis, //ti-sa\ Sa'-wis, and Sa-pa'-tis. Hii-sa' and Sa'-iuis are abbreviated forms of Hii-sa! -wis, and Sa-pa'-tis is an abbreviation of Hii-sa' -wis pa-tis'-ta, into which the Maliseets translate John the Baptist. Sapatis is usually written " Sebattis." 69 You (more than two) are striking him, You (more than two) struck him, You (more than two) will strike him, I struck you often, John struck James, -j I am striking myself, I struck myself, I will strike myself, You are striking yourself. You struck yourself. You will strike yourself. He is striking himself. He struck himself, He will strike himself, I was struck, We (you and I) were struck. You were struck, They were struck, I am kicking you, I kicked you, I will kick you, You are kicking me, You kicked me, I am kicking him, I kicked him. You and I are kicking him, You and I kicked him, You and I will kick him, We (more than two, but not the person spoken to) are kicking him. We (more than two, and including the person spoken to) are kick- ing him. We kicked him, We will kick him, He is kicking you and me, iik-tu'-kii-ma'-wa. uk-tii'-ku-ma-wa'-piin. lik-tu'-ku-mats'. ku-tii'-kii-mul-o'-pun mis-ki'-u. Hu-sa'-wis o-tii'-kii-nia'-piin-il J^m'-sul. iin-tu'-ku-mus'. un-tu'-kii-mu-si'-piin. iin-tu'-ku-mu-suts'. uk-tii'-kti-mus'. lik-tu'-ku-mu-si'-piin. lik-tu'-kii-mii-suts'. tu-kii-mii'-so. tu-kii-mu-so'-piin. tii-kii-mii-sots'. iin-tu'-ku-mu-ke'-pun. uk-tii'-ku-mu-ke'-pun-o'-pun. ku-tu'-ku-mu-ke'-pun. tu-ku-ma'-pun-ik. kii-tii'-ku-te'-kol. ku-tu'-ku-te'-kol-o'-piin. kii-tii'-ku-te-kolts'. ku-tu'-ku-te'-ku-i. ku-tii'-ku-te-ku-i'-pun. iin-tu'-ku-te-ku-a'. un-tu'-ku-te-ku-a'-piin. ti k-tu'-kii- te-ku-an ' . uk-tu'-ku-te-ku-a-no'-piin, uk-tu'-ku-te-ku-a-nuts'. un-tu'-ku-te-ku-an'. uk-tu'-kti-te-ku-an'. tik-tii'-ku-te-ku-a-no'-piin. uk-tu'-ku-te-ku-a-nuts'. ku-tut'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka-kon'. 70 He kicked you and me, He will kick you and me, He is kicking him and me, He kicked him and me, He will kick him and me, I kicked you often, John kicked James, I am kicking myself, I kicked myself, I will kick myself, You are kicking yourself. You kicked yourself, You will kick yourself. He is kicking himself, He kicked himself. He will kick himself, I was kicked. You and I were kicked. We (you and I) were kicked, We (they and I) were kicked, You were kicked. They were kicked, He is kicking us. He kicked us, He will kick us. He kicked us often, I am hungry. You and I are hungry. We are hungry, You are hungry, They are hungry, I was hungry, I will be hungry, John is hungry, I am eating ; eat (with me). Qk-tuk'-te-ka-ko-no'-ptin. kii-tu'-kii-te-ka-ko-nuts'. un-tut'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka-kon'. Qn-tiik'-te-ka-ko-no'-pun. un-tiik'-te-ka-ko-nuts'. f ku-tii'-ku-te-ko-lo'-pun (. mis-ki'-u. f Hii-sa'-wis o-tiik-te-ko-wa'- ( pttn-il Jem'-siil. un-tut'-li-tii-kti-te-kas'. un-tuk'-te-ka-si'-piin. un-tiik'-te-ka-suts'. uk-ii-tut'-li-tii-ki'-te-kas'. iik-u-tuk'-te-ka-si'-pun. tik-ii-tuk'-te-ka-suts'. tut'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka'-so. tu-ki'-te-ka-so'-pun. tii-ki'-te-ka-sots'. lin-tuk'-te-ka-ke'-pun. uk-tiik'-te-ka-ke'-piin-o'-pun. uk-tuk'-te-ka-ke'-pun-o'-piin. un-tiik'-te-ka-ke'-pun-o'-piin. uk-tuk'-te-ka-ke'-pun. tiik-i'-te-ko-a'-pun-ik. tik-u-tiit'-li-tu-ki'-te-ka-kon'. uk-u-tuk'-te-ka-ko-no'-pun . tik-u-tiik'-te-ka-ko'-nuts. uk-tuk'-te-ka-ko-no'-piin mis-ki'-u. un-kii-top', kii-to-pi'-pim. tin-ku-to-pi'-pun. kii-top'. kti-top'-wtik. un-kii-to-pi'-piin. un-kii-to-puts'. Hii-sa'-wis kii-to'-po. tin-mits' mits. { 71 I will eat (with you), I am eating bread, You and I are eating bread, We are eating bread, You are eating bread, They (two) are eating bread, iin-mit'-sjiits. fin-tCi-lu-lip' hup-pan'. itk-tu-tii-li-pi'-pun hiip-piln'. i^m-tii-tii-li-pi'-piin hi^ip-pAn'. lik-tii-tii-lip' hup-pan'. tii-li'-pu-iik hiip-pa'-niil. They(three or more) are eating bread, tii-li'-pol-tu-iik hup-pa'-niil. fm-tii'-tu-li-pi'-pun hiip-pa'-niil f lik-tii'-tu-li-pi'-pun-o'-pun I was eating bread. You and I were eating bread. We (three or more) were eating bread. You were eating bread. They were eating bread, John is eating bread, John is eating meat, John is eating mush, John is eating fish, David is eating soup. The horse is eating corn, The cow is eating grass, The bird is eating corn. The bird is eating wheat, I am thirsty, I was thirsty, I will be thirsty, Robert is thirsty. The horse is thirsty, I am drinking water, I was drinking water, I will drink water, Frances is drinking water, 72 { ( h lip-pin'. J iin-tu'-ti'i-li-pol-ti'-pun-o'-ptin I hup-pAn'. uk-u-tiit-li-pi'-pun hup-pin'. j tii-li'-pol-to'-piin-ik hup-pa'- ( niil. ( Hu-sa'-wis tii-li'-po hiip-pa'- { nul. Hii-sa'-wis tii-li'-po wi'-os. Hii-sa'-wis tii-li'-po lin-sa'-pdn Hu-sa'-wis tii-li'-po nii-me-se'. Ta'-pit tii-li'-po kii-sap'. ha-has' tii-li'-po pi-es-kiim'- tin-iil. co'-wos tii-li'-po um-ski'-ku-iil j sip'-sis tii-li'-po pi-es-kiun'- ( tin-iil. ( sip'-sis tii-li'-po i-kia-lis-kal'- 1 niil. un-ku-tu-wu -sum. iin-kii-tii-wiis-mi'-piin. iin-kii-tii-wii-siimts'. Lo'-pal kii-tii-wii'-siim-o. ha-has' kii-tii-wii'-siim-o. lin-tii-tii-lus'-iim sa-ma'-kwan. un-tii-tii-ltis-me'-piin sa-ma'- kwan. un-kii-to-siimts' sa-ma'-kwan. Plan-su'-e tii-lii'-sii-mo sa-ma'- kwan. - - ,-^. { The horse is drinking water, The cat is drinking water, I am talking, I was talking, I will talk, You were talking, He is talking, Stephen is talking, I am crying, I was crying, I will cry, You were crying, He is crying, Michael is crying, I am singing, I was singing, I will sing. You were singing. He is singing, Francis is singing, I am shouting, I was shouting, I will shout, You were shouting. He is shouting, Francis is shouting, I am whispering, I was whispering, I will whisper, You were whispering, We are whispering, x He is whispering, Joseph is whispering, I am laughing, I was laughing, I will laugh. ( ha-has' tii-lii'-sii-mo sa-ma'- ( kwan. j pii-su'-is tQ-Iii'-su-mo sa-ma'- i. kwan. tin-tu'-tu-le-wgst'. tin-tii'-tii-le-wgs-to'-piin. iin-tu'-tu-le-wes-tuts'. iik-tii'-tu-le-wes-to'-pun, tii-le-wes'-to. A'-ti-an tii-le-w6s'-to. un-tu -tu-lu-tem. iin-tii'-tii-lii-te-mi'-piin. iin-sa-se-te'-miits. tik-tu'-tu-lu-te-mi'-pun. tul-te'-mo. Mi'-sgl tul-te'-mo. iin-tu'-tu-lint'. un-tu -tu-lin-to -pun. fm-tu'-tii-lin-tiits'. tik-tii'-tu-lin-to'-pun. tii-lin'-to. Plin'-su-e tii-lin'-to. iin-mas'-kwu-lam'. un-mS-s'-kwii-la-mi'-piin. tin-mas'-kwii-la-muts'. uk-u-mas'-kwu-la-mi'-piin. mas-kwii-Ll'-mo. PlSn'-su-e mas-kwii-la'-mo. tin-ki'-kim-was'. un-ki'-kim-wa-si'-p&n. un-ki'-kim-wa-siits'. uk-ki'-kini-wa-si'-piin. iik-ki'-kim-wa-si'-piin. ki-kim-wa'-so. So'-sep ki-kim-wa'-so. lin-sik-te'-lum. un-sik-tel-mi'-pun. . un-sik-tel-iimts'. 73 You were laughing, We are laughing, He is laughing, Andrew is laughing, I am smiling, I was smiling, You were smiling, He is smiling, Lawrence is smiling, I am walking, I was walking, I will walk. You were walking, He is walking, Mary is walking, The child is creeping. The cloud is drifting, The cloud is flying (moving fast), Thomas is whistling, Louisa is running, Hannah is jumping, Gabriel is jumping over a log. The horse is walking, The horse is running, The horse is jumping over a log, The crow is flying. The snake is crawling. The fish is swimming. The dog is barking, The horse is neighing. The eagle is screaming. The frog is croaking, The bee is humming. My horse is black. Your horse is white, tik-sik-tel-mi'-ptin. lik-sik-tel-mi'-piin. sik-tel'-mo. A'-tii-le sik-tel'-mo. tin-o-lfim-wi-kw^s'. iin-o-lum-wi-kw6-si'-piin. ttk-o-lum-wi-kw^-si'-piin, wii-liim-wi-kw^'-so. Lo'-la wii-lum-wi-kwe'-so. lin-piim-os'. im-pum-o-se'-piin. un-piim-o-suts'. iik-ptim-o-se'-pun. pii-mo'-se. Ma'-li pii-mo'-se. wa'-sis pii-ina-pe'-ko. a'-lok pii-mi'-he. ' a'-lok ku-si-ka'-wi-he. To'-ma kwi'-ku-so. Lu'-is kwaskw'-ho. Ha'-nis tiil-tiikw'-ho. ^ Kap-li'-Sl ku-skwit-tukw'-ho I ko-wSs'-nol. ha-has' pii-mo'-se. ha-has' kwaskw'-ho. f ha-has' ku-skwit-tukw'-ho 1 ko-wis'-nol. ka-ka'-kos pu-mi-tu'-i-he. at-ho'-sis pij-ma-tiik'-i-he. nii-mfis' pu-ma'-mi-he. iil'-um-us o-ki'-le. ha-has' mii-te-tauk'-so, k'tchip-la'-kun ses'-kwe. a-ta-k6I'-muskw mii-te-tauk'- { so. am'-wSs miit-i-a'-mo. un-tu-h&s'-on mii-ku-se-we'-u. uk-tu-hcls'-on wa-pe'-yu. 74 My knife is large, Your knife is small, His knife is siiarp, Peter's knife is dull, It is dull (times), Our wigwam is old, Your wigwam is new. Their wigwams are small, Their wigwams are large, Our horses are here. Your horses are gone, Their horses are gone, My hat is here, Your hat is here. This is my hat, This is his hat. These are my horses. These are your horses, Whose cow is this ? This is my cow, Whose horse is this ? This is his horse, Whose dog is this? This is Paul's dog. Whose bow is this ? This is his bow. Whose arrow is this? This is my arrow. Whose knife is this? This is my knife, Whose hat is this ? This is your hat, lin-mi-ko-ta'-kun nfl-krim-ki'- kwun. lik-mi-ko-ta'-kun op-su-ki'- kwiin. o-mi-ko-ta'-kun ku-si'-kl-hin. Pi'-61 o-mi-ko-ta'-kim mii- tchi'-kl-hin. kii-sii-pc'-yu. ni'-kun liii-ka-ne'. ki'-ku-a pi-le'. wi'-ku-wal ap-sii-ki'-kwu-nol. wi'-ku-wal na-tu-mii-ki'-kwii- nol. un-tu-ha-so'-nu-iik i-yul'-tu- lik yiit. uk-tti-ha-so'-muk ma'-tche-h6k o-tu-ha'-som-wak' ma'-tche- h5k. un-ta-so'-su-iin i'-yu ytit. uk-ta-so'-su-un i'-yu ytit. yiit im-ta-so'-su-un. nit o-ta-so'-su-un. yokt nil lin-tu-ha-so'-miik. yokt kil lik-tu-ha-so'-muk. wen yutl o-ko-wo-so'-mtil. nil wait lin-ko-wo'-son. wen yutl o-tii-ha-so'-mul. yutl o-tu-ha-so'-miil. wen u-te-mi'-siil. Pal yutl u-te-mi'-siil. wen yut u-ta-ta'-pi-yiil. yut u-ta-ta'-pi-yul. wen yut o-pakw'. nil yut un-pakw'. w£n yut o-mi-ko-ta'-kiin. nil yut lin-mi-ko-ta'-kun. wen yut o-ta-so'-su-iin. kil yut uk-ta-so'-su-un. 75 Which is your horse ? Which is your coat ? Which is your father ? Wiiich is your mother? Which is your arrow? Who stole my horse ? Jack stole my horse, I have a dog, You have a clog, He has a dog. You and I have horses. We have horses, How many dogs have you ? How many horses have you ? How many arrows has Jack ? He has a horse, I have a gun, We have guns, I have a hat, They have hats, When did you eat ? When did you drink ? When will he arrive ? Where is my whip ? Here is your whip, Where is my coat ? Your coat is here. The book is here. The book is there, Where is the horse ? ta'-no-wQt ttk-tii-ha'-son. ta'-ni-yot o-tup'-skwuns. ta'-no-wiit kfi-mi'-tauks. ta'-no-wut ki'-ko-wus. ta'-ni-yot kii-p-lkw'. ( wen ke-mo-tu-na'-lat un-tti- ( ha-so'-nuil. ( Hfi-sa' o-kfi-mo-tu-na'-lat i^m- ( tu-ha-so'-mul. ftn-ti-yu'-wa ul'-um-us. lik-ti-yu'-wa ni'-rim-us. o-tiyu'-wal ui-iim-u'-sul. ( ki'-lun kii-ti-yu-wa'-nu-wiik ( ha-has'-wuk. ( tin-ti-yu-wa'-nu-wiik ha-has'- ( wiik. ( kgs-wfik ul-fMn-u'-suk e-yu- (. wut'-chik. ( kes-wiik ha-has'-wijk e-yu- ( wut'-chik. i, kes'-o-mu! o-pak'-wi-yul e-i'- t tchil Hii-sa'. o-ti-yu'-wa ha-ha'-su. un-ti'-yin pes'-ko-hat. ( fm-ti'-yin-nu'-iil pes-ko-ha'-ti- t yiil. iin-ti'-yin a-so'-su-wun. o-ti-yin'-i-yiil a-so-su-wii'-ntil. ta-yu-ek' kiim-il'-sips. ta-yu-gk' kii-tos'-mips. ta-yu-we'-kiits pu-kiit-si-ke'. ta-ma-hi'-yu ian-ti-pi'-sim. yut iik-ti-pi'-sim. ta-ma-hi'-yu un-tiip'-skwuns. uk-tup'-skwiins i'-yu yut. wik-hi'-kun i'-yu yut. wik-hi'-kun i'-yu nit. ta-ma-hi'-yu ha-has'. Where is the clop ? Wliere is tlie camp ? I am colli, You were cold, He will be cold, [ am warm, Voii were warm, He will be warm, I am tall. You were tall. The boy will be tall. The tree is tall, The horse is high, The house is high. The rock is high. The horse is large. The horse is small, The hat is large, A high hill, A high mountain. The hill is high, The hill is low. The mountain is high, The mountain is low. It rains now. It rained yesterday. It will rain to-morrow. It snows now. It snowed yesterday. It will snow to-morrow. It hails now, It hailed yesterday, It will hail to-morrow, It is cold now, It was cold yesterday, It will be cold to-morrow, ta-ma-hi'-yu fil-iim-us'. ta-ma-hi'-yu wik'-wam. lin-ko-wiUs'. ko-wiit-chi'-ptm. ko-wtit-sots'. untrip-miilts'. uk'-u-tiip-muit-si'-pun. uk-mult-sots'. un-pi'-ten-skiis'. lik-pi'-ten-skiis'. u-ski-nu'-sis pi'-ten-sktts-ots'. hiip'-pus pi-tauk'-so. ha-has' spo'-se. j we'-no-tchi'-ko-wam spi-ka- i ni'-yu. pii-nap'-skw sp^lps'-ke. ha-has' nu-kum'-kil. ha-has' hap'-sii-kil. a-so'-su-wiin nu-kum-ki'-kwun spa'-ke. spu'-tu-ne. pem-a'-kek spe'-yu. p2m-a'-kgk tchi-ne'-yu. pem'-tu-nek spe'-yu. pem'-tu-nek tchi-ne'-yu. cijm-i'-wun tu-kets'. ciim-i'-wiin-o'-pun wii-la'-ko. ciim-i'-wiints se-pa'-wun-ok. pti-san' tii-kets'. pii-sa-no'-piin wu-la'-ko. pu-sa'-ntits se-pa'-wun-ok. sikw-he-wi'-u tii-kets'. sikw-he'-wi-wo'-piin wu-la'-ko. ( sikw-he'-wi-wiits' se-pa'-wun- t ok. tii-ke'-yu tii-kets'. tii-ke-yo'-piin wu-la'-ko. tii-ke-yots' se-pa'-wun-ok. 77 It is warm now, wii-tfl-ku-ne'-yo tfi-kets'. It was w.inn yesterday, wii-tu-ku-Me-yo'-pim wu-hi'-ko. ,. •11 1 . f wii-tri-ku-ne-yols' se-pa'-wftn- It will be warm to-morrow, •< , ' "^ ( ok, The north wind blows, la-te-kwfis'-ftn-i wtt-tchau'-sttn. rr., .L • 1 • 1 1 • M la-tc-kwCs'-rnvi wCt-lchau'-sun The north wind is l)lowinK now, < *• ' ( tu-kets'. The west wind was blowing yester- r ski-a'-siin-i wi'i-tchau'-siin-o'- day, I pan wu-la'-ko. The south wind will blow to- t sau-nO'-stin-i wfl-tchau'-stin- inorrow, \ uts se-pa'-wun-ok. I am tiirowinfj a stone, iin-tfii-a'-kAn pw-nap'-skvv. . , , ( un-lul-a'-kcl-ne'-|.iun pu-nap'- I threw a stone, ■< , i i i (. skw. I will throw a stone, lin-tfil-a'-ka-niits pii-nap'-skw. ., , 1- 1 1 ^u 5 f kes-nos'-piin-il pfi-nap'-skiil How many stones did he throw ? ■< ,,,,,.; ' ( he-la-ke-tchil. „,, ,.,,,, , \ kekw-se-\ve'-tchi-la-kc'ts' pti- Why did he throw a stone ? "S , , ( nap -skw. I am throwinji; a club, iin-tiil-a'-kin hup'-pus. I threw a club, iiii-t(il-a'-ka-ne'-pun hiip'-oiis. I will throw a club, lin-tiil-a-kftnts' hiip'-pus. „ 1 I !• 1 1 u 1 5 kes-nos'-piin-il Iiup-piis'-i-yQl How many clubs did he throw? < ,,,,.., ^ (. he- a-ke'-tchi . „,, ,.,,,, 1 1 i ( kekw-se-we'-tclii-la-kcts' htip'- Why did he throw a club : i ^ . C pus. TT • ^^- II.. ^1 .. ui f o-po'-no-niun ota-so' He IS putting Ins hat on the table, i . ... ^ " ( tu-i-po'-lik. pus. '-su-fin po ■■ f o-po'-no-niunts' o-ta-so'-su-tin He will put his hat on the table, -^ . , ., ' ( tu-i-po-tik. ,, Ml t I 4. 4.U * ui f uk-po'-no-nuints' iik-ta-so'-su- You will put your hat on the table, ^ f . , ., ( un tu-i-po -tik. . .,, ^ u .. 4.U . ui f un-po'-no-munts' un-ta-so'-su I will put my hat on the table, i j . , ., ^ ^ ' ( tin tu-i-po'-tik. He is putting his hat under the r o-po'-no-miin' o-ta-so'-su-iin table, I pi-ti-wi'-u tu-i-po'-tik. He will put his hat under the r o-po'-no-munts' o-ta-so'-su- table, (tin pi-ti-wi'-u tu-i-po'-tik. ^. „ ..^ , .... ^ - You will put your liiit under the j iik-po'-no munts' fik-ta-so-su- tiililo, ( iiti pi-ti-wi'-u tu-i-po'-tik. < un-po'-no-inrints' Cin-ta-so'-su- I will inil my liat under tlie table, -> , •.••'»• ' »i ' •' ( fin pi-ti-wi -u tu-i-po-tik. He is putting his knife in his ^ o-pi-se'-tnn o-tni'-ko-ta'-kiin pocket, j o-pit-so-na'-kun-uk. ( (j-pi-se-lunts' o-nii'-ko-ta'-kun He will put his knife in his pocket, < . / 1 - -i ' ^ ( o-pit-so-na -kun-uk. You will put your knife in your i ku-pi-se-tonts' kii-mi'ko-ta'- pocket, ( kun ku-pit-so-na'-kun-uk. , ( un-pi-se-lonts' un-mi'-ko-ta'- I will put my knife in my pocket, -> ... •, ,,..,, ' -^ ^ ^ ( kun un-pit-so-na -kun-uk. The deer is standing; in the bushes, hu-tok' se'-ke la-mi-pi'-sukw. < u-ski'-tilp te-sa'-kwi ka'-pu The man is standing on a log, 'i • / - i *' "^ ( ko-a-sun-ok. , ( tii-mi-lii'-kim hu'-te kii-ta'-kfi- I he axe is ( ying) on the ground, -s , , , ■^ " (. me -kok. The whip is yi»g) under the ^ e'-pis hu'-te pi-ti-wi'-u tu-i-po'- table, The horse is on the hill, The horse was on the hill, The horse will be on the hill, The awl is under the hide, The awl was under the hide, The awl will be under the hide, The camp is near the river, The camp was by the river, The camp will be by the river, A stick floats on the water, A stone sinks in the water. An arrow floats on the water. i tik. ha-has' i'-yu kwe'-kwa-ki'-u. \ ha-has' i-yo'-pun kwe'-kwa- 1 ki'-u. ( ha-has' iit-si'-ots kwe'-kwa- 1 ki'-u. tch^s-a'-kun i'-c-la-me'-u mS- ( tch^s-a -kun i ( te'-kun-ok. ^ tches-a'-kiin i-o'-pii'in-la-me'-u I mg-te'-kun-ok. \ tches-a'-kun i'-ots-la-me'-u 1 mfi-te'-kun-ok. wik'-wam siin-o'-te. wik'-wam siin-o-te'-pfin. wik'-wam sun-o-tets'. j htip'-piis pum-ku-ho'-ke sa- ( ma-kwa'-nek. j pu-nap'-skw ke-ta'-pe-ha sa- ( ma-kwa'-ngk. j pakw piim-ku-ho'-ke sa-ma- 1 kwa'-nek. 79 . , . ,, ^ \ pes-ko-hat ke-ta -pe-ha sa- A gun sinks in the water, < ' , , v, C ma-kwa-nek. I see a deer, nu'-mi-ha hiit'-tok. , , ( o-nu'-mi-ha ni-san'-ko hut-to'- He saw twelve deer, < C kuk. .,, , , ■ ( ku-nii'-mi-ha-kets' ni-san'-ko You will see twelve deer, ■{ , ,, ^, ( hut-to-kuk. ^ , . ( no'-tu-a ti'-te-kiil nie-te-tauk'- I hear a cat-owl crying, < ( sit. ,,,.,, , . ( Kat'-lin u-ski-ta'-pi-iil no'-tu- Catherme heard a man shouting, < , ,. ,.,.,,., (. al mas -k\va-la-mi-li -tchil. I will go to St. John, un-tii-li-hets' Me-na-kw6sk'. He went to St. John, ii-li-he'-pun Me-na-kwesk'. ^ .,, r. T 1 • 1 T 1 ( lin-tu-li-hets' Me-na-kwesk' I will go to St. John with John, ■< ^^„ , . ^ -^ •* ' ( Hii-sa'-wis. I will go to St. John with my ( iin-tii-li-hets' Me-na-kwesk' father, ( lin-mi-tauks'. I will go with my father to St. r un'-tii-li wit-se-wats' lin-mi- John, ( tauks' Me-na-kwesk'. ^ .„ . , ,, , , ( un'-tu-li wit-se-wats' Ma'-li I will go with Mary to ner home, -i ., , „, ° (. wik-uk. ' ".. ^ ... • , r .1 < un-ma'-tche wit-se-wats' Gn- I will go away with my father, -j • v / , .,, , r T 1 S un-ma-tche-hats' ttimk-ka'- I will go away before John, ■< ^„, ,,, , . ^ -^ J ' ( tuk Hu-sa-wis. , .„ r , , ( no'-tchi-ma-tche-hats' a-sit'- I will start after John starts, ■< , / ., tt- / • •^ ( ka-tiik Hii-sa -wis. .,, ^ , , ( no'-tchi-ma-tche-hats' a-sit'- I will start after my father starts, ■< , /,v, . •. i / (. ka -tuk un-mi-tauks . un'-pum-iim-kwa'-lats un-ta- ha'-sum. o-ptim-iim-kwa-la'-piin-il un- sum-iil. I will ride my horse, -j xj J u- 1 5 o-ptim-ii He rode his horse, i \ t. / {. ta-na ,. , , . , , . , , ( kgk-we-tchi-skat' miim-kwa- Why did he not ride his horse ? ■< , ,, . , / „ ., (la -kwus o-ta-ha -sum-ul. I will ride him, iin-pum-um-kwa'-lats ne'-kiim. ^ .„ . , „ , , S iin-tul-tim-kwuts' Me-na- I will ride to St. John, -j u ^ -i,' 8o The knife is broken, The arrow is broken (off), The canoe is broken. The paddle is broken (off), The egg is broken, The axe is broken, I will shoot a deer if I see one. The dog will bite you if you kick him, I will sleep if you will be quiet, I am angry because you struck me, I will go (to my) home when my horse is caught, I will kill the man who stole my horse. The horse threw the boy, That horse will throw you, I will ride the horse that threw the man, What is it ? Who is it ? Who are they ? What is the name of this ? What is that man's name ? I have a hat on. You have a hat on. You have a shirt on. He has moccasins on, We live at St. John, They live at St. John, I me-ko-ta'-nis we-ke'-yu. pakw tii-me'-yu. huk-wi'-ttin we-ke'-yu. o-tu-ha'-kun tii-me'-yu. wa'-wun skwus-ke'-yu. tu-mi-hi'-kun piik-we'-yu. Qn-pSs-kats' hut'-tok nun-i- hok' pgskw. ul-um-us-sits' kiip-uk-ke'-lukw tii-ki'-te-ko-wut'. un-ko'-wiits wan-tu-kti-pi'-yiin. j nil no-kai' i-pQt-sur kil ( ki-ti-kum'-i. J lin-mat-su-hats' ni'-kuk ( um-sun-ot' un-ta-ha'-son. f ne-pa-hats' u-ski'-tap ke'-mo- ( tun-um-it' iin-ta-ha'-so-mul. ( ha-has' o-pii-nekw'-te-si'-mal ( u-ski'-nu-si'-sul. j niit ha-has' pii-nekw-te-si'- ( miikwts. nil'-iits un-pum-iim-kwa-lats' ha-has' niit pu-nekw'-te-si- mat'-piin u-ski-ta'-pi-yiil. kekw'-se. wen. we'-nik. kekw'-se li-wi-sii-wi'-yu yiit. ( kekw'-se nut u-ski'-tap ( li-wi'-so. lin-pus'-ku-mun a-so'-su-iin. ku-pus'-kii-mun a-so'-su-un. ku-pus'-ko-a ha-tol'-han. ne'-kum pus-kiim'-nul m'cus'-nul. iin-wi-ki'-pun Me-na-kwesk'. ne'-kiim-an wi'-ko-wuk Me-na-kwesk'. 8i , ,. . ( mi'-ko wi'-ko la-me'-yu The squirrel lives in a tree, i , „ ^ , .. ^ ( hup-pus-ik. The bear lives in the woods, mu'-in wi'-ko kii-tchi'-kok. . , . , ( po-ni'-u niu'-in wi'-ko In winter the bear lives in his den, ■< mii-skwik-wa'-niuk. ought to sit down because. > , „ yoi You ought to sit down because. ) , „ ^. , . . „. ^i/,so'^h., ^ r ku-tup -up i-put-sul kus -pun. you are tired, ) ( ka'-te no-lam'-sut mo'-wiin I do not believe what he says, -\ •' t"k I go, nat'-si. I am going to, na-tchi'. I am going a-hunting because I am f na-te-pa-mus' i-put-sul' hungry, ^ un-kut-op'. I will go a-hunting a deer, na-tchi' ku-to'-niil-a hut-tok'. ( na-tchi' kii-to'-nul-ak I will go a-hunting rabbits, | ma-tu-kwes'-sok. I will go a-hunting spruce par- J na-tchi' kii-to'-nul-ak tridges, 1 mii'-tchi-e-sok'. ( na-tchi' kii-to'-nul-a I will go a-hunting an eagle, | k'tchi-pla'-kun. ( ke-ku-we'-tchi-skat' mit Why did you not eat ? | ^j_^,_^. ^ ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat' kiit-os' mi-u'-nus. Why did you not go (to your) ( ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat' ma-tche- home ? 1 ha'-nus ki'-kuk. , ( ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat' miin-u- Why did you not buy a horse when \ , ... u i / ■' ■^ „ , ^ < hau-tus ha-has e-i-yun you were at St. John ? ^ Me-na-kwesk'. Why did you not go (to your) j ke-kii-we'-tchi-skat' ma-tche- home yesterday ? \ ha'-niis ki'-kiik u-la'-ko. , ( ta'-yu-ek kii-ma'-tche-haps When did you go (to your) home ? -j u-'u^u He is coming (to his) home, sku-wi'-he wi'-kuk. He came (to his) home, pii'-kiit-si-he' wi'-kuk. He will come (to his) home, pii'-kiit-si-hets' wi'-kuk. Let him go (to his) home, iil'-li-hats wi'-kiik. ( lin-tu-kwe'-tchim-ko'-pun He asked me to eat, i ^ .., . (. un-mit-s.n. Why did you not drink ? -j I will ask him to eat, I asked you to eat, I will ask you to eat, I am standing and looking, He was standing and looking, I am sitting and eating. He was sitting and eating. He was standing and holding a He held a gun. He pointed a gun, He was standing and pointing a The boy was crying and eating, John is walking and whistling. { ( lin-tu-kwe'-tchi-mats' (. o-mit'-sin. kti-tii-kwe'-tchim-lo'-pun kii-mit'-sin. kii-tu-kwe'-tchi-miilts' kii-mit'-sin. lin-sek' un-tii-lap'. se-ke'-piin la-po'-pun. tin-tap' iin-tii'-tu-lip. hup-o'-piin tu-le-po'-piin. se-ke'-piin kwul-num-ne'-pun pes-ko-hat'. o-kiil-niim-ne'-piin pSs-ko-hat'. ( o-tii-likw-sen'-miin-e'-piin ( pes-ko-hat'. j se-ke'-piin o-tii-likw'-so-ho'- ( tiin pes-ko-hat'. u-iiki-nu'-sis tiil-te-mo'-ptin mit-so'-pun. Hii-sa'-wis mo-se'-pun kwi-kwiis-o'-pun. { 83 PHRASES AND SENTENCES. SECOND SERIES. Hail, Good morning, Good evening, Good night, Good-bye, Can you talk Indian language ? Yes, a little. Where are you from ? Where do you live ? Is it from there that you have come What is the news ? How are you? I hope you are well. Are your people well ? They all are well. How is your wife ? She is well. She is sick, She is getting better. She is getting worse, She is about the same, Are you awake ? I am awake. What o'clock is it ? What time is it ? Get up. It is time to get up. It is time you were up, This is a cold night, This is a cold morning. This is a cold day, It is cold. It is very cold, * kwe' (or) kwe'-i. wu-li'-spa-sakw'. wu-la-kwi'-u. wu-lit'-po'-kwSt. a-ti'-u. ki'-si o-skit'-sin no-wa'-tu. a-ha'-ha ka-kesk'. to-ma-ko'-tchi. to-mak'-wik. ? nit wult-si-ha'-yiin. tan-u-li' ta'-kwit. tan-tu-kli-we-le'-yiin. pe'-kwi-nakw-si'-yiin. ku-si-wi'-Qk wu-le'-yul-tu'-tik. iim-si'-u wu-le'-yul-tu'-uk. j tan o-tu-le'-yun ku-ni-si-wi'- ( akw. wu-le'-yun. ku-si-no'-ka. pii-mi'-wo-le'-yun. pu-mi-tche'-li-ha. pes-kwun'-te-a-le'-yit. kos'-pas. nos'-pas. ke-sa'-tchi-ha. tan-tut-se'-yu. niim'-ches. kis-wu'-li-he ku-num-tchi'-sin. kis-wu'-li-he ku-num'-tchi-sin' tu-kit'-pok-wet'. ■ tu-ki'-se-pa-wi'-yu. tu-ki-ki'-skiit. to-ke'-yu. wi-si'-ki to-ke'-yu. *The Maliseet salutation. 84 I am cold, I have a cold, Make a fire, Cook breakfast, Cook dinner. Let us cook dinner, It is time for us to cook dinner, j We are hungry, Are you tired ? I am tired, It is time to pack up, A back-load (a bundle carried on the back), A canoe, My canoe, My canoe leaks, I must mend my canoe, Jim is mending my canoe, He is mending my canoe. He knocked a hole in his canoe against a rock. He punched a hole in his canoe on a snag, Let us hurry, We will be late, Gum (of any kind). Rosin, Fat (of any kind). Canvas, We must start (go) at eight o'clock in the morning. We must go twenty miles. Where will we find a good spring of water ? Up river, iin-ko-wtits'. nut-sa'-lak. mu-tu-o'-to. spa-sakw'. pas-kwi-akw'. pas'-k wi-a-k we-si'-niits. kis-wu'-li-e pas'-kwi-a-kwe-si'- likw. ki-to-pi'-pin. nil'-na iin-kus'-piin. un-kus'-pun (or) nil kus'-pun. hii-ti-ne'-to wu-la'-pik, wi-yu'-sun. hiik-wi'-tun. iin-tul'. iin-tul' u'-tchi-e. tin-miis-na'-tul. Jgm mus-na'-to-le'-wiikw. iin-tiit'-li-un-sun-to-le'-wukw. f o-to-ta'-stun pii-naps'-kok 1 u-tol'. } } to-wi'-tiin. wi-wi-sa-i'-nSts. met-sa-i'-pents. puk'-o. pii-sek-mek'-sit. mi'-may. si'-pe-ke-he'-kiin. kii-tats'-wi-mat-se'-hi-i'-ptin o-ka-mul'-tchin a-tche-hak' spa-si-wi'-yu, kti-mat'-se-hi-i'-pun ni-sinsk' ke-so'-salt-kwSt'. ; ta'-nQts ut'-li mu-skiim'-iikw L kgl-wak' tu-kii-pgkw'. nu'-m-miik. 85 Down river, Soon, About two miles, I am thirsty, Give me a drink, Who wants a drink ? Let us land here to cook dinner. Put the traps aboard. All ready (they are ready), Now shove off, Give me a paddle, Where is my paddle ? You take a pole. Look out for a good place to stay all night, Is this place good ? This is a good place, Let us pitch the tent (of canvas), On the top of the bank. Further back from the shore, Pitch it just here, Bring it here. Fetch it. Get the tent-poles. Build the fire. Get the firewood, Chop more firewood, Is there as much firewood as we will burn to-night ? I am not sure. Give me more tea, if you please. Hand it to me, please, I papkw. ni-ka'-sa-yi'-u. ta'-ma-ha nis so-salt-kwfit'. Qn-kii-tu-wus'-sttm. mi'-lfn a-ltis'-mi. wSn ko-to-wiis'-mtit. ( yut uk-\va'-n6ts pas'-kwi-a- ( kwe-si'-niits. ta-pa'-u-ta-sol'-tik. ku-silt-so-wi'-wiil. na'-ha mi-la-wi'-ka-mon. mi'-lin u-ta-ha'-kiin. ta-ma'-nil nut-ha'-kiin. kil wik-wa'-lun ki-kom'-ka-hon. ( kil-ma'-p6t-ti'-muk kel-wak' ( kii-tu-wa'-not. ku-lu'-wut-i-e'-yot. yut ku-lo'-wiit. f li-kop-wa'-to-nets' si-pe'-ke- ( he-kun nik'-wam. ki-sa'-k\ve-o. kfi-so'-na met-ska'-pi-u. ( li-ko'-pa-wa'-to-nets yut (. wu-le-u'. pa'-tchipt. sku-wipt'. kii'-to-net hiap-piis-i-a'-kol. mu-tu-o'-to. ku'-to-n6t pi-u'-so-kol, ( lakw-ta'-miin mats pi-u'-so- t kol. ( ta-pi'-ha-tul pi-u'-so-kol a-ka- ( kwi-nakw-ta'-kil. ku-tun-pa-ki'-ta-ha'-tu-mun. ( mi'-lin mats tS li-wu-li'-tu-ha'- ( tu-mun. sku-et' wu-li'-tu-ha'-tii-mtin. 86 Go it while you are young, Are you married ? Is your husband dead ? How many children have you ? How many are boys ? At what sort of work are you employed ? Making baskets, Making moccasins, I am a clerk, I am writing, In an office, A merchant, A lawyer, A doctor, A priest, A minister, I am poor, I have no money, I am hungry, I feel weak, I am weak from hunger. Have you any money ? Give to me. Give me good luck. Give me a drink. Give me some money. Give me something to eat, I am thirsty, I will, I must, I can do it, •' I will try to do it. You can do it. Can he do it ? You must, - Can you ? i a-li-kw5n'-i-wa-sis wi'-iin. kiit-sup-ka'-tum. kii-ni-si-wi'-akw m§t-zi-nik', < kes'-wiik kii-nit-sa'-niik (. a-wut'-sik. kgs'-wuk ska-nu-si'-sik. tan-li'-kiin lu-ka-wa'-kun a-lo-ka'-du-miin. nii-tu-piis'-no-tak. nii-mii-kiis'-sunk. nut-wik'-hik. nii-tu-wik'-hik. nut-wik'-Mk-a-tik'-wam. mal-sa'-nu. tu-plo'-tii-mum. nu'-tchin-pil'-wgt. pa-ti'-as. mi-nis'-tel. un-ciit-ma'-ke. ka-ta'-ma tin-ti-i'-wun m&n. un-kii-to'-pi. tin-so'-ku-miilts. im-pus'-ka-le'-tGm. ko-ma'-nim. mi'-lin. mi'-lin me-lal'-muk-we-wa'. mi'-lin a-liis'-mi. mi'-lin m&n. mi'-lin tan mit'-si. — ttn-ku'-tu-miis'-sQm. no'-ni. ^un-tats'-wi. ^ixn'-ta-li-ki-sa'-ton. ^ un-tuk-wi-sa'-ton. ku-li'-ka-sa'-ton. ok-li'-ki-sa'-ton. kii-tats'-wi. ki'-si. 87 My own, Oh my I What are you making? I am building a canoe, I made it, What is that ? What is this ? Scalp him, I am scalped, He is scalped. He has scalped him, A law, A decree, A command. Pride, I am proud, I am foolish, He is silly. Anger, He looks angry, I am blind, I am cross. Strong, Naughty, Saucy, Smart, Beautiful — applied to things, Beautiful — applied to people, Good, Bad, Enough, Not much. Go away. Keep quiet. You are sick, I am sick, I forgot it, I don't understand you, lin-tti-pgr-tu-mun. a'-kwa. ke-ka-lit'-wtin. un-tak'-tul. ku-tchi'-tiin. kauk'-sa nit. kauk'-sa yut. pu-si'-u-kwa'-lan. lin-pu-si-u'-kwalk. pu-si-u-kwa'-la. pii-si-u-kwa'-lal. pu'-tu-su-a'-kun. flt-plu'-tu-mu-a'-kiin. hiil-ku'-tu-mu-a'-kun. pa-la'-pln-wa'-kun. lin-pa-la'-pi. un-pes-ha'-kun. p2s-ka'-ku-mi. ka'-yu. ka-yu-nuk'-sit. lin-pes-ka'-pii-tiim. un-tchak-mik'-so. sa-kle'-yu. pus-kSt'-kwun. ko-es'-ko. ni-ku'-sa-ni-ma. ka-lo-u'-sis. u-le'-ko. ka-lo-iit'. ko-wot' (also) mii-tchi'-ko. ne'-ta. ka-ta'-kwin. pa'-le-los. tii-san' ki'-up. kti-si'-kun-o'-ka. iik-si'-nok. niin-to-ha'-kiin. ka-ta'-ma ku-nis-to'-lfik. m I am in a hurry, Where have you been ? I have been to supper, He hurt me, I hurt myself, I fell from a rock, It is false, I am very lonesome. Tell me a story, He was starved to death. Home, A home, My home, His home. Your home, Their home, Their homes, Our home, Our homes, I have no home, I have a home, I will go to our home, He has gone (to his) home, No, None, Yes, A tooth, My tooth. Your tooth. His tooth, Teeth, Our teeth. Their teeth, wi-wi-sak'. ta-ma-ku'-ki. kfis-Gn-ki'-si-wu-la'-kwip. ktis-ta'-huk. tiil-ktis-ta-hus'. ptis-n6kw'-su-ni-ka'-hi. klos'-ku. nil ko-ma'-tchSn-tchi-wa'-tchi. a'-tok-ha'-kiin. slk-ta-la-mu'. (no equivalent). (no equivalent). nik. wik. kik. wi'-ko-wa. wi-ko'-wal. ni'-kiin. ni-kun'-u-al. ka-ta'-ma no-wi'-ki-u. no-wik'. iin-tu-li-hSts' ni'-ktin-ok. ii-li-he'-piin wi'-ko-ak. ka-ta'-ma. ka-ta'-ma. a-ha'-ha. mi'-pit. ni'-pit. ki'-pit. wi'-pit. mi-pi'- till, ni-pit-nu'-iil. wi-pit'-wal. H TO LOVE. Love, To love, To be loved. Loving, Do you love ? Are you loved ? My love, I love you. Do you love me ? May I love you ? We love you, You love us, Do you love us ? Do you love him (or her) ? Does he (or she) love you ? Does he love us ? He loves us, I love. You love, He loves, We love. They love, I did love. You did love. He did love, We did love. They did love, I will love. You will love, He will love. We will love. They will love, I can love, You can love, He can love. We can love. They can love. mu-sal'-tin. m u-sal'-te-wa'-k tin . mu-sal'-tu-e-wa'-k&n. mu-saltch-vva'-kiin. kti-mu-sa'-lu. kii-mu-sal-kwiis'. mu-sal'-to-wa'-kiin. kii-mu-sa'-liil. kil kii-mu-sa'-li. ki-sip' mu-sa'-lDl. kii-mu-sa-lu'-pun. kG-mu-sa-li'-pun. ku-mu-sa-li'-pun. ku-mu-sa'-la ne'-ktim. ne'-kiim kii-mu-sa'-liikw. ne'-kiim ku-mu-sal-kon'. ku-niu-sal-kon'. iim-mu-sa'-lu. iik-mu-sa'-lu. mu-sa'-lu-e. iin-mu-sa'-lu-e-ti'-piin. mu-sa-lu-e'-tu-uk. un-mu-sal-we'-piin. Qk-mu-sal-we'-piin. mu-sal-we'-piin. iin-mu-sal-we'-pun-o'-ptin. mu-sal-we'-piin-ik. un-mu-sa-lots'. iik-mu-sa-lots'. mu-sal-wets'. un-mu-sal-we'-piints. mu-sal-we-uk-its'. lin-ki'-si mu-sa'-lop. ki-si'-mu mu-sa'-lop. ki'-si mu-sal-wep'. iin-ki'-si mu-sal'-ne-punp'. mu-sar-we-piin-ikp'. 90 I would love, You would love, He would love, We would love. They would love. If I love, If you love, If he loves. If we love, If they (two) love. If they (more than two) love, I am loved. You are loved. He is loved. We (you and I) are loved, They (two) are loved. They (more than two) are loved, I was loved, You were loved. He was loved, We (you and I) were loved, They were loved, I have been loved, You have been loved. He has been loved. We (they and I) have been loved. They have been loved, I will be loved, You will be loved, He will be loved. We will be loved, They will be loved, I can be loved. You can be loved. He can be loved, We can be loved. They can be loved, I might be loved. fm-mu-sa-lop'. ak-mu-sa-lop'. mu-sa-lop'. mu-sa'-lu-e-pttnp'. mu-sa'-lu-we-iikp'. mu-sal-we'-an. mu-sal-wi'-un. mu-sal'-wet. mu-sal-wi'-yek. mu-sal-we'-tit. mu-sal-we'-ti-tit'. iin-mu'-sal-kwus'. kii-mu'-sal-kwus'. mu-sal'-kwus. mu'-sal-kwus-i'-piin. mu-sal-kwus'-e-wiik. nui-sal-kwus'-ol-tu-tik. un-mu-sal'-kwus-e'-pfin. tik-mu-sal'-kwus-e'-pun. mu-sal'-kwus-o'-piin. mu-sal'-kwiis-e-pun-o'-pun. mu-sal'-kwiis-o'-pun-ik. un-mu-sal-ke'-pun. lik-mu-sal-ke'-yun. mu-sal-e'-pun. iin-mu-sal-ke'-piin-o'-pttn. mu-sa-la'-piin-ik. Gn-mu-sal'-kwii-sits. tik-mu-sal'-kwu-sits. mu-sal'-kwii-sots'. un-mu'-sal-kwu-si'-piints. mu-sal'-kwus-wiikts'. un-mu-sal-ke'-punp. uk-mu-sal-ke'-punp. mu-sal-ko'-piinp. lin-mu-sal-ke'-piin-o'-pun. mu-sa'-la-pun-ikp'. un-mu-sal-kup'. 91 You might be loved, He might be loved, We might be loved, They might be loved, I may have been loved, You may have been loved. He may have been loved, We may have been loved. They may have been loved, If I be loved. If you be loved, If he be loved. If we be loved. If they be loved. If I was loved, If you were loved. If he was loved. If we were loved, If they were loved, iik-mu-sal-kup'. mu-sal-kop'. un-mu-sa-le'-pun-o'-pun, mu-sa-lakwp'. tin-mu-sal'-kwiis-i'-ptinp. uk-mu-sal'-kwiis-i'-punp^ mu-sal'-kwus-o'-piinp. uii-mu-sal'-kwus-i'-pun. mu-sal-kwus-o'-piin-i-kupw'. mu-sal'-kwus-i-an'. mu-sal'-kwus-i'-un. mu-sal'-kwus-it'. mu-sal'-kwus-i-yek'. mu-sal'-kwiis-i-tut'. mu-sal'-kwus-i-a'-nup. mu-sar-kwus-i-iin'-up, mu-sal'-kwus-i-tiip'. mu-sal'-kwus-i-a'-kup. mu-sal'-kwus-i-ti'-tiip. Boston, The United States, In the United States, An American, An American Woman, An Abenaki (Indian), Pas'-tan. Pas-tan'-ki. Pas-tan'-kik. Pas-ta'-ni. Pas-ta-ni'-skw. Wa-pa-na'-ki. 92 A MALISEET TRADITION. THE ORIGIN OF THE MALISEET FAMILY CALLED BEAR. Kii si'-ke-he ski-no'-sis ma-liim'-to o-nii-ki'-u-k'si'-kii-han mu-in'-i-Gl He was lost a boy until he strayed in with a bear ne-a'-ka o-nu-tchants'. Pu-se'-sol-tu'-Gk skwi-ku-wa'-mtik, Sl-mei'-St and her cubs. All went in the den, stayed iin-kwiits-i'-pon. O ma'-we-yin' ka-kes'-nol pe-po'-kil all winter. They lived together many winters. O'-tii-lan-si-ni'-yal um-si'-ke-ki'-kiik kekw-se-min'-siil po-ni'-u ; They lived on all kinds berries in winter; tin-ni'-puk nti-mes' o'-tu-lan-si-ni'-yal, K'tchi'-u-ski-nos-wi'-u in summer fish they lived on. He was a young man m6s-ko-wot'. when he was found. I'-tun mu'-in o-ski'-si-sa'-nal He said the bear she turned away by holding up her paws wgts-ku-wi'-hal-li'-tchil skat o-ne'-po-ho-ko-ni'-a. the one that is coming towards them that he will not kill them. Pgs'-kwun pe'-pok e'-ol-ti'-tit skwi-ku-wa'-miik k'-tchi'-mu'-in One winter when in the den the old bear i'-tuk wut-tu'-kets wets-ko'-we-kat un'-tii-li-tu-has' she said this one now he is coming I think ku-nat-ka'-kon. Un-tu-kwe-tchi-e'-ta-sa'-nan. I'-tuk he is coming towards us. I will try to turn him off. She said ka-to'-kiin iin-ki-si'-sa-nan', kun-ka'-ta-ho'-kon, I cannot I turn him off, he is coming to kill all of ns. Kil-ta-pokt'-we'-tan-si'-in. Ke-nokt'-te-hol. Mo-sa'-kii-ne-pu-ha'-kuts He will kill all but you. I will tell you this. Do not you kill no-sempskw' gl-man-si'-in. Ne'-pu-hut no-sempskw' a female bear in your life time. If you kill a female bear ku-ne'-pu-hats' ko'-ko-mus. Ko'-ko-mus ne'-pu-htit you will kill your grandmother. Your grandmother if you kill ^3 mu'-in. Ta-k6ts' ku-te-hol' a bear. No .v I tell you ku-ton'-lit mu'-in ka'-tQts-aps' ku-ne'-pu-han' you will never you will not kill gl-man-si'-in, sip-kan-si'-in, in your life time, if your life is long, if you go hunting a bear li'-no-tii-ha'-yin spaswi'-yu ku-nij-mi'-tu-a-nults' when you go out in the morning you will see o-pQk-to'-wal. Tan-pi-kwip'-pii-ku-ten'-mat nQt smokes from their dens. The one that has a heavy smoke he ku-mu'-siimps ; wa-ka-sip'-ku-ten'-mat niit ko'-ko-mus, your grandfather; the one that has least smoke she your grandmother, ntit mu-sak' ne-pu-ha'-kiits. Ka-ta'-ma o-ne'-pu-ha'-yil she must not you not kill. None he did not kill no-semps'-kwul ma-liim'-ot ki-ska'-tiim. O-ni'-si-wi-ti'-chSl female bears until he was married. His wife o-ti-ho'-kol iin-ku-to'-pa no-sempskw' ; ku-t4t-su-i'-ne-pa'-tu-in she told him I want a taste a female bear; you must kill for me no-s6mpskw'; ma-ltim'-to o-tat'-su-i-ne-pa'-tu-wa'-niil. a female bear; until he killed for her. Nit-we'-tche-ta-ke'-muk ka-ta'-ma o-ne'-pii-ha-u'-yul mu-in'-i-iil. From that time none he did not kill a bear. Ne-ke'-tul-o-meskvv' o'-tche-ne-mi'-hal kia-ha-ku-no'-muk ; Before that time he could see one from his door; o-ttt-li-ha'-nul-ki'-a-kwi-u o-ne'-pu-hon. he go straight to kill. Pe'-kut-si-ha,t' o-to-te'-me-si'-su-3.k et'-li ki-ska'-tiik. When he came to the little village there he got married. Nit wut o-ski'-tap we'-tchi-si-sii-ha'-tit mu-in-e'-wa-ko'-tii-kik. From this this man they spread from the Bear family. 94 . *