CIHM 
 
 ICIUIH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Collection de 
 
 Series 
 
 microfiches 
 
 (l\/lonograplis) 
 
 (monographies) 
 
 Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas 
 
 I 
 
 QQA 
 
 Tl 
 C< 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et biblioaraphiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original 
 copy available for filming. Features of this copy which 
 may be biMiographically unique, which may alter any 
 of the images in the reproduction, or which may 
 significantly change the usual method of filming, are 
 checked below. 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 Covers damaged/ 
 Couverture endommagte 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaurie et/ou petiiculte 
 
 □ Cover title missing/ 
 Le 
 
 □ 
 □ 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes giographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que Meue ou noire) 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Relii avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distorsion le long de la marge intfrieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may appear 
 within the text. Whenever possible, these have 
 been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas M f ilm^. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplementaires: 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il 
 lui a M poMibIc de se procurer. Les details de cet 
 exemplaire qui sont pcut-4tre uniques du point de vue 
 bibliographiquc, qui peuvent modifier une image 
 reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification 
 dans la m^hode normale de f ilmage sont indiqu^ 
 ci-dessous. 
 
 □ Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 □ Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagies 
 
 □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restauries et/ou pellicula 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages dteolories. tacheties ou piquecs 
 
 □ Pages detached/ 
 Pages ditachics 
 
 HShowthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 □ Quality of print varies/ 
 Qualite inigale d« I'impression 
 
 I I Continuous pagination/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pagination continue 
 
 Includes index(es)/ 
 Comprend un ides) index 
 
 Title on header taken from:/ 
 Le titre de I'en-tAte provient: 
 
 □ Title page of issue/ 
 Page de titre de la livraison 
 
 □ Caption cf issue/ 
 Titre de depart de la livraison 
 
 □ Masthead/ 
 Generique (periodiques) de la livraison 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est f ilmi au taux de rMuction indiqui ci-dessous. 
 
 :UX 
 
 
 
 UX 
 
 iSX Z2X 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 
 
 24 X 
 
 
 
 28X 
 
 
 
 '■"""' 
 
 1711 
 
Th« copy filintd h«r« h»t b—n r«produc«d thanks 
 to th« o«n«rotity of: 
 
 BibliotMque gAnlrale, 
 Univeriiti Laval, 
 Quebec, Quibec. 
 
 Th« imogM appoaring hara ara tha baat quality 
 posaibia eonsidaring tha condition and lagibiiity 
 of tha originai copy and in kaaping with tha 
 fiiming contract apacificationa. 
 
 Original eopiaa in printad papar covara ara flimad 
 baglnning with tha front covar and anding on 
 tha laat paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- 
 sion. or tha back coyar whan appropriata. Ail 
 othar originai eopiaa ara filmad baglnning on tho 
 first paga with a printad or illuatratad Impraa- 
 sion. and anding on tfia last paga with a printad 
 or illuatratad imprassion. 
 
 Tha laat racordad frama on aach microfiche 
 shall contain tha symbol — ^ (moaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), 
 whichavar appliaa. 
 
 L'axamplaira flimA fut raproduit grica i la 
 g^nArositA da: 
 
 BibliotMque gintrala, 
 Univeriit* Laval, 
 Quibac, QuMmc. 
 
 • 
 
 Las imagas suivantas ont Att raproduitas avac la 
 plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at 
 da la nattat* da l'axamplaira fiim«. at an 
 conformity avac las conditions du contrat da 
 fllmaga. 
 
 Laa axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura 9n 
 papiar aat Imprimia sont fiimAs an commandant 
 par la pramiar plat at an tarminant solt par la 
 darniAra paga qui comporta una amprainte 
 d'imprassion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond 
 plat, aalon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas 
 originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la 
 pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'Impraasion ou d'illustration at un tarminant par 
 la dmM^n paga qui comporta una taila 
 amprainta. 
 
 Un daa aymboias suivants spparaftra sur la 
 darnlAra imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la 
 cas: la symbols -^ signifia "A SUIVRE", la 
 aymboia ▼ signifia "FIN". 
 
 Mapa, platas, charta. ate., may ba flimad at 
 different reduction retioa. Thoaa too large to be 
 entirely included in one expoeure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrama illuatrate the 
 method: 
 
 Lea cartaa. planchea, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atra 
 fiimte A daa taux da reduction diffArants. 
 Lorsqua la document est trop grand pour Atra 
 reproduit en un seul clichA, ii est film* A partir 
 da I'engie supArieur gauche, da gauche A droits, 
 at da haut wn bas. en prenant la nombre 
 d'imeges nAcessaira. lias diagrammes suivants 
 illuatrent la mithode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEiT CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 U4 
 
 ■ 2.8 
 
 \i& 
 
 MB 
 
 ^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 u 
 
 ■ 3.6 
 
 IK 
 
 14.0 
 
 2.5 
 
 III 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 A APPLIED IfVMGb Ir 
 
 ^i 1653 East Main Str««l 
 
 fjS Rochester, New York 14609 USA 
 
 ~ (716) 482 -0300 - Phone 
 
 ^S (7 '6) 288- 5989 -Fox 
 

 lS^3^^^^<l^Mt^VENING EXPRESS 
 
 Tuesday, April 22, 1873. 
 
 ^<^ * y /i^ROM THK 
 
 y 
 
 CANADA CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 Of 783? '.thf "' ''*?' r "■' P"^'''*^'"^ ''•*^°» ^^''°''^«. fro"^ «n ol^J correspondent 
 of 1837 (the year after the Express started, and before the old New York DaH v 
 
 Advertiser of Dwight and Townsend was merged into the Exph's With th« 
 rZ L m7 ""' ^?f *^"r * --^-Aeep our readers well pTS^: Can da 
 
 writer seven years banishment from his home The wH Jr ^f T '"'**, ''°'* **»« 
 
 ture Rs,ii] 
 
 1^ 
 
 Q f ^^ ' CANADA. 
 
 The «^jkp^»'j/«««'e«tlng «emlnl«cenc«« ; Pr«gre.« 
 orjtti^ts; The Ministers sent oat from England. 
 
 ( From the Express Correspondent o/" 1 837 ) 
 
 authority, and were republished by newspapers in all directions ^ 
 
 They were presumed to have done their part in hastening the crisis called << The 
 R.BKLUO. OP 1837," and their prediction of the extinction of Europ a. conll "n 
 this continent is now verified, though not in the order of previous calculZns for 
 destiny m our day has adopted new rules of practice and resnlf« /^ * ' 
 accomplished by agencies of which our fathers'd'lmed not "' 
 
 Outwardly, the contest here was one for supremacy between the French and 
 English races forming our population; but underlying was the sam™nH • 
 pie Of constitutional liberty which agitated EngLd' Ct trn^eTthe'X" 
 Charles to hat of William. The English ranged themselves iSously on he ' 
 side of the « prerogative," the French on the side of popular ri^hf. ZT 
 pendent, a hitherto .et young « business" man, JZ^^^^^X^S^^ 
 into the melee on their aide, like a kn.Vhf--...--* ^-^My- P;;»i>«>Hra»^ed 
 
 ..r asking reward. Q"intus Cartiusdid^orp;;^; ;nrolh:Tu;^SSSJ^^^ 
 exploit after all, or to be laughed at for the loss of his horse an<f i#lutrXt T'^ 
 
 ft- 
 
We were very noisy with our public meetings through the summer, and " reso- 
 lutions," and some may have been " seditious," as the word has a wide range of 
 application ; but our demonstrations were still within the law as recognized in 
 England and in the United States, when Lord Gosford, then Governor-General, 
 sent the Attomey.Qcneral from Quebec to Montreal, to make 
 
 ABRSSTS FOR HIGH TREASON. 
 
 The judges were too noble to lend themselves to a process for which there was 
 no foundation, but the Attorney-General was a man of resources. He found two 
 willing Justices of the Peace, and with their illegal warrants, issued on the 16th 
 November, 1837, sent to jail to pass the winter, and be released in the spring, a 
 crowd of French Canadian gentlemen, of Montreal and its vicinity, against whom 
 there were no grounds of accusation whatever. Leading agitators left the city. 
 Rewards were offered for their capture. Your correspondent's head was valued at 
 $2000. He ranked third on the list. - 
 
 By a course of the merest accidents, 1 found myself on the morning of Nov. 18, 
 1837, landed with two companions at St. Charles, on the right bank of the Riche- 
 lieu, thirty miles east from Montreal. Considering that we had rights of residence 
 in our own country, and not caring to be disturbed by bailiffs, we determined on 
 establishing a camp. Dr. Wolfred Nelson, with similar intent, established another 
 at St. Denis, 9 miles lower down the river. Dr. Chcnier with a few " aids," estab- 
 lished a third at St. Eustachc, 25 miles west of Montreal. The few country .peopl<i 
 assembled at each place with wretched fowling-pieces were speedily dispersed by 
 brigades of British Infantry and Artillery, though Nelson repulsed the first attack 
 on his position most heroically. My adventurous escape was recorded in your 
 paper at the time, and an exile of nearly seven years followed. 
 
 Such was the whole measure and dimensions of the so-called "revolt" or "re- 
 bellion" in Lower Canada in 1837. With no previous intent, combination or or- 
 ganization, nobody was implicated but those that accident made actors in three 
 places. Elsewhere everything passed in the ordinary quiet. In Upper Canada, 
 McKenzie attempted an attack on Toronto, which failed. Along the frontier, from 
 Lake Champlain to Detroit, desultory " patriots " in Canada, with desultory " sym- 
 pathizers" on your side, organized, in the winter of 1838 and the autumn of the 
 same year, several small invasions, which were easily repulsed. The delicious lux- 
 ury of deceiving ourselves is common to organizations as to individuals. " Patriots " 
 believed great forces were coming to their assistance. " Sympathize/s " believed 
 that immense bodies of " patriots " would be in battle array when the invaders 
 arrived ; but when the day did come, the meagre number of invaders encouraged 
 no rising of " patriots " even had it been intended, and as few hailed their coming, 
 the " sympathizers " were glad to back out. 
 
 The summer of 1838 saw Canada garrisoned by 15,000 British troops, at a cost 
 to England of three millions sterling, all of which should be charged to Lord John 
 Russell, for not doing in March (1837) what he did do in October, by which all 
 political troubles might have been smoothed over, and your correspondent, with 
 8ome of his friends, spared the loss of the best years of their lives. 
 
 The brains of those involved in the intensity of revolutionary agitation became 
 sadly disordered, and men are apt to die before they are cooled down again for the 
 practical uses of common life. The new battle for personal re-establishment is a 
 hard one, in which few are conquerors. With the additional troops came Lord 
 
3 
 
 I 
 
 Durham, as a sort of dictator, high commiBsioner and pacificator, bringing with 
 him a stafT of able men, who among them, got np a report somewhat complimen- 
 tary to our side, as many passages read very like our own compositions; but as he 
 must do something for "justice," several prisoners, whose overt acts brought them 
 within the technicalities of high treason, were, without trial, transported to Ber- 
 muda ; and certain absentees, among whom was named your correspondent had a 
 sentence of death recorded, to be executed should they be caught in Her Majesty's 
 dominions. The British Parliament, not exactly appreciating this novel code of 
 criminal procedure, disallowed the edict, and Lord Durham, throwing up his hand 
 returned home in a " miff," to make room as Governor-General for Poulet Thomp^ 
 son (Lord Sydenham), a thorough "business" man, who, unencumbered by any 
 inconvenient scruples, and <, ting upon the maxim that the end justifies the meana 
 —which we all fling at the Jesuits, but act upon ourselves-made people who were 
 opposed to the measure consent to a legislative union of the Provinces of Upper 
 and Lower Canada, and put all government affairs in a train of good working order 
 Then came Sir Charles Bagot, an amiable old diplomatist, during whose time 
 was passed by our Parliament, and approved in England, an unpretending-looking 
 resolution, to the effect that our government should be conducted according to 
 
 " THE WELL-UNDERSTOOD WISHES OF THE PEOPLE " 
 
 Which few words now comprise the " Constitution " called " Responsible Govern- 
 ment" of British Colonies, the positive intent and meaning being that each shall 
 be governed by the people themselves, as England is governed, with no foreign 
 interference whatever. A lower House elected by the people, an upper House ap- 
 pointed by the Crown, or some hocus-pocus, and a Governor a,,pointed by the 
 Crown (Lieutenant-Governors will be noticed hereafter), who, like the Queen 
 reigns as a pageant, without ruling, the real ruler being the premier, or man who 
 can command a majority in the lower House, and who is assumed to represent 
 "the well-understood wishes of the people," to which the powerless Governor 
 assents, as a mere matter of form. This system, worked by an oligarchy, has done 
 well in England, where tradition, usage and fiction (the voice of the people has 
 never yet been heard in the people's house), maintain their checks, and it has done 
 good work here ; but in the naked realities of a younger stage of nationality, it ^o 
 dangerous machinery that jumbles legislative with executive powers, and ignor 
 the existence of a minority, makes the head of a democratic majority an absolute' 
 unchecked ruler in all things. Some day, when common thought becomes de .elol 
 ped into public opinion, which cannot yet be said to have an existence in Canada 
 where the masses, like the strong horse, are content to be led or driven, democracy 
 will see the necessity of erecting barriers against itself. Where would you be to- 
 day, if, on every night during sessions of Congress in the last ninety-seven years 
 your Government had been liable to overthrow on a chance vote in the House of 
 Representatives ? Lord Metcalf followed, an excellent and able East Indian official 
 who could not exactly understand how he could represent Her Majesty with honor' 
 or the need of any Governor at all, if he was to be in all things controlled by some 
 loud-mouthed village lawyer, who could control in the Assembly a few votes more 
 than the leading lawyer of the next village-and was inclined to interfere: but 
 " the well understood wishes" proved too strong, and he was replaijsri iv. 1P.46 
 
 Lord Elgin, who in this year accepted the position with all its pageantry and 
 pay, was one of those mental light-weights who by a cunning exercise and exhibi- 
 
tion of thepower they powess, like Might-weights" of the prize ring opDo«inff 
 " Bcence'. to the slow force of « big unn," come off victorious, and earn^'^Te dW 
 a well-earned celebrity. Lord Elgin's motto wan " dignified neutrality " His 
 wisdom for ho was a wise man, saw a fact in " responsible Government." which he 
 
 fined himself to that easiest of all tasks in this world-siding with the strongest 
 
 His successors, Sir Edmund Head, Lord Monck, and Lord Lisgar, have left no 
 heroics upon our records. Mention of our present Governor-General may be made 
 
 Old Time. 5 British Territory; a Farmer's Paradise, 
 tlie New Pacific Railroad. 
 
 At the age of 70 your old correspondent finds himself in his old city of Montreal 
 floating down the current of life, in companionship with the biggest fisl-es as 
 pleasantly as though, governed by ' 
 
 " PRUDBNTIAL C0NS1DKUATION8," 
 
 or " timid counsels," he had, false to the traditions of our noblest English forefathers 
 a ways worshipped the "prerogative," or embarked in nothing whl he Jou M not 
 first discern some personal advantage. If, in the decline of a life of independence 
 conscience upbraids us with the little we have done for our fellow-men! thtris' 
 relief m the reflection that we owe nothing to these same fellow-men fo, any an- 
 
 ZIlZ'Tu^N '' *'''°''' ''' ""'* "' ''''^ '"'"'''**-"'• ^"' *^"^' ^""^'"'^^'« *^« 
 
 THB BRITISH TERRITORY 
 
 on your north, which, until half a dozen years ago, was known as Neva Scotia, New 
 Brunswick, Lower and Upper Canada, now greatly increased, like all the civilized 
 world, in wealth, strength and comfort, is confederated into what is called the 
 
 "DOMINION OP CANADA," 
 
 to Which has since been added all the western British possessions to the Pacific 
 containing from east to west a population of three millions and a half Were all 
 men, women and children called out to guard the frontier, they would form 
 a line of sentinels, fifty feet apart, without reliefs. Bordered on the south by 
 the curved Ime of nine of your States, to the west of Lake Superior, and thence by 
 the forty-ninth parallel to the Pacific, two new Provinces have been organized, one 
 at the Red River of the North, bordering Minnesota and Dakotah, called "Mani- 
 toba," and the other on the Pacific, with Vancouver's Island, called "British 
 Columbia;" that is, a strip altogether running from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 with yourselves a possibly dangerous neighbour, on the south, and no danger of 
 any neighbour whatever on the north, by reason of eternal ice and snow And 
 then It IS rather disjointed. Nova Scotia is separated from New Brunswick by the 
 Bay of Fundy, and the latter from the best part of Lower Canada, now Province of 
 Quebec, by the State of Maine, which runs up to within some thirty miles of the 
 St. Lawrence. A line drawn west from Montreal, latitude forty-five and a-half 
 strikes the Georgian Bay, south of which line lies most that is valuable in thP p»n' 
 msula of Upper Canada (now Province of Ontario,) and for more land we must go 
 
 \ 
 
\ 
 
 uU-" T\ " '""'"■'"'■ <"'"'"''•' *^>' ^''«'« ««">« ^'""Ir.dH of miK-H of 
 
 uninviting territory Hoparates U8 from Manitoba. Ev«ry mai. along thiH line I. 
 
 ZZr I'T' '"^ '"" f'-llow-HUbjoctH, and provolfingly near t your 
 people, for not to love you or your inHtitutionn in our duty. 
 
 THB WHIAT CODNTRV. 
 
 qZTZ ""TT 'r.*'^ '!r «^"'^«-*^-'^' "•"• t'^^ '«-«r portion of the Province of 
 Quebec are celebrated for their agricultural capacity, but the valley of the upper Ht. 
 
 miles n'f)n?' '' "'\' "" '"'"*"""' ''"' «'''"'' ^^'^^ ^ «"y "— «' 4"are 
 
 mile in Ontario, compare favourably with the region to their nouth. Man toba 
 
 and the wentern extension is a country of « bulln - and " bearn " (of the tw,.legge.l 
 
 kind, I mean, who toHs up, or pull down), one ansuring uh that wheat which 
 
 IIIZTm^T'V:" ''' "''' from Pennsylvania to' Dakotah,av:rage:«y 
 bu8hel« in Manitoba, while another nays that, if not eaten up by grasHhoppern it 
 
 u^rtrelt"'""*. ""T ^^^''^ " ""** ^■""'*'' ^'*"^'" - --*- - P-ture t; i'ed 
 cared for ' " " """' "°*'^''' ""' *'"'^ P*^"^^' ""''^^^^ ^«» ^""-d and 
 
 ««v?.V'"'h''^ fine garden vegetables growing where another says the ground 
 never thaws three inches deep. The truth is, isothermal lines rise as we proceed 
 west, and the hfty-fifth parallel there may compare with the forty-fifth here. 
 
 ON THB PACiriC, 
 
 T.tT^ t';'"?-^- may be still higher, and it may be comforting for you to know 
 that If Northern British Columbia at 54.40 be somewhat tropical, soutl em Alaska 
 wh,ch joins It there, cannot be exactly Siberian. Wherever the ■ are great rivc.s 
 there i.ust be, except in ice-bound regions, fertile plains and valleys'and in oj; 
 western possessions, after discounting largely for unprofitable portions there must 
 be vast portions fitted for the happy dwelling place of man. 'a railroad n^i-ro 
 Lake Superior, hrough to the Pacific, will soon open all to the population of 
 Europe, who will be attracted by all reasonable facilities and inducements and 
 were not mankind distracted by all the land to be <- opened " for settiemen betw'n 
 this and Patagonia, not to mention New Holland and the Islands of the Ocean w 
 might expect to see the country filled up in our day, provided always, that Europe 
 
 tZr '.T:' P':'^«;/™-- °f --'-«<»». or prevention for the' morta itv of 
 infants and the "heathen Chinee" lend<- his assistance. Ireland is tolerably 
 drained , Germany and Scandinavia are n, aexaustible ; Southern Europe has a 
 sufiicient outlet in Africa ; Eussia moves eastward. . Malthus is no longer a prophet 
 
 History, Romauce aud Tradition; a Great National 
 Highway ; the new Governor-General. 
 
 Leaving the future of this western extension in «the lap of the gods " to be 
 8haken out as time may determine, let us return to O.o CANAOA-the CWa of 
 
 zT^t:j7:il'Trr''''''' ^-^^ *-^*«— t-tchmg southwest tm 
 
 Gaspo, lat. 49, to Detroit, lat. 42. over one thousand miles, throuirh. or alnn. w^^h 
 flow« .nc most inaguificent inland water-course on our globe, in a direct line fiom 
 th. centre of our American continent to central Europe' and the shortes pos b" 
 
6 
 
 route-* gr..at natural highway to the ocean, not merely for the nmall Canadian 
 territory on fh. north Hid.,, but for «even of your States on the Houth, and all that 
 wentern .'xpan.e betw.eu the 42d and 49th parallel8, whose eaHtern depot Ih Duluth 
 Ships and Htea.n..,« of the largest 8i.e that flout up .n the o-.ean may come up fuJU 
 loaded to thiH city of Montreal, 500 miles inland Above us, to complete the navi- 
 gation, are tlie largest locks and canals in the world, and these will be soon more 
 enlarged to admit of the passage of vessels of 800 tons to Lake Superior, that may 
 tranship here at trifling cost. Your " West " clamors for more outlet to the Eastern 
 World. We have it direct and cheap, and they will use it. 
 
 Then, say you, << We must have annexation. ' Well, "annexation" may be in 
 the cards, but apparently it is not in the hands dealt out to present players " There 
 are many people who call themselves "Annexationists," but few men with 
 political aspirations, would dare to announce themselves to be of that sect Doubt- 
 less there is a proud Americanism growing up that will hereaff.r spurn the idea of 
 ^ dependence on anything European, but the men of to-day see in "responsible 
 government" complete independence for internal concerns, a complete control 
 of our own resources, and an unlimUed privilege of running into de.bt, whil. Great 
 Britain, maintaining foreign relations, armies and navies, throws their shield over 
 U8 at no charge, and tells us that entire independence may be had off hand when- 
 ever asked by the " well-understood wishes." 
 
 I have told you that the Governor-General is the only British authority now in 
 the "Dominion." Each of the now six provinces have a sepa.nte "responsible 
 government," subordinate only to the Government of the Dominion, with a Lieu. 
 tenant-Governor appointed by ami representing the Governor-General in all busi- 
 ness matters, and only representing the Queen in ceremonies or tomfooleries that 
 will soon become contemptible even to our accustomed eyes. ' 
 
 OLD LOWER CANADA, 
 
 now the Province of Quebec, is a French parish, three-fourths of the population 
 being French-speaking Catholics, whose language, religion and laws, guaranteed 
 at the Conquest, have been honorably maintained. Though nominally French they 
 are among the purest native-born American of any nationality on this continent 
 except the Indians, for there has been little admixture of foreign blood for more' 
 than a century. A most amiable people, many figure well in politics, at the bar 
 on the bench, as physicians, as merchants, or as mechanics ; but the bulk are tillers 
 of the soil, who, adopting the Buddhist philosophy, that the cause of misery lies 
 in desire, desire too little, and indulge in what in America is the cripie of being 
 content with plain living and too small expenditure. These, where their priests are 
 local rulers, care little for change. Those who become restive annex themselves to 
 your side of the lines, where hundreds of thousands are settled, and every year 
 such is the fecundity of these Celts, continues the exodus. ' 
 
 THB " dominion" IS A BOOTOH COLONY, 
 
 as that nationality, by its superior ability and control of the press, the banks the 
 import^ng trade, and the most important part of the retail, maintains a general 
 supremacy. Luckily, there is no king of Scotland, for, imitating the House of 
 Braganza, he would abandon his little kingdom in the East to found an empire in 
 
 the West. The Israelites are superseded— these Scotnh ftr« th» "/.Kos-- '-» 
 
 of our age. Hound the world, from the Equator to nearer the North Pole and^'the 
 
 iS 
 
 >{ 
 
\ 
 
 I 
 
 South Polo than ony other wliil.! man, ho Ih tob« found, every wheie Htrong-niinded 
 and clear-headed, a chief having Mubjectn under him, whom he directs for tlieir ad- 
 vantage and hiH own profit. Whether a farm(!r, m(!chanic or merchant, he always 
 aims to be the bcHt of iiis clawH, and a model for all. The influence of such a peo- 
 ple muHt be great, rhei/ do not see the gain of "annexation," and until they do, 
 we may pause on the couHideration. The numerous " Americans" in Canada, feel- 
 ing apparently as if they were looked upon as repentant rebels seeking comfort 
 under the old flag, have never held the position to which they are entitled by their 
 wealth and character. Of the Irish, the Protestant portion are fervently loya'. to 
 the British Crown, and the Catholic, like those with you, not remarkalile in this 
 line. 
 
 Another "stopper" is now found in our popular Govcrnor-Ocneral, or the huge 
 mass of undefined or half-formed opinion is often directed in its course by little 
 touches, like as the finger of a child on the steering apparatus of a leviathan 
 steamship turns the monster to north or south. 
 
 THE EAHL OP DUVFEHIN 
 
 appears one of the high types of humanity, who, on becoming Governor, has not 
 ceased to be a gentleman, whose influence will be directed for good, and who will 
 endeavor to achieve that most ditticult thing for an European— to look at American 
 things with American eyes; but we must remember that even "Earls" are made 
 from the common ingredients of common mortals, and that when we subtract from 
 the best of us all the folly and all the weakness that enters into our compositions, 
 there may be little left to make the man. 
 
 As a rule, if you scratch any newly arrived Briton you may And a buccaneer, 
 impressed with the legendary idea that all possessed by Americans, whether politi- 
 cal or material, is a sort of spontaneous growtli, to which lie has no special right 
 against the will of the first-come European. Our Oovernor-Oeneral is probably 
 far removed from this, and there has been a manly frankness in the kindly social 
 relations which he has courted, that gives him a large place in the hearts of our 
 people, who see comfort 
 
 IN BRITISH CONNKCTIO.V, 
 
 that gives us for pageantry a high-minded representative of Blajesty, .uid saves 
 us from some diligent governor of our own choice, who might, in these days 
 of speculation and sudden fortune, engineer many schemes with more profit than 
 honor. 
 
 To conclude, you must not forget. that we are not yet fully out of our colonial 
 swaddling clothes— that our thought comes from European sources, transmitted 
 through European influences. When thought, emancipated and Americanized, 
 enables us, with American manliness, to look with disdain on European pretensions, 
 and the third generation ceases to speak of Europe as "home," we shall be prepared 
 for a change of some sort. 
 
 Such are the musings of one who is now a mere looker-on. 
 
 T. 8. B. 
 
 MITOHXU. AKD WlUOK, FBINTBHS, MONTBIAL.