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A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF HORSES: WBITTEN IN PLAIN LANGUAGE, WHICH THOS«: WHO CAN BE«D MAY EASILY UNDERSTAND. THE WHOLE BBIHO THB BEStTLT OF SEVENTY YEARS EXTENSIVE PRACTICE OF THE AU1H)B. JOHN C. KNOWLSON. i - — ♦• MA«y OF THF. RECIPES in THB BOOK ARE WORTH OKE HUNDRED DOLLARS EAi-H, AND THE WHOLE ARE NEW TO THE WORLD. T. B. PETERSON. No. 98 CHESNUT STREET. *«*■ '^':. mf^ "^ AUTHOR'S PREFACE. Aboox twenty years ago many people pressed me much to write a treatise on HoRSBS ; but I tlien refused, tliinking that one of my own family would succeed me in the business of a Farrier ; but my hopes are cut off, and now, at the age of nearly ninety years, it is my duty to do what I can to benefit my fellow-crea- tures, and I thank my God that it is bothm my Heart and in my power to do so. For this reason this little book is sent out into the world, and it is my hope that many may be benefitted by it Should it be an instrument of good to one poor man's horse, it will be a blessing ; but it may be useful in saving thousands. A true explanation of the disorders, and safe and easy medicines for the cure of horses, are laid down in it in the plainest language— not that of a learned writer, but for a poor man's reading. I do not mean to make easy things hard, but hard thingB easy ; and hope that my readers will be candid enough to consider well before they cast any reflections upon it. I do not know that there are errors in it, but possibly there may be, considering my old age. I can truly say it is writ- ten from experience alone, as there is not one borrowed receipt in it, therefore it must be new to the world : and I have no other motive than to do good. One word as to drugs. When you buy them, be careful to have them good, as drug- gista are not always to be depended on for having good articles. The safest way is to buy them in their natural state, and to powderthem as you want them. Do not be too hasty ui giving medicines, but let one operate before you give another. Great hurt is often done by bemg too hasty. I wish also to caution you against taldng advice of people who neither know the disorders of Horses, nor how to prescribe a remedy for them. No man can prescribe proper medi- cines except he has a true knowledge of herbs, roots, minerals and compounds, and how they operate. The first thing a Horse-doctor should do when he begins business, is to get well acquainted with drugs, and then with the disorders ; but tnese thmgs cannot be done without much practice. Some people are very fluent at the tongue ; and if they know the names of a few drugs, and a disorder or two, they blow up loudly, and bring forward the names of the drugs they have learnt, whether they are good for the discrder or not J but in this little treatise tliore. is not one thing mentioned that will not bear the strictest scrutiny. THE NAME AND SITUATION OF THE EXTERNAL PARTS OF A HORSE. The Fore^part. 1 The Forehead. 2 The Temples. 3 Cavity above the Eyet. 4 The Jaw. 5 The Lipg. 6 The Nostrils. 7 The Tip of the Nose. 8 Tho ''hin. !) The Beard. 10 The Neck. 11 The Mane. 12 The Kore-top. 13 The Throat. H The Withers. 15 The Shoulders. 16 The Chest. 17 The Elbcw. 18 The Arm. 19 The Plate Vein. 20 The ChesnaU 21 The Knee. 22 The Shank. S3 The back Sinews, or Main Tendons. 24 The Fetlock Joint. 25 The Fetlock. 26 The Pastern. 27 The Coronet 28 The Hoof. 29 The Quarters. 30 The Toe. 31 The Heel. The BodF> 32 The Reins. 33 The Fillets. 34 The Ribs. 35 The Belly. 36 The Flanks. The Hind'i>arU 37 The Rump. 38 The Tail. 39 The i'uttocks. 40 The H«unchos. 41 The Stiffle. 42 The Thighs. 43 The Hock. 44 The Instep. 45 The Point of the Hock. rERNAL Joint. If. i'part* ks. hoa. or the Hock. liVDEX. Olneral Remarks, . . . How to Choose a Horse, . A Cold A Cough and Asthma, The Cholic or Gripes, The Flatulent or Windy Cholio, The Bilious or Inflammatory Ctuilio, The Dry Gripes, Worms and Bots, The Yellows or Jaundice, . The Staggers, . Convulsions, or the Stag EtiI, evers, , A Compound Fever, A Broken Wind, , , , A Consumption, A Scouring, and other Disorders of the Intestines, Disorders of the Kidneys and Bladder, The Molten Grease, A Surfeit, ' • • » » The Hidebound, The Mange Tlie Farcy or Farcin, The Water Farcy, . Sprains, .... 'Ilie Bone Spavin, . The Blood or Bog SpaTin, A Corb, . ' • • • • A Rin>,' Bone, .... Mailendi-rs and Sallenders, Page 7 7 10 12 1.1 14 16 17 17 19 SI 31 83 35 27 30 31 33 3f 36 3d 31) 40 43 44 4» 60 61 61 51 Vi WDM. §1 The Siranglct, ^^ The Glanderi, * ' M Swelling* and Imposthumei, Wounds, • * ' .- llurU in the Feet, . . I vO A Twitter-Bone, A Fistula, and BruiBes of the Withen, VVarbes,Girth.Gall8, and Plushes from S»ddl«», ... » Windgails, ^ The Grease, Scratches The Crown Scab, Directions for Managing a Horse on & Journey, ...••• Directions for Riding, and for Breaking a Horse in, . . . . ■• * v>' •1 d1 M 64 66 60 60 »7 M W 69 M THE COMPLETE FARRIER. GENERAL REMARKS. Of all things that the great Creator has made for the use of Man, the Horse is the most serviceable. It is also the most tractable, if broken in when young ; but if not, it becomes restive and stubborn. No creature is worse used among the brutish part of mankind. There are only three kinds of these useful creatures, viz. the Horae, the Aaa, and the Zebra : but by crossing the breeds, many different sorts are produced. You may raise a cross breed from a horse, with an ass, but you can go no further. We cannot learn with certainty from history from whence horses came at first, but it is very likely from Asia ; although the extensive plains of Africa abound with them, and they run wild in many other parts of the world, where the natives know no other use of them than to eat their flesh. In more civilized countries the horse becomes more tractable, and then, and not till then, its proper value appears. Our own country may challenge all nations for a good breed of horses, proper for all uses. We have them from 8 to 18 hands high ; some as heavy as any in the world, and some very small ; some calculated for swiftness, and some for drudgery ; and some which are kept for show, and are of lit- tie use : but that is the fault of the owner, and not of the horse. Many of these useful c.eatures are slaughtered by sinful men, and many are illtreated through that abominable practice and soul-destroy- ing evil — drunkenneaa ; and these poor animals, which are so useful to man, are hungered, whipt, and illtreated many other ways. A horse is agreeable for its beauty, as well as valuable for its useful, ness : but neither of these things prevents wicked men from using him ill. But it is not my intention to give you a history of the horse iu this little treatise, but to inform you how to cure it when out oi i^ealth. HOW TO CHOOSE A HORSE. In my time I have bought and sold hundreds of horses, as well as had thousands under my care when.unwell, but still I am at a loss how to give my readers proper directions how lo chooae one ; for among all the difficulties attending the common affairs of life, there is not perhaps a greater than that of choosing a good horse ; nor will this appear strange when we consider the number of niceties attending this animal, with regard to its shape and manner of going, which are so numerous that it would fill a volume to describe them. Indeed, the best judges are obliged to content themselves with guessing at some things, unless a sufficient trial be allowed. The Eyes are the first things to atterd to, and 8hou:d be well exam, ined, as the best judges are often deceived in them. Cleameaa of the § THt COMPI.BT* rABniEl. Eue,\Ha sure inJicalior of th.ir -.o,lm« "')• f,,^'''*^ .hould bo attended to: tl.. oyelidn. oyobrows, and ull t'"' " ^^ , „L also bo oon.sidorod ; Ibr n.uny l.-rscH - -bo ey- a^^^^^^^^ cl u -, , brilliant go blind at sevon or <..yl.t yar. old. I ' ^ '^'' ';."°, .^ ^^ obsorvo wl.ctbur tbe parts bctwe.-n ilio eyclwls and the e>obro«9 » ; J rom bunches, and whether .he parts round the "."i-r ^yohds bo in or swelled ; for iheHO are indications that the eyes wil not last VVhon lie eye ^ru renmrkably Hat, or sunk within .he.rorl.Us. .t .s a had 8 un I 2o when ihoy look dead and lifeless. The Ins, or circle ?hat Sounds the sight of the eye, should be distn.et, and of a pale, variegatLd"" innan,o.rcolor. lor this is always a sure s.gn of a good '^' When the horso is first led out of a dark stable into a strong light, be «ure to observe whether he wrinkles his brow, and looks upwards to re- ce ve more li"ht ; for that shews his eyes to be bad. But .<" you observe K tir; mensi^ns of the pupil are large, and that J -f -"'^-^^^S his corning into a strong light, it is ahnost an infallible sign that hi« '^'someUmS'what are called Haws grow on th. corner of the eye. anj* eetTurK. tha they infect the eye? and cause the horse to go bt.nd^ C rnay^ake thorn out, and although it will disfigure the eye, yet ix "'rthi'.ttTl-e examine the Tee.h, as you would not wish to ^Htr^ :!^:^j:Lhd:?;^^^:^nsr.t.^^ sk^t^it^^Saii^st^y^^r:^^ and a Hiilf i changes wo others, called the Separnlrrs ; at four and .^ n» f U c angoVthe"i\Wi Teclkj and at five years old bus a full n>outh; w" en the Tusks, commonly called the Dridle-Fongs, rise. lorse dealer have a trick of knocking out the nook teeth at threo years and a half, to make the horse appear five years o'j -hen^nly foun but they cannot raise the tusks. At s.x yca.^ °'' /''f. ^?J* Teeth are a little hollow, and at seven there is a black '»» l^' J'^^ '^? jnfof Trfpe bean. Afterwards you will observe the fiesh to shrink from the teeth, which grow long and yeHow. Bishopins a Horse-dealers have also a method winch they call ^ *3"« « korse^s Wi;.that is, filing the tusks short^^r,^ rounding tl^^^ e hollo ihony iorse's imuUi; tnat is, niing uie lusn.:. o..^..-., • ----o , mds takiii" a little out of the nook teeth, so as »» "^'^'^\!''^l" '^7^' olloCS then burning them with a hot iron. I was hired by An- i; Johnson, of Winc'olmlee, Hull, as farrier to a — -f h^; rtV Johnson, oi vyincoinuue, ixuw. »= '"/■■;;■ ". - , j ses that were going to the city of Moscow, in Russia, for sale, a«d we K?^ a lUtlelrev stoned horse, called Peatem. that was seventeen i'earsoSthe'mo'un? which I'bishoped. and he passed for six years Jld, and was the first horse seld, and for £500 English money ! I only mention this as a caution to horse-buyers. . , . j <• » :„ iii,o The V « should next be regarded ; for a horse with bad feet is hke a house with a weak foundation, and will do. little service. Th. teet JhS bl smooth and tough, of a middle size, ^^'tV^^ut wrinkles, and nSther too hard and brittle, nor too soft j the Heds should be firm, 'mimmit^miiiij^ ':.yj^'.j'j£l^i!isi Tiir. coMn.r.TK FAnniKR. not all llial , oilur parts, carcU'iir iiml Im! carcl'ul to eyebrows »'« Icr eyelids ''O will not last, r orl)its, it is a Iris, or ciroW) and of a pale, ign of a good itrong light, be upwards to re- if you observe contract upon e sign that his of the eye, anrt ■so to go blind . the eye, yet U lot wish to pur- , A horse ha* hare calliul th« 1 two on the top at three yeafi ( ; at four and «v us a full mouth ; ise. k teeth at threw 1 old when only s old the Nook c mark, like the ; flesh to shrink all Bishoping a ling them at the ike them rather as hired by An- numtter of hor- for sale, a«d we t was seventeen ised for six years ih money 1 I only h bad feet is like rvice. The feet )iit wrinkles, and I should be firm, ana iKit nj/OP',;, and rotten; iho Frof^.i horny and dry ; and the Soks somowliut huilow, like the inside ot a dish or b(jwl. Suuii fi-i.t will n«!VC)r (ii.siippoint your expectations, and sucli only sliouid be. chosiii. I'arlicular regard shoukl bo iiad to tiie Slioii/ilrr.'i ; ihi-y shitiild not bo too much loaiied, for a horse witii heavy shouidfrs can m^vor move well; and on the other iiand, one that iius very liiin sliouldrri't, and it narrow chest, thougli he may move briskly so loii;^ as he is sound, yi-t ho is generally weak, and easily lamed in the shoulders; a medium should therefore bo chosen. He careful to obs(!rvo the creature's Moliona, — that the ahouldcrii, knees, and pasterns all act together, and have but one spring of motion, ibr in that case alone can they bo said to move well. The Limbs should be free from ""Sp/eiUs and ^Windgalls. 'I'lio Knees should be straight, and not bending, or what is called a calf's knee : the Back-sinews strong and well braced : the Vnslern Joints clean, and free from swellings of all kinds ; and the Hocks lean and dry, and free from | iSparms, ^Corh-i and Flatulent Tumors. The Body, or Carcass, should neither bo too small nor too largo. The Back should be straight, or have only a moderate sinking below the Withers : for when the back of a horse is low, or higher behind than befor3, it is both very ugly a.. . a sign of weakness. The back should also be of a proper length. The Ribs should bo large, the Flanks smooth and full, and the Hind-parts, or uppermost Haunches, not higher than the shoulders. When the horse trots before you, observo if his haunches cover his foro-knees. A horse with a short hind> quarter does not look well. The next thing to be regarded in a horse is his Wind, which may be easily judged of by the motion of his flanks. A broken-winded horse always pinches in his flanks, with a very slow motion, and drops them suddenly, which may be easily perceived. Many horses breathe thick that are not broken-winded ; indeed, any horse will in foggy (veather, or if foul fed, without suflicient exercise ; but if a horse has been in good keeping, and had proper exercise, and yet has these symptoms, there is some defect, eitiier natural or accidental ; such as a narrow chest, or some cold that has aflected the lungs. There are other particulars that should be observed in choosing a horse. If his Head be large and fleshy, and his Neck thick and gross, he will always go heavy on the hand, and therefore such should never be chosen. A horse that has his Hocks very wide, seldom moves well, and one that has them too near will chafe and cut his legs by crossing them. Fleshy-legged horses are generally subject to the Grease, and other infirmities of that kind, and therefore should not be chosen. The Temper of a horse should be particularly attended to ; because * TKere arc fi>ur kinds of SplenU; vix. The Bene Splent, the Blood >Splent, the Osm< let, and the Horn fS])lent. i Windgnlls are soft Tumors, seated on either side of the Fetlock Joint. f There are two kinds of Spuvins; viz. The Uloud Spuvin wliich lies in the joint of th« hind leg, tminethin;; like a VVind-gall, going quite through the joint, and h then nill. .! • Thorough I'in; and the Done Spavin, which lies just below tlie joint, on the inside, and if raited liy dnulors a Dry Knot, or Jack. II A e abridged, and rn and water di- ticns in diet the le, the horse wHl f work. g horses are sub- ;s are also aiTect- bleed, and if the , which are often by worms, as is are proper to de- 1 the chapter on riers, and has for arse has been lost lines have gener- dry gripes, when (re the methoa of o cure it may in- irefore divide this to give such plain e very beneficial. lOLIC. n and starting up nps with his fore- nt, he has convul- 3 stretched out, as ( falls into profuse Eile, and turns his I, rolls about, and ds from a stoppage holic, and may be f the bladder, ling cold by drink- r is by that means tend violently, and THB COMPLETE FABHIEH, IS ■ometitiies brings or an inflammation in the small intestines, when the body begins to swell, and the cure is despaired of. Cure. The first thing to be done is to empty the straight gut witlj a small hand, dipped -in oil. This frequently gives room for the wind, bftfore confined in the bowels, to discharge itself: and, by taking off the weight that pressed upon the neck of the bladder, the suppression of urine is removed, upcn which the horse immediately stales, and becomes much easier. If the horse be young, and full of blood, it 'will be proper to take a sufficient quantity of blood from the neck. When these purgative operations have been performed, the follow, ing may be given, as it seldom fails to give relief. 4 oz. or Tincture or Senna, or Dafiy's Elixir. 6 drams or Tincture of Opium. 1 dram ofOil of Junip r. 8 oz. or Juniper Bemea, bruised. Put one quart of boiling water on the juniper berries, let them stand a few minutes, strain it off, put all together, and give them to the horse. If he does not find relief soon after taking this dose, both by staling and breaking wind, it is doubtful whether he will receive any benefit from it; so you must prepare the following clyster for him as soon as you can. Take — Csmomile Flowers, 4 ounces; Aniseedi, Fennnl.niid Corinnder, 2 ounces of each. Boil them m 1 quart of wnter, and add 2 oz. of Castile Soup, cut small, while the -vater is hot, tliut tlie soap may dissolve. Give it bloud-warm. During the fit, the horse may be walked about, or trotted a little, but should by no means be harassed, or driven about till he is jaded. If no better, give the following. 2 drams of Camphor. 1 dram of Pellitory of Spain. 2 oz. of Ginger Powder. 3 gills of Holland Gin. If the horse sweat much at times, and then falls into cold sweats, give four ounces of mithridate, in three gills of Holland gin, and re- peat the clyster. If the disorder continue three or four hours, givt one ounce of tincture of opium, in three gills of Holland gin. When the horse begins to recover, he will lie quiet, without starting and trembling; and if he continue in this quiet state an hour, you may conclude that the danger is over. Dress him down well, and give him a small quantity of warm water, if he will drink it; bed him down well, cover him to keep him- warm, and then leave him to get a little rest. You must consider that the disorder has left a soreness on him, both within and without ; therefore, make him a little gruel, with a pint of red wine in it; and if any skin be knocked off about his eyes, or his huck-bones, rub it with the bottle recommended for bruises. Sometimes the Cholic is received into the stomach, and does not act so violently, nor cause the horse's pains to be so strong. You may best judge of this by his motions: — he will draw his four feet together, ky himself down, stretch out his feet and head, throw his head back. 11 THK (OJin-KTE KABKIER. and often nut Lis nose to liis chost : after standing a little, lie will lie down u-uin as belbie. Wlicn tlie Cholic is easier, he will li_e for an hour or^more together, witli liis feet stretched out and his head thrown back or with liis nose upon his ribs. This is caused by bad meat, or bad water, or both : sometimes by drinking hard water when hot, or by a chance from soft grit water to limestone or iron water, or by the break of a storm. I have had five or six horses under my care in this disorder in one day, at the break of a frost, by drmkmg ice, or snow water. Sour grains, sour grass, dry meal, dust, bad hay, and many other tilings, cause tliis disorder. Give the followmg, which n almost a certain cure in two hours. 1 oz. of Spirits of Sweet Nitre. 1 do. of .Spirits of Nitic. ' 1 tlo. of Tincture of Opium. ; I do of Sweet Oil. All to be given together in a gill of warm ale. Bed the horse well down, and leave him that he may get a little sleep, after which he will net up, and fail to his meat. This is one of the be^t medicines that has yet been found out. It has saved hundreds of horses, and will save hundreds more, if rightly applied. THE BILIOUS OR INFLAMMATORY CHOLIC. Symptoms. This kind of Cholic, besides most of the symptoms of the former, is attended with a fever, great heat, panting, and dryness of the mouth. The horse also generally parts with a little loose dung, and a little scalding-hot water; which, when it appears blackish, or reddish, indicates an approaching mortification. rilHF— Tnlte three ounces of Senna, and one ounce of Salt of Tartar: infuse them in one^uart of boUing water i.earlv an hour; then strain rt off, and arfd two ounces of irni&l 'ctuar",^and four ouubes of Glauber's Salt. M« them when hot, or they will not dissolve. If the disorder be not removed by the above medicine, but, on the contrary, the fever and inflammation continue to increase, attended with a discharge of flesh-colored matter, the event will probably be fatal ; and the only medicine likely to prevent it, is a strong decoc tion of iesuit'3 bark, a pint of which may be given every three hours, Tiixed with a gill of red port wine; or you may give one ounce of the powder of bark with the wine. Or, if these cannot be got easily, cive four ounces of tincture of rhubarb in three gills of red port tine Also give a clyster every two hours, made of two new-laid eggs, well broken, and two ounces of London or Venice treacle, in one quart of milk. Give it warm. If the horse recover, it will be proper to give hira a gentle purge or two in a week after. Take » 1 oz. Rhubarb, in Powder. J do. Jalap, do. Work them up into a ball with syrup of buckthorn, and give it to the horse, with warm water to work it off. little, lie will lie le will lie for an his head thrown by bad meat, or ter when hot, or water, or by the [ider my care in drinking ice, or St, bad hay, and llowing, which i% ed the horse well fter which he will !it medicines that horses, and will CHOLIC. the symptoms of ting, and dryness I little loose dung, pears blackish, or if Tartar; infuse them f, and add two ouncei them when hot, or thejr licine, but, on the increase, attended will probably be is a strong decoc- every three hours, give one ounce of nnot be got easily, gills of red port e of two new-laid Venice treacle, in ra a gentle purge irn, and give it to THE COMIi^ETE FARRIER. «|| THE DRY QniPE8. SvMProMS. This disorder mostly proceeds from costivcness and 8 discovered by the horse's frequent and fruitless atln pts to dun« the backness and hardness of the dung, the frequent motion of hS t.UKE. Ihe first thing to be done is to draw the duti.r o.it nf tK- 4 oz. of Caitor Oil. 4 do. Tincture of Senna. I do. Oil of Juniper. Give them all together, and then the following clyster If the horse do not mend, repeat both the drink and the clvstcr Dunng this disorder the horse must not have any dry fooTbtU bo, ed l.nseed, and scalded bran, with warm water to drL. Gent e PholTtH*^ account that I have given of the different species of the Chohc, the reader will be abundantly convinced how necessary it iS to be acquainted with each, that he may be able to give proper Vid cines and to relkve the creature's excruciating pSns.'^ He sJTlJ carefully avoid all hot, violent medicines, which ilwaji prove hurtful m every species of this disorder, and frequently fatalf Norls U anv wonder hat horses treated in that manner shoiw die for such medf ernes stimulate the neck of the bladder, augment he heafoPth; morlfii'r'"'' T'*^ r «'^^> -^"^ '"fl^'"^ ^Kwels, by whU a Sharp fits of the Gravel are sometimes taken for the Choiio- h..t WORMS AND B0T8. Much haa been said concerning Worms in horses anH h„» i:«i understood. I have often been aftonished at gS fjJmerl an3 farriers, not having a better knowledge of them fonLrr !!' "** horses killed by these nauseous vermin thl b74'£g i . a«J many are kept weakly and low in flesh by them. ^ ^ ' '** h-I r^ ?r"®"* ^°'^^ ^^^^ ^"^^ »^«» destroyed by them- some towels so ftuVfTem'^ Ti! *'*™!?^''.' "^^ °'^«" ^-« "^d ^ twwels so full of them, as to have the inner coat eaten entirely off common. The worst sort to destroy a™ 1™,,™ j ' ™°* «.nWi„g earthworms, but >^<^neTX"u.^Si.y^i:i"Z S 18 THE CO.MPl/"TE rARRIER- . ^1-1 i;^o <.n,l nrp vrrv hard: tlicsc aro called Bound tr ''"^'' T ^o'ext a ' sUwoml about the .ize of a sewing Worms. The next art sum. ^ ^^ ^^^^j^ ^jj^^ ncecllo; they have rcddmh, f ^J '^^^^^^j;;'^^? troublesome to horses, and are called ^»cflnde«;-thcso are auovty ^^^^ ^ The third sort are «»'°r^> /'"e'^^YJ^Tes «e any food that they are mostly at the stomach; but w*^^" ,'^°"J' ^^Ly lose their hold, and fond of, they fill »f'''"r^^J^J°ul"'Ldam^^^^^^ <^-'^^ ^'^^^ come along with the dung ^^^ * " of t^e ' h„rse ;-this happens and stick to the end gut, Partly out ot the no mostly in spring, ^^i-" they f t U e jmc^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ It is well known that ho"«« ^^ f f^Jj^^ J^^,,,, vermin were thrive, or carry '^"«^«^^^' J*^J"^^^^^^^^ of the horse; and it nrevented, it would add much t« th^jr^"^^ ^^^^^ ^^ Inight be done by gwmg h.m a decoc^.on of Mt ._^ ^^^^ ,^^^^^ wormwood, m sprmg. It may oe uui , ^ ^ j f wormwood, Civcn two or three times a week. Or » «^«°«"°" j ^ i^^ge the animals are different, ?"<; f ^/^ "' thev are never dangerous When the Bots are seated m the strait 8"^' V^^ " ^^^n ^ome in tho but are often thrust -^w.th the dung- Jh^^^^^^^^^^ ,^^^, ,,,,« months o May and June, and scarcely ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ a fortnight. But wnen mey ^^^^ .^^ ^j^^ siomach convulsions, and even death. Ihe B°« " of circular rings, and are about the size of a large •^fSB" ' ^'TP°'^lJ'i7bellies, by means have little, sharp, prickly feet along he -^^ °J^^^;^^^^^^^ derive of which they (listen themselves to the part^rom jr^^^^.^^ their nourishment, to prevent their being 1^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ before they come to m^^unty , and as tney ^^^^ ^^^^ stomach like leeches, it is no wonder that »hey oiten ^^ into convulsions, which termmate in death unless the c ^^.^^^ moved. The violen^agon|es of he cr at^^^^^^^^^^^ of their existence. 1 he ott^e' "^^as fonowing signs : there is a than dangerous, and are ^'f "I^ulru^ the h^^^^^^ le^" ^"^ jaded ; white fur on the end of he «trart ?ut , jne ^^^^ ^^^],^^rd on his coat is rough and staring, and ^tj^our y ^^^^i^ed; and the hair, a white scurf will "««'/^^; J^g\e does not thrive. He though he e«|ts with a remark^ often strikes his hind-feet »g^'"f ."^„,," /'ug cholic, or stranguary ; but without the violent pains tha attend the chouc g.^^,^^^ for he never -"^ - ^t'k lit 1 whi^^^^^^^^^ Ln| and be- ^:iTAr t^SJ^ symptom is when the horse voids the ^^^^^'^dicineshaveh^^^^^^^^ withoutknowledgeor judgment and even contra y .^ ^^j. ^iimmmtmtiiif m-wwtm&s^ called Bound of a sewing on each side, ome to horses. their seat is that they are lieir hold, and Bre catch hold -this happens ss. rms can never e vermin were horse; and it herbs, such ab hot water, and of wormwood, ' each a large riven as above,) 1 are various, as rts of the body, ever dangerousi, ally come in iho in a horse above they ollen cause in the siomach ■cular rings, and bellies, by means ence they derive in such adhesion the coats of the 1 throw the horse the cause be ro- 5 only indications Tiore troublesome signs : there is a > lean and jaded ; land backward on m surfeited; and 9 not thrive, He sometimes griped, c, or stranguary ; ;n laying himsell len rising and be- ihe horse voids the itroy these vermin, to common reason, my opinion it wilt few will fill them THE COMPLETE lARniER. ||^ •elves 80 full as to loose their hold, and to come away with the dunir. 1 advise all who have horses nearly eaten up with worms, not to give rii:ij;S:sU°i,z.'^ ''-'''''''' '^"•- ^^'"^^^""e »^»' «• 1 07,. of Socolrine AIops. 1 (Irutn of Calomel, b dranii to an oz. 1 liram ofOil (if AniMeed. 2 drums of Powdered Uinger i oz. of Syrup of lluckdiom. .K.^^l! f"."P togPl''e'- in a mortar till the aloes are well broken, and the whole IS brought into a paste ; which give in the morning, fasting and to fast one hour after ; also give warm water, and walking exet cise till wrought off. It will not work the first day.) Be careful that the horse be open in his body before you give the ball. In grass time you will have nothing more to do than to give it, and to put the horse where he can get water. This dose is for a pretty strong horse m you must add or diminish according to size. This dose musrbe r^ pea ed as need requires, but not within seven days. It will destroy mos kinds of worms; but the hard, round worms require different reatmsnt, as they are the worst of any to get rid of; To destroy them, give the following. ^ lo aestroy 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drams to an oz. 6 drauis of Jalap. 6 drams of Khuborb, in powder. .,;vYf.°"^'j' "P It, * P.^'*« ^'^^ conserve of hips, and two days after give the above ball. Or the following: ' 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drams to an oz. 1 oz. of dried Foxglove Licaves, powdered. ' * oz. of Worm Seed, powdered. 1 oz. of Jalap, in powder. To be given in three gills of malt liquor from the mash-tub. If the above be given every week for three weeks together, you may be sure that most of the vermin will be expelled, ff the m^edicTnes b^ given in the house, let the food be light and opening, and wa m wate^ for two days, with walking exercise. "waim water aIa^^'T all who have liorses troubled with worms, to give savin, dned and powdered, before they give the worm physic. If one oS LS ''^ g^"/*''' ^''^T^ ^"^°'""' ^" * """'^ °f bran, it will be much better. 1 he above ball is good fo. many disorders besides worms THE YELLOWS, OR JAUNDICE. This disorder is very common in horses, and sometimes it is either unknown, or overlooked, till it gets much worse to cure. A your^ horse is easily cured, but an old one is bad to cure. Some peoplf may say, How can a horse have the Jaundice, when he has no gall-blad. IZll ; TT' ^f^^'' ^ ''^' "" gall-bladder in sight, /« to a larg> vessel in the liver which .nswers the same end. We may here observe the handiwork of GcJ in placing a horse's gall-blad^der diff7re„t^' lu Ll?r/ " ^'^ *"™'''' ^'^"" ''^ ''""^'^^^ that the horse is the jHirtes. and raojt laborious creature in the world; so that if the galj. K^ QA THE Cf)MI'I.ETE rAEaCER. ^ bladder had been pl«.ed on the live: it would alway. have bee. "S^M^xoT^TJe white of the eye. is Xell-- •^'-^^^'^/^'l^J hard and dry, and ol a Pf' « y^""'^/^ ' . j gometimos looks like I „o< checkel, beco... in . . or. u™ unj". »' - "'^.^ ,„.^r. ' " rT.l'""Blf«d'Dkntlfully, .nd a. thi. di«a.. » .l«.ys .UenJed by i;lSr.r, &'i»V S'«n..., wUb .wo ounce, of Castile soap. Then give the following ball. 4 drmis of Indiun Rhubarb. 2 do. of Saffron. 6 do. of Socolrine Aloes. 1 oit. of CaMiie Soap. other the first thing in the morning ; «^"f 8'3^;^ Z ]m u, .h« to work them off. If the disease is obstinate and will noi yu above, give the following ball. 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drama to an os. 1 01. of Barbudoea Aloes. 1 do. of Venice Soup. 1 do. of Turmeric. , 1 dram of Oil of Juniper. A,i»b» b^yed in . -""»■* •;:::':,x.'»5^l;:*s^ rJlTS p'"n.V°o? lt*w«e"3 'wiWing e„.i» Ul. "Trte'i^L i. b«.er.ft., *« «- J^l*^,'; S 'i,d'J^lSdt. ^T.°s« giving one ^- »fi^..'>s^'^t:i tiS::>^^ Kyo" °SntServ:;;Sitr^'vS.g *oA..i". 9oz. of Salt* of Tartar. 1 oz. of iEthiop> Mineral. 3 oz. of Turmeric. Th.«» po.de™ .re proper U. be given after .iO>er of U.e forme, ^"^J-er. .r. .o n,«,y P-t^fof .Tl^XhteX'^™ bj mammmm Ipi'ir III- I nfffinffS" ayi have been } the inside of are of a dunky J ; a slow fever le dung is often ia commonly of ;imes looks like , if the disorder r about. When r medicines are lordcr as bad, or rays attended by lyster or two be- of one ounce of two ounces of r buckthorn, and at night, and the y of warm water \ not yield to t*i« jf buckthorn, and i the other in the iing exercise till it it, for it is much n, and repeated as ew than six days give the following be got, or in warm 3 complaint. ither of the former is disorder, that a he things given by disorder is getting THE Complete rARRrM. ^ v!^?n- Y^' u"^ TT^ '^^ *"y '■°'- o'hcrs to follow • so that I ad V .e a! ,nto whose hands this little treatise may fall t^iiJe thJ medt rLrp;:';;.:nfT:;,r * ''" "^^'^ -^ i WthefwirseTdt THE STAQQERt thThoiiil'rdl" °"'""^'^' '""•• "'"' '' -"«''—' '' ^^tain^l. •.vlmrft.ir?„"^ -^S" '"7* ''°'"'"°" '"■«• drowsiness, watery and some- 'iCr^ mtle or -"f- ^ hang ng down, or resting on the m'anger altered Th^uZ u' ■ '"' "'^ ''""« '""' """« "e very little ihoulXr- **""'! "l °"' '''"" ' '"'^' '" °'hor. Make ,b..„ up into, ban wlU. honey. ndgl™^^^^^^ of the following. , „,. „f on of S,.ike. 1 oa. of Oil of Amber. 1 oz. ofOilof Brickn. oz. of Spirits of Sul Araiiioniac. opirlviti, l.K.tive purge. '»'' ™°'„''li„°'C"o noTo" ti. b? J^-rSr.E»=5l »- -S i^ tb. , Sbeep f ». "'^y »X1'n3tS«tmoLdraw a,„.n.ityof .r "' , r bl»X. Indeed there I,, few thing, that will rol,e,e . :o:w:rlr^^utiftheybelaido„tb,U,inM»^ fZ t'^nr'nJa'rutepr aS » ir^-fonr Hour. If you 3fH5^5£tSf^^^r:^=^^ IM« ^^T^**^®*^ •Mlla fMam tM COMPI.RTB rARItlKH. 2i d cookd hl« tail. uiiilrrHtuiitl tliQ s('tnttliew8' Pill. Ilul/'nii ox, of Adiiiifuitida. H.!!o° ^'JT 'T ■" ''''",'. ?*^ 8''° '^ ^'''''^' (on« tlay ''ctwcen the doses,) and it will give relief. ' FEVERS. Horsp.j, are subject to few disorders which are not attended with more or lesi fever. Caijses. Fevers aro often brought on by sudden heats and colds ; by going out of warm stables into cold ones ; by being clothed, and then having the clothes stripped otf; and by being turned out to grass; for many peopl. turn their horses out to grass in the mornina, and let them layout, u eh is quite wrong: for when they are turn-Jd out to grass, to be there night and day, it is best to tu*n them out at night, for then they will graze all night; but if you turn them out in the nriorning they will fill themselves in the day-time, and lie still all night, which IS the way to catch cold. Most fevers are brought on by colds, therefore be careful to keep your horses as much as possible from catching cold. * Symptoms. The horse is remarkably restless, ranging from one end of his rack to the other ; his flanks wo.k, his eyes appear red and inflamed, his tongue is parched, and his breath hot and of a strons smell. He often smells at the ground, he loses his appetite, and though he will take hay into his mouth, he does not chew it; his whole body IS hotter than usual, but not parched : he dungs often, but little at a time, and it is generally hard, and in small pieces ; his urine 18 high-colored, and he generally stales with pain and difiicultv ; he .8 always craving for water, but drinks very little at a time ; and his pulse IS much quicker than usual. Ct;BB. Whenever a fever takes place, tie first part of a cure is . THK COMPI.KTB FAIIUIER. ,,„Ji„.. .,.,1 if .He 1,0... be ..rong a„^ ia geo.1 -■''•■-■;t?r« li?„ tt^ S :r.' of u: SCi„g^So„, *.» o,. four U^e. . •l^y • 4 oz. of Juice of Liquonce. 4 do. of Liquorice Root. \ 2 do. of Salt I'etre. ^ 4 do. of SaltofTiirtnr 8 do. of Good Raiaiiis. 2 do. of AniseDds. 2 drams of Saffron. M .11 the« u,p.l,.r in six ,u.«. of -■•^/f',;ir jri'SJi rtaod lilUolcl, and then »"»'" ",°5;,. l^ eXr h°™ or man ; and passage, and opening m its nature. u,,t„ashes made of Unseed ^ Thllu>rse should scarcely eat anything but mashes^^^ ^,^ and bran, and given in sma qua"Uties. If ^e r^«^«y ^^^ '^.^ ^^^^^ have dry bran «P""kl«d wrd, wate^^^^^^ „ft,„ eat as a small quantity of it will not h"rt him, ana a hay when he will not eat any thing e\«e. His water s^^^^ warm, and given often, but in ^^^iJi^^^'^^ if he refuse hia moderate, too much heat being pernicious in a fever^ It ^^ .eat. do not let it \- .^^J^.S go aS^ [rtheterarJiu il ty ;rope"b^ut you must be careful not to get '^^•^hUmethod, with good nursing. -J^ often be^suffic^nt to resj,re and knotty, a clyster should be given. MeUndonepTutofPaleRapeOd. f„„r hour's dis- jrrhi;sr:^irH^rr;iotiir*:at!»""^ 2 oz. of Nitre 2 do. of Cream of Tartar. 4 do. of Glauber's Salt. 2 do. of Lenitive Electuary. D^lve them m hot^wa^^gi^ -^IJ J^^^oJ^ ^^^ ^^ Spen, give h'.Tifo"r drams of bark ^^ F> ^^^.y^P^.^ o this method, the horse will begin to jecover^an ^^^^^^ though his flanks will continue » ^^a;; ^^^^ talking him abroad iu „ore%ill be requisite to ^^'^Pl^^Vclean Utter "„T^^^^ on'in the stable, the air, and giving him plenty "^ ^}«*" ' J'^f fe^^, to which horses are 4r4ru"5"£xl;p"rs^sfiifno.pr„pea,„e...d... ition, the quan- leen done, givn four tinaes a or in minutes, let it 3 best medicines se or man ; and greater relief in in its operations, ne, is free in its made of linseed 56 them, let him ay into his rack, rse will often eat should be rather md his clothing If he refuse his y, and clean his walking exercise careful not to get ifficientto restore } blood should be his dung be hard oil them in three ouarti four ounces of Venjce av four hour's dis- he following. the other half the body, you need not it. If he be very jort. By pursuing will relish his hay, brtnight. Nothing Iking him abroad ib it on in the stable, to which horses are roperly treated, via. THE COMPLETE FAR8IER. A COMPOUND FEVER. Symptoms. The symptoms of this discflse arc — a slow fever, with great dopiession j and sometimes inward heat and outward cold, and at other times heat all over, but not excessive. The horse's eyes ai« moist and languid ; his mouth is continually moist, so that he is not desirous of drinking, and when he does drink, a very little satisfies him ; he eats very little, and moves his joints in a loose, feeble mannner, grating his teeth very disagreeably ; his body is generally open, his dung soft and moist, a-id he stales irregularly, sometimes making little water, and at others a large quantity, which is of a pale color, and has very little sediment. Cure. In the first place, take from the horse a moderate quantity of blood. Let it not exceed three pints, but repeat the operation according lo its strength, if there be any tendency to inflammation ; after this the nitre drink already described may be given, with the following addition. 1 oz. of Snake Root. 3 drams of SiilTron. 3 dnuns of CampUor, dissolved In Spirits of Wine. The horse's diet should be scalded bran ; and linseed, boiled, and wrought up with bran. Also give him the best liay by a handful at a time. It is often necessary to feed him by the hand, for sometimes he is not able to lift his head to the rack. In this disease, drinking is absolutely necessary to thin the blood ; and therefore if the horse refuse warm water, he should be indulged with such only as has had the cold taken off. This may be done with a hot iron, or by letting it stand in the pail in a warm stable ; and this will be better than forcing warm water on the horse's stomach. If this method do not prove sufficient, but the fever shall continue to increase, the following balls sliould be given immediately, as th« danger augments every hour. I oz. of Camphor. I do. Gum Myrrh. 1 do. Squills. 2 drams of CF' M THF. COMPLETE FASBIER. ration, the two principal outlets by wiiiol. relief i. to be obtained ; and if this medicine were more often given than it is, it would be a greatcr creJit to the farriei, and give greater relief to the horse. If the horse be costive, clysters, or an openmg drink, should be eiven : and should he purge moderately, be careful not to suppress it; but if it continue so long as to enfeeble the horse, give him a litUe red port wine and bark. „ ., „ , .,1 a Also observe to let the animal drink plentifully, for that will greatly oromote the operation of the above named medicnies, as both the dis- order and the medicines will cause a thirst. If the horse can bear walking about, a little open air will be very proper, but be careful to keep him well covered. r.- u -e •. Particular regard should also be paid to his staling, which, it it flow in too great quantities, must be repressed by proper astringents, and by giving him lime-water; and, on the other hand, if he stale w little as to occasion a fulness or swelling in his body and legs, giv« liim the following drink. 1 oz. of Nitre. 2 do. Castilo Soap. 1 do. Venice Turpontino. 2 drams of Oil of Juniper. Make them into a ball with liquorice powder, and give them ftt twice twenty.four hours' distance. These balls may be given aa occasions may require, and are very proper to convey ofl the greasy, slimy matter from the passage of the urine, and to settle swelled legs. These are the best methods of management, and will generally prove successful ; but sometimes art will fail, and the horse will dis- charge a greenish or a reddish gleet from his nostrila, and sneeze very frequently ; he will continue to lose his flesh, become hide- bound, refuse his meat, swell about his joints, and his eyes wil appear fixed and dead ; a purging also ensues, ana a dark-colored f«tid matter is discharged. When these symptoms appear, the caso may be considered desperate, and all attempts to save the horse will be fruitless. , ., , „» »„„ In this disorder you must take care not to let the horse eat too much, for his diet should be light, and in small quantities ai once, and increased gradually as he may gain strength. When his skin feels kind, his ears and feet continue moderately warm, his eyes look lively, his nose remains clean and dry, his appetite mends, he lies down with ease, and dungs and stales well, you may conclude that the danger is nearly over, and that nothing more is needful bu care to complete the cure. On the contrary, by overfeeding you will run the risk of bringing on a bad surfeit, and the horse may be, accord- ina to the old saying,— Atffcd with keeping. , . u • Sometimes the fever returns; so that every one who has a horse in a fever should be careful of cold for some time after, as his blood i» l»ft in a thin bad state. His legs will probably be subject to swell ; and if the swelling leave a dimple when you press your hnger upon it. it is a .i with a disposition to foul feeding, eating the litter, and drinking large quantities of water. Prevention. When a horse is troubled with an obstinate dry cough, and eats his litter, it will be necessary to bleed him, and to give him the mercurial physic already prescribed, repeating it two or three times. Afterwards give thfrfollowing balls for some time, which have been found of very great service. 4 oz. of Gum AmmoniocuD ■ 4 do. Galbanum. 4 do. ARsafoetida. 4 do. Squills. I do. SafTron. 6 drama of Cinnabar of A4tiniony. Make the whole up into balls with ho"»ey and a little liquorice • The Midriff, or Diaphraem, is that which is eomrn* f called the Skirta, and BoparMM lie Cheat (where the luugs tie) ftm th« Bowi'i. ^■Vmmzmm>^.y^ ie riding sharp, iriflfaa to ibroe a lie complaint by will be. They that was forced I the horse to be it the pretended have sufficiently lat not only the rnaturally large, that the midriff ■tion has been ao ce their natural on whatever, or at the enormous lindering the free >rd6r ; and as the ust consequently less of the lungs, 1 cannot be cured ) cure it are built le complaint, but power of any hu- rules which have n time ; and some )lace, and render itwithstanding his id is an obstinate )r loss of appetite; r, eating the litter, an obstinate dry bleed him, and to epeating it two or ' some time, which a little liquorice be Skirta, and wpanlM THE «;(iMI'l,ETE FARRIER. powder, and give one about the size of a pullet's egg e/ory other mornmg. This is a very good ball for a dry cough. Some horse-dealers give broken-winded horses a quantity of shot when they carry them into the market for sale, and I suppose it is to Urtw the boweli from the midriff, so that the disorder may not be dii*. ooverable ; but at the same time there is great danger of killing the But it is not enough to give proper medicines; the horse's diet should also be carefully attended to at the same time, if we would hope or success. In order to this, the horse should eat very sparine, y ot hay, which, as well as his corn, should be wetted with ciiamber lie, which IS much better than water; and in this disease the horse ia always craving after water. Chsmber-lie is best for this purpose, be. cause of the volatile salts which it contains, as they are a means of removing the thirst. For the same reason, garlic is very efficacious in this disorder. Two or three cloves being given in each feed ; or- three ounces bruised, and boiled in a quart of milk and water, and given every morning for a fortnight, has been found very serviceable. So easy a remedy should never be neglected ; for by warming and Btimulating the solids, and at the same time dissolving the tenacious juices which choke up the vessels of the lungs, it greatly relieves this complaint. a o j Moderate exercise should never be omitted; and although broken- winded horses are not able to endure much labor the first summer yet many have been found less oppressed the second, and scarcely perceptibly affected the third, being then able to perform a long jour- ney, and to endure great fatigue. A horse kept coiistantly in the held, when not in work, will be able to do good service for manv years. ^ It may not be improper to observe that those who hope to cure a broken-winded horse, or even one that ia troubled with an obstinat« cough, by putting him to grass, will find themselves wretchedly mis- taken ; for on his being taken into the stable and fed with dry meat, he will be much worse than before ; and some that had only a dry cough when they were put to grass, have returned broken-winded. 1 heretore always remember that if you cannot keep a horse of this description constantly abroad, it is best not to put him to grass at all, as, instead of curing, it will tend to augment the disorder. In short, the grand secret of managing horses of this kind, consists in haying particular regard to thejr diet and exercise. A moderate quantity of hay or corn, and water, should be given at a time, and fhe former constantly moistened, to prevent their wanting too much of the latter. They should have moderate exercise, but never any that is violent. By this method, and giving the following ball once every fortnight or three weeks, the horse will be able to do cood ser. Tio« for many years. 6 drama of Socotrine Aloes. 2 do. Myrrh. 2 do. Galbanum. 2 do. Ammoniacuin, 2 oz. of fiaybeniea, ip Mwdar 80 THE COM'M.ETE FARRIBR. Make the whole into a ball with a little oil of amber, and a suffi' cient quantity of syrup of buckthorn. This ball operates so gently that there is no need for confinement, except a little the day following that on which it is given. The horse must have warm mashes and warm water, and the utmost care must be taken to prevent his catch* ing cold. A CONSUMPTION. It is hard to lay down proper rules on this head, oi £o give the owner or farrier such an explanation of the disease as nv! -.wi. ' .>'. i y.w. i uu i ii i wiw . w,uiawi I. '*w)'Byijm.i i' »M i MiHjw»w* mSSsiSi THE CUMPLKTE rAUItlER. n iber, and a suffi- erates so gently he day following arm mashes and revent his catch- d, o\ to give the as nvd/ lead him natch for many ; my care in this as well as most jent, and a waste et are commonly oans at the same yrellowish matter, ik motion, and he lUt he grows hot ; on this disorder, 3. In my time I ables. I knew a t a new stable for put the horses in soon caused the water, by which tion, and died. I things to be done, El pint and a half, ited whenever the s assured, by dis- he lungs and tiie e only medicines md ponderous al- le former, and the vdered. bran and linseed, if water, is much a great helper of 11 answer so good icted with this di&- s you can ; and if md take him in al nights. Salt marshes are the proporest places wiion they can be me with. When a horse has had this disorder, ho can never more bear cold and hard service as before, if the horse be of small value, the above medicines will be thought too expensive, and you may give tar-baiU or tar water. Fine Norway tar i» of very great use in diseases of the lungs, and is to be made into balls in the following manner, wliich will be useful either in consumption, a cough, or an asthma, and help them as soon as most drugs that are made use of. 1 II). of fresh Norway or Stockholm Tar. 4 oz. of Garlic. Bruise the garlic, and work them up with liquorice powder into a paste, and give two ounces at a time every other day. A SCOURING, AND OTH^R DISORDERS OF THE INTESTINES. You should consider well what the Scouring proceeds from — whether It is caused by foul feeding, bad water, hard exercise, sudden heat or cold, an overflowing of the bile, or a weakness of the intestines. It It is brought on by foul feeding, or bad water, it should not be topped, but rather be promoted ; for it should be remembered that riature by tins means throws off the seeds of disease, and evacuates the morbid matter which would otherwise be retained to the great disadvantage, and perhaps to the destruction, of the animal. The great difficulty tiierefore consists in knowing when these discharges »re critical and salutary, and when detrimental and noxious; for the former must not be checked, but the aid of medicine must be called in to put a stop to tlie latter. For instance,— if a healthy horse, upon taking cold, or after hard riding, over-feeding, or at the beginning of a slight fever, have a mod- f rate purging, you must be careful not to stop it, but on the contrary to promote it, by an open diet, and plenty of warm gruel. But if this purging continue a long time, with smart gripings, and the inner skin ot the bowels come away with the dung, and the horse loose both his flesh and his appetite at the same time, recourse must immediately be had to proper medicines ; among which the following are very effectual. 1 do not wish any one to give medicines upon merely hearing the names of the drugs, but to know in what manner the drugs will operate before they give them. Take — 1 oz. of Rhubarb, in powder. 2 drams of Myrrh, do. 2do. SolTron. Give altogether in warm ale, and warm water for two days af\ei This dose will only work gently, but will be of great service tp the horse, as it will bring away the slime which lodges in the small intes- tines, and correct the bile of the stomach, which is the cause of this disorder. If the horse be a good one, I would advise the owner never to re..;se giving medicines because of the expense, as they will soon make him ample amends by their «alutary effects j and sometimes the S9 THE COMPLETl PARRIER. desire of saving a few pence in a medicine has been the destruction of a useful liorsc. , „ , i .■ But when the disorder continues, and the horse's flesh keeps wasting away, recourse must be had to astringents. Tormuitil-root, (dried, and pounded in a mortar, and put through a sieve,) is one ot the best astringents yet found out, though very little known. I hrarlily wi- » my fellow-creatures would make more use of this valuable root th-u they do. The dose is from an ounce to an ounce and a half. 1 believe that this valuable root has done more good in my time, in stopping loosenesses and bowel complaints, than any thing else. I have known many people who have spent pounds on physicians, and got no reliei, and whose strength has been nearly gone, and their lives despaired ot, but by taking the above in red wine, they have been restored. 1 he dose is from half a dram to a dram, in a little red wine, four or fivn times a day. But you may say, Where is this root to be got, as few qf the druuKi^ts keep it 1 I believe they do not ; neither do 1 wish you to apply to them for it, for they will give you something else that will not answer the purpose. It may commonly be found in dry land, whcrp whins and brackens grow. It flowers all summer long ; its top is small, something like southern wood ; its flowers are small, yellow, an i numerous ; it is seldom above half a foot high ; and its root is s rong . in loose land and old cams as thick as a finger, but in fast-bound lanrt ""men'Tlfe purging is attended with a fever, a different method of practice is necessary. Take — 1 oz. of Rliibarb, in powder. Ido. ' • "■ Leiiilive Electuary. 1 do. Oiuphur. 1 do. Powdered Ginger. To be given in a pint of old ale. This is a very PfoP^-^.-^^^dicin* when the horse is troubled with a fever ; but if he have no fever upon him, give the following. 1 o7,. of Tormentil Root, in powder. \ do. Japan Eiirth, do. Give these in red wine-, or if that be thought too expensive, in oak Dark tea Japan earth iL a great healer of the bowels. Repeat thw last medicine three or four times, to allow it a fair trial ; g.vmg th« hoi^s. at h same time but little exercise, for he cannot then bear much^ Should this medicine fail, and the disorder increase in. .ad of decrea.j inl which may be known by his flanks and belly oe ng full and intended and Ws appearing to suffer strong griping pams, give the following clyster. , J 02. of Uinslass, disMlved in a quart of warm MilK. 2 do. Mittiridaio. Sometimes the flux is so violent as "«» ^^ ^f ^^"^JXwfn^ 6oii oedine medicine, «he;? recourse must be had to tne toUo^'ng- dou ThSfS of oak bark in a (,uart of water, strata it off, and add- 9, oE. of Tormentil Root, in pjwder. he (iostruotion of sh kcops wasting Liilil-root, (dried, 18 one of the best I hi ariily wifh aluahle root thuu a half. I believe time, in stopping s. I have known and got no relief, ives despaired of, n restored. The wine, four or fivn J be got, as few of r do 1 wish you t'> { else that will not I dry land, whcri* g; its top is small, nail, yellow, an I its root is strong : n fast- bound lani*! ifferent method of Y proper medicine lave no fever upon I expensive, in oak wels. Repeat thi« r trial ; giving th<» lot then bear much, iob "^ad of decreas- lUy oeing full and ing pains, give the r warm Milk. ercome by the pre- he following. Boil it off, and add— THE COMPUTE rAHRIER. ii' 1 '•■ sliould be repeated onne a day, for Give tliem all together two or three days. The practitioner should carefullv fttt«n.l »« ik- This will do for twice, at four hours' distance. 6 drama ofSocotrine Aloos. J do. Rhul)arl), in powdar. 1 do. Myrrh. 1 do. Saffron. Make all up into a ball with syrup of einaer Aft«r tK. „k two quart, more o! .le w bo .Zd nt' *,', '°° ""»»• DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER SifMPTOMS OF A HtTRT IN THE KinVEVQ TKo k„ |n the back and loins; he .«t.le™\h dXuVTs'^t ;at's%^TliZ' 1..-^ «ye« appear languid, and of a dead color; 4 urineTs foui; gM TUB 00MPLI5TE fARUIEB. p^of ,Se loooct.,^rJr.hlHo.., having .a ou„c, of g.m .r.b,o. and an ounce of honey dissolved m it. lo«. of Salts of Prunella. 6 drain* of Sporinuceti. 3oz.ofCaiule Soap. Add 0. n,«oh honey ., -m m.k. . b.,1 , .„d if .he u^^^^^^^^^ 'r/Mi'u^: ElV;.r.n"d'^J*oi..»y puru..n.«u,e».n.. I 01. ofVenice Turpentine. 1 do. Castile Soap. 6 drams of Nitre. 2 do. Myrrh, in powder. Make tho whole into a ball with honey, and waah it down with . 'Thl,t'S^'ttrnSJS"on;eatMent in thi. di»,d.r .n,l .m rreKS'i=fhr„nSJ^^n™^ff=5 '"r«'?,tr^%°VHr.""r™r» TH. f^K o, r.^ n^»»... Y. train ; he cannot »e soon at every unmatlon from a icre is no method lifted in the back, lehind, and indeed but his urine the of the back, idneys is bleeding, means an inftam- i to think that tho being feverish, and be repeated ; for ktely removed, the is the principal, it vice. Put a rowel Is twice a day, in a ince of gum arabic, the urine be bloody, ever continue, you sra, and the cooling, 11 it abate. These IS the disease ia too till passes with pain following balls, and stale without pain, ilent settlement. vash it down with a is disorder, and will I this malady is too •ine continues turbid, d smell,— a sure sign illy terminates in a lely incurable. method for removing r from dung pressing it proceeds from an ICK OF THE BtADDEtt. n the above cause, he wide and straddling, THE COMPLETE FARnrBR. ^ Cdbs. First bleed largely, and then give the following. I M. of Spirit! of Sweat Nitre. 1 I f/fuP o*" Marehoiallowt. 1 do. Viiuice tloap. Cut the soap small, dissolve it in a gill of hot wa»er n.it fh« «k« to It, and give it to the horse. Repeft it every ei«hi lit t'" dissolve an ounce of irum arabic anH «n LZl% -^ • ""' ^^^° water, and let him drff ^rnSuH^Vf^t "The' w1lTdriK"7h°^ own accord, it is best- hn» if ««» u i- • . ' """" " °' his greatly tend to Jemove' the caurof Z dis at i"? '''"' "" '*. "'" terminate the effects. ^' *"'' consequently to every "pound of Itae po^'h. „„,?i of «L, ■ ■ ■.'"r''*"'' «>' I oz. of Peruvian Bark. 1 do. Japan Earth, in powder. ,. * do- Irwli Slate, do. needfl.V'*'^ '" ""^ '"''"' '^"^ y^" ">«y "peat it as oAen «, THE MOLTEN GREASE. t«?'Sr,".r:ro-.ttr^'t''ri£u?rl^^^^ |» THB COMPI.RTK KARRIER. SvMP'OMS. It la alwavb aitoi..lo.l will, a fevrr, heat, resllofmncRa, ■mrtin^'and trembling, inward sickness, and shortness ol bre,uh. X tf>« ori'Tdunl i« extremely greasy, and he often fail, .n.., a iiourhR. HiH hlood.^hen cold, is covered with a th.ck scan, ol a S a wlfito or yellow color, but generally the latter. Iho com a od far? sedimS appears like a n.i.vturc of size and grean., und .s jreitreriy Hiippery that it will not adhere to the ^•nB«'^«,i,,'^"J;^^« small proportion of serum is also slippery and clammy. Iho horse irn loses his flesh a..d fat, the latter being P™»>'''' y .f 'T '^'^ J JlTbS Such as have sufficient strength to sustani the first shock, clrno^y become hidebound, and their |egs swell groatly ; and m thuTtate they continue till the blood and juices are rectihed ; and if that 8 not done effectually, the Farcy, or an obstinate furfe.t, is generally the consequence, which cannot be removed but with tho "Tua/'^rte first place, bleed pretty plentifully, and repeat th« oporat on two or tJree Says Successively ; but take care ^V^^^ oSly a small quantity at a time after the first bleeding, "^ o^herw *. the creature would bo rendered too weak to support himself, and u^ b ood trS)or to be easily recruited. As soon as ho has been ble.< U e firrtimo let two or three rowels be put in, and the emollient clyster Described for Fevers be thrown up daily, to mitigate h. fever and to cleanse the intestines from the greasy matter. At th. same t^e plenty of wator-gruel should be given h.m, and sometime, a small quantity of water, with a little nitre dissolved in it. Ih. lattrwiU be of great serv ce, as it will prevent the blood from run ning into grumou's concretions, and proving the source of .nnumera We disorders, if not causing a total stagnation, and consequently th. '^m hort mirie treated in this manner till the fever be entireK irone andTe shall have recovered his appetite; arid then it will U EsaJy to give him three or four purges, a week d stant from each other, which will make him stale and perspire P «"t'f""y|.Xtf, J*^; same time bring down the swelling of his legs. The following m well calculated for the purpose. 6 drams of Socotrine Aloes. 4 Jo. Gum Guaiacum, in powder 3 do. Ginger. 2 do. Jalap. 2 do. Oil of Juniper. To be made into a ball with syrup of buckthorn. By pursuing this method the horse will soon be recovered, for this purge will mend SaTpeUte and increase his flesh ^^ ^f VlTJlnd clry' aZ ™«ra nf ftlopa It will brine down his swelled legs, and carry away Xthe superSuous matter th'at clogs the blood. When you give tho physic, be careful to give plenty of warm water all the time. A SURFEIT. Some people pronounce every ill4hriven horse surfeited, whethe. it is so or not. A Surfeit is nothing more than the effects ot an ill- icBt, restlowncBi, XneM of bredth. often fall. iniD a hick BCiiin of fat, The coriL alud 1(1 grcano, unci is fingers; and the nmy. Tho horse jly dissolved into ,ia the first shock, I groatly ; and in I rectified ; and if stinate Surfeit, is 3ved but with tho ly, and repeat thw oare that you takm ding, as otherwise' t himself, and hi»» s ho liaa been blei* and the emollicni ly, to mitigate tli» y matter. At th« lim, and sometime.* solved in it. Thi: he blood from run »urce of innumem d consequently th'» le fever be entirely and then it will b« k distant from each mtifully, and at th« The following ia THE COMPLETE TARRIEt. «' horn. By pursuing his purge will mend weak, add a dram igs, and carry away When you give tho all the time. je surfeited, whethei the effects oi an ilU cnrod disease, and therefore what is calle.l r «J„rf .-. • i diHerent to the disease which bears that n!^'^"','" """'"'» " ""T the latter beinc the bci^inniL nf . 5 " "? ""• *'"""»» I'^^^y ; mains of one. * ''*'«"'n">g of a disease, and tho former the re! keep hi'm^ clean^ ^HU 'kS' wi ni'"''''* .''"7 '"'^^ '^«'" ^'^^^'^ 'o inflammaUon anJ the h»mnV°"'''''"\' '"°'«*' ''''^'^'<^ ^''^ heat and itching, that he oreature^ri^''"^'',^"Plf!'^ """"""g «> violent an meanf'niak ng himself r;w?n3iy''^'■"^'^'"» ii'T^^""' «»'' ^y that and aim Jas nLeZsTs- thtt/l^Lrrr,?™ ^^ ^^ ' are surfeited by Zhfee'L'' '"'T "^ "'^ '•>^'"P'°'"»- Somn ; . cold water when thev are hof . 1 ^ k "i"^'"?' ^""^ ^V ^r'^Mog 1 oz. of Socotrino Aloci. 1 drum of Calomel p». 2 do. Oil of Aniseeds. i" eight days, .„d when the Mdo^Ti^!',,';'"^'"? '""'.l'l>y»'> ounces of the cordial ball, 1^ a lllil.^.l .? * l,""' ?"' '''°" ''■■ f»l of the feUowlng powdreJe'^.^Tataah.'''" «'" ' "<»°- 4 oz. of Flour of Brimstone. 4 do. Crocus Mf'talorum. 4 do. Nitre, in powder. .,.^r i„ .he al• il THE COMPLETE FAHRIER. d run very much. jlly will be found •y third day, and e the staling-balU and form it into a make as many as Jive them at night, re of great service e best staling-balls generally be pei- eak out, especially I throw out a little n with strong mer- latulis, have living directed you, they je being worked too s the case. When ippears immovable, properly a disease, ious disorders, such rs of the kidneys or ,rariouB causes, it ii ledicines can be ap. bod, rest and plenty orm medicines must red iisorJer, the fol- e, fasting, and to fast je times. Bleeding, } hidebound is left by IS, for you cannot go ssed at, neither is il proper; for this disease is so infectious that every horse iiat mav oome near it will be in danger. ^ The Mange is too well known to need a long de^-ription -houtrh name nave been mistaken, and have taken a hot, LhinVeSn for it SvMPTOMs. At first it is confined to the skiA, but bVE condnu' ance 1 vitiates and pollutes the blood. The skin is generally Sick' Sf. andfhe"lS?-''P''""^"'°"V^ mane, the' loins, aVd the Sr« on? ^ *'""* '•^'n^'ning on those parts stands erect. The Xted thTv h'r'.r ^"'"'"""lyn-ked; and when the limbs are attected, they have the same appearance; but at the same time the horse is not raw, nor does the skin peel oft' as in a surfeit r„X, !^u- t *^^"S« ^^ generally taken by infection, for it is so very catching, that if a horse be put into a stable where one n th^ S^- ^^«r°°d'i«f°;« it be thoroughly cleansed, he w U S^rd ly m caTsf of the Man^"' though infection is the general, it is not the oily cause ol the Mange. Low feeding, and running long abroad in cold K t'f Ma'nge!'' " ^^^--nt provenderfwilf cause h^Ls to Cure. When the horse has been infected by another, the disorder IS not so obstinate as when caused by starvation, for the b o^d wmnol llZZ?!"'-^''- .'^''^" y°" ik a hors; has gottrMang^ apply the following where you think it needful, and it will cure it a the beginning without much trouble or expense. 4 oz. or.Siilphtir Viviiin. 4 do. Wliite C'ii|)|).!ru8. 4 do. VV hite Heifeliore Root, in powder. wef ^ Bv Sfri!th!^ '""^ *'"'"' °^ churn-milk, and rub the places bS whpn i T ^°". """^ ''"'■^ """'^ "''^^^ °^ «hort duration ; treatment ^? I .1!"^?^ ''•' ^f S""""* *'°''^' '' ^»" require sharped tieatment. Make the following for one horse. 4 oz. of Sulphur Vivum. 2 do. White Holleboie Root, in „„, 2 do. Blue atone Vitriol, in powder 1 do. Verdisfrise, in powder. 4 do. Flanders Oil ol'Bavs. 3 gills of Whale Oil. powder. 'Uei ,u!f^^ o *°g«ther, and rub the horse well with it all over in the sun, If m Summer, but before a fire if in winter. In Summer vou must a so turn him out to grass after rubbing, but in WinteTeen S warm m the house. You must be careful tf wash your saddS Snd bridles, cart-gears, stands, mangers, racks. &c., well with quick Hme and chamber.he; for f yoc do not clean all that the horse may ha™e used, he mfection will .emain. You will find the above a certaii! cure. If managed rightly, for I have cured hundreds with h, anJTdo not remember one instance of its failure. At the same time give freely of flour of sulphur and liver of anti tElHogjfhJr" '"' " """'" °' ''""^^ '"^«^^^^' •'^ -- * """ Some people say that when a horse is rubbed for the scab he will mfect others, but I am of opinion that he will not, neither do I re member an mstanoe of it. ""^rsjp-i m THR COMl'LETE FAUKIER. THE FARCY, OR FARCIN. Tl.ere have been many opinions respecting Uis disease. Some authors reckon five kinds'; but although there are so many d.fferent branches vet four of them have the same root. The Water farcy is dSntCm the otl>ers, and therefore I shall put f -fterw-ds b^^ itself There is a snurvy which horses are subject to, and which is ofteii called a Farcy; but it is no such thing, for there are only the two kbds of Uie Farcy, which I here shall treat upon. Horses are 7en s id to lave the i'arcy when they have not, for sometimes when neople do not know the proper name of a disorder, they call it the Ccv The true Farcy is a disorder of the blood-vessels, and ge..- erallyVoUows the course of the veins, and when inveterate, thickens their coats and integuments in such a manner that they become like "^sTJxoMf 'At the beginning of this disorder a few small knobs, or tumort^esembling grapes, 'are found on th; v-ns.^whu.h a- ^^ painful to the touch that the creature shows ^^^^^"V^/j^^^J,^^^^^^^^ Lss on their being pressed with the finger. They are at hrj very havd like unripe grapes, but in a very little time they grow soft, and b^^ak and duTarge a bloody matter, and become very foul and un- oward ulce 8. This disease appears in dilTerent ijaces m ditleent hoTses Some show it first on the head; some on the external jugu- lar vein- some on the plate vein, extending from thence downward, on the inside of the fore-leg, towards the knee, or upwards towards S?e briskc In some it first appears about the pasterns, on the sides of the large vis, and on the insides of the thighs extending towards U e grS in others on the flanks, spreading by degrees towards the lower belly; and some horses are nearly covered all over the body at °"CURE. When the Farcy attacks only one part of a horse and tha^ where the biood-vessels are small, it may be easily cured ; but when the Jlae vein Is affected, and turns corded ; and especially when the crural veins, withinside ihe thigh, are in that S^^'^r "' /'^f .^^f '' very difficult, and the creature is rarely fit for any thing but the low est work after it. Therefore those who depend upon some parUcu " m dTcTne, and flatter themselves with being able to cure every species of the Farcy with it, will find themselves wretchedly mistaken, for difllrent medicines are needful, according as the disease is superficial o h vetemL. The former is easily cured, for «o-f--. -«/"*;« exercise is sufficient; but the latter requires knowledge and expe^^^ ence- and sometimes baffles the most skilful, and defies the whole P^From^rSv:• description of this disease it appeal, that it is of the inflammatory kind, and that the blood-vessels are affected Copi- ous bleedings are therefore absolutely necessary, especially if the horse be fat\nd full of blood. This evacuation ^J^y^ f/^J^^*^! progress of the Farcy in its beginning, but '^s pod effects soon van^ ish, especially if the horse be low in flesh. After bleeding, mix thw following. disease. Some o many different he Water Farcy it afterwards by to, and wluch ia lere are only the on. Horses are sometimes when r, they call it the i vessels, and gen- i^eterate, thickens they become like few small knobs, sins,, which are so marks of uneasi- y are at first very ,ey grow soft, and ^ery foul and un- (iaces in ditFerent he external jugu- hence downward, upwards towards terns, on the sides extending towards jgrees towards the 11 over the body at if a horse, and that ■ cured ; but when specially when the dilion, the cure is thing but the low- on some particular cure every species edly mistaken ; for isease is superficial jmetimes moderate vledge and experi- id defies the whole appears that it is of ire affected. Copi- r, especially if the always checks the »od effects soon van- r bleeding, mix thw ' THK COMl'LETE FAItKIEB. 4 oz. of Crenm of Tartar. 4 (Jo. Liver of Aiiliimiiiy. 4 do. Lenitive b^lcctuury. 4 do. Cc.stile 8iiup '■I drams of Culomel, 8 drains to an oe. ^_;*f««.tbese into balls, and give two ounces a day for some time. While givmg these balls, dissolve a little nitre in the water given toThe horse to dnnk. These medicines will keep his body open, and allay he mflammatory heat of his blood, which is the principal cause of he disease; and while they are given inwardly to remove the cause, lot the tumors be rubbed twice a day with the following ointment. 4 oz. of Elder Ointment. 4 do. Flanders Oil of Bavg, 2 do. White Vitriol. 1 do. Red Precipitate. 3 do. feSugarof Lead. Beat all well together into an ointment, and keep it for use. This r!!!i l"!n ti!" 1 -""k '^'Vu }^^ *"'"°"' ^"'''«'> ^"' 'eave small bald spots on the skin but the ha r will grow again in time. If the tu- mors break, and run a thick, well-digested matter, it is a sign that the disease is conquered, and the horse will soon be well; but it will be necessary to give h,m two ounces of liver of antimon^ every day ior a fortnight, and two ounces every other day for a fortnight after, in order to sweeten his blood, and disperse the small bunches thai «„T-'^'"^^'!°'^ will never fail when the small veins only are affected: and a !?nort time will complete the cure. ,no^."*HTffl!!!l!*'^ FTJ ^^^^'^*^♦!'« '•^'•ge blood-vessels, the cure is far nli ?K i' ^^' ^*'! practitioner always attempt it at the begin- ..ng of the disease as he then will have fewer difficulties to encoun- « n, ♦ ^"[y. '•^"f ^'^at.fl'nost impossible to be overcome which at first triight have been easily conquered. Therefore, when the plate or crural veins are corded, lose no time, but bleed immediately on tie opposite side, and apply to the distempered vein the followinff mixture, which is proper to dress the wounds with, but not before they are broken out. ' 1 dram of Corrosive Sublimate. 1 oz. ofSpiriUofSalt. Powder the sublimate, and put it into a bottle, and put the spirits of Mlt upon It to dissolve it ; then add two ounces of vinegar, by degrees. 1 his IS a very proper mixture to dress the ulcers with ; but if it can- not be easily got, take — 6 oz. of Oil of Turpentine. 3 do. Oil of Vitriol. - Put the pot in water with the turpentine in it, and pour the oil ol vitriol in, a little at a time, and keep stirring it till it shall have sub- Mded. If the Farcy be situate in the loose and fleshy parts, such as the flanks and the belly, the mixture should consist of equal parts of oil of turpentine and oil of vitriol; but when the seat of the disease is m the parts whic.i are less fleshy, the proportions above are best cal- ouiated to perform a cure. The medicine must be used in the follow THE COMPLETE FARRIEB. ,ia manner. Rub the parts affected with a woollen cloth, and then apply some of the compound oil to every bud and tumor. Continue this method twice a day, and at the same time give «^l'»g Pflf^'J every other day. The balls and nitrous draughts before mentioned will inswer the intention. By this treatment the tumors wi 1 be di. gested, and the cords dissolved ; but it will be necessary to give hver of antimony to complete the cure, and to prevent a relapse ; and al^ to dress the sores, when well digested, with a mixture of bees wax and oil, which will heal them, and smooth the skin. Som;times the disease will not yield to this treatment, espemally when situate near the flanks or the lower belly. In that case it will be necessary to bathe the parts with the compound oil, as far as the centre of the belly ; and at the same Ume to give a course of antimo- "' Th^^foTlowfng composition is stronger than the last, and on that ac count is often used when the disease is obstinate. 4 oz. of Splrite of Wine. 2 do. Oil of Turpentine. 4 do. Oil of Vitriol. 2 do. Vinegar. Mix all together, with the caution before directed. When this method fails, and the disorder becomes inveterate, try the following, which .J recommended by an eminent practitioner. 1 pint of Linseed Oil. 3 oz. of Oil of Turpentine. 3 do. Oil of Peter. 2 do. Oil of Bays. i do. Oil of Origanum. 1 do. Strong Aijuafortis. 2 do. Barbadoe* Tar. 2 drams of Tincture of Buphorbjum. Mix all together with caution, as before directed. This raedicine must be rubbed on the tumors and corded veins once in two or three days, observing that if the mouths of the ulcers are choked up, or so thick as to conLe the matter, to open a passage with a s™*" ^^t iron and also to destroy the proud flesh, which may be kept down by touching it occasionally with oil of vitriol, aquafortis or butter of *"irtWs 'disorder, these are the best ways of proceeding that have yet been discovered ; but it is to be considered as an obstinate one, and is Smeti^s very bad to cure. It has hitherto baffled many an able rcSner! a7d it is to be feared will baffle manv more ; for when the blood has got into such a corrupted state, it bids defiance to medicmw. The ingenious Dr. Brackden recommends the strong mercurial ointment t^or rubbing the cords and tumors with before they break ; TdTn order to disperse them when they are broken, to dress the sores "th a mixture composed of equal parts of Venice turpentine and quicksilver. If the mouth become sore by this means, a gentle purge Jhould be given to prevent salivation. This is doubtless a venr JT«>d method, and if care be taken, will often prove eff-ectual. He <).« recommends the following alterative ball. cloth, and Ihea mor. Continue I cooling phyaiu ^ efore mentioned mors will be di- ary to give livar jlapse ; and also ire of bees' wax iment, especially i I that case it will oil, as far as the course of antimo- t, and on that ac ted. When this try the following, . This medicine 36 in two or three 3 choked up, or so 1 a small hot iron ; be kept down by Portis or butter of jding that have yet istinate one, and is led many an able nore ; for when the iance to medicines, strong mercurial lefore they break ; I, to dress the sores ice turpentine and ins, a gentle purge abtless a very j^ood sffectual. lie ' iw THE COMPLETE FARRIES. 1 oz. orLiverorAntiinonjr. I do. Bezoar Mineral. 4 du. Cordial ball. 48 Beat all well together, and give about the size of a walnut every day for some time, fasting, and to fast two or three hours after. I have giren you the best prescriptions that I am able to give, and such as will not fail to cure if properly applied, if the horse be not in- curable. I have been more particular in treating of this disease, be- cause It is common among horses, and very often managed improperly by those who pretend to cure it. Such therefore as have valuable horses m this disease, would do well to be careful whom they employ, and assiduous in observing the methods they make use of to cure it. It they do not think proper to attempt a cure themselves. But in my opmion they may do it better themselves, by following these directions, thaa most farriers they can employ. THE WATER FARC\. This disease varies very much from the last, and would more properly be called a Dropsy than a Farcy. There are two kinds of this disorder, but they are nearly of the same nature. One of them IS produced by indisposition terminating in the skin, as is often the case m epidemical colds; the other is a true dropsy, where the water is not confined to the belly and limbs, but is found in different parts 01 the body, and a great number of soft swellings appear. When you press the finger pretty hard upon any of the swelled parts, or under the belly, it will leave a dimple, as if it were pressed on paste. When you find those swellings under the horse's belly, or on any part ot the body, you may take it for granted that he has got the Dropsy, or what is called the Water Farcy. ^ ' This disorder mostly proceeds from foul feeding, or a continuance ot very wet weather in the end of Summer. It mostly happens in the autumnal season, and greatly injures the health of such horses as stay abroad, rondering the blood sluggish and viscid. Cure. Wherever the swellings appear, make scarifications, that js, holes through the skin. This may be done by a short fleam : and It you have not one short enough, put a collar made of a piece of leather on it. If the swelling be under the belly, strike a good many holes in at a time, but be careful to avoid the veins. By this means a great quantity of water will run out Taps in the brisket are also often of great service. I have fleamed horses four or five times before I could get the swelling to subside. When the water has subsided, the blood is left in a bad state, to remedy which a gentle purge should be given two or three times, eight days distance, to re- ^°uV i"« «""is of the blood, and brace up the relaxed fibres of the whole body. Lime-water is very proper, with a little nitre in it, and let tlie horse a food be warm mashes of bran, with a little malt in it. His keep must be increased by degrees. The disorder mostly hap- pens to young horses that have not been used to high keep. You must give one of the following balls every day, omitting the time when the physic is working. se> enp ^t THE COMPLETE FARRIBI. ' 2ol ofSqiiillf. 1 do. Cuinplior* 1 (lu. Custile Soap. k (lu. i'urueiuine. 4 Ac. Yellow UoBin. Make these into a ball with honey, and give one ounce at a time. Tiiese balls will work the water off by urine. When the horse has been treated in tiiis manner till the water is evacuated, and he begins to recover, give him a pint of the following infusion every day lor a formiight, fasting, and let him fast one hour after each dose. 4 oz. of Gentian Root. 4 do. Ulack Hellebore. 2 do. Jesuit's Bark. 4 do. Cumoinile Flowers. 1 Handful of Centaury. Boil all together in six qurrts of water, for ten minutes, let it stand till cool, and then strain it through a cloth. This strengthenmg drink will brace the fibres, cause the fluids to circulate quicker, and complete the cure. 8PRAIN8. Ai: kinds of Sprains resemble each other. They are a relaxation of the tendinous fibres, from the muscular parts being overstretr ^d. A SPRAIN IN THE BACK. Sprains in the back are mostly caused by over- weighting the horse, or by his loosing his hind-feet on the side of a hill ; and sometimes by putting him back too quickly. There is much difference between a Sprain in the back, and what is called tifled in the back. Some- times a horse catches cold in his loins by having his clothes or his saddle taken off when he is hot, and being turned out of doors ; and some horses are subject to Rheumatics, which make them lame in many places, and are generally taken for Sprains. To cure a Sprain in the back, first bleed pretty freely, and then give the following drink. 1 oz. of Tincture of Guaiacum; 1 do. Balsam Capivi. 1 do. Oil of Juniper. To be put into a quart of strong parsley-root tea ; half to be given at night, half in the morning, and plenty of warm water to work them off. .„,..,.,./.• Also lay a sheep's skin with the flesh side to his loins tor six or eight hours, if lie can bear it ; and then turn the wool side to him, and let it stay on a day ; and when you take it off, sheet him well for fear of catching cold. Also make a plaster of the following, 2 oz. of Oxycroseum. 2 do. Paracellis. ' 3 do. Red Dominion. 2 do. Burgund.v Pitch. Melt all together, and lay them on pretty warm, and put a little wool, clipped short, on the charge while hot, and tlien pour on a little ^itr ■ ! — . unoe at a time, n the horse hds 1, and he begins every day lor a h dose. utes, let it stand is strengthening ate quicker, and are a relaxation ig overstref' dd. ghting the horse, ; and sometimes fference between le back. Some- is clothes or his ut of doors ; and ke them lame in freely, and then half to be given n water to work is loins for six or wool side to him, iheet him well for following. 1, and put a little en pour oa a little TBI COMPLETE FARRIER. 46 ctid water to fasten the whole togetlicr. I am Hcquain.ttid with. Tlicse are the best methods A SPRAIN IN THE SHOULDER. When the shoulder of a horse is sprained, he does not put out that lea like the other, but in order to ease it sets the sound foot firmly on the ground. When trotted in hand he forms a Ifind of circle with his ^ ame leg, instead of putting it forward, and when he stands in the stable tliat leg IS advanced before the other. ^Z^^'^ is what is called a Shouldcr-slip, which is worse than a sprain. When this happens the horse can neither lift his lee nor put It forwards. You may know this by the shoulder-blade standing Se im« 1 °'^"VL ^T '° '•'''««'•'} 'hat you must make him stanf on the lame leg, for the leg he st&nds on will always appear a little higher than the other. The flesh will also shortly waste away from the shoulder-blade, which is a sure sign of a Shoulder-slip. Whi, this accident has taken place, put a tap into the lame side of the animal'! breast, and blow the shoulder full of wind with a pipe. When vou aJJ'hlZ tf '^' fl^ '° ^""'l^' '^P ^"' ''^''^ the skin fast to the pfpe" and blow the part that yon have rinded full, and let some one drkw on oTThe?ho.';!3 ''k,''."""'^ "?■ '''' ^'Se of his hand as Tas the top of the shoulder-blade, and then put in the tap, or rowel, and stop the hole up well with tow and salve. Give warm water for tl ree davs over with the following liniment. 2 oz. ofSpiritBofWine. 2 do. Sweet Oil. „ 2 du. Spirits oC Sal Ammoniac. Shake them well together, rub the shoulder well with the mixture every third day for some time, and if the horse do not get bett™ S three or four times rubbing, use the following. ueutr «iin 2 oz. of Oil of Turpentine. 1 do. Oil of Orignnuin. 1 do. OilofBriuJiii. Shake these up together, rub all on at a time, and walk the horse about a little afterwards. When near the sea, swimmi^gin the salt TgrlSZ! ''°'"' •'"' ' "^^^ '^"°"" «"''"™-g - fre'sh waTer be ,A ^?™l° I" ^^^ shoulder point requires nearly the same treatment as a slip, but you need not blow it. When it is attended bVinflam m!f-K, !J u " \ s^fi^'ng or an inflammation takes place, it is mostly caused by a hurt, or by a stroke from another horse^ If'there eveJ^rrd^yr' ' "''^''" P"°* ^'" ""' '^' ^°"°^^"g "''^"^ 1 oz. of Oil of Peter. 1 do. OU of Amber. 1 do. OilofSpilce. 1 do. Oil of Bricks. 4fl THB COMPLKTE FARRI»». 1 01. of Oil of Tiir|)nmino. ' 1 do. Oil of Orit;iii"M'>. 1 do. Dil of Swallowi. 1 du. Uil of Amber. Shake these together, and rub the shoulder point well with them every third day; and if the horse continue lame, recourse must b« liad to blistering. A SPRAIN IN THE COFFIN JOINT. This is often a grievous disease, and it is difficult to discover where the lameness is. It is often neglected till the joitit grows stiff, and then the horse pitches upon his toe, and is afraid of bearing any weiffht on his foot. If you press with your thumb in the hole in the horse's heel, and upon the cornet of his foot, you will soon discover whether the hurt is in the Coffin Joint. . , , ., When people cannot tell the cause of a horse's lameness, they often say that he has got sprained in the coffin. In my opinion it is better not to doctor a horse than to apply st 'to you 1 now not what. If people would have a little patience, r-.Oo. lamenesses would soon show themselves, especially a Sprain in the Coffin Joint, for it would raise a ring round the cornet of the loot, not much unlike a King- bone, but doner to the foot. ,.,.,, e .u _ The first thing to be done is to draw a little blood from the spurn vein, then mix an equal quantity of oil of bays, and oil of origanum, beat well together, and rub well all round, just above the hoot. Apply this for three or four days together, and if no better, you must have ' recourse to repeated blistering. A SPRAIN IN THE BACK SINEWS. This kind of sprain is more frequent among horses than any other, and is so common that I need not describe it, but only inform you how to cure it. .,.,,. If it be recent, bathe the leg with a little hot vinegar, or verjuice, with a little saltpetre dissolved in it, and put round it r proper ban- dage: or, curriers' shavings, wetted with a composition made of vinegar, spirits of wine, and a little tar, and laid on the swell mg with a pretty tight bandage round them, will be of great use. Take it otf once a day, and soak the shavings again, or get fresh. Injuries of this kind must not be expected to be removed immediately. Rest is absolutely necessary, and turning the horse out to grass would be of great service as soon as the swelling disappears, but not before. If tliese methods fail, the next thing is to blister; for I have known blis- tering succeed when all the former have failed. The last thing to have recourse to is firing. 8PRMN8 OF THE KNEES AND PASTERNS. The knees are iiatle to many misfortunes besides sprains. The Speedy Cut is cIki*.'. by siriking one foot against the other leg, just be low the kuee, snJ is frequently done by a horse that trots high. THE COMPLETE KAURI EK. 47 well with them course must b« discover where grows stiff, and of bearing any I the hole in the ill soon discover lameness, they piy opinion it is 1 now not what, ases would soon lint, for it would unlike a Ring- 1 from the spurn oil of origanum, the hoof. Apply vou must have V8. ) than any other, inform you how igar, or verjuice, it r proper ban- osition nmde of the swelling with jse. Take it otf jsh. Injuries of diately. Rest ia ;rass would be of t not before. If have known blis- rhe last thing to STERNS. es sprains. The other leg, just be ) that trots high. rfemetimes it awolls very much, and is taken for a sprain. Some- times horses get kicked by others, or meet with some other accident Which causes a. swelled knee, which is sometimes bad to remove. A pou tice made as follows will have a great tendency to remove the •welling. I'ftke 4o!!.ofTnr. 4 (lu. 8.iiritiorWine. 3 do. Hogs' Liird. Melt these together over a slow fire, and be careful not to set fire to them, and put in as much linseed-meal as will make them of a proper consistence. This is a very good poultice for many other .1 o.-. ° ifr l'"^'^ ".""^ although but little known hitherto, I hope Iha It will be found of great service. If any substance be left which will not give way to this rnethod,.you must lay on a little blisterina ointment. '^ LAMENESS IN THE 8TIFFLE. The Stiffle is the tenderest part of a horse, except the eye. How many horses have lost their lives by misfortunes iu this part, and how many have been left lame by not being properly cured! A hor« nuV" ri'" '^^ stiffle generally treads on his toe, and cannot set finVtK- ° 1^ ^"""""^ "V***""' ^'^"^ P'^'n a"d difficulty. When you hnd this IS the case, bathe the part well with warm vinegar: and if a puny swelling appear, foment it well with a woollen cloth wrung out ot hot vinegar, wormwood and rosemary, having added half a pint of spirits of V ine to a quart of the decoction. Let this operation be continued till the swelling is nearly gone. per«»on ^rZ Jl.^ horse has got a stroke and cut by the heel of his shoe, frZ\Tt- '""'^ M '*^'" *° ""^"P °"* ^he cold ai:, and to keep him S :2 "^A '^^''^.^i^ter, especially in winter time ; for if the horse ip«!h ^n fu ""^ "}fl«:"""*''°" ^"'"^ °n' there is reason to fear that death wiU follow. When you perceive that a horse has got a stroke and 18 cut through the skin, bathe it well with the following mixture 2 oz. of Spirits of Wine. 1 do. Spiriu of Sal Ammoniac. 1 do. Oil of Amber. A;«nuY ""7^" '" • '}"' ^""^^^ ^^^ P'^^c^ we" with it, and lay on a diachylon plaster with gum, in order to keep out the cold. If the folbwifg.'" ''"^ ' ''"'^ ^^^ P'*°^ '^'" "'"«^' <'°'"«°' with th« If the ^ve cannot all be got, take double the quantity of innipe; ifrIT/ ^/'""""'e flowers, and foment for some time as before mSrf ' R ^''^.".r" '"^^^u"^ fomenting, rub with the above mixture. Be careful to wrap the part up warm, and as soon as it comes to matter, dress it with basilicon ointment. If any brown lee Jv^'^''.'^ *'"l'"''' °^ Benjamin, or balm drops, into the wound. When a callous .ubstance, or proud flesh appears, eat it off" with red 48 THB Cn.MPI-BTE FARRiSft LAMENE88 IN THE CUP-BONE OR WHIRlEBONE. A lainoncsB in lliis part of tlio hip isdiscovcred by the liorso 'a drag- ging his leu ttftor iiim, and dropping bacitwards on bin hoel when he trots, li'tho musuU'H of the iiips only are injurt-d, tiie lameness may bo soon cured ; but if lite li),ranionts of the cup are ftllectcd, or relaxed, tlie cure is often very tedious; and when tiio cup is full of ulueish liquor, the cure is doubtful. I have known the ligament which holds the hip bono in the cup to bo broken, and then the hip bone has come loose ; but this seldom happens, and when it does nothing can be done to relieve it. When a horse is laino in the cup-bone, rub him weli with the following mixture. 1 o/.. of Oil or Anibor. 1 do. Uil of UrickH. i (lu. Oil urOriKnnuin. I Uu. Uil orTur|)aiitine. Shako these well up, rub one half on the cup, and the other half thfl third day. 1 have known this mixture remove the complaint when of long standing; but if it fail, you must try what blistering will do. The last thing to be tried is firing. I have fired horses that have been lame above a year, and cured them by it. It is very easy to fire a horse in this part. Take the iron and mako a circle, eight inches in diameter, like a cart-wheel, with scores about an inch asunder. Cut nearly through the skin ; and if you do cu\ through in some places, it will be no worse. Then lay on the following charge. 2 oz. of Oxycroseum. 2 do. Pumcellis. il do. Ued Uoiiiinion. 2 do. tiurguiidy I'iteh. Melt these all together, lay them on pretty hot, lay a little wool, clipped shortj on before it cools, and then throw a little water on to fasten all together. Sprains in the Fetlock, or anywhere in the limbs, may be treatea in the same manner, and if the oils will not remove the substances, blisters will ; therefore I shall give you a recipe for a blister suitable for those complaints. Take i oz. of Quickullver. 1 do. Venice Turpentine. 3 do. Flanden Oil of Bays. 1 do. Gum Euphorbium. 1 do. Spanish Flies. 2 drains of Oil of Origanum. Rub the Venice turpentine and quicksilver well in a mortar for some time, and then put in the oil of bays and rub for some time longer, till the quicksilver is quite killed. Powder the gum and flies well, and then mix all together. When you lay the blister on, rub it well against the hair to get it to the bottom ; lay it on with a broad- pointed knife, and cover it with a cloth, or the horse will get his moutii to it. ,,./.. This blister will answer -...y purpose you want a blister for, but you must observe that there re \8t be fifteen days between the times of lay. ing it OD. tLEBONE. le liorso's drag- I hoel when h« luiiioiiess may led, or rolaxeu, full of glueish int which liolds bone has come iig can be done , rub him weli le other half th« npluint when of nering will do. I that have been. 3 iron and makn itii scores about d if you do cut on the folio winj» ly a little wool, itle water on to may be treated the substances, i blister suitable in a mortar for b for some time le gum and fliea blister on, rub it m with a broad- nil get his mouth ister for, but you the times of lay- THE COMILETK FARR.nn. .- 48 THE BONE-SPAVIN. cas.ly cured than i„ ,he latter an t L^ 'T ""'' " '" "'"^•'' "" '« colts, or young horses arc nn/«^ l i '"" g^^^ 8pontun..ously on ; -t huv,/nrri?rd aft hel full ri r«" "" ""• """"' '" ''"'«^'^' ^Y. «'•'• ««"orally incurable ^ '' ""'^ "'"'"'"^ ^" old horsed Spavin, as there is no difTeronL »?^^ P"""''^*' """"' '"'• a Bono i^ry Knot, but still it is a B^n^e ^s;«tr"" '" '"" «"'- -" '' a ou;,:;;7S,1r»t- j^SJ- when ^-.o Sl,avin Is first con.„g ■ out a Spavin. anJto cominu^ 3"°" ""*' ^ ''°"« " 'ikoly tilt time, by whioh means you ly stop a Sn!' ''""^ ^°""'e'"' <"-• """"e Curb. Mild medicines should t'^usefe',? " ^•?""« '"'"^• hJ '".t ''''"■' '■'"^ ^«" the tumor down VvhI'" " ^?""^' *' "'^^ better than trying to remove it at once J- ^""''' '"'""'' '" '""'^'' often have a very bad effect and nrn^f ^ ^°''^''^'' "'^^^odn, which those they were intended to Remove But .r/n '^°"««1»«"ces than are absolutely necessary, and arordin.Tv v • "•^T" ^"''^^ "'«/ prescriptions for compounding 3? • ^^ "^""""^ «"t'>o'-s have given 1 will not enumeraSS herTf r'hrn""'.''^'" '^' int^'ntionT bu" the ast chapter will be f^nd tr^nswer b,^''''^"^ °'""''"'"' «'''" ^ then the ointLrL^ ^yVck SSriff 'f r' ^'^ " ^^ ^'-. -c, make the application in thVmormnV anlt?'^ ^T u ^' '« P'^P^' to he rack all day without any Sr^' but „l • ? l^^ ^"""^^ ^'^^^ uP to 'n order that he may lie down 1^a\ ' '"^''* ''« must be littered off put a white pitch pLster oter w ^Z!^'"' *''" '^''■^*«'- ^'^'^ eS« When the blister hKnl? "' ""'^ *'^ " «» ^^th broad tanp * peel off, it shoulfbe app£Ta"s3r' ''^r^'^ ''^''^ '^^'y'^-, fore and the second will have a Zi ? '^^n.'*'"^ '"'»""«'• »« be- When the Spavin ha comiJuTd Snrthrhf ^ ' *'^^" '^' «"'. ^h/t" r'r'^'P"''''P«fiveorsSes^'bu,h- ' '''" '^"^^ '» he that after the second time you mult ToVbe iUV'.k"^^ '°°''««'-^° bO TUB CUMl'LETE rARUIEB il >. . dangerou. P"'''^'' '"'',°';''J„ '"'„', °.Sn.,,„ lo n.ako . lull In'wer tl.e purpose an well as any huhorto found out. THE BLOOD-SPAVIN, OR B0Q-8PAVIN. and give them dilFerent names but lo my glood-spaviu does ''T„°'mv oniiiion Blood.sp..iM .re generally brought on either by Spr.inTor7.ri labor when the horse i» young, and «.i»ct,n,c, »l.c,. hollow part, whicn m ume "^"""^ . ,, i i^e in a bag, and is '': ^f trSTo XToVgr' s'L^Jlts i? g:es through to the ? fnart of the oinJ and then it is called a thorough-pin. CuHE SoJn aTyou discover the vein putfed up, or Arming a ba^ \Ti oS rbi. dage InS if to disperse the swelling as much as you in ^1 tys meTod do not succeed, you must make two incisions in '"^%e in^ Jm cure mSst ^Bog-spavins at the beginning. Spring, or most of Winter, which will be of great service to him. Dstanco without U« k llirougli tilt! skin bovo it, and put a : liion cut llio voiu mil you may cilliur It four or tivo niclts iperduous bono, in lid wlien you Imve L a clolii round it to rcsa it with yellow nto the places ; but rse for ever. I wish avin to make a full loy will find them to out. •SPAVIN. icase into two heads, tain knowledge they A Blood-spavin doea by being got by spa- may safely breed out by a Blood-spavined brought on either by and sometimes when I of the vein that runs ,11 soft swelling in the lame, but seldom till , glue in a bag, and is it goes through to the orough-pin. up, or forming a bag, days after bathe the Itpetre dissolved in it. jUing as much as you make two incisions in t above, and the other then put the end of a it in both places with 1 places, within the ty- out. This method of beginning. Spring, or time foi this operation, 1 let the horse run lui ;e to him. TUB COMPLRTB FARBIER. g^ If /no above mrthiul Cai\ «r » I H, wound with a digestive o 1 .*^;,'r "T"'' ""^ '''"" d'««- ""H i. a dang.rous^,ethoV a" alt lib it"*^ ^' '''"''^">""'- ^^ cas..s, It will not i„ others Sho 1,1 /i ^ . "'"y *"*•"""• '" »ome '« not to be de,Ku.dcd on In oir '■'"'''/•'■"'' « J°in«-l''o. the our. be of sorvice. ' '" "''' ''°"'^^» "°"""g «an bo done that will A CORB. '«» il will, . pricker, ,Lr»M' iu., ,„""„"■ "'i'" ' '<"" ^o'" m,. . A RINQ-BONE. above the foot. Ring-bonc^s come omllT'"' " "■" »° "^^ J"''t J^tloek and the foot ;^but if S^^^Z^^^^^t::::^'^ ' -P-iVif'iuTc:l^^ ff« r- -^^od of cure as a Corb. , Splents. Osselets,TVny other bn^'v''n°T\'""'' ^"^ ''«'' '^ fi^ng legs may be cured in the"Le manne/ ' "^'^^ substances on tife «s only a grievance to the eve ^nd l;'.. '* '^'""^ ? "'° shank-bone horse comis to age • but tho «1„ '^^ ^''"'y °^ ''«elf when the or the tendons are^ r^n^^d the bette'r. '' ''''" ''° "^" '''^ ''«-- Th fl . "^ALLENDERS AND 8ALLENDER8. .he ^r^'i:Z^^^t>l^^^^^ ^nee, and the last on thu. brown matter, and sonietim7« « t,' i ^ ^™^'' ^"^ 'hrow out a vents the horse f om be^S t,! ,• ^/^ ^^'f' o^ scab, which pre should do. "'""^ "•« ^""bs which are affected as he 4i?e ;he?a:fe t^latrenfAvth ''' ^^™^. ''^"«^' -'^ consequently old chamber-lie, o a war^' iXr T'^'^ '"^ashing the parts w J plying strong rn^rcuriaTo^tment sprerr'!^'' ^"'^/fter'wards ap a day till tho scabs fail off when f^!. m7V*° ^^^ "«cks. once then it will be necessary to Jve him ^ ^ ' """ '^^ completed and d.sorder will not yield to tKerSurial Z "^ '^° "f P'^^^'"- ^^ 'he ure of vitriol water, and wa^h ?he Jr^^J '"'"li ""'"^^ " «t™"g "lix- tl«en. up, and cause the sca^sfo flllor ' "' ^"'^ '' ^"^ dry w . , ""^"E STRANGLES. 53 THE COJIl'l-ETE FARRIER. The common kind is a swelling under or between the jftit'. jttfts. Tlie other, which is called the bastard kind, is much the worst. Sometimes swellings appear on the buttocks, break, and discharge matter for a few days, and then dry up, after which others appear in a fresh place in the same manner. I have known horses tiiat have had this complaint eight or ten weeks. The common kind begins with a swelling between the jaw-bones, which sometimes extends to .he muscles of the tongue, and fi ofteo attended with so much heat, pain and inflammation, that before the matter is formed the creature swallows with the utmost difficulty. SYMPTOMS. The Strangles is attended with great heat and fever, a painful cough, and great inclination to drink, without being able, fc^ome horses lose their appetites entirely, and others eat but very little, occasioned by the pain resulting from the motion of the jaws iu chewing and swallowing. When the horse runs much at the nose, it is not a good sign. Although this disease is very troublesome, it is not dangerous, except when the swelling turns upwards against the windpipe and gullet, and then there is danger of sudbcation if it do not break soon. Cure. The Strangles is not properly a disease, but a discharge common to young horses, and therefore it follows that the discharge must be promoted in order to throw off the offensive matter. Thw best method of doing this is to keep the swelling always soft by soak- ing it with softening ointment, such as marshmallows, or elder oint- ment. I have known oil of swallows, with a little spirits of hartshorn in it, be very useful in bringing the swelling forward and causing i< to break. A cloth in the form of a cap, put on the horse's head, and stuffed with wool to keep the swelling warm, will be of great service. Some people apply a poultice, but there is no need of this if the above be properly used. Give plenty of warm water, with a little meal on it : for in this disorder a horse cannot swallow dry meat enough for its support. Sometimes the Stransfles gather four or five times, and break in many places; and you mustpbserve that if the orifices are not wide enough, they must be opened with the point of a knife, and by this means it will be prevented from breaking out in so many places. After the swelling appears, it will be five or six days before it breaks and discharges. There is always a small discharge at the nostrils, but it is little or no grievance to the horse. When the swelling is broken, and the orifice of a proper size to discharge the matter, dress with the following ointment spread on tow. Take Yellow Rosin and Burgundy Pitch, of each one pound: Honey and Coramon Turpentine, of each half a pound ; Bees' Wax, four ouncesj Hogs' Lard, one pound and a half; and of Verdigrise, finely powdered, one ounce. M«lt the ingredients to- gether, but du not put tlio Verdigrise in till nearly cold, and keep stirring all the tiiue till cold, or the Verdigrise will fall to the bottom. This is one of the best salves for wounds that has been found out, and especially for old ones. I'he Bastard Strangles requirei the same kind of treatment, but it is proppr to give the horse a dose or two of calomel physic also. '^ '■':'ii''mm^mims^'imimi^si:im ' :f!'i^ ' "ims^ I the jev -Jftft*. nuch the worst, c, and (lisclmrga others appear in horsea that have sn the jaw-bones, gue, and ii ofteu 1, that before the lost difficulty. t heat and fever, a thout being able, lers eat but very , tion of the jaws in uch at the nose, it is not dangerous, the windpipe and do not break soon. », but a discharge that the discharge sive matter. The ways soft by soak- 3ws, or elder oint- spirits of hartshorn ard and causing k 8 horse's head, and 36 of great service, of this if the above ith a little meal on y meat enough for imes, and break in rifioea are not wide knife, and by this n so many places, lys before it breaks arge at the nostrils, of a proper size to ment spread on tow. ind: Honey and Common i- Hogs' Lard, one pound Malt th» ingredients to- l keep stirring all the time has been found out, I of treatment, but it nel physic also. THE CO.MPLETE FARRXEH. THE GLANDERS 53 This diseaae has baffled all who have tried to mrp ;♦ »„ i v u, JLV!?tlyi'^ 5"'^''' ^l'' discharged, and afterwards a whitish 1 oz. of Roach Alum. 1 do. White Vitriol. if the disorder be newly caughL ^ ^' ^^"^ "^^ '^° g°«* SWELLINGS AND IMP0STHUME8 1 do."spWrof Wiife!''- I 2 ^^Spiriuof Sal Ammoni.u.. D k 4i 11. ""■°. rf CIO. Vinegar. or^j's ■:? r'vSfj;^ iiifi^r^ ■■?■ -^^ f™' »-- •lid form mailer which ™*™,'„ f i k "" ""'""ig <"""<> forivard IM Ihe matte „m,bMtr,e,o™S. /h "" ^'^""," ■"?""" 8«8". y»um.,.r.«i,;i,heti"'VLr;a\:srh^;i-S^^^^^^ 1; ^||| THE COMPLETE FARRIER. it with the green salve before recommended, on tow, for you cannot ..ave a more proper salve. The next time you dross it, thai is thr {"ay after, make a wash of the following:— 2 02. of Spirits of Wine. 1 oz. of Pi. H Alum. 2 do. Spirits of Rosemary. 2 do. WatM Mix these all together, and they will answer the purpose extreme!) well. When you have washed the wound with the above mixture, lay on a little green salve, on tow, and bind it on if you can, but if you cannot, lay on a plaster to kaep ■» on. , , ^ r Some swellings, such as have been caused by bad bariens on the shoulders, or blows on the legs, will not submit to weak mixtures, nor come to matter in a reasonable time. Mix the following, and it will either take them off or bring them to matter. 2 oz. of Oil of Spike, mmram i oz. of Oil of Origanum. 1 do. Oil of Amber, mmmna I do. Oil of Turpentine. Mix these well together, and rub the swelling well with them every other day. I have known this remove obstinate swellings. WOUNDS. Wounds are caused by accidents of various kinds. When the skin is much torn from the flesh, if you are at hand while the wound is quite fresh, take a square-pointed needle and a waxed thread, an i sew it up. Mind to put the needle in straight, one ;-ide over against the other; draw the skin tight, and lie a knot; cut ^'"-. thread, and then take another stitch about an inch off, and &■ ed. Whoi some people sew up a wound they do it the same ■• ■ v vould sew >« piece of cloth, but that is quite wrong, for they siioaid tie a knot at every stitch, and cut the thread off. . . j But when you do not see the wound till the place is growing dead, and the skin is drawing up, then take off the loose skin ; for if you keep it on it will curl up, and leave a blemish. Always keep the lipa of the wound down. /. . . When a wound is upon or near a joint, there is danger of its throw, in" out a joint-lee, of which there are three kinds. One, and mostly the first, is thin and brown, something like sweet wort : the second is rather thicker and tougher, something like melted glue ; and the third, which is the worst, is like muddy water and snort mixed together. This last has deceived many people ; for when the wound has thrown out this kind of lee, with little white slippery pieces, something like matter, it has often been taken for such. When you find any of these kinds of lee, get a bottle of Riga Balsam, and syringe the wound every day. If Riga Balsam cannot be got, use Tincture of Benjamin. I have known fomentations be of great use, especially on the stiffle joint. When the wound is of a dead color, and the lips rise, and the dirty lee flows profusely, the cure is to be despaired of. If proud flesh rise when a wound is in a fair way for healing, take— loz. ofBasillicon. Sdmrasof Red Precipitate. Mix them well together, and lay them on the proud flesh. This ointment is also very proper to dress a wound with that appears dead V, for you cannot •ess it, thai is ihr im. urpose extremel) e above mixture, if you can, but if ad barfens on the eak mixtures, nor awing, and it will 11 with them every ellings. s. When the skin vhile the wound is vaxed thread, an 1 e Aie over against i..'"!!-'< thread, and ■ iT ed. Whe)> :■...'- V vould sew n :iouid tie a knot at :e is growing dead, e skin ; for if you Iways keep the lips flanger of its throw. One, and mostly ivort : the second is ;lue ; and the third, )rt mixed together. ! wound has thrown 3es, something like n you find any of ti, and syringe the ot, use Tincture of it use, especially on color, and the lips i to be despaired of. r for healing, take — -ccipitate. proud flesh. This h that appears dead THE COMPLETE FARRIER. 55 •nd does not discharge a proper- matter. If the proud flesh do not submit to the above, lay on a little blue vitriol, in powder, or touch U with causfc or oU of vitriol; and should no..e of ?heso make it give way, lay on a little corrosive sublimate. The salves, tinctures and fixtures already laid down are sufficient to cure any c'u;able wound^ HURTS IN THE FEET. Horses are oftener hurt in the Feet than any where else, and thosa hurts are often received from the blacksmilh. Every blacksS should be a farrier, and every farrier a blacksmith, for these b^sU nesses should go hand in hand. What is a man fit for who has go the theoretical part without the practical ? A man that has a head and no tongue will do but little mfschief, but one that hra ton-'ue and no head may do much Fewof the fine farriers sent from the hospiS have done any good, but many of them a great deal of hurt. A man without education who has a gift, is better than r. man who hat Slu cation but no gift; and a man of sobriety will far excel one withoui It. A fine tongue often proves a snake in the grass Sometimes a horse is lamed by being shod into the quick. The oot should always be carefu ly examined on the first appearance of lameness. Somotimes a nail with a flaw in it will cause a crea grievance, as one part will oome out and the other will go intf th« foot. Blacksmiths should nover use such nails except^n a frost when they can put them into the old holes. Sometimes they leave stumps, or pieces of na.ls in the feet; and sometimes whe^n they drive a nail they turn the pouit into tlie foot, and then draw it back and put in another, taking no further thought about it, and when the horse becomes lame they say he is gravelled. Few blacksmiths w U stop at telling a lie to clear themselves. '-'^smims wui When a horse has got lamed in the foot, be careful to cut it well out and to damage the hoof as little as possible, and dress the pkce with oil of turpentine, spirits of tar, and^ommon tar. Lay no*^ hot drying drugs on, unless proud flesh rise. ^ ' Sometimes corns in the heels cause a horse to be lame ;_cut them out, and dress the p ace with aquafortis. There is anotr/fauh which blacksmiths are guilty of, and which is a great hurt to a horse tha •s, cutting or paring the heel down too much. The heel bein^best to come at. they clap the paring-knife there and cut them dow^, when there IS no need to take any otrthain at all. The heels are the gTeat est support of the horse, and by paring them too thin, both corn! S lameness m the back sinews are produced .Jfu'^ a blacksmith begins to shoe a valuable horse, especially a road-horse, he should examine how he stands and how he goes ^K ae go low heavy shoes should be used ; but if he high, light ones If ne urn his toes out. he will cut with the heel, and ifh; turn E in will cut with the spurn. If he have a thin, flat foot, he should "mve oroad shoes; but if a hollow, dished foot, narrow on^s. iT "he crust De thm, and the vein near, small nails should be used "*^ '''^"«» Some horses are hoof-bound, that is, have strait heels which pincJi n THE COMPLETE FAnUIER. IJ the voin botvvecn tlio lioof und the cofTiii. When this ia the case, thin the sules of the ieot till tiie blood springs tlirougli, and then put on Bcrew-shoes, and screw the feet out. Let the screw-shues stay on a fortnight. You may screw the feet out more thar. half an inch. The next thing to be considered is gravel rising from thn bottom to the top of the foot, and breaking out at the cornet. How many twit- tcr- bones have been thus formed that might have been prevented! When the gravel comes up to the top of the foot, take away the sole at the bottom, and the hoof at the top, and mix equal parts of oil of turpentine and oil of origanum, and baihe the top part of the ioot. This will prevent a Twitter from forming. A TWPTTEft-BONE. A Twitter-bone makes a horse very lame, and not fit for work. It keeps throwing a tough white matter out of what is called a pipe. In order to cure it, first find out to where the pipe leads. This you may do with a piece of round lead, the size of a small quill-barrel. Have the following ready, viz. Hulf nnnK.orStililimate, in fino puwder, put into 1 oz.orSpirits of Salt, Hildas B'jou m tiie Spirits dissolve tlie ISubliiimtc, put to it tlio juice ot'a inidJic-ui^pd lemon Mix all together, and syringe a squirt full into the pipe when you take the lead out; and when you draw out the point of the syringe, put your thumb upon the place to prevent it coming back again, and then put on a pledget of green salve and tow. Do this every other day, for three or four times, and by tliis method most Twitters may be removed. But, if this method fail, the next thing to be done is to put a hot iri,n, the thicknes of a small finger, where the pipe leads to, and to fill the hole with sublimate, and bind on it a pledget of greeu salve with a cloth. Let it be five days, and then lay on some more salve and tow, and in five days more the twitter-bone and pipe will come out. The wound must be washed with the following mixture, and dressed with green salve and tow every other day, till nearly well. 1 oz. ofliole. 1 01, ofOil of Origanum. 4 oz. of Oil of Turpentine. Shake them up well together, and they will both help to heal the wound and to bring down tiie substance. If any more twitter- bones or pipes form, you must take them'out in the same manner. A FISTULA, AND BRUISES OF THE WITHERS. This disorder has formerly baffled many people who were expert in surgery, but of late years it has been better understood, and the cure more easily performed, The Withers are very subject to bruises, which are often caused by bad saddles, or such as are too wide in the front ; but, whatever be the cause, it is well known that by neglect they often terminate in a P'istula. When the withers are bruised and a swelling appears, lay a poultice of bran and vinegar over the part. People who have a horse which is crushed in the Withers, and pay no regard to it, are worse than t>avagF>s, and are not fit to have such an useful animal. i» llie v3ase, thin ind then put on -slides stay on a alt* an inch, onri liiH bottom to How many twit- been prevented ! ie away the sole il parts of oil of part of the foot. t fit for work. It sailed a pipe. In J. This you may ill-barrel. Have if Salt , Htid as b'jou tm i-uUetl leinun ie pipe when you rit of the syringe, r back again, and ) this every other ost Twitters may g to be done is to 1 the pipe leads to, I pledget of greeu lay on some more »one and pipe will bllowing mixture, ly, till nearly well, of Turpentine. th help to heal the )re twitter-bones or ner. WITHERS. who were expert in stood, and the cure 8ubjec» to bruises, are too wide in the wn that by neglect lears, lay a poultice lave a horse which it, are worse than imal. THE COMPI.RTE FAKRIER. 57 Cprb. After a horse has been bruised in the Withers, the skin breaks and n,u,ter is discharged, and then the owner supposcsiiL tl^e Ebcessw.l subside, but he is ol.en mistaken; and the Jipe ihloh he fn .l!i W' '™'""',?* '"''""■' ''^ ^'^''^ '^'^'''^ '•"X' ™ing forward, in the Withers and lormmg a Fistula. When you /ind tlie disease fheTem!o?."l- ^'''.V"^""f ' ''^y "'•^ P'P« '^P'^" ^^i'li ^ ^h'l'V Ponknifc all - AftPr vn V. '. .^."" 'f^^'' ^">" "»°P''"^d. it will form a Fistula. After you have laid the place open, dress it with the following mixture. 4 oz. of Potashes. 2 o/.. of White Vitriol. 4 do. of Honey. 1 pint of Vinegar. Boil all together, wash the wound well with the mixture, and lav on the green salve and tow. If the above be not dry enou'^h add two ounces more of white vitriol, an4 two ounces of bole. These wTu make a salve by themselves ; and by .he.c methods you may cure Tr^v disease of the Withers-arising from external injuries. ^ ^ but tumors often arise in the Withers from internal causes, such as uZZ:i ^T'- ^"''" l^'' '"'PP'^"^ y°^ '^"«' ""' attempt to stop , nor use anything to put it back, tbv by this means you wot^ld drivS more into the shoulder-blades, and make it worse to cure ; b.it, on varS° y""^' '*'' ^''T^^r-i y°" ^'^o to a««i«t nature in bringi'ng it fo" S r *'^""°' '. ° ''''"'"■ '•'''" '">■ "" poultices twice a day till it S ; ^°7"r" ''" "^'''"* '' '' ^^"^^ "^ ^« «o than to cut h; bu when It IS broken, open the orilice with a knife, that you may have more freedom in dressing it; but be careful in usin« other side of the neck, under tne VVi I lets. The cure is the same as before. Lay all the cavities tuke the following never failing mixture to dress with. 4 07,. of Crude Sal Annuoiiiuc. 2 oz. I'earl-A«Iifi«. o T' n° *• ^ <^o- ^^'l''t« Vitriol. 8,1.. Honey. j pi„, of Vinegar. boil all togetner, and apply it to the wound every day at first, and afterwards every otl r day till well. ^ WARBLES, GIRTH-GALLS, AND PLUSHES FROM SADDLES. These grievances are commonly known, and every one has a cure Str iT"!' ? '^"' ."• ?°'"" •'y °" ''^^ '^P''-''^' ^"^ °'h'^'-« >>' tie stone Jitr ol, and many other things ; but such tilings are very improper, or they always leave the grieved part hard and sore ; buf the follow, mg mix ure will effect a cure, take olF the soreness, and leave the skin kind. I may affirm that it is one of the best recipes yet found out for tne purpose, lake 2 oz. of Extrac. of Uad. 2 oz. Spirits of Wine. i do. White Copperas. 4 do. Soft VVuter. hhlihh 1 oz. spirits of Sal Aininoniac. Mix all together in a bottle, keep shaking it up, and rub the affected f .uocs well with It, and put your saddles and barfens on while the piacos are w.t, m order to prevent them from infecting other horses. THE COMri.GTE FARIIIEB Sometimes horses have what are called Setfa.sts on their bade* Rub thorn with a little -^rcurial ointvnent, in order to raise them and make them come off; and if you cannot pull them out after usmglhe ointment, cut them out with a sharp knife, and apply to the place the above mixture, or heal it up as a common wound. WINDQALL8. Those are mostly on the hind-legs, near the fetlock, but I have known them above the fetlock, and on the arm. Windgalls are not only ey«. ■ores, but lame many a horse. Many methods are tried to disperiie them without effect. If you put your finger on one side and your thumb on the other, and press with one of them, you will find the Windfall to ro quite through the leg. The reason that they are mos.t. ly on the hind-legs is, because the horse stands lower behind than be fore, and throws most weight on the hind-legs. . , , „ Cure. On the first appearance of a VVindgall, bathe the place well with warm vinegar and spirits of wine, and put a pretty tight bandage round it. If this do not remove it, lay on blistering ointment till the cure shall be completed. But should this method also tail, which it seldom does, you must lay the Windgall open, and dress it as a com- mon wound. Before you use the knife, be careful to get the horse a body into a proper cool state by physic. ,. • . Some people fire to cure Windgalls, running the iron on the skm, (what is called scoring,) but thereby do little good, as that cannot destroy the bag of wind and matter. It may draw the skin a little tighter, so that the Windgall will not appear so large. THE GREASE. This disorder is mostly brought on by soft corn, hard usage, want of proper cleaning, or a depraved state of the blood and juices; there fore it is proper to divide it into two heads. . Cure, wiiKN the Vessels are relaxed. On first observing the legs of a horse to swell after standing several hours, and to recover their proper dimensions with exercise, be careful to wash theni clean with chamber-lie, soap-suds, or vinegar and water, every time he comes in, for this will prevent or remove the disorder. Horses that have round or ficshy legs are more subject to the grease than those that have flat legs; but a flat-legged horse is more easily sprained. Nitre, sulphur, and liver of antimony, are proper both to prevent tlie grease and to refine the blood. Mix equal parts of each, and give a meat-spoonful every day in his food. r/. i u u Cure for the Grease from Internal Causes. If the horse be full of flesh, the cure must be begun by bleeding, rowels, and repeat, ed purging; after which two ounces of the following balls should be civen every ether day for some time, and they will work by urine the day following. 4 oz. of Yellow Rosin. 3 do. Salt of Prunel. 1 du. Oil of Juuiper. 2 oz. of Salt of 'I'lirtur. 8 do. Castile Soup. 1 do. Cuiiiphor. s on their back* to raise them and )ut after using the y io thi! place tii9 , but I have known 3 are not only ey«- B tried to disperiie me side and your you will find the tliat they are mos.t. er behind than ha ,the the place well •etty tight bandage g ointment till the also tail, which it dress it as a com- to get the horse 'a e iron on the skin, }d, as that cannot V the skin a little ■ge. , hard usage, watit and juices; there- first observing the irs, and to recover wash them clean ter, every time he irder. Horses that grease than those re easily sprained, both to prevent ti»e if each, and give a 5. If the horse be rowels, and repeat- 'ing balls should be 1 work by urine the f 'J'lirtur. Soup. THE COMPLETE FARRIER. 59 whl^Tr!!T„1l''7''' ^'1 neglected when in the Grease till they have 1 SCRATCHES. This disease is a forerunner of the Grease anH .•« « u^i sco^bti^c'^Lmo? at T.T^' '^- ^'^T ^ ^ "« ^'''"^^^ -^^^ a hot roots of the hair Va.u^T''^'- ""'^ °""" ^^ "«§>««» destroy the they may be relSvP J K '^^l^^'^ '\»° °°n>Plete cure for them, but iTm'^f anVptts'oiU^^^^^^^^^ ^'^"^^ ^"'^ °^«^-"g ---lal wilVlX\t'thfm off.^rr?;' ''.^''''^ °" '^'^ ^^S^, this ointment THE CROWN SCAB. m THU COMPLETE PAHRIER. •curfv scab. Let the liorse bo bled and pliysicked, and then rub him Willi "either ol tlio above ointments, and the cure will bo ellbctod. DIRECTIONS FOR MANAQINQ A HORSE ON A JOURNEY. In the first place, find out whether the horse is in health, and has been properly fed and exercised ; for when a iiorse is flushed up, and has had no exercise, he is very unfit for a journey. Before you set out be cn.eful to observe if bin shoes are fast, and if they sit easy ; also whetiier he cuts before or behind, or interferes, as it is called. If a horse cut with bad shoes, he will probably do it with new ones, notwitlistand ng what horse-dcalprs may say to the contrary. If your horse's back inflame by the rubbing of the saddle, wash the part as soon as you perceive it, with salt and water, or vinegar and water, and have the stufling of the saddle altered so as to remove the pressure from the part afiected : but if the skin be L)i'oken before you perceive it, the injured part should be washed with a mixture, com- posed of equal parts of extract of lead, spirits of wine, and water. You must look well after his back, and wftlk sometimes, in order to ease him, especially when going down a hill. It ofien happens, especially to young horses, that the legs swell, or become gourdy, as farriers call it, with travelling , and more frequent- ly wiien a horse cuts. It is also observed that the hind-legs swell oftener than the fore-legs, because the fore-parts stand highest in the stall, and consequently the greatest stress lies on the hind-legs. The best method of prevention is to wash the legs with warm water every time you bait, by which means the disease will be prevented, and mucii time, trouble and expense saved. Soft warm water that will bear soap, is as good for the purpose as it can be made by any ad- dition, and washing the legs with it, when made pretty warm, will seetiie out the sand and the dirt, open the pores, give c'fculation to the blood, much defend the juice^ 'n these depending parts, end prevent Dtlier disorders. You should also see that your horse has ft w>de stand, good dressing, and proper bedding, as these things will be cf the great- est use in preventing the limbs from swelling. Few grooms dress a horse properly, but it should be remembered Jiat he who intends his horse to perform his cuty well, must U\"* care that he is well cleaned ; and as nothing is more conducive to ^salth Jian friction, his skin should be rubbed till the whole is of a //lowing neat, and then with proper feeding he will answer his master'* ex- pectations. Nothing is of more consequence in travelling than to take car* ♦hat your horse has water at proper times and in proper quantities. When a horse travels he perspires considerably, especially in hot weather, and should therefore be allowed to drink a little more than usual aa opportunity ofiers, which will refresh him greatly ; but never 8u*rcr him to drink much at a time, for if you suffer him to drink his till he will be dull and sluggish afterwards, besides the harm he may receive from drinking too much cold water when he is hot. When you com* THE COMPLETE FAUIIIER. GI and then ruh him 1 bo eilucted. N A JOURNEY. n health, and hag is flushed up, and Before you set if they sit easy ; !s, as it is called. it witii new ones, contrary. 3 saddle, wash the !r, or vinegar and ) as to remove the jioken before you 1 a mixture, com- e, and water. You i, in order to ease the legs swell, or md more frequent- ic hind-legs swell and highest in the e hind-legs. The warm water every 36 prevented, and m water that will made by any ad- pretty warm, will e circulation to the parts, end prevent e has M wide stand, vill be cf the great- Id be retnembered ell, must talf« care 3Rducive to ^salth lie 13 of a //lowing r his master'* ex- n to take caro *hat quantities. When lly in hot weaJbtr, fiorc than usual as ; but never 8u*ror to drink his till he irm he may receive . When you com* near the place you intend to bait at, eiii.,,r at noon or ni.rjit, that is, within a luilo, or a mile and a half of it. you may sudor him to drink more freely gomg at a moderate trot aftorwanls, by wliicii moans the water will bo warmed in his bully, an.l he will go in cool. Observe, however, that if there is no water on the road, you sl.ould never suffer your horse to bo led to water, or to have his heels washed, after you have arrived at your inn, but lot him have hike- warm water when he has stood some time in the stable. Munii mischief has been done by imprur ent rulers who after travelling hard, have suffered their horses to drink as much as they would just at going into the town, or inn wfiere they intended to lie. It is a general rule that when any extraneous body, or foreicrn mat- ter, such as sand or gravel, is lodged in any part of the animaPs body. It must bo extracted as soon and ad easily as possible. When gravel! ly matter has got into the quick at a nail-hole, or any other aperture. It oiigl.f to be removed as soon as possible, but with as little loss of substance as tho nature of the case will admit of, for it is a folly to cut and pair away the hoof as some ignorant farriers do ; because by that means they increase the evil instead of removing it, as it is a considerable time before the breach is prepared, ana *ifl that is done the same part is likely to admit more gravel. So much, therefore, and no more, of the hoof should be taken away as is absolutely necessary, viz. till the blackness or discoloration vanishes: then the wound should be dressed witii the foIlo;ving balsam. t oz. of Gum Benjnmin. 3 drains of Stornx. j do. Bulsain oH'cru. 3 do. Socotriiie Aloes. 6 drains of Myrrh 3 do. Frunki.iccnso. J drama Gum Guaiucuin. Powder the ingredients that will powder, and put them in a bottle with one quart of spirits of wine, and let them stand warm for ei-rht or ten days, shaking the bottle up every day. This is an excellent balsam for green wounds, and no person that keeps valuable horses should bo without it. Apply it warm to the wound, dipping a piece of tow or lint into it, and fastening it on to the part out of which tha gravel or thorn has been taken, and renew it as it grows dry. Sprains and twistings of the joints sometimes happen on a* journey without any sensible heat or swelling, so that farriers oflen mistake where the aliment lies. Tho place must therefore be carefully souglit for, and if you cannot find it, do not begin to doctor where there is no grievance. It may be a slight rheumatic affection, and go off of its own accord. In a sprain of the back sinews, be careful not to lay on anything hot or blistering while on your journey, if you can avoid it. A horse is often seized with the Gripes on a journey, the best and ■hortest cure for which is the following. 9 droniB of Tincture of Opium. I oz. of Spirits of Sweet nitre. 2 oz. Olive Oil. Mix the above in half a pint of mint-water, give it to the horse, and at the same time bed him well, that he may lie down to rest, and b* careful not to give him cold water for a day or two after. A horse that is subject to scouring, or purging, upon the road, has Hl^ Vhb complete farrier. wliat 18 callrd a washy ponstitution, and such hor»t,) which is well worth obser- tion. Up the hill spur me not; Down the hill ride me not; On the plain spore me not ; To the Ostler trust mo not. DIRECTIONS FOR RIDING. If people who have young horses would take a little pains with them at a year old, and halter them and make them tractable in hand, and at two years old put the bridle on, endeavoring to gel them a mouth, and to make them submissive, their labor would not be lost. A horse should not be ridden till he is three years old, and care should be taken while he is breaking to cut his mouth as liltle as possible with the mouthing-bridle ; for when the rnouth is much cut, it grows hard and horny afterwards, which hinders the animal from yielding Jo the pressure of the reins. When a horse is left at liberty till he is four years old, he will be very restive and stubborn. Most inexperienced riders hold the bridle tight when they discover I'Mii. _ rues Beldom bftar it is thoroughly ch and bowcliiare Tno best method )n hard meat, and of the following rtli, in powder. r for use. Sprin- le, and then sprin- n, and if he nave veil as usual, he powder to the ostivc, which will nstitution shall re- )y foul feeding, or Earth. jred Ginger. ight and morning. , give ice Powder. , ji two hours after. 1 and accidents to jiently done in the the horse's address i well worth obser- a little pains with 1 tractable in hand, ring to get thcin a • would not be lost. )ld, and care siiould as liltle as possible Tiuch cut, it grows iinal from yielding at liberty till he is rn. when they discover TMB CO.MI'!.ETK FAKiUEH. 63 he hof!.e to bo frighteiir-d. wliereus, o.-i tiio contrary, ihoy sliould lei the rems .,; loose on his neck, and he would quietly pass tlio object Uiut otfeads his eye. Utiiors turn tLo iiorso out of his truck, and en- deavor to muke iiim face tlio obj..ct j but this method seldom has a good etlect. Wiien a horse starts at any thini?, keep him in the road, ami ^oid Ins head on the contrary side to the thing he starts at, press- ing your legs tight against his sides, by which means ho may bo led. for a horse will not always bo forced up to what has frightened him • gentle methods generally operate bettor than severe ones. The above method may perhaps be unnecessary in a managed horse, but oven ■uch a one should be made to look another way at the time of passinjr unless It IS something you wish him to become accustomed to the sJKht o». A horse whoso fear arises from not being accustomed to objects, Bhould not be treated in this manner, because his starting ia merely owing to an active and lively disposition. The best way to reconcile a horse's car to the sound of a drum, ia by b.atmg one near him at tho time of feeding; but when you are learning him to bear this, or the firing of a gun, do it at some distance at (irst, and by that moans you will not only familiarize him to it but tnako It pleasant as a forerunner of his meat j whereas if he werr forced he might start at it as long as he lived. May not this method tM} applied to his starting at other things, and show that it would oe botiir to sutfer him, provided he does not turn back, to go a little from and avoid an object he dislikes, and to accustom him to it by decrees* convincing him that it will not hurt him, than to punish him ? ' It 13 a common supposition that a horse fears nothing so much as his rider, but this supposition is not true ; for it is no wonder that a horse should be afraid of a loaded wagon. May not the hangin CuslcncJ, To regulate thn inaria^enu'iil of the iMirli in a nioo mailer — Moiiie peo. nil! apply tho weight of the arm wiiere uiily a ulight turn of thu wriiii la required. tioniu peoplo tiiink (ho briillo liaa the ohief power over a horse, but it lias not ; fur inwlancu if the l(>ft spur toiieli him, anil he is at the same time preventeil from poiiij; forward, he has a sign wliie'i ho will Hoon understand to move sideways to tiie right. In the same man. Iter h(! moves to the left if the right s]iur is elosed to iiim ; aiul alter* wards from fear of the spur ho obeys a touch of the log, in tlio same m-'xnner as a horse moves ids croup from one siile of tiie stall to the other when he is touched by the hand. In short he will never disobey tho leg unless he become n.'stivc. liy this means you will have great power over him, for he will move sideways if you close one leg to him and forward if both ; and even when he stands still, your legs held near him will keep him on tho watch, and with the slightest un.seen motion of the bridle upwards ho will raiso iiis heud and shew himself trt advantage. On this use of the rider's legs in the guidance of tho horse's croup are founded all tin- airs, as riding masters call them, by wliich trooper.* are taught to close or open their ranks, and indeed all their evolu tions. When a horse starts and is flying on one side , if you-^ut your lejj on that side it will stop his spring iinmedialely, and he will gopastlh'i object he started at, keeping straight on, or as you choose to direct him J and ho will not (ly buck at anything if you press him with both your legs. You must keep his haunches under him when going down a hill, and help him on the side of a bank more easily to avoid the wheel of a carriage, and to approach nearer and more gracefully to the side of a coach or horseman. When a pampered horse curvets irregularly, twisting his body to and fro, turn his head either to the right or left, or both alternately, but without letting him move out of his track, and press your leg to the opposite side ; he cannot then spring on his hind legs to one side, because your leg prevents him, nor to the other because his head is turned that way, and a horse does not start and spring the way he looks. The above rules may be of some use to inexperienced hcrsemoo, by •hewing them that something more is needful than what is taught by the breakers, and that force will seldom, if ever, make a horse subser- vient to his rider. As to Nicking, Firing, Cropping, and Wrapping a broken bone, I must leave them to those that have knowledge of such things, fni no general rules can be given for them. THE END lat is full ond thick ri'ins HIV lustcix'tl. iiuiitt'i' — Moine fH,'0. lit turn of tlio wriiil ovver over a horse, li him, iiiiil lit' is ut lUM n sign wliich he in the sumo man- 1 to iiiin ; ami ulter- tho !<'(?, in tlio same of tli(3 stall to the e will ncvor disobey you will have grual close one leg to him , your li'gs hold near ;litest un.soen motion ud tiltow hiutself to of tho horse's croup n, by which troopcri^ eed" all their evolu ifyou-put your Icjj id "he will gopastth'3 you choose to diroc;l press him with both oingdown a hill, and ivoid the wheel of a !fully to the side of* twisting his body to , or both alternately, nd press your leg to hind legs to one side, because his head is ,d spring the way he rlenced hcrsemeo, by lan what is taught by make a horse subser- ing a broken bone, I e of such things, fni w