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MIMi'l lAXXIX. «^ ft *v ■m ■^' THE LIBRARY y^^^, universh y of BRITISH COLUM'.ilA am S. D. SCOTT COLLECTION I In CULTURE ANU PMCTIOAL POWER : AN ADDRESS DELIVKRET) AT THE OPENING OF LANSDOWNE COLLEGE, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, JVOVKMBER 11th, 1889, BY NICHOLAS FLOOD DAVIN, M. P. UKOINA, N.W'.T. : LEA.13iJia C02vi:i=»-A.3Sr-5r (Lli^Xa'SD.) MDOUOLXXXIX. 'J> i TEtre LITTLE ADDRESS IS DEDICATED TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE, WHO MORE THAN ANY MAN LIVING EXEMPLIFIES * 'k THE DOCTRINE THAT CULTURE ENHANCES PRACTICAL POWER. The( nth Nov Hall, wh down to having si who was Mr.r said : M 1 do not issue, who d: Act ths no one that his have kn men wh erated t had fult tion of £ the Act, assertioi the i^nn have hu( of them and spei My first the Act the negi it." In say: " ^ I shall ii fein or (HI [but that ithe honi |nf my vi VVIion CULTURE m PRACTICAL POWER. The opening of Lansdowne College having taken place in the College during the day of the nth November, 1889. it was arranged that the public meeting should take place in the Town Hall, which holds over five hundred persons. This hall was crammed, as was the stairway down to the outer door. Several reverend gentlemen and the Attorney-General for Manitoba having spoken, Mr. Watson, M. P., said it was now his pleasing duty to introduce to them a man who was one of the foremost orators in the House of Commons of Canada. K Mr. Davin who was received with cheers said : Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I do not intend to enter on any political issue. I may say to my Rev. friend who dilated on the Jesuits' Estates Act that he need not suppose because no one here to-night atiswers him that his statements are unanswerable. I have known only three cases in which men who have taken his view and vitup- erated the action of the ungodly 188, who had fultilled the first indispensable condi- tion of a fruitful opinion, namely, read the Act. I have seen that the strength of assertion has been in exact proportion to tlie i^'iiorance of the S|)eakpr. I myself have had several Orange friends — some of them masters of lodges —come to me and speak in somewhat excited tones. .My first (luestion was : " Have you read the Act ?" The invariable answer was in the i\egative. "Then suppose we read it." In not a single case did they fail to say: "Our opinion is entirely altered." I shall have to speak on the subject either in or out of the House and I have no fear but that any Orangemen who may do me the honour to read my speech will approve of my vote last Rossion. VVlien the Principal of the cnllege did me the honour of inviting me to address you I assumed I should have to speak on education. Education is a wide field and did I attempt to explore all of it I should be like those farmers who scatter seed on stubble. I thought it bett^:r to take a small corner of the field and to the best of my ability go into it thoroughly. Knowing how practical is this age, and the wise regard in which utility is held on this continent, and in this country, it struck me that I could not do better than speak of the relation education bears to practical power. (Hear, hear.) We have been told by one of the speak- ers that we live in a Democratic coun- try. Happy is that Democracy which has an aristocracy of knowledge. (Cheers.) The power of adapting means to ends is tliat which astonishes us in instinct, ex- cites our admiration in man and fills us with awe, bewilderment and worship when we contemplate the works of God. The power of adnpting means to ends is what we call practical pnwer .and in pro- portion as wo can adapt means to ends are we practical men. Man is distin present Prime Minister, ! is a man of high culture, and during ' his father's life time practicfilly made his living by his pen as a journalist. Mr. Disraeli — Lord Beaconstield — was | highly cultured in literature. We know \ what he was as a practical statesman. Macaulay was the n^ost practical states- I man who ever directed his mind to India, j The Indian code and Indian civil service j reform attest the practical character of j his mind. Well, ho was the embodiment ' of intellectual culture. "He had," said Mr. Thornton, a partner in the tirm of | Messrs. Williams *fc Deacon's, his ' financial agents, "as sound a judg- ] nient in city matters as I ever met | with. You might safely have followed I'lm blind fold." Voltaire, a man of gen- , ius and a poet, was one of the moat suc- cessful speculators in Europe. Cliinese (}ordon WIS a highly cultivated man, but h« had a capjicity in all tilings, small an»l gre*t. He could tight, ride, shoot, tinker, negotiate, conduct campaigns, and all with unhesitating self- reliance. Euiin, who prior to his capture, was doing in Central Africa the work whence , •i'lrdon was taken, is also a .:.an of great practical power. Wlm is hw] ' Well, ho is a (Juriuan, who carried wilh him an horuic will and a universiiy education inio the heart nf the Dark C m- tinent. Who is Stanley i Who is tho iiiiin whoso African oampaigns Inive hueti marvels of managenmnt t A j jurnalist ■ a literary man. (ChoerB.) Ah tliM individual star mnvin in tlio same orbit as the system to which it be- longs and obeys tlin hamo laws, so there is a strict analogy bi't ween the prngresB nf society and the progress of a single mind — between the evolutioK of mankind and the evolution of one of its units. What do we find in the history of a single na- tion ? Take Greece, which came to ex- cel in all arts, where the human mind in every walk attained to a height which has seldom been reached and never surpassed. What do we find ! The first great note » f civilization there as elsewhere was song. The mind awakened by the poet and mu- sician began to ask questions of the na- ture it adored; and so we see Greece climb up every circle and enter at every door in the starry spiral of science and the) enchanted palaces of art. Athens stood first in Greece, because Athei's was more highly cultured than any of her rival cities. The state which encouraged literature, philos- ophy and art, also encouraged trade, and the products of Italy,'>f Cyprus, of Egypt, of Lydia, of Pontus-of the known worlil, Howed into the markets of Athens, which, like Britannia, ruled the sea. Hither, Xoiiophon and Thycydides tell us, came the products of all the earth, and Policies and Alcibiades, the two nutst highly culti- vated men in Athens, superintended fac- tories which tlioy owned. In Fiorence we have merchant princes, great traders, whowero thenobUst patrons and the most diligent s'udouts of litHratuiv, and wlntii the einpiri'of (1 iinniHTo passeil fron) Italy to Holliin 1, the Dutch merchants (as tlu' Univoisity of Ltiyilon attcstn w«ro fully idiv.) to the practical bearing of ciilturr lUit look at Gerniany a nation of stii dents and see what they are doing in commerce, and ri-oall wliat tliey did in the ureal war with tho nation that for 201 yi>a,8 was tlio terror of I'jiropo. Who w.iii Adam Smith, who taiii;lit us the laws •>; trade? What was tho training of Ibiik'' Pe.'l, Pitt, Sir(i. C. liowis, Mr Lowe All those practiiMl men had tho highe.v urivetsity training. Juli actor f) torian, what w tion/ ' niountt the ma but the it was 1 familial try, sat great i we knoi manage was j)er Ciwiar, I have litt turo of ( into the his ruin. pa.isiona, his head Look wh chooflt) a tasks, th| Rue, the | the govel ti'MIR. A man w| of the r| time, til groat Mui| Assyria, full ori)ei| and this auoh aiii phl|nH'i|i|| itatesinHil virtue of fut'ni.i /| ty of ,it 1 1 that till' ■ido, HMll iriK diniLrl if you itr' iittfstH wHio fully H'liriiig of culturt' a nation of s'" u.y are doing ni wl.it they did in ,,,tion that for 2 u Goethe, thu capaui- tj of at times sittnig still, and knowing that the fiiroen nf t!i » nniversoare on ynut •ide, and liuhtini; yonr battles, and niak IIIK ilnnt' and dust nv lioul hnnself in- i strncted tiin reason through the imagina- ' lion, i 8uy, therefore, that if we look at 10 Culture and Practical Power. the dealings of God with' man we shall come to the conclusion that whatever nijiy be the business of life we eii^as^e in, the chances are that if we have hijihly cultivated minds wo shall succeed better than it' wo are merely trained with a view to special functions. Christ chose humble men for his apostles; but for the yreat work of converting the gentile world, and building up a tgmatic Christianity, he took, as one born out of due time, that highly cultivated, ardent Pharisee, Saul of TursuB, Alexander the Great — the flower of Greek culture— with Homer off by heart — the dear volume under his pillow — Aris- totle for a tutor, was the greatest expert at adaptmg means to ends, who ever lived, and Hannibal, consecrated to the de struction of Uomo — the star of Semitic training -swarms out of Africa with his Nuinidians -subdues Spain, the Pyrenees, France — the Alps — climbing over these with his turretted eU^phants, sweeping into Italy whore ho maintains himself for AJxtoen years, and would surely have destroyed the Roman power but for the jealousy among Ins cwn party at liome, such as every groat nnm excites, and — alas ! that a great heaii should ever be too frail !- the smiles of hively woman to which hetirst auccumbud at ( 'apua. Take; lawyer*- Who vre our great law- yers ? Mim meri'ly traint'd inlaw I Nut at all, — but men like Manst'u^ld, men like Lord Coleridge, u»en like tlio late Lord Cockiiurn, a |)oel; nn'ii liku the !intlii>r of Ton, men like ("iirraii, nuMi like Lird ,\vonnioro ~ addressing whnni Curian roealUMl tlu'ir college days, wliich tliey oould ronuMiibor without rogret — for nnid ho W'v spfnt thi-m iMit III lojH'r Iiisl nr wine. UuL Hoairh nt ilei'ii |ilill(wi)))lij , uri, t'lo<|iien('o Hllll pIK'MiU, ThlnKH wliivh 1 loved, for ttioy. niy rrlviid, wito tbtnc. The progress of civilization has equal- ized the physical qualities of man. In years gone by the strong arm ruled. It is the strong head rules to day. Force is dethroned, ail ^ where brute violence wore a coriinet which sometimes gleamed with chivalrio ornament, intellii.'ence, wearing a diadem in whicli theri is i false glitter, in which every gem is of the purest water, sits an omnipotent queen. A revolution, the most beneficent for man, has taken place and it is the duty, as it should be, the delight of every citizen to cultivate his faculties. Bacon has said, "Kn^w- j ledge is power." Knowledge is also plea- ! sure. I think it is Sir Arthur Helps that says a man who goes through life kn(tw- I ing only the trade or profession by which ! he gets his bread is a poor stunted crea- ! ture. There is a close relation between I all the arts — between poetry, painting, I music, sculpture - and genuine proficitincy I in any one of these prepares the uiind to enjoy the proilnctions of the others. Yo'i canni it really wake any faculty of the mind and leave the rest asleep, Happy for the uncultnro'l they know not what they have lost I When a man is deatilute of some great physio il attril)ute the must superficial iili«orver ri'cntjiii/.L's his inconi- ploteoosM. riu- blin'i can never see the purple cniirsci'M of ruing chase night from marge ti> m "ge. or evening steep the landscape in every i;l"riiiusaiid tender hue. For the diaf tlie birds sing, the voice of wuman is low and musi- cal and "the wind, that graml nhl harper, sniit's his thunder-harp of pines," in vain. So fara^thoie who hive no mcuho of smell are (iiiiici'rni'd, du' <'iii'e nf natiii-e in mak- ing ov(M'y titiwt"! and KJinib and grass odoi'oiis i,s bootlesH. while to the cripple the rapture of ein'igotie mnvemeiit is denied. In all tin .se cases men recognize till! altsence of a faculty which wimld be cheapl" purcha.scil by cdln.ss/il vealth. But h( ivnd th sense privati CtJLTURE AND PRACTICAL PoWEli. 11 has equal- man. In lied. It is Force is ence wore med with n, wearing se glitter, rest water, ■evolution, has taken I'juld be, ) cultivate "Know- fvlao piea- Ie!ps til at fe know- by which ted cro!». between painting, roHcitsncy i mind to «l'8. YotJ y of tho Happy i'»t what •'t^ftitute I'O IlldSt I inconi- 8HH the » iiii{ht K Htne[) I tondt«r birds •1 iiiusi- 'I'lrpor, ill vftiii. 'f SIU(!l| II iimk- «iasi I'l'ipplo flit, is '"j oalth. But how if we should want the seeing eye | it api)lies itself to, and then thank God i\nd the hearing ear in a more important ! we live in an age when all this may be sense than is covered by any physical de- t brought within reach not merely of the privation ? How if there is a subtle aroma about what has been said by highly rich and powerful, but almost of every child who has any aptitude and who is gifted men we cannot catch, a flavour we I blessed with parents and guardians not cannot appreciate ; if nature and art teem j insensible to the possibilities of the time witli beauty which is for us as th(jugh it i and to their duty to their wards or oflF- never was ; how if there is a music in the spring. Thank God that pioneers as you music which our ntrained ears cannot . are- in a new country — in a small town catch? The men of genius come to us j — you can be not merely the architects of each with his mission. One takes us uj) ^ hap[iier fortunes t'lan could be within to the highest heaven of harmony ; ano- your reach in more crowded fields, but ther purges our eyes that we may see God's glorious works as they are. Georgu can have at your very door the means of the higher education for your children. Macd(jnald says Burns' mission was to , whore science, languages, history, the show men there was poetry iuunediately classics, political economy, the arts of around them, at their very door. Now, commerce themselves, may be mastered, beauty and utility go haiul in hand in nature, and the sune is true of all things aijd on terms so moderate as to vindicate the essentially democratic character ot which enable us to know her better. Take ! the institution. (Loud cheers.) drawing aud designing— and I was glad in ! Education is a thing you cannot have visiting the college to find these will meet ' too much of. Everybody sees theinuued- with careful attention— tliey iucre;ise the iate advantage in the business of life of power of oliservatiou along the whole line l)eing able to read and writu and cast ac- aud develop) accuracy in all matters on counts. Even the uu)ntal training of which the mind employs itself. We are this mucii education aiul its C(mse(iuences vuithankful where we are not dull. If we j are not so well seen. Yet there cannot be felt as we ought, we should thank (>od at j the least doul)t that such education will the si<'ht of every tlowfr, and send our I save men from tlie grosser aberrations heaits to heav«ni up the silver staircase (.'f } from truth, will greatly aid them in form- every starry beam. Tliiuk of all the i ing just opinions on government. Hence beauty of the world ; think of all that is | Adam Smith lays dowji that if you leave glorious in literature from Homer to , tin. iiiultitiide uuinstiiictcd, reliu'ious ani- Teiniyson - tif all that is entraiu'.iig in niosities may product! drt'.idful disorders, song and music tiom David's h.irp. that and his .vords received a fearful illustra- could chase the evil spirit from an uuwor- tiou iu tin' Lord (ieiu'ge (iordon riots. thy king, down to Hanilol, Ueethoven and I " Kdtuiatii tlu« |i"oplel" was one of tlu' the other great composers of modern i walchwonls. with which the Puritans of times; thiidi how a great histtU'lan like ; Now Knglniid, woke iiptlu' sounding aisles Thueydides or (iibboii or Macatday makes \ nf the dim iirinu-val wast ages and undiT sirauge priiuMpal watchword <•( Peun. uheu he olimes; think of the joy that the lyric. fo\indeil his pivioeful colony, of Washinsf- poet «'an evoke in the lu'art ; think also ton. adiln^ssing the nal inn he had .saved, that the mind thus awakened and nour- and of the sagacious .lellernon. Cidtivnto ishud is capable of doing better whatevor the [)eoplo -infuse the charm aud unnob- 'V' 12 CULTUIIK VXD PraCTIOAL PoWER. ling influeucos of art into their lives — tliese will be the watchwords of the future. In making a plan of education for a young lad, tlie best thing is to let himself choose. A boy who has not a taste for literature w'll never get any good from the study of olaHsics. Ue may have a taste for mathematics. If so, give him a good training in mathematics. He couM have no better mental disciidine. If he does not like literature or mathematics, ho may like botany or geology. Let him study wliat he likes and master it. But if lu) has no strong bent, tlien give him a good general education, and wlien he is fifteen or sixteen see what trade or pro- fession lie woidd ah'ect. If lio would like to be a lawyer, he should always, if possi- ble, have a good training in classics, in history, in philosophy, else you may liave an acute hiwyer, but a man who on any large (piestion will be utterly unabh; to tlunk with accuracy— utterly unable to take a broad view on any sul>je..t. \ n.ere lawyer is always a iieltifoggur, and outside his craft an unsafe guide. The curriculum of a public school oi' college is not the best part of the educi tion a young man gets there. 'IMie Ro- mans thought the education of tlmir cliil- dron a business |)ropurIy belonging to parents. But the (Jreeks leaned to ])iilt- lic schools. IMr. Locke, in his " Thouglits Concerning Kducation." hovers lirlwccn private t\iitioii and [(ublic schools, Itut lie Hooms to admit that the [)ul)lic school w ill lit the latl Ik tti-r for iilayiii^ his p;irt in life. There is one griNit defect in juivato tuition. It gives no scope for emulation, A oollege is a miniature woiM where slu dents meet as frii'uds in the Coiiuiiou Unll, whei'e life-long frit iidships ari' made, but, where, also, at evt r> tiuii there is a strife for the masti'ry, in tlie cIhsb, in the cricket held, in the debating 1 tln' cano one mid not argue in order society. Scii)io discerned in the young Marius the great man of the years to come and anyone observing students at college j could easily pick out the men who would \ influence their fellow men. Cardinal ! Xewman says that if he had to choose between placing a boy in jjrivate lodgings, ; sending him to the classes of the best pro- I fessors, having him go up at interv.als for I examination .and ultimately take his de- gree, and sending him to a large establish- ; ment where a nundicr of latls of his own I age should meet for four or five years, [ read what they liked and never attend a class or go up for examination, he would . prefer the latter assure to turn out men i better educated -that is, men with all their faculties d. awn out, with a know- 1 ledge of human nature and a knowledge ' of themselves Cardinal Newman is one of the most highly cultivated men t)f the nineteenth century His ophiion is, of course, not conclusive, but it is that of a man who has observed umny generations of students. I am glad, therefore, that the princiide of residence is found in ! Lansdownc < 'ollego. Some of the best resuli.-) of education ;ire tiiat it mak(!M mII the faculties of the mind strong ; tiviins the re.ison to detect fallacies (piickly ; tills the imaginiitioii I with till' noblest pictures ; stores the 'memory with facts — in other words , enables us to appropriate to ourselves the expt'rience of luindreds, nay, of thousands of mi'u. I think it is I <'harles \', who says that a man who knows two languages is twice a m.ui. IJiil take the c:ise of a man wli > Knows thi'ccor foui- laiigiiagi's. to whom the literature and hisioiy lit' ( liii'cc. of |{(nuc. of (Ji'rmany, I of |''rauce, of England, of America, is us ^familiar iis the events of the day, who his lietMi trained in logic, in mithemalics, in e.\perience — why, one has only to st ite CULTTJRB AND PRACTICAL PoWER. 13 the young irs to come .'it colleii[e wlio would CanUiml to choose o loilyiugs, best {»!•()- torvals for X' his de- ! eatablish- F his own ive years, attend a he would out men with all a know- :n(»wle(Lv. lan is one n of the on is, of tliat of a inoi'ationa ore, that found in education eH (»f the to (let(H'f igitiiitioti I'l'os the f WOld.H 'ur elvus nay, of k it is io knows lint take coi'foiir ire and I'rnmny, I, is as who h IS 1 it's, ill :o stito I onler that you may see that, compared with the man who knows only his own language and has a smattering of the history of his own country with a little general informa- tion, he is what a man of large and var- ied estate is to the dweller in a cottage. If we look at the chances and calamities of life — the one has no resource in himself — the other is full of resource. He waves a wand as it were and the mightiest and noblest spirits of the past are in atten- dance. If an opini(m is to be formed on a political question — the one can compare it with nothing in his brain —the other can ransack the events of the past in half a dozen countries f(jr analagoua circum- stances. Let a sophist — and let me tell you there are ])lenty of them about— un- conscious pedlars of fallacies— who can talk by the yard, but cannot think cor- rectly — let one of these voluble vapourers -one of these blind guides — let, I say, one of these blind yuidos utter his glib falla- cies ; he is so ehxpient and so earnest — the uneducated man swallows it all, while the man with trained mind, rapid as the lightning, syllogizes each windy sentence — has the nuijor iiremiss before his mind — which a fool would see to l)e absurd — and woe t*) the traUioker in Fallacies if ho follows him I Lord Macanlay said he would rathiT love reading and have plenty of books than 1)0 a king, and in- deed, the resoincesin reading, in times of sickness, in old age, are among the most blessed things in the lot of lununiity. Just now wu are hearing a great deal about the .Jesuits. I need hardly say T am nt>t going to utter a word politiiial here. Hut it so happens that their his- tory illustrates the innuensc stimulus to practic/il jxiwer a high education isives. When Loyola was incapacitateii for the life of a soldier, Im (unied to the clnncli, and the lirst thing he did was to suirouiid hima'jU with men of native gtMiius and education. Other founders of religioua orders enlisted the prejudices, the outward senses, fanatacism. They appeal- ed to i'. :orance. They rested on the love of the marvellous. They excited by rags and dirt the pity of the sympathetic and the reverence of the vulgar. But the broken soldier of Charles V appealed to the cultivated mind. When he cast his eye over Europe he saw the abuses which had crept into monastic institutions, tilled with idleness and luxury, supported by bequests and the gains of begging friars. Loyola's watchwords were activity, energy, work, learning. He gave ambition instead of mendicancy. He and his followers in- vented a system of education so advanced that it totally broke up the then machin- ery of the schools, a system on which we have liardly improved to-day. There was scarce a university in Europe where they did not break new ground. The old sys- tem died hard with ludicious convulsions. What were the results 1 For two centuries nearly every great man on the con- tinent had to thank the Jesuits for his ed- ucation. Descartes came from their College of Latleohe. Torricelli the in- ventor of the barometer was educated at ' their College of Fayenza. Poetry owes 1 them Tasso; criticism Justus Lipsius; and I when we anuise eliildien with a magic j lantern we seldom reinond)er that we ate I indel)lo