IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1.25 m Ilia 2.5 M |||22 illM '""^ 2.0 lllitt 1-4 IIIIII.6 V} ^ n 'eA % %:' V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,\ ^^ «' %<^ ^^ ;\ \ <^ o^ rv CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change tha usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. ITT] Coloured covers/ I ^ I Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou pellicul6e n D v/ D Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque r I Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur D Bound with other material/ Relid avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int6rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6X6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires: D D n n n n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou pelli'^uldes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6color6es, tachet^es ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film6es d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 18X 22X 10X 14X 26X SOX 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X tails du Ddifier une mage The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmad beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grfice d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la netteti de l'exemplaire filmi, et en conformity avec les conditions '" contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont filmis en commen9ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ♦- (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END "), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »>signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. irrata to pelure, nd n 32X 1 2 3 I "* : 2 3 4 5 6 BMil KUHi-O' ! NVnONAlE 7J 13© 5iK i TRUE RrjJ(;iON i a E vj:rsus ^^•^ CREEDS AND DOGMAS ,5© [^E^ ii Riis^ *ti^. M \^, as fas ^ m R^' A D 1 - C i S S 1 (■ ■) N --|:|-!\\ H V- AMI ALLUX rKIM.l.r 'Gcti;aiilo : 'nnlcil iiv (!. M . 1,1, i is \: <,'o., ici; Adckudc h"t. ^Vo.st. I'oi; iMi: ('\\\i>i\N Sixtr.vn I'mon. 1S!H. I'llICK FIKTKKN CKNTS 1 IfTIZ mi ^^ ill H ^l\\() CLUkGYMHN, A LAYMAN H § i Is-i 3[ © i ig Si @ ligi •? RlEl Sl^^^ m^?m SIMM c^msm 5^^:M SJv^5^ sm^fM wms MMa 3§ as ^y 4 1 rrr f TRUE^ RELIGION VERSi CREEDS AND DOGMAS A DISCUSSION — HKTWEKN — IWO CLERGYMEN, A LAYMAN AND ALLEN PRINGLE. Printed by C. M. Ellis & Co., log Adelaide St. West For the Canadian Secular Union. 1894. PRICE FIFTEEN CENTS- ) INTRODUCTION. •TrsT pHivioiis to tlic ricbiscitti vote taken in tliis pro- vince in Jiinuiiry lust on the (luestion of I'loljihition, tliere appeared in the Napanec Express a nmnifesto, sul)- seipiently known as the " Deanery Letter," sij^'iied hy K. II. M. Ijaker, lleetor, IJath : Stearne Ti;,'he, M.\., Hector, Anilier.st Ishincl ; H. S. Forneri, JJ.D,, Hector, Adoli)hustown ; A. Jarvis, M.A., Itector, Nai)anee ; J. H. Serson, M.A., lncnnii)ent, Tannvorth ; V. I). Woodcock, Incumbent, Camden East ; Robert Atkinson, Incumbent, Selby ; and F, T. Dibb, Incumbent, Odessa. While the trend of the letter was dtridedly adverse to le^'al prohibition, the immoderate use of intoxicating,' Ii(luors was* str()n\ mid Atldiii^'toii. hiocfsc of Oiifiirio." 'I'lic iimnifrsto uiul it> iiiitlioi-s wurtf proiiiptiv iit.fiickcil In' tlm (•(♦•liciil i»roIiiltitioiiists. uikI liciicf tlic rtisiiUiii^ coiitioversy in jtrrss uikI i)iil|til. wliicli liisU'd sonic live iiioiil.lis ; uiid, striiM;;»' to say. the whoUf lieiilt'd lo^^oiimrliy si-un'cly t.oii('li«M| ilic oiij^iiial (|iU'st,ioii lis to the luci'ils or d(!nii'i"iis of U»^ii\ (U'oliilii- tioii, or wlu'tluT |)i'oliil»itioii is srrii)(,iinil or iinscriptiinil. ImiI was coiirnicd to minor side issues and personal vitii[K'raiion, That the writer of this was induced to take a hand in the nielec is not in he wondered at, and his first hitter whicii follows e\[tlains tht; ease. Kev. A. Jarvis, M.A., Hector of Na[uinee : Itev. Stearne Ti^die, M.A., Uector <»f AuihcrsI Island, and James A. Ductiutre. U.A., a learned layman, t^ntered tlusir defence, as the n^ader will sec. When the l*«!ctor of Na[)anee pays me the comi)li- ment he does in his last letter, in addition to the iuw implied in his retreat from the held, and says I havt^ " tn'erythin^ to <^ain and nothinj.'; to lose hy controviM-sy," I am constraininl to regard the followineen such a sad diiliculty with most — how it is that evil (in so many forms) is so preva- It'lit ill )i fosinos ordciTil uiitl ciliiitMl l»\ ;i ^,,(,(1 ('it alor." mid hoiiH! oilier tliiii^^s in " uiioflirr l«rt.r." Wlini I fDiiiid flmt lli«' dihriiHhion wiis lo Im> itiihlislitMl liv fln« Cibimdiuii SiM-iilur liiioii in its pirsnif foini. I \vi-oi(« Mr. Diicmln', diicrtin^' his ntU'iition to the uliovc r\- h-iirt from liih Irftcr. and iiiviliii;^ liim to address liiniM-lf to tlu! '* I'Xplicution," wluii we would he ph-ased lo placf his ar^^'miit'iit, ix-forti llie readers of this pamphlet -alon^', of (M)iirHe. with hiu Ii reply us I mi«,'ht make. Mr. I)., I ri'^'rei to say, failed to avail himself of the privilej^'n extended. ALLK.N IMIlNdl.K. Selhy, Ontario, August, lH!)d. 1 TRUE RELIGION VERSUS CREEDS AND DOGMAS, •«*^ I'l the I'.llilil' of till' I'.M'l.K .s. TIIK 01)11 M TIIKOLOGK I'M, ])k.vii Silt, Willi piilinil, if not |)niy<'rful iitU'iition I liiivo rend the disciissioii (or tiitlur (iiiunrl) whicli Itiis luinii ^oiii},; on in llic " I''i\|)i«'ss' ;hiiI " litnivj-r" foi' some \v»!(dvH [Mist iMitwtH'ii tlu' ch-rj^y of > I'f ( liri^tiiiii clmrcli on one Hults iind the ministers of iiiiotluT Christi.iM dt - noniinu'i-ion on tlic other sidi . It Ims oc«'"' rttd to hk that " You'i'e another ! " ptdti'..^ of that smu woultl have heen frowned down and shut otl" I \;4nosties, instead of Christians, Ihit it apjxMirs to depend altoj^ether on wlio>«' o\ is ^ored. And it nnist he admit u-d that there is a considerahle diflerenet! hetwet-n ;^'oi'iii<; somehody else and <^orin^ eaeh othei'. For mystdf, I iun stron}^ly in favo''^ of free discussi<»n of i\iv jiroper and decent kind ; and as to the other kind, it is not altogether without its advan- taj^es. It has he})ear to he ahout the size of th(; prescnit encounter), and the field of hattle is free and open to the l)itter end, the issue will he difl'erent of coin-se, hut none the less certain and sure, and that will he just the same as the traditional one in the case of the Ivilkennv cats. 10 wlu're* iiotliin;j[ was left hiif (he tails and a profusion of tlyiii}^ fur as meiuentocs of tlie tiy lisinj^ to oi)i)ose the niotioii made hy " One of tlie (!om- luon People " in your last issue to eall off " the do^s of war." In a ease like Mie |)resent, owe can hardly help moral- izing' a little whether inside or outside the " fold." If there really he such a place of rest and peace for huma- nity as these gentlemen helieve in and are headin.tiuitfm('(>usly. I deny that })r()[)()sitioii s<|UiU't'ly. No rclii^ion on eurtli does it or can do it. The facts arc all the other way. There is no proof of it, no tcidence of it except in the imagina- tions or experiences or feelinjjjs of certain individuals : hut tliat is no proof at all except to themselves when they choose to accept it. No man's suhjective ex[)eri- ences can prove anythinj,' for anyhody else, especially when all the ohjective facts are a^'ainst his theory. I'ndtr certain psycholo<^ical conditions and hypnotic influences he has certain extraordinary expei-iem*es and relij^ioiis feelings, which he strairitchells ; and sometimes with more I'onliiifj; " l)elow the heU " than their rin^j; rivals. This is natural, ^'entlemen, The (juestion is, Where is the Simon-pure urtickf to he foiiiul ".' In tlie Anj^Hcun Ciitholic church, the Uonuin Cathohc Church, the Metliodist cluu^ch or (U^noniiniition, tiie I'reshyterian, the Baptist, the Salvation Army, or where '? In none of them, my Christian friends — in none of them, if you will allow me to answer. Excuse me, <^entlemen, for sayin;^ so, hut tlie true reli<^ion is not to he found in any of your churches, or denominations, or sects, or harracks, or divisions or suhdivisions. You have creeds in plenty, and forms in plenty, and ))r()fessions in plenty, hut they are mostly empty, and as " sounding hrass and tinkling cymhal." Not that your reli<,'ions contain no truth, for they certainly do ; not that you have none of the moral virtues or human excellencies, ior you undouhtedly have ; but true relij^ion, as 1 understand it, you have not. You have only the counterfeit i)resentment of it. The selfish and egoistic religion which seeks personal rewards in heaven you have ; the unseltisli and altruis- tic religion whicli does right Ixicause it is light, without future pay, and seeks the good of all mankind instead ' of damning nine-tenths of them, you liave not. The only true religion — the only one worthy the name, — is the lielifiion of llitniauity — the religion of deeds instend of creeds — the religion which practically recognizes the brotherhood of man — the religion which inculcates and practises pence and goodwill among men whom we know and wlio do require the service and assistance of each other, instead of inculcating tlie worshi[) of gods whom we do not know, and who do not, in any case, stand in need either of our adoration or adulation. I attended the great Parliaiuent of Religions which was held in Chicago in Sejitemher last during tlie \Vorld's Fair, where all the great religions of the world (including Christianity^ were represented l»y learned and able exponents. "When I say that so far as the Religion of peace and good will is concenu^d the so-called Pagans, in the language of the ]v\jiosition, nuide " the best exhibit," I say what was i)al} able and ol)vious to every iuipartial witness. The great religions of tbi' East — the oldest of all religions — were there brealhing the " brotherhood of man " as their central princijile. ii ii ,i>' 11 H. Dai'iUHpala, the learned and <(eiitle Biuidliist priest, Haiid : " I come to this countrv hriii<^iii^ witli me the f(uig to creedw was the fact thatwaH strongly inipreHsed on the minds of tlie thought- ful multitude wlio day after dry attended the gieat gathering of the religioiis. The Rationalist, the Atheist, may do right, and does it, without the aid of theological dogmas, without the hoi)e of heaven or the fear of hell, and, according to the divine quoted above, his chances of heaven, should there he such a place, are as good, if not better than the chances of many professing Chris- tians. The late and lamented Prof. Tyndall— of world-wide scientific fame— lias left his opinion on record that if he wished to rind an honest man, one whose word is his bond, and vho discharges the duties of this life to fam- ily, to society, to self, he would seek him and And him among the men whom the world calls Agnosiiics and Atheists. In conclusion, let me repeat that the comhig religion is the Religion of Humanity, which, as one of the high- est products of the upward evolutionary i)rocesses, must materially aid in the elevation of Miankind to a higher plane. Allen Phingle. Fehy. Htli, '!)4. mem- If I ■ I- 1(1 T.i tin: F^llitiir lit llli- I'.M'KKss. ODUM TIIKOLCKilCl '.Af. Sii:, — A ijood (leal <»f fun lias liccii <;()t, out of tim words lit tlu! head of tliis letUii", chiellv l»y people who find tlu'iii ii convenient, coimnon-pliU'c to lot off wljcnevor a couti'ovcrsy is on the tapis in which a cler^yniiin is one of the conihatants. Thcn^ is not the least neceHsitv for apolo<^n/in<^' for the part taicen oy myself or my hrother ( ler^ymen of the deanery iii the ])resent lo^fomachy. When we could write courteously, without our courtesy heiiifj; mistaken for weakness, our words were restrained. When it wjis jieeessary to " I'rovc our doctrines orthodox 1))' apostolic blows and knocks,"' we hit from the shoulder and did uot strike I 'low the helt. The a\era};e idea that seems to ohtain as to the char- acter that becomes a mhiister of the j^ospel in that he sliould be a sort of per])etual apolojj^y. his chief function bein^ to drink sanctifieelieve that the human race is composed of three se\(^s. men, women and parsons, thoufi^h some modern religions have "evolved" that thhi<^- of beauty, the fenuile preacher. The doctrine of jierfection not bein<;' in any sense a [liU't of the Catholic faith, nnd since I have not sutlrtcient conceit toclaim that ideal state for myself or my brethren, I have no hesitation in confessintf, iis I do every Sunday publicly, that in my own case there is nuudi of the old Adaui in me which I do not expect will he wholly put away while L am in this tabernacle. I do not, however, consider that any efforts I may make in defence of the faith of the ^•()s{)el or the church of Christ are an evidence of the old Adam within. I have very ^ood authority for '■ reiR'ovin^- "' and rebukin^r jis well as " exhortinj^,'* and the 17 tli(! liiii^'iiii^'e of St. riiiil. no less tliut of St. Joliii, tlir apostle of lovt\ is a. siirticiefiit pn'ciKh'iit foi' tli(! us<^ of satirti, irony and even iiivectivo, esix'cially in (1« alin^ with li_v[)oc'risy and canting' sj)! ritual pride. It may i)e necessary oftentimes to sutYer in silence for ('hrist's sake, at other times it is expedient to contend earnestly and strive manfully. Christ was the Prince of I'eace. His relijj;ion is the jLjosi)el of peace. J>ut some men think the " Peace (»f (iod, which passeth all understandin;^," is like the peace of the hap[)y family in a mena;.jerie. Otlu^rs seem to imaj^ine that the oftice of the church of Christ is to set U[) his hanner and proclaim his faith and then invitt! all the religions of the worhl to a parliament to sey if \\v cannot evolve a " reli<^ion of humanity " in which Christ may perhaps he allowed a seat beside liuddha, Confuciiis, Huxlev and Joe Smith. Nevertheless, however i)aradoxical it may ai)peiir, the Prince of Peace " came not to st^id peace on earth hut a sword," He sent his servants into all the world to makt' disci})les of all nations, not to learn from them a relif^ictn of lunuanity. Mver\ ('hristian is enlisted under his hanner to " tij^dii manfully aj^ainst sin, the world and iht^ devil, and to contiiuu! his faithful soldiei' and servant unto his life's end." Christ's reli;^ion im])lies a hatred of sin and error as nuu-h as love for the sinniii}^ and the wanderer. Tliis cra/i(! for universal toleration is not Christian. It is the lo;j;ical outcome of the Aj^jnostic creed of ne}j;a- tion, or negation of creed. I'niversal toleration means utter inditl'erence to religion. Jiut if we ])rofess to he- lieve that Cln'ist is the way, the truth, and the life, wv can have no co(piettins. THE ODICM THEOLOGUTM. Deaii Sir, — I desire to offer some observations on tlie letter of Mr. Prin^le which appeared in your issue of the Kith inst. Mr. Pruij^le writes from the standpoint of one who rejects Christianity, and from this standpoint it is not my intention to enter into any very lenj»thened controversy with him. In the hist paraj];raph of his letter he says that " the Ueligion of Humanity as one of tlie hi;j!liest products of the upward evolutionary pro- cesses, must nuiterially aid in the elevation of mankind to a higher plane." The relifj^ion of Jesus Christ is the perfect religion of humanity — who was himself man, l)y a distinct act of creation. The creator provided a means which not only " niaterially aids," hut will completely and effectually elevate mankind to the highest plane, and that i)y an upward evolutionary and continuous pro- cess carried on by his church not only now, while that church continues here under the present dispensation, hut hereafter through a future and more perfect dispen- sation, for it is a peculiarity of the church that it has an endless duration under different states of existence, it is not limited either by time or geographical bounds. It is not a sect or a party or a denomination, but a spiritual kingdom whose work is evolutionary and continuously progressive. Agnosticism has nothing better to offer us. The very name "Agnostic" does not encourage us to place nnich confidence in the system, which is, to say the least of it, one of doubt. Neither it nor the Oriental systems to wliich Mr. Pringle calls your attention, seem to have done much for the elevation or improvement of the people under their influence ; for all that is good and great we are indebfed to Christianity. It seems to me a matter of experience that very many men who in early life embraced a religion, false, baseless and absurd, afterwards finding themselves to have been deceived, hastily dismiss all religions, so- called, as equally false or ecpially true. If such men would only bestow as much attention in investigating the religion of Jesus Christ, as set forth under true Catholi- cism, as they do in building themselves up in the false, they might arrive at a diffci*ent conclusion from that at 19 which they.huvtt univyil, hiuI {^et \u*h\ of the true itltMi of CuthoUcity. . A<^»iiii, HH the Agnostic coiifoHKOH hy liis vory imiiiti, that lie knows iiotliiii^, and cim know notliiiij^ witli certainty, with re lias simiic i' of faith. With that positiveness with which he asserts that we liave not th(! true rehi^ioii as he understands it, \V(! on th(! other ha)id jissert I hill we ha.ve the true reh^ion as it has existed for more thiiii ei^^hteen centin-ies. ("athoUcism as \v(! under- .stand it hiis done more for the elevation of th(i family of man thiin Ai^nosticism, and has produced more of tlu; }^M'and results of Christian cliarity in alleviating' the miseries and relieving' the wa,nts of mankind, it may indeed he truly said, that the j^'ood ellfects of Christianity have not heeii small, noi" its supposed ill efl'ects any effects of it at- all, nor can they he insistifd on as ai'j^ii- iiu^nts at^'aiust it. The works of Providence are not to he jud}j;ed of hy their perversions, hut hy their fjjeniiiiH" tendencies; not hy what they actually seem to eti'ect, hut hy wliat they would effect if mankind did their part. 1 would, linally, ohserve that true Catholics do not expect nor look for perfection in this life. All are CJiris- tians who have received the true haptism, hut these ai"e not all true and faithful any more than all the childi"en in the one luitural family are true and faithful to their filial ohli^ations. Stkarnk TnwiK, ^^.A., liector. I •21 TiiK i;i:t()i:t coruTKors." •ttVi-t, their •tor. To ihe K.ililor of i)tr l.vi-i i .SiH, I liii\«' rciid wliiil Ilt'\. Arthur .liir\is ami lU'V. Stciirnr Tij^hr, M,.\., havr wnlfni in voiir lust ihsue in criticism of my comnniniciition in yitiir previous isHU«', iiud iini |>lciisc(l to note the spirit |Mi\ii(liii^ hoth h'tters, " liike he^'els hke," Kiich ;^'riillcMiiiii raises points to which I feel ciilled upon to reply, and in consideration of your space 1 :>liall rcpl_\ to Itoth in une letter, and conlint! my rejoindttr to the salient issues. My opponents evidently do not like the caption of my other letter, and I ic^^ret, that tlu; cin-unistauces calUid for its use. However, as their replies to that letter are, if not concdiisive or convinciii;,', at least courteous, I have; suhstituted the al)ov(^ caption as hein^' at presioit more appropriates and likely to he to them more accept- ahle. When, liowever, Mr. .larvis refers to tlu' Odium 'riieulo,s[icum HH '^' ii convenient connnon-place to let olT whenever a contioversy is on the tapis in whiidia (der^^y- man is one of the c(Mitestants," I must remind him that in tlic» present cast; not merely one hut hoth comhatants or sides were Christian (der^'ynu'u and ministers. J regret to note that Mr. .larvis is not in fiivor of as hioad toleration in matti'rs of <-reed and faith as was indicated in my letter, and as was and is largely (ton- ceded hy some of tiie iihlest men in the An^lo-Catliolic ch irch— a cirnndi which liidd within her jiale a Colenso, a Stanley and a Farrar — a (diurch which must ^et the credit of j^'realer hreadth liiau the denominational dissfmtcrs from her. or the twii; sister, who, if she did not precede, was continnporaneous or in union with her - and a chiuxdi whicdi has a greater elasticity in a(hii)t- iw^ herself to "tinus and nuinnei's" than any other. Mr. Jarvis says " this cra/.e for universal toleration is not Christian." That it is not Christian is so much the worse for Christianity. i\[oreover, the ^rowin^' convic- tion or feelinj^ in favor of {.greater reli<^ious toleration is hy no means universal, and " more's the pity." 1 freely admit that the Christian who is consistent must he in- tolerant ; and the Christian w!io is tolerant is hetter than his reliuion. We road in (ial. 1 : !t. we aid before so sav 1 now ai'ain, if anv man ni-eaidi an\- other 1^ 1 \ ■ 11 2-2 ^()s|i<'l ittitn v iic(Mirs4ul. " ill TitiiH 1 : \), we rctiti, " A ihhii tliut, is a lu'r<>ti(- after llic fii'st aiwl h((iiii«I adiiioiiitioii, reject." A^'iiiii ill (iai. r> : 1*2 wtt tiiid this, " I wtmUl lliev wen- tneti cut otT wliicli troiilile \oii," iiikI tlieit^ in iniu-li more of the same import. (Joiild mirrow hii^'otrv uiid iiito'ei- iiiice i^'o further than this'.* Christiiiiiitv in ehHeiitiidlv iiitohMiiiit ill spirit, and lia.s heeii in practice, and the Chrihtiaii who is consistent, and who is no l>etter than liis relii^ioii, must he not only a hi^ot hut a persecutor. One of the chief ohjections I have always had to Chris- tianitv is this very 'Mtcderaiice. .\ii_v reli^'ion which Hiiys to me " heliuve tiiis or he (laiiiiuet 11 inches hi^di as for not helieviii},' certain doctriiutn which to his mind are uii- reasonahht and untrue. Hit is no more r( sponsihle for the one than the other, lie can u<) more control his helief than his complexion. Every humun hein^ inevit- uhly thinks, helieves and acts accordin«? to the circum- stances. What are the circunistanceH? Inherited con- stitution of mind and hody, education and trainings or the ahsence of them, environment, etc. These make the iiuvn what he is and the woman what she is, and neitlur one has part or lot in the matter of hirth or early cirmimstanceH, which are the prime factors in tlie fi)rmation of character — mental and physical. Hence the wide diversity in mind and hodv amon£{ those even who have heen hrou};ht up under apparently the same conditions. One man helieves thus and so ; another just the o[)j)OHite, and they are hoth perfectly sincere as well as set in their convictions. When, therefore, Christianity or am other reli<'ion savs to me, " Believe this doctrine or he damned," if such doctrine he to my mind ahsurd, unreasonahle and untrue, then that reli- {^ion is done for so far as 1 am concerned, and I am quite willing to take the risks of any condemnation which may follow honest coiuictioiis. I am ready for the "awful conse([uences" which are held up to frighten, and also for the " terrihle respoiisihilities of rejectin*; it" •23 \\w^ it f \vlii
  • , iiikI liiivc nr> (lis|NiHiti(>ii to try. 'I'licn' is Hoiiu'tliin;^ ho . trcinciv iiltsiinl ulioiit thin tlnil I ciiMMot h how uiiy nitioiuil iiiitid ciiii accept, it. Vet it is one of the iiiiiin |ir(»|)h of a ^iTiit i'«>li;;ion. To illiistnilr its tiltsiirdity to HoiiKi iiiiiids not ^ivi'ii to iihstnict rnisoiiiii^ iand tli** illiiHtration is not iiitnidrd for my two learned o)»|)o- iitnts), U'i lis NUp)Hi.M> a man riliii^^ jiloii<^' on liis strong and (diinisy workinj^ horse pa>it a race conrsj' where the trim nnd niiiihle roadsti>rs iire s] etMlin^ the track at a '2.40 ^ait. lie stops, takes a survey, and also tuk(^s a notion to enter and take a hand in th<> races. Those insilher, and why Hhoiild not his horsut his free will fails to eiirrv him out of his prison tlirour CI-' ed for rclii>iov, then his assertion will he near the truth. So far from universal tolera- tion meanin«j; utter indifference to relii^ion, miiversal toleration is the hest part of true relifjjion. That is to say, every nnm's mere creed or reli or jiermit him to commit crime or do injustice and wron^; to his fellows, then his creed ought not to save him from correction or punishment hy the State ; and on the other hand no one ought on account of his creed to suffer at the hand either of society or the State. TTiis is what ought to he, and what is coming, hut is n(*t vet what is. f M 2.". uent. tnibU' t'rt'c " I from A\ h\> :'(■ wiU ill. In 11(1 i'i\- • civvry ip will ov the ines of l't\ l)Ut m wliy ■ely iic- entally teemed ly that liversiil oil," i t c-om- stuiices liee im- hstitute Ion will tolera- liversal iThat is lief, iu> y otlier ne man iiother. lern and [eligion^^ h as to or do d oiij:,dit by the account or tlu' Icoiiiin'!,', Tiirniiiix niy attention now ti> I'ev. ^fi•, Ti,L,die I find him sayinj^ that I wi-ilc '* froiu tlie standpoint (if (MumvIio njjects Cliristianit\'.*" Allow nie to say a^ain, one ' foi- all, th:il I only reject thos(t parts of the l)il)l(! and Chris- tiunity which science and historical research have i)rovc(l untrue, and such other portions, which can \)v neither provt^d nor disproviid, as fail to coiniiu'iid themselves to my c )!nmon sense, such as it is. When all this comes out there may ajjpear to he hut little left ; hut all that's j^ood is left at all events, that is in my judj^'uient. Mr. Ti^^he is evidently in favor of a religion of Immanity, and duclares that " TIk; reli;j;ion of Jesus Christ is the [tfrfec^^ religion of humanity." Were it so 1 should liavj^ no objection at all to Christianity. But how our respected fiiend is going to make out that a religion which con- signs a majority of humanity to an everlasting hell istiie religion of humanity is more than 1 can understand without further explanations. How he is going to make out that a. religion which says, " Ht; that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, and he that believcith not shall be damned " (when only a few believe), and which " came not to bring j)eace but a sword " in the world, and which, in accordance^ with that, has never ceased to use ilie sword, soaking the earth with human blood for eighteen centuries in religious wars, and persecuting, tortui'ing and burning its own adherents in hundreds of thousands, — how this can be the religion of humanity will, 1 should tliiuk, tax the ingenuity and learning of liev. Stearne Tighe, ]\f.A., to explain. Than such a religion as that we are told that " Agr.os- ticism has nothing better to oft'er us. '" Tlu^ term ihitionalism more nearly expresses my position ; and if Rationalism or the lieligion of Humanity has nothing better to offer the world in tlie time to come tlian Chris- tianity has offered in the past, then we had better kee}) looking for something better than either. When Mr. Tighe asserts tliat " we are indebted to Christianity for all that is good and great," he reiterates an oft-repeated claim made by C'hristians, and sincerely made no doubt, but nevertheless untenable. If Mr. Tighe has read the history of science, philosophy, and ethics, as well as religion (which I do not doubt), and still thinks that the world owes all that dtdst to Christi- m n 1 ! It y ^ LJ ■2() auity, his reading,' umst have been done thr()u<,']i Cliristian •j;hisseH of very pronounced color. Coming' down to *' isniH," Mr. Ti^he avers tliat Catho- licism, as he understands it, " has done more for the elevation of the family of man than A<,'nosticism." Let us look for a moment at the two isms and see. Catho- licism is, i Hiii)pose, according to Mr. Tiglie's view, tiie highesu Mild best form of Christianity — the Christian Church (U' facto, from the beginning, the church corpor- ate and tile church spiritual. Agnosticism, according to Professor Huxley (and he ought to know, for lie it was who first used the word and applied it to himself) is " of the essence of science." The Agnostic simply refrains from professing to know or believe what he does not know or believe and what is unknowable. This is quite difierent from " a creed of negation." But Mr. Jarvis, who also refers to Agnosticism and gives the above de nition, saves himself by adding a saving clause, viz., ' negation of creed." That is nearer the truth. Every true scientist must be an Agnostic, because he accepts only facts and rejects fables. Now, if Agnosticism is only another name for science, it will not take long to decide the issue raised by brother Tighe as to which has done the most for the world, Catholicism or Agnosticism. The Christian Church was the implacable enemy of science up to a few decades ago, and is yet so far as opposition is practicable or prudent. She denied astro- )iomy and imprisoned the astronomers (instance Galileo) ; she denounced geology and preached the Mosaic cosmo- gony. Nevertheless, it turned out that the earth turned, and that it was round instead of liat, and that it moved round the sun instead of the sun round it ; and it may 1)6 safely said that the Bible Astronomy and the Mosaic Cosmogony are, among the scientists of to-day, as dead as old Moses, the reputed author of them. But it was not the Catholic Church that imprisoned Galileo and opposed science, but the Roman Catholic Church, Mr. Tighe may say. While I am free to admit that the Anglican (jatholic Cuurch of later times has been much less unfriendly to science than the Roman Catholic Church and the dissenting denominations, she has done but little to promote it ; and 1 impeach the Christian Church as a whole for being the enemy of all the science and philosopliy which tended to discredit the Bible, and I 27 ristuin Catho- [(3r the " Let Catbo- ew, the iristiau corpor- rilmg to I it was [)is';o{ refrains loes not , is quite . Jar vis, ove de viz., ' . Every } accepts iticisin is B long to vhich has losticism. enemy of 80 far as ied astro- i Galileo) ; lie cosmo- th turned, t it moved id it may ,he Mosaic as dead 5ut it was alileo and lurch, Mr. that the been much n Catholic le has done B Christian the science Bible, and tliisiiichides especially Astronomy, Geology, Hiology and Anthropology. The additional issues raised by my two op[)()nents (and I liope friends) are of less moment, and I shall, there- f )iv, ask no more spsu'c at present. Al.LEN PUINOLK. liic'.nuond, Febv. 'iJitli. THE KETOHT COrilTEOrS AND " A RETREAT COi;RA(}E()rS." Tnii Rectouy, Napanee, March 8rd. Ti) the Ivliliir of llie Kxi'Kl-NS. Sir, — 1 am afraid I cannot afford to enter into a con- troversy with Mr. Pringle. He is looked ui)on, justly I believe, as one of the foremost apostles of Secularism in Canada, whilst I need not confess 1 am by no means a theoloj^ian. A valorous discretion, therefore, prompts me to leave the field to a proved champion of the faith. Mr. Priiigle has everything to gain and notliing to lose by controversy. He may not be one of those men who, as Mark Twain says, would stop to argue with a sign- post, yet I don't think he would resent tlie soft impeach- ment of being fond of a shindy for its own hake. I must ask you, however, to allow me hiymm to correct or modify one or two or bis statements concerning the church Catholic, for which be shows a lingering regaid — (cuid he is at no pains to conceal it) — which does him no dishonor, and certainly cannot be put down to preju- dice or interested motives of any sort. 1 would not have Mr. Pringle think 1 want to try the virtues of soft solder upon him, but 1 cannot hel[) thinking that his Agnosticism is directed against more things outside the minimum of Catholic truth — i.e., the Apostles' Creed — / , 4> S ' Wv 11 • L 1 1 'I. 1 '■ 28 than ii^'iiiiist tlit'st; twelvo iieci'ssiiry articles. I am not too hi^'ott'd (llioii<^li 1 iiiii <,'ettin^' rather proiul of that tithj if it phices one anywlu^re, near St. Paul, tlu' intol- erant) to accept, with [terliaps a Hftle mental reserva- tion, 'I'ciniyson'.s paradox - ■' There is more faith in honest doubt, IJelieve me, th.ni in half the creeds." 1 thiidv, therefore, that one of Mr. Prin^jjle's '' cliief ' h- jections to Christianity" \vo)ild hecome a very minor one if h(> did not eretfit Christianity with some thin;j!s wln'cli iire very unchristian. For instance, he says, " Any relijj;ion whicii sa._ys to me ' helieve this or he (hunned ' just kills itself with me in that one ahsurd threat." I think 1 sliould entertain very much the same feeling's toward any such religion. Jiut 1 am sure the Catholic relif^don does nothinjj; of the kind. Was (lalileo judged hy the standard of the Catholic faith '.^ What is tliero in the creed that Galileo did not hold ? What is there in the Bihle that he rejected ? Neitlier the one nor the other is to he held responsihle for the sin and ij^noranoe of those, however high in authority, who added an article on astronomy to the creed and mistranslated the Bible. I will not press Mr. Pringle's words into meaning more than lie prohahly intended. I don't think he meant his e})igrammatic " helieve or he dannied " to he taken in the sense in which thoughtless people some- times speak of our commination service as " the dauniing service," as if in it we call down the divine vengeance upon impenitent sinners and are sorry if it does not ccmie instanter. Nor can I tlnnk that he would fall into the vulgar error that the so-called damvuitory clauses of the Athanasian creed are maledictory. That creed, which Mr. I'ringle quotes, is an authoritative exposition of the Catholic faith, not the otticial statement of it. It is addressed to those who already liold that faith — to them it is said '' qui cm. que vult snlvns esse ' — ' whosoever desires to he safe,' etc., hut a scholastic defence and ex- position of the faith, which constitutes tie great body of the document, is to be distinguished froju the faith itself, which is stiite 1 almost verbatim in tie words of tlie x\posttdic symbol. As to the danniatory chuises, they i \ I I i> ii 'JD vm not of tliat, e intol- •eserva- •hief ' 1>- y luinor ie things ho S!\ys, lis oY lie B absunl inch the am sure 1(1. Was lie faith '} not hold ? Neitlier le for the authority, •reed and nieanhifj; think he ed " to he )ple some- dannuni^ en<:;eanee does not d fall into clauses of lilt creed, exposition t of it. It faith— to whosoever ce and ex- eat hody of faith itself, ords of the auses, they [1' iii't' not the analheiiiii-i of the c(»nii>iler <»f thai confession or of tliose who use it, \>n[ aro a rcstatomcnt, of tlu; word of the L )rd. '" He that hehevetli not shall ho damned " — ^,1 solemn warning,' which both heliovcn-s and unhelievers ar.' called upon to face. Ji )()kinj^ at the cvcvd in this li«,fht and a[)plyin^ the same limitations to Mr. Prin^le's version, " helieveor he damned," wi; can see that one specious char^o against the Christian religion, vi/.: that it hands overall the heathen to et(?rnal damnation, falls to the j^round. Its fo)-mularies say nothin;^' ahout the heathen and \'ery little ahout eternal damnation either. S". I'aul says semethin^ alxiut the heathen hein)^ a law unto them- selves, conscience, the natural and etttrnal law of (iod in their hearts, hein;^ the arhiter of tluar faith. The formularies of the Catholic religion, mortiover, say nothinl3ratci t!ie n a-; msnnhers. Ihit this is a differtMit thiii}^ from damning them. [ lio[)e this su«^, S. Paul includes himself, if he should come under the terms of the censure. Besides " Let him be anathema," means leave him in God's hands to condemn or not as shall seem f^ood to Him. Moreover, even if we have to <:jive a stronger meaning' to these words, they are the utterance^ of inspiration, not the sentence of an ecclesiastical jud.ue. Titus Ji : 10, (not w » I u ni '*. 80 4 : !)), is not p. rtiiusnt. Tilus is to r(*j(!('t or ratluu* sliiiii an lierelic, not (liinni liini, (liil. 5 : I'i, is a particular rt!t"(!reiu-t' to a particular class of troubltu's, viz : tliost) who were iiisistiii;^ upon circumcision as necessary for Chris- tians. St. I'aul intimates sarcastically that these men would ilo \\t;ll to even mutilate themselvcis. His nu-aiiin^' is exi)resse(l accurately in an ancient connnentary which I dare not translate in a letter for the ])uhlic eye — " Si frivolam corporis excisiont^n honunitjuid esse judicant, etiam iiite^ra memhra sihi excidant, ut majoraac((uira)it lucra, si carnis excisione juvari se existinumt ! " A reference to the horrid rites of Cyhele with whicli tlie (ialatians were painfully familiar. Yours trulv, Airrnuu Jauvis. 'f f ' ;*■!;, f i tilii To the Editor of the Kxi'KKss. Dear Sir.— I avail myself of your space to offer some ohservations on ^h\ Pringle's letter in your last issue. He ohjects to my taking him for one wlio rejects C'hristi- anity, and states, that he only rejects those parts of the J^ihle and Christianity whicli science and historical research have proved untrue and such other portions which can neither he proved or disproved as fail to commend themselves to his common sense, and says that after he has^ done this, little is left. I think, then, that according to his own acknowledgement, my point was well taken. He seems not to care particularly to have his position detined hy the word Agnostic given hy Professor Huxley, who horrowed it from the heathen altar at Athens bearing the inscription, " To the un- known God." He thus seeks to take away from the Catholic Christian the God that he knows, of Whom the Apostle says, " Him declare I unto you," and presents, in so doing, to the mind questions far more difficult of solution and which he confesses himself unable to solve. The High Priest of Agnosticism, Herbert Spencer, says, " amid the mysterfes which become the more mysterious the more they are thought about, there will remain the 'M T sliun rticulai' osf who • Chvis- he men lU'iinin^? ,'e — '^i iuli('!int, c(iuir!Uit t ! " A hich tlie Jaum^. offer some last issue. ;ts Cliristi- arts of the historical er portions as fail to I, and says ,hink, then, i, my point ticuiarly to tic ^iven hy he heathen To the un- ly from the i Whom the [id presents, e difficult of juhle to solve, pencer, says, •e mysterious I remain the oiui ahsoliite certainty, — that \\o is cvci- in thn |»r(!sciici' of oiKMibsohiti! and titcrinii I'huM'^y from which iill thiii^^s pi(KH((*d." 'Ihi! more (Uhj^ently and patiently tiie in- ([iiirics of si'i(!n<'(! are proseciitc^d, the more will science itself estahlish tim truths of Christianity, and tlie cor- rectness of thc! instinct that tells uncivili/ed man that there is a (lod. The very latt^st (hsi-ovcries in science tend stronj^ly in this direction. Somc! of the most (hstin<^uished Professors of Natural Science do not accei)t I'jvolution as tiie true account of the orit^dn of man, nor would it destroy in any way tlu! statc^ment of tiie Sacred Itecord if tln^v did. Tli(! state- ment that " (iod formed man of the dust of the {ground," says notlnn>^ of tlie knij^th of time nor the manner in which (lod [)erform(!d this creative act. The; statement that in the l»e}^innin<^ (lod created tlui heaven and the earth would not l)e materiallv altered hv savin'' that ,[)tion to the character of (iod which is portrayed by Mr. Prin^ie as of one who says beliexe and bo saved or disbelievis and be damned. It is (juite the reverse ; that seems to \m the idea of the natural heart. lF;nnan law says, do this and you will be rewarded, don't do the other or you will be ])unislied. (iod says, " Ho that hath my connnandments and keei)- etli them, he it is that loveth me." St. Paul says, "lost! is the fnltillinj.^ of the law." The heathen idea of (iod was that he was a bad (iod, whose presence they wislu'd to avert and when they worshipped they <;ave ex])ressioii to this idea by worshippinj^ toward the west, from which direction they believed all harm and evil emanated. The (!hristians re^t^arded God as a <:food (iod who is willinj^ to receive and bless all who couk; to him, nnd Catholics };ive expression to this idea by worsliipi)ing towaiils the east, wliere light and f^lorv emanate. 1 do not read St. A[ark 1() : 1(5 as Mr. Prin<:;le does;" tlie words are, "He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that disbelieveth shall be condemned " (see rev. ver.). I do not care for what I call hell nnd danniation sermons any more than Mr. Pringle does. The infant cannot accept 82 i)V reject tile ^'(ibj)tl, luilln )■ tiiii the insane or iiiil:( cile, iieitlu I" the li(iitlun who iu\er luiiid it, for there is no sill uheii! there is no Kiio\vh«l};e. It is jiot im-oiisiht( lit with th<' teiicliiii;j; of that CnthohCii-iii whicli 1 hohl, to helieve that in llieniiiny iiuiiisioiis there is ('oiiii:(ji!-ati(ii for those wlio have neeessarily lived in moral and intel- Icctuul darkness here. I do not dare to pronoiinee judg- ment on Mr. I'riii<,de himself. The ^M)od (iod lias not eommissioned me to do that. I hone, thediiv mav dawn when he miiv see li^ht where it is dark now. 1 deny in toto that true Catholicism ever was res] on- sihhi for wars or i)estilen{'e, or that the Lord decreed that If is coming; should he a reason for the sword hein^^ drawn aj^ainst Christians. My " in^'enuity and learning" is not taxed in the least dej^'ree to solve the dit!icnlty that so stron^dy presents itself to Mr, Prinj^de's mind, and therefore 1 say, that Aj^nosticism has nothin}^ hetter to oiler us than we have. Ciod damns no man ; man danjiis himselt ; he is a free agent to choose the evil and reject the e\il. Some men are insensihle to the heaiities of music and harmony, so perhajvs some are incai)al)le of seein(1 tlmt ilnuvn \\ tluit 1(1, and UvY to ilannis 1 reject iMic and lo; God : ) s(;e or f inan- Nvhen e know Insiders , revela- ,e l>or- nature all, is lessary. iitianity :e(iuire Cbrist neiitist lis very Invents leiits, it lits one >of the scien- tists. TIh! Clnircli as I view it lias not )mmii tlic eiieiuy of sci('Mr(! and |iliil(»M)jt]iy ; she lia^ notliiii;^' to fear frou) either. Out" dil1icnh\ cainiol he exidaiju'd awav hv mis- in^ aiiotlx r ; so ilu-, mystery of the >h»saic Cosmogony eainiot )k! <\j>l.ji)))(l a\v;iv l»y raisin;^ llie luyshry of J'>\ohuii>n. Stkaum: Tk.mk, M.A., Hector. " ("IlinSTIAXlTV ("I'M SCIKNCE." I'd Oil-- I'.dittjr uf ilie lv\>'niiss, J)i:au Si», — 1 think yon liave jud^^ed i i^'iilly in jj;ivin,L,' place to th(JHe letters in your paper. They are very in- t(M'estin^, and, as one, of your c()rr(;s])()ii(h;nts said, the truth will no doubt come out clearly, wlien so many views are presented on it from every side. I^fay I pre- sent inc'deulally my own view, that, altliou^^li I am nol in favor of prohihition, 1 tliink proliihitionisls liave a mirai ri^^'ht to prohibit, pr()vi(h'd it is constitutiojially le;^'al to do so. If a man tinds n(;ttles and burrs in his j.,'rounds annoyin*,' and hiirtiiif^' his children, it is not m 'rely his plac;; to tell his children to kecjp away from these weeds, but also he is perfectly ri^ht in cuttin;^ them down and destroyin;^ them. J3ecau.se a man finds the world had, it is not his only duty to pniy against th»; evil. Om et /me (h^eji-seated need exists for it, or for something else that would t^ike its place. Jn brief, there must he a stimulant. It is (juite })os- sible that an ideally healthy person under ideal con- diticms of life, would not need any stimulnnt. JJut, sad t) say, the social, commercial, industrial, linancial, and physical conditions of life oi so many i>eople (if not of Wt ^:m "Tf 84 •'li! jill) lire so Vci'V f;ir fimii liciiif^^ idi ally p* if( (•(. N'ow. iiu'diciil iiiid clii'iniral j^cicMct! ill its |ircsciil fur ikIvmikm «l (oiKliliiiii (iiif^lit to lie iililc to prodiU'c u <'oiin oiiiid tliiit would >/\\v flu* |in)|)('i', full iiiid corricf. stiimiliis (to \.\n> mind, l>ody mid spirit) uillioiit at. tlic >jimi(' tinu htiii;^ iiitoxiciitinj,'. Siicli u siiltstaiicc would till tlic lut d tl.al III pri'hfi'.t exists lor Htiimilutioii and \iv willioiil any liad t^tl'tH'tS. Milt wliut I Kturtcd out to say in this lnt " Sciciitia film Cliiistianitiitd " niciins seiencc iilon^ witli. or in Imriiiony with, Christianity, Allow nu' to iiiiiHtrat*' this in one jartiiMilar, as t(» what is called rcf^'eiierat ion. or the new hirtli- the fiinda- niciital doclriiu* of Christianity as to the actual clian}^e of a n!an'> nature from had to j^ood. It just occurs to nie 111 re to say that this is also a doctrine of Ihiddhisni. J may also say here that Christianity is an Oriental reli- gion, .\lthou;^li at present it is in tlie westei'ii world, yet in its orif^in luid full (hn-olo[)imnit, it was truly and peculiarly Asiutii*. liookinj^ at it pliilosojdiically. it was a startliii};' solution of tlie proiilem liow to chang(! what is hail in a person's nature, and make it irood, to say - we'll do it this way. we'll have him horn a<;ain. Let us take an illustration from practical i-cieiice. l\ ere is an a. l)ple-t ree. stronu' a nd vi •porous, vet ur nvniji apiiles. hard. sour, small, unfit to eat. The .j^'raftir in- j;rafts all over its hranches. j;rafts from a heautiful hiscious fruit. The same old nature is there, l>iit it is nmzzled. it is ^lowerless to show itself mit, to do any harm. It would he stran;4'e indeed, if. when human inj^eiiuity has found so many ways of ohviating and circunni'iitiii^' e\il and had in so many departments of activity, no way could he found of sul)duin<; it or renderinj..? it ])owerless in the human nature itself. The powerful and \iciou^ horse can he perfectly controlled hy a little rein-strap. The enj^neer witli two little levers can ahsolutely con- trol tlic locomotive wliose jiower exceeds his own thoti- ands of tim es. A fever mav till a man's veins with tiri and all his hody with pains that he would like to allay hut cannot, hut the medical man comes with the remedy, properly applies it, and all the sick man's physical sen- m . Now. (lvim<-( »1 U'l tlill'' If U-\\\'A U'iy\ tl.al niiv liiul ois. wlmt (. thr «'^- ' Scii'iitiii \h. or in liir, as t(» he fiuula- iiil cluiut^t' (iii-urs to |',U(l(Uiisin. ifntiil rcli- :orn woi'Kl- s truly and ally, it was rani^c wli!\t d, to ^'ly " n. Ill ^c-uiu'c. vet '^r nvin<; jrvattiv in- ii l)cantif>il i-v, l>ut it is to ilo any \]\ in-Avnuity n-innvi'ntinij; vity, no way . it 'powerless ivud vicions U. rein-striq'. wolutely fon- jis own tlum- cins with tiro like to alliiy h the remedy. physical sen- 86 saiions me ehiiii;4e(l. And jii>t iis huly, lie is " horn ii;.^aiii, " " hoi'U ol' \\iil( r jiiid the spiril," ean liiivc; his li.iiitmi nature chni.i^cd, Ihiil is, in so far as it is chun^'i'd I'ro'.ii hiid to ;,'o()d. To ii I liiloho|,lii(al (ir -cii ntil'ie niiiid it ou^ht not to he dillii-ull to ii|i|)rrheiid the loratioii of th<- det(>rniiiiiii;4 sjirin/^s of huiiiuii action. 'Hiey iiro tn'id»!ntly in the, eerehral nnd n»'ive system. Now when we reiueniher that there an; some three hinidred iuid thirty thousand miUion hillion of molecules of air in a, ciihic incli of air, and tliaJ no douht the mnuher is con-es|)ondin;^dy very niu(di ;^reater in a more dense oi- solid suhstance, we, can. see how easily tlmre is room for the most nunu'rous, diverse, intricate! and complicated thouf^hts and (imotions, even in the small mass of th«! cerehraland lU'rve system. Now, we know that the human intellij^ence, when it makes the hodily powers do its will, does so throu^^h the medium of the nervous force, a fo)'ce very mu(di like, electricity. We can seo also that that stran;j;e tliiiii^ called forcti whic',1 is so hard to detine,. so impossihh; tt» compridu'iid, and which yet exists everywhere, whety#i' in the form of mol,i(jn, of ei-avitation, of li;^dit, heut, electricity, n( rve force, W(! can see, 1 say, that this im]talpahle foj-ci' can inlluence solid matter more easily in its intinitesimally divided form of molecuU'S than in hulk. Now, if human action is (htei'mim;d oj" shapitd i»y tla; arranj^ement of these molecules i)i the cerehral or nerve <.'enlres, and if force has, as it actually has, ))ower to dis[)ose these molecule.s at the dictation of intel!i;4ence, we can see that if a person sarr(>nders the natural ))ower his intelli^'eiice has over the (lis[)osition of the (teri'hral and nerve; mole- cules — surrenders this power to a iniivtjrsally present and jiowerful lntelli;^'ence, wc; can see Ijow (]ui<;tly and irresistihly that lnt('!li<^'ence could thus place His hand on thest' si)rin^'s of human action, could ^'atlu'r the reins into J lis hand, could nni/,zl(> the had, cdioke it off right at its fomitain, could in fact catch the strenj^'th (jf human nature right at its weak spot iind control it as easily as the engineer does the locomotive. Now, let me lirst say that the ever priisent existence of a I'niversal Intelligence is philoso})hically in the strictest analogy with the facts of science. For instance, throughout every portion of the whole vast measureless nc. % vrvsarint.Ui-HHT,HMUi'NvtK( i . ;i^^. fiu-'is ..f ^miun-. . ^,„,. ,,|,o kuowh the fiut «»• '''^\- . . ...:..,,v,.lntrv. »)lrv ,.lou lavs' is, that it v..ts hx ^ U> b ■ .^^^^^^,, „,,,,,,nvv ''•''^•»' ^'* =^^ ?"''■.;;,;; o M>lan.ts and llu. natural liutvvbvvus this \^''\'Y\ ^.,in}^s of action lu \ouis truly, • ;i( Ullll.l*' u 1<» I *' iht'tl.tr A ruin. |)U\Vt I'- ll IlliOUt kil\osition of iirfiiir> in a iiiiniile portion of tli(! human (M-onomy, Ix; denoiiiinated a luiw hirtli. a niuiie whicli, one mi;j;lit lliink. would he su;^'- j^f^stive of an entii'i! change of the whole nature. Let us consider this. |)reliniinarily. T.ike the case of \\\v tree to which we refei'red as heiii;^' ^liificd. Strictly speiiJuii;^, the lite of the tree is not in the lar^i; trunk, or the hark or tlu; hraiudies. hut in the hiids. the ^'rowiii}^ hiids. Control the huds and y(tii practically control the life, of the tre(! ; if you are ahle to determine the stylo of tlio huds, you can (leti;rmin(i tho fruit. l)Ut, one says, there is no analo;^'\' hetween u tree and human nature - a human hein;^' don't ^'row into action Hs a tree's hud ^'rows into fiMiit. Now let us see. Of the three kinj^^doms of nature*, man heloiij^'s to tlu; animal kinj^dom. and a tree to tlie vej^etahUt kinj^'doni, and these two kinj^fdoms are very (dosely iillied in tlu^ir essential constituent (pialities, lioM(!Ver much they may ditVer in appearances. If you cut a hranch oil a tree, another one will «^m-ow on close hy ; in some of the inimal forms of animal lite if you cut off a limh another one will ii;J a'Jttniti ran control the matter of the niuscle.s. It is intert'erin<^ with no natural law in doin^ so, thouj^h we may not .see how it can do it — just as we know that force of }j;raviiy (of the Hun) can haul the vast weiL,'ht of the whole earth jiround anywhere, though we do not see how it can do it. Again, 1 can direct my intellect, my reifson, njy imagin- ation, my memory, on to one subject of thougiit rather than another, or 1 can withdraw any of these faculties from their attention to any one subject of thought. Here again analytically :* And the ego, the I, the spirit must have power over these brain or intellectual powers and through them over the molecular constituents of the brain substance and their various peculiar arrange- ments (and so far as they change their attitude to one another with the changing thoughts). Nor in this does the spirit interfere with natural law, it is merely exer- cising its natural |)ower or potency. Or again we can control the emotions of anger, of pity, of despair, of hate, of love, of envy, of ambition, of aversion, of ho])e. Now analytically, what does this control mean '? It means that again the Ego, the spirit, can control nervous power enough to despatch it to gi) and dissolve those [)eculiar combination.-i and arrangements of molecules that are the accompaniment or stimulating cause or result of tlie emotions in question. In other words the spirit can, through its agent the nerve force, control the disposition of those molecular constituents. l?ut if the human si)irit can do this, there is no reason why a universally-present powerful spirit should not also b(^ able to do the same (as we have said) in the way of aid to the human spirit, or in restoring to it powers that it had lost, or that had become paralyzed or imheciliated through spiritual dis- ease ; or in restoring to it (the human spirit) iK)wers that naturally belong to the typical good human nature. Now, Mr. Editor, I find that there are quite a number of other things I would like to say about this subject in order to elucidate it at all well, and that it will take an- other letter to hold them all. 1 have been as brief as 1 * This means (to speak of the result first), tliat the busy intellect, the busy memory, ihe busy imagiii.ition, the busy reason, hav.' [lOHer over the molecular constituents uf the brain, to dispose them in all those peculiar combinations that present the differing consecutive changing thoughts aJid ideas to the mirror of coasciousness. I 44 possil.lv could, in order to at all do justice; iowluit tluul to s'iv' I would silso like to advert to the {ui-t Mint it wouid Heeiu to l)e easily evident from tlie exj-ression " horn " that th- .lew nature thus referred to would Ik? not niuture. hut at least infantile (as is the l)eginninK of cvervthiii'r sreat in nature)— so that a man is not (m that'viewrchaiiKed from heing a truly had man to hem<;- u tirst-rate «,'o()d one, at once (as Mr. l'rin<;le seems to suKk'est is supposed to he the case). nUsoNvish to explicate that tough problem that has ahvavs heen such a sad difficulty with most— how is it that evil (in so inanv forms) is so prevalent m a cosmos ordered and educed' ))y a {,'ood creator. 1 also wish to make a more full and thorough discjuisition of the idea that natural law (not the laws of nature) hut the very fact of the e ''stence of the law, universally, postulates necfssRMly u-,..versal hitelligence. Yours etc., ,T. A. DrcEKTRE, ]). A, 45 rAllTlNG WOIJI) TU Mil. JAKVIS AM) WV.Vl.Y TO MESSKS. TKillE AND DICENTHK. " 'Bout creeds and faiihs let graceless zealots fight ; He cat! t be wrung whose life is in the right." It) the l'",(lilor of tlio Kxi'KKss. Sir,— There is u wise saying to " Icl well eiiougb silone" which crosses my mind as I begin to write ; and I pause whether to go on or not to go on. Just t\t the present juncture of this triangular light, somebody aj)pears to stand in the safe corner unhurt. No reasonal)le man would want a much better position, and the occupant of that corner claims to be a reasonable man. But — not- withstanding — yet — nevertheless ! tlie fact is, that while one able polemic has, 1 regret to say, step})ed out of the ring, another, I am glad to say, has stepped in. This preserves the balance of numbers, and is an inducement to go on. Now, I think the critical and im[)arlial reader will agree with me in saying that the positions I have taken so far in this discussion stand mnnoved. But a learned layman has entered the ring in a philosophic and scien- titic coat of mail ; and I am sure ho would feel slighted did I allow his inviting glove to lie on tlietioor unnoticed. Albeit, brother Jarvis is, I think, mistaken when he hhits that, whenever his erstwhile opponent " sees a head," he wants to " hit it ;" and that he might even stop to " argue with a sign-post." But it must be confessed that this polemic (who, it seems, is suspected of being " fond of a shindy for its own sake ") has, in times past — say, thirty years ago, " in the heat of youth" — occasionally rboi up against reverend " ;:ign posts" (basswood aiul badly de- cayed), and, as a consecpio-i'-'e, knocked them over sans peine and sans ceremonie. But lie hap[)ens to have fairly good timber to hew at this time, and is desirous of cutting away nothing more than the bark, knots and excres- cences, and straightening out tlie crooks. The new arrival, referred to above, who has just en- tered under the caption '' Christianity cum Science," subscribed " Jas. A. Ducentre," appears to be a philoso- pher as well as a fighter. 1 therefore say Welcome- thrice welcome— here's my liand— I have occasional ! I li */ 46 [)liil(),->i»;»liic- ^[H'lU myself, and 1 shall foel hoimrod to |»ic'k up ^^^. Diicentre's gauntlet presently, and endciuor to picM'fo the aforesaid coat of mail. JJut wliile the theistie [)lhloso[)h(n- enters the arena, the Catholic theologian leaves it, wiiicli, as already intiuuited, 1 very much regret. Mr. Jarvis did me the honor and himself the credit of leaving the held of battle with the grace of a gentleman, and, instead of consigning his opponent to Hades (see new version), extends a friendly i)arting hand, which I all the more appreciate as I have heen so often consigned to that place (the hell of the old version, too, \Thich is so nnu'h hotter) by the aforesaid " sign-posts " which I have had the misfortune to run up against and knock down (fjuite accidentally, of course). " A retreat courageous" shall not, therefore, be followed by a })ursuit discour- teous The amenities of controversy would permit nu' to go (Ml witli the argunu'nt against my oj)ponent, and am[)Iify on all the issues already raised, so long as I raised no new ones ; but I shall not even take advantage of tliat legitimate privilege when there is to be no reply. ^[r. Jarvis credits hi's Agnostic antagonist with *' a lin- gering regard for the cluirch Catholic." Mv. Jarvis is right. For two or three reasons, 1 have a lingering re- gard for tlie ('liurch of England, and here are the reasons. The first is, tliat that church "never meddles with [)olitics or religion," — that is, hardly ever. The second is, that that church is broad enough to include the modern thinker, if he choose to stay, and has sense enough not to do what the other Christian denominations do, and that is, to turn out with a kick, if not with a curse, their brightest intellects as soon as they show signs of out- growing the nuisty and moribund creeds. Tlie third is (and this would be sufficient without the other two) that that church was the church of my mother, than whom a better woman never lived — better than her religion — and one of the few who are aide to rise sui)erior to that or any other creed of Christianity. IMy mother held what Mr. Jarvis calls the Catholic Faith in its broadest and noblest sense, consigning no mortal to a mythical perdition, but, with a philosophy and a charity as broad as the universe, held patiently and steadfastly to duty and right. I am ])leased that Mr. Jarvis and myself are parting on the field in genial sunshine ; and I pnnnise him (and brother Tiglie) that should I ever in the future \ 47 think of joiiiiu;^ a ('liristiiiiiCluircli (ntid tlicic is no f»'ll- iii;^' wlmt II luaii niij^lit do in his dotaj^e), th timt I mil iiol williiiL,' to f.ikc to iny^'lt' one sluuh' iiinic of tlio "(liirkiicss " hr s|m'hIi;>|M>iit' iit tir- arc nii IIY Hide. Ii<'t IIS sec. Ml'. Tij^lic liUIHt ildlllit tliiit liiid lui l«!«'M Imiiii II Turk uiid Imui^'lit ii|> in tlir fuil'i (»f Is- llllll \u' wniilil ll.'lVt' hern Ms /I'llloils u MullonillliMliUi US \H!i is now 11 ( iitliolic ('iii'i>tiiiii, iiiid his hihh- would have been th<( Konin. In I hat civse he would hiivr Iwiiu e\- lerKhii^ his |>il_v to the Cliristians as |)('0|de in " moral and inli'IK'cliial darkness," and wishing' tlu' day to dawn when thcv would "'stH! li^^lit wluTt' it is darkness now." Or had Im> hccn horn in India and nhicatcd in Ihiddhisu he ini^'ht have hcen coiiiinf^ over here; to Chicaf^o hifst autiiiiin to the ^^'feat Parliament of Htdi^ions as an Ori- ental priest, stron<^ in the faith, and, like l)hanna|)ala, «!xten(lin;,' sympathy to ihe ("hristiiuiH and all other religions present, and announcing' to them the " ^ood wislies ami peace of four hundred and seventy-liv(i mil- lions of Ihiddhists," and his hihie would have heeii tluj Shastei'. The Christian, if he he reasonable, must, therefore, admit that religion or creed is mostly a matter of birth and education. As a rule the man {h a ChriHtian, or Ihiddhist, or Mohammedan because he has been born and l)r>ii<^'|it up that way. This even holds ^ood in the sects of these ;.j;reat reli^'iows. liorn and broiif^ht up a Itoiuan Catholic he remains one; a I'resbyteriiin o Methodist, he remains one, ami so on throii}j;h with fe,, excei)tions. Everybody knows this, while hardly any- body sees the sij^niticanct! of it. What does it mean '.' It means that the creed instilled into the mind of youth, whether it be true or false, wise or otherwise, is ai)t to I'emain there to the hour of his death. This is undoubt- edly true, and it, therefore, follows that a reasonable man ouj^dit to have a better reason for the faith that is ill him than the mere fact that he has inherited that faith — a better reason than the fact that he was tau;^lit it and believes it, and that it aj;rees with his feelin<^s. These are, indeed, no reasons at all so far as the proof or truth of the faith is concerned ; they are only the reasons why he holds the faith. Only a few people have the disposition or power to break the yoke of early education. Only the few can part with the faiths of their fathers, and especially of their mothers. Only a few can cast oti' errors wliich are fairly in<;rain*ed by birth as well as education. J claim to be oiuMvf the few. And herein is where I think til I liiivr tlu^ ii(lviiii^u;^'t' of Mr, 'I'i.^ln' iiinl rvtirv <»t.lu'r crci-d- lioiiml Cliri^tiaii. I svmputlii/c with liiiii mul tlumi in their IxUKhij^c. Ilci>u shivr nii;i\Min>. I iitii ii, iVcr iiiiiii. He I'lUiiKit throw oil' tht' ciirly \i.k«' of error. I hiive (lone so. So fur I have tlie ii(lviUiliij,'e of hi>n. He ciiniiot (hfend his faitli. hut still he ht lieves it; nor cnn lay (hqtiirted friend -hii \ is, not throiiu'li aiiv jaek (»f learn- ing' or ahilitv. hut siin|.ly heeaii.-e of " no case," as the lawyers say. It is not a matter of reason with theChrih- tian, hut a matter of fiiith. He thinks his faith in reiison- ahle and avers so, hut it is not. The evidence Ih sHtis- fiictory to him hut not to an outsider. The " wish is fathiir to the th()ii;^hf' and that settles it. The tividence Avliich th(! Christia.i j) 'rveuhH himself i- ^ood and con- tdiisiv(f woulil h ' rill 'd i» ii of any c;)iirl of ei|iiity as well ni^ii woi'thless. 1 am not surprised that Messrs. Ti;;lie and .lai'\"is fail *o defend the ci'ceds (e\t'n the .Vpostles' creed) ; no man has ever Ixmmi ahle to do it successfully on reasonahle j^'roands. From all tlii^ it may he inferred tliat 1 do not feel that 1 need any more sympathy in alle^'ed " dai'kness '" from my I'esjx led Christian opi)o- ni'iils than they neiul from me, and (huihtless they think that is just none at all. 1 havosition to judj^e them all fairly. Were I a slave to a creed (the Catholic or any other creed) hnpartial judgment would 1)6 out of the (juestion. Like yourselves, I would then tliink my own creed ri^^ht and all others mostly wronj,'. Is this not so ? *' Honor hrii i it be good or had— if this he really a fact, will B.A. or Home other moral pliilosopher tell us where his moral responsihility, free will, or free moral agency comes in ? There would he no real freedom in such case, and tlu^ responsibility would all rest with the outside manipu- lator, where, uuleed, it does chiefly rest (if it rests any- where), whether we call the manipulator Nature or God. Of course, under normal conditions, '" 1 have but to will to do it, and I can move my arm;" and that physio- logical fact is what B.A, calls " proof" of liis postulate that man has " power over the disposition of the brain molecules," because, forsooth, if I can, to a certain ex- tent, control the muscles, I can also, by a i)arity of rea- soning, control thought and emotion. Let us see about this : Aside from the motive to control being quite be- yond the jurisdiction of the ego, the control over both (that is, muscle and brain) is strictly limited. We will suppose that B.A.'smaxhnuin nniscular strength is eipial to the lifting of ;50()11). avoirdupois. Here is another nuin at his side who can lift 5(!()lbs. But B.A., accoi'ding to his own doctrine, ought to be aide to lift the oOOlbs. If his theory were true, he could do it by simply ''willing to do it," as there would be a sufficiency of nerve force " detached from the reservoir of ntjrve force by the natu- ral power of the spirit." But B.A. cannot do this any more than the race-horse can draw as much as the Clyde. No man can ever get beyond the capabilities of his orga- nism either in mind or muscle, and that is all I am con- tending for — always bearing in mind that he is not re- 8i)onsible for the kind of organism he has got, or for having any at all, as it was given to Inm quite without his knowledge or consent. His freedom is, therefore, limited by his constitution aiul environment. There is a Shakespeare or a Tennyson who is a natural poet, for " the poet is born, not made :" but he is no mathemati- cian. Here is another man, wlio is a natural mathema- tician, but lacks poetical genius. Now, according to ]3.A.'s theory, the latter ought to be able to write good poetry by vigorously " willing" to do so, and thus getting the poetical " nerve-force " set free from the " reservoir" he speaks of. In like manner, the poet might get his mathematical nerve-force set free. But the question is, how can it l)e set free when it is not there in either case ? F 58 Ji. A. says : " We can control the emotions of unj^'er. of \nt\', of despair, of liate, of envy, of love, of ambi- tion, of aversion, of hoi)e." Well, we (the rest of the world) cannot do it, and if B.A. can he has the advan- tage of us. Think that over a minute, my Christian friend. Were you ever angry or in love? Did you either originate the tiaine (of love, for instance) or con- trol it afterwards '? Have 3'ou not yielded, in spite of yourself, to some of those other emotions you name ? did you have any desire to "control" them? And if you had, didn't the desire come up spontaneously? And if you called it up, the motive for calling it up came up unl)idden from your constitution. You can no more get above yourself or behind yourself than you can lift your- self out of your boots. Some people can and do, in a measure, modify and guide the emotions by superior reason and moral sense, hut then some other people are almost, if not quite, without reason or moral sense; and the great majority of mankind and womankind are still governed more by their feelings than their reason. There is no such thing in actual moral life as absolute control of the emotions, which constitute the large^ and stronger part of animal, including human, mentality. Will B. A. venture to say that the subject himself has anything to do with, much less any control over, the original "disposition of the brain molecules," which disposition is ante-natal as well as post-natal in infancy and youth, and which disposition is the chief factor in the formation of the subsequent character. S ich a contention is absurd as well as un- scientific. All the subject can possibly do is to use such "molecules" (faculties, tendencies) as he has, and he will use them in such a manner as his environment necessitates. A. P. KEPLY TO " J. A. D.," B.A., CONTINUED. To the Editor of the Nai-anee Express. Sir, — Out of consideration for your space, I did not quite finish my argument last week in reply to B.A. His apple-tree argument was passed over, and as I never like to leave an opponent a leg to stand on, I would like, with your permission, to knock out the apple-tree proi>. 5» i T^ B.Ai cites tlu^ oisf of u vii^omus ii|)|»le-tree heiiriii^' inferior fruit, then f^nifted mid afterwards prodiu'in;^ j,'()()d fruit, to illustrate " conversion" or " reKenei%tion" in man. He says we can easily see how this assumed Tniversal Intelli<4ence could manipulate the molecules of tiie brain and "clioke ot!' the l)ad," that is, "if" this is so, and "if" that is so, and " if" the other is so — tlu-ee it's — just as the tree, the horse, and the locomotive are manipulated and controlled hy man. Yes, we could see it all easily enou^'h were it not for tlie " ifs " and the absence of tlie mani])ulator. The difference in the cases is this : In the matter of the tree, the horse, and the locomotive, man, the intellij^ence, is present as a fact, and there are no ifs or ands about it. In the other case, there are no facts but the subject himself ; the others liave all to be assumed. The }j;raftin. A. fails to bring forward examples ot " change of heart " so-called, or subjects whose evil natures have been radically changed i)y this molecule process. Of course I am aware of the claims made by certain sects of "conversion," being " born again," etc., and I have been coming in contiict with the subjects of these alleged changes, and observing them all my life ; and I have never been able to discover that other than natural influences were at work on them. The fact that a person who has been lea