IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // {■/ Vo S' & :/. (/. 1.0 I.I IIM IIIII25 IIIIM |||||2^ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► V. ■ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, rts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one ^^xposure are filmed beginning in the upper \eit hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les rarXes. planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 / REPORT ^^ REGAKDING THE TRAFFIC TO BE EXPECTED FROM P. E. Island ^ the Gulf Ports TOWARDS St. Joliq, Boston, New Topk ^ Hsst Indies, VIA THE CHIGNECTO SHIP RAILWAY. ■wt EDWARD JACK., C. E. SAINT JOHN, N. B. |. & A. McMtllan, Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers, Etc, 1890. Chignecto Steamship Co. STATISTICS OF TRAFFIC nKTWEEN Prince Edward Island, United States, Canada, AND THE West Indies. With a view of ascertaining the probable amount of freight that would be carried over the Chignecto Ship Railway by a line of Steamers to run from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, and Pictou, Nova Scotia, to St. John, New Brunswick, and Boston, it became necessary to visit the ports and ascertain on the spot the conditions of the existing traffic, its amount and tonnage ; the following information and statistics were accordingly obtained : Exports from the Island for the Year Ending 30TH September, 1883. Names of Articles. Oats, Potatoes, Pork, Preserved Meats, Preserved Fish, ... Mackerel, Eggs, Horses, Starch, Turnips, Hay, «3CZv^Cl) • • • • • • Oysters, Butter, Cheese, Wool, ... Shipping built and exported, Tons Quantities. Freight. Values. 1,525,000 Bus. 23,147 $610,000 1,345,000 36,026 2,000 2,140,000 lbs. 33,000 bus. 380 tons 1,000 bus. 18,100 bbls. 81,235 lbs. 97.225 " 51,295 " >,666 1,000 1,000 380, 336,500 272,500 104,000 470,000 200,000 220,000 170,000 i,8iO( 489,000 Total, 128,000 $3,000,000 4 Chignecio Steaviship Company. The reason why the exports for tiie year 1883 were made use of here is, because owing to the manner in which the Customs Returns of Canada, as published are made up, Httle can be had from them, but in that year Mr. W. C. Desbrisay and assistant were employed by the Government of the Island to prepare a statement of the value of the exports of the products of Prince Edward Island for that year, of which the above is a condensation. Mr. Desbrisay had access to all of the manifests in the Custom House. All that could have escaped him were such products as left the Island in vessels so small that they were not required to clear or enter. No doubt there is considerable increase in the exports of Prince Edward Island since that date, their mean annual increase from the Island for twelve years from 1871 to 1883 having been 5^126,779, or upwards of a million and a half of dollars for that period. There is a good deal of trade between Prince Edward Island and the West Indies, more from Summer- side than from Charlottetown. Oats and potatoes shipped there are exported in bags, and when they are sold the bags and articles contained therein are disposed of together. The exports and imports of the Island are for the greater part being carried by the following lines and steamers : 1. The Boston, Halifax and Prince Edward Island Steamship Company, which owns two wooden steamers, the " Carroll " and "Worcester," of 822 and 796 registered tons respectively. 2. The Quebec Steamship Company, which owns the iron steamer the " Miramichi," of 491 registered tons. 3. The Black Diamond Line, which owns the iron steamers the " Coban," of 688 registered tons, and the " Bonavista," of 8S3 registered tons. 4. The Prince Edward Island Steam Navigation Company, which owns two wooden steamers, the " Princess of Wales," 686 registered tons, and the " St. Lawrence," 675 registered tons. 5. The Halifax and Prince Edward Island Steamship Com- pany, Limited, which owns the iron steamer '* Beatrice," 270 registered tons. S/a/is/ic-i of Traffic. 5 6. The"CoiIa," tramp, iron steamer 161 rej^istercd tons, D. Farquharson, owner. 7. The •' William," tramp, iron steamer, 130 registered tons. 8. The " Stanley," iron steamer, 395 registered tons, owned by the Dominion of Canada. 9. The " Heather Bell," wooden Steamer, 189 registered tons. 10. " iM. A. Starr," wooden steamer, 166 registered tons. The rates of freight from Prince Edward Island to Boston for the following articles are at present as follows : Name of Article. Quantity. Eggs, Per case 30 doz. each. Potatoes, " Bushel, Mackerel, " Barren, Lobsters, " Case of 4 dozen, Starch, " Ton, To St. John by Steamer and Rail : Oats, Per Bushel, Barley, (( t( kate of Freiglit. S0.35 •35 .12 4.00 .07 .09 One of the advantages to be derived from the comj^letion of the Ship Railway is the increase in the length of the period of navigation ; viz. : from about the middle of April, at which time the Straits of Canso are frequently so blocked by ice as to be impassible. Pictou, which has long been connected with the trade of Prince Edward Island, possesses a harbour, which is five miles long by from one half to three quarters of a mile wide. It is open two weeks earlier in the spring and two weeks later in the autumn than the port of Montreal. The Prince Edward Island Steam Navigation Company's vessels make daily trips from Charlotte- town to Pictou. This Company is now having a first-class steel passenger steamer built on the Clyde for this route. The Domin- ion winter steamship "Stanley," built on the Clyde, makes the 6 Chi^necto Steanisliip Company, trip from Charlottetown to Pictou in tlie summer in tiirce liours, while the vessels of the P. E. I. Steam Navigation Co. recjuire five hours. There is a large pleasure travel to P. E. I. through Pictou, and this is constantly increasing. The Magdalen Island steamer " Beaver," iron, leaves Pictou once a week, every Monday, on the arrival of the noon express, calling at Souris and Georgetown, P. E. I., both going and re- turning. Pictou Coal Mines. The area of the Pictou coal field is about thirty miles. It is distant from six to fourteen miles from the wharf in Pictou harbor, where vessels of two thousand five hundred tons can load. There are four mines in Pictou now in active operation ; viz. : Vale, Albion. Acadia, Drummond. The Vale, Acadia and Albion are under one management, that of the Halifax Co. There are four workable seams of coal, vary- ing in size from 5 to 36 feet each. The character of the coal is good for steam, iron making, and for gas. It is remarkable for its freedom from sulphur, contrasting strongly in this respect with the Cape Breton coal. 60,000 tons have formerly been banked for months, and there never was a case of spontaneous com- bustion. The different characters of coal shipped from Pictou and their respective prices free on board are as follows : Lump, . . . from $2 00 to $2 25 per ton Run qI Mine, 2 75 " Nut, I 25 Culm, from $0 60 to 75 " There is Railway communication between all of the mines and tidal water, and coal can be shipped from seven to eight months in the year. The product of the Pictou mines for the year ending Dec. 31st, 1888 was 474,188 tons. This output can easily be trebled should the state of the market warrant it. Statistics of Traffic. 7 Iron Ores of Pictou. The iron ore district of Pictou embraces extensive deposits of this material. It is distant from fifteen to sixteen miles from the wharf at Pictou harbor. In order to utilize this ore the construc- tion of a branch railway seven miles long connecting with Eureka station on the Intercolonial would be required. Much of this ore is of excellent quality, free from impurities, and easily reducible, and would be an excellent article to export to the United States. Considering the numerous ports in New Brunswick and Quebec, situate at the mouths of various rivers, down which large quantities of timber are every season floated to the sea, as well as the great annual production of the fisheries on the Gulf, it is highly pro- bable that there is a sufficient trade around the shores of the Gulf to employ a steamer or two. Shingles are even now constantly being exported to the United States from this quarter by rail at a great sacrifice for carriage. It is estimated that a saving of $1.50 per ton could be saved by transporting the same by Ship Railway \ and steamer. Such is the demand for cedar sleepers at present in the United States that they are now being carried by steamship from the Province of Quebec to Boston through the Straits of Canso at a cost of fourteen cents per sleeper. In the vicinity of the rivers which discharge into the Bay of Chaleur, more especially in the Province of Quebec, an unlimited supply of this wood can be had for many years. In fact, this is the best locality in Eastern America for obtaining cedar sleepers, shingles, and telephone or telegraph poles, and the quality of the wood is also remarkably good here. In confirmation of the above, see clipping from the Moncton T'mf^ of May 6th, 1890: Railway Sleepers. •'The shipment of railway sleepers from Bay Chaleur to Boston and neighboring ports will probably exceed 200,000 ties during the present season. Recent charters include the brig 'American Union,' Bay Chaleur to Portsmouth, N. H., at 14c; the balance are to go to Boston direct,two trips each, schooners 'North America,' 174 tons, 'North America,' 138 tons, ' Alta,' ' Mary Rogers.' new, and 'Annie Simpson,' at 15c ; ' Veritas ' at i5>2C; ' Elizabeth Ann ' and ' Mary E. McLaughlin ' at I4j4c." 8 Chii^^urcfo S/t'aws/ii/> Covipany SUMMKRSIDK. IV)iNT Du Chene Shipments. Shipments per steamers " Princess of Wales" and " St. Law- rence " from Summerside to Point du Chene for week ending 30th July, 1S90: J)v^ »«.vyio\-i:7, ••• ••• .,, 546 Lambs 1,102 4 I'igs, 2 Calves 48 8 840 Cases Ej4gs, jr Barrels Mackerel, 3.413 694 52 Cases " I Bale Calfskins, 287 12 1600 Pounds Ham, 192 15 Barrels Pork 150 Yards Island Cloth 240 120 Total $11486 Statisiics of Traffic SECTION No. 2. Canada has wants which only a tropical climate can supply. Spices, fruits, sugars, and delicacies requiring hotter weather to mature than is found in her tem|)erate regions, must be provided for her i)eople. F'ortunately, the West Indies, lying at her very door, sui)ply all her wants in this respect, receiving in payment therefor just such articles: Wood, fish, potatoes, oats, etc., as can only be produced in a climate similar to her own. The West India Islands under British rule have an area of more than fifteen thousand square miles, while British Guiana contains 76,000 square miles. These are said to have a population of a million and a quarter. If to this be added that of the French, Spanish, Danish, Swedish, and Venezuellan Islands, as well as that of the Republics of Hayti and St. Domingo, comprising in all a popula- tion of from four to five million, we have a people nearly equal in numbers to that of Canada, which requires just such articles as the latter can supply, and which must ere long, and so soon as efficient means shall have been taken to supply their wants, owing to their proximity to its shores, become the best customers of Canada. In ordes to give an idea of the extent of the imports into the West Indies, we have made use of some statistics gathered by the Honorable John McDonald, of Toronto, who lately visited the West Indies : Barbadoes imports articles of the value of $4,615,935 - Trinidad " " " 9.593.350 British Guiana " " " 8,015,875 Of these the United States furnishes by far the greater quantity. In the case of Barbadoes, the trade with the American Republic exceeds that with all other countries combined. lO Chig7iecto Steamship Company. '-=^'- To British Guiana. The United States Sends. Bread, including Biscuits, 709,630 lbs. Butter, Candles, tallow, ... Cheese,... Confectionery, Corn and Oatmeal, . Corn Brooms, Flour, Grain, Grain, feed. Hams, Hay, Mules, Oils, Pitch .Shooks, Soaps, Tar, Tobacco, Tongue, pickled, Turpentine, Apothecaries' Wares, Cabinet Ware, Hardware, Leather, Linens and Cottons, .. Miscellaneous, Paper Manufactures, Preserved Fruits, ... Preserved Meats, Wood Manufacturers, 182,671 • 32,745 " 193.720 " .. 6,164 " 1,731,124 " 2,o63 doz. 138,941 bbls. . 28,064 bus. 10,025 • 205,835 837,879 194 393.233 gals. 1,023 bbls. 5,191 packs . 494,890 lbs. 720 bbls. 10,015 lbs. 12,203 2,785 gals. 261 pkgs. 422 " 729 " 244 " 317 " r,o82 " 2,147 " 238 " 1,561 " 418 •' British North America Sends. 1 1,200 lbs. 6 Duty. i< none 200 doz. none 100 bbls. none. 1,223 7,460 none. 338 packs 92 lbs. none II 150 none II i< II 20 pkgs. 2 " 6 " none II 410 pkgs. none s. d. 2 I per 100 lbs. I " lb. I " 100 lbs. I " lb. \ " 100 lbs. 2 per bbl. 2\ " bush. (( ii I " lb. 5 " 100 lbs. I o 10 per gal. 2 I 4 o O 2\ O O O 4 2 I 2 I 1 \o\ O 1 o 9 " bbl. " pkg. " 100 lbs. " bbl. " lb. II St. John, and to the American cities of the Atlantic coast, but starting from the dividing line between Westmorland and Cumberland, two of the most fertile counties in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. (The deposit of rich marine alluvium covering 52 square miles in the parish of Sackville alone). It will also afford a ready means of transit to the above mentioned places for all the products of this district, as well as for those of the County Albert, and agricultural products form a very large part of the exports of this section of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to the United States. To this may be added the fact that as there is a large passenger travel to and from Boston by the International line of steamships which ply between the port and St. John, not only from among the people of Prince Edward Island, but also from among those of the three counties above named, as well as of the residents of counties in New Brunswick which border on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. A large part of the travel from Eastern New Brunswick and Western Nova Scotia, which formerly took steamer at St. John for Boston, will hereafter be transferred from the International line to the line of steamships which will cross the Chignecto Railway. E.J. APPENDIX. All fears of the practicability of the Ship Railway and injury to vessels will disappear as if by magic at the transport of the tirst loaded vessel from Gulf to Bay. From Tidnish, Baie Verte, to St. John by Ship Railway will only take from eight to twelve hours, whereas by the voyage around Nova Scotia it might occupy as many days. The tolls will be regulated on the following princi- ples : 1. To encourage and develop trade by low rates, and to prolong the Inland Lake navigation to St. John, N. B., from Western Canada. 2. To discriminate as to nature and value of cargo, also size of vessel. 3. To compete with freights around the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia. 4. To carry at the lowest rates, consistent with a moderate return on the capital invested, until the Marine Railway is worked up to its full capacity. 5. To make a small charge on the hull, as well as cargo, to be regulated on a sliding scale principle. 6. To have regard to the distance the cargoes have come in the manner of railways as to the products of the West. The probable rates v/ill be twelve and a half cents a ton on the gross register of the vessel transported, and the cargoes will be charged at a rate on the barrel, bushel, ton, or thousand, that will draw trade in the direction of their destination, and will not probably exceed usual cost on canals, including towage. 17 1 8 Appendix. CHIGNECTO MARINE TRANSPORT RAILWAY. ESTIMATK OI- THE PrOHAHLE TrAFKIC TO HECaRKIKI) AND DkVEI.OPED. Articles op Commekcr. Fkom. Towards. Products of the Forest. — All kinds of short or small lumber, planks, deals, boards, battens, scantling, clapboards, cedar and pine shingles, laths, palings, pickets, ship timbers, knees, rnasts, spars, cedar sleepers, pine, hacmatac, rail- way ties, telegraph poles, spil- ing, hemlock bark, hemlock boards, staves, hoops, sngar box shooks, black ash, elm, maple. Pine boards, oak, flni, wal- nut, ash. Products of the \\ \stern ProTtnces. — Flour, meal, bar- ley, oats, corn, wheat, iiork, beet, hides, mijieral oil, agri- cultural implejnents, machi- nery and other heavy manu- factures, phosphates, ores, etc. Ag^ricultural and Animal products from Prince Edw\i Island and Cafic Breton (west coast). — Potatoes, roots of all kinds, oats, beans, peas, press- ed hay, lard, tallow, wool, horses, cattle, sheep, swine, dairy produce, poultry, hides, pelts. Products of the Sea and the Fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.— Fish of .ill kinds, cured, frozen, pickled, canned, dried or alive ; cod, halibut, mackerel, ling, pollock, s.il- mon, capelin, herring, smelt, alewives, lobsters, oysters ; also, coal, seal, porpoise and whale oils. Products of Mines and Quarries, — Coal from Pictou for steam purposes ; freestone, plaster, rough and calcined, grindstones, marble and slate, and ores. Coal from Sydney via St, Peter Canal. Miscellaneous Products. — Merchandise, vessels seeking short cut and looking for car- goes ; steamers, tugs, schoon- ers and small craft generally going to winter in St. John. The North Shore of New ilrunswick, Nova Scotia, Hay Chaleur, & (Jaspi' r.asin. Estimated at forty million superficial feet. (Juebec. iSI on t real, To- ronto, Chicago, and all lake i)orts. Ports of Char- lotte town, Sum- merside, George- town, Labrador, Anti- costi, Bay Chaleur, Gaspf! Basin, P. E. Island, & the Gulf waters generally, and from (Quebec. Pictou, Port Hood, Wallace, Cape Breton, (west coast) Gloucester. New Sydney, (Juebec and Gulf ports, P. E. Island. St. John, United States, West Indies, (juiana, lira/il, Buenos Ayres. Coming in the lake propellors to St. John, can there exchange for sou- thern products, and coal, plaster and stone. To Saint John, Portland, Boston, Proviilencc, New York, West Indies, Ports of the Uni- ted States, north & south, Cape Cod, New Bedford,Glou- cester. New York, New Orleans, West Indies, Brazil, Bue- nos Ayrcs. To United States ports, West Indies, St. John. St. John. To United States, and to St. John, ind to winter lin Bay of Fundy. AUTHOKITY. Sen. Muirhead. W. Klder, M.P.P P:d. Jack, C. E. F. C. Winslow. Hon.J.W. Law- rence. Hon. J. lioyd. J. Pickard, M.P. li Pickard, M.P. on. J. Young at meeting of Do- minion Board of Trade in '71, Hansard, 1876, p. 1 1 44. C. Burpee, M P. Hon. J. C. Pope. J.C.Hall. W. Klder, M.P.P Hon.J.S.Carvill R. (i. Lunt. J C. Hall. W. Elder, M.P.P Hon.R. Marshall C. Milner. Alex. Wright. H. A. Budden. F. Newbery. Hon. J. Boyd. A. Wright. Hon. J. Boyd. A. \Vright. Report on Bale Verte Canal page II. C. Burpee, M. P Appendix. 19 ESTIMATE OF THF PROBABLE T^M^VXQ-Covtinued. Articles op Commbkcb. From. Towards. AuTHtJRlTV. RETURN TRADE. Tropical and Semi-Tropi- South America, To Montreal, Hon. J. Boyd. cal Products.— "Aw^ViX, mo- Brazil, (}uiana. (Quebec, Toronto, Hon. J. Young, lasses, cotton, coffee, hides, West Indies, Sou- and all lake ports. speech at Do- tallow. thern States, and also to gulf ports minion Board exchangeable at St. and P. K. Island. of Trade, 1871. John for Western J. Pickard.M.P. Canadian products and manufactures. C. Milner. Products 0/ the Mine.— From the collier- Montreal, Toron- Quebec Board of Bituminous coal of Nova ies of Cumberland to, Quebec, and all Trade. Scotia. Co.. South Joggins, Spring Hill, Hib- lake ports, also to J. W. Lawrence. P. K. Island and Alex. Wright. bard, Lawrence, all Gulf ports. C. Milner. Milner, and other Hon. J. Boyd, mines of Maccan & Sen. Dickey. River Hebert. Hon. W. Muir- head. Products 0/ the Quarry. Dorchester, Quebec, Montreal, Hon.J.W. Law- — Olive, grey and brnwn free- Hopewell, Harvey, Toronto, and all rence. stone. Saint Mary's Bay, cities and towns of Hon. Jno. Boyd. Woody Point. the western Pro- Hon. R . B . Red Granite. St. George.Ch'lotte vinces, Dickey. Grey Granite. St. John County. Iron, marble, time Grind- Londonderry stones, scythe and whet stones Mines. and ores. Five Islands and Minudie. Plaster (gypsum) in the Windsor, Martin's To Ontario and J. G. Tompkin. W. Elder, M.P.P rough used as fertilizer, and Head, HiUsboro', the west. manufactured calcined plaster Shepody. Merchandise, Manufac- United States, To Quebec and Hon. J. Young. tures and Su/plies.— Being St. John and Bay all Gulf ports. Chamber of the return propeller cargoes of Fundy ports. Commerce, St. in exchange for lumber from John. north shore, N. B., N. S., and J. Pickard, M. P. Quebec, and agricultural pro- ducts of P. E. Island. Miscellaneous. — The fish- Outfitted in Uni- For the Gulf fish- Hon. J. W. Law- ing fleets with bait and sup- ted States or in Bay cries, Labrador, rence. plies, and other cargo, ves- of Fundy or Saint Anticosti,BayCha- leur, Gaspe Basin. Senator Dickey. sels seeking cargoes, steam- John. ers, tugs, smacks and small craft. By the Government Returns for last year the total arrivals and departures of vessels engaged in the Coasting Trade of the Maritime Provinces amounted to 68,246 vessels, and 10,863,329 tons. 20 Appendix. DISTANCES SAVED BY SHIP RAILWAY. FROM, Tidniih, Uaie Verte, Montreal, (Quebec, Gasp6 Basil', Q., Chatham, N. B., Bathurst, N. B Richibucto, N. B., Charlottetown, P. E. I., Summerside, P. E. I., Georgetown, P. E. I., Pictcu, N. S., St. Peters Canal, N. S., Parrsborough, N. S., Truro, N. S., Windsor, N. S Digby, N. S., Yarmouth, N. S., Joggins Coal Mines, N. S., Moncton, N. B., TO. St. John St. John Portland, Boston, St. John, Portland, Boston, St. John, Portland, Boston St. John Portland, Boston, St. John, Portland, Boston, St. John, Portla.id Boston St. John, Portland, Boston, St. John Portland Boston, St. John, Portland Boston, St. John, Portland, Boston, St. John, Tidnish, Bale Verte, , do. da. do. do. do. do. Via Gut Via Ship Saving of Canbo. Railway. Voyage. KNOTS. 620 1,315 1,396 1,443 1,155 1,235 1,286 760 830 880 740 826 875 830 910 960 675 756 805 585 665 715 636 715 6G5 545 625 675 645 625 675 465 680 720 680 580 490 650 700 KNOTS. 120 980 1,105 1,246 770 1,005 1,086 365 600 680 280 515 595 370 605 685 215 450 530 180 420 500 175 410 490 225 460 5-10 180 420 500 280 120 160 140 150 220 50 60 KNOTS. 500 *38S 930 t«00 385 »30 »oo 385 230 200 400 310 S80 460 306 275 460 305 a75 |405 245 215 460 305 !S75 320 165 135 365 ao5 175 185 560 560 540 430 270 600 640 ♦ Per Report of Baie Verte Canal Commissioners, 225 knots ; error, 160 knots. t " " " " 175 knots ; error, 25 knots. j " " " '• 354 knots ; error, 51 knots. 4^ Propellers from Montreal and Quebec, calling at Gulf Ports via Straits of Northumber- land, would save 430 miles. By the Report of Baie Verte Canal Commissioners the saving wa.s put at 225 miles, being an error of 160 miles direct and 205 miles zz/o Straits. — Vide Report p. ij.