A^ ^>-#, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ifi LI 1.25 21 ill 2.5 2.0 i^ 1^ 12.2 ;;i.8 1-4 IIIIII.6 V] V) 7 /A CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the images in the reproduction are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Certains ddfauts susceptibles de nuire d la quality de la reproduction sont notds ci-dessous. Coloured covers/ Couvertures de couleur D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur D D D Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6cotor6es, tachet^es ou piqudes Tight binding (may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin)/ Reliure serrd (peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure) n B Coloured plates/ Planches en couleur Show through/ Transparence Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es D Additional comments/ Commentaires suppldmentaires Bibliographic Notes / Notes bibliographiques □ D D □ Only edition a>'ailabla/ Seule Edition aisponible Bound with other maturial/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Plates missing/ D^s planches manquent Additional comments/ Commentaires suppldmentaires D D D Pagination incorrect/ Erreurs de pagination Pages missing/ Des pages manqusnt Maps missing/ Des cartes gdographiques manquent The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont dt6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de I'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ► (meaning CONTINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la der- nidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". The original copy was borrowed from, and filmed with, the kind consent of the following institution: Library, Geological Survey of Canada Maps or plates too large to be entirely included in one exposure ^re filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de i'6tablissement prdteur suivant : Bibliotheque, Commission G6ologique du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul clich6 sont fiSmiftes d partir de Tangle supdrieure gauche, de gaurhe d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S • \ ^imr^^smmm^i^'^r'iifg^. /'i/t^eivvk/6aA/ui. 3^ OBT -OP- ■'^^^' CERTAIN IRON ORES -IN- Xrfaaa&rlE Co., - Oat. -ON— Lands in the Townships of Darling and Uvant, — :0 THE PROPERTY OF O: — MESSRS. WYI.XK afHALX^i:!^ — INOI-UDING— MADB WITH A VIEW TO THE SXHTABILITT OF TBB LOOALITT VOR THE BSTABtlSIiMBNT OF A €H4ROOA1,:»SIE]LTIHG FURI«A€E, -WITH- E8TIMATES OF THE COST OF MAKING PIQ-IRON FROM TEE ORE. -BY- JOHN BIRKINBIxNE, ENGINES Secretary of the Am. Jnstiiute of Charcoal Iron Workers, of Phiiadelphia, Pa. ^TO'NrSD^fSSZi 1888. OiBNYlRAU VANADIAN Print. REPORT ;. .'--•. II - .1, I' '1 I I.' r 11 -OF- J. BIRKIHEINI, EHaiHEER. -ON- IRON MINES IN LANARK CO., .( 02^TTA.ItI0. i Wni. H. WYLIE, E-vj., Carhton Place, Out. . ' Dkar SiK, — The following is pxesented as the results of an oxftmination which I mide, in company with yourself and Mr. William Hall, of certnin properties in Lanark County, Ontario, on i which there were indications of iron ore ; together with such ' estimates and other data as are believed to be serviceable to you. The several properties visited were located as ;, follows : (The letters of designation here given will bo ustd throughout this communication). ; A. HEMATITE. East Half of Lot 16, Fourth Conce.ssion ; 0^,,jt^_^ ^'Uik ^~Vf • One Hundred Acres ; Township of Darling, County of Lanirk. *" 2** [ i" B. IRON DUKE. East Half of Lots 21 and 22 ; Fourth ^, lX\.\ i! Concession ; Two Hundred Acres. And East Half of Lot 22 in ^^<|>. j.t. i " ^^ Third Concession ; One Hundred Acres ; Township of Darhng ; -^^^ eL ...^ ^ jj- ,' County of Lanark. .^ r , '; C. LAVANT GIANT. Lot No. 11, First Concesdion, Two L*^,^^ ^^ ^ ,- |), Hundred Acres ; East Half of Lot No. 11, Second Concession, Une ^,| \l Hundred Acres ; and East Half of Lot No. 12, Second Concession, 5*'**' ** ^^- ij (.)ne Hundred Acres. All in Township of Lavant. Ci'* li- - jy ;, All the properties are located in Timber Di«- i. tvicts, "A" and 'B' particularly. '*' DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY " A." The indications of ore were — bo far as my inves- tigations extended — confined principally to a clearing in the wooded area, but there the surface is well strewn with specular iron ore, from quite Siuall pieces to boulders. Unfortunately no exploration other than a little surface scratching has been made ; so that there is no means jf determining the probable extent or character :>t the depo -it. > The amount of ore visible is such as may safely encourage the necessary preliminary expenditure to locate ancl op«n up the deposit ; and the ore is abundantly rich in iron, and readily smelted. QUALITY. The only analysis obtainable was made by Ledous and Rickelt, New York, as follows ; Metallic Iron, 66 percent. Phosphorus, ....oJs do ^ Titanium, None. This exhibits an excesisive amount of Phosphor- ous, and the per cenlago of iron would indicate that the analysis was made from a specimen above the average in richness. * 'rtie ore, according to. the above analysis, is not suited for producing iron for steel by the acid or Bessemer pro cess ; but not sufficiently phosphoretio to make it especially valuable for metal to be converted by the basic process. It would probably make a very iluid Foundry iron, and would work 'kindly^ in the blatt furnace. Most of the ores in the Marquette and Meno- minee Ranges, Michigan, and . those of Iroi. Mountain and Pilot Knob. Missouri, are specular ores ; so also is that obtained from the llio Mine, Island of Elba. When ihe Territory on which the ore is found is thoroughly examined and test openings made, it would be advis- able to have thorough analyses made of the average ore bo as to more thoroughly test its value. ,. FACILITIES OF PROPERTY « A." A stream flows at the fort of the hill on which the ore is found, which would furnish sufficient water for a blast furnace plant ; and the wealth of timber adjacent to the property would give im ample supply of wood for manufacturing charcoal for many yeai's. No railroad facilities at present exist, but the topographical features are such as admit of cheap construQtioo of wagon /oads, or braQohes to existing railroads. The valley of the stream above mentioned would give an easy menpH of reaching the property, and it is not io^pro- bable that contemplated extensions of existing lines may follow this course. (*Ferrio oxide is composed' of 70 per cent, of iron and 30 per c^ni. of oxygen. As this forma the base of red ben atite or speca- lar ores, a^venty per cent- of metallic iron is the oMxitnum amount which could be found in thoroughly dry,.e)ttM) are, free from may impuritiM. ) I , ^ DESCRIFflON OF PROPERTY "B." Although clo»!e to property "A," the property "B'' is separated by ridges, heavily timbered, which it is moi« con- venient for roads to pass nround thnn to cross. The indications of ore on this property are distribuied over a greater area, and the outcroppings are more pronounced than on property "A,"' som« of the indications being most encouraging in appearance. • • QUALITY. The character of the ore is decidedly diflerent from that on property ''A,'' that on property "B" bein^r a niagne' tite, and the partial analysis shown me gives indications of a superior quality, thus ., .• ,.- '■:(■■ Metallic Iron 65.81 Pliosphorus 0.0i7. Titanluni None. It 19 to be regrettccj that the Silica, Manganese, and Sulphur, were not also determined. The sample as analysed shows an unusually low per centageof Phosphorus, and a per centage of Iron greater than the average of the Lake Superior Magnetites, and also than the ore as ordinarily won near Port Henry and at Crown Point, N. Y. I would strongly recommend a complete analysis of the average of this ore, and a development of the deposits ; for if its quality i\pproxiniatns the analvsid given, and if it can be cheaply mined, it is of unusual value. * FACILITIES OF PROPERTY "B.' This location is also most favorable for a supply of fuel, the tract being heavily wooded and surrounded with immense areas of timber land. Localities for blast furnaces can be found near to the ore outcrops, but it will probably be advan- tageous to erect such industries upon one of the Lakes convenient to the property, thus giving ample water for furnace uses, and a cheap method of bringing fuel to the plant ; such localities would also offer better fticilities for railroad construction to exist- ing lines, or permit of partial water transportation. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY "C." Tliii IS located several miles South of the other properties, and presents many favorable indications. The 0|)e (• Magnetic Oxide, the base of Magnetic Iron ores, consists of 72— 41. per cent, of Iron and 27.-59. per cent, of Oxygen. A thoroughly dry Magnetite, free from any impuritie£ whatever, could not therefore contain over 72. 41. jper cent, of Metallic outcrops are of a phenomenal size, and although no analysis of the ore haa been mude, it may bb classed among the rich magnetites. It ia worthy of thorough Jnvefltign.tion and develop- ment, and I would expect it to be of excellent quality. It is not in as heavily a timbered irea as properuy "B," but abundance of wood is found in the vicinity ; and as the ore occurs close to the Clyde River, a ready means of transporting timber to the property in the future exists. It IS probable that it will be found advantageous to locate a plant for smelting this ore on Joes Lalie (a part of the Clyde River), as I understand this body of water will Hoat boats ot considerable draught close to the King'^ton & Pembroke Rail - road. A wagon or train road two miles in length can readily be built to the Lake, with grade favoring the transportation of ore to the furnaces. It is also natural to expect that railroad exten- sions would seek the valley of the Clyde. COMPARISON OF DEPOSITS. Without thorough analysis no comparison of the quality of the ores h possible, nor can an estimate of the extent of any of the deposits be made without developments. Appearances, however, favor deposit "C as to quantity in sight, and it is pi-obable that this deposit can be brought into use mo»'e cheaply than either of the others. If Joe's Lake is navigable for large scows to thu railroad, the location of a furnace plant here would seem most advantageous. Next to property *'C,'' it seems probable that property "B" would offer the best opportunities for development. Each of the properties, however, presents suffi- cient induoementa to encourage a thorough investigation of the quality and extent of the ore, and of the local advantages for manufacturing pig-iron. OTHER ore:'. The ores now beinj; mined in the country Adjacent to the properties are of unusual quality, and some of them are now taken seventy five miles to Lake Ontario by railroad, thence transported by boat to U. S- Porta, (where a duly of seventy- five oetits per ton must be paid upon them), and from whence they are shipped by rail several hundred miles. Two tons of this ■ame ore could be mined and delivered at furnaces located close to them, for less than it would cost to deliver one ton of it at U. S. Ports on Loke Ontario, and yet no effort seems to be made to utilize these ores in Canada. ' •• '^"- COST OF MINING. ' • » With the meagre data at hand it is impossible to estimate the cost of mining iron ores on the properties under consideration, but to allow for ordinary underground working, one 3 dollar and sixty cents ppr ton will be tnken in the following esti- fna'.es, and although the analysis shows a richer ore, an .ivenigo of Tt-j per cent, only will be* taken. To allow for cost of property, development, etc., ft royalty of twenty five cents per ton of ore will also be added in the estinoatea. , i li .^ • j ,; ' f ' , 'I ' . ' " FLu^. . . :.,,,,^;,. '" Unlerj the ores (jftler greatly from the partial AnalyMis given, the proportion of iiux require*! will not be larger, but there is an abundance of limestone convenient to the various ptoperties. In the estimate of cost of producing iron three tenths of a ton of flux at $1.50 delivered is allowed per ton of pig iron. FUEL SUPPLY. No mineral fusl is, as far as known, accessible for use in a blast furnace plant located in the vicinity of any of the properties ; nor does it seem at all probable that it would be most profitable to ship the ore mined to locations more conven- ient to such supply. 'i'his is not, however, a drawback, for the various properties are within easy reach of the best known fuel for smelting iron oliurcoil, — which can be delivered to an industry at rates much below the avenige ot wiiat similar fuel costs in the United States. The prodi'ction of charcoal pig iron in the United States has within the past five years greatly increased, as will be seen from the following statistics : CHARCOAL IRON PRODUCED IN TIIE UNITJID STATES. . Ill the Year 1878 1870 tSSO 1881 188» Tons,.... 593,390 358^73 5S7,&5.S «38,83S ti97,»()ii The per cer.tage of increase in production of pig-ircn from 1^78 to 1882 was as follows : With Anthracite Coa' 87 iwr cent. V'l ; •! ; " BitumliiouH " W, " •- . " Charcoal, 13S •' r ■ Sorae of the furnaces using this kind of fuel can point to records of low fuel consumption or large outputs which, when compared with their size, have not been equalled l>y mineral fuel plants. There is no fuel which fulfiU the requirements of a bl.ist furraie better tlrin charcoal. As wood is abundant and cheap, you need havt^ no fear as to fuel supply, and the ch^mioter of the timber growth will mnkc cha'C^al of the best quality. I COSr OF PRODITC'ING CHARCOAL. In mnny paits oP the United Stiitfs whero wojJ is by no means iis plt^ntiful, nor of as good quality as in Lanark and adjacent Couiitie'). Ctimcoil is made in meiiera in the wnodii and deiivereil to iron works at 8ix cents pei- hushel. When kilns are used, a lower price still is often obtained ; and if retorts aro employed, a further reduotion in co.tt is po'sible, even if the gabeouB products ure not utilized. To illustrate : Our iron works have a battery of kilns locateil in wood, very similar to ili.'it adjacent, to the locations eximined, and a rdsponsible party contnicted to cut the wood, haul it to kilne, ciri>oniz9 it, imd dt»liver t!-o charcoal in can* at four cents per bushel. The in e.'est and depreciation of kiln -plant woul 1 bo about iitteen one- hundredths of one cent per bushel, so that an estimito of tive cents per luishel would allow for cutting wood and miking cliaicoAl, the interest and depreciation of plant, as above, and pay at the rate of thirty -eiyht cents per cord, for stump ige or wood leave. A close estimate lately made show.^ the cost of l)roduoinp charcoil h» retorts (where wood cost S3 00 per cord delivered ac the works) to lie six and one-(|uarter cents per bush- el, allowing 75 cents per cord for cutting, 38 cents for wood leave, and 87 cenu per cord for hauling to the retorts. This would make charcoal cost you 4^ cents per bushel. An esiimale of i\\ - cents per bushel will there fore appear ample for a number of years. Charcoal pig iron has been m ide with from 70 to 80 bushek of charwoal, and a consumption of not less than 10 1 busliels is not unusual ; but to idlow for a possible refractory charaoter of ore, and contingencies of operation, an .ayerage con sumption of 100 bushels, is estimated for The bushel here used, U that adopted by "The United States Association of Charcoal Iron Workers," viz. : 2,74S cubic inches in volume, or 20 pounds in weight. CO.ST OF MAKING PIG IRON. The following is believed to be ample to cover the expenses of jiroducing one ton of pig iron with a modern plant and appliances. - Various allowances, each «iescrlbed in preceding pages, hove been made io cover contingencies in ore, flux and fuel supply. 1.8 tons of ore. .5' per cent. ( Mlninu, $l.«a Uoyolty I'o • Handllngr m. furnace l'> — f-'OO per ton * 3.6i! Three>t«nth8 tons of flnx delivered (jd) 1.50 •' 45 110 bushels nf Olmrcoal, (a) 6 " 5.60 I.iab«r making Iron, '■i-^^ Repairs and HUpi.lle^, GO Interest and siiperlntcmlcnec, 80 $12 86 ¥■' Amount carried forward from sixth page, 5112 85 Add transportation to centra! distributing point, 1 00 $13 m Deduct Government bo:;us, 1 50 ;^12 35 Low giades of English pig iron now commanfl nearly $20 per ton in Montreal ; you could hereloibre probably