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o. TT. TVf . a. 
 
 Dtputy Miniattr. 
 
 LABORATORY 
 
 or THB 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OTT-A.WA, CANADA 
 
 BULLETIN ISTo. 186 
 
 ALMOND FLAVOURING EXTRACTS 
 
 4315—1 
 
ill 
 
LABORA'rORY 
 
 or iM 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OT rX"W A , CA.!* A.T>4V 
 
 BULLETIN No. 136 
 
 ALMOND FLAVOUHING KXTRACFS 
 
 Ottawa, Julj 10, 1907. 
 
 W. J. Oebalo, Esq-. 
 
 Daputy Minwter of Inland Revenue. 
 
 S.H,_I beg to «.b-it . «.port upon .ixty-five «n.ple. of Almond FUv^ng 
 Extract; with Icomp^ying not«, «kI would «p«>tfuU, suggest the pubhctu« of 
 the whole, oa Bulletin No. 13«. 
 
 I have the honour to be, sir. 
 
 Your obedient aervant, 
 
 A. MoOILL, 
 
 Acting Chirf Anedytt. 
 
ALMOND FLAVOURlN(J EXTRACTS 
 
 In consequence of mimn reported cmom of apparent poiitoning from the UM of 
 Almond EstractM, «uppciM^ t^i contain nu>r« th»n trac«>a of hydroey»nic (pruuic) acid, 
 (L 408SU), a collection of ■ixtjrHve (6n) MamplcNof Bwifnce of Bitter Almondn, «old for 
 the purpoM of flavouring pantry, it«cre(vin, tfcc, wan made in April and Majr of thi« 
 year. Five tuunpleM were purchatted in each <>f tlie tliirteea tnHpaotoral Diatrict>i. 
 
 These have been oarefully (examined for pnifwic acid, by Mr. lietnoine, of thii 
 Laboratory, and hit rewulUt are given in the ac-cr)tiipAnying table. 
 
 I may explain that prunaic aeid ia not an emential coOHtituent of an almond 
 flavouring extract, except in the Mnne that it in naturally produced by a ferment pretient 
 in the almond iH>ed, which actH on the glucoside utnygdaline to produce Ix-nzaldehyde 
 and pruitic acid, ttigether with glucose. The lienzaldehyde is the eMential comp«jn<!nt, 
 jM) far OH development of flavour ix concerned. For culinary pur|>o«eH, the pruMic acid 
 Hhould be removed by special treatment. 
 
 In modern |>ractic«> it in UMuai to i>ul>i*titut« an artificial benzaldehyde, made from 
 toluene, for the article produced as above, by fermentation of Mniy;;daline. Tlio artificial 
 benzaldehyde is, (atvording to U(|uire'(i Companion to the British Pharmacop<eia, 17th 
 edition, p. 90) ' scarcely inferior as a flavouring agent, to the natural oil.' It has the 
 advantage of being entirely free from prussic acid, and I cannot regard the employment 
 of pure benzaldehyde in the prefiaration of almoiid flavouring t>H8ences, aa fraudulent ; 
 although I consider it deHirable that a distinction should be made between such an 
 essence and one made from the almond kernel, by appending the descriptive word 
 ' Arli final ' to the same. 
 
 Nitrobenzol (oil of mirbane) is sometimes used as a substitute for benzaldehyde 
 in the preparation of artificial almond flavouring. Since this article is quite different 
 in chemical character, from thu natural flavour, its employment is to be regarded as an 
 adulteration. Its odour is somewhat like that of lienzaldehyde, but more pungent. 
 Nitrobenzol has not been found in any of the samples now reported. Dyes have been 
 found in nine samples. There can be no reason found for the use of dyes, in almond 
 essence, except the gratification of a popular demand for colour. It is to be regretted 
 that a false taste should exist in thit> regard. So far as wholesomenesn is concerned, 
 there is no ground for complaint, as regards the traces of colouring matter found. 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid (prussi ■ acid) is entirely absent from sixty-one (61) of the sixty- 
 five (65) famines now reported. In one of the remaining four samples, a mero trace 
 was found, and in only three (3) wa -. the quantity measurable. In these cases the 
 amount is too small to have any practical danger to the user, and, although its presence 
 n^ay be taken to be a guarantee of the natural character of the article, I think it 
 undesirable that even traces should remain in the flavouring essence. 
 
 Total number of samples analysed 60 
 
 Number entirely free from prussic acid 61 
 
 M containing measurable amounts 3 
 
 II trace only 1 
 
 II dyes 9 
 
 4 
 
 ^^l 
 
5 
 
 ExPtAXATOR/ KOTK. 
 
 EM«ncM uimI for *xperiiMnting purp<MM w«r« ooapooodad Msoordiag to the \JM 
 Ph»riimvop«i'i« m follows :— 
 
 Mock Bewaldi-hyik I p»rt, Alcohol 80 part*, w»Ur aiW KK. 
 
 II Nitrobenasol >• •• '• 
 
 •I Oil of Hitter Almondi - » h 
 
 The HM-thods followed in thw nbore r»»e»rch«* were tlioee deaoribod by -h, 
 
 ' F.kkI Infpection Mid AnHlyni-s p*«p« 749-ai ' ; with the oxroption. m reganli . ^ 
 1k«iiw>1 that ii wm found et^ier to dip the t«it-tube in hot w»ter inHteMl of lioiling tho 
 li<|Utd on a naked Jlime. Tlie ap|iearanee of a deep violet r'ng at the lower part of tho 
 tuU- wan f«nind to lie a delicate te«t ; three cubic oentiinetren of the oiMnre of iiilro- 
 U-nwil givinK an evident reaction. The two other pre|*ared ewtenceii gave no reaction. 
 Fiiur cubic «!entiui tren of the cusenoe of nitro-benzul dilut«»<l to double quantity with an 
 i-«Hfiice bought in the city aluo gave the reaction, the aaded euenoe having previoiuly 
 given no leaponM to testa for nitro benzol. 
 
 The delicacy and accurateness of the silver cyanide test in the quantiUtive 
 e»ttniation of prussic acid wan proved m follows. A few cubic centimetres of the dis- 
 tillate from a mixture of fernx-yanide of potassiuni and sulphuric acid were made up to 
 lOOccs. and gave following nwults : — 
 
 Ice. required 2 2 .y silver solution; J strength rec|uired 13 
 
 2-5 .. •' 1-2 
 
 „ 3-4 „ « I'S 
 
 „ 2-4 " " 
 
 25c<M. U.S.P. essence re«|uired 3 5 
 
 ■I « 3-5 
 
 3* 
 
 H II 3-4 
 
 As Ice. A silver solution is equal to 0027 grmm. pruiwio awd, 3 ^0027 - 
 
 0094; 0094 x 4 = • 038 grmm. per lOOccs. (1,680 mini ih). 
 
 The diluted hydrocyanic acid of the B.P. contains 2 p cent acid »ad is a- «l 
 the dose of 2-6 minims = ,», of a grain or 0054 grmm. for the maximum do* It 
 is not therefore probable that the three samples of essence containing respec ely 
 0054, 0081, 00081 grmm. per 100 minims could become injarious. I t t^ to 
 be desired thst the oil of bitter almonds used in the manufacture of these . - «^r«8 
 should be absolutely free from prusaic acid. 
 
 ALP. LEMOIK 
 Julys, 1907. 
 
 4315—2 
 
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