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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. srrata to pelure. n a 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ ^^ THE EMIGRANT'S NOTE BOOK AMD ^ GUIDE; WITH RBCOLLBCTIONf OV UPPER AND LOWER CANADA, DURING THE LATE WAR. M " The wiM toA active conquer difBcnlties By dating to attempt tbein. Sloth and folly Shiver and shrink, at sigh' cf toil and hazard, And make the impossibiiities they fear." BY LIEUTENANT J. C. MORGAN, H. P. LATS SnoONO lATT. ft, H. ■kl LONDON: Published />r the Author, BY LONGMAN. HUR8T, RBES, ORMB, AND BROWW. 1824. ■ T ii HU II II I ft u LONDON : IHACICBtiL AMD ARR0W8MITH, JOHSSON'S-COCRT, rLRBT-STRKRT. yl- Uc ^ * > TO «.ri,. 8TR GEORGE COCKBURN, M.P. KNIGHT GRAND CROSS 0/ the Military Order of the Bath, LORD COMMISSIONER OF THE ADMIRALTY, VICE ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE, MAJOR GENERAL OF MARINES, cfec. ifec. Sin, J> In addressing one who has devoted himself to his country, — and who ranks so high in a serv,*;e, as conspicuous for its can- dour as for its gallantry, — it would be an insult to offer the language of flattery and adulation : it would likewise ill accord with my own feelings. Even were I here to allude to particular actions, and attempt to hold ihem up to the admiration of the world — from my total inability to do justice to the IV task — I should incur the charge of vanity and presumption. Permit me^ therefore. Sir, in the plain and simple language of truth, to assure, you of my gratitude, and more particularly, for being allowed to dedicate to you this humble effort of my pen, With every sentiment of respect, i have the Honour to be, Sir, Vour most obedient, humble Servant, J.C.MORGAN. \ I Sii^m of vanity efore. Sir, i of truth, and more ledicate to With PREFACE. >ervant, ORGAN. At the eommencement of the late war with the United States of America, the first and second battalions of Royal Marines, under the com- mand of lieutenant-colonels Sir Rich- ard Williams, and Sir James Malcolm, Knights Commanders of the Bath, were recalled from the north of Spain, and after being properly recruited and equipped, were dispatched for the coast of America, in the early part of the year 1813. i r VI PREFACE. The Islands of Bermuda was the first point of rendezvous ; and here we arrived on the 23d May, after a passage of six weeks, in his Majesty's ships Diadem, Diamede, Fox, Nemis- ses. Success and Romulus, armed en flute, and Mariner armed transport. The events which occurred in the voyage, were such as occur to other people, similarly situated, and there- fore need no particular description. I shall consequently only observe, that my companions were just such as a man would wish to be embarked with, for a long voyage, and to those friends^ — « Well pleased I turn'd Regardless of the storms which raged without." A brief sketch of the Bermudas may, however, amuse the fire-side traveller, who may peruse these pages. I PREFACE. VII ^as the id here after a ajesty's Nemis- armed insport. [ in the other 1 there- ition. bserve, ;t such barked those rn'd vithout." mudas re-side these This cluster of Islands, which the Bermudians insist on being exactly 365 in number, contains not more than 20,000 acres, generally very light land, and of no extraordinary fertility. They are situated at a great distance from any other island or continent, in 32 N. latitude, and 63 W. longitude; 4,500 miles from the Land's-end, Cornwall ; 3,500 from Madeira, and 600 miles E. of Charles- town, South Carolina. They appear to have received their first name from John Bermuda, a Spaniard, who discovered them in 1552, aad were afterwards called the Summer Islands, from Sir Geo. Sum- mers, who was shipwrecked upon them in 1609. Finding them deserted by the Spaniards, he took possession of I ^ wjiiililSf r t vai PREFACE. them, and they have ever since remained in the hands of the English. The inhabitants had formerly a small traffic in vegetables, with the West Indian Islands, likewise in a particular description of hat, made of the Palmetto tree, then generally worn in warm climates. Cedar is at present their principal staple com- modity, and these trees they cultivate with the greatest care and attention ; their property and consequence being generally estimated by the number of slaves and cedars they possess. These two commodities likewise constitute their children's fortunes. With the latter, the Bermudians build their far-famed, fast sailing schooners, with which they drive a considerable trade between North America, and the West Indies. During the late war, Bermuda was PREFACE. IZ one of the principal rendezvous for the English Fleet, in that quarter of the world,although the passage to the anchorage, through a long reef of rocks, is one of peculiar danger in bad weather. Tobacco and arrow root are like* wise cultivated in these islands, which, from cheir numbers, afford numerous harbours and bays, for small craft, in all directions through the plantations. Here the cedar, the palmetto, the wild thyme, tamarind, cocoa nut, and bahama trees, with various others, decorate the vallies, whilst a thousand variegated shrubs and flowers "dis- pense native perfumes," making the imagination almost fancy itself in fairy land. The most remarkable of the fea- thered creation are i3ne Tropic Wue 1 i J J! P * PREFACE. and red birds, or Virginian Nightin- gales, of beautiful plumage, but whose notes are far inferior to those of the English Thrush. Likewise the little Humming Bird, of exquisite beauty, whose beak is nearly the length of his body, and whose whole frame is very little larger than a Queen Bee. The domesticated part of the fea- thered tribe are, however, not so se- cure from harm as those who roam free and unconfined ; such mcredible swarms of rats harbour in the cre- vices of the rock~, as renders the greatest care necessary, to prevent every unfortunate fowl from Ipeing carried off by these p Idnight ma- rauders. The principal Islands are Ireland, where there is a naval depot and dock-yard, St. George's, St. David's:, Somerset, Long, Bird, Cooper, and PREFACE. XI ma- Nonsuch. The capital town is St. George's, which contains about 2,000 houses, and is defended by several forts. Provisions were exorbitantly high in the Bermudas during the war, and in this respect it was a wretched quarter ; for above all the natural beauties of a country, in a time of scarcity — " There is a pleasurt in a good sirloin Wliicli starvelings only know." In the midst of this general priva- tion of eatables, however, I remem- ber drinking some very fair claret, at 3s. the bottle. The village of Hamilton is finely situated on the shelving shore of an extensive bay ; and about two miles from this place, " The army of the nBoast !" was encamped and organized. '**"("*<*lp j PM 'i' " xu PREFACE. h 1^- The two flank companies, with one wing of the 102d regiment, and the second battalion royal marines, formed the first brigade under the command erf Lieut. Colonel Napier. The second brigade consisted of the first battalion royal marines, and a detachment of 'foreign light infantry— this was com- manded by Lieut. Colonel Sir Richard Williams, and each brigade had a company of royal marine artillery attached to it, under Captains Park and Parry. The whole force, amounting to about 2,400 men (subject to the di- rections of Admirals Sir John War- ren and Sir George Cockburn), was placed under the command of Major General Sir Sydney Beckwith, an officer of experience in the Peninsula, and who had with Lieut. Colonel Napier particularly distinguished him- S .-■ PREFACE. Xlll self in the battle onihe heights above Corunna, where the latter, (then Major of the 50th) was dangerously wounded. His life was however hap- pily spared to his country and his friends, thn)ugh the humanity of a French drummer, who finding him on the field bleeding and senseless, ' bound up his wounds, and carried him to Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, who, I have understood, presented him with a medal for his conduct. I am anxious to believe the facts were so, because such actions do honor to the country, and to the pro- fession of the individuals who per- form them, to whatever nation they may belong. God forbid that it should be supposed by any of us, that British soldiers and sailors are alone capable of performing great and honorable actions, or that I mm XIV IIS II ' ."Hilt..iM'- M PREFACE. ■ i 11 should refuse my humble offering of praise and admiration, to a humane and gallant enemy, for such actions as these.* Of Lieut. Colonels Williams and Malcolm I shall here say but little — to do them justice would from me appear like flattery, and an attempt to do less is not in my nature. In- deed no panegyric is necessary — the General Orders and Public Dis- patches of their Commanding Officers, and the especial mark of their So- vereign's approbation, in conferring upon them the Star of the Military * When Sir John Moore was informed that the 50th regiment, under Majors Napier and Star.hope, had expended all their ammunition, his reply was, " The 50th have their bayonets," and on seeing ihe admirable way in which they immediately after- wards made use of them, he exclaimed in a pa- roxysm of delight, " Well done the 50tli — well done my Majors." 'i PREFACE. XV Order of the Bath, afford ample proofs of their meritorious services. Such was the " army of the coast," and such were the principal officers by whom it was commanded. It is not my intention to enter into a detail of our operations in Mary- land, Virginia, and Carolina, because there were no fighting matches of sufficient importance to interest the general reader. Any thing like a description of an action, since the battle of Waterloo, would be non- sense, and those who have read over and over again, the history of the 18th June, 1815, until their eyes ache, would think any thing less than 20,000 men and 20,000 horses put hors de combat, a mere bagatelle. Now, as our whole army would scarcely, I suppose in their idea, have been more than a breakfast fur tm wi i' i p i iL." ...JiliL. tffS^"'^ r < « mm XVI PREFACE. I li i I - ) the Cuirasseurs, I shall merely state, that we were employed from June until the middle of September in landing, up to our necks, on the Ame- rican coast, and in embarking again in the- same comfortable manner. During one of these excursions, I re- member well being very nearly taken prisoner, and that having as great an aversion to this as ever Mr. Shandy, senior, had to ** saps, mines, blinds, gabions, palisadoes, ravelins, half moons, dnd such trumpery," I con- trived to escape. By our attacks upon Norfolk, Hampton, Queenstown, Occacock, &c. &c., the American Government was obliged to keep several thousand men moving in double quick time, up and down their own coast, from the Delaware to Cape Hatteras, a dis- tance oV several hundred miles, who 'i PREFACE. X\U would Otherwise have been on the frontier of Canada. in September, as was before ob- served, we left the North Coast of the United States, and many will remem- ber with considerable interest the events of the three preceding months —many will not be able to do so, from very evident causes. After remaining a short time at Halifax, the two battalions of Marines with the Artillery, received orders to embark for Quebec, where they ar- rived in October, and were afterwards employed in the defence of Upper and Lower Canada until the conclu- sion of the war. How tbey conducted themselves during this time will be best seen by the following extract from a General Order, issued by the Commander in Chief and Governor General, on the XVlll PREFACE. ' f' breaking up of the first battalion, for the service of the Lakes. — " The Commander of the Forces in complying with the orders of Go- vernment, in this disposal of the bat- talion of Royal Marines, considers it an act of justice to that valuable and respectable corps to declare his entire approbation of the correct and steady discipline that has uniformly characte- rized the Royal Marines, since their arrival in Canada. " The first battalion, under Lieut. Colonel Williams, in the exact and diligent discharge of the duties as- signed to it, in the occupation of the most critical and important position on the frontier, has evinced, in a man- ner highly honorable to the corps, the talent and judgment of the Com- mander, the intelligence and vigilance PREFACE. XIX of the Officers, and the tried fidelity and discipline of the corps. " The second battalion, under Lieut. Colonel Malcolm, afforded an opportunity of manifesting its gallan- try, and devotion to the service, in the assault of the Fort of Oswego," &c. By this General Order, Sir R. Williams and Major Mortimer, with the Staff of the first battalion, were directed to proceed to Halifax, to which place Sir J. Malcolm and Major Stirling, with the Staff of the second, had been previously ordered. They were all afterwards engaged in the attack upon Washington and Baltimore, as will be seen by refer- ence to the Public Dispatches of Admiral Sir George Cockburn, and Major General Ross. Having remained in Canada with XX PflEFACE. II the detachments of the first and se- cond battalions, commanded by Major Dougal Stuart Dalzell, and Major George Peebles,* I had various op- portunities of becoming acquainted with the two provinces; and to the time thus passed, I now look back with an extraordinary feeling of interest. In the hey-day of life, when our actions are actuated by the warmer and kindlier influences of our nature, many things occur which make a lasting impression upon the mind. Before the wisdom of the world has made us acquainted, and assimi- lated u s in a lesser or greater degree, • The first of these officers was severely wounded at the battle of Alexandria— the latter (Major George Peebles) when a Lieutenant, commanded the Marines at the storming of Fort Amstei-dam in the Island of Curuaso, and for his conduct on that occasion he was promoted to the brevet rank of Captain in the Army. I* PREFACE. xxi with the tricks and chicanery of mankind, we breathe as it were in a peculiar world of our own, and it is then, that the prominent character of our nature is displayed. When the fire of our youth becomes damped by the influence of time or early misfortune, we become mere creatures of habit, and remain so until the last hour of our existence • but, although the fire and animation of our youth may have died away, the warmth of its early impressions and recollections still remain the same in our hearts. " Time but the impression stronger makes. As streams their channels deeper wear." Actuated by these feelings and sen- timents, in the Autumn of last year I again embarked for Canada, intend- mimm xxu PREFACE. ing to settle with my family on the tract of land to which I am entitled by the Government regulation. A succession of bad weather in the Channel, however, occasioned our being nearly as long between Graves- end and Portsmouth as is often occu- pied in the whole passage to Quebec, and this, with other circumstances, obliged me to leave the ship, and give up my projected emigration until the ensuing season. Those who have experienced simi- lar disappointments, will readily ima- crine with what reluctance I gave up the hope of proceeding, after havmg made all my arrangements. In order to relieve myself from the ennui occasioned by this delay, I hnve since occupied my time in prep?> H ^ the following pages for the press. PREFACE. xxiii Whilst in America I kept a rough note book of dates, distances, and events, &c. &c., this has enabled me to effett my object with greater faci- lity, and I trust the Work with the Map, will be found useful to the emigrant, and not uninteresting to the general reader. For any defects of the head which the critic may observe, I make no apology, because apology is out of the question, where the intention is to do right. For any errors of the heart no apology or excuse could make amends. I therefore give it to the Public with all its faults, trusting, that there is nothing in it that will either dis- grace my Nature, my Profession, or my Country. V m '^'—--r 8? fU S5 I's i I ■f5 LETTER I. '' Breathes there the man-with soul so dead, Who never lo himself has said, This is my own, my native land ; Whose heart bath nti'er within him bum'd, As home his footsteps he hath turn'd. From wandering on a foreign strand. If such there be— go mark him wefl." Nature— all-powerful Nature — n reigning in the hearts, and influence ing the actions of all men— makes them cling with affectionate regard to the country where they first drew the breath of life : it matters not where that country may be, whether under the torrid, or the frigid zone. i. " I prefer/' said a French officer, on returning from foreign service, " my native fields to every other place — not because they are more beautiful, but because I was there brought up — the spot on which we past our infant days possesses a secret charm, an inexpressible en- chantment — no other on the face of the earth can equal it." Would the Indian, in his native wilds, whilst exposed to the scorch- ing heat of a summer sun, or the cold and frosts of a North American winter, sigh with regret, that he was not across " the Great Lake," in the countries ^hich he has heard,