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23 WIST WAIN STRUT

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(716) I72-4S03

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32X

THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE.

izS

Council ©ffue,

TORONTO, JUNE 1, 1862.

SIR,—

In pursuance with the instructions of the acting President and Council of the
Canadian Institute, I liavo tiie lionor to transmit to you tlic accompanying papers: —

Pij-st A brief outline of the objcc's of tlie Canadian Institute, for the information of those

who may not as yet be acquainted wilii its establisimicut. The Council will be much gratified
and encouraged by evidences of extended support fioni the various sections of the Province ;
and it has Instructed me to transmit copies of the Regulations, and other information to
all who may express such a desire.

Second— \ series of enquiries relative to the Indian remains, in the form of Mounds or In-
dian Intronchments, which arc known to exist in some localities, and arc supposed to be of not
very uncommon occurrence in various parts of Upper Canada.

I am directed to state, that you will confer a favor, which will be gratefully acknowledged,
by communicating information with respect to any of these int.iresting objects which may occur
in your neighborhood, or of which you may have heard, and to call your attention to the impor-
tance of losing no opportunity of collecting particulars, and making tfio surveys or measurements
indicated, while such remains are in tolerable preservation.

Third— Enqu'mca regarding the various kinds of Limestones throughout the Province.

Fourth— The Prospectus of " The Canadian Journal," for tho early publication of which
active steps arc now being taken. It will be the medium of publication of the transactions of
tho Institute, and published and edited under the controul of the Council.

I have the lionor to bo

Your obedient Servant,

SANDFORD FLEMING,

Secret ARv.

k u

INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER.

W. E. LOGAN, F.R.S.. F.G.S., (Director of tho Geological Survey of Canada,)

iTirflt l)Uf Jpresibciit :
CAPTAIN LEFROY, R.A., F.R.S., (Director of tho Magnetic Observatory, Toronto.)

Scionir l)ice |?n0iirent :
J. O. BROWNE, F.S.A.

(STorresponbing Secretarg :
FREDERICK CUMBERLAND

Sttrctaru •
SANDFORD FLEMING

^aaifltant Sftretarg:
WALTER MOBERLY.

©rmaurcr :

DALRYMPLE CRAWFORD.

(jtnrotor :
F. F. PASSMORE.

Council :
ALFRED BRUNEL, I PROFESSOR CROFT.

PROFESSOR CIIERRIMAN, | EDWARD L. CULL,

DR. MELVILLE,
WILLIAM THOMAS,

'rt

Q -s

ANA

'' "^ Mr 1 1

y jRVi

:§

Together with the Presidents and other Olllccrs of tiie Institute.
Temporary Office of the Council— 67 Yonge Street, Toronto.

hu. rh the Canahmn In8titi;te has bu-n for some lime in oi.cralion, and numbers am(.n«st
embers pursond scattered over many parts of ii,e Province, ils obji-cls have hitherto birn
Jled within such narrow bounds, lin.t ihe accompanying i.apurs may fall into the hands
.culm u.o i^r.auantol its lurmatiun : the Council, therefore, deem it a.ivisable to accomi.auy
with a bnel outline of the puri.oses for wimdi this Society has been luun.led, and for wh'ch it
3en pcrmanenll> establ.shed by Royal Charter, under the title of the "Cunadian Institute."
t lust sectiuuof the Regulations drawn up in conformity with, and to carry out the intention
' Llmrter of ncorporai.on, sets forth that the "Institute has been established lor the i.urpo.se
•muting the 1 hysical Sciences, for encouraging and advancing the Industrial Arts and Mnnu-

factures, for effecting the formation of a Provincial Museum, and for the purpose of facilitating
the acquirement and the dissemination of knowledge connected with the Surveying, Engineerine
and Architectural Professions ;" but the nature of the Institution is more fully expounded in the
address ot the acting President at the late annual convorsatione, and its character cannot be bet-
ter explained than by alluding to a few passages therein : —

^^ " It aspires," said the Vice President, "as the Report just read informs us, to supply to Upper Cana-
^^ da, the place of those societies, which every other civilized country possesses under the denomi-
^ nations ot literary, or philosophical, or professional societies or academies, or whatever title they
mr V prefer, to express ends which are essentially the same in all ; but it aims to do this modestly
and gradually, availing itself first, and principally, of those elements which offer themselves spon-
^taneously in the progress of the country. * * * That there should be in Upper Canada, a centre
^^ to which the treasures of experience, observation and discovery, of this generation should naturally
now : at which, as in a focus, the attainments of her most gifted sons, may, by degrees, be brourr|,t
bear on objects of universal interest, and by whose example and influence those pursuits nTay
be encouraged, which extend the bounds of human knowledge, while they promote, in a hish de-
^^ gree, the iiappiness of al who follow them. * * * Turn which way we will, enquiries meet us,
^^ on whicn an active mind may employ its best energies, and yet glean but the surface treasures of
tiiat exiiaustlcss mine which Art and Nature offer to human industry." Again, with reference to
the particular enquiries which accompany this communication, it was added, "Every year the ploujrh
^^ IS obliterating the last traces of our predecessors upon this soil. Every year the axe lays lovv some
mvaluabe witness to the ages which have elapsed since populous villages of another race were
scattered lar and wide through our now lifeless forests. We arc fast forgetting that the bycone
^^ ages even of the new world were filled by living men, and fast losing by neglect, all those delicate
links in the chain of research, by which the Archa3ologist of another generation, may hope to trace
out the origin and the fortunes of a great branch of the human family. If it has been
tound, even in Great Britain, that scarcely five per cent, of the rare and interesting re-
^^ mains jrorn time to time brought to light, are recoverable after a few years, unless they
^^ are lodged in some public museum, we may be very sure that a proportion even larger,
^^ ot such remains as Canada furnishes, are lost for want of such an institution. * * * Wfien
II the last Pine-wood of Chiiiguacousy (Chinqua-konsc &hh\— a little Pine) is levelled; when
^^ art has provided another outlet than the (Saugeen) rivar mouth in Nottawasaga; when
..?i g<'np/ations more shall have hopelessly corrupted the spelling and pronunciation of

^^ those, and of many other aboriginal names still to be found on the map, of all monuments of a race
and language, perhaps, the most enduring : how will philologists puzzle themselves over difficul-
ties which hundreds now living could remove, but wliich to them mav be as inscrutable as the
anguage of Nineveh. I allude to these subjects here, because they offer an immediate field for
^^ the exertions ot the Institute, and is one which h is peculiarly able to enter upon, as including
among its members so many gentlemen whose pursuits must be constantly bringing them into
contact with objects of the kind referred to." Independent of the advantages whicS gentlemen
ot the Lngincering profession may derive from such an Institution when Canada is einbarkinL'
so extensively in the construction of works which demand for their accomplishment the exercise
of high scientific acquirements, there are many persons throughout the Province, both amateurs
nnd practical men, whose leisure hours are spent in the pursuit of objects kindred to those of the
Canadian Institute, and whether the results of their labours be mechanical inventions or discoveries
in natural history, they are in a great measure lost for want of such a society. " It is in the rc-
Iresnng influence of mind upon mind— in the reunion of those whom separnte pursuits or different
w.alks in life tend otherwise to put asunder— in holding up to practice the mirror of theory— in
animating theory with the life of practice- that societies like tliis.when actively conducted, exor-
cise so beneficial an cfleet. Who can tell how much encouragement mav be given by a word of
sympatliy : how often a fiien<lly hint may clear up a dilficultv. or timelv" discussion avert a blun-
f\.,. O'' ^^'""'- <^ssenlial moral benefit it may be to some mirids, in teaching lessons of modesty,
ol diligence, or of patience, to be brought into contact with other minds of greater gifts and hiuhcr

irn ()i.i» fl.n ,>lr.,,« »l,,.,r o„,.;_„ »,. . 1 I 1 _f _ •, 1° . , ",

attainments, and learn that the i>lace they aspire to must be earned 'befo7e7rc"an'bc'cnjoycd'iTh^^^^

in any of its branches." The Council is advised that many

there is no royal road to knowledge ir

, •' I 1 r> • "■ '• "J -- — - — ■ » ..u vv^uiiv^ii IS, <AUYioi,ii 111,11 iiiuiiy

persons throughout the Province .nav have some hesitation in signifying their desire to become
members, thinking that only certain classes may be admitted. Such is not the case. The Society
was first established, it is true, for the advancement of those professions above mentioned, but since
Its objects have been extended by the Charter of Incorporation, the Institute embraces among its
members persons of all grades and all pursuits. " It is the distinctive character of this Institute,

^if^f^w??"

and in my opinion, the best pledge for its healthy and vigorous progress, that its commencement
has been eminently practical. The gentlemen who founded it, satisfied a want of their own, be-
fore they extended their thoughts to a provision for a public want, and for posterity." There are
three classes of persons who may with propriety join the Institute, — 1st. Those who by their
attainments, researches, or discoveries, can promote its objects by their union of labour, the
weight of their support, and the aid of their experience. 2iid. Those who may reasonably expect
to derive some share of instruction from the publication of its proceedings by the contemplated
Journal ; and an acquaintance with the improvement in Art and the rapid progress of Science in
all countries, a marked feature of the present generation. 3rd. Those who, although they may
neither have time nor opportunity of contributing much information, may yet have an ardent de-
sire to countenance a laudable, and to say the least, a patriotic undertaking — a wish to encourage
a Society, where men of all shades of religion or politics may meet on the same friendly grounds ;
nothing more being required of tiie members of the Canadian Institute than the means, the
opportunity, or the disposition, to promote those pursuits which are calculated to refine and exalt
a people.

INDIAN REMAINS.

Although the subject of Indian mounds and intrenchments has of late years received much at-
tention in the neighbouring States, and it has been shewn by the investigations of Mr. Squier*
and others, that they exist in considerable numbers in western New York — particularly in the re-
gion occupying the first and second plateaux round Lake Ontario — Upper Canada, a part of the
same region geographically, and peopled oiiginally by the same, or nearly allied races, remains
to a great degree a terra incognita with respect to this enquiry. The Council of the Canadian
Institute deem it one particularly worthy of the attention of those persons who, by their pursuits,
are brought into contact with sucii objects; and from the professedly practical character of their
body, one of those also upon which authentic and valuable information may be looked lor, at tiie
hands of its members, as an early result of its incorporation.

To one county alone, of the State of Now York, (Jcflerson County,) Mr. Squier was enabled
to discover fifteen inclosurcs or intrenchments, and he has estimated the total number which for-
merly existed in that state, at from two hundred to two hundred and lil'ty. " Were tiicsc works,"
he remarks " of the general large dimensions of those of the Western States, their numbers would
be a just ground of astonishment. They are, however, for tiie iftost part, comparatively small,
varying from one to four acres, the largest not exceeding sixteen acres in area. The cmbiink-
ments, too, are slight, and the ditchc:< shallow: the former seldom more than four feet in height,
and the latter of corresponding jiroportions. The work most distinctly marked exists in the tuwn
of Oakficid, Genesee County ; it measures, in some places, between seven and eight ieet from the
bottom of the ditcii to tiie top of the wail. In some eases the embankment is not more than a foot
in height, and the trench of the same depth. Lest it should be doubted whether works so slight
can bo t^atisfuctorily traced, it may be observed that a regular and conlinuoua elevation of six
inches may always be followed without dillieujty."

"In respect to position," adds the same writer, "a very great uniformity is to be observed
throughout ; most occupy higli and commanding sites near the blulf edges of the broad terraces
by wliich the country rises from the level of the hikes. When fuund on lower grounds, it is usu-
ally upon some dry knoll or little hill, or where banks of streams serve to lend security to the
position. A \'v.w have been found upon slight elevations in the midst of swamps, where dense
forests, and almost iin|Kissable marshes, protected them from discovery and attack. In nearly all
cases they are placed in close proximity to some unfailing supjily of water, or running streams.
Gateways, opening toward these, arc always to be observed, and in some cases guarded p:issages
are visible."

To this clear and concise description little need be added. The enquiries projiosed by the
Canahian iNsTrruTi;, are the following : —

• Stniilisonion contributions to knowledge ; American Journal, Vol. XL, No, 33.

1. Name of township and number of lot in which any Intrenchment or Mound exists.

2. The area and dimensions, from actual measurement, and if possible, a plan, with sections.

3. A general description of the situation and neighbourhood.

4. Arc there any trees growing on the artificial earthwork, if so, their size, and number of rings
of annual growth in the largest s^uot/j to be found ? To cut a tree down to ascertain this fact,
unless they are numerous, would be to destroy a very valuable standing evidence to the antiquity
of the work.

5. Are there still, or were there, previously to clearing, trees of large size in the area of the
work ?

C. Is the place known to the Indians in the neighbourhood by any name ? Have they any tra-
ditions respecting it ?

7. Are stone axes, arrow-heads, weapons or utensils, ever ploughed up in the vicinity ? Is
broken pottery common ? Have the remains of concealed stores been discovered 1 Specimens of
any of these objects will be highly valued.

8. Are there evidences of the place having been surrounded v;ith posts or pickets?

9. Have utensils or weapons of copper or iron ever been discovered, leading to the inference
that the place was occupied since the intercourse of the natives with Europeans began ?

10. Specimens of Indian skulls or crania having evidence of antiquity will be valued. But the
Council distinctly disown any wish or desire to disturb native burial places of comparatively re-
cent date, and strongly recommend that they be treated with respect.

11. Are there any mounds or tumuli of artificial construction, or any mounds or elevations
v^'hich from their regularity suggest a suspicion of such an origin, if so, state the same particulars
respecting tlicm ?

18. Are there any local names of Indian origin in your township or neighbourhood : if so, a list
of them, indicating language to which they belong, their correct pronunciation, their interpretation
or moaning, and the local circumstances on which they may appear to be founded, will be highly
acceptable?

13. C(tpios of any noteworthy native drawings or writings, such as those existing on what are
called the pictured rocks of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, and generally drawings of any objects
connected with the subjects of these enquiries, will be thankfully received.

ENQUIRIES REGARDING THE LOIESTONES OF CANADA.

Inasmuch as it docs not appear that the Limestones of Canada have as yet been fully examined,
by an:ilysis or otherwise, in reference to their economical values, or classified for practical pur-
poses, it has been (Ictermined by the Council of the Caxauian- Institute, to collect for its
Museum, in aid of these objects, siieciniens of Limestones from tiic various localities within
the Province ; they accordingly request that all parties who, by residence or information, may be
able to assist the Council in tin's matter, will bo pleased to transmit to the Secretary of the Insti-
tute, replies to the accompanying questions, with specimens of the Limestones or Limes to which
they reier ; and to add to those specimens which are selected, as illustrating the economical
uses more particularly in view, any which exhibit fossil remains of whatever kind.

The following is a iist of the localities in which Limestones are known to exist,* extracted from
a paper prepared by W. E. Logan, Es(j., E.ll.S., the President of the Institute.

Maiden — Manitoulin Islands,' along the south side — St. Joseph Island — coast of Lake Huron,
from Cape Hurd to lieviore au Sable (north) — various parts from Cabot's Head to Sydenham, in
Owen's Sound ; and from Sydenham, by Euphrasia, to Nottawasaga ; thence by iNIono to Esque-
sing, and by Nelson to Ancaster — Thoruld — Matchcdash Hay — Orillia— llama — Mara, and various
paiMs of Marmora— Madoc— Belleville— Kingston— MacXab—Bytown, and various parts of
Plantagenct and Hawkesbury — Cornwall — Isle Bizard— Beauharnois Island— Caughnawaga —
JMontreal — Isle Jesus — Terrebonne — Philipsburgh — St. Dominique — Grondincs — Descliambault —

» NoTi:. — The qimnlilics in tlie locnlilies indicated are not in every case of a sufficient amount to be profitably available, but
they nre alwnys <if siilliciiMit irn;n)rtnnce lo draw attention to the localities as a possible guide to the di covery ol others in the
vicinity wliire qiiantitit-'a may be greater.

HvSlTc tT.^ U fn' ^"''fT^f P«-P«rt D'^niel-Uichmond-Anticosti Island. ^

Hydiauhc Lime s found at the following places :— Point DouHas, Lake Huron— Caviirrn il

ArgenS" '" "'''''' "" *'^ '''•^"' R-L-Thorold-Kingltrn-Na^ean^Tear B^tS^^n'i
Dc!rSr''s;;;;;S''*Elv ' n ^r'^'^'Mlt^'"'^ Sherbrooko. C. W.-Drummond-St. Armand-

R^lip, trTrS" ? Seigniory-St. Mary Seigniory-St. Joseph Seigniory,
acknowledged :11 '"^ '^"''^'°"' ^'^ ^''^'^^ information on the subject will be thankfully

1st. The number of the specimen referred to (if any be forwarded).

fromtlI'h^^^ametV^eMn" "' '""^ '''' °°""^^'^"' ""'^ "^'"^ '' ^«^™^'"P ^^^ -""^y)

turfohl^^sSStESc:^^^^^^^ '^'P- -P-- -^ -^-- «t-t^' the na-

4th. The analysis : if it has been ascertained.

ooSme:^S';^StiS"raL;^?tSf "^° warrant its economical use as an article of

Glh. Whether it exhibits any hydraulic properties, and to what extent,
and s'tate thT mnnLI. nf / ''" ^^^nufactured from the stone referred to-transmit a sample-
used manufucture-if peculiar-and in what works the same has been

# #
*

».*.K'^£.tsri/5S^rj:r.,?sfs„ti^^ *-" "^-"'■"- " "

PROSPECTUS.

THE CANADIAN JOURKAL;

I Mmxh of \^t l^mtAlnp of tjie CanaMan %mMt,

AND A REPERTORY OF INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND ART.

HE objects of this Journal are essentially of a useful character. It is
intended to minister to the wants, and to promote the interests of a
young, yet enterprising and rapidly advancing people, and to fill up a
blank in Canadian literature, the existence of which has been deeply
regretted, and has of late been most seriously felt by artisans, manufac-
turers, and the public generally throughout the Provinces. Thereare,
indeed, many political publications in which there may occasionally be
found a brief notice of, or a few insulated facts respecting, some new
triumph in science, or some new success in art, but there is as yet no Provincial periodical, the
pages of which are devoted solely to the pursuit and developcment of those subjects — no connect-
ing medium with the Auts and Sciences, as they flourish in Europe — no direct literary evidence
of their existence here. It is therefore proposed to occupy this vacant field in Canadian Periodi-
cal Literature, by supplying such a publication as will afford a medium of communication between
all engaged or interested in Scientific or Industrial pursuits — will assist, lighten, and elevate the
labours of the mechanic — will afford information to the manufacturer, and generally minister to
the wants of that already numerous, and still increasing class in British America, who are desir-
ous of becoming acquainted with the most recent inventions and improvements in the Arts, and
those scientific changes and discoveries which are in progress throughout the v^orld — a know-
ledge, not only desirable but necessary, to all who entertain any desire to keep pace with that
rapid march of intellect, which so strongly and pointedly characterises the progress of modern
civilization.

2ll)e daiiabiail Journal will be the direct and official organ of the Canadian Institute, and
the medium of publication of its transactions, so paged, however, that they can be bound
separately, if desired. As such, it will be delivered to all resident members, being subscribers
of Twenty Shillings per annum, and to non-resident members, being subscribers of Fifteen
Shillings per annum. It will, at the same time, be the advocate, the supporter, and ttio
organ of Mechanics' Institutes, and all Societies of a Scientific character. The transac-
tions of these, and all matters relative to their interests, with reports of the best and most
useful Lectures delivered at these Institutions, will be found in its pages, thus affordinrr a
now incf-ntive to Lecturers to improve the ciiaracter and usetiilness of their discourses, by givin"
to them a wider and more enduring circulation. Professing to be the supporter of Industrial
ExiiiDiTiONS, the Journal will contain careful reports of their several excellencies, with occasional
Illustrations of the superior and most useful ar'iclcs: thus bringing them more prominently to
public notice, inciting increased zeal and emulation amongst Exhibitors, and contributin<' to the
maintenance, extension, and permanent establishment of these most desirable Institutions.

Beside the diffusion of practical information, for the benefit of the engineer, the architect the
surveyor, the machinist, the artisan, a great aim of this publication will be the cultivation and
jrjmotiun of a taste fur Art amongst all classes of society — nothing having a more salutury or

^-^

direct effect in refining and elevating the mind. This effort will constitute an essential feature
n the Journal, m which it is intended to republish, from time to time, such works connected with
the Fine Arts, or such new and approved Designs connected with the various branches of Me-
chan,cal Industry as may appear in European works. In its pages will also occasionally be
found views of the Public Bu.id.ngs and Engineering Works of the Province, accompanied by
descriptive letter-press : and notice will appear of new inventions and improvements in Mechani-
ca Engineering as apphed to marino, railway, and other machinery. It is further intended to
publish a record of all Patents issued in the Province, accompanied by occasional illustrations,
and also to furnish copious notes of those obtained in Great Britain or the United States, which
may have any bearing on the interests represented by the Journal. The regular publication
(under authority) of the Meteorological observations, recorded at the Royal Observatory at
loronto, and of the reports and investigations connected with the Geological Survey of the Pro-
vmce. Will give to the Journal an important utility; whilst the publication of information relative
to the co.nstruct.on of Roads, Railways, and Canals ; the reports of Puiilic Meetings held in con-
nection with such enterprises ; together with all Local Intelligence of a Scientific or Industrial
character, will impart additional interest to the Periodical. Finally, copious extracts from, and
probably, m some cases, entire re-prints of the most valuable articles of a fittin- character ap-
pearmg in the best European Magazines, will give a steriing value to the work, which can scarcely
tail to render it generally acceptable, and worthy of an extensive support.

With respect to the Illustrations, the promoters have much pleasure in stating, that they have
secured the services ofsomc of the best Artists in the Province, in their several departments of
Art; they are therefore confident, that the different Engravings, whether on copper, wood, or
stone, will be produced in the best style that the Province can aflbf^: and as the Editorial and
general management of the Publication will be undertaken entireUTgratuitously, the amount of
subscriptions paid will be devoted, without deduction, to its artistfS and^echanical execution
Ihe progressive improvement and extension of the work, will tha,ietbrc d|^cnd upon and be com-
mensurate with the support which may be accorded to it by th^'public, fnd the degree to which
the Canadian Institute may be successful in soliciting and combining the talents of those classes
to which It appeals-if that support be generous, the promoters have every hope tint the
(EoiiaOtan Journal will do credit to the Province.

The Publication will be conducted by the Council of the Canadian Institute at" Toronto.
Many able gentlemen have already volunteered their valuable assistance and co-operation as
permanent contributors to the work. The suggestions and correspondence of others friendly to
the undertaking, are respectfully aiid urgently requested, especially with a view to the transmis-
sion of intelligence, and to the illustration and description of new inventions, public buildin-s or
other works of interest in the locality with which they may be connected. °

The Journal will be published in monthly parts, in size, and on paper, Similar to that on which
the Prospectus is printed. Each number will contain 24 pages, double column, to be ffraduallv
extended as the success of the work advances. The price will be 15s. per annum, payable in
advance. , ' "^

An advertising sheet will accompany each number, which is expected will afford a desinblc
medium for the advertisements of all parties connected with Art, Science or Manufactures- inser-
tions subject to the following charges : — '

One eighth of n column, first inserlion £0 5

Each subsequent ins' rlion I 3

One qunrter of a cohimii, first infortion 8 9

Eiich subsequent insertion 2

Half n column, first insertion £0.15

Each subsequent insertion ..,, 3 9

One column, first ineerlicm ...............', 15

Eneli subsequent ineeriion 6 3

Frotessional tarcls, not exceeding six lines, lOs. per annum

All communications to be addressed to " The Secretary of the Canadian Institute, Toronto"
and all letters must b6 prepaid. '

Toronto, /««£ 1, 1852.