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If, U tbt month of May ImI, any hmo bad pi«|bMiad, Ibat ha (Mr. Balhana) woald, btlora tb« •Hmo of Um jaar, ap|Mar bafura iho Elaatani aX Tv ranio aa a candidal* far tha npwaanUtion at tha iii<7 in Ptrliainent, he would wilhaul hMitation ha** pniehiiDKd him a falio pruphaU Sinee that lime, wa have had • acatkm of tha PmviiKial Parliamant, in whiah tha OoMMment have prnpowd and aarried meaaurta, whiah, ij hia ([Mr. B*k ) humble opinion ara oppnacd to tha bail mlercHti or tliis country, and in order lo-anml tha prngreu at thono mevtiirej, ha hod nut haaitatcd !• accede to the requoat ofhiiftiilow-townKiOeOi that !>• ihould permit himiolf to be put in numination oa • candidate fur their luSracoa at tliia Election. In thua proacnting himaelf tu the Etectnra ot To- ronto, he offcied no personal oppoaitinn to cither of tlieJate members; nia oppoiition was lo cartain mesauroa of tlio Uovernmcnt aupportcd by both tlwio lientleman. , He had known both Mr Slier- wood aaii Mr. Boutlon aJwoit from their iufuiicy : and ha had a sincere frirndahip, and he miglit adil aHaetioa for tliem ; but ho could not auSer his pri- vate feelings lo control liis public duty. What were tlio measures, he aakcd, introduced by the Uovemniont, to which lie objvctoil 7 Thoy wore 1st, The repeal of the Navijatioa Law*, ao far aa reapecled our inland waters. Sdly, The introduction of the principle nf Free Trade in out intercnura^ witli the United Statca and otiicr forcinn countries. As to the Navigation Lawc, he would bricflir atato, that the proaperity of the Dritizili Merchant Nary, was cliirfly owing to the prntccttun thnao lawa aflfordcd to Uriiish aliipowiicrs. 'i'liose liiws iiad existed in England for cciilurica, and u-i to the present dny, they are alill in force — with the ex- eeplinn of the temporary suspension of tlieni that has been permitted for the pnriioiio of enubling tha Government the more caa ly to receive the bread- stuffs o.'* fiirei);n cnunlriea to feed the starving popu- lation at Home — owing to the failure of tlio (>otato crop, particularly in Ireland. Dy thoae laws, foreign voasels canno^take into Great Britain or Irchind, tlie production of any other coflntiy than that to which the veasel belongs. An American veaiiel cnnniit take from New-York to Liverpool any thing that is not of the g'owtli, pro- duce or manufacture of the United States ; but a British vessel may tnko in part of a load at Cuba, and complete her cargo at New Urleani or New York. In this country however, our Government, in their extieme liberalitj, allow Amcricatj vessels to bring into our Ports the productions of all the world; but we cannot tnke a box of t?a or a case of Hol- lands gin ill a Rrilish vessel to an American Port. Tha Government of this Province have induced the Legislature to address the Home Government to repeal the Navigation Laws in our inland Waters, so as to enable American vesaela to pass down tha waters of the lit. Lawrence to Montreal and Que- bec, and in fiiot to use them in the same way that W'< do ourrelves, foi the Aooaitsa contains no quali- fiealion or mstriclion whatever. It is true the At- torney-General has issued hia PaoournktioN or ad- dress to the Electors of this eity, m which he states what Government intendtd to <*o. That they did not propose to allow Amerioan vessels the benefit of the coasting trade— but that it Waa meiehr intended that thoy should take their produce to a s«a>port town, and thus assist to pay the interest upon the cost of the St. Lawrence Canal He (Mr. nethune) thought that the Govemment had formed their opinion on the matter, without J living the subject this least eonsideraUon. Ha he'.d n Ilia hand a book, published in tha United State*, which ahevrad that tha value of tha *t»aw«ah aail- ■ int waft aaA Tiaiifak faaat*.«Bplora4 in .ill* inland tiad*Meaada,«iHiMittaMt any «|iiival*nt ; they ware willing to run the riak uf dfiMrik Briliah vtnMh turn our own waters, and of depriving the Pmvinea of the benefit of an annua! •xpendhara of more than JtWO.UOU ;— and for what did thi^ run thi* riak t In order that some lolls to the extent of £I3,(N)0— at most of Al.'>.n00- inirhi be secured to the Provinee. They would sxcrifii^e JC900,000 a year, basidea 10 per cent per aiinum upon th* eo*t of the vessels lb keep them in ai cSb^tive sute— and Which Would be jCSII.IHHi u yrnr in addition'-fortheaakeof Securing tolls o'l x'iis\. I..awrcnee to the extent of £13,000 ! ! He asked if theae were the views of statosmoii I If a Government that fould take no more conipre- licnaiva view than the present s'l-called I'o.nskuva- TlVf Qovarament had done in the matter referrod t», was entitled to til* support of Conservatives t If a measure of so daatmetive a tendency as the one ho had pointed ou* were to be carried inU> elfuct, anil if upon an appfatio the people of this Province, any man who dai'ad to have the iioNasTT to oppnac him- self to thoae destructive measures, was to be cried down by a l«w unthinking men, who were, perhaps, incapable of comprehending enlarged comaieicial views, aa an enemy to the CoNsaavaTiva cause, it w.iuhl, undoubtedly, be a hopeless task t > nltempt the eatubliahinent of correct and Conservative op.- iiinna in thia Province. But ha (Ml. U.) had no fear that his viewa would not meet with tlie approbation ol tha inhabitants of the Province. The anhjocta to whicli he had drawn their attention, were too momentuua and lo» eaaily un Icratond for him to fear that his opinions upon them would for any length of time be misunderstood or unappreciated. It was not enoug'i fm Government to say that the opening of our Canals to American vcascia, was suliicient lo attract the liusineaa of tlie Great West to Montreal and Quebec. 'I'hov must show of what value that buaineaa would be to llie Piovince— in tha vtayof paying the intcreat upon the debt contracted fur the completion of the St. Lawrence Canal. He (Mr B) held in his hand a statement of tha whole <|uantity < f flour, wheat, and Indian Com that had pusaed down the Hudson River to New- York, from the opening of navigation tu the tUtli of thia month. It appeara there were of wheat, flour, bbts 9,910^167 •• " Corn meal, " 108,505 Banel 3,018,879 Wheat, bushels, 1,603,064 Corn 3,534,189 Bushel* of Wheat and Corn 5,136,946 The Toll charged upon flour, passing through the Liidiiiie Canal, is Id per barrel— through Beauhamoia and Cornwall Canals, one halfpenny each— making the total toll 9d per barrel. If tha wknlt of the flour thet pasaed down tlie Hudson River thia year, had gone to Montreal— and if our neighbours in New-Yurs could have lived upon air alone, perhaps we might have expected that that froduee would linvo nought the channels of our St lawronee— it would only have produced a revenue of X^5,l57— and if all the Wheat and Indian Com had forsaken New-YorV and had sought a harboui Of. (ol^ge at Montreal, ii would (if none of it had gone down the Rapids nf the St Lawienea instead of the Canals) hr.vo pmdnced a revenue in liw i^hapa tjt toll at the rate demanded, £lb,946— making . l^Qgcthiir X4I ,103. Thus we see that it weuld take 'ihewaet* of the Watteni ptodnee, iiielading tha wiiioli it (lowfl (. talh MBOuotiof to X41,000 a-iPMr, aa Um St. LtWMiM Caoaif. Bat it OMy be aalied, cannot Iba toUa be miwd T Crrtainl; they can ; but jron only raiie np an oppotilion to your Canali by ao douif , and aniat in ket^tint the trade you cuvet, away from you. Out (aaid Mr li) to apeak acrioualy, yuu can never expect, under any circuinatancuii whatever, to (set more than one-third of the produce of the Weal through ynurCcial to the aea-piirt. The revenue that you will derive frotii that p»rtioii of it — when yuu i,'et i' — will be about Xi3,0Uli a-ycar. And for thia paltry aijm, our (jovrrnmcnt moat patrioticaUy and wiaely atk Her Majealy'a Onvemment to junpardizo o>ir own inteieata to the estenl of iSSU.UUO a-year ! And if (aaid Air. Betliune) the trade of thaWeit can be attracted down tlio Si. Lawrence, why can- not it be d4>ne in Britiah veaieli a« well aa In Aincri- ean T All that the |>eopla uf thia Prtivlnee require ia time to build veaaria to carry that produce, and three or four yeara ia all they aak. It would take about ITS large ateam freight- beala or propellera carrying 3U00 barrcia of flour each through tho Welland Canal, in addition to a Inrge fleet of cailinK vcaaela, to brini; thu ont-lMrd of that produoo from the /ur tBcit to Montreal— with- in 3| montha— for it muat be done in the mnntha uf May and June, and in the montha < f October and November. 'I'heac veeacia would coat (the ateamera alone) not l«aa than £875,0(HI ; and the annual rz- penae of running them would not be leaa than £i3S- 000— the wear and tear at lU per cent would be X87,5flO in addition — making an aggregate of £519,500, which would be annually eipcnded in thia Provinco if it had that trade. The merchant* in the Weal would not aak if the veaael were Britiah that came for hie flour and wheat; (nnleaa there waa an Aiaericuu veaael for Montreal in Port requiring freight), buthia quentioii would be, what will you deliver my fluur for, in Liverpool. If the rate ia aa high by Montreal aa by New-York, he will giyo the preforeiicH to Mon- treal, hecauae there will be no Iratiahipment of his propetiy until it gets aloii^aido the ahip at Mon- treal or Quebec. At what rate, then, can flour be taken from Lake Krio, the mouth of tho Welland Canal, to Montreal/ It was token this year for 2a. lid. per barfel, from H'imiltoii and Toronto to HoDtreal ; and for 2s. 8d. from Lake Erie. It can, and no doubt will be taken from Lake Erie, above Buffalo, to Montreal, for 3a. 5d., or even 3a. 3d. per barrel. What was the freight of flour thia year from BuSUo to Albany ? It varied from May lo July from «ae dollar and a half lo 3.4. 9d. a barrel. The average waa about one dollar; and lo this add Od. (h>m Albany to New York. It ia clear, therefore, thai flour can be carried lo Montreal from Lake Erie at a much leaa rata than lo New-York ; but the rate acroae the Atlantic is considerably less (owing to the dangera of the Na- vigation below Quebec, ihe want of Light-honaea, the expenae of Pilotage, and the high rale of lusii- nncc) from New-York to Liverpool than from Quebec. The average rate from New- York is about 2s.6d. Ser barrel of flour ; whilst from Quebec it variea om 3e. 6d. lo 6s. 6d., making un average of 5s. 1 have no donbt, that if larger ships were einploved in the Montreal and Quebec trade, that it could be done for 4s. from Montreal ; an a 4U0 ton vessel, making two voyages a year lo Montreal, carrying 6000 barrels of flour homewards and 5U0 ions freight outward, each voyage at 13s. 6d. per too, and making a winter voyage lo the West Indies or New Orleans, would clear from £IU00 to £1300 a year, over all expenses— including the interest on Iba money the vessel cost. If so, it would be a good investment for capitalists. Taking then, the average rate of freight on flour from New- York to Liverpool at 2s. 6d., from Lake Erie to New- York •t 4s. 6d., you have the coat from Buffalo to Li- verpool, 7s. per barrel ; and,taking the average rale at 4f . from Montreal to Liverpool, — and from Lake Erie to Honlreal, 3s. ; instead of 2s. 5d., you have the whole cost, 7s. per barrel, the same as by the American route ; and the merchant saves at least 8d. a barrel in not having it transhipped until it fata alongaide of the ahip at Montreal or Quebec, 'here can therefore be no reasonable doubt of our beiiw able to get a portion of the Western trade by the St. Lawrence. And if it can be obtained, as he had shewn it can, in British vessels, why not keep it in our own bands 1 Is it of no consequence to employ ahip-builders, engineers, carpenlers, join- era, caulkers, to build these vessels ; end that the iron, spikes, nails, chains, anchors, sails, and rigging should be purchased in this country to the amount of nearly one miKion pounds: and that an annual oxpendilure of more than half a million ahoiild be liapl within the Province ; Or is it of more conse- qqanea that we ehould e^joy the name of liberality, Nfaat tb« Navigation Lawe, allow the Americana te UN oar watan, aad pay tolls to tha •iteat of £13,000 • yaar ! He Mkad ifihare waa an/ ■»« present who eould for a aingle moment hMilate betwi'en the two propesilkinst Whether in fart, tha BniTiiR Ft*o anonM wave over ns, or Iha Stars ani Stripxs of the Uniled Slates. But he mifht be asked, •if we can and do carry flour at the low rale4ie had named, why fear com- petition from the Ainerieaiis T The power of wealth woa well known ; and if the Americans were permitted lo contend for this trade with British vessels, Ihe wsaltli at their eoui- mand would soon drive us off our I,nkes and Rivers, as we are comparatively poor, and era without Ilia reaourc.'s open to the Americans. Ifa man in biisine. . haa £1000. and he require* a £100 a-y«ar lo support his family, is it not a rat* of 10 per cent, upon hb capital 1 If hi* neighboar haa £5000, and requires a £100 a-year lo support bis family, it lakea only 3 per cent, of his capital.— • He has then an adviinlnge of per cent, over hi* poorer neighbour, and can carry on his businesa at a less profit in proportion In his capital. So will it be ivitn Ihe Ainuricans. The lurge rapiul in iheir sen-port towns seeking inveslmenl. will quickly crush any puny atlainpls we may make to reaisi it, and Ihe result will be, aa he had alated, the lose of the whole trade upon our own waters. We are now doing a prosperous business, which we can extend ourselves, to meet the increasing de- mands of commerce i why should our Government ruhly and unwisely jeopardize that prosperity T Was it for £13,000 a year Canal TolU ! ! ! Mr. Bethune then tnrned lo ihe question of rRIK TRAUI, And after giving a variety of examples, shewing Ihe injury it would do to this Province, even if we en- joyed reciprocal benefits from Ihe United States: he slated that the principles of Free Trade were lo buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market ; and that the advocates of the system in England aa- rerled that if they could only get ehea/t bread there, tliey could manufacture so cheaply, that they would force their manufuctiires upon Uie whole world. He UKked what was tlie history of Free Trade during the past year in England. Was not llie flour, and breadstuffa of the whole world admitted into England free of duty ; and be- fore Ihe arrival there of the immense quantities tiiat were poured into every Britiah and Irish port, what was tlie price of Flour ^ Wi s it ever known to be dearer since the wnr, than it was from January to June la^t 1 And while flour was at a famine price, how fared maiiufucturer.'i ? Were they ever known lo be in a more prospe- rous stale, than during the tune provisions were at famine pricea ? No: although famine existed to a fearful extent in many porliona of the Unitod Kiiig- dem. When the price of flour, and provisions, and cot- ton fell — when the loaf was cHiiArER in England, — from June to December, than it was ever known to be before, how fared maniiliicturers then? Let the great champion and organ of Free Trade answy the question. In a Itite number of Ibat leading Journal of the world, tlie London Timet, he found tlie following language: — '^The cotton and woollen mnnuraclurera are declining. The mass of the people have not been able to spend this year so much by a third, or even n half, ns they nave done in new clothing. Rustic wardrobes hare dwindled. The village shopkeeper has become in- solvent. The consumption of foreign commodities is abating. Prices cannot be sustained at a point to remunerate the Manchester nianiifactiirer or the West India merchant. Sales nre forced, and losse* are submitted lo in every direction." Such, said Mr. Bethune, was the melancholy his- tory of Free trade in England during the past yean and he sincerely trusted Uie people of this Province would be wise in time, and avoid it. Let Ihem fo*- ter and encourage a home market ; give a fair and reasonable protection to manufacturers, and build up a Home lUarketto as great an extent as possible, for Ihe productions of the agriculturists. If (said Mr. B.) he were Mr. Secretary Walker At Waahinglon, be would have proposed to Con< gross fur its adcption, just such propositions oa onr Government at Montreal have recointt