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Uiol. ■ C 
 
 FROM THE AUTHOR 
 
 REVISION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CANADIAN RANUNCULACEil. 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE LAWSON, Ph.D., LL.D., 
 
 FeUow of the Royal Society of Canada, Royal Physical and Botanical Societi'"- of 
 
 Edinburgh, and Institute of Chemistry of Great Bi^itain and Iieiand; 
 
 Honorary Member of tlie Edinljurgh Geokvgical 
 
 and Scottish Arboricullural Societies, &c. 
 
 McLEOD PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY IN DALHOUSIE 
 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY, HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 FROM 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA, 
 
 A 
 
■■ 
 
 ^wmiiMP 
 
 wm 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 i, %■ 
 
m^mmm 
 
 mm 
 
 
 WBS^r 
 
FROM THE AUTHOR. 
 
 REVISION 
 
 OF THK 
 
 CANADIAN RANL^NCULACEJl. 
 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE LAWSON, Ph.D., LL.D., 
 
 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Royal Physical and Botanical Societies of 
 
 Edinburgh, and Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland; 
 
 Honorary Member of the Edinburgh Geological 
 
 and Scottish ArlDoricultural Societies, &c. 
 
 McLEOD PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY IN DALHOUSIE 
 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY, HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 A 
 
 FROM 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA, 
 
 -^o:z.. II, sectioint i^;^, iss-4. 
 
^ 
 
 Seotiun IV., t88t. 
 
 I IS 
 
 TuANfj. Roy. Soo. Canada. 
 
 III. — Reomon of the CuikuImh Ranunrjuhirca}. 
 
 By GEonoK Lavvson, Ph. D., LL.D., Dalhousio College, Haliiax, Nova Scotia. 
 
 (Uoad May 23, 1884.) 
 
 In the year 1870, my inonojiTapli of the " Rauuiieulaccic of the Dominion of Canada" 
 was published in llu* Transaetions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Scienee. Its 
 objects weve : to sliow what species of Kanunculaceous i)lants had be(>n identified as 
 Canadian; to novrett their noniendiiture, as far as tliis couUl be done with the limited 
 material to which a.cess could th(<n l)e liad ; to present concise deseriptions of the spwies; 
 to point out their geographical range as then ascertained ; to place on record tlieir 
 local occurrence so far as had beei, ol)served ; and, linally, to suggest points for investigation 
 in regard to those species tliat appeared to be of doiibtful rank, wlio.se relations to others 
 were impi'rfe.tly understood, or whose occurrence and distril)ution were imperfe(!tly 
 known. Alter a lapse of thirteen years, during which period a good deal of botanizing 
 has been done in Canada, and many useful p-ublications bearing upon tlie North American 
 flora liave appeiued, — some within our own borders, others in the United States of 
 America, in ICngland, and in Ilussia,- -I have thought it might be useful to return to this 
 Order, and present to Canadian botanists, through the Royal Society, a fuller and more 
 accurate description of our Ranunculacecms plants than was possible at th.> time wlien my 
 previous paper was prepared. Throughout the Dominion many colle(^tors have been at 
 work. In the older provinces, resident amateur botanists and students have, by individual 
 effort and through " field clubs " and similar organizations, already done much good 
 service to science, both in collecting materials a:ul working up the botany of their 
 respective districts. By the rapid opening up of the great Northwest, by the survey 
 explorations over the Tlains, among the Rocky Mountains, the Cascades, in British 
 Columbia, and along the Pacific coast, our knowledge of the distribution of our indigenous 
 plants has been greatly extended. The names of those to whom I am indebted for speci- 
 mens, seeds, or information, used in the present paper, will be found under the several 
 species, but foremost among recent collectors may be mentioned the name of Professor 
 Macoun, who, with other olficers of the Canadian Survey, has had opportunities such 
 as fall to the lot of few botanists, and, availing himself of them to the fullest extent, he has 
 reaped an abundant harvest, as is shown by the lists ■\lready published and by the accu- 
 mulations of material still awaiting examination. I have to express my obligations to 
 Dr. Selwyn, the director of the Survey, for affording me every facility for examining 
 the herbaria in the museum. 
 
 It is hoped, by arranging the materials of our Canadian collectors and observers, and 
 collocating the results obtained by botanists in other countries, in occasional monographs 
 
 %^ 
 
le 
 
 LAWSON UKVISION OF TUK 
 
 Biujh as the prcst'iit, Uiut the iurormution thus brought tofjfpthor may bti luad" iivuihihlo 
 for j^oucral nw, and provo an inocntivc <o rcsiflt'iit botaiUMts and Htudoiits to oontiiiuo 
 and extend thfir labours, and direct their energies to the observation and record of 
 facts bearing ii]>on fpieNtions tlnU still need elucidation. 
 
 It is very desirable that eolledors should be particularly careful to note the precise 
 localities and dates of collection of their s|)i'ciiuens. When; names of places are apt to bo 
 mistakeii, the latitudt^ and longitude should be noted as nearly as possible. Such facts 
 form useful scientific data. The tendency has been, in our large country, especially in 
 published lloras and lists, to omit special localities, and to indicate tht^ general 
 geographical range, or supposed range, of the plants over wide areas, in such vague terms 
 as, ''from Canada to the Pacilic," " from the Atlantic through thi- \\ooded country to the 
 Jvocky Mountains and liritish Columbia," " Newfoundland, Labrador and Ilud.son Hay," 
 etc. In working out the distribution of plants, it is not safe to tabulate as facts such 
 statements as these, because there may be rea.sonable suspicion either that, in diiHcult 
 families, more than one spi'cies is included in the range indicated, or thai the statement 
 may bi> the result of a mental imiiression rather than of a sulfi<Ment number of a'tual 
 obsi rvations. AVlien we have tin- sp-iniens iVum delinito localities before us, they 
 can b,' compared and identilied, and the range of the plants may thus be ascertained with 
 deliniteness on a<tual data. Our aim should be to (collect mat(.>rials for a Canadian tJora, 
 bearing in mind tliat. whilst a paucity of facts was soiue excuse in th(^ early days 
 for vagueness of generalization, now, the more material we accumulate, the greater 
 opportunity there is for precision in our work. Th(f many imperfections of this paper will 
 indicate how much room ri'mains for work in the lield, in the herbarium, and in the 
 library. Its special objects are : — 
 
 1. To show what si)ecies of Rununntlwrii: have been ascertained to be certainly 
 inhabitants of the Dominion of Canada, and of adjoining tracts of country that, for 
 purposes of geographical botany, <annot well b;; disconnected, — citations being given of 
 the historical evidence for their occurrence in cases of plants not observed during recent 
 years. 
 
 2. To correi X the nomenclature so as to bring it in accord, as far as possible, with 
 that adopted by the nost recent and trustworthy authorities in the standard works of other 
 coitntries. 
 
 •'}. To present concise descriptions of the several species, so as to enable students to 
 identify them with certainty. 
 
 4. To give the synonyms and references necessary for tracing the history of the 
 several plants throughout botanical literature back to the first scientific recognition of the 
 spi^nes, wherever this can b ■ done without over-burdening the record. In a few cases, 
 pre-Lininean citations are given when; they tend to elucidate or illustrate the early 
 history or distribution of a species, or the origin of its specific name. 
 
 "). To point out th<' geographical range of these plants over Canada, and other parts 
 of the Northern lleniisphi're. 
 
 6. To record their local distribution, that is their presence or absence fiom particular 
 localities, or occurrence or absence throughout larger districts of the seA'eral provinces. 
 
 7. To suggest points for observation in regard to those species that appear to be of 
 
(CANADIAN RANT7N0TJLAC1'..T;. 
 
 17 
 
 doul)tful rank, or whoHc riiltitiouH lo other rtipulod Hpeuieti are still impori'ootly ixuder- 
 stooC or whoso range has not boon fully tracod. 
 
 Th(! Riuiiinculacea^ lorrn a largo niiairal order of (ioworing plants, distributed chiofly 
 throuurhout the tempernto and cooIit parts of the northern honiisphero. They belong to 
 Hie ])()l\ p"liili>iis (livi.sion of Diiolyledones, and form the lirst order of Henthani and 
 HookorV " Cienera I'lantaruui," as of most other modern systematic works. In Jussiou's 
 "Genera I'huitaruni," tliey formed the first order of "Class 1:', Tolypetdous Dieoty- 
 h'donous plants, with hypogynous stamens. " Jpwards of 1,200 species have been 
 described l)y autliors as inliabiting the <rlobe, only a small proportion being Australian, 
 but Hooker and Bentham reduce the number of well-distinguished species to 540. Lindley 
 had estimated them at 1,000. 
 
 Whilst, in regard to structure, the boundaries *of the order are pretty well defined, 
 and the plants which it lontains present a certain uniibnnity in the form, modes of 
 division and incision of the leaves, which, in a largt; majority of the herbaceous species 
 are more or less tripartitely or palmately divided, and always without stipules, although 
 often with flattened petioles, yet the several genera present considerable diversity of 
 modificalion in tlie form, number, and arrangement of the parts of tlu^ flower. In the 
 genus Clemnlh, the calyx consists of large petaloid sepals, whilst the petals are mostly 
 absent. In Anemone we have the same modifications, with this difference, that the sepr.ls 
 are imbriciit(! in lestivation, that is, overlapping, and not valva or meeting at the 
 edges on tlie same plane. In Tkolkinim, th(i sepals ar; small and imperfectly petaloid, the 
 stamens in some of tu • species forming ihe conspicuous part of the Ilower. In Ranunmlus, 
 the calyx consists of fivo green imbricate sepals, assuming the more usual general 
 form, texture and colour of this organ as seen in other families of plants, whilst, in this 
 genus, tiie corolla also assumes its more normal form as a verti<'il of L.rge, flat or cupped, 
 bright-i;oloured petals. Myositrm presents us with other modifi('ations , the sepals are 
 spurred, the petals i>ro saccate and stalked, and the receptacle is greatly elongated. Caltha 
 has large petaloid sepals, but no petals. In Trollius, the sepals are also large and 
 conspicuous, variable in number, but there are slender petals with a pit at base. In 
 Coptis the petalij are shortly tubular at the apex. In Aquilegia they are funnel-shaped, 
 being narrowed posteriorly into long hollow "spurs." Then there are two genera in 
 which th(^ flower is irregular, viz., Delphinium and Aconilum. In these, as well as 
 in some, others, the petals are peculiar, small, deformed, or altogether absent. The 
 fruit also varies considerably in this order. In most cases it consists of a large num- 
 ber of minute n\it-like achenes (each containing a single seed) ; but in Pmonia, Caltha, 
 Trollius, Co/ifis, Aqnilr'sia, Dcl/ihtniirm, Aconititm, the fruit consists of several or many-seeded 
 " follicles " or pods. In Ac/icd, etc., it is a berrj^ 
 
 Many of thes(! plants have powerful jdiysiological actions, owing to organic 
 compounds which they contain ; several have been long in use in medicine, and as 
 
 ' Hanuncuhiceic. A. Laurent Jussieu, Gonora Plantariim (1789) ; A. P. D© CandoUo, Rog. Veg. Syst. Nat (1818) ; 
 Lindley, Veg. Kingdom (1853) ; Endlichor; A. Gray; Bentham & .J. D. Hooker (1862). 
 
 Sec. IV., 1884. 3. 
 
it 
 
 li 
 
 18 
 
 TiAWSON: REVISION OF THM 
 
 poisons. Ill some, tho acid or poisonous piiuciple is so .olatilc as to bo riiinovable by 
 dryiiii"- or boiliiiir. Aronitum Na/wlliis, which yields tho p. v»'^<'rful alkaloid Aconitinc, was 
 used ]>y the Romans as a poison, and has of late years been the cause of fatal accidents in 
 England, wlicn- the loot had been mistaken for horse-radish. A. fero.v wi's at one time 
 used l)y the natives in f dia to poison wells in a<lvance of tho British troops. E„. micnlus 
 (uiis. Fhimmiilit a. id srvlenit/is have '>'V'n employed in lilurope for blistering', instead of 
 ciMitharides. Anvmoiie Hejmtim, and Delphinitim are astringents ; Hrllebonm, a drastic 
 purgative; ]fi/i/nis/i\ CnnKdenm. a tonic; Coptis trifolio, a powerful bitter; XaiUhorhiza 
 Hpiifolin. a ionic bi(ter. Tlu' berries of Aclam are jioii-ionous, tlu^ roots anti-siiasmodic, 
 expectorant, a^jtringent, — used iu cases of catarrh. Cimirifuga has similar properties, and 
 its preparatioKs liaA'c of late years come i/ito use in rheumatic affections ; its astringent 
 l)i(tcr root is u reputed remedy for rattle-snake bites. Few of these plants can be used as 
 food or foddci'. JuuiKiiriiltis repens is eatcii by cattle. The small starchy tubers of R. 
 Ficaria have been cooked as an article of food in Austria ; CaUha palns/ris is used iu New 
 England in spring as a pot-herb, and C. leptonejmla is l)oilt>d and used as greens by 
 the silver miners on the Rocky Mountains of the South.' 
 
 I 
 
 Conspectus of Gkneua. 
 
 Triiib I. Clil-Jiff .ITlIM^iH. Popals valvato. Totals 0, or iiarro(v .stamini/d iirooosst^s. C'nriiols miii^oro'is, 
 ono-ovuk'il. Ovule {Hiiululous, raphe doraiil. Aclioi'ia imlcliisront Stom liorbacoouei, or u.'iuall}- wixnly and 
 c''iiibin(r. Ixsavos oi)jx)eito. 
 Genu.s 1. cr.lCMAT;!?. 
 
 Tkidh II. AXKMOXKjii. Sopaln imbricato. Cari>t>l.s(in('-(ivulod. Ovulo in'ndulous, ra|iho dorsal. Achenia 
 iiulpliiscont. Ilorbs. Ixiavos radical, alternate or involiicrat< . 
 
 * Petals or very small, not hollowed. 
 Genus 2. TIIAT-irTHluM. Involucre 0. Sepals 4-5. 
 
 (jonus 3. ANE.MONE. Involucre Inrined of a ^•('rticil of iloral leaves, rarely 0. Sepals several or numerous, 
 potaloid. 
 
 '^'* Petals hollowed out or tubiilar. 
 Genus •!. MYOSURUS. Sepals spurred at the base. Petals slender. Achenia spicate (on an olongatod roeeptaclo). 
 
 Triiu) III. KAAI^XCUIjK.TJ. Sepals imbricate. ('ar|iels oue-ovnled.. Ovule ascending, raphe ventral. 
 Aclicuia indelii.sceiit. Herbs. I^iaves radical or alternati<. 
 Genus 5. TU.UITVKTTERIA. I'Mtals 0. 
 Genus (). !4.\>;r.S'f'UI,US. Sepals caducous. I etals usually 5 or more. 
 
 TianB IV. ]IK!iI.iKHOIlE.K. Sep i Is imbricate. Petals small, or abuovmul in form, n (i. Carp-K- mauy- 
 ovuled, dohisiiuj,' when rii*, or rarely liaccate. llerba. I/eaves radical or alternate, the involucrate ones 
 similar. 
 Subtribo 1. Cai.tiih.i,. Leaves palmati-norved or palmatisoct. Plowcrs re-rular, *>lit:iry, or in panicles. 
 
 ■" Petals 0. 
 Genus 7. ( .\l/i'll.\. OvliIos in a double series alon^ tho ventral suture. 
 Genus .S. IIYDli.VSTIS. Ovules 2. CariMils I nci'ate. 
 
 ** Petals small or slender. 
 Genus 9. TKOLLIIJi^. S(^pal< usually deciduous. Pe'ds entire. 
 Subtrilio 2. Isoi'vuk.k. I>ta»e.s termite, ^ul)-|)iiiii:ite, or i.vMompiMnul. Mowerfi re^ulai, solitary, or in i>auicle8. 
 
 'Vi,- elaborati'. dciails in regard to some ol the active priiu-iplivs of Kaiiunculaceous plants, particularly 
 Anenionin, Ancmonic, and Aneinoninic Acids, see Lloyds' Drugs and Medicinea of N. America, vol. i., No. :'>, 
 October, 18S4. 
 
1 
 
 CANADIAN EANUNCULACETF:. 
 
 19 
 
 •able by 
 lUf, was 
 idents in 
 Qiie time 
 
 istead of 
 ii draslie 
 inthorhiza 
 )asmodio, 
 rties, and 
 is'aingent 
 e used as 
 ers of R. 
 d in New 
 rreons by 
 
 lis numerous, 
 ly woody and 
 
 sal. Achenia 
 
 or numoroua, 
 
 eil rocoptaclo) . 
 rapho ventral. 
 
 Carp >!" many- 
 ivoluorato onos 
 
 )anii'l89. 
 
 or in iianiclos. 
 
 Ills, iiarticiilavly 
 n, vol. i., No. ''•• 
 
 * Sepals 5-0. 
 Oonns 10. COITIS. Putals .small. CarjMjls froo, stipitato. 
 Goniis 11. AQTULEGIA. I'lsialB (iroU.iiKOil bacU'.vards into long lioUow spurs. 
 
 Suhtril)e ?. DbLiiiiNRE. L<<avos palmati-ndrvod or palmatisoct. Flowers irregular, 
 (ieniis 12. DELPHINIUM. Dorsal soj)al sjiurrod In-hind. 
 Genus Vi. At'ONlTUAI. Dor.ial scual hulniot-Kliai)0(l. 
 
 Subtrib(( 4. ('iMi('iFniK.is. Loaves ternato, sub-pinnato, or doconiiwund. Flowers regular, in racemes. 
 
 '■^ Stamens numerous. > 
 
 Genus 14. ACT.E.V. Cari>ol 1, baccate. 
 
 Genus 15. CIMICIFUGA. GarjKils 1 or sdvoral, dehiscent follicles. 
 Tp'mh V. P.KOXIE.K. .Sepals imbricate. Petals largi!. Carjiels witl. a circular disc, several or many 
 ovulcd, dobisccnl. Large lierl).s or sligbtly woody. Ixjaves radical or alternate, pinnately decompound, 
 (ienusia P.EGNIA. 
 
 Genus I.— CLEMATIS, Linnceus. 
 
 Beuthani and Hooker, Greuera riantarum, I., p. 8. 
 
 List of Species : — 
 
 1. C. vei'ticillaris. 
 '1. 0. Virginiana. 
 3. C. ligusticifolia. 
 
 4. C. Douglasii. 
 
 [0. alpina, var. Ochotensis.] 
 
 1.--CLEM.VnS VERTICILTiAKlS, De Catulolh. 
 
 Stent shrubby, slender, trailin;? or climbing, from ten to twenty fuet or more in length. 
 Leaves of the barren or leaf-bearing shoots opposite, petioles twisted and clasping as 
 tendrils, each leaf consisting of three stalked leallets, which are ovate, or slightly heart- 
 ;;haped, or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate or acute, entire or more u.sually coarsely 
 and laciniately toothed or trilid, hairy when young, becoming nearly glabrous at 
 maturity. Peduncles opposite, each bearing one large cernuou? flower. Sepals four in 
 number, one and a half to two inches in length, petaloid, ovate-lauceolale, acuminate, of a 
 pleasing but iK^t bright purple colour, thin and lla^'id, somewhat cupped and convergent, 
 forming a c.-mpanuhtte blossom, not expanding freely. Petals small, crowded, in form 
 of spatulate sinucn-like processes, the inner series passing into stamens. The flowers, 
 which are from two io three inchcK in diameter, are prodiiced in May, or early in June, 
 on the bare leafless shoots of the previous year, arising in pairs from the opposite buds 
 of the slioot. Eacli llower is ai'conipaiiied by an apparent leafy verticil, formed of two 
 pairs of 1 ing-stalked trifoliate leave, produced simultaueoiisly with the developmem of 
 the llower. The flower arises from the nxil of one of the upper psnr of subtending leaves, 
 and froir the other a h>af-shoot or branch shoots forth. The flowers are succeeded by 
 large heads of achenes with long silky iihimose tails. The leaflets are long-stalked and 
 vary in form (as usual in this genus) from broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually more 
 or less cordate at base, acute or acuminate, somev/hat lobed, coarsely toothed or entire, at 
 least towards the ])oirit, on.' and a half to two inches in length, and somewhat less in 
 bieadfli. Kl. May June. 
 
20 
 
 LAWSOX: KE VISION OF Till-: 
 
 il 
 
 Ckimtlis rnticillam. De Ciiiulollo, Syst. Nat. Reg. Veg., Vol. I., !>. 160. (1818.) Pro- 
 dromus, I., p. 10. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 2. Tonvy & Gray, Fl. N. Ain., I., j). 10. 
 Macliigiin. Trans. Bot. Soc. Ediii., III., p. 13. Load. .Tour. Bot., YI., p. (5(). Torroy, Fl. N. 
 Y., I., p. 7. "Wood, Botany, p. 201. Gray, Manual, ed. o, p a.". Fruvauelier, Fl. Cau., p. 
 4. Lawsoii, IJunuuc. Can., p. 20. Bot. Wilkes, p. 212. Watson, King's Rep., V., p. 4. 
 Porter, Ilayd. Rep., 18Y1, p. 477. Coulter, same, 1872, p. 7o8. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., 
 p. 11. Macouii, Cat. (1883), Xo. 1. J. F. James, Revis. Clematis, pp. Ji, 11, and 10. Brewer 
 & Watson, Botany of California, ed. 2, Vol. I., p. 3. 
 
 Atru'^ene Americana. Sims, Bot. Mag., t. SS7. Aitoii f., Ilortus Kewmisis, ed. 2, III., 
 p. 342, (1811) Pursh, Fl., p. 38-1. Spreng., Syst., II., p. ti44. Watson, Demi. Brit., p. 74, 
 (182.-)). Don, Mill. Diet.. I. p. 10. Spnch, Hist. Veg., VI., p. 270. Dietr. Syu., HI., p. 341>, 
 Loudon, Arboret.. I., p. 24S, t. 27. Kort. Brit., p. 228. Gray, Gen. Illus., p. 14, t. 1. 
 Manual. 2 ed., p. 3. Kevue Horlieole. 18.')4, t. 7, and 18,-)5, t. 17. Curtis, Bot. N. Carolina, 
 p. 120. Chaphian. Fl. South. U. S.. p. 3. 
 
 C. Americana. Poiret, Supp., V., p. 622. (1810-10.) 
 A. CohimbuJia. Nuttall, .Tour. Av. Phil.. VII., p. 7. 
 C. Cohmhiana. 'Von: k Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 11. (Watson.) 
 
 The species Wi's originally described in the rxilaiiinil Magazine as Alragcnc Americana, 
 De Candolle, in " ^Ivei-iii Vegetabilis Systema Naturale," did iu)t adopt the genus Alragene, 
 but merged il in CIcmalis. iis Poiret had previously done. I'oiret called it C. Americana. 
 Br.t there being already a C/cma/is Aiuericaiia, di'scribed in ]\Iiller"s Dictionary, from Equa- 
 torial America, and adopted l)y De Candoll.', tlie latter botanist had to lind a new specific 
 name for the Northern American plant, now transferred to Clematis, iM\d accordingly < ailed 
 it C vcrlicil/aris, in allusiou to the apparent verticils of leaves subtending the lowers. In 
 the Hor/as Britaiiiiirna. its Fnalish name is given as the Whorlod American Atragt>im. 
 So for as observed, the limits of the range of this species are as follows : 
 
 Pacific Coast Region.— South limit (Northern California) 40 N. Lat. 
 
 North limit (British Coliunlna) oO' " 
 
 (Extent of range, N. to S.=- 10 .) 
 
 Rocky Mountain Legion. — South limit 40 " 
 
 North limit (Mount •^elwyn) 06' " 
 
 (Extent of range N. to S.=1G'.) 
 
 Elevation limits : Teton. 48' N.=ll,0(tO ft. ,, 
 
 Utah, 40^ N.= 9,000 " 
 
 Central Continental Region. — South limit (Wisconsin) 4(J" " 
 
 North limit (llud.son Bay) 54' •' 
 
 (Extent of range, N. to S.=l)\) 
 
 Atlantic Coast Region. — South limit (Carolina Mountains) 37 " , 
 
 North limit (Maine, Vermont, Montreal) 45" " 
 
 (Extent of range. N. to S.=8^) 
 
 Extreme South Limit ' 'arolina Mountains) 37° ' 
 
 Extreme North Limi iRocky Mountains) fiO' " 
 
 In woods in the central districts, as far north \s lat. 54', ascending the elevate 1 valleys 
 o'l the eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains in that latitude. — Richardson, T. Dram- 
 vtond. At Capo Mendocino, on the N.W. coast, in lat. 40', plentiful (North California).— 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACEiR. 
 
 21 
 
 Douglds. (Hook., Fl. nor.-Ain., I., p. 2.) Montreal and Belceil Mouutaius, Que. ; at Jones's 
 Falls (Uidoaii Canal) this was the most striking plant, a handsome-flowered species 
 ascending the trees and rocks to a height of twenty or thirty feet, (IB43).— JDr. P. W. 
 Madagan. Yiiii;ity of Qn<'1>ec City — D/-. Rriuiet. Mountain side east from Hamilton, 
 Oi\t— Judge Logie. North limit in Hudson Bay Territories, lat. .'')4 '; seldom occurs to N. 
 "W. of OniMio.—Banislon. Mount Selwyn, lat. 50, Rocky Mountains ; Coast Eange of 
 British Columbia ; foot-hills of Rocky Mountains, near 4!tth parallel ; and in the Bow 
 River rass.~iVf*,w/w. North Hastings, Out., 1 Jtli June, 1814, in fruit.— ilfacoMW. Spanco's 
 Bridge, British Columbia, 21st May, \^V).—Macoun. Chelsei-. Mountains, north from the 
 city of Ottawa; lirst found there by the Ollavm Field Club. (In flower May, 1884.) 
 
 Vermont.— I roocA New York and Pennsylvania. — Pim^h. Mountains of North Caro 
 Vm&.--Chajim(ui. Di'laware, New Jersey. Connecticut, Maini", New Hampshire, Wisconsin, 
 Montana, Idaho, Utah. — Jaiiies. 
 
 Accordiim' to Hortus Keweusis, lh<' American Atragene was introduced to English 
 gardens by Messrs. Loddigcs, in the year ItHT. It is tlie earliest flowering species, but, as 
 the flowers are i)rodu(ed bel'ore the foliage, it is less adapted than some others for garden 
 decoration. In its native liuunts, in th(> rocky and bushy woods, it is an agreeable surprise 
 to tlie botanist to find its charming blossoms among the withered leaves in the early season 
 of spring flowers. 
 
 2. — CIjKM.VIMS VllidlNIANA, LiillKCMS. 
 
 Stem shrubby, i:limhing. Leaves opposite, petioles twisted and clasping as tendrils, 
 leaUets three, stalked, ovate or somewhat cordate, acute, lobed, and conrsely tootlied. Ped- 
 uncles opposite, eacli l)earing a largt; panicle or c1ust(>r of nunirrotiH llowcrs. Sepals four, 
 rather large, pctaloid. Petals al)sent. A .limber, ten or twelve feet high, clinging to 
 buslies and small trees for support. Flowers white, fragrant. The plant is very couspic- 
 uoiis in the fall season, as the leafless sti'ms with their numerous clusters of plume-tailed 
 achenes form laru'i feathery wreaths. The leallets are always prominently toothed, som<'- 
 times almost lobed, never eidire, as they sometimes are in ('. Vi/aiha, of Europe, and 
 constantly in several Indian species. Very variable in length and breadth and division 
 of leaflets. 
 
 C/emiUis Virginmna. Linnnius, in Amcen. Acad., IV., p. 215. Sp. PI., tOO. Michaux, 
 Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 318. Pursh. II., p. :584. Bigelow, Fl. Bost., p. 13;!. Lam. Diet., II., p. 
 43. Walt. Fl. Car., p. 1o7. Alton f., Ilort., Kew., ed. 2, III., p. 344. Willdenow, Sp. PI., 
 II., p. 1290. Persoon, Synops., II., p. OD. DC. Syst., I., p. 142. Prod.. I., p. 4. James, 
 ling's Exp., II., p. 343. Elliott, II.. p. 44. Wats. Dendr., 74. Hook., Fl Bor.-Am., 
 I., p. 1 ('n part.) London Jour. Bot., Vt., p. Oti. Don. MJl. Die, I., p. o. Torr. and 
 Or., Fl. N.A., I., p. 8 and p. G;)". Spach., Hist. Veg., VII., p. 278. Dietr. Syn., III., p. 345. 
 Torr. Fl. N.Y., I., p. 0. Fremont's Rcp-. P- 87. Emory's Rep., p. 13r) and p. 400. Loud. 
 H(nt. Brit., p. 228. Arbor., I., p. 237, fig. 13. Richardson, Arct. Exped., II., p. 442. Gray, 
 Pac. R. Rep. 12, 40. Manual. Curtis, Bot. N. Car., p. 120. Parry, PI. Minn., p. (iOS. 
 Lesquer., Fl. Ark., p. 374. Lawsou, Mill. Fl. N.S., ser. 3, part 5, t. 14. Chapman, Fl. So. 
 U.S., p. 4. Lawson, Ranunc. Can., p. 20. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 11. Macoun, Cat., 1883, 
 No. 2. 
 
•I 
 
 22 
 
 LAWSON: liEVlSiOxV OF THl!: 
 
 C. Canadensis. Mill., Diet., u. 5. 
 ■ ■ C.frai^rnns. Salisb. Prod. p. .^1, not of T.iuiore (which is FlammiUa). 
 
 C. cordifolid. Moemli, 8up., p. 104. 
 
 C. brartcata. MooiK-h, 8up., p. 103. 
 
 C. mrdato. Pursh. II., p. 384. "DC. Prod., I., p. 4. oxo. syii." Spreng. Syst., II., p. 
 670. Don, Mill, I., p. .V 
 
 C. I'ursliii. Dii'tr. Syii., 111., p. •'!4r). 
 
 Clemniis Virginiaiia piviiionicw Kimilis. Plukouett, IMunti.-ssa, p. ol, t. 3t0, f. 4, (1*700.) 
 
 r. ho/oserirea. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 384. Chapman, Fl. S. U. 8., p. 4. Referred here by 
 Mr. James. 
 
 Canada. — Miduiux. Danks of streams and moist spots, edges of swamps, ravines, etc., 
 from the shores of Bras d' (.»r Lake, Cape Itreioii, and the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, 
 westward through tlie pi'ovince.s of New Itrun.swick, (Quebec, and Ontario. Banks along 
 the roadside at tlie K'ille Kange, liedford, N.S.— /.//('•>()//. London, ihxt.—MdImau, 13th 
 August, LS7!', Herl). Can. Survey. In the township.s in rear of King.sion, in Frontenac 
 and adjoining counties, as between Kingston and Odessa, Waterloo, and Hinchinbrook ; 
 also Toronto. — Dnrsott. Wind.sor. \. S.— /V(»/'. Ifoio. Nirolel and St. Johns, Q., and 
 Niagara, Out. ; also Montreal, liith Aug.. ls,")l. — Marld^nii. Two miles from Prescott, near 
 Ottawa and Prescott K'iiilway, abundant ; rare in thickets northward to ('helsea. — 3Ti: B. 
 Billiiiiis jr. Belleville, abundant in low grounds, along small streams; also Thunder Bay, 
 Lake Superior. — Marouii. Red Lake IJiver, Se])tember, 18(!0. — Dr. SclniKz. Provaucher 
 cites Pied du Cap Tournu'nte and Isle Verte. which is the last outpost north-eastwardly. 
 
 Mr. Barnston obscM'ves that westwardly this species does not appear to pass the longi- 
 tude of Red Iviver or Lake Winnipeg, and is rare to the N.W. of Ontario Province. South 
 end of Lake Winnipeg. — /)/v/w;/(n//(/. Canada to (leorgia, and west to the Mississippi. — • 
 T. iiiid CI. Said by Sir John Richardson to be conmon to Oregon, the eastern Ilnjted 
 States and Canada, and to extend northwards to the Saskatchewan ; but Sir John no 
 doul)t included llie Ibrm li^^iialirifiilid, which, although described from Nuttall's Notes in 
 Torrey and Gri'y's I'lora. was not then well known or ge.nerally recognized as a species. 
 
 Hooker observed tiiat this had been long cultivated in England, where it proved a 
 hardy plant, well adapted for coveri g walls and arbours. Its llowers are highly Iragrant, 
 which is not usual in this genus. The lirst notice of its cultivation in England is in 
 Hortus Kewensis, '' I7<i7, by Mr. James Gordon." 
 
 3. — Clematl; i-tousticifolia, NvthdI. 
 
 Stem shrubby, trailing or cliuibinu'. Ijeaves pinnaie and live-leaved, or ternate, occa- 
 sionally seven-leaved; the leallets oval, oblong or lanceolate, from broad to very narrow, 
 tri-lobcd or with few distant teeth. Inllorescence in close panicled corymbs, flowers on 
 long, sU'udin' pedicels, dianious. Otherwise ii,s C. Virgininna. In Professor Macoun's 
 spc'cimens I'nnn source of the Qu'Appelle the leaves are lunuate, the leallets short, as 
 broad as long, and shortly stalked, inflorescence corymbose. In a form (apparently of this) 
 colleiled in May, IMS;), near Canyon City, Colorado, the leaflets are narrowly oblong- 
 lanceolate, very acuminate, with a few distant teelh. 
 
 C. lisritslicifvlia. Nuilall in Torr. cSc Or., Fl., 1., p. !». Gray, PI. Feudl., p. 3. Watson, 
 
'*» 
 
 CANADIAN EANUNCULACBM 
 
 23 
 
 Bibl. Index, I., p. 10. King's Exp., 40tli ranilld, p. :5 J. F. JaniLVs, Ruvis. Clem., p. and 
 p. 15. Macoun, Cat., No. 3. Brewer & NVat.son, Bot. Calif., ed. 2, Vol. I., p. 3. 
 
 C. Virf^iniana. Hook., Fl.-Bor. Am., I., p. 1, in part. Kichardson, Boat Voy. App., 
 II., p. 284, in part. Lawson, Ranuuc Canad., p. 20, in part. 
 
 From "VVashinj^ton Territory to the Saskatchewan. — Wttlson, Kings Exp. 40tli parallel, 
 p. H. Rocky Mountains. The locality given in Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. lor C. Virginiann, \'va.. 
 Banks of the Columbia (Douui-his), no donbt belongs to ('. li^usticifolin. Climbing or trailing 
 over bushes or sand on the sand hills at the sour<;e of the Qu'Appelle ; Spence's Bridge 
 and Cache Creek, B.C.—Maroim. Sand Creek, Columbia Valley, B.C., 22nd July, 1883 ; 
 Coldstream River, Cascade Mountains, B.C., 8th July, 1877 ; margin of Waterton Lake, 
 Rocky Mountains. — Dr. G. M. Dau'soii. 
 
 This is essentially a Rocky Mountain plant, ocoiuring in one or other of its forms in 
 New Mexico, Colorado (where I gathered it last year, near Canyon City), California 
 Arizona and Oregon. The forms which pass under the name of ('. ligiistinfolia might be 
 referred as A'arieties of C. Virgin ianu. Mr. James suggests that the eastern plant (C. Virgi- 
 niutm) is a descendant of the western one (C. ligiisticifolia), and that the latter may have its 
 nearest relatives in the highlands of India, but I know no Indian species resembling it. 
 
 Dr. Greorge Dawson's spiMnmen from Sand Creek, Columbia Valley, with nearly 
 smooth, broadly ovate, subcordate, tri-lobed leaflets, may be T. and G.'s var. fi. hrevifolia. 
 
 4. — Cr-K.MATl!^ Douaii.vsil, Hooker. 
 
 on, 
 
 Stem eret^t, simple, herbaceous, and, like the peduncle, strongly striate, with one 
 terminal campauulate cornuoixs flower. LeaA'es pilose, bi-tri-pinnatifid, the segments 
 linear. Carpels villous, with long plumose tails. — Hooker. Torr. Sj- Grai/. 
 
 Clema/is Douglasii. Hook., Fl. Bor -Am., I., p. 1, tab. 1. Torr. «& G-r., Fl. I., p. 8 and p. 
 65t. Lond. Jour. Bot., VI., p. 65. Don, Mill, I., p. 8. Walp., I., p. 7. Dietr. Syn., III., 
 p. 348. Gray, Am. Jour. Sc, ser. 2, XXXIII., p. 408. Proc Acad. Phil., 1863, p. 56, 
 Watson, King's Rep., V., p. 3. Porter, Hayd. Rep., 1871, p. 477. Fl. Col., p. 1. Coulter. 
 Hayd. Rep., 1872, p. 758. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, p. 211. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 10. 
 J. F. James, Revis. Clem , pp. 3 and 12. Macoun, Cat., 1883, No. 4. 
 
 a Wi/ethii. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil., VII., p. (i. Torr. & Gr., Fl., I., p. S. Walpers, 
 Rep., I., p. 7. (Watson.) 
 
 On the west side of the Rocky Mountains, near ihe sources of the Columbia. 
 JJoiig/ds, in Hook., Fl., B.-A., (quoted as the Oregon in Torr. and G-r.) Judging from the 
 course of the Columbia River ami Douglas's route as laid down in Hooker's map, the 
 locality of this plant would be in the innghbouriiood of Mount Brown, near 52' north 
 latitude. It dot>s not appear t(j havt^ been found in Britisii America by any other collector ; 
 but several localities are given for the Rocky Mountains of the south. Mr. James thus 
 sketches its distribution :— " A mountain western species, strictly confined, so far as 
 known, to tlie Rocky Mounttiin ranges, and exiending from Central Colorado, at Middle 
 Park, Clear Creek Canyon (middle ekn ations), and in the Wahs;itch and Uinta Mountains 
 of Utah, at 6,000 or 7,000 feet, to Fort Ellis, and the Yellowstone in Montana, at Snake 
 River Valley. Teton Mountains (11,000 feet) and Flat Head River Valley in Northern 
 
frit 
 
 24 
 
 LAWSON: REVISION OF TIIR 
 
 m 
 
 k I 
 
 Idaho and \Vii.shiui>tou 'I'mritory." "We liuvi! spi'cimeiis in I'ruit from Douglas's last 
 Orogou oollertion." Torr. and Gray, Fl.. 1., p. ().i7. 
 
 Sir "William Hooker, in describing this i>lant, observoH : "This beautiful speeies of 
 Cfrniittis is (juite unlike any hitherto described ; and I am anxious it sliould bear tlu^ name 
 of its zealous and meritorious discoverer.'' David Douglas, who was a native of Perth- 
 shire, Scotland, greatly distinguished liimself as l)otanical collector for the Horticultural 
 Society of London, in tlie early days wlicn tiiat ilonrisliing institution was iilling *ho 
 gardens of I'jijrland with new and strange plants. Hut tbis species docs not sei'm to have 
 ever reached a garden. Douglas nu't his death in I^i^l, at tlie early age of IH> years, by 
 falling into a pit made by the miiives of the Sandwich Islands for catching wild animals. 
 (There is a biographical sketch in Loudon's Gardeneii Mugnziiie, for May, 183'), and in 
 CanadiuH Nalnmlist, 1800.) 
 
 [C. AL1'IN.\, var. OcilOTE-Vsls. Loaves biteruately divided, segments oblong-lanceo- 
 late, acuminate, serrate, petals few, linear. {Atrti'j;rne Oiliofcnsls. Pallas, Fl. Ivoss., II., 
 p. 61'. C. Orliolcnsis, Poir. DC. Syst. Nat., I., Itii!.) Prof. Gray expresses surprise that 
 this plant shcnild have been for the first time detected iu the New World at a point 
 so far south as Santa Fe. (Plantic Fendlerianjc Novi-^Iexicaunc, p. 4.) In the Old 
 AVorld it is the northern ov Siberian form of the liJuropeau C. alpimt, but iu America 
 it has only, so far, been found in Colorado, L'tah and Idaho, according to Mr. J. F. 
 .Tames (Clematis, p. 1:2), who observes : " Doubtless it is to be found in British America at 
 the north, aiul may even exteud up to Alaska." As yet, however, it cannot be included iu 
 our Flora, but will, it is hoped, ere long reward the ellbrts of some climber on our Rocky 
 Mountains. It is the only species of Clematis common to both America and Europe.] 
 
 Genus II.— TIIALICTKUM, Lumwus. 
 Hooker and Bentham, Genera Plantarum, I., j). 4. 
 
 List of species : — 
 
 1. T. Cornuti. 
 
 2. T. occidentale. 
 ;i T. dioicum. 
 
 4, T. alpinum. 
 
 !). T. sparsillorum. 
 (!. T. anemonoides. 
 [T. purpurascens.] 
 
 ^.— T uxuctRV M Cony VT\, Linnfcus. : ; 
 
 Koot lil)rous. Stem strong and tall, prominently furrowed, (threti to six feet high). 
 Radi<al leaves long-stalked, very large, and, like the sessile cauliin' leaves, ternately 
 decompound; leallets large, thick and glaucous or downy beneath, varying from broadly 
 obovate to narrowly elliptical in outline, ternately dividi'd into rather lari>-e acute lobes. 
 Flowers nunu'rou.s, in large showy terminal panich's, dicecious or polygamous; sepals 
 white; anthers crowded, erect, on short, stoutish filaments ; stigmas very long, ilattened. 
 Carpels nunu'rous, t<'rete, ribbed. Cornutes Thalietrum. 
 
 Thohclriim Cornuti. Linu., Sp. PI., I., p. VOX, (\nm). Aiton f., Hort. Kew., od. 2, III., 
 
CANADIAN l.'ANUNCULAOR.i;. 
 
 2S 
 
 p. :]4t. Pursh., p. .-JgH. I'ersoon, Syuops. PI., II, p. TOO. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am, I., p. ;J, lab. 1 
 Toir. &Gray, Fl. N. A., I., p. 3s, i„ part. Gray, PI. Feudl., p. T,. Manual, ed. 5, p. 39. Chap- 
 man, Fl. ^•'. U. S., p. f). i'l IJourgeau, 2:A. Lawsou. Kauuiic. Canad., p. 81. Watsou, Bibl. 
 Index, I., p. li;-). Macoun, Cat , No. L'2. 
 
 2! mriindlnm. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. Ml. KIchardsou, Frankl. Jour., 12, iu part, (see 
 Hook. Fl. W. A.) 
 
 r. nmfcrhim. Md-n.li. (Walson, Indox.) 
 
 T. crciMluin. Dr,sf. Cat. liorl. Tar., cd. 2, p. l:2i!. (jUJ.) 
 
 T. (iixro/nr. "Willd. 
 
 T. ri^o;,s/n». Tursh, Fl., p. ;{8S. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 185. 
 
 T. ('aroliniimvm. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 1*74. (AVatson.) 
 
 T. leucuslemnn. C. Korh and Bouchu, in App. Index Semin. Ilort. Borol., 1855. Wal- 
 pers, Annales Botanices Syst., IV., p. 12. C. Koch and Bouche's description does not show 
 this plant (received at the Berlin Garden from North America) to be essentially different 
 from 2'. (.'(ir)iiiti. It appears to be a form with more compact congested panicles, a pecu- 
 liarity that miglit po.-, sibly result from its being- grown in the well-drained soil of the 
 Berlin Botanic Garden. 
 
 Thalirtnim Canadeim. Cornute, Canad. Tl. Hist., 18fl, tab. 18t, (lO-'Jo). Provancher, 
 Fl. Canad., p. 5. 
 
 T. Amerlctmum. Parkinson, Theatr., 2t!5, n. 9, (1(540). 
 
 T. miijiis, foUis nquilegice, flare nibo. Morison, Ilistoria Plantarura, III., p. 325, (1(]80). 
 
 '/'. Ciimdcnsf, caule purpumscente, Atpdiegur. folm, flonini slaminibus alhis. Tournefort, 
 Inst, lleillorb., p. 2Y1, (ItOO). 
 
 Banks of rivers as lar north as lal. 5(i^ in wooded districts, the whole breadth of the 
 continent, excluding the barren grounds and alpine tracts. — Hooker, Fl. B. A. 
 
 Wot meadows and margins of streams, not uncommon throughout the provinces of 
 Ontario, Qucl)ec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick. Kingston, Out., Hardwood Creek, 10th 
 July, ISOl, and surrounding country, abundant ; Ilnlifax County, not rsir Q.—Lawnon. Fre- 
 quent in Quebei^. province.— j¥r. Bnrnston. Chippewa and Maiden, Out.— Dr. P. W. 
 Marliiiriin. Gaspe, moist places along the Dartmouth River. — X>r. John Bell. Windsor, 
 N.S.— i'yv»/'. //()//•. Prescott and Ottawa, common. — B. Billiii<xs jr. Lake Superior.— Pz-q/". 
 
 E. Bi-ll. Bi'Ucvillc, (cmmou on the borders of str(>ams. — Mucoiin. Anticosti, 1861. 
 
 Verrill. N(>\vfouudhnid, Bonni> Bay and Point Rich, July-August, 18(51.— .7. Richardson,. 
 Between Wild Rice River and Red Lake River, September, 1860— jD/-. Schulfz. Assini- 
 boiiie River, July. 1861, Nos. 40-50.— Dr. Schul/z. From the Atlantic through the wooded 
 districts " to the Pacific," north to Peace River.— J/(/fOM«. Manitoba House, 14th June, 
 1881, and Long Lake, N. W. Territory, 7th July, U1d.—3Iacoi(n, in Herb. Can. Surv. St. 
 Marie (Bomia^.— Provancher. Abundant in the Atlantic proAinces of Canada, but its 
 western or Pacifi(^ range has not been well traced. Cultivated in England in 1640, 
 (Parkinson, 1. c). 
 
 2. — Thaliotbum occidentale, Gmi/. 
 
 This is referred to by Brewer and Watsou as very like the southern T. Fendleri, except 
 
 Sec. IV., 1884. 4. 
 
m 
 
 26 
 
 lawsox: uKvisioy OK Tin-; 
 
 ill llio at'luMios, wliiili arc iicmiIv IimH' ;iii iiuli loim'. iiarrovv, loiig-acuiiiiiiato luid loss 
 turvt'd than in that; it sooiiis to Ix' allird lu 7', I'uniii/i, the lihimt'iits not Ihickeucd 
 upwards as in that spoidos. 
 
 lliiilidriim oaiilviilale. Gray, I'roc. Am. Acad., VIII., p. -"{T^. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad., 
 XI.. p. VIA. (t87ti). llrcwcr & Watson, 1I..I. Calir.cd ± \. p. 4. 
 
 British Coluinliia to \V. Montana.— ir(//.v('//. Orcuoii to Montana. — Bol. Valif. 
 
 3. — TiiALicTUUM i)ioict;.\r. Loinwus. 
 
 Root ol' stroll!"' tiiick lihrcs, .sometimes almost tnhcroiis. Stem twelve or fourteen 
 inches, vurj'ing to two foet or mon' in heiixht, with long-stalked teriiately compound 
 leaves, composed of ruiiiided tluii hroaddobed leallets, green above, glaucous beneath. 
 Flowers diaH'ious (or ixilytiaiiious), in panicles, sepals greenish, with yellow or dull 
 l)urple long slender pendent anthers. Carpels deeply furrowed, several usually abortive. 
 
 ThtiUrtnim dioinini. Linii.,S|). I'l. p. 768. Alton f, Hort. Kew.,ed. 2, III, p. ;{47. Pursh, 
 Fl., p. 38S. BV. Syst. \at., I, p. 173. Jfook., Fl. l!..r.-Am., I., p. 3. Torr. & (Ir., Fl. I, p. 
 38. Hook, f., Arct. PI., p. •2S3. Cliapman, Fl. So. U. S., p. •'.. PI. Boiirgcau, 254. Wood. 
 Class Rook and F'loni, ^ . 204. Provancher, F'l. Can., p. ■"). Gray, Manual, .') ed., p. 30, 
 Lawson, Eanuiic. Canad., p. 32. Wat son, Bihl. Index, I, p. 20. Macouu, Cat., No. 20. 
 
 T. Icevigatum. Mi.haux, Fl., I. p. 322, (DC.) IVrsoon, Syuops. PI., II, p. 100. 
 
 Grassy ])anks of rivers ; mo.st al)undant in the central limestone districts, from Canada 
 to the banks of (he ^lackenzie liiverin hit. 07'. — Rirhunhon. Found also on tlie eastern base 
 of the I\( ky MoTUitains. — Dniinino/iif. And on tlu^ banks of the Columbia. — Mr. Gurri/. 
 Not found on the barren grounds, nor on naked alpine situations. — IIook.,¥l. Bor.-.Vin. 
 
 Dry woods and banks, common in central Ontavio, as woods about Trenton, June, 18(32, 
 and around Gaiianoque Lake, Birch Lslaiid, <S:e., May. IHOl ; near Kingston Mills, and 
 woods near Kings'..)!! Depot, 2iid May, iStiO. — Lairson. Mountain side, Hamilton, 12th 
 Ma}', 1860. — Ju(/<rr Logic. Prescott and Ottawa, common. — II. Billings jr. I'Jllis Bay, 
 Antico.sti,.Tuly 4. — J.RirhnrdMm. Anticosti. — Vtrill. Niagai'a I'alls and Maiden. — Dr. P. W. 
 Mnrlagaii. Bellevilli'. a1)U!idai!t in rich woods. — 3Itia>iiii. Montreal Mountain, 1848. — 
 James Ailii: Mackenzie liiver, above I'ort Simpson, 22n<l June, 18.'>3 ; Trout Lake, June ; 
 between Severn and Trout Lake, June. — MrTurish. Near the big lake of Ilarringtou, Co. 
 Argenteuil, July, 1801.— D;-. John Bell. Assiniboine. July, 1801.—/)/-. Srlinllz, No. 71. In 
 New Brunswick, at Keswick Pidge. rai-e. — Foirlrr. Flat lands, pesligouclie. — ('/lalmrrs. 
 
 This plant was cultivated in England by Mr. Philip Miller in 17.")!,t. Mill. Diet. ed. 
 T, n. n. 
 
 4. — TirvLifrniUM alpinum, Linnwus. 
 
 w 
 
 Eool rd)!<>us, stem simple, .smooth, three to six inches high, leaves nearly all radical, 
 long-stalked, biternate. Flowers herma]dirodit(<, in a simple raceme. Carpels shortly 
 stalked, lipped with the hooked style. 
 
 Tlialidriim aljiimim. Linn.. Sp. I'l.. p. 7o7. Fl. Lapponica, p. 22o. Hudson, Fl. 
 Anglica. Withering, Fl. Brit. Lightfoot, Fl. Scot., p. 280, t. 13 f. i. DC, Syst. Nat., I., p. 
 17;-). Prod., I, p. 12. Bot. Mag., t. 2237. Torr. iSf Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 30. Wood, CI. Bk. 
 
•t>^ 
 
 CANADIA N liANlTNCULACKK. 
 
 27 
 
 & Fl., p. 204. Hook, vSc Thorns., Fl. ru(li(;a, I., p. 18. Eiig. Rot., t. 202. Hook., Hah., 
 and othor Britisli aiiihor.s. Reicluniha'h, Ic Fl. G-oim., III., 20. Fries, Sumimi Vog. 
 Scandinav., p. -21. Law.soii, K'amiiif. ("aiiad., p. 3:). Watxon, l?il)I. Iiidi'X., p. 2-i. Macoun, 
 Cat., No. '2:). 
 
 T. viicroplii/llinii li m<ii-',':iniitiiin. lioylf, HI., Walp. Iti'p., I., 24-25. 
 
 T. ivnule. Carnl)., Walp. I{.p., I., VI. n. '.\\. Ann., IV., p. 11 
 
 First ri'*'ordcd as ('aiiadia'! on aiiihoiity of Kalm ; sid)S(>([Ufntly n.'i)ortod IVoni the 
 Tslaiidof Aiiticdsti, ill Ihi- (luU'ol'St. La\vn'iirt>, by I'ur.sii ; not noticed by Hooker in Flora 
 Ijorcali-Aiiicricana. Af^ain colk^ttHl on Antioosti l)y Mr. Vt-rrill, rare and not in flower, 
 18til ; more reetMiiiy by Maeoiiu, on Jiipitt "• Kiver, Anlicosli, very al»uudaiiL iu liv'cv val- 
 lev.s, biit nol mi liii^li utouikIs. — Jfvrb. !<nn>.,/ Ciiinitld. Newfoundland.— f/eW^ Buiilis, DC, 
 Newroiinilland, l.siid-S. — J I. Rec/,s(.] om. Woi., IX., p. lii). Greenland. — lluniemiuni. Lyn- 
 geniarken, Hisio Lsland, west eoast of Greenland. 18(!7. — Broton Camp. Plentiful at sea 
 level anu>ni>.st Luziiln s/iwiired, at Enslishniau l?ay, Disco, to the west of Lievtsly, lat. 
 ti!) ]'>'.-IIiiii, I5rit. I'olar. Exped., IMT.".-!;. Kotzebue Sound and Port ('laronc(>. — Rolhrock. 
 Roeky Mounliiins of I lie Souih. — Dr. I'orn/. Iceland. — IJooAer, Lindsajy, Sj'c. Orkney, oOO 
 feet. — BosirHI-Si/iiie. Scotlanil. Scandinavia, &e., Wales. — Sir J. E. Umitlt. Pyrenees. — DC. 
 [Lapland.--/./////r///.v. Himalaya and Thibet, above 10,000 feet.— //(wA-. fil. ^' Thomson, Fl. 
 Ind., Walpers Aniii;les, IV., p. 11. The siroiinliold of this species is in Northern Europe, 
 where it occurs chiefly on the mountains, dcscendinii' to the sea level as it approaches the 
 Arctic Circle, and extendins>' eastward through East Siberia. Novaya Zemlya. — Bner and 
 Muldjf. In Britain il extends from 53' to 01 N. lat., its so\rthern limits being Yorkshire 
 and Wales, on mountains, descending lo the coast level in the North Highlands, and ascend- 
 ing to JJIIOO feet in the East Highlands ; range of mean annual temperature 40° — 84'. — 
 JI. C. Wiifson, Cybele Brit., I., p. vl,- who ob.serves : "Tills is truly an Arctic species, and 
 the speiific name should be construed with reference to the climate, and not as indicating 
 any preiMleciiou for //*e Alps, as s. -ems to be implied by those botanists who write the 
 name witli an initial capital, — Al/iinum." 
 
 5. — Tii.VLicTUUM srAlL-^lFLOKTiM, Titrczaiiioto. 
 
 Plant \1 to IS inches high, with shortly petioled ternately compound leaves, which 
 are ghibrous, glaucous on the lower surfat;e. Flowers hermaphrodite, lilaraonts clavate. 
 Carpels large, pale, ihin and ]>od-like, stipitate, with embossed veins but no furrows. 
 
 Thiilir/r/nn s/i(irsi/lonim. Turcz. in Index Scni. Petropol. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, iv, p. 332. 
 Gray, PI. Wright. Smithsonian Contributions, V. p. 8. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 26. 
 Macoun, Cat. No. 24. 
 
 T. clanitiim. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. I., p. 2, excl. syn. Torr & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 3Y. 
 Walpers, Ann. Bot., IV., p. 10. Lawson, llanunc. Canad., p. 33. 
 
 Not T. duvulvm of UeCandolhi's Systema, Gray's Manual, and Chapman's Fl. So. U. S., 
 Iwhich is a southern plant. 
 
 T. Rirhorchonii Gray, Am. .Tour. Sc. XLII., p. 17. 
 
 Found only on Portage La Loche, a height of land composed of sand hills, lying in 
 lat. 57", and separating the waters flowing to Hudson Bay from those falling into the 
 
28 
 
 LAWSON; REVISION Ol" TIII'^ 
 
 Antic Sea. — liirluti-ihiin, iu Hook., Fl. lior. Am. York Vartory, ii Iniiiv mimlii'r orNpcrimfus 
 oollocted durini,' succossivc scasoiiN. — Governor McTdmli. UnFortuniih'ly special localilics 
 are not givoii on the labels oTMiTavish'K spo<'imi'ns, I he district being indicated merely by 
 the letters " Y. V." Low "ronnd aloni'' tlic eastern base u|' the Porcupine Monntuins, abont 
 lat. SS" ; Manitoba ; ^IcLeod Lake, hit. So , 15. C. — Manmn. 
 
 li. — THALICTRT^M ANE>rONOIPES, MiihdllX. 
 
 Root of lew lleshy tubers; radii alleaves lew; long-stalked, tevnalely comijound, 
 with stalked leaflets ; caulino leaves similar, forming an involucre. Plant five or six 
 inches high, with habit and foliageof /.so/yyrww, llowers o{ Anemone, and I'niit of Thalirtrnin. 
 DC. 
 
 Thiilhiniin aneinoiioiili-^. Mirliaux. 1"1. 1). A., I., p. :V1-1, (1803.) DC"., Hyst. Nat., I., p. 18(). 
 Prodromus, I., p. 15. Hook., Fl. Hor.-Am., L, p. 4. Torr. & Gr., Fl. X. A., I., p. 30. Gray, 
 Gen. 111., I., p. 24. t. (!. Manual, cd. :.. p. 38. Cliapman, Fl. S. U. 8.. p. G. Watson, Bibl. 
 Index, I., p. 2-'). Macoun, Cat., No. l!l. 
 
 Anemone Ihdlidntidvs li. JJnn., Sp. PI., p. Tii-i. 
 
 Anemone thnlietroiJes. Ihgelow, Fl. T5ostoii, p. t'Ki. Pursh, Fl , II., p. 387. Aiton, 
 Hort. Kew. Bot. Mag., t.'866. Persoon, Synops. PI., II . p. !»8. Pursh, Fl., p. 387. 
 
 S//n(fesmon thalietroitles. Hoirmausegi!-, in Flora, l,'-i:!2. Intell. Blalt., j). .'>4. Lawson. 
 Kanunc. Can., p 31. 
 
 Anemnnelld /hd/irlroides. .Spach, Hisl. Veg., VII., p. 24<). (lS3!t.) 
 
 Canada —Aa//H, Miclmux. St. David's, Niagara Distri.t, Out. — /)/•. /'. II'. MdchiiXdn. 
 Oakland.s, Hamilton, Out., 31 ]\Iay, ISf)!'.— /w^/g'' Lo^ie. Vicinity of \iagara Falls and 
 Pelee Island, Lake ICrie. — Maeoiat. 
 
 [T. ruKPiRASCENS, Linndus. Attributed by Linna-us to '-Canada," in the Species 
 Plantarum, has not so far been satisfa<toriiy identified as a Ci>nadiai\ species, alt hou'-h 
 reported several times. It appears to be a southern plant, well known to Dr. (Iray, who 
 gives a full description of it in the Manual. iJth edition, p. :!!». 7'. dioiedm is fre([uently tinged 
 with purjile on the upper part of the stem, leafstalks, iS:c., and such forms have been mis- 
 taken in Canada for T. /nirpiirdsrms. It is very desirable that all suspicious forms of Thdlirlrn 
 .should be .ollected, esi)erially in tlie southern peninsula of Ontario, wlienct; Dr. Burgess 
 reports this species, but I have not had op])ortunity of examining his specimens.] 
 
 Genus III.-ANEMONE, Lhinaus. 
 
 Benlhara and Hooker, Genera Plantarum, 1, p. 4. 
 List of species : — 
 
 Section 1.— Involucre of three simple leaves close to the flower, resembling a calyx. 
 Hepalkn. Dillenius. Linn. DC. Gray. 
 
 1. A. Hepatica. j 2. A. acutiioba. 
 
 Seelion 2.— Involucre much divid<>d, distant from the flower ; achenes with lonir plunic- 
 iails. PiihdlMla. Tournefort. DC. 
 
 3- A. patens. . . I .|. A. occidentalis. 
 
r Npi'iiim-iis 
 al lociiliticN 
 I iiuTt'ly l)y 
 tains, about 
 
 coinpoiuid, 
 
 fivo or six 
 
 ^ Thai it/ mm, 
 
 I., I., p. 18(). 
 39. Gray, 
 alson, Bibl. 
 
 387. 
 
 Aitoii, 
 
 Lawsoii, 
 
 '. Mtichiixaii. 
 I Falls iind 
 
 the Sl)t'iit'> 
 's, allhoiiiih 
 
 (Jray, \vhi> 
 ■ntly tingfd 
 boon mi.s- 
 
 of llmliclm 
 )r. Ikiriross 
 s.l 
 
 tig a calyx 
 
 )ng pluiii' 
 
 ( 'AN A DI A .\ I i A N UN( !U r. AG !•: K. 
 
 £0 
 
 .">. 
 
 A. 
 
 HaldousiK. 
 
 t;. 
 
 A. 
 
 parviliora. 
 
 7. 
 
 A. 
 
 neraoiosa. 
 
 H. 
 
 A. 
 
 doltoidi.'a. 
 
 9. 
 
 A. 
 
 Riihardsoni 
 
 Serfton 3. — Involiuro moro or Iohm rcsi'inbling tho loavos, usually distant from tho 
 llovver. Athonia vitliout tails. 
 
 10. A. cylindrioa. 
 
 11. A. Vir<,'iiiiana. 
 
 12. A. diihotoma. 
 
 13. A. multilida. 
 
 14. A. narcissillora. 
 
 1.— AxE.MdVE HeiwtioA, Linmiiis. 
 
 Plant aculescont ; loavo.s numerous, all radical, (from a tul'tod rhizome), long-stalkod, 
 Luiiina of iLivc rounded obtuse lobos (sli^'htly ovorliippinjf) with cntin- marq'ins, the lateral 
 lobes occasionally bi-lobod. Flowers many from tho same root, on soparato stalks ; iuA'o- 
 liicrc throc-lcavc<l. so rlosi! to tho llowor as to resemble a true ralyx. Sepals six (in two 
 rows), varying' in numl)er to nini' (in three rows), potal-liko, elliptic-oblong-, those of tho 
 outer row altornaling with tho api)roximatin<^ involucral loavos, size and colour variable, 
 (white, rose, purple, blue). Stamens usually from oig-hteen to twenty-one. Carpels nor- 
 mally about twenty-soA'cn. There is an ap]>arent cinlo of hairs botwoi-n tho involucre 
 and tile outer row of sepals, similar to ihe pubosceiico of tlie rest of tho scape, but nothing 
 between tho sepals and stamens to represent petals, 'fho inner vertii il of sepals might 
 bo reganlod a.s petals wore it not for the numerous examples in this order of the absence 
 or abnormal form of petals. Loaves, and osi)ocially the petioles ai\d llower-stalks, also 
 tho external surface of the involucral leaves, covered, more or loss, witli silky pid)oscene , 
 which beeomos less conspicuous on tho lamina as the foliage matures, anu ultimately 
 disappears on its upper surface. At heues hairy, collapsing so as to become furrowed. 
 
 Anemone UeitoHni. Linn., Sp. PI., L, p. 758, (the European plant.) Michaux. Fl. B. 
 Am., L, ]). Hit. IJigflow, I'M. Boston, j). 1;].">. Lawson, Ivanunc. Can. p. 29. Wat.son 
 Lidex Bibl., L, p. 4. Maeonn, ("at., No. 17. Lloyds, Drugs and Mods. N. Am., p. 37, ligs., 
 13, 1(5, 17. 
 
 Ile/mlini fri/dhd. Chaix, in Vilhns, Hist, Tl., Dauphino, I., j). . '!;!(; (178t!). Pursh, Fl., 
 II., p. .'iiH. Nutlall. Elliott. IJarton. Hook., Fl. B.-A., L, p. 8. Torr. & Gr., Fl., L, p! 
 If), ('hai)nian. ({ray, Manual, ed. ">, p. 38. Provam-her. Fl. Can., i). 7. 
 
 //. irilr.ba, <i. foliortitn lohis ohtiisis. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Ani., I., p. 0. 
 
 H. Iriloba n. ohfiixa. Torr. & (h'., Fl. N. A., I., \y 1.5. 
 
 //. Irilohd /!■ Ameririunt, DC. Syst., Nat., I., p. 21G. 
 
 TL Americana. Kor, Bot. lieg., t. 387. DC. Prod. Don. Nutt. 
 
 Tlerba Trinitatis. Dalochamps, Hist. Gou. PI., 1274, f. 1, 2, (ann. ir)8t;). 
 
 Tri/o/inm Ilepniinim. Mentzolius, Index Noni. PI. Multilinguis, \^. 307, (1082). 
 
 Ilepalica. Gronovius, V\. Yirginica, p. 01, (1743). 
 
 Common in rich woods in central Ontario, in country bordering on tho lake and 
 river. Very abundant on wooded banks near the Grand Trunk Railway lino, between 
 Kingston City and Kingston Mills, (llowers of several <'olours). Ix>ngiK)int. on CSananociuo 
 
 River, one form with livo-lobed loavos infested by a ])arasitic fungus (Urodo), May, 1862. 
 
 Lawson. Very abundant in Caledon, June 1802. — Rev. (L L. Camenm. Mountainside west 
 of Hamilton, 0th April, 1800.— ./«<4'e Logic. Belleville, abundant in ri '■ woods. — Mucoiin. 
 
30 
 
 LAWSON: ItKVISlON OF TIIK 
 
 Uocky woodlai.ds west ol' IJioi kvillo, not ran'; and Ottawa, lot 0, ran',— W. 7ij7/*«>r.< yr. 
 I'cnflaiiguisli.'iic, Lakt' Ilunm, in llowi'r I'otli April. -('. ('. 'I'M. Ottawa (not ho coiii- 
 iiioii us A. timlilohn). — Maroiin. I'ctit Cap St. Joiichim.— /Voiv/w/if/-. From Lslf ofOrlninM, 
 westward, nitlicr nin' in Qu. •!)(■(■ I'roviiKc— /J/-////(/. St. Sl.'i>li.ii. X.I5., in II. May 10, 1H7!». 
 — Mr. rrooiii. Keswick Ifidiyi'. XIV -/ -/'/'«''»•. Windsor, N.S, ran-.- -/Vn/. //'>/'• Tictou, 
 N.S., very raro.— J //. MrKuf/. Ilridg.-wat.T, X.S.— «m /v Hall. Sitka.— /{<)//(/•<»/•. 
 
 In woods in tin- 1 cniral liiucstono trai-ls, tnmi < 'jiiada to lat.fVi". Mr. Druniniond found 
 it as far north as lat. "i") , in Iho st'dudi'd alpine \ ;illi'\s on the .•astern de< livity ol' the 
 Rorky Mountain ridtre. — llirhanhoii, in Hook., Kl. U.-.V. (Uoulit has heen expn'ssed 
 ref^arding llu' AV'innii>i'g and h'oi ky Mountain habitats, yei IJolhroek reports t ho plant 
 IVoni Sitka.) 
 
 Sir William Hooker stated (l''l. l{or.-,\ni.. I., j). !», 18.'{.'!) that there lould be no question 
 of the icb'iitity of the Anii'ri«an nnd !]uiopean individuals of this sjieiies, but, in view of 
 
 tile iihieased imp )rtMnre of s| iid\ iiiu: i nrejul Iv ili'' rel:iii(iiishi|)> of fnims that have 1 n 
 
 long ufeosfraphieally separated, it would be wurili w liili . wiieii opportunity oilers, to 
 compare carefully the American with the I'Inroiiean forms, especially in a state oi culti- 
 vaiion. which iniiihl jiossibl) throw more liuiit <>n ihcir relations ihaii we now |>ossess. 
 Menlzelius ( |t)Si') ehmiieijilcs douhlc-liow I'i c'l, wiiiie-llowered and red-llowered varieties ; 
 nuiny doul>le-llowcred varieiji's. oriyinaiin;^ from the European plant, have been long 
 in ( iiliivalion. I)e Candoil^' (Syst. Nal.) distinguished liic Anieiican plant from the 
 European one bv iis pilose pel jolcs iiiid scapes. In the .Ann-rican plani, also, tht^ sepals 
 appear lo 1)1' smaller in pro|>oriion to the si/e of the leallets of the involucre. 
 
 Mr. Millspauu'h (lUiUetin Torrey Itol. Club. XI , p, .'>.")) noijccs .some abnornuil indigi;- 
 m.us forms observed at Itinghamton, N.V. : (1.) I'lants with deep blue sepals with ti 
 white or liglit blue mara'in, all ab.sidulcly stamenless. {•!.) I'lants with pure white 
 ilowers, all of these having nine sepals, and resembling the Uowers ui A. /wmDrusu. 
 
 This spiH-ies extends to Florida, occurring there in shady woods, where however its 
 near ally, A. wntiloha, is not known. " llepaiicas are amonnst those (dants of which tho 
 seed will iu)i u'erminate if dried and stored, but which will ( ome up freely from the self- 
 sown seed, if tlu; coiulitions ari! favourable. After tiie llowering is over, the crown of tho 
 plant .should be sprinkled with fine peat soil, or some ecpiivalent, until the base of tho 
 leaf stalks is covered. Into this the setsds fall, aiul about tiic time that active growth 
 conunences in the parent plant in autumn, thi'y germiiuite. j)roducing a pair of loavos 
 nultaueously with the growth of the new leaves on the old i)lant. AVhen tho bvives 
 .■. fully developed, tho stn'dlings may bt* removed. Some llower th.- next year. They 
 ^en, -ally follow the colour of their pan-nt, though i>ink seedlings occasionally como from 
 blue plants. More seedlings conu) ui> amongst tho loaves than outside them." (Rev. 0. 
 AVolley Dod, Gard. Chn)., Fel). Kj. 1884.) 
 
 2.— Ane.mone acitiloha, Lawson. 
 
 Resembles tho pn'ccding ; the leaves are even mon- symmetrical in .shape, but tho 
 lobes or sogmeuts are elongated-tai)ering, gradually narrowed from below tlio middle to 
 an aouto point. Tho iiivolucral leaves and sepals aro also mon- or less acute. Flowers in 
 May. fcjo far as observed, intorniodiate forms do not occur. 
 
rANAt)IAN UANTTNcnriAdRK. 
 
 di 
 
 tii- 
 
 i«l 
 
 ••I 
 \\ 
 
 Anemom: anitilolm. LiiWNon, Ramiiir. (!uuiul., p. ;{(». WiitNoii, Jiihl, Index, I., p. :J. 
 MiK'ouu, Cat., No. 18. 
 
 IfitpiiHrii triln'oa viir. unitn. Piirsh, FI., p. 3!>1. ITook., V\ Bor.-Am., I., p. IK. Tdit. & 
 (ir., FI. N. A., I., p. ir,. 
 
 //. tribola li- foHoriim suiiinenlis anilis. Hook., 1*"1. Hor.-Am., I., p. !t, 
 
 H triloba ji. naitn. Torr. & Gr., FI. N. A., I., p. If.. 
 
 //. andilnh,,. Dd. Prod, I., j.. 22. (riiiv, (l.-ii., I., j) 22, t. 5. Manual, p. 88. 
 
 Anemone Ile/Ki/irn vav. neiiln. Uiti'cl., I''l. Itosf. cd. f., p. 13"). 
 
 This JH (tssfiitially ail Oiitaiiaii and Noitliciii Stalos six-cjos, lu'Iiiy scarce in the South 
 aiul Wost and quite unknown in I'luropc. 
 
 Lonupoint, (lananncpic liivcr. May 7, IHCl, iilmmliint; n.-ar Kiii<,r8toii Railway Depot, 
 2n<l May, IHtlH; I wo uiilcs w('.><l iVoiii Kiiiustoii Mill.s, 24tliMiiy, 1 «•">!•. —fv//rsv(//. Ciinidcn.— 
 JJr. I)iij)ias. Prcscdd, Uttawii, clc, loiiiuioii in woods.—/;. Hillings jr. Very al)uiidaiit in 
 dry woods, 15cll('viilc.—3/(/fww. Art'-ini-in Miiy 12— /,Vr. C. I. Ctimeron. I'oint L.'vi.s, 
 V.(l—Hritnrl. (.'oinmoii around Montrcid: abundant nboiit Ottawa — Mueonn. Northuni- 
 hcrlaufl Co., Out — Mwvnn. 
 
 The llcpaiica •> roup oi" ilMtfWfwe (yl. IJepiilinmnd A. (trnlilobn) i.s coniu'ctcd with IIk! 
 othta- si)crics ol' the genus, such as A. nemorom, through A. angulom, of Transylvania 
 DC. Syst. I., p. 217), lii,nircd in "aarteullorn,' t. 411), wliirli has a calyx-liko involucre 
 like the tru(^ llepnti. as, and in foliage and llo\vrs rcscnd)les /i. /!/«•/////////. A. angulosa 
 has an approximate involuc-e of Ihn-e leaves much smaller than the sepals, whi<'h arc 
 from (! to !» in numbei as in the Hcpaficas, that is, there arc two or three whorls. 
 
 a.— Ank.mone P.VI'KNS, Linnans. 
 
 "Whole plant covered with long silky hairs when young, Ir 'iig much of the hairiiu'ss 
 n.s the parts mature. Leaves radical, from a strong root-stock, long-petioled, teriiately 
 divided into narrow linear .seu-ments. Scape 1-ilowered. Flower large, appeariu"- before 
 the leave.s, involucre sessile, like the leaves, becoming distant from the llower by the elon- 
 gation of the upper pari of the stalk. Sepals .') (or more),-large, externally velvety with 
 short hairs. Carpels with long plumose tails. Flowers (.sepals) purplish, or of violet shades, 
 sometimes very ])ale. Petals are represented by a few very small jjrocesses like abortive- 
 stamens. Stamens numerous. The involucre, and that portion of the llower-stalk below 
 it, are densely villous, with loni;- silky hairs ; the upper portion of the stalk, which is very 
 short at first, becomes much elongated in fruit, and scarcely villous or nearly o-labrous. 
 The llower of the Siberian plant is white, according to Linuieus. A small form from Fort 
 Simpson, summer of 18.");!, (MvTuvish) has the involucre divided into linear, but rather 
 broad, segments, very sparingly villous, and the sepals an^ almost glabrous. 
 
 Anemone imlens. Linn., Sp. PI., ed. :!, p. 7')0. DC. Syst. Nat., L, p. 101. Kegel, FI. Ost.- 
 Sib., L, p. 20. Hook., FI. Bor. Am., 1., p. 4. Torr, & Gr., FI., I., p. 11. Gray, Manual, ed. 
 1,p. f). Itothr., FI. Alaska, p. 442. Provaucher, FI. Canad., p. G. Hook, f., Arctic PI., p. 
 
 283. 
 
 Clematis hirsulissinw. Pursh, FI., IP, '-> .']8'). DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 155. 
 A. Ludoviciana. Nutt., Gou., II, p. 20. 
 

 ' iii 
 
 m 
 
 LAWSOTs^: JIHVISION OP THR 
 
 A. Nnll(illiiiii(i. D(;. Sysl. Niil.. [., p. I'.i-!. Ui.l!:inl.soii. iii Ki-itiikl. .lour., p. 12. Nnttall, 
 Joiir. Aciitl. riiil., v., p. l'>i^. 
 
 Pithatiila Nii//alliana. " 8pmig. Sysl., J I, i>. liJiS." Gray, Miinuiil, od. 2, p. 4. 
 
 J. Jl<ircsce)is. " Zufc, iii Ivogonsburg Zciluii£;-. J., ]). 371." 
 
 /'. /xiffaa, It Wolfyansikna. Triuitv. iV Mover (oxc syii.), ai oordinu' to Kegel. 
 
 P. iMtena. CiViiy, (Jen.. I., p. IS, t. .!. PI. Feudl., p. 4. Linvsou, Trans. Bot. Soc, 
 Edin., X.. p. "Ud. Kiuiuiic Caiiad.. p. 2-J. 
 
 .1. /i((/cns, yaw N/iltiilliiiiiii. Grray, ]\I;mniil. cil. '). p. "(i. AVnfsoii. Bihl. Index, p. 5. 
 Maroiui, ('ill., J). 12. 
 
 I'lol'iuely in the easicni i)r;tirie district ; and inore sciiltercd in I lie central limoHlone 
 tracts, from lat. 4> to (i7 on the Mackenzie. — Richardson. Valleys m the Rocky Mountains. 
 — Dnimmond, J Jiiii'las. 
 
 Fort l{elinn.-e, C:'.' N. 109".— IF. /.'. Kin<-, (liiuk's E.xjx'd.) Cuniberlnnd House, alt. 
 900 feet, in (1. May 1st, 1S20 —Richardson, ("arlton House, hi*. 52' 51' ij., long. lOG 13' W., 
 on the eastern limits of the Saskatchewan prairie lands, elevation above the sea about 
 1,100 feet, April 22, 1827, iu [\.—Rich(irdso,i. 
 
 Fort Simpson, IS.')-'! ; between Fort Yomon and Lapierrt^ House, west side of Rocky 
 Mountains ; ^[ackenzii' Kiver, near I'ort Simpson, 8th .lune ; Fort (Jhipewyan, 4th and 
 l()th ]\I;iv. 18(11; F'ort Simpson, in ft.; Yukon River ; ou Anderson River and at Fort 
 Good Hope ; Rocky Mountains, Van Express Party, spring of 1854 ; Athabasca River, 31st 
 .Tuly, 1852. in [\.—McTavish. Lake Manit>)l)a, .Tune, .Tuly, 18(il, in ||. aiid ft. — Dr. Schullz. 
 Vjinosa Hills, 'Mh. .Tune. 188.3.— />/•. (1. M. Davsoii. Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba, .Tun(( 
 I«.th, \m\.—Macoun. Ahskn.—Ro!hroc/,: 
 
 This species extends to New Mexico. It is widely spread through the Russian 
 dominions of Northern Europe and Asia. Prof Macoun observes that it is abundant on 
 dry grav.'lly soil from the easiern maruin of the prairie region, through tiu^ Rocky 
 Mountain ■•. westward to the coast ranges. 
 
 Sir William Hooker, in I'M. Bor.-Ara., remarked: "There is no dillerence whatever 
 between this An-j-ricaii i)laiit and the A. /mfens which I possess from the Russian Empire, 
 and from Silesia on the bordi'rs of Poland. Both are liable to vary in the breadth of the 
 segmi'uis of their leaves, and in the colour of their liowers. Mostly, however, these are 
 piirple. The piili' yellow-llowered variety from Siberia is cultivated in ICngland. The 
 plant affects sandy soils, and its blossoms appear among the earliest of the season." On 
 May 25. ISB:}, I found it liloominu- briivhily ou dry knolls at the Crested Buttes, 
 Colorado, the jironnd covered with a few inches of snow that had fallen the niuht before, 
 but not deep enoiiu-h to bury the large liowers. The r(>cent tendency has been to reyard 
 our American i.lant as essentially distinct from the European. I am still doubtful by 
 what characters to sei)iirate it, and have, on that account, retained the Linnn-an name. It 
 is a variable plant in i:urope and Northern Asia. In the alli.'d A. HaJ/eri of Switzerland, 
 the divisions of the leaves and invduc.'re are proportionately inucn shorter, and the llower 
 rather larger. /'. vali^aris of EtU'ope has pinnatisect folia'^e. 
 
 li 
 
CANADIAN EANUNCULACE.E. 
 
 4. — Ankmone occidentalis, Watson. 
 
 "Moro or less silky-yilloiis ; stems stout, I to IJ feet high, l-floweved; radical leaves 
 large, long-petioled, biloruate and pinnate; the lateral primary divisions nearly sessile, the 
 segments itiniialilid wiih narrow laciniately-toolhcd lobes; involucval leaves similar, 
 nearly sessile, about tin; middle ol'thc stem; sepals G or *7, six to nine lines long, white or 
 purplish at base; receptacle conical, becoming mxich elongated, sometimes IJ in. long; 
 achenes linear-oblong, <lie tails at length IJ in. long, reflexed." Watson. 
 
 Mr. Waison points out (Proc. Am. Acad., 1870, Vol. XI., p. 1-21) that this spojic^ dif- 
 fers from A. al/)iiiii. of Europe and the Caucasus (with which it had been long conjoined) 
 in its more liucly aiul narrowly dissected leaves, which havj also the primary divisions 
 much more shortly p(»tiolulato, and in the lengthened receptacle (sometimes an inch and 
 a half long) which in the other is small and hemispherical (even in fruit). Sir William 
 Hooker describes Drumniond's specimens us from in. to Ih ft. high, flowers white, with 
 a purplish iingi; at the base, heads of pericarps very large, awns long, very silky. 
 
 A. orchlentalis. Yfatson, Troc. Am. Acad., XL, p. 121. Brewer & Wats., Bot. Calif., I., 
 p. 3. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 44;]. Mucouu, Cat., I., p. 11. 
 
 A. alinna. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I, p. 5 (excl. syn.) Torr. & Gr., Fl. I., p. 11. Hook, f., 
 Arct. ri, 28:5 and :M1, in part. Rothr., Fl. Ala.ska, 442. Not. of Linn., DC, Regel, &c. 
 
 Piilsalilla (tlpina. Lawson, lianunc. Canad., p. 23 (excl. European synonymy). 
 
 Eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 52' to 5')\—Dritmmond. Hitherto 
 unnoti.H'd as a native of America.— i/ooA-ec, Fl. Bor.-Am. (1833). Top of Rocky Mountains 
 and W. ^Summit, near Kootanie Pass, 2uih July, 1833. — Macouii. Mountains of Southern 
 British Columliia and Rocky Mountains, near the 40th parallel, at 6000 ft. altitude.— Dr. 
 G. M. Dawson. Kot/ebuc Sound.— O//*/. Bcerhei/, (Torr. & Cr.) Rothrock. Mount Shasta 
 and Lassen's Peak, California.— /I'mw iV Wntsoii. The indii'ation in "Botany of Cali- 
 fornii." of the (iulf of St. Lawicnce (if our Atlantic St. Lawrence be meant) is no doubt 
 an error. Mr. Watson suug.'sts (Bot. Calif) that the A. alinna of Arctic American collectors 
 is referable to 'his spe(>i(>s, and 1 have therefore assumed that the Kotzebue Sound plant 
 belongs here. A. occklanlalis had not been separated as a species in 18ti0, when Sir 
 .Tose])h Hooknr (I)istr. Arc PI., p. 311) observed that he had seen but one Ari'tic American 
 s])ecini.'ii of A. alinna, which was i.ivich stunted, and that it had not been found oast of 
 the Can. a^us in the Old World, though it is not uncommon in North America on both 
 sides of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 T). — Anemone Bai.TjENsis, Linnams. 
 
 Leaves nearh glabrous and somewhat fleshy, ternately divided into laciniate tripar- 
 tite segments, lobes linear obtuse; the involucral leaves like thv= others, and shortly 
 petiolate, multilid. Scape villous, 1-llowered. Sepals 8—10 (DC), 6—8 (Hook.), obloug- 
 suboval, ol)tuse, spreading, somewhat villous ext 'rnally, tinged with blue. The Mount 
 Bald a Anemone. 
 
 Soc. IV., 1884. 3. — —:— - - .----.,-^^,^-.-- -.^ 
 
 n 
 n 
 
34 
 
 LAWSON: RRVrSION OP THE 
 
 J 
 
 Ane). 'lie BuUkims. Linn. Mantissa, p. IS, DO. Syst. Nat., I, p. 208. Hook., Fl. Bor.- 
 Am., I, p. 5. Torr. cSc Gr., Fl. N. A., I, p. 12. Macoun, Cat. No. 8. 
 
 A. viultijidd. Watson, Bibl. Index, I, p. 4. 
 
 Arid places on the eastern summits of the Itoeky Mountains, hit. 52' to 55^ — T Drum- 
 mond, in Hook.. Fl. ]5or.-.\m. 
 
 This is a voll-known plant iu the Swiss Alps and other mountainous districts of con- 
 tinental l']uropo, but its American record is simply that qiaoted above from Hooker's Flora. 
 Its southern European range is not in favour of its occurrence on the Ilocky Mountains, 
 but 8ir William Hooker seems to have had no doubt whatever of the identity of Drum- 
 mond's spe-.imens with the European plant. "Watson refers them to muUiJida, and may ^e 
 correct, but I know not on wlvit ground. 
 
 1 : \ 
 
 __ \ ■ - G. — Anemone PABViFr.onA, Mkluwx. 
 
 Leaves roiinded tripartite, with cuneato, crenately lobed divisions. Involucre usually 
 near the middle of the stom. of 2 or 3 leaves, which are sessile or petioled. Flower solitary, 
 large, sepals 5, oval, white, or the outer surliu-C tinged with blue. Carpels iu a globose, 
 compact, woolly hiad. Plant variable in height, from a foot to 2 or 3 inches in the sub- 
 arctic specimens. In a specimen from the Yiikon River the involucre is close to the base, 
 and hid in the radical leaves, the naked flower-stalk six inchc. long. In Prof. ISl'icoun's 
 specimen from North Kootanie Pass, 188:j, the root leaves are almost reniform, only slightly 
 incised, not divided, involucre sessile, incisely dii'ided into broad lobes. Hooker, Torrey 
 and (Tra)^ and other botanists, give the number of sepals as C ; they are probably variable. 
 In all my specimen.^ ](! in number, in which they ean be counted, the number is 5, except 
 iu one monstrous ilower from York Factory, whi(^h has '.) ligulate sepals. 
 
 Anemone pitrrijiora. Michx , Fl. Bor.-Am., I, p. 319. DV. Syst., I, p. 200. Hook., Fl. 
 Bor.-Am.. I, p. 5. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I, p. 12. Hook, f., Arc't. PI., p. 283. " PI. Bour- 
 geau, 2o4." Gray, Manual. •') ed., p. 37. Lawsou, Ranunc. Canad., p. 23. Provancher, Fl. 
 Can., p. G. Wat,son. Bibl. Index, I, p. o. Macoun, Cat. No. *l. 
 
 A. cuncifoUa. .Tussieu, Ann. du Mus., Ill, t. 21,1'., 3. Persoon, Syuops. PI., II, p. 9Y. 
 Pursh, Fl., 11, p. 386. 
 
 A. teiiclla. lianks in Herb. (DC). 
 
 A. bomilh. Richardson in Frankl. 1st .Tour., ed. 2, App.. p. 21 (a small form). 
 
 A. sylveslris, (i. tilhn minor. 8chrank, PI. Labr., 28, (Watson). 
 
 Hudson Bay. — Mirlnin.r. Ivist coast of Hudson Bay. — Dr. 11. Hell. Eastern primi- 
 tive district, central limestone tract, barren grounds, an/". Rocky Mountains, from lat. 45' 
 to the Arctic Sen. lat. 10 .—Rirlinrdson, Driiiinnoiid, in Hook. Fl. B. A. Labrador. — Pursh, 
 il/(i(WOH.— Newfoundland.— i/(r/>. Banks, (DC.) liol/ebne i<o\\m\.~Rotlirork. Kootanie 
 Pass. Rocky Mountains.— D/-. G. M. Dawson. Ma^'dalen River. St. Anne River and 
 Shi( kshock Mountains. Gasjw, P.Q. ; Pic River, Lake Superior ; Bow River, near Morley, 
 N.W.'l. — Maionn. Ndvlh Kootanie Pass, 1S83. — Maniun. It iiecomes abundan\ northward 
 and extends to the Arctic Sea, 'at. W.—Hook. f. Labrador and Anticosti.— PwA. Anti- 
 costi, S.W. Point.— J. E. Verrill, 23rd July, 1801. Dartmouth River, Gaspe, found in fl. at 
 mouth of Lady's-steps Brook, June 23, 1862, and plentiful up the river.— 2)r. /. Bell. Tho 
 
CANADIAN KANUNUULaCE;K. 
 
 33 
 
 plant is not so rare in tho Northwest, judging from specimens received from Governor 
 McTavish, which are as follows : — Between Severn and Trout Lake, Juno ; Mackenzie 
 River, i!9th May, 18.52; Trout Lake, June; between Anderson lliver and Fort Good Hope ; 
 Fort Simpson, summer of 1853; west of llocky Mountains, between Lapierre House and 
 Fort Yukon ; Athabasca Eiver, 31st July, 1852 ; Yukon River ; York Factory. Lake 
 Superior, northward and westward. — Grai/. 
 
 t. — Anemone nemoeosa, Linnccus. 
 
 Radical leaf solitary, arising from a short, slender, horizontal rhizome, and composed 
 of thrt'o broad, cuneately lobed or slightly pinnatilid in<'isely-toothed leaflets. Flower 
 solitary, on a stem which is bare helow, but witli an involu"re lialf way up of three 
 stalked loaves divided like the root leaves, the leafb^ts iucisely toothed, the lateral ones 
 with larg«> basal lobes (mori! usually divide<l into separate leaflets (compound) in English, 
 Scotch and Ger>uan specimens, l)ut only deeply pinnatilid in our Americfu plant), ter- 
 minal leaflet of iiivolucn.l leaf slightly stalked, all *he lol)"s acuminate. Sepals 5 or 6, 
 elliptical. <>'labruus on ])oth sides (bright white, sometimes tinged with pink or purple). 
 Carpels few, o1)long, keeled, pubescent, with hooked beaks as long as the body of the 
 car])el. Plant sparingly hairy. The Wood Anemone. Aueuxone, or AVind Flower, of the 
 English poets. 
 
 Anemone iiemorom. Linn. Sp. IMautarum, p. t()2. Flora Danica, t. ")4y. DC. Syst.Nat., 
 I., p. 204. Prod., I., p. 20. Continental European and English Floras. Hook., Fl. Bor.- 
 Am., L, p. G. Terr. &Gray, Fl. N. Am., I., p. 12. Hook, f, Arct. PI., p. 283. " PI. Bourgeau, 
 254." Gray, Man., p. 38. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad., p. 27. Traill, Canad. Fl., p. 81, t. 10. 
 Biewer & Watson, Bot. Calif, I, p. 4. Watson, Bibl. Index, L, p. 5. Macoun, Cat. No. 9. 
 
 A. qHtnquefoUa. Linn. Sp. PL, p. '(ti2. ; 
 
 A.pih'Ui. Raf.-Schmaltz in Desv. Jour. Bot.. 1808, I., p. 230. DC. Syst. Nat., L, p. 
 214. Prod.. 1., p. 22. 
 
 A. lanrifolm Pursh, Fl. 11,, p. 380. DC. Syst, Nat. L, p. 20;'), Prod. L, p. 20, Torrey, 
 Compend., p, 223. 
 
 A. minima, DC. Syst. Nat., L, p. 200, appears to be a diminutive form f this species 
 from the Allaghanies. 
 
 WvfUMvi] \ei)ia)via. Theophrast. Hist., lib. G, c. 7 ; lib. 7, c. 8, ex. Spreng. Hist, Rei, 
 Herb,, L, p, 94, DC, 
 
 Canada, and thence to the south end of Lake Winnipeg ; not seen to the north of lat, 
 ^Z° —Rihardson. Country to the eastward of the Rocky Mountains.— D;-///«mo«rf, Westward 
 ol" the Rocky Mountains.— Z)(»/,i,'•^^^•. Woods in rear of Kingston, also neighbourhood of 
 Toronto, and other localities in Ontario, occasional, but not common.— iaw.sm. Common, 
 Port St. Francis, Q., iSiagara and Maiden, Ont— Br. P. W. Muduiran. Barlow's woods 
 east from Belleville, 0\ii.—M<woun. Gros Cap, June U.—Prof. Bell. Gaspe ; Du) vegan 
 (lat. 5G ), on Peace River; B.-itish Columbia; Vancouver Island.— Mm o«m. Dean or Salmon 
 River, British Columbia.— Z>?-. G. M. Dawson. Notuncximmon in New Brunswick.— Fow/er, 
 who has scut u specimen from iiass River, Kewt. Common at the Saguenay.— iVoyflwt/iw. 
 
86 
 
 LAWSON; EKV^ISION OF TllK 
 
 Middle Stowiaoke, N.S.— r?. G. Campbell. Newport, N.S.— /f. //. Bell. Mr. Baruston found 
 this plant common to the westward of Lake Snperior, along the frontier lino of the 
 United States, in ri-li alluvial soils. A form, characterized by Hooker as unusually haiiy, 
 was found by Iv. Kiu!>- at Lake of tlie "Wood* (Bisck'^ E.rped.) \n western Europe this 
 species is extremely common, and iicf^'el has it from various collectors in Kamtsdiatka, etc. 
 
 Of the British American specimens. Sir AVilliam Hooker observes : " l*^low^t>rs whit(>, 
 varying to purple, as in Europe, but the sepals are more constantly 5, and the li>aves, though 
 oeccasionally as broad as with us, are usually nan.iwer and disposed to be more com- 
 pound." This remark probably applies ratiier to the Northwest or Hudscm Bay forms 
 than to the Ontario ones. The plant varies much in the division of the foliage, size of 
 parts and other characters. In what may bo regarded as the well-developed typical form, 
 the leaves are trifoliate, terminal leaflet shortly piMiolulafi', rhoniboidally lanceolate, 
 incisely lobed and toothed in the upper Iialf, lateral leaflet:; nearly .sessile, very deeply 
 divided into two lobes, the lateral lob;' oblique, botli in<isely toothed in the upper part. 
 In specimens from Hudson Bay Territories (McTuvisli), and Dean or Salmon Uiver, B. C, {Dr. 
 G. M. .Diu/'sn»), 24tli Tunc, IsYY, the invohn'ral leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets sessile, 
 incisely toothed, not divided nor lobed. Specimens from Bleeker's Woods, near Belleville, 
 Out., (Mdcoiiii), have compact, hairy, involucral leaves, either of live closely sessile rhom- 
 boidal leaflets, or of three such leaflets, with the lateral ones very deeply lobed, all the 
 leaflets incisely toothed, the lobes acute, not acuminate nor spinose, sepals '>, broadly oval- 
 oblong. A form from Oaklands. near Hamilton, May .-11, ISoO, {.fioh^e Tjvj;ie), has the 
 radical and involucral leaves of 'i distinct leiflels and corresponds .o the A. quiinjite/'oliii, 
 Linn., 1. c. 
 
 In our Canadian plant, the upper part of the petiole appears to be generally more 
 hairy than in Europ;\an specimens, in whidi it is mostly nearly glabrous. 
 
 8. — Anejione dei.toide.v. Hooker. 
 
 Slightly hairy, radical leaves long-petioled, from a filiform rhizome, ternate, leafiets 
 (and the three sessile involucral leaves), l)roadly oviil, sul)delt(tid, or rii()m1)oid, more or 
 less d.'ciily trild, acute, witli a tc\v incisions at the tips. SiMipe erect, slcnd<'r,S-12 inches, 
 with rougliish liairs. Flower solitary (as larg(! as that of .1. (/khotoma), iin inch across. 
 Sepals .5-G, wliite, oval or obovato, obi use, spreading, nearly glabroiis. 
 
 A. (kl/oifhi. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Ami'r. I., p. 6, t. 3. A. (Scape with involucre and llower.) 
 Torr. & Or., Fl., I., p. ]:{. Brewer &Watson, Bot. Calif Mncoun, Cat., No. 10. 
 
 In thick shady woods of the; (,'oluml)i;i, near its conliuenee with the sea.— D^/z^-te, 
 Scoukr, Niiltall. 
 
 Salmon River, near Salmon House, Coast Range, British Columbia, 10th July, 1870.— 
 Dr G. M. Dawson, in Herb. Canad. Survey. 
 
 9. — Anemone RiCH.\nDsoNi, Hooker. 
 
 Plant with long trailing runnors, rooting and giving off single, trifidly or pinnati- 
 fidly cut, petiolate leaves; peduncles naked below, with an involucre at the middle, of 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACE.V:. 
 
 87 
 
 three triadly-cut lofiflots. Sopals 6, spreading. "Whole plant with a slight, but somewhat 
 rough, pubescence. Carpels not numerous, compressed, glabrous, with very long deflexed 
 uncinate beaks. 
 
 Anemone Richilnkoni. Hooker, in I'ranklin's 1st Journal, ed. 2, App., p. 21. Fl. Bor.- 
 Am., I., p. 0, tab. 4, lig. A. Torr. & Gray, FL N. A., I., p. 13. Hook, f., Arct. Fl., p. 28:3 
 and p. oil. Lawscn, llanunc. Canad., p. 20. Watson, l]ibl. Index, I, p. (J. Macouu, 
 Cat., No. 11. 
 
 A. ranuimiloides, var ? Rirlumlson, in Franklin's 1st Journal, ed. 1, App., p. t40. 
 
 A. air/im. Fischer MSS. (Hooker.) 
 
 A. VdhJii. Horuemann, l-'lora Danica, )>. 1;], t. 21'7t'>, a(>cording to Lauge, {Iloo/e. f.) 
 
 ]']astern primitive district, .shores of Hudson Bay ; barren ground, liocky Mountain.s, 
 from OiV to tl8', in wet mossy <xrom\d.~-Itirliar(/soi/, Dnimmo/i(/. Uiialaschka and through- 
 out all Liberia. — Dr. Fischer, (lloohrr.) Churchill, 3rd Jnly, 18 VS, and York Factory. — 
 MrTavMi. York Factory, August l.-)ih, 18t)8.— J)/-. Bell. Pethemich Island, Great Slave 
 Lake, 27th June, If^'i.^.—Cn/ittim Rae. Koi ■/..'■] )\u\ .Sound and Yukon lliver. — Rnlhroclc. 
 Greenland. — Hook. f. 
 
 Captain liae's specimens are smoothish, and there is an old pencil menioraiulu?n ideu- 
 til'ying them with "a form gathered by Drummoud in 1843, Chippewa," the specimens of 
 wliick T iiad probably seen in the I-ldinburgli IIcr])arium. 
 
 Sir \rm. Hooker observes that i\w ripe fruit is highly curious ; the numerous long 
 slender styles, all bent downwards, have tht^ appearance of a very coarse and shaggy head 
 of hair; under the micros ope, the points are seen to Ije rolled up or uncinate in the dry 
 state, only slightly curved when moist. 
 
 10. — Ankmonk c!Vj,indhi('a, a. Gnu/. 
 
 Leaves ternately divided into cuneate segments, ciit and toothed. Peduncles .several, 
 very long and naked above, all arising from an involucre of stalked ternately divided 
 lea^ es. Sepals f), obtuse, greenish white. Carpels in a long n/liintrirnl head. Plant 1 or 2 
 I'eet high, shorter, more silky in foliage than the next, with more slender wiry stems and 
 more finely divided leaves, the in iloresceiice less branched, with fewer involucels. Prof. 
 Gray, the author of this species, observes that it often ilowers after the manner of A. 
 Virtiiniiina, developing involucels and stn-ondary peduncles, and that the leaves of the 
 involucre are twice or thrice as many as the ilower stalks. 
 
 Anemone riiUndrka. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y., HI, p. 221. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I, p. 13. 
 Torr., Fl. N. Y. S., I, p. 8. Gray, Fl. Fendler., p. 4. Manual, p. 3Y. Law.son, Eanunc. 
 Canad., p. 2'). Watson, Bil)!. Iiulex, I, p. 3. Macoun, Cat. No. 12. Lawson, Proc. Inst. 
 Nat. Sc. Nova Scotia, VI, lit. 1, p. '73. 
 
 N(!ar Belleville, also Mr. DuiPs farm, King.stc: August 8, 18G1 ; Pittsburg, September 
 fi, 18(11; Delta, 1st July, 18G2; also Kingston Mills, — all in Province of Ontario. — Lnvsnn. 
 Trail to Red lliver, 1800, and between Snake Hill and Pembina. 18t;2.— i)/-. Srluillz. 
 Belleville, common on sandy hills. — M.conn. Township of Durham. — Brnnet. Ottawa. 
 — Flehher. Extends south to Santa Fee, New Mexico. — VI. Fendl. 
 
 Grown by Mr. P. Jack at Bellahill, Halifax Co., from seeds collected by Mr. Howard 
 Stokes in the Pembina Mountain disitrici, summer of 1880. 
 
38 
 
 LAWSON: ItKVlSION OV TIIH 
 
 11.— Anemone Viuoiniana, Liiimus. 
 
 Leaves tornately dividi'd into acuminate* 3-tl('ft iucisoly scrratod segrai'nts, or leaflets, 
 redunclcs several, very loiijr, all arising from an involntre of -2 or 3 petioled ternately 
 divided leavt's, the primary or terminal peduncle naked, the secondary ones with 2-leaved 
 involucels, whence arise other lateral i)eduncics. "iving the plant a branched character. 
 Sejtals i), greenish jellow or white. Carpels in ai ava/ cr oblong head, soft with white or 
 tawny wool. Tlant 2 or :{ feet high, hairy. Th<' large heads of (nirpels and stalked leaA'es 
 of the involucre distinguish this species from A. dirliofomn. 
 
 A. rirg-iiiidtid, Linn.Sp 1'].. p. T<>1 . Ailoii, Ilort. Kewensis. Michaux, Fl. B. A., I., p. 
 :5i>0. Tersoon. Synops. PL. II.. p. !'". Pursh. VI., p. ;i88. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 208. 
 Prod.. I., p. -21. Hook.. Fl. r.or.-Am., I., p. 7. t. 4. liii'. I!. Torr. iSc Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. \H. 
 Torr.. Fl. N. Y., I., p. 8. Chapman, l-'i. S. U. S.. p. .">. '• I'l. llourgeau, 2:)4." Gray, 
 Manual. Wood, Cl. I5k. \' Fl., p. 2(1.!. Lawson, Ranunc Canad., p. 2.'). Watson., IJihl. 
 Index. I., p. G. Macoun. Cat. >fo. 1?!. 
 
 A. hUfiiUi. Ma3nch, Mcth. I'l. Ilort. Mav)>un'-., p. in.'). (17'.'4.) 
 
 Aiismone Vii<j;iiiiiin(i. Hi-rmaini, Paradisus IJatavus. (anno lti!t«). Toxirnefort, Inst. 
 ]{ei Hcrl)., I., i>. 277. 
 
 Anemone cnnle rninoso /id'ilis litiiceolalis. (r'oufivius. l-'l. Virginiea. p. Kio. (17:50.) 
 
 Aneiiioiif. Ciiniliiiiiiiiii lloiTjtnrro rirexcenle. Plukenett, Almagestum, p. tiO. (17!Mi.) 
 
 Jacket River, .New l>runs\vick. 1HX2; Falls of Niaizara. Out., Sept., 18.")8; Kingston, 
 '.Mh .\uirusi. istil: on the Humher. near Toronto. 4ih June, 1S(;2. — I^iwsdii. Common on 
 plains at Castleton; rare around l!i'llevillc. — Maroitn. Montreal, St. Catharines and 
 Maiden.—/),-. P. \V. Machisau. Dartmouth Iliver, Gaspe, July o, 18()2.— D/-. Bell. Carrol's 
 Point. East Flamhoro', 7th July, 18r)!i. — Logt'e. Rocky woodlands Mear Hrockville; also 
 Prescolt northward to Ottawa, rather rare. — li. Billings jr. lietween Snake Hill River 
 and Pemhina. Auiiust. isdO. — Dr. Srludtz. St. Joachim. — Provuncher. Mr. P>arnstou 
 speaks of this six-cies as, in I lie West, rarer than -1. ilirhotomn. and scarcely reaching the 
 Rocky Mountains. It extends south to South Carolina. — T. ^- G. Central limestone tract, 
 and eastern juMirie lands, as fir north as lat. ">.') , spreadinu' more widely in Canada than 
 fo the northward; on rich hanks of rivers.— i{/t7((/;v/.v(w, Dnimmoml in Hook., Fl. 15.-A. 
 Mouth of Upsalquitch River, Grand Falls of St. John, X.15.— Fojc/tr. Madeline River, 
 Gaspe ; Fort William ; j)lains to Rocky Mountains. — Muconn. 
 
 12. — Ank.MONE U1C1I<:)T0MA, Linmcus. 
 
 L.'iives deeply cleft or divided into from T) to 7 leallets, which are cuneale, iucised- 
 loothed. Flowers several, primary jieduncle with a general involucre of three sessile 
 leaves, the lateral .stalks with two-leaved involucels, &c. Flowt'r 1?, inch broad, sepals 
 obovate, white. Carpels in a hemispherical head, ilat, orbicular, hairy. A handsome 
 free-growiiiu' plant. 
 
 Anemone >/irholomii. I>inn. Anuen. Acad., I., p. IT),!, (1749). Sp. PI. ed. 3, T., p. 762. 
 Alton f, Tloit. Kew., ed. 2, III., p. :!;!-.!. Pursh, Fl., p. 387. DC. Syst. Nat, I., p. 210. 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACB.'R. 
 
 39 
 
 Prodroraiis, I., p. 21. Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur., p. 18. Rogel in RadJe's Hoisen, I., p. 
 17. Lawson, Trans. Bot. Soc Ediu., X., p. 346. llaminc. Caiiad., p. 24. Watson, Bibl. 
 Indox, I., p. 3. Maooiui, Cat., No. 14. 
 
 A. Pennsi/Ininiirt. Linn. Mant. II., p. 247 (1767). Alton, Hort. Kew., ed. 1, II., p. 256. 
 PurHh. F\., p. 387. DC. 8yst. Nat., I., p. 209. Prodroiiiu.s, I., p. 21. Ri(hard.s*)n in 
 Fnuiklin's .Tour., 13. Torroy, Flora NfW York Stato, I., p. IS), t. 4. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Ain.. 
 I., p. 8, t. 3, f. B. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 14. Gray, Gen. Ill, I., p. 20, t. 4. Manual, 
 5 I'd., p. 37. "PI. Bourgoau, 2')4." Matthew, Canad. Natiirali.^t, sor. 2, XII., p. Tr)8. 
 
 A. Cmmdeiim. "Linn. Syst., t-d. 12, III., App. 231." 
 
 A. irregularis. "Lam. Diet., I., p. 107." 
 
 A. aco/iU>^.>Iia. Michaiix, Fl., L, p. 320. Per-soon, Synops., II., p. 07. 
 
 Linnajus described as two species, A. didwtoma, European, in 1740, and A. Pennni/I- 
 vunira in 1767, for which latter the only habitat given was " Canada." De t'andolle pointed 
 out that the American Pennxi/lvanica was similar to the European flirhofoma, biit more slender. 
 Hooker found Dahurian specimens to " entirely ac(;ord with the American ones," but in 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. retained the name Penmijlvniiicn. 
 
 In woody and prairie tracts by the banks of rivers, from Hudson Bay to the Pacific, 
 and from the United States to near the mouth of the Mackenzie River; not found in the 
 barren grounds. — Rididrihon, DrnmmoHd, Douglas. Lake Winnipeg and Slave Lake. — R. 
 King, Back's Exi)ed. Head of Lake Winnipeg, 1870. — Prof. Bell. 
 
 Hardwood Creek, 1S61, also Portsmouth, and elsewhere about Kingston, Ontario, 
 .Tune 4, 1859; Frankvillc, Kitley, 5th July, 1862; near Toronto, 2nd .Tune, 1862. — Lawson. 
 Carroll Point, Hamilton, 7th July. 1850. — Jmlge Logie. Prescott, Ottawa, ike, common 
 over the country. — B. Billings Jr. Lake Superior. — Prof. Bell. Chippawa and Maiden. Ont. 
 — Dr. Mnclagan. Belleville, common amongst rocks along riv(>rs. — Maconn. Gaspe, bank.s 
 of Dartmouth River, June 17, July 5.— Dr. ./. Bell. Anticosti, July 18, 1861.— rem'//. 
 From the Northwest, I have received specimens as follows, viz. : From Gorernor Mc- 
 Tauish : Mackenzie River, above Fort Simpson, 22nd .Tune ; Saskatchewan, 19th .Tuly ; 
 Lake Nipigon, 1853 (sepals silky) ; Mackenzie River, between Fort Simpson and Slave 
 Lake, 21st June, '853. Lake Superior. Vroxn Dr. Scliidlz : speciukcns from Fort Garry, 
 July and August, 1860 ; between Wild Rice River and Red Lake River, Sept. 1860; Assi- 
 niboine River, July, 1861, sp. No. 62. Lake Winnipeg and Slave Lako.—Capf. Back. 
 Provancher, seems to find the plant rather rare in Quebec Province. Truro, N. S. — Dr. 
 CavipheU. Along the St. John River and tril)uiaries. — Foirler. .Jacket River. — Latoson. 
 Gaspe; valleys of the Rocky Mounlains. — Maroini. Restigouche. — Mr. Chalmers, Fowler's 
 List. Jupiter River, Anticosti, Aug. 28, 1883. — Macoiin, in Herb. Canad. Survey. In the 
 States it is confined in range to '• Wc.4 New England to Illinois and north westward'' 
 (dray), whilst in British America it is wid<'ly spread, extending from the Atlantic Coast 
 west to the Pacific, and norllnvards nearly or quite to the Arctic Ocean. Mr. Barnston 
 indicates its range thus: Throughout the extent of the British Territory eastward of 
 the Rocky Mountains, and even westward, though less plentifully. 
 
 Cultivated in England in 1768, by Mr. Ph. Miller, flowering in May and June. Mill., 
 Diet., ed. 8., n. 7, (Hort. Kew. ed. 2). 
 
40 
 
 LAVVSOX: 15KVIS10N OK THR 
 
 l;!. — Ankmonk iMi'i/riKiDA, Foiret. 
 
 Loavos tornntoly divided info cuneilbrm segments cleft into linear lobes. Flower 
 arisinu' from a primary involucre, which consisis of 2 or 3 short-istalked loaves, with 1 i>r 
 2 ilowers from sccoiidiiry invohiccls. Sepals from .'> lo 8. oval-ol)tuse, half an inch lony, 
 red, y( How, or white. Carpels in a spherical or oval, very woolly, head. Plant from tu 
 12 inches hiii'h. 
 
 Anemone miillijiihi. Foiret in Encycl. Metli., Suppl., I., p. r>l54. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 
 200. Trod., I., p. 20. Hook., Fl. l?or.-.Vm., I„ ]). 7. Torrey, Fi. N. Y.. I., p. 0, t. 2. Gray, 
 Manual, .'i ed., p. o7. Matthew, Oanad. Nat., XII, p. laS. Lawson, lianune. Canad., p. 
 24. Brewer &; Watson, Bot. Calif, I., p. 4. 
 
 A Commermniami. DC. in Deless. Icon., I., p. 4, t. 17. Don, Mill, I., p. 10. 
 
 A. Tlmhoniam. T{i<'hards()n in Frankl. Jour., ]>. 1-5. Torr. it Gr.. Fl. N. A., I., p. 1'] 
 and Supp., p. ()')8. 
 
 A. nairissijlorn. 'Hook. & Am. Bot. Beeehoy, 121,'" (Watson). 
 
 A. hiiho'-m. Gay, Fl. Chil. (Walpers. Ann., I., 0.) 
 
 Gulf ol' the St. Lawrence. — GoliUc. From the shores of Hudson Bay to the western 
 declivity of the liocky Mountains, and from the United Stati's to near the shore.s of th(> 
 Arctic Sea. common. — Rirlidnlnoii, DnimmoiDL West side of tlie Koeky Mountains, near 
 the sonrccs of I he Columl)ia.— Z)()//i,'7(^v, Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. Ilndson Bay. — Herb. Ban />s, 
 (DC.) — Dr. Ji. Bell, tide Macouu. Lake Wiimipeo-. — R, Kiiif::, Back's Expod. On gravelly 
 banks and river sliinnlcs. Dartmouth Uiver. (raspe, June :!(), 18G2. — Dr. John Bell. Fort 
 Garry, July, ISt'.l.— 2)/-. iichiiltz. Sp. No. 188. The following are from Governor McTavhh :~ 
 Fort Simpson, June, 1800; Nipigon, 18.J2 ; Slave Lake, 2i)th Juno ; Yukon River, adjoin- 
 ing Eussian Territory, near Arctic Circle ; Slave Lake, June, 1800 ; Mackenzie Uiver, al)Ove 
 Fort Simpson. June 20. The lust mentioned specinu-n is a luxuriant form, relerable no 
 doubt io (i. J liiihiwhuKi, wh'u-h is ai)p;u'cntly not a permanent variely^ Kiver St. John 
 above Frtnlericton : Grand VnWs.— Fowler. Gaspe ; Uiko Superior ; Lake of the Woods ; 
 across the great plains a. d northwardly by Peace River to British Columbia ; Rapid City, 
 Manitobn.— J/W(ww. Also Jupiter River, Anticosti, 28th August, 1883; Pic River, L. 
 Superior, Mist July, iHiMK—Mwoiin. in Herb. Canad. Suivey. Columbia Valley, B.C., 8th 
 July. ls8o.— D/-. (/. M. Dnii'Mti, in Herb. Canad. Survey. Watertown, New York State, 
 and on the .south shore of Lake Superior. Douglas collected it near the sources of the 
 Columbia, on the west .side of the Rocky Mounlains. It likewise grows nt Conception in 
 Chili, on the Chilian Andes, and at the Straits of Magellan. 
 
 14.— Anemone N.\u(!issiKr,oR.\, Llnmnm. 
 
 Whole idant more or less villous. Leaves palmately divided into cuncato segments, 
 incisely <leit, lobes linear, acute. Ptitiole bi>aring an umbel of several or (in var. monnnlhn 
 DC.) one or two short-st.nlked white il'.wers. Involucrnl leaves se.ssile, 3 to 5, cleft. 
 Specimens from the mountains of Southern Europe are less hairy than our American 
 plant. 
 
 Anemone mfcisdflora. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 70.!. Bot. Mag. t. 1120. Pursh., Fl. 11. p. 
 
OANA T)I A N RANUNrU FiACKK. 
 
 41 
 
 :]87. \)C. Syst. Nat. I, p. 212. I'lod. I, p. 2^. Hook., Vl ]{or.-Am.. I, j). 8. Torr, & Gr., 
 F)., I, p. 14. Wood, VI ]\k. & Kl., j). 20;i La\v«on, Ilaiinuc Cniiad., p. :50. Watson, liibl. 
 Index, I. p. 4. Matoun, ('at. No. 16. 
 
 A. ihihio. It.'llnnli, App. Fl. I't'dt-m., p. 2:!2, t. 7. 
 
 A. iimhelldtii. \A\n\., Fl. Fr.. not Willd. DO. 
 
 A. fdsciiNldtd. I Ann. Si). IM., I, p. 7t5;$. 
 
 North Wosl coast of Anicrira. — Meiizies. Unalaschka. — Nelson. Kotzt-lmo So«nd. — 
 Hai/ iV ('i>//ii\ in ('apt. Hct'choy's collcrtion, spwimons l-llowcivd. — Iloolar. Alaska. — 7i(i//i- 
 ror/,: Alpini- region of the Rocky Mountains bi'twcfu lat. 3!» and 41. — Parr//, Hull tV 
 Harbour. ' ('anadl^" yivfU lor this species by Pursh, has not been conlirmcd. Xowl'oiuid- 
 land has been more recently cited by Mr. H. Kecks, who visited that country as an 
 ornitholosris' in 18t>(i-(i8, and seems to have made an interesting collection of i)lants. See 
 London Jour. l?ot., IX, p. 10. It is doubtful, however, whether the plant has ever been 
 found in Anu'rica east of the Rocky Mountains. Sir Joseph Hooker's Arctii- tablo shows 
 its range over the Northern hemisphttre as follows: — European Alps; Asia to Altai, &i'. ; 
 Ea«teru Asia; Arctic America; N. W. America. (Tab. Arct. PL, p. 283.) 
 
 Genus IV.— MYOSURUS, Lintueus. 
 llentham and Hooker, Genera' riantarum, I. p. 5. 
 
 List of species : — 
 1. M. minimus. 
 
 2. M. aristatus. 
 
 l',^ 
 
 1. — Myosurus minimus, Linnmts. 
 
 An annual glabrous or slightly hairy herb, with a tuft of linear leaves and 1-flowcred 
 naked scape, 3 or 4 inches high. Keceptade slender, cylindrical, elongating by growth 
 as the carpels (achenos) nuiture, the latter numerous, oblong, blunt, arranged upon it as 
 an axis, so that it reseml)los a spike. The elongated receptacle is 1 to 2 inches in length, 
 varying with the vigour of the plant, and nsually about half as long as the peduncle. 
 
 Mynmrm vwiimm. Linn. Sp. PI., p. 407. D(\ Syst. Nat. I, p. 230. Smith, Bab., Hook., 
 &c. Torr. cSc Gr., Fl. N, A., I, p. 25. Gray, Manual, p. 44. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., p. <i. 
 Lawson, Itanunc. Canad., p. 43. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 15. Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif, 
 2 ed., L P- 5. Macoun, Cat., No. 25. 
 
 M. Shorlii. Ilaf in Am. Jour. Sc, I, p. 370. DC. Prod., I p. 25. 
 
 Ferry Point, opposite Belleville. Ont., 24th May, 1865 : Vancouver Island, B.C., 7th 
 May, 1Sln.--M(iro>m, in Herb. Canad. Survey. Tsi Tsutl Mountains, British Columbia, 
 19th July, 1876.— 1)/-. G. M. Ddirson, in Herb. Caiuid. Survey. Belleville, Out., rocky 
 pastures west oi Albert College ; arid spots north of Cypicss Hills, N.W.T. ; near Victoria, 
 Vancouver Island, B.V.—Mamiin. Near Short Creek, Souris Kiver, N.W.T.— Dr. G. 31. 
 Dawson. 
 
 Found in Illinois, Kentucky, Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oregon, California (wet 
 
 Sec. IV., 1884. (i. 
 
42 
 
 LAWSON: lU^VIHION OF TIIK 
 
 places ill SiUMiiiiu'iilo ValU'y, Uurlii'fj:; ; alktiliiu' soil lunir Livcniioii! I'n.ss, limrn); uIm) in 
 Asiii, iiiid ill KuvoiM" I'lom Monlpcllifr to St. r.N'islmrsr, in IIi'IiIn ^^ul»j.•t■t to Nlmnlinn- 
 water in winttT; in Eiiiiland in "damp phucs in liddH," (Hal).) '' Coinlirlds, ini-adows 
 and piistuics in a "ravclly soil ; tin- whole plant is acrid." — WUhriii'j;. 
 
 In the plant from Tsi Tsutl Mountains, the reeeptai-le is only ouo-iifth of the length 
 of the ])edunrle, and the Yiiiieonver Island sptrimons are of the same form with elonirated 
 peduncle. 
 
 Dr. Parry, in describin!>- the North Anieritan Pcsert Floni, helween '-Vl and 42 North 
 latitude (Journal of IJotany, VIH , p. 'if.'J-"), gives this as the only lianunculaceous plant of 
 these desert traits. The annual desert plants, whose period of growth is .strictly conlined 
 to a .short and uncertain period of s]>ring or fall rains, reiiuire for their continued preser- 
 vation a safe deposit for their usually minute seeds during the jirolonged dry season, a 
 condition wliirh is. in great measure, supplied l>y the porous, sandy and gravelly soil into 
 wliicli they fall and are safely buried, not only out of the reach of climatic influences, l)ul 
 also safe from the destruction of animals. Their growth is rapid and evanescent. In 
 strong contrast to the.se are the perennial plants witii their thick rhizomes or tuberous or 
 taproots, whose stores enable them to resist prolonged drought, whilst the stems and 
 foliage of others are specially modified to check evaporation. Such modilications of plants 
 adapting them to resist rigorous climatic conditions are also well seen on th(^ western 
 prairies and on tlio mesa or tal)le-land around the peaks of the liocky Mountains of the 
 South. 
 
 The Rdniniculiicetc, essentially moisture-loving plants, abound in the northern and 
 Arctic regions, and ai all eie\ aiion.'^ on ilie iiiuiiiiliUns of the northern hemisi)liere whore 
 there is moisture and sullicient summer heat for llowering plants. The perennial si>ecie8 
 disappear on the desert, on the dry prairies, and on the driest parts of the mesa, where 
 herbaceous plants have either to give up the habit of forming thin leaf-organs or to 
 develop enormous rhizomes or roots to enable them to resist the unmitigated drought. 
 
 2. — Myosurus AniSTATUe!, Benlhtim. 
 
 Resembling the preceding species in habit, small size, and general aspect, the leaves 
 narrowly linear, flower stalk 2 inches or more in length; receptacle in fruit oblong or 
 linear, 2 to 8 lines long; Jrd the length of the stalk; achenes i)rorainently beaked, the 
 beak n(>aily as long as the achene. Specimens from Yancouvcn- Island are three or four 
 inches higli, nearly as large as M. minimits, but the receptacle is more slender. The 
 beaked-achones form the prominent character of the species. 
 
 MyoMirm nrntatiis. IJentham, I^nd. .Tour. Bot., VI., p. 408. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 
 If). Brewer k AVatson. Bot. Calif, ed. 2, I., p. T). Macoun, Cat., No. 2t3. 
 
 31. (ipclalm. Gay, Hist. Cliil., Bot., I., p 5]!, t. 1, f 1. Baillon. Hist. I'l., I., p. 4.'!. 
 
 Arid soil, Spence's Bridge, B.C., 1!)th May, IS?:, ; muddy places and on shingle, 
 Vancouver Island, B.C., 'Ith May, 187.3: also Lyilon, 1 *..('., May 18th, 187').— .¥«(W/m in 
 ITerl). Canad. Survey. Arid .soil west of the I'^lbow of the South Saskatchewan, 187il; 
 near Ifeed Lake. hit. 50 :!0' N. ; long. 107 20' \\ .—Monwn in Cat. In the slwide of sage- 
 brush, Carson and Sierra Valleys (California) to Utah ; also Chili.— .B. Sf W. 
 
(!ANAI>IAN ItANUNOUJiACK/K. 
 Gkntts v.— TltAUTVKTTElUA, Vwher ^ Meifn. 
 
 48 
 
 Kisrlici- aii<l Miytr. Iiulrx S. "in., 18.1'), p. 22. I5i"iitham and Ilookur, (i.'Uiini I'liiiita- 
 lum, I., p. T). 
 
 1.— Tkahtvkttkria nn.vNDis, NutlaV. 
 
 Stoui 2 lo ;> fi'i't hii^Ii. TiOavos aUcriiatf, '!-", dislant, the lower loiijj-slnlkcd thi^ 
 uppi-r slioil-slalkt'd or scssilf, Uiiii, momljninoiis. piiliuati-ly lohcd, Iho lobi\s acuminata, 
 toutlicd. pulx'si't'iit Ix'low. Hit* vi'iiis sran-fly ]H()iiiiiii'iif. Flowers in ;t uoiirly simple, 
 i(ivyinl)()Ke eyino. Ciupels in a roundish iiead, l)eaki(l. 
 
 Tmutviitcrin Linui'fis. Nullall in Torr. iV dr.. l*'!. X. Am., I., p. .'!7. Walpers, l{ep. 
 I., p. CO, Torrey. \U. Wilk.s. p. Jl.!. T.ivwr iSf AVatson, Hot. Calif., ed. J. J.. !>. 42.'). 
 
 Aclitd polmiilii. Hook., l''l. l>or.-.\m.. I., p. 2i! (exd. syn.) 
 
 Tnuilrrtln-iii /ui/iiKt/d, var. iiccitlcutd/is. (J ray, Proc. Am. Aead., Vlll., p. ii72. Wulsou, 
 l!il.l. Index. I., ].. 27. Ma<'oun, Cat, No. 72. 
 
 Art(rii <rr(itii/i!i. Kietr. Syn., .'{., p. 288. 
 
 Novtliwesl cuast of America.- -iTfi"wc/w in Iferl), Hooker, /•'/. Bor.-Am. h'iih woods on 
 thi- Lower l'"ri;srr iiiver. Itritisii Columhia: u sini^le s[)e(inien, 1872. — iV/w(W« in Herb. 
 I'anad. Survey, On Mill Creek, IMumas County, California and in Oroafon. — Bot. Calif. 
 
 Mr. Watson (d)serves that tlie 7'. imlmala of the Atlantie States (of which this hns 
 l)een hitherto nmslly re!j:ar<led as a variety) has more eoriaeeous stroi-.yly veined leaves, 
 the eanline sessile, and the larger adieiies (2 liin's lony or more) oblong-obovate, aente at 
 ba.se, and abruptly beaked by the short style ; he also remarks that the Japanese form 
 has a narrowly ovate aehene, more attenuate \ipward into the straiyhtish style. 
 
 i 
 
 Genus VI.— 1?ANUNCULUS, Linncem. 
 ISentham and Hooker, Genera I'lantarum, I., p. 5. 
 
 Section I. Bati.'ACUHim, DC. Ai.henes transversely wrinkled. (Aquatic Herbs with 
 eapillaceous submerged leaves. Petals white, with yellow claw, and a pit near the base. 
 
 1. R. hederaceua, var. Lobbii. 4. R. aquatilis, var. confervoides. 
 
 2. R. hederaceiis, var. hedenefolius. o. R. aquatilis, var. Drouetii. 
 
 8. R. aquatilis, rar. longirostris. 
 
 Sfdion Jl. llxsimcvhvn as restricted by some authors. Achenes not wrinkled. 
 Mostly perennial terrestrial herbs with yellow (rarely white) petals having a small scale 
 at the base. 
 
 Sub-sertion I. A<niatie, with cajnilaceous leaves and yellow petals. 
 
 6. R. multifidus. I 8. R. miiltifidus, var. y. repens. 
 
 7. R. multifidus, var. fi. limosus. J 
 
 Sub-section 2. Terrestrial, with fibrous roots, divid 'd leaves, and while (or purplish 
 petals.) 
 
 9, R.'glaciali8. -^..^ - ''■.-^— --■■--: ---'^--^-.-.l.:...:..^.. . 
 

 44 
 
 LAWSUN; KKVISIO.N oF TIIK 
 
 
 Mf 
 
 8iilt-H('(tioii .!, Tl•rrt'^*triaI, uitli lihrous roots, iniiliviitn! Iciivcs and yi'llow pflaU, 
 
 10. li. ivptaiiH. I la. K.Cymbalaria. 
 
 11. K. roptans, vnr. li. iiitcrnu'diuti. | 14. R. {'ymbalarin, mr. alpiiiuH. 
 
 12. H. ainhiircii.s. 
 
 Sul)-Nt'rtioii 4. TcrrcNtrial, with lilnouN loottt, tin; Icavi" more or U'M divitlcil ot rleji, 
 lit leant the iippcv ouch, petals y<'llo\v. 
 
 1 '». K. abortivus. 
 
 Itt. li. iifliiiiH. 
 
 17. R. ailiiiis. vnr. i aicliopliyllus. 
 
 1H. K. atfiiii.s, (•(//•. K'iocarpus. 
 
 li>. I{. ovali.s. 
 
 20. 1{. iflahcriimus. 
 
 21. R. Nct'lcratlis. 
 
 22. R. Lappouit us. 
 28. R. hy[>i'rbnr('u.'<. 
 
 24. R. hypi'vborcus, rar. pyyniii'U.s. 
 
 25. R. uivalis. 
 
 2<). R. uivalis, rar. sulphurcus. 
 
 28. ]{. Pallusii. 
 
 20. R. Hook.'ii. 
 
 :!0. R. a.ris. 
 
 :!1. II rt'iK'US. 
 
 .12. R. ri'pt'UN, nir. hispiduR. 
 
 3;{. K'. occidt'utalis. 
 
 ;!4. R. rcuusylvauii lis. 
 
 ;'i.">. R. rtM'urvatns 
 
 ;'.•;. R. Nclwoui. 
 
 ;!7. R. Nelsoui, mr. teuellus. 
 
 ;)M. 1{. fasicularis, 
 
 ;!0. R. bulliosus. 
 
 27. I{. uivali.s, var. Esch.scholtzii. 
 
 Suh-scctiou '>. TeiTt'strial, r«M>t a lasritlt' oltubt'is, petals yellow (Uioro tluui .'>.) 
 4i'. R. diffitatus. 
 
 1. — R\Nr.\('n,t's ITKPK^ACKUS, vnr. liOiuui. 
 
 Reeeptailes jilabidus. Stems elougated. iloaliug, t! to I2incb< s long; subuuTsed leaves 
 uoue, or rudimeutary, resemblinij adveutitious shoots. 1 loatiuir leaves 'i to S lines wide, 
 de(!ply -Mdljed, truuiate-cordate { to >; in. wide, lobes equal, oval or obloug, the lateral 
 ones usually with a broad noteh at the apex. Teduueles opposite the loaves, thit-ker than 
 the petioles, J to jj in. long. Flower buds ulobose. Petals 2 or :! tiuu's as long as the 
 persistent sepals. StanuMis a)»out fi ; aeheues lew, (about 4). turii'id, li'labrous. Receptai'bf 
 rounded or Hat, lilabrous. 
 
 Ranunailiix hi/drovhorh Lihhii. Iliern, Batrachian Rauunnili, Jour. Rot., IX, p. «i5, t. 114. 
 
 R. hi'ilcrdceiis, var. Torrey iu Report Exped. Whipple, (18')7). Urewer & Watson, 
 Rot. Calif, ed. 2, p. 5. 
 
 R. (iqmtilix, var. Uthhii. Wat.son lal-i. Index, p. 17. 
 
 R. Lobbii. Gray, Am. Jour. Sc., sei. ."], I, p. 470. 
 
 jR. hederactits. Macouii, Cat. No. 27. 
 
 Ill a pool by the roadside iiearEsquimault Harbour, Vancouver Island, 187 '>. — Macoiin. 
 Oregon.— ir. /.<;/;/), l«r)2, No. 240: and Calilornia. near 3oth degree of hit., in 1853-4.— 
 Bigelow, in Herb. Kew., fuk llieni, 1. e. Russian liiver.—Iiolander, in Rot. Calif. 
 
 I i 
 
 2.— RaNUNCTILUS HEDEU.4.(^F.US, var. HEDEU.KFOLIUS. 
 
 Differs from the preceding in <>rowing on mnd (not floating), the petals not, or seareely, 
 exceedintr the calyx ; leaves with 3 or .-> entire or sub-entire somewhat deltoid lobes, tho 
 middle one projecting. Leaves sometimes opi)osite. 
 
 'MiiAi£^^^^..si..^1i' 
 
 itsusugKm 
 
 lip iifM nnwfi gw B wiiaii 
 
CANA 1)1 AN UANUNCULACK.K. 
 
 43 
 
 lliiininnihis lii/iftiirlitim liitletofoliiis. Ilciiu, Itutr. Uaiiuiu'., Jour. l>ot., IX, p. 07. 
 
 /; hftlnitiriis. Uiriii, Hist,, Rfuoiic., j). 3!!. 
 
 11 iiiiwitili.i, var. nrrtirm. Duraiid, KaiH" Exi>., 11.. p 447. 
 
 li. heiliniiro itmximiis. (lii'st'cke, (Duraiid.) 
 
 NowfoviiKlhiiiil and IJo-ky Mountains. — llwni. Tho Rotky Mountain i)lanl with largiT 
 llowers and more numtTou.s .stanu'ii.s than in the typi\ Not rare in Europi'. Disco and 
 adjuieut const, 70'. — Durnnil. 
 
 w 
 
 ;{. — l{ANtmcriiU8 .\QrATlI-I.'^, vnr. LONdlKOfTUIH. 
 
 A(|uatic. Ri'ct'ptaclc luiiry. Sti-ni wfak, arched, roolinir copiously at the joinls. Loaves 
 all Nnlnneru'cd, siibscssil", (not cuneatc-llahcllilorni). sei-nicnts capiUary : sti.iiicns 12-15. 
 I'ctals small, narrowly .•llii>tic-uvatc, lainlly veined. Ueceptad." small. ulol»o.se. hispid. 
 Stamens l-2-l.">. Carpels K-Kl. ini'ated on the peripheral side, with promiiteiit recurved or 
 
 hooked beaks. 
 
 nunuurutiis h//,/mrliiirh loiiiiiroslrix. Tliein. l?alr. Tlanun., Jour. Hot., IX, p. 100, (1h71.) 
 
 II. liw<rirosl,is. (iodron, Essni. t'. '•. (IH:!!*,) 
 
 n. miwililh (var. trklmphijlhu^i). Lawson, Monoi-r. Ranunc. ("anad.. p. 42, (18(59.) 
 
 Tn runninir water. < reeks and i)onds. Cianano(iue River and Rid....; canal. Out.; 
 Yarker, Ontario. lH<il.—7yf*rs(w. Canada Wi'si.— Drum nioin/, Muroini. New Mexico. Ken- 
 tucky ; Columbia; Missouri : California.— ///Vw, who also relersto this form, but apparently 
 with some hesitation. Dr. Lyall's specimens from Tobacco I'lain. Kootenay. 1!. C. : Uurke's 
 from Rock River, Hudson Hay Territory ; and I'.ourueau's from Saskatchewan. Dc.urs 
 exclusively in North America.— //w//. 
 
 4.— RANT'XtTT.rs .VQT'.VTIl.TS. ritr. •'(iNKKRVdTDKS. 
 
 A(iuatic. Stem filiform. Leaves sul)mers."d and dissected, .subsessil.', segments 
 capillary, weak and collapsing-- (when taken out of the water). Peduncles equallinu' the 
 l.-aves in lenuth. Leaves, {lowers and j.eduncles of small size. Stanu-ns few (5-12). 
 Carpels short-beaked. Receptacle nearly cylindrical, haivy. 
 
 Bmiii,ini/ns lii/drofhai-is ronftrvoides. Hiern, Hatraeh. Ranunc 
 
 (1871). 
 
 R. ivHfcrviHiles. Fries, Summa Veg. Scan., I., p. V-WK (184ti). 
 
 IMinchiinn nmferroifles. l'".-ies, Bot. Not. An., 184"), p. 121. 
 
 R. pauchtaminem, var. boteidU. lieurl, Bot. Not., 18r)2, y. 156. 
 
 Lake Winnipeg.— D«««-A/.s-. Washington Territory ; North of Europe ; Iceland. 
 
 Jour. Bot., IX., p. 102, 
 
 \ 
 
 
 5.— R.\x\rNCX'iit's .\Qr.vTiMs, var. Drouetii. 
 
 Differs from the proi-eding var. {nu.fervoides) in the fruit-re.vptacle being oblong (not 
 ,>vlindrieal) the stem slender ]>ut scar.ely filiform, and is probably not distinct, as Mr. 
 Iliern indicates thai in its racilie and Cascade Mountain forms it approaches mifemndes. 
 
 Rmmnndm h/drorham Drouetii. Iliern, Batr. llanune., .Tour. Bot., IX., p. 102. 
 
 R. Drouetii, F. Schultz. 
 
mmmt 
 
 46 
 
 JjAWSON: KHVISION oK TllH 
 
 Bal'wiiii/m Droii'iii. Nyinan, Nya. Bot. Not. An. 1852, p. 98. 
 
 British C'olumbiii {Wood) ; Ijowor Fiasor llivcr, Columbia [Dr. Li/all) ; Cas ado Moun- 
 tains, U.S. (Dr. Lijall); Aleutian Isles.— ///■■/«, 1. c. "Widely spread through P^urope ; also 
 Asia, Africa, South Ani'>rioa. 
 
 [Var. suBMKRSUS, with more numerous stamens, larger, witli bigger flowers and 
 more elongated submersed leaves, occurs at Boston, V.?., and is in all probability widely 
 di.tribuied. — Hiern] 
 
 ' 3.— IUNUNCULTJS MUMIFIDUf^, Fltiyll. 
 
 Plant wholly or partially submorsod, or creepintr on wet mxid. Stem rooting at the 
 joints. Leaves orbicular in outline, all, )r the lower submerged ones, dissec-ted into 
 nunic'-ous very narrow capilhu y, or l)roader linear segments or veins, the upper or emersed 
 leaves Hat, rounded or somewhat reniform, lobed oi- cleft into more or less angular lobes, 
 but not dissected. Petals large, bright yellow. 
 
 llaniinaiJuf wn//ifiihs. Pursh, PI. Am., II., 1'\G (181.')). DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. :270. Prod., 
 T.. )>. ;U. tiniy. Manual, ed. .'>. p. 40. Lawson, Ixanuuc Canad., p. 41. "Watson. Bibl. 
 index. I., p. 20. Macouii. Cat. No. 2'.>. Not /i. /«////«////«.<, I'orskcrhl, whit'h is an Arabian 
 plani ill Forskalilii.m'}. 
 
 11. Jhiriulilis. Biiiclow, PI. i{osl.,ed. 1, !>. 1;!li. Not I'f Willdenow (although so quoted 
 by DC). 
 
 /,'. Iiinislrh. P.e. k <V Tnu y, in Eaton's Manual, ed, S, p. 42:!, (1823.) 
 
 H Pioyhii. Pichardson, in App. Frankl. Jour., ed. 2, \\ 28, (182-3). Hook., Fl. Bor- 
 Ani., p. 1.-), t. 7. Torr. & (Jr. Fl., f., [). 1!». Hook, f., Arct. PI., p. 28:1. Chapman, Fl. 
 S. U.S., p. 8. AVood, CI. Bk. & Fl., p. 20H. llothr., Fl. Alask., p. 442. 
 
 R. del/ihinijhliii^. Torrey, Eat. Man., ed. 4, p. 424. 
 
 R. amphihiiis. .Tames, Cat., 188. 
 
 R. Beckii. Don, Mill. Divt., I., p. 80. 
 
 R. flidlmis. Provnncher. Fl. Cauadienne, p. lo, not of Lamarck. 
 
 R. radiniiia, \i\Y. muUifuhin. iicgel. Fl. Ost.-Sib,, I., p. 4.'). 
 
 Common thioughonl tlu' eastern and prairie districts, from Canada to near the Arctic 
 Sea; never observed iloating in deep water, but sometimes sj^reading over the surfaces of 
 spbii!2-nous liogs, more generally reeping on mud in very sheltered pools of water in 
 shady plares: lakes and marshes about Nlave Lake, thimberland House Fort. — Ricliardson . 
 And to the Itocky Mountains. —Hn/mwioW. Extending to n«'ar the Arctic Sea. — Hooker. 
 
 In dilc]«"s and muddy jwols, not rare in Ontario. Sloate Lake, Sydenham, 7th 
 .Tun.', 185!t, ; near Yarker, lllh .Tuly, IStil ; marsh betwi'cn Forfar and Newlwro', on th.' 
 Ivideaii. 4t!' .Tuly, m]2.—L(iirmi. Creek in Giadi'ord, 25th May, 'iSGO.— Logic. Conway 
 Creek, Presiott.— iJ. Bdlings jr. Makb'n, abundant.— Dr P. W. Maclagan. Very abun- 
 dant in ponds around Belleville, Out.; Cape Breton.— 3/«co«/w, Windsor, Nova Scotia. 
 — Ilnw. Kotzi'1)n(> Sound. — Rothrork. 
 
OANADTAN l^ANUNOULACKM 
 1. — KANnNOi'M's jMri;ni'Mi)Uf», rar. fi. mmosus. 
 
 47 
 
 Creeping, partially suhmevsed, nil the leaves more or less reniform in ov;tline, lo\V(>r 
 ones diss.'eted, tlie ultimate segments linear, npper ones palmately divided inio anL>-tdav 
 segments. 
 
 JR. Pitrshii tr. Richardson. Frankl. Jour., ed. 2, App., p. 23. 
 
 M. Piirshn var. ;'. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 1.^ t, 1. R., fig. 2. Ton: k Or., Fl.. T., p. 20. 
 
 R.limosiit. Nultall, inT. & U. Fl., T., p. 20. 
 
 11. rddimus, /^- repciis. liegel, Fl. Ost.-Siber., 1., p. 4.). , 
 
 11. muUifidus,\ax. I>- Watson, IJibl. Index, I., p. 20. 
 
 Slave Lake, Cumberland House Fort, and Roeky Mountains. — Drummond in Hook., 
 Fl., 1. c. Touchwood Hills, N'. W. Territory, and in pools near Sluart Lake, IJrilish 
 Columbia. — Miicoiin. 
 
 8. — R.\NUNCIJI>US iMULTIFIDtr.S V(ir. y. KEPKN.S, IVafson. 
 
 Creeping on mud, all the leaves roundish renii'orm, palmately divided into three or 
 live segments. 
 
 R. wulUfulux y. repem. Watson, King's Rep., V., p. 8. 15ibl. Index, I., p. 20. ■ 
 
 R. Purshii /i. Richardson, 1. c. 
 
 11 VnrMi, var. d. Hook., Fl. l?or.-Am., p. 15, tab. 1. 1]., iig. 3. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., 
 I., p. 20. 
 
 R. radimiis. C. A Meyer, in Ledebour's Fl. Altaica, II., p. SKJ.- 
 
 R. rudkaiii^, a. Ii/pinis. Ri'gel, I'l. Ost.-Siber , I, p. 44. 
 
 R. Purshii /i. lerrcslris (snhghiher). Ledebour, VI. Rossica, I., p. 3'). 
 
 R. Gmelini. Flora Sibirica, IV., t. S3, b. 
 
 Bear Lake. — Richardson. Bay of EKehscholt/, on the wi'stern shore of extreme Arctic 
 Amerii I, — Chamisso. NearFlinton, llastinp-s Co., Out., and on the great prairies. — Maivm. 
 Swamps, Foot Hills of Rocky Mountains. — Dr. G. 31. Dawson. 
 
 1). — RaNI:NCUI,1IS OLACIATJS, />JWMf««. 
 
 Plant 3-8 inches long, stem about 1-llowered. Radical leaves p >ti4;.ie, palmately 
 0-i>arlcd or ;!-clelt. tlie lol)c8 I rilid, lobules thick, and somewhat obtus(> Cauline leaves 
 or bracts few and sessile. Calyx covered witli brownisli silky hairs, "etals roundish, 
 emarginate at the apex, as long at the sepals, while with a purplish tinge. AclnMies 
 eomi)ressed, margined. 
 
 Rniiiiiindiis iilarialis. Linn. Sp. i'l.. p. 777. liiria. llist. Renoncul, ]i. :!4. DC. I'rod., 
 I., p. ::o. Torr. iS; (Jr., Fl. I., pp. H! and .'i:)8. Hook, f. Ant. Fl., j)p. 28:! and ;!11. 
 Duand, Fl. Kane II., ,>. 448. Watson, Bibl. Iiulex, I., p. 10. Macoun, Cat., No. 44 b. 
 
 R. Chamissoiiis. Schlechtend. Animad., I., p. 12, I. I. 
 
 Found in I'^ast (ireenland by the earliest and l)y all subse(juent voyagers, but never 
 on the IJaliin IJay side till Kane"s exi»edition, when ii was loouglit from North Proven, 
 hit. 72" 'N.—Hooh-.Jil. Fury Beach, Elwyu Inlet, Gulf of Booihnia.— Cf/y^/. .,1. //. Markhum, 
 \Mm\A.— Lindsay. Lapland, Swiss Alps, Pyrenees, Austria, Hungary. 
 
48 
 
 tjAWSON : liRVlSlOX OF THFl 
 
 . 10. — Kaxunouuts KEPTANS, Linmeiis. 
 
 Stem slcndor, nrilunl-prorumbont, and rooting at tho joints. Leaven linear, acitc, 
 somewhat lleshy, glabrous, entire. Flowrs solitary, terminal or at tho joints, the llower 
 small, sepals spreading, obtuse. Petals small, obovate, yellow. Aehenia smooth, with \\ 
 minute point. 
 
 H,uiininihi>i repfiiiis. Linn. Sp. I'l., p. 77;5. V]. Dan., t. 108. Ait. 1'., Hort. Kew., ed. 2. 
 III. p. 3:.l. Torr. .S: Cir., Fl.. 1, p. l(i. Cray, Man., ed. 1, p. !». DC Syst.. 1, p. 24!s. Liglitl., 
 Fl, Sootiea, lig. on title page. Withering. Arr. Hr. Tits., II, p. 505. Lawson, Kauune. Canad. 
 p. 40. Wood. ("1. l!k. iSf Fl. p. 20t>. 
 
 Ji. jiiiformi.-: Miehaux, F'l.. 1!. A.. I, p. 320. Persoon, Syuops., II, p. 102. Pursh, Fl., 
 II, p. ;J92. 
 
 R. reptiui^, vur, /i. Jilijhniiis. DC. Syst. Nat.. I. p. 248. 
 
 R. Flammulu. var. y. filiformis. Hook., Fl. 15. A., 1. p. 11. 
 
 R. Flammulu, var. re/ilaiis. Smith. Enif. Fl.. Ill, p. 45, (1825). Meyer, PI., Lab., p. 9t!. 
 Cray, Man., ed. :.. )>. 41. Wats. 15ibl. Index. I, p. IS. brewer & Wats., Hot. Calif., I. p. 0. 
 
 R. F/iimmnla, sub-sji. rcjitmis. Hook, f., Student's F'lora, i>. 0. 
 
 Islands in the St. Lawrence River, near Brockville and elsewhere on the lOrS. m 
 shores of the Upper St. Lawrence and L:ike Ontario. — Lawson. N. to lat. 69'. — Richiin/sim. 
 Nieolet Montreal Wolfe Island. — Dr. I'. IF. MachiLinn. Dried up ponds near Fort Wel- 
 lington. I'rescott. and banks of St. Lawrence River, west from Brockville. — B. liillitifra Jr. 
 Lake Winnipeg and Athabanka River, 31st July, 1862. — MrTnvhh. Gravelly banks of 
 lakes and rivers. Nova Scotia and Coast Ranges of British Columbia ; Lake Winnipeg ; 
 spariniily amouust sand, east side of River Trent, below Ileeley's Falls. Seymour, Out. — 
 Miwoini. Lake St. Charles. — Prwaiirher. Lal)rador. Xcwfoundland, Iceland and Greenland. 
 
 This form is well known in northern Europe and extends to Kamtschatka, but is not. 
 very common. Our Canadian plant agrees perfectly with Scotch specimt'us (from L>ch 
 Laveu) and Norwegian one.s ci)lle>'ted on th> Dovrefcldt, 3,500 feet. Larg.; spuciraens from 
 liraemar. Scotland, hav<' narrowly lanceolate leaves, api>arently <"onnectin;r this with 
 Flammula. In Canada it ai)peurs to be i)ermanently distinct. 
 
 11.— R.\Nt'NCtTH'S HEPTANS, vnr. 0. INTKiniKmi'S. 
 
 Lravi'> narrowly lanicolaie. the upper ones linear, entire. 
 
 /(, Fliniimiilii. var. intermedia. Hook., Fl. Boi.-Am.. 1.. p. 11. Gra\. Man., ed. 5. p. 41. 
 R. Flammula. Schlechtendal. in Linniea. YI.. p. 577. 
 
 Shore of Lake Ontario at Presqu'lle I'oml. and on Toronto Island. — Muroiin. South 
 (heenland.— //.)«A-. ,/'., Arct. Pi. 
 
 
 1 :^ 
 
 12.— RANf\cri,I-s AMltliiKNS. 1IV<"«- 
 
 Sleiii more or less ere) t from a re( lininu' ba.*<e. with adventitious roots from the lowci' 
 Joints. Leaves ovate-laureolate or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the ba.se into short 
 sheathing petioles, u.sually ylabrons and entire or sliuhtly toothed. Carpels suiall, with 
 a subulate beak. Petals much longer than the calyx. 
 
 V 
 
CANADIAN KANUNCULACKiE. 
 
 49 
 
 Eanuncidus ambigens. Wiitsoii, Bibl. lutlox, I., p. IG. 
 
 R. Flammuhi. Pursh, Fl. N. Am . 11, p. 391. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am, I, p. 16. Gray, 
 Manual, cd. 1, ]>. S. Lawsoii, Ranuue. Cauad, p. 40. Wood, CI. Bk & Fl, p. 200. 
 
 R. Lingua, rursh, Fl, p. 391 ? 
 
 R. ulismicfolius. Gray, Man, ed. 2, p. 8 ; ed. 5, p. 41. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., p. 1. 
 Macoiui, Cat. No. 30. 
 
 Southern Canada.— 6'»W(e. Wot holds and on the common at Colle«-e street, Kingston, 
 Out— Lawson. Near Victoria, Vancouver Mand. —Macoun, in Herl). Canad. Survey. 
 Vicinity of Port Colborne, Out., McGill College Kmh.—Macoiin. 
 
 13.— Ranunculus Cymb.^laria, Pursh. 
 
 
 Humble, crc.-ping, main sto(^k throwing off runners, which root and become leafy 
 at the joints, forming new i)lants. Leaves long-stalked, orbicular, somewhat cordate, 
 ( renately notclied or almost lobtid. Flowers several, on a leafles.s stalk a few inches 
 high, with on(> or two distant bracts. Carpels very numerous, with short beaks, fencing 
 an oblong or round liead. 
 
 Rdnunruliis CijmbaJarut. Pursh, J 1. Am., II., p. 302. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 252. Prod., 
 I,, p. 33. Hook., Fl. 15.,r.-j\in., T., p. 11. Torr. & Gr, Fl. N. Am., I, p. It. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.,' 
 I., p. 12. (.J ray, PI. Wriglit., II., p. 8. Manual, ed. "), p. 41. Provancher, Fi. C^aiuid., p. 9. 
 Hook, f & Thomson, Fl. Iiidica, I., p. 31. Walpers, Ann., IV., p. 18. Hook f, Arct. PL, 
 ]). 283. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad., p. 40, Watson, Bibl. lude.^, I., p. 18. Macouu, Cat. 
 No, 32. Hanc.., Lund. .Tour, Boi., XXI., p. 290. Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif, ed. 2, I., p. 
 7. Rcgel, Fl, Ost.-SiI)ir, I., p. 42. 
 
 A numlxr of forms oi;cur in Northern Europe and Asia and on (lie Rocky Mountains, 
 whose relations to R. Cymbulufia appear io be still imperfectly understood, and I have 
 therefore refrained from quoting synonyms which it has been customary to refer here. 
 K. milsiigiticiits of Pallas "as regarded by tht^ elder Hooker as identical with this species, 
 hut not IJe Candolle's plant of the .same name. In the Flora Indicn, Hooker and Thomson 
 now identify with it De Candolle's i)lant also. R. sakugimsus of Wallich is referred to 
 R. jmlchellus, C. A. Meyer, and R. sahiiginosiis, Don, in Royle 111., to R. lobatiis, Jacquem. 
 On the other hand, I infi;r from rcuiarks in Phuittu Fendleriaim), that Guiy regarded 
 R. Cymbalarui, I'ursh, R. tridental iia, HBK., and R. ndlsuginimia, Pallas, as three well- 
 marked spe< ies. And yet, iu the Bibliographical Inde.x, Watson, who may be regarded 
 as representing Cambridge views, quotes, as synonyms oi' R. Ci/mbalanu, — tridmltttus, HBK., 
 siilsnginnsus, Pallas, sdrmentosn^, Adams, and halophilus, Schlechtendal, to which Hook. & 
 Th. add iilantiiginijhliii.t, ^lurray, 
 
 (iaspe, at the mouth of the Dartmouth River, in situations nearly as low as Gaspe 
 Bay, July 15, leaves sometimes floating, — Dr. J. Belt. Windsor, N.S, — ProJ. How. Anticosti, 
 .Tilly 5, 1801, — Vcrrill. Hudson Bay Country, M'Tdyw/i, — York Factory ; also Slave Lake- 
 25th July, — Mi-Tiimli. Lake Winnipeg, — IhrnUon. Fr-dcricton, — Dr.Robb. New Bruns, 
 wick. Gulf shore. — Rev. J. Fowler. I5ay of Fundy. — Matthews. 3t, Joachim, Rimouski. — 
 Provancher. Musquodol)oit River, Halifax County, 25th June, 1818, — Dr. W. II. Lindsay. 
 
 ,<oc. IV,, 1884. 7. 
 
 • ii 
 
Il 
 
 III f > 
 
 50 
 
 LAWSON: REVISION OF TIIH 
 
 Bedford Bixtnn.—Lnirson. Liiko Winnipeg.— i?. King, in Back's I'kpedilion. Common in 
 moist shady places, from Canada to near the Arctic Sea, lat. 68", and from Iliulson Uay 
 io tlic summits of tiic Kocky 3Tountains, — Uirlninhon. (lohlie, Daii^las. Drummonil. 
 Mormon.— llook.,Y\. Bor.-Am. Bcauharnois and ^Monlreal, r.(^., ^MctJill Colleye Herb. 
 —Mnmitn. On mud fhiis aloiiir the Ottawa at Tluirso. T.Q. — Fletcher. Alono- the Ottawa 
 Eiver at lieaiiharnois. V.(\. Imoui Hudson Bay to near the Arctic Sea, in hit. «!;]'. — 
 Rirhanhoii. New Brunswick— /•'()(/•/(';•. Sea shores and maruins of salt ponds in the ])rai- 
 rie reu-ion and interior of British Columhia; Ciaspe, F.Q. ; Fort 'William, Lake Su[)erior. — 
 Mncoiin. ViwW'w coast —7)r. G. M. Dawson. 
 
 South Greenland. Hon/,:. Ant. Tl. 
 
 First detected In- Puvsh near the salt .vorks of On< 'uliiua, Xew York State. Tt <>rows 
 at Loii'i- Island and Salem. ^lass. Gray srives its <lisiri'oulion in tlie Eastern United 
 Slates thus: — "Sandy shores from New Jersey northward, and alon.if the •^reat lakes to 
 Illinois and westward ; also at salt sprinu-s." Salt plains of the Platte.- -/« we*. Banks of 
 the Oregon and neighhourinir streams, as well as on the contiuuons coast of the Pacific. — 
 NuUitll. Turkestan, ]May. USl.—Mesni/. (Hance.) 
 
 14.— l\ANr.\cir,rs Cy.mh.vt-.mita var. fi. ai.imnis, Hooker. 
 
 Snudler, leaves elliptical oroblonij', ;5-toothed at the apex, acheiiia broader and shorter, 
 in a ffloboso head. — E. hiilo/ihihis. Schlecht. Ji. ('i/nihnhiriii, fi. iil/iitins. Ilook., Fl. B.-.V. 
 
 Near the sunmiit uf the Uocky Mountains, between lat. ")2 and ,')o\ — Drummond, 
 Mucoun. Salt lake, Anticosti, August 11. 18So. — Mmonn, in Herb. Canad. Survey. Occurs 
 also in Kamtschatka (Flora Ost-Sibirien ) 
 
 lo. — IIanunculuh aboutivus, Linnaus. 
 
 Kadical leaves petiolate, roundish or kidney-shaj>ed, more or less crenate, smooth and 
 shiuiuL!'. those of the stem very shortly stalked or sessile, and divided or parted into 
 oblong, cuneate or broadly linciir divisions. Petals shorter than the sepals. Carpels in 
 globose heads, inii;,te(i, -.vith snnill curved beaks. 
 
 Rinimmihis nborlirm. Linn. Sp. PI., p. "^70. "Willd., Sj). PI., H. j.. 1314. Pur.sh, Fl., II., 
 p. 392. DC, Syst. Nat., I, p. -JiiK. Prod. I, p. 34. Hook., I'l. lior.-Am., I. p. 14, in part, 
 Torr. iV (}r. Fl. N. Am , I, p lit. Torrey, Fl. N.Y.. I, p. 13. Gray, Manual, ed. o, p, 42. 
 Chai)man, Fl. S. US., p. 7 Wood, CI. Bk. & Fl., p. 20(5, ^>awson, Kanuuc, Canad,, p. 37. 
 "Watson. Bil)]. Index, 1, p. 1.',. Miut.un. Cat. No. 37. 
 
 R. inriroiniis yaw Biria, Hist. Kenonc.. 3!». 
 
 Abundant a1)0ut the City of Kingston, Out., and surrounding country, in pastures and 
 woods ; Indian Islnnd, Bay of Quinte, otli .Tun >, 18t)2 : Sloate Lake, Sydenham, tth June. 
 IS.'.O ; Ivin-ston :\Iil!s. 24lh May, 18.V,t ; grounds of IJideau Hall, Ottawa, 24th May, 1884. 
 —Liicfon. Portland, July, l^tiO.- D/-. Dn/niis. i-'ort Garry. July 18i)l.— Or. Srliultz. sp. 
 No. 180. Nicolet, Montreal, Kingston aiul Maiden.— Or /'. W. Maclaffun. Belleville, 
 abundant in low wet phiees; I'eaee River; British ('olumbia.— Jfrttvmw. Common in 
 Caledon.— Cn/ie.o/f. lioad.side, Hamilton.— //(^--/V,'. Luke Winni|)eg, — Hmndon. Lac St 
 
 A: 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACTLE. 
 
 81 
 
 Jean, altso St. Joachim. — Pivvanchcr. RolcDil.— Dr. .7. Bell. Bass River, Kout, N. B. — 
 Foirler. I'rescolt distri(;t, common. — B. Billin^^ajr. 0.siialnu(^k and Prcscott Junction, 20th 
 May, 185!). — Epalein. (laspe, Douylaslown and North Fork of Dartmouth Ilivcr, Juno 18, 
 1802.— /)/•. /. BrII. Anticosti, Juno 'lb, 18(51; Nowlbundland.— Ft'/y///. ITndsou Bay 
 Territorit's.— i»/f7'«ivN/>. riotoii, N.S.— /I. H. McKui/. Canada; and to lat. aT ; ccntr^vl 
 limestone and prairio districts, and eastern declivities of the Rocky Mountains. — 
 Kirhnnhoii, Drummoiid, ]\[rs. Percival, Todd. Newfoundland. — Cormach; (Hooker.) 
 
 In opi^n exposed situations the stem is short and stout, the loaves are thick with short 
 petioles, and th(! plant rises to a hei^^ht of from •'! to 7 or 8 inches; in woods and shaded 
 situations the wholt> plant is more delicate, the stem elongated and lax, the leaves thin 
 and of a paler bright greou, with longer petioles, the radical ones few in number, and 
 the slender stem rises to a htsight of from 12 to 18 inches. Although described by 
 Gray (iu Manual) as "glabrous and very smooth," this species lo usually slightly hairy, 
 or has at least hair points. I liave not seen the var. micranlhus, which is described as 
 jmbesrent. 
 
 10. — RANUNCUIiUS AFFINIS, R. Bwtvn. 
 
 Radical leaves long-potioled, more or less cuneate at the ba^e, pedately divided or 
 lobed, cauline ones sub-se.ssile, digitate, being divid.'d to the base into long narrow linear 
 segments. Stem erect, 1, 2, or several-flowered, and, with the calyx, more or less pubescent, 
 fruit an oblong-cylindrical head of achencs with recurved beaks. Plant usually more or 
 less i)ubescent. especially on the pedicels and calyx. Carpels usually but not always hairy. 
 
 Ratiiiiinihis a(linh. \\. Brown in Piaiy's 1st Voy., App., p. 2G.'). Rii-ardson, in 
 I'rankl. Jour., ed. 2, \\ 28. Hook., in Parry's "^d Voy., App., p. 384. Fl. Bor.-Am., p. 12, 
 t. 6 f. A. Graham, in Edin. Phil. Jour., 1820, p. 187. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 18. 
 Gray, PI. Fendl., p. 4. PI. Wright., II., p. 8. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 15. Macoun, Cat., 
 
 No. 34. 
 
 R. ardicus. Richardson, in Frankl. 1st Jour., ed. 1., App., p. 741. 
 
 R. mriamm. Hooker, Back's Exped., 1830, p. 523. Hook, f., Distr. Arct. Pts., pp. 
 283 and 312. Not ««nn)//n.'.s- of Linn, and E..ropean botanists. 
 
 R. niirirommt, var. al/iiih. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad., p. 37. 
 
 The lollowing references in Wat.son's Index appear to be somewhat doubtful or 
 obscure: — R. peihiUJhliis, Schlechtendal. R. (niuniiis, Ledebour. 7v. acspitosiis. Wallich. 
 
 Cape Mulgrave, in N, W. America.— Lr/.// iV Collie. (Reechey.) Melville Islands.— 
 Piirri/. Shores of the Arctic S-a, l)ct\veen long. 107' and l.)'y.~Rirli(irdso>i, Frnnkhn, 
 Bach; Dnimmoiid, (Hooker.) Churchill. 3rd July, 1853, a small specimen.— J/tTrttvyt. 
 Kotzel)u.i Sound.— //ooA-tr. Lake Winnipeg. — i/(»Vi.s/(*//. Slave Lake, Thlew-ee-choh 
 and Athabasca.— A///^--, (Back's Exped., 18:i3-4.) Abundant west of Moo.se TMountnin, 
 N. W. T. ; Quesnel, British Columbia.— .Umo^o/. Lake of the Woods and Traders 
 Road, north of Woody Mountain, N. W. T— />/•. G. M. Dawson. Disco: east shore 
 of Iklhn Bi.y (west coast of Greenland), 0!) 15'. Extreme north and south limits 
 observed on the West Shore (Grinnell Laud): S2 27': 81' 42'.— //^n7, Brit. Pol. E.xped., 
 1876. Swift Rudder Bay and l-'l<ebcrg Beach.— Dc. Moss, (Hart.) East Greenland, 
 " north coiiHV'—Budianan. Cumberland Gulf, Davis Strait.— Trt^w. 
 
52 
 
 LAWSON : RRVISIOlsr OK TRl'! 
 
 The plant having boon much confouudod with the R. anrkomus ol' Europo, it is dil- 
 fitv.lt to truco its di.stiibntion. In sonio of its forms it runs down the mountains into 
 Now Moxii'o, as appoars from Parry and Fondlcr's coUoctious. I have gathen^d it on 
 the mcsii around llio Colorado peaks. 
 
 R. auricomus of Europe lias three distinet sols of leaves, viz. : 1. Radical leaves, whicli 
 are long- petioled. reiiiforin, throo-lobod or -partite. 2. Ix)wer cauliiie leaves, which arc 
 shortly petioled, pedately divided into broad lobes. ;J. Upper cauline leaves, which are 
 sessile and embracing, diii-itately divided into slender linear lobes. The whole plant is 
 nearly glabrous, of a vivid green colour like \\w sylvestral form of R. nhorl'rux, thi^ calyx 
 is only sliglitly hairy, and tiie achenes are in a globose lioad. It grows in warm sheltered 
 woods, never in exposed situations, and does not extend far north, nor to very great 
 elevations. R. affink. on the contrary, is conspicuously arctic and alpine in its range. 
 
 IT.— Ranunculus affinis, var. cakdiophyllu!^, Gray. 
 
 Robust ami roughly hairy; radical leaves rounded-cordate with the base rather 
 deeply emarginate, undivided or many-deft, crenate; cauline ones palmately cleft into 
 linear incisely crenate lobes; sepals spreading, half the length of the petals; head of 
 achenes oblong. 
 
 Raniinrulits tij/i,tis, var. rardioplii/lhis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., 1803, p. 5(5. Wats., 
 Index, ., p. 111. Macoun, Tat. under No. 34. 
 
 R. mrdiophi/llus. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. I, p. l-I, t. 5. Bot. Mag., t. 2999. Torr & (Ir 
 Fl., I, p. 18. 
 
 In the central prairie and limestone districts.— iZ/V7trtr^/.sott, Dnimmond. Alpine prairies 
 in the Rocky '^loxmiaius. —Dnmmond, (Hooker.) Vicinity of Morley, Bow River, seven 
 miles north-west of Edmonton.— i¥wow». 
 
 18.— Ranunci iUs affinis, var. leiocarpus, Tratttvetler. 
 
 Radical leaves divided, the lob(-s oblong-lanceolate or lin(>ar-lanceolate, entire or 
 incisely dentate. Stem leafy. 
 
 Ranmiad,,^ affinis, var. leiocarpus. Trautvetter, in PI. Schronk., p. 71. Regel, Fl. Ostsib., 
 I, p. 45. Watson, Index, p. 10. ]\Iacoun, Cat., under No. 34. 
 
 R. pedatifuhs, of Sm., DC, I^deb.. Trautv. & M.^y.-r, and Turcz., ac<'ording to Regd 
 Fl. Ostsibir., I, p. 40. - b « . 
 
 Top of Mount Albert 4,000 ft. ; Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe.-M«'o,/«, in Herb. 
 Canad. Survey. Table Top Mountain, Gaspe, July 30, 1883.-Pt»Ve,-, in Herb. Canad. 
 
 Survey. 
 
 l!».-RANTiNCUr,us OVAIJS, Rafinesqiie. 
 
 Stem very short, rising from ;^ or inches in flower and fruit. leaves mostly radi>-al, 
 ovate orobovate r-ore or l.^ss rhombic or sagittate, long petioled, toothed, those on the 
 stem ncp.r- ".ssu'>, lobed or parted, th^ upper ones into linear segments. Flowers large. 
 
 I 
 
 
OANA.DrA.N nANUNCULACE.'R. 
 
 S3 
 
 Carpols glohoso, with very miuiato beaks, in round heads. "Wholo plant pale green, with 
 soft hairs. 
 
 Ji(innnculux ovniis. lialinesque-Si.hmaltz, Jour. l?ot., II., p. 268. (1814.) DC. Syst. Nat., 
 I., p. n02. (1818.) rrodromus, I., p. 48. Graluim, Edin. Phil. .Tour., 1829, p. 188. Poiret! 
 Snpp., v., p. 778. Don, Mill Did., I., p. 38. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 12, t. (>.. f. R 
 Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 18. Wali>tM-s, Rep., I., p. 42. Diotr. Syn. Hi., j). ;J18. 
 
 R. rhomhnhlemi. Crohlii', in Edin. rhiI..Tour.,YI., p. ;!2i>, t. 11. f. 1. (1822.) Ricliardson, 
 in Frank!. .Lmr., p. 18. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 12. Torr. & dr., I, Fl. N. Am., I., p. 
 18. Gray, Man., ed. f), p. 42. Lawson, Kanunc Caiiad., p. 3tJ. Macoun, Cat., No. 88. 
 
 Ji. brevicauliii. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 18, t. 1, i". A. (18.i8.) Lond. Jour. Bot., 1st 
 Series, VI., p. GO. Torr. & Gr., FL, I., p. 18. 
 
 Lake Simcoe, Out. -Gohlie.— n the; central limewtone and prairie districts from 
 Canada to lat. 57 . Common in the western parts of Canada (Ontario). — Richardson. 
 
 Alpine prairies among the liocky Mountains, and about Carlton House, lat. 52' and 
 55' {R. ovdli's.) — Drummond, in Hook., Fl. B.-A. Shores of Lake Huron {R. hrevimulis). — 
 Richardson, Drummowl, in Hook., Fl. B.-A. Sandhills on the banks of the Humber, near 
 Toronto, Out., 4th June, 1802, plentiful. — Lawson. Sandy plains near Ca.stleton ; also at 
 Murray Town hall. — Macoun. Lak(> Winnipi'g. — Bitrnstoii. Near Montreal. — Dr. Holmes. 
 Sand hills n(>ar Trenton and \l\v\i Lake Plains, Ont. ; Lake of the "Woods, and on the 
 western plains. — Mncoun. Near I^ondon, Out. — Saunders. Sandy plains of th»* Kiviere 
 aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. — Gilmm. lied Kiver Prairie and Pemliina Mountain. — Dr. 
 (i. M. Dawson, (Maooun). 
 
 
 20. — KANITNCULTIS OliABKRIlIMUS, Hoo/,'er. 
 
 Plant succulent and glabrous. Stem 4 to 7 inches high. Koot a fascicle of long 
 lleshy fibres. Leaves broadly oval-oblong, cuneate at the base, or more or less elliptical, 
 entire or bluntly toothed at the apex, the upper bracteal ones cleft into 3 linear lobes. 
 Sepals oval, not reflexed, half the length of the petals. Petals oval, yellow, 3 to 4 lines 
 long. Achenes turgid, snioolh, with a short curved beak, in globular heads. 
 
 Ranunculus glahcrrimus. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I, p. 12, t. 5, f A. Torr. & Gr., Y\. N. 
 Am., I, pp. 19 and 058. Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif ed. 2, 1, p. 7. Watson, Bibl. Lidex, 
 I, p. 19. Macoun, Cat. No. 35. 
 
 Common on the mountains around the Kellle Falls (of (he Columl)ia), and on the 
 Rocky Mountains, near the limils of perpt'tual snow. — Dow^'las, in Hook , Fl. B.-A. Near 
 Lake La Hache, and above Boston Bar, B. C., 27th July, \^lb.—Mitcoiin, in Herb. Canad. 
 Survey. Wallawallah lliver, &c. — NullaU. In the Snake cmmtry, along Snakt> or Lewis 
 ^{iver. — ToUnic. Washoe^ Mounlains (Andcrso.>) and northward in sub-alpine situations to 
 0"egon and Idaho. — Hot. Calif. 
 
 21. — ILvNUNOlTIitlS ,SCKr,KK.\.TT'S, LmfffWS. 
 
 lioot iibrous. Stem thick and hollow (1 fool high). Leaves somewhat lleshy, smooth 
 a)id glossy, the radical and lower cauline ones stalked, three-lobed or throe-parted, 
 rounded, the segments blunt, crenate, upper leaves sessile, trifid, the lobes linear, entire 
 
84 
 
 LAWSON: K'KVrSION 01' TIIK 
 
 I ' 
 
 or imiso-dontato. Sopuls ivll.'Xi'd. IVIiils soarccly longer than the sepals. C'arp.ls 
 sliuhtlv wrinkled. .Ini<v n- rid. Aimuiil or bienniiil. Celery-leaved Crowfoot. 
 
 Ihiinninilii^ sirlnuiln^. \Ann. So. I'l.. p. 77<i. V\. Dan., t. ;?71. Enu'l. Hot., t. ti81. 
 l?ivia. K.'nonr., 41. ^Vilid.. Sp. I'l., II., p. KU;'.. Sehlecht., Aniniad. Kanune. II., p. Id. 
 lluok., V\. Seot., p. ITt. Wither., Arr. \h. Tts., II.. p. Mr,. Elliot, S. Carol., II., j). r.'.t. 
 Lii.li(lo..i, I'l. S.ot.. .'d. -2. I., p. ii'.M. I'ursh, Fl. Am., II.. |). 3:);?. DC. Syst. Xat., I., \> 
 2(i8. Prod., 1.. i>. -U. Smith. Kiiu". I'l., III., p. 48. IJichardson, in Franklin's Jour., p. II 
 Hook., Fl. IW.-Am., I., p. I.-.. Torr. & Ur., Fl. N Am., I., p. 1!». Torn-y, Fl. N. Y., I., p. in. 
 Chapniaii, Fl. S. F.S.. p. 8. Hook, f., Aret. I'l.. ].. ii8;{. Student's Fl. Rrit., p. 1. (Jray. 
 Man., ed. .'>. p. 4i'. l.awson, Ranun<'. Caiiad., r». 08. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. i'l 
 Macoun, Cat., Xo. 38. 
 
 Jleiihi srelmila. Apuleius. (Paris, l.")28). Meutzelius, Index Mnltiling., p. 2')1, (1(!8l'). 
 Jlt'rliii Stirdu . (iuilandinus, (Padua, 1558). 
 Ajiiitiii iiiimiliiHiii. Traii-us, (Strasburi?, 1552). 
 Rununc. paliislrh ajiiifolio hrrh. C. l?auhin, (Ititl). 
 Apiiiin risK^ (<ijiio mo, Ital.) J. Bauhin, (1(150). 
 
 Flooded aravelly banks ol' rivers from Canada to lat. ti?'. — Kichunisoii, Doits:las, 
 Dniinmond. Sides of ditches and wet places, Cataraqni Creek and other bays alon^- thr 
 shore of Lake Ontario, and aloui,' the course of streams running into that Lake. — Ijui'snii. 
 St. Catherines and Maiden. —7)/-. /'. W. Mnihiiraii. IJeheil Mountain. — Dr. John Bell. 
 Dit« lies around IJelleville, eomnion ; (!aspe ; Point Levis, P. Q. — Mnamn. Ifainy Lake and 
 Slave Lake. — (\tiil. Back. LakeW'innipeir. — Bariiston. York Factory. — McTiivish. Common 
 about H'.imilt()n. — Lottie. Montreal. — Herb. MvGill Coll. Great plains by Peace River to 
 British Colund)ia. — Mmoini. St. Stephen. Shediae and River Charles, N.B. — Fowler. 
 
 Sir Joseph Hooker sives the distribution of this species as: "Europe (Arctic), N. Asi:i, 
 N. India to Beniral; introduced in America, &c." There appears, however, to be no good 
 reason to doubt its being indigenous in America, where it is widely spread throughout 
 British America and the United Slates, from the Atlantic to the Pacilic, both in coast di>- 
 trills and on the plains of the interior, from lat. (it in the nortu, south to S. Carolina and 
 the Platte River. 
 
 Tile Ihigli.sh vernacular name of this plant has not been followed by American 
 authors. It is given as the '' Celery-leaved Crowfoot " in the following English works: — 
 AVilhering's Arranu'ement of British I'lanis, Light foot's Flora Scotica. Smith's Eniilisli 
 Flora. Hookers I'.ritish Flora, Hull's Britisii Flora. Hooker and Arnott's British Flor.i. 
 Babiimii'Ms Manual of Itritisli B"'tany. aiul no doiil)! in many other books. The Society 
 of liotanists at Litclilield. in \~X-1. iindi'rtook to give an exact literal rendering in English 
 of the L:itin ■■ Si/slrniii Vi'gihihiliiim'' of Linn;eus. in which they had the assistance of ;i 
 larg<' nuiiilii'v of eminent authorities, in. hiding Dr. Samuel Johnson. In this work, 
 instead of i;iviim the veniaeiilar English names of the i)lanls. the nu'thod was a(l<ii>lei 
 generally of Mibstittiting for them I'higlish words as nearly equivalent as possible to tie 
 Latin Linnieaii - I rival." or si)ecilie names. H<iiiitn(iilus scfliraliis thus became the •■ Biiinjul 
 RaniiiK iilus.' Loudon, who in his publiralioiis took great pains lo popularizil Natural 
 History, by tin' use of l';iiglisli mune.s, rendered it the " y/wr//w/ Crowfoot."' Gray, prob- 
 ably ihinkiiiii that his predecessors luul not hit upon the true rendering of ".sce/e/vj/tf.-i," 
 called our plant with American frankness, the " Cufsal Crowfoot." lie is followed b\ 
 
 1 
 
CANADIAN HANUNCULACH.K. 
 
 33 
 
 \M)e Pnivinnhcr, who. in "FloniriiniKlii-imc," repents: ""Rciioiiiiilc .w/nv/Zc, CiirmI Crow- 
 r.H.t." Macouii ovidfiitly tliouijlit llii' ('i)it]ict.s hail wiixod stroii<r eiKmi;!! for ii ])hint that, 
 was not known to have »h)n«' harm, for in liis (latalonne we liml it stamliiiu' simply as 
 the "iV(u7(W.s Ihitterrnp." Troltat)!)' the tnui Eniflish n-nderiim' of the name wnuld he 
 ihe '' Blialfi-in'^" or " Biting" Ihitteictii), or Crowloot, as the " Ilerhu sii'lcruUr no (h)nl)t 
 oiiu'inally ohtained that aneii'iil name on aeeoimt of its snpremely aerid taste and 1)listi'r- 
 iiii:' properties. Ilndson (Fl. Aiiiil) (piotes ■• Uanuneiilus jiahistris Iferhti" as an article ol' 
 liluirmacy. Pennant, in 1772, ('''our in Seoiliiiid. 11.. p. 4:'.) wrote that the AVati-r liaimn- 
 enliis is nsed instead of I'antharides to raise hiisters."' Liiihtloot (1, e.) says: 'Th" whole 
 plant has a most aerimonions (jnality ; if hruised and laid ii|)on any part of the hody it 
 will in a few hours raise a Mister. StroUiim- heyyins havi- heen known sometimes 
 purposely to make sores with it, in order the more readily to move eomj)a.ssion." Other 
 early Fhmis and llerhals aive simihir testimony. The word, srelendus, is used in the 
 sense of " sharj)," "hot," " acrid " to the taste. I'lantus has " teritiir sinapis scelerata," — • 
 
 the mustard is beini;' ground. Also in llie sense of " noxious," deadly," hy Pliny: 
 
 " seeleratissimi serpentiuni," — ih.i\ ikadliesi serpent.s. It is donhtfid wlutlnr ihe lormation 
 of so-called I'Jimlish names for plants hy translation of their hotauical names is of any real 
 lieiu'lit. It is otherwise with vernacular names in actual use by the people of the countries 
 in whieh the plants jjrow ; these are of real imiM.rtance, not in a botanical i)oint of view 
 only, ]>ut in relation to languai"*', history and anthropolojiy. In the ca.si- of the present 
 plant, we have a u;ood well-used I'jiiilish mime in the "Celery-leaved Crowfoot." which 
 may very well displace all others. l{<tusseau d(>fended Linuieus lor u<iiiii- L:.iiii words not 
 iu Ci ".-roVs works, hy saying- that they miiihl have heen had Cicero wiittcn a system of 
 botany. So Dr. Johnson and the other Litchlield authorities niiirht h. •■ been careful to 
 preserve the vornaeulur plant-names if they had Ixicii comi)iling an Kuglish Dictionary 
 instead of aiming at a literal translation of a concise Latin book. 
 
 22. — liANT'NCt'Til'S L.\lM'ON'ICfS, LitlHOUS. 
 
 Leaves glabrous, the radical ones few. lony-petioled, tri])artite, the lobes dilated, 
 obtuse, coarsely, toothed : scape 1-llowered, usually naked, loniivr than the leaves : calyx of 
 ;• refl(>cted sepals. 
 
 Jill II H nail IIS Lapiionirmt. Linn. Sp. PI.. ]>. 7TS. Smith, in Fl. Lapponica, ed. ± i>. l!i4, 
 t. :], f. 4. DC. Syst. Nat. I., p. 271. Prod., I., p. ;').'). Hook., Parry's 3rd Voy. Ap)).. p. 121. 
 1' 1. Bor.-Am., L, p. 1(5. Hook. \' Arn., Pot. Pee.hey, i.. 121. Fl. Dan., t. 22!i2. Persoon, 
 Synops., II., 1). 104, No. 42. 
 
 Mossy woods in the eastern and cenuai districts, ami from lai. .')(i to tin- Arctic Sea. 
 Mountain 8wami)s, eastenv declivity of th.' Koeky Mountain.s, lat. ;52 to 'u —Dnimmunfl. 
 Whale Islands in the Arctic Sea.— />«/. «"■«. -A rare plant, beina- very „!pine or very 
 Arctic.— //fwAvT. Mossy swami^s alon<-' the base of the Por.upine Mountains, Manitoba; 
 swamp near St. Albert at Edmont.m. N. W.T. ; swamps along Little Stone Lake, N. W. T. : 
 and in numerous swamps in northern Hritish Columbia.— ,l/>«.w/w. Kotzebue Sound. 
 —R.thwr.k. Prince Arthur's Landing, Thunder Wax.— Re v. J. K. Mr Mori, u; (Macoun.) 
 Near McLeod Lake, Pritish Columbia, 22nd .Tune. \^V^ . — Mucoii ii , in Herb. Canad. 
 Siu-vev. East shore of PalUn Pay (west coast of (J reenlaud),— extreme north and south 
 
86 
 
 LAWSON: HKVIHION OK THH 
 
 limits ol)8t'ivc(l : 72 JH': (>!• !*'»'. — //(/r/, IJrit. I'olar ICxiul., 187r»-0. Jiicobshavu, Disco 
 Bay, Gn'fulaml, 18(17.— 7>V(>k'w. Iicland, 18(10. — Dr. IV. L. Lhnlsai/. This spt'cioH iiihnl>i(s 
 all Sir Joseph Hooker's liv«' .Antir Arras, hut does not attain thi- liii^hfHt latitiulfs. 
 
 i t; 
 
 2.'..— E.WrNCULl'S HYPERnOUEl'S. RotlhiiH. 
 
 Sli'Ui iililonii, < ii'i'iiinir. l-eavcs pi-iiolcd. trififl; IoIm-s (>Moni,'-<>val, divaricate, the 
 lateral ones soniewhiit 2-<lelt. tlie niifldle one entire, the short petioles sheathing; at tin' 
 hii.se. tlie slieiitiis aiiriiled hy two stipiile-like dilatations. Petals 1-flowered. Ilow'er 
 snndl. sepals rdlexed. petals yellow, shorter than the sepals. Heads of aehoiies globose, 
 or ovate I'lant ^rlal)rons or .sonn-what iniheseent. 
 
 'uanunadus hniwrbumi^. Kotthcll, Act. Hai'uitc, X., p. 4.'>8, t. 4, fig. l(i. (1770.) Fl. 
 Panica, t. S:'.!. (Trimen, .Tour. l?ot., XVIII., p. 278.) Ketzius, Trod. Fl. Seaml., n. (^.91. TK'. 
 Syst. Nat , I., p. 272. I'rud., I., p. -i'l. IJiown, I'arry's 1st \'oy., p. 24;!. Hook, I'any's 
 2nd Voy., App., p. 4: -ird Voy., App., i.. 21*. Fl. Bor.-Ain., I., p. 1(J. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. 
 Am., I., p. 20. Hook. f. \- Thoms., Fl. Indira 1., p. ;!2. Walp. Ann., IV., p. !!•. Hook, f., 
 Aret.ri., pp. 28:1 and .".12. 
 
 /»'. Ammnni. Gunner. I'l. Norvei^i.a, No. 82(5. (1772.) 
 
 Marshes in the IJocky Mountains, hit. 52' to .')7 . — Dnnnmoiul, in Hook., Fl. l?or - Am. 
 In Greenland, west coast, lat tiO' lo' to 72 48'. Disco and Upernavik. In very wet 
 liTound near Upernavik Settlement this plant is very common. — Hurt, IJiit. Polar Fxped , 
 187o-t!. .lacol)shavu and Akatont, Disco l»ay, Greenland, 18(!7. — Hriwu. Icoland, 18(10. — 
 Dr. ir. A. Liiiihii!). Norway, Lapland. Siberia. Spit/.bergen. Himalayas. Arctic 
 Areas of Europe, Asia and Greenland. — Iloalc. fil. 
 
 Sir Joseph Hooker observes that he has Keen uo Arctic American specimen of this 
 plant : all so called he thinks referable to jtf/<rmiPiis. Outl. Distr. Arct. VI., p. .■n2. 
 
 24.— Eantxculus HYPKUBOnEUH, mr. PYdM.-KUS, Wiihlvnbtr^. 
 
 Stem ereit, without creeping llagella. L'adical leaves i)etiolate, cauline ones sessile. 
 Stem Mlowered. Sepals somewhat rellexed, glabrous or slightly hairy. A very small 
 gla])r()us plant, with the habit of Su.rifrnu^a rivularis, and intermediate between R. hi/per- 
 Oureua and iiimlix. DC. 
 
 R(iniiiiailu.i pij'^muKs. Wahlenberg, Fl. Lapponica, n. 281!, t. 8, f. 1. I'ursh, Fl., II., p. 
 39.S. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. -7.!. Ho6k., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 1(5. Torr & Gray, Fl. N. Am., 
 I., p. 20. IJegel, Fl. Ost-Sib., I., p. 4iJ. Hook f., Arot. Fl.. pp. 28;'. and ;il2. Lawson, 
 Eanun.-. Canad., p. ;!0. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 22. Macoun, Cat. No. 40. Brown 
 Camp., Fl. Discoana, p. 447. 
 
 /?. iiivnlis, ft. Linn. Sp. Flautarum. p. 778. 
 
 R. niviiUs iit/ummis. Fl. Lapp., p. 282. t. :], f. 8. 
 
 R. Sibinii. \l. Br,, in Parry's It^ \'oy. App., p. 244. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 17. 
 Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 20. Durand, Kane Exp., p. 185. 
 
 R. hperboreus. Hook, f & Thomson, Fl. Indica, L, p. 32. ^Valpers, Annales, IV., p. I'.i 
 
 Moist grassy places ou the high parts of the Kocky Mountains, in lat. 5b\—Dtummon'/ 
 
 i 
 
GANAIiIAN RANUNCULACK.K. 
 
 67 
 
 Arrtic fSftt const bctwocii llO and \40. —Ilirhanlson. About Ikhriiig Strait on Ohamisso 
 Island, and that of St. Liivvrcnio — rVir/w/wo, Molvillo Island— /'«n-i/. Shoics of the 
 Ar.tic Sea, I.etwo.'n Maik.-n/i(' Wiver and Coppcrinint! Jiiviir. —liirlKiri/siw Lahnidor — 
 I'lirsh. Top of Mount Si'hvyii. IVac*- River I'uss, lat. 'ti>\—,\rinvu,i. liocky Mountains 
 n.'ar the 4!lth i)a:.ill()l. OOOO ft.— D/-. (I. M. Dnwnon. Akatont, .Ta(ol)shavn, Christianisliaab, 
 Illartlek. and Claushavn, Disco Hay, \mi.~Hrown. Kotzebuo Sound.— //ooA'. ,^- Aniolt, 
 15ot. \\wv\\^\.— Ri)lhr()ih-. i'^ist shor.' of Baffin Hay (west <'oiist of (InMMiland), cxtremo 
 north and south limits observed : lat. 11 48' ; (IH l.V ; especially oommon at Upernavick — 
 Hart, British Polar Expedition, IH?.-)-);. Unalaschka. Spitzbergen. Scandiiuivia. The 
 Tyrol. This is out; oi' Sir Josei)h Hooker's " most arctic," plants, being found far north in 
 all the five Areas into which he divides the .Arctic Kegion. 
 
 Hooker and Thoni.soii point «.ut, as the result of their cxaniinalioiis, that R. pyi^iiKiuis 
 dillers from II. lii/pirltDmis only in the want of st(dons. In Sikkim l)oth the erect and 
 stoloniferous forms occur, and Sikkim specimens cannot l»e distini,'uished from those of 
 the north of i'hirope. Wali)ers, Aimal.s, IV.. p. lit. See also Flora ludica. I,, p. ;!2, and 
 Hooker's t)utlines of Distribution of Arctic I'lants, Linn. Trans., IHtlO, p. :iV2. 
 
 2'}. — ItANUNOULUS NIVALIH, Lin^UCUS. 
 
 ]{adical leaves long-stalked, cleft palmately into a1)out five broad somewhat ovate 
 obt'. se lobes, the middle lolie obovate-ciuieilurui, narrowed at the base; cauline leaves 
 palnuite, nearly sessile. Flower .solitary, sepals covered with matted brown hair.s, 
 upper part of peduncle with similar but shorter hairs, petals longer than sepals. Adunes 
 glabrous, their beaks nearly straight. Form of leaf variable. 
 
 Rdtiiniculii.i iiivti/is. iiiiin. Si>. I'l., j). 77H, (in part). Gunneri Flora Norvegica, p. 62'7. 
 (170G.) Smith, in Kees' t'yc, n. .'W. DC. Syst. Nat.. I., p. -'7.'5. Trod., I., p. :ir>. Hook., 
 Fl. 15or,-Am., 1., p. 17. Kegel, Fl. f)st.-Sib., I., p. 39. Fl. Dan., t. 1G0!>. R. Ibown. in 
 Parry's 1st Voy. App., p. 264. K'ichardson, in Frankl. 1st Jour. App., cd. 2, p. 24. 
 (h-eville, M«>moirs Wernerian Soc. Fdin., III., p. 4:50. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am.. I., p. 17. 
 Torr. & Gr., Fl. X. Am.. I., p. 20. Hook. iSc Am.. Bot. Beechey, p. 121. Durand. Fl. 
 Kane, II., p. 448. Hook, f., Arct. PI., pp. 28:) and ;n2. Lawson, Rammc. Canad., p. 39. 
 Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 21. Macouu, Cat., No. 44. 
 
 R. friguhis. Willd., Spec. PI., II.. p. 1.512. DC, Prod., I., p, 3.5, Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., 
 1., p. 18 (under R. tiivnlis). 
 
 R. AUaiatx. Laxm., Nov. Com. Aiad, Petrop., 1774, XVIII., p. 533, t, 8. Ledeb., Fl. 
 Rossiea, I., p. 3Y. 
 
 Tx)fty parts of the Rocky Mountain chain, lat. .').">'. Drunmoml. Copper Mountains and 
 Arctic Sea coast, in muddy pools which Income dry during summer, long. 110°. — Rkhimhon. 
 Arctic roast near the termination of the Rocky Moiuitains, long. 140 . Sir J. FrnnhUii, Ctipt. 
 Rack. Behring Strait.— r//(^«/is.s(>. Kotzel)ue Sound. — Lay and CoUk, in Beechey's Voyage, 
 Holhrork. West rotust of Grei^nland, betw. lat. 70' and 71°, 1818-20.— IF.. 7f//Hrao«. Labrador. 
 — Ttrrrey ^ Clraij. Assistance Bay, south-west of Cornwallis Island. — Dr. Sutlitr/aiid. 
 Tsi-Tsutl Mountains, in miuldy pools which become dry during sunmier, loth July, 
 
 Hec. IV., 1884. 8. 
 
68 
 
 LAWSON: RKVISiON OP THE 
 
 1870.— i>r. G. M. Datmon, in Herb. Civri.ulian Sun-oy. East shoro of Bafiin Way or 
 Smith Strait '"West (Sr-'ciiland) : cxtn'ini' iiorthiMii ami 8outh»>rn limits olKst-rvod : Hi d' ; 
 (ii) IT)'. On west slum- of tlic Slrait ((!riniu'll liHiul), 82 27' : 81 42'. Flowering later 
 than «///■«/« in Discovery Hay, but remaining in blow throughout the summer. Ai>pearH to 
 have no choiee oi' wtation with regard to altitude or nature of soil, but growing more 
 luxuriantly a( low levels. In (lower June l7lh, in Disiovery Ray. Floel>erg Reach. — 
 Dr. Moss. I'Vom sea-level to :JiKt() feet near St. Patrick Ray. Not met with north of 
 Bessel Ray. — Ilmi, Rritish Polar Expedition, 187<i, in Journal of Rotany. Lapland. 
 Sweaen. Norway. Spitzhergen. Iceland. Thin is one of Sir Joseph Hooker's " most 
 arctic" plants of general (listrilmtion, tliat is, found far north in all the live Arctic Areas. 
 
 Mr. Harl, in speaking of the diliiculties due to climate and to the grazing of animals, 
 with which plants in the Arctic regions have to contend, observes that the brent goo-so 
 " prefers shoots and heads of llannnciihn nivalis." 
 
 Prof Oliver has described a variety of m'vnlis. with small flowers and pale hairs on 
 the calyx (Nares' Voyage, Vol. II, p. 310, ed. 187m), which Mr. Hart refers, probably 
 incorrectly, to }{. uiiricomiis, L., idmitifying this latter with 1{. <ij/inis, |{. Rr. lie says it 
 flowered earlier than the true nitialis, and disappeared (piickly, preferring ground slushy 
 with the first thaw at n high altitude. 
 
 !t 
 
 2G.— Rani'NCULXTs nivalis, var. sui.rnrRKfH. WiUson. 
 
 Lt^aves glabrous ; radical ones roundish obovate-cuneate, coarsely tool bed or ii it 
 
 the apex : eauline ones divided palmately into ■)-7 entire lobes ; stem one-llowored ; calyx 
 hairy, shorter than the petals. 
 
 K. nivalis, var. siilplmreas. "Watson, Ribl. Index, I, p. 21. Mucoun, Cat., under No 44 
 R. nivalis, var. /i. 'Wahlenberg, VI Lai)p., p. 1")7 (excl. syn.). Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I , 
 
 p. n. 
 
 a. sulpltiireuK. Solander. in Phipp's Voyage, p. 202. Greville & ]{. Rrown, PI. Scoresbv, 
 Spitzbergen, Wern. ^\om.. HI., p. 424. IX'. Syst. Nat,. I., p. 274 (excl. syn). Hichar.lsoii, 
 in Franklin's 1st Jour., ed. I.. !>. 742. Schlecht. Animadv., sec. II.. p. 15. 
 
 Kepulse Buy.— Dr. Rue, ex llerl). McTavish. Ellesmere Laud, but uot met with in 
 Grinni'll Land. East and west shores of Baffin Bay, lat. 78' 18' to 78" 50'. Luxuriant 
 at Foulke Fiord and along Hayes Sound. Elevation 700 feet at Foulke Fiord.— //«/•/. Brit 
 Pol. Exp.,187o-t;. Not met with north of Foulke Fiord. Spitzl)ergen.— «//>/. Seoreshi/. 
 
 Arctic shores and Lslauds, Labrador. Kotzebue Sound. Oreenland. Fiumark. 
 Siberia. 
 
 27.— R.\NUNCULUS NIVALIS, Var. EsCHSCHOLTZii, Watson. 
 
 Leaves eiliate ; the radical ones petiolate, always tripartite, the divisions lobed ; stem 
 about 1-flowered; sepals shorter than the petals, and clothed with fulvous hairs ; achenes 
 obliquely ovate, shortly pointed. 
 
 Ranunailus nivalis, var. EschschoUzil. Watson, King's Rep., X., p. 5. Ribl. Index, I., p. 
 21. Macoun, Cat., under No. 44. 
 
 I 
 
CANADIAN RANUNfULACE.L. 
 
 B9 
 
 R. Eschschollzii. Schlechtcndiil, Animiid\ orsutioiK's Rumiuc, II., p. 16, 1. 1. DC. Prod., 
 I., p. 86. Kook., Fl. Bor.-Am.J., p. 18. Torr. & Or., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 21. 
 
 Islands of ITnalnHchka and St. O.'orir,.. N. AV, Amorh-A.—Clinmisso. Near the regions 
 of perpetual wnow, on the border.s of strcaiii.s upon th.' Ilocky Mouutaina, lat. ;')2' to .'»6'.— 
 Drummonil. Pino River Pa.ss, \lwky Mountains, 24th July, 1H71).— D/-. G. M. Dawson, in 
 Herb. (^auad. Surv<^y. Top of Mount Sdwyn, Peac-e River Pass, lat. HG'.—Macoim. Rocky 
 Mountains near the 49th parallel ; and tlie T: iTnutl Mountains an .1 Coast Range, B.C.— 
 Dr. G. M. Dawson. Kotzehue Sound to Vi\\w Lisljurui'. — Rothmrk. 
 
 28. — Ranunculus P.vi,lasii, Schlechtendiil. 
 
 Stem creeping, fistulous; leaves all petioled, divided into three oval, ohovate or 
 (uneate lobes ; calyx of 3 sepals ; corolla of 8 petals ; carpels in a round hi^ad, thick, ovate, 
 glabrous, beaked. Allied to Fkaria in its triphyllous calyx, and iu having more than 5 
 petals. — Schlecht. 
 
 Riinunculus PalUmi. Schechtendal, Animadvoraationes Ranunc, I., p. 15, t. 2. Spreng. 
 Syst. Veg., II., p. 649. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 10. Don, Mill. Diet., p. 82. Torr. & 
 Gray., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 17. Ledebour, Flora Ros.sica, I., p. 31. Ascherson, Fl. Lab., in 
 Flora, XLIII., p. :?t;9. Hook, f., Ant. Pi p. 28;$. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 22. Macoun, 
 Cat., No. 53. 
 
 On the western shores of extreme Arctic America, beyond Rehring Straits, namely 
 in the Bays of Eschscholtz and Good Hope ; and on the little Island of St. George, to the 
 north of the Aleutian Islands. — C'liamisso. Kotzebue Sound. — Rolliroc/i-. Labrador. — Hook. 
 JU. Given in Sir Joseph Hooker's table of Arctic Distribution as occurring in the follow- 
 ing areas, viz. ; — Arctic Europe, Arctic Asia, Arctic W. America ; also within the area of 
 " N. E. Asia and Japan," and " N. W. America" ; confined, however, in the N. E. American 
 area to Labrador. 
 
 29. — Ranunculus Hookebi, Kegel. 
 
 Leaves minutely pubescent ; radical ones petioled, palmately or pedately divided, 
 with the lobes linear and entire (obtu.se). Scape erect, nearly naked, 1—2 flowered. 
 Sepals oval, concave, spreading, hairy. Petals yellow, slightly longer than the sepals. 
 Plant 3 to 4 inches iu height. Fruit not known. 
 
 Ranunculus Hookeri. Regel, Fl. Ost.-Sihir., I., p. 4*7, (1862). Watson, Bibl. Index, I. 
 p. 19. Macoun, Cat., No. 43. 
 
 R. pedatijidus. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 18, t. 8, fig. B., (excl. syn.) Torr. & Gr., Fl. 
 
 N. Am., p. 21. 
 
 Barren summits of the Rocky Mountains, on the eastern side of the ridge, lat 52 to 
 
 56°. — Drummond. 
 
 30. — liANUNCUiiUS ACKIS, Linnwus. 
 
 Root fibrous. Radical leaves palmately tripartite, segments trifid and deeply cut, upper- 
 most stem-leaf tripartite with linear segments. Peduncles round, not furrowed. Sepals 
 
60 
 
 l-AWSOX: RRVFSION OF THK 
 
 ,1 
 
 erect-patont, pubescent. Kocoptaclo glabrous. I'otiil.s yollow, palov than these of H. 
 re/ieiis or biilbosNi;. The plant is .slightly hoary with short pubi'sccnco. which gives it u 
 pale hue, whilst R. re/iens is always, in exposed places, of a dark green < olor. 
 
 Raniinni/us arm. Linn. Sp. TM., p. 77".). Tursh, Fl, 11., p. .'194. DC. Prod., I., p. :h;. 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-.\in., I., p. 18. Torn &: Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 21. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. S., 1 , 
 p. 14. (rray, Man., ed. 4, p 10. Hook., f.. Students Fl., ed. i\ p. 9. 
 
 An luiropcan jilant, introduced and now common ihroughout the cultivated parts of 
 Canada, a weed in pastures «"d by waysides (miicii less abundant than R. rejiem, whirh 
 spreads rapidly with rultivation) : not seen in woods reiuato from settlements. Commtiii 
 in central Ontario, as about Kingston, iS:c., and also in Nova Scotia, as Halifax County, 
 Truro and other parts of Colchester. — Lowson. Montreal and St. Johns, Q. — Dr. P. IV. 
 Marlagan. F'.lis Bay, Anticosti, July 1;'), \^Q\.--VerriU. Gaspe, common in h-iy lields, 
 18G2. — Br. J. Bell. Common about Hamilton. — Judge Logic. Frescott district, common. — 
 B. Billings jr. "Windsor, }\.i<.—Pruf. Hutc. Foint Kich, Newfoundland, May 7, ISdl. 
 — J. Richardson. Bidleville ; particularly abund mt about Sault Ste. Marie and Garden 
 Rivers.— Maconn. I^ake Manitoba, July, 1801.— i>/-. Srhidtz, No. 18. To lat. o8\— //oo^ 
 Becoming common in East Manito])a. — Macoun. 188-). New Brunswick, too abundant in 
 damp lields. — Fowkr. Icehuid. — Lindsai/. South tlreenlaiid. — Hook. Jil. 
 
 Animals reject this species, whilst they greedily eat R. repens. I have a very hairy 
 form, collected near Ki)igstou, 2oth July, 1860. 
 
 In Sir .Joseph Hooker's table of distribution of Arctic Plants (1800) this species is 
 eut. i-ed as indigenous in N.W. smd N.Ii]. America. But, in the Students' Flora of the 
 Briti.sh Islands, its distribution is given as follows :— Europe (Arctii) ; North Asia; intro- 
 duced in America. Mr. "Watson observes, in Index Bibl., that it is generally regarded as 
 introduced in America. That this is the correct view there can hv little or no doubt. 
 
 -31.— KaNUNCULI'.S UKl'ENS, LiniUillS. 
 
 Eoot of itrong fibres. Stem more or less erect, with prostrate creeping scions from 
 the base. Ler.f composed ofil stalked leallets, which are 3-lobed, the lobes trifid and cut. 
 Flowers large, golden-yellow, on furrowed peduncles, sepals erect-pctent, pubescent ; 
 receptacle hairy. Plant rough, with long hairs, or nearly glabrous. 
 
 Rxmmwdus repens. Linn. Sp. Fl., p. 770. Fl. Han., t. 70'). Eng. i'ot., t. .')lt5. Poir. 
 Die. VI., p. 112. Persoon, Synops.. 11., p. lO",, No. .'..i. Smith, Eng. Fl., III., p. 51. Hook., 
 Fl. Scot., p. 17.). DC. Syst. Nat.. I., p. 285. Babington, Manual, ed. ;l p. 8. Hook, f.. 
 Student's Fl., p. 7. Pnrsh, Fl., p, .31»4. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. Id. Torr. & Gr., Fl. 
 N. Am., I., pp. 21 and 058. Gray, Manu.al, ed. 5, p. 4:!. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., p. 8., 
 Hook, r, .\r, t. Pi., p. 28.!. AVood, CI. Bk. & Fl., p. 207. Lawson, Kanunc. Canad., p. -U. 
 Brew.'r & AVatsou, But. Calif., I., p. s. Watson. Bibl. Index, I., p. 23. Msk^ou.;, Cat., No. 
 48. Provancher, Fl. Canad., p. 11. 
 
 R. proMralHs. Pmret, Diet., Yf.. p, 11:;. Smith, in Reess Cvd., No. 55. Eaton, Man.. 
 
 ed. 5, p. :!.")8. 
 
 R. infeslns. Salisb. Prod., p. .'!7:5. 
 
 R.tmienlo.m. Poiret, Diet,, VI., p. 127. Pursh. Fl„ 11., p. :!!.4. DC. Syst. Nat.. I., p. 
 292. T, .VG., Fl.,I.^p. 23. _ 
 
OANADFAN lUNUXCULACK.K. 
 
 61 
 
 R. lanuginosus, var. y- Piirsh. Fl., II., p. *W4. 
 
 R. inlvmiedius. Eaton, Manual, ed. 3, p. 424. 
 
 R. Clinlonii. Beck, Flora, p. 0. 
 
 In fields and wot jmstures, abundant in many plaios, especially in the Maritime 
 Trovinres. Toronto, ind June, 18t)2; Quebec, May. 1884; Kini^ston ; Brockville ; Halifax. 
 — Liiwson. St. Joachim. Maiden. Common about Montreal (Mcdill College Herb.) ; 
 Little Metis, Q., 1882.— 3/wwm. 
 
 A small, depressed, smooth-lea\ed form of this species, with flowers no larger than 
 thocc of R. arris, and sometimes smiiller, occurs on the sea shore around Bedford Hasin, 
 Nova Scotia, and a similar one is occasionally found in poor wet soils inland, but it 
 appears to be quite a different plant from the R. nitidus of the South. (Cha])man, Fl., \^. 8.) 
 Watson (Uibl. Index) seems to identify Hooker's nituliis (which is obscure) with the latter. 
 A form in the Canadian Survey Herbarium, collected at Ottawa by Mr. Fletcher, and 
 referred by I'rof. Macoun to var. nilii/iis (Chai)man), is small, almost glabrous, with small 
 flowers, and closely resembles the Nova Scotian plant. 
 
 In its several forms this species ranges over Northern Europe to Iceland, N. and W". 
 Asia, N. Africa, as well as over a large portion of North America, both as an indigenous 
 plant and in its weed-form in cultivated fields. It ascends lo 2700 feet on the mountains 
 of Scotland. In Western America it extends south to California. It is a very variable 
 plant, the prolific mother of many book species. Proneness to variation, like adapta])ility 
 for cultivation, depends to a large extent upon the elasticity of a plant in suiting itself to 
 
 changed condition-^ 
 
 We see this well illuotratcd in the present species. 
 
 ;J2. — ILvNTiNOtTTiUS KKPEXS, v(ir. Hi.<l'im's. Torre// \ Gray. 
 
 Stem more or less ere<t, clothed with long, spreading, bristly haiis ; pedicels with the 
 pubescence appressed, or less spreading. 
 
 Ranum;i/us repenx, var. his/mlus. Torr. & Gr., Kl. N. Am., I., p, O^S. Chapman, Fl. 
 S. U.S., p. 8. Watson, 15ibl. Index, I., p. 2;!. Macoun, Cat. No. 48 b. 
 
 R. hispirlus. Michaux, Fl., [.. p. ■•!21. DC. Sy.st. Nat., I., p. 28ii. I'rod., I., p. -l!). 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am.. I., p. 1!», in part (Watson). Torr. & Or., Fl. N. Am.. I., p. 22. Ho<.k. 
 
 f.. Arct. ri., p. 283. . ^ 
 
 R. MarilomUais. Poiret. Diet., VI.. p. 12.i. Pursh, Fl, II., p. 304. IH . >yst., I., i>, 
 
 291. Prod., I., p. 40. 
 
 R Peiitisi/lriiiiirtis and Vliiloiiolis. Pursh, Fl., p. -•'.'.•8. 
 
 R fasrindaris. IJarlon. Fl, Phil, II.. V- 25. not of lUgelow. 
 
 r'. 8,-hl,rhlend„lii. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am.. I., p. 21. Torr. .S: Gr., Fl. N. Am,, I„ i-p, 24. 
 
 and (),'.9. 
 
 R rrpenx, \i\r. Marihunlints. Torr. \- (rray, Fl. N. Am., I., p. ol. 
 
 In moist .shady situations. Hanks of the Humbcr, Toronto.-I^/i^.w^ OKawa,- 
 Fletrhn Prescott, Ont.-K. RilUnt^^ Jr. T.on<lon. (hxi. -Saunders. Ham il ton. -Lo-te. 
 GAt-B„rI,an. Chippewa and Mal.len. t)nt.-/).. P. IF. Marlaf^a.. Magdalene River. 
 (}asp6 Que • Cold Creek, Onl. ; Manitoba, westward.-J/^nw,//. Kivicre du Loup, Que.— 
 nomas. Common near iin.h... -Braatf. Sackville River, N.S.-L«»m«. Montreal and 
 Newfoundland, McGiU ColU'ge ll^^rh.- Marom,. Mackenzie nivin:-Bar>,sfo„. 
 
 IH 
 
 tl 
 
62 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 LAWSON : REVISION OF THE 
 
 33.— RaNUNOT'T.US OCCIDENTALIS, Nuttall. 
 
 " Hirsuto, with shining, sproadiug hairs ; loavos trifid or 3-parted; segments cuncato 
 and trifid or incisoly toothod, the lateral ones often sub-divided ; the uppermost leaves 
 trilid, with linear acute segments ; stem divaricate, many ilowered ; sepals reflexed, IimH' 
 as long as the elliptical oblong petals; carpels smooth, much compressed, with the 
 revolute style nearly their own length." — Null., in Torr. & Grr., Fl. N. Am. 
 
 RiiniinciiliiK orcideiMilh. Nuttall, in Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 22, exel. syn. 
 "Gray, Proc. Am. A.ad., VIII., p. 374." Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 21. 
 
 A*. Impidiis. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 19, in part. 
 
 R. Californicus. Maoouu, Cat., No. 50. 
 
 R. acris. Macoiin, Rep. Geol. Survey Canad., 18t5. 
 
 Abundant in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. — Maroun. Plains of the 
 Oregon liiver, near woods. — Nuttall. 
 
 34. — R.A.NUNCULUS Pennsylvanicus, Linnwus. 
 
 Roughly hirsnte, with strong spreading bristly hairs. Stem strong and ere( t. 
 Leaves of 3 distinct, slightly stalked leatlets, which are ovate-acute, ternately cleft and 
 toothed, strongly veined. Calyx rellexed. Petals bright yellow, shorter than the sepals. 
 Carpellary heads oval-oblong on an elongated receptacle ; carpels smooth, v/ith short 
 straight beaks. 
 
 Ranum-iiliis Penmj/lvanicus. Linn, fil., Supplemeutum Plantarum, p. 272 (1781). Linn. 
 Syst. Vegt., Litchfield Bot. Soc, p. 442 (1782). Willd., Sp. PI., I., p. 1323. Poiret Diet., 
 VI., p. 120. Biria, Renonc, p. 41 (exd. syn. Poir.). Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil., II., p. 2.V 
 Persoon, Synops., II., p. 104. Sm., in Rees' Cycl., n. 46. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 392. DC. 
 Syst. Nat.. I., p. 290. Prod., I., p. 40. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 19. Back's Exp., p. r>23. 
 Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 22. Torrey, Fl. New York, I., p. 15. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., 
 p. 8. Gray, Manual, ed. 5, p. 42. Wood, CI. Bk. & Flora, p. 207. Provancher, I'l. 
 Canad., I., p. 11. Law.son, Rannnc. Canad., p. 35. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 22. Macoun, 
 Cat., No. 47. Hook, f, Arct. PI., p. 283. 
 
 R. Camdeiim. Jacquin, Miscellanea, II., p. 343 (1781). Icones PI. Rariorum, I., t. 
 10.') (1781-8(1). 
 
 R. trifoUiif. Md'n. h, Suppl,, p. 70. 
 
 R. hhpiduf. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 395. 
 
 Nicolet and Chippewa.— i)r. J'. W. Maclugan. Hinchinbrook, Ont., July, 1862; 
 between Kingston and Waterloo, Ont., 25th July, 18t!0.— Z,nw.sw«. Belleville, abundant in 
 wet waste places.— A/rtww/t. Prescoit distri.t, wastes, common.— ii. Billhu^s Jr. St. 
 Joachim.— iV(UY(/M/ier Fort Simpson, June.— iVfclaris//. Fort Garry, Jul; , 1801.— /.>r. 
 St'liuHz, sp. No. 12t;, Lake Winnipeg.— 5w/.'. To lat. HT.— Hooker. West to the Paiilic— 
 Torr. .V Gray. Nepean— «. 7j///jw^r,. j,-. Athabasca.— if. King, Back's Exped., 1833-4. 
 Pictou, N.S.-iVfcAV/.!/. Wet: phuvs, New Brunswick, rather Y&n\—Fou'fer. Gaspe, Riviere 
 duLoiii., district of Montreal and River Rouge, P.(J. ; Ottawa; St. Catherines, Toronto, 
 Ont. ; wooded country to the Rocky Mountains, through British Columbia to the Paciiic— 
 
 H 
 
 w-^ 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACK.E. 
 
 63 
 
 Macoun. To within tho Arctic Circlo, in sub-areas : Arctic Western America and Arctic 
 Eastern America.— //ooA;. ftl. (The first sub-area includes the Arctic district from Bchriusr 
 Straits eastwaid to the Mackenzie River, and the second, that from Mackenzie River to 
 BafBn Bay.) 
 
 35. — Ranunculus recurvatus, Poiiet. 
 
 
 Hirsute, with fine spreading hairs. Stem eroct, branched above. Leaves long 
 petioled, all similarly cleft into three oval or somewhat cuneate lobes, which are cut and 
 toothed towards the apex ; radical leaves less deeply divided than the cauline ones, and 
 with more rounded lobes. Sepals reflcxcd ; petals shorter than the sepals, pale yellow. 
 A<henes crowded into a compixct round head, with conspicuous slender recurved beaks. 
 
 Ranunculus recurvntm. Toii.'t, Diet. Bot., VI.. p. 123 (1804). Pursh, Fl. Am., II., p. 3l»4. 
 DC. Syst., T., p. 290, excl. var. Nehimi Trod., I., p. ;J9. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 20, 
 exd. vars. Torr. & Gr., FI. iV. Am , I., pp. 22 and OoS. Torrey, FI. N.Y. I., p. 16. Chapman, 
 Fl. S. U.S., p. 8. Gray, Manual, cd. 5, p. 42. Watson, Bil)l. Index, I., p. 22. Macoun, 
 Cat., No. 89. Wood, V\. Bk. & Fl., p. 207. 
 
 R. Penmylvanicus, var. Biria, Hist, llenoiic, p. 41. 
 
 R. lanugimsus. Walter, Fl. Carol., p. 159 
 
 R. saniculaformis. Miihl., Cat., 56. 
 
 Not uncommon in the country along the north short; of Lake Ontario, and extending 
 more sparingly eastward through Quebec to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. West- 
 wardly it disappears, according to Prof. Macoun, at Lake of the Woods. I have not quoted 
 the localities given in Hooker's Flora Boreali-Americana, viz., Labrador, mouth of the 
 Columbia, and eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains, as they probably refer to other 
 species. 
 
 Banks of the Humber and near Toronto, 2nd June, 1802 ; Hardwood Creek, 10th 
 July, 18G1 ; Delta, 2nd July, 18G2 ; Ncwboro'-on-the-Rideau, 23rd July, 1859; near 
 Trenton, 6th June, 1862 ; Sloati^ Luke, Sydenham, Out., 7th June, l^ii'^.—Lun-son. 
 Sulphur Spring, near Ancaster, July, 1859.— ZrOij/t'. Frescott district, in woods, common. 
 li. BUlinfrs Jr. Nicolet, and Chippewa, Out.— 7>. P. W. Madagun. Belleville, abundant 
 in low, moist woods. — Macoun. Common in Caledou.— iJer. C. I. Cameron. Pied du Cap 
 Tommente.—Provancher. Bass River, Kent, Hi.K—Fou-ler. Pictou, N.S.— /I. //. McKai/. 
 Beaumont, St. Joachim, Pied du Cap Tourmente, V.q.— Brunei. Montreal Mountain and 
 the Eastern Townships.— //e;A. McGitl. Othiy/ a. —Flelcher. More abundant westward, 
 disappearing at Lake of the Woods. — Macoun. 
 
 i I 
 
 36.— Ranuncui-us Nelsoni, Grai/. 
 
 Pilose. Stem erect. Radical leaves ternately cleft, the divisions laciniately cut into 
 lobes. Pedicels with appressed pubescence. Sepals strongly reflexed, hairy. Petals 
 yellow, slightly longer than the sepals. Fruit heads globular : achenes flattened, with a 
 short curved beak, hairy. 
 
 Ranunculus Ne:soni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., VIIL, p. 373. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., 
 
 p. 20. Macoun, Cat., No. 49. 
 

 64 
 
 LAWSON: REVISION OF THE 
 
 R. rrrHmitiis, /3. Nehiwi. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 200. Prod., I., p. 40. Hook., Fl. n..r.- 
 Am,. I., p. 20. Torr. iiiul lir., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 2'). L.'dl). Fl. Hoss., I., p. 44. 
 
 R. reniriuiliis. ]iun<x. \'v\f. Sitch., p. 12:!. Nui of I'oirot and otht'v.s. 
 
 R. lu-ritlenlalis. Torr. and Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 22., in part. 
 
 R. om'ileiitiilis, xar. ptirrilloru.i. Torrcy, Bot. Wilkes, p. 114. 
 
 Unalii.sclikii iiiid tlic .Vli'utiiin Island.s. — D. xVe/.w//. Sitka. — lit>ni!;(iitl, Rothror/,-. Near 
 Victoria, Vaiirouvcr I.sland. — Mtuomi. Qm't-u Oharlotto Islands. — Dr. G. M. Dawson, in 
 Herb. Canud. Survey. On-j^on to Alaska. — /*»/. Cttlif. 
 
 ;'.7. — KANlNCriAS N'KIiSONI. (•(/;•. TENELM'S, Gmif. 
 
 Spiirinu'iy pih>s •. Sti'in cr.'ct. si^'udi-r. Kudii al leavt's tcrnatcly clfft into separate 
 leull'ts. eiuiiiite at l)ase. laeiuiately clert. iir els,' simply elel't and the divisions johi'd. 
 Flowers suuili. l'"ruit heads globular, aeli-n -s smooth. \ more delioale and slender 
 plant tlian tlie type, willi more divided smaller leaves. 
 
 Hiiniiiniliis AW.<,'///, var. ti'iirlhis. (Jray. i'roe. Am. Arad.. VIIl., i>. :!74. Watson, Ihlil. 
 Index, I., p. 20. Maeoun, Cat., under No. 49. Brewer and Watson, Bot. Calif., od. 2, 
 I., p. 8. 
 
 R. h'liellua. Nutt., in Torr. and Gray, Fl. N. .Am., I., p. 2:!. Walp. Rep., I., p. AH. 
 Hook., in Lond. Jour. Bot.. Vl.. p. t'.7. 
 
 Yuneouver Island, near Yale, and alont;' the waauon road from Clinton to (Juesnal, 
 B. C. — Miiniiiti. Shady woods of the Oregon and Wahlamel Rivers. — Niitlitll. Sierra 
 Nevada, near Yosemite. — Holaniler. 
 
 ;!8.~l{A.NtNcrMs FASCK.'iTiAHIs, Miililniherg: 
 
 llool roiuposed of ii fascicle of thick lleshy fibres, or slender fusiform tubers. Stem 
 short. L'avesternatcly (livid mI in a pinnatilid manner, more or less compound, pulx'scciit 
 wth appressed silky hairs. Petals twice as long as the si-pals. Carpels very shcn't, 
 usually margined, with sliiid r t 'rminal b;'aks. Some of mv specimens are precisely like 
 Hookers figure in Fl, 15,-A., but the plant varies with much broader and more irregular 
 leaf-lobes. 
 
 Riiiiiinniltis fmrini/tirh. Miihlenberg, Cat., p. 56. Bigelow, Fl. Bost., p. 1:!7. DC. 
 Syst., I., p. 201. Trod., 1., p. 40. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 20, t. 8, l". 1. Torr. and (ir., 
 Fl. N. Am.. I., p. 2.1. Torr., Fl. N.Y., I., p, ]f> Gray, Manual, ed. 5, p. 4'H. Wood, CI. lik. 
 and Fl., p. 200. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad.. p ;;4. Watson. Bibl. Index, I., p. 18. Maeoun, 
 Cat., No. ;50. 
 
 This species is indicated by Sir William Hooker (Fl. Bor.-Am.) as ra'vjing from 
 •Cana.la" (which included, at the time he wrote, the provinces of I/)wer Canada or 
 Quebec and Ipper Canada or Ontario) to the .south end of Lake Winnipeg. But the 
 residts of sub.sequeiit ob.sorvatiou tend to limit this range; the jjlant has been ob,served, 
 so far, only in the districts lying on the north aiul west shores of Lake Ontario, not 
 extendiuii- either into Quebec east wardlv nor w.'stwardly into Manitoba and the Nortli- 
 West Territory. 
 
 '• \. 
 
(!ANA DFAN RANUNCULACK.I-;. 
 
 63 
 
 Kingston Millfi, only one small patch, 1843 ; also Chippewa and Maldon.— i)/-. P. W. 
 Madagan. Near Toronto, .Tnne 2nd, :862, and near Trenton, Ont., June 6th, 1862 ; also on 
 hilly ground in the vale ol" Trout, above the village.— Zwswi. Trenton depot ; on commons 
 east from Belleville, and on hill above Uelleville ; Niagara VaWa.—Mumim. Hamilton, 
 Out, — Liygie. Common east of Ijoudon, Out. — Suumkra. 
 
 80. — RANUNCfl.UW BUI.BOSCS, L'muciis. 
 
 Root of uniform fibres, descending from the large bulbous base of the stem, the bulb 
 depressed-globular. Radical leaves composed oi three stalked leaflets, which are tripartite, 
 the segments trifid and out, divisions of the upper leaves narrower, linear. Stem erect, 
 about a foot high, furrowed, several llowered. Sepals redt'xed, thin and semi-transparent 
 at the base, receptacle hairy, petals of a golden yellow as in R. repens. The stem never 
 throws out suckers. The year's bulb is formed immediately above the bull) of the previous 
 year, which is found in a partially decayed state under tht; new one. Bidbom Craw-foot, 
 Buttercup, (lold Cup. 
 
 Ronunciiliis l)iitt)oxiis. Liuu. Sp. Plant., p. YTS. Withering, Arrangement of Brit. Pts,, 
 II., p. 508. AVilld., II., p. i;i24. Toiret, Diet., VI., p. llo. Eng. Bot., t. 515. DC Syst. 
 Nat., I., p. 205. Prodromus, I., p. 41. Smith, Enir. Fl, III., p. 40. Persoon, gynops., I., 
 p. 104. Flora Danica., t. 55. Michaux, Fl, I., p. 321. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 302. Hook., 
 Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 21. Torr. and Gray, ^^1., I., p. 24. Gr. IManual, ed. 5, p. 43. Wood, 
 CI. Bk. and Fl., p. 20*7. Chapman, Fl. S. C S., p. 8. Lawson, Kanunc. Canad., p. 35. 
 Provancher, Fl. Canad., p. 12. Watson, Bibl. huiex, I., p. 18. Macoun, Cat., No. 46. 
 Hook, f., Student's FL, p. 8. Watson, Cybele Brit., I., p. 88. Alton f , Hort. Kew., III., p. 
 356. Loudon, Hort. Brit., p. 231. Mag. Nat. Hist., I., p. 380 (figure of double bulb). 
 
 This is an old world plant, native in middle and southern Europe and in parts of 
 north Africa and of Asia. In Europe it grows chiefly in warm dry grass fields, pastures, 
 and by waysides. On the American Continent it has become naturalized, being " very 
 abundant only in E. New Eniiland : rare iu the interior." (Gray.) First fouiul in Canada 
 hy Lddi/ Dalhoiisie. Newfoundland. — Morrison. (Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am.) Roadsides near Lonr 
 don, Out. — Dr. Burgess, in Herb. Canad. Survey. Point Pleasant Park, Halifax, N.S., July, 
 1884. — Rev. Jioht. Laing. Near Shelburn(>, Nova Scotin. — Rev. Mr. Rossborough. Also found 
 in pastures near Barrie, Ont. — Spo/lru. And neiir Hamilton, Out. — Buiiuiu. Canadian 
 specimens are rather taller and more lax ilian the ordinary state of the plant as found in 
 Scotland. Wliilst abundant in I'lngland and the south of Scotland, this species is rare or 
 altogether ab.sent in the nortli, iuid does not ris(^ to any great altitud(i on the mountains, the 
 liighest station apparently Ix-ing 1500 feet in Aberdeenshire, where II. C. Watson regarded 
 it us not indigenous l)ut possildy introduced. In Caiuula it has probably been brought 
 with grass or clover seeds from Southern Europe, but now appears to be permanently 
 established in several localities. 
 
 The name Rimuncuhis bnlhosus, now in us(« by botanists for tli-s plant, dates back to a 
 period long anterior to the reformation of botanical nomenclature by Linuicus, having been 
 applied to it by Thalius in the " Sylva Hercynia," published at Frankfort in 1588. About 
 
 Sec. IV., 1884. 9. 
 
N-iif 
 
 66 
 
 LAWSON: RKVISION OK TIIK 
 
 tho snmo period it was dcsiribod in the work.: of Dodonmus and othors as R. liilwrosnx 
 wliilst TiiberiKiMnontaims liguri-d it as R. minus, and Petivor, in the Eui^lish Herbal, 
 called it '•J)nlbous Crow-foot." 
 
 The old books eontain a double variety (/i. biilhosKS fore jili-tio, V. lUuihin, I'inax, 17!^), 
 which Provaiuher refers to as the BhuKih dor of French Canadian gardens, R. bulbusm, 
 Lobel, Icoues, 600, f 2. (loKl). 
 
 40. — EaNunculus dioitatus, HtH)ker. 
 
 Aeanles.^'iit. glabrous, root a fascicle of 8 to 5 clavate tubers (as in tho common Euro- 
 ]' an R. Ficiiriii). L«'aves few, petiolate, the lamina divided in a digitate manner into from 
 3 to 4 obloHii-spathulate lobes. Flowers 1-3. terminal ; sepals spreading or reflexed, half 
 the length of the petals ; petals t-11 oblong-cuneate, obtuse, yellow, with a nectary-scalo 
 at the daw. Stamens numerous. Carpels in a nearly globose head, ovate, compressed, 
 with a subvalate very slightly recurved beak. 
 
 RtDiiiiiciiliis rliiiildliis. Hooker, Jour. Bot. iiud Kew Gard. Misc. HI. (1851), p. 124, t. 4. 
 "VValpers, Ann. (Miiller), IV., p. 17. J^iwson, Kanunc. Canad., p. 43. Watson, Kings 
 Reports, V., p. 8. Bibl. Index, VIII., p. 18. 
 
 Rocky Mouutrins [probat)ly Peai^e River], Van Exjn-ess Party, spring of 1854.— 
 Governor McTan'sh, H. B. Co. Rocky Mountains near Fort Hall [Orego"], Hook. 1. c. 
 
 RANi'Ncrus OKTiioiuiY.vciU's, (Hookir), has not, so far as known, been found in 
 British America. It is a slender plant with much divided leaves, the ultimate lobes 
 narrow and linear. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am,. I., p. 21, tab. 0. Oregon.— i)oMg'/rt.s. See Gray, 
 Proc. Am. Acad.^ VIII., p. 373. 
 
 Genus VII.— CALTHA, Linnaus. 
 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plantarum, I., p. 6. 
 
 list of Species : — 
 
 1. C. palustris. 
 
 2. C. palustris rnr. Sibirica. 
 
 3. C. natans. 
 
 4. C. leptosepala. 
 
 5. C. leptosepala ? var. biliora. 
 
 1.— Caltiia palu8TR1«, Linnums. 
 
 Stem ihiik, hollow. Leaves rounded, reuiform, or cordate, lobes rounded, margin 
 crenately notched or nearly entire. 
 
 Caliha imluslrh. LiuJi. Sp. Plant., p. 784. Fl. Dan., t. 668. E. B., t. 506. Forst., 
 Trans. Linn. Soc, VIII., p. 323. IJC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 308. Michaux, Pursh, &c. Hook., 
 Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 22. Torr. and Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 26. Gray, Manual, p. 24. Hook. 
 U Arct. PI, j.p. 283 and 312. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad., p. 44. Macoun, Cut., No. 54. 
 Watson, Bibl. Index, I, p. 8. 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACR;R. 
 
 67 
 
 C. arctica. R. Br., in Parry's 1st Voy. Appeuclix, p. 265. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am I n 
 22. Torr. and Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 2t. ' 
 
 C. nrtlwrhi/mha. Iluprecht, Fl. Caucas, p. 28. 
 
 C. palustm, var. orlliorhi/ncha, Trautv., Emimer. V\. Kadde., p. 493. 
 
 C. Himnlcnm. Don., Prod., p. 104. (S.'o Walpers, Ann. Bot., IV., p. 31.) 
 
 C. Govoniana. Wallich, Cat. No. 4710. Iloyle, 111., III., p. 54. 
 
 C. paniculata. Wall., Cat., No. 4711. 
 
 The following described species, chielly Au.strian, are probably not really distinct, 
 except as varieties :—C. mrmita, Schott ; C. latifoUa, Schott ; C. kcla, Schott ; C. intermedia, 
 Schott ; C. vulgari.% Schott ; C. alpes/ris, Sthott ; C. Guerungeni, Schott. (Analecta Bot. 
 " (Estr. Bot. Woch. Bl., 1855, p. 391.") Walpers, Ann. Bot., IV., pp. 30-31. 
 
 Populago. Kay, Synops. Stirp. Brit. (1090.) 
 
 Tusulugo, sine Farfugiiim. Mathiolus. 
 
 Throughout Canada in the plains, frequ(Mit.— //ooter. La1)rador.— M»-mo/*. Colum- 
 bia.— i>/-. Scolder. Near Kingston Mills, May 24th, 1859, and in several places along the 
 course of the Rideau Canal ; aJ)undaut in several places between Montreal and Ottawa, 
 1884.— ZrfiKWrt. Amherstburg.— Z);-. Kemp. Osnabruck and Prescott Junction, May 20th, 
 1859.— iJer. E. M. Epstein. Bass River, Kent, N.B.— Tfer. .T. Fowler. Swamps, Addington 
 County, Ont., June, 1800.— Dr. Dupuia. York Factory.— M/i'^ws/t. Opposite Gros Cap, 
 June 15th. — Dr. R. Bell. Hamilton, in wet ground east from the city, near Mr. Aikman's 
 house, April 25th, 1800. — Logie. Prescott district, common.— 5. Billings Jr. Mingau 
 and Anticosti, 1801. — Verrill. Gaspe, mouth of 1 )ougla.sto vvu River, etc., June 3rd and 
 9th, 1862.— Z)r. /. Bell. St. Anne River, Gaspe, June, \%m.— Porter, in Herb. Oauad. 
 Survey. Newfoundland, L'Anse du Loup, Straits of Bclleisle, July, 1801. — /. Richardson. 
 Whycocomagh, Cape Breton, July 22nd, 1883. — Maroiin, in Herb. Canad. Survey. Bass 
 River, N.B., in 11., June 1st, 1807, June 2iul, 1809, May :i0th, 1870.— Fow;/er. Lake Winni- 
 peg. — R. King, Back's Kxped., 1833-4. Throughout Quebec. — Briinet. Extending across 
 through the finest country to the Rocky Mountains. — Macoun. Coast of the Arctic Sea 
 and Melville Island. — Hook. f. Richard's Island, at the mouth of the Mackenzie River. 
 — Pullen. Coast of the Arctic Sea, long. 107' to 150 . — Richardson, Franklin, Back. Melville 
 Islands. — Parry, Hook., Fl. B.-A. Iceland and North of Europe, North and West Asia to 
 the Himalayas. Sir Joseph Hooker remarks that the absence of every form of Caltlia in 
 Greenland is a most remarkable fact, this one being most a])undant and conspicuous in 
 Iceland. 
 
 A double-flowered variety, still cultivated in gardens, was found wild in England iu 
 Ray's time, by D. I^awson, (Synops. 2 ed., ItiOO, p. 154), but it may have been known as a 
 garden plant before that time, as it is described by C. Bauhin (1071). Sir J. Hooker refers 
 the double variety to C. Giwengcrii, probably C riparia, Don. 
 
 2. — C. luiiUSTiu?*, var. SiiURio.4., Regel. 
 
 Stem sub-erect, 1-flowered; leaves reni form-cordate, with the sinus obtuse, crenate ; 
 sepals 0-7, oval. 
 
 Caltha palustris, var. Sihirica. Regcl, Fl. Ost.-Sibir., L, p. 52. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., 
 p. 8 (exci. synonyms ?) Macoun, Cat., No. 54 (2). 
 
68 
 
 LAWSON: IJEVISION OF TUB 
 
 C. amrifoh. DC. Syst. Nut., I., p. 3nO. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Ara., I., p. 22. Terr, k Gr., 
 Fl. N. A., I.," p. 27. 
 
 Cpahistru!, var. (isnrifolia. Ivothroek, Fl. jMaska, p. 442. 
 
 Unala-schka and Aloutiaii Islands. — D.Nehon, in Ilorh. Banks, DC. Syst. Nat. Alaska. 
 
 Rothrock. Ilookor, although ho kopt this apart as a species in Flora Bor.- Am., suspected 
 
 it to be too near to C. jmlHSlris. 
 
 3.— Caltha natans, Pallas. 
 
 Stem reoiimbent, floating, flexuous, much branched, rooting. Leaves reniform-cordati>, 
 crcnate, with the lobi's somewhat approximated, obscurely crenate near the base, toothed 
 towards the apex, tlu^ siuiis deeper than in C. paluslm. Flowers \ inch in diameter. 
 Sepals oval. Folliiles iu a dense head very much shorter and broader than in patiislrin, 
 about I inch iu length, with a straight beak Flowers of nearly a pure white, according 
 to Sir .Tohn Eichard.son, a.>< (juoted by Hooker. 
 
 Callha natans. Palli, ;, Itin. Russ., ed. Germ., III., p. 248. Forst., Trans. Linn. Soc, 
 VIII., p. 324. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 300. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. .311. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., 
 p. 22. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 2t. Lawson, llanunc. Canad., p. 45. Watson, ]?ibl. 
 Index., I., p. S. Macoun, Cat., No. 23. 
 
 Cpulnslris, var.. Hook. 1"., Ant. Fl,, pp. 2S3 and 312. 
 
 Creeping on the surface of deep sphagnous bogs, in the woody central districts from 
 Canada (Ontario) to lat. GO , rare. — lUchardMm, Driimmond, Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. This pro- 
 bably carries the range of the plant too far east. Flowing stream twenty miles west 
 of Edmonton, on the Lac la Nun road, N.W.T., 1872; Peace River tributaries, near Fort 
 St. John ; Mctliy River, near Methy Portage, li>t. T)?' N. — Macoun, in Herb. Canad. Survey. 
 The Amur and Kamtschatka ; first found in Eastern Siberia by Pallas. Sir Jo-seph Hooker 
 (Outl. Dist. Arct. PI.) refers this as a form of C. imlustn's, stating that the prevalent opin- 
 ion amoiiffst ))otanists is to unite as varieties radirans and aniira also ; he points out that 
 this is a iloating plant, aifecting high latitudes only. It appears to me to be sulhcicntly 
 distinct, the close head of short, crowded follicles being very characteristic, as well as the 
 habit of the plant, and the form of the leaf. R. Brown distinguishes natans by its capsules 
 being in a dense head, — arclira having linear anthers, — and natans, he says, has smaller 
 leaves, white flowers and oval anthers. Collectors who may meet with the living plants 
 will do well to notice these points. 
 
 4.— Cat.tiia leptosepala, DeCandolle. 
 
 Root a fascicle of very long, straight, thick, simple fibres. Leaves radical, their 
 petioles closely aggregated and sheathing ea(;h other by the very broad, thin, mem1)ranons 
 marginal wing. Lamina elliptical-oblong, oval or heart-shaped, with acute basal s'mus, 
 and more or less sagittate, nearly euiire or coarsely crenate, glabrous ; first leaves smaller 
 and shorter than the lat(>r ones and with shorter petioles. Flowers, one or two from the 
 same root, but always on .separate stalks; plant never branched, as shown iu Hooker's 
 figure 1 ; figure 2 shows it well. Flower 1 inch to \\ inch across ; sepals about 8 or 0, 
 
 s. 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACB.E. 
 
 C9 
 
 pure white w.th a blue or jrroon m.>lalHr tin-e on the loWor evirfacc. Anthers lonff 
 narrow, linear, pollen grains small globular, paler. One of the lirst llowers to bloom in 
 spring-tnne m the cold bogs at the edge of dissolving snow at high elevations on the 
 Kocky Mountains. Boiled and us^d as gre..ns l»y the miners in Colorado 
 
 Caltha kplosepala. DV. Syst. Nat., I., p. 310. Prod., I., p. 45. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am I 
 p. 22, tab. 10. figs. 1-G. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. km., I., p. 2Y. Gray, PI. Fendler., p.' 4. 
 Brewer & Wats., B. Cal., p. !). 
 
 C. biftom. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 1 Macoun, Cat. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 310? 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., p. 22? Torrey and Gray, Flora N. Am., I., p. 27? 
 
 C. sagittiUa. Torrey, in Ann. Lye. N.Y., H., p. 164 (exol. synon.), according to Torrey 
 and Gray. 
 
 The sepals are not brightly shining on the inner surface, as in C. jmlustris and the 
 buttercups (in which the cells containing the colouring matter are extremely small, compact 
 and flat, forming a smooth surAvc(^), but have the texture of the sepals of Anemme nemorosa. 
 This is a gregarious plant, often covering large spaces in boggy ground and on wet 
 shoulders of the mountains. Ai a distance, the yellow centre and long, narrow sepals give 
 it the appearance of a daisy or ox-eye. Its whole general appearance is totally unlike 
 that of Callha pnhisfm. 
 
 Prince William Sound, north-west coast of North America.— iWew^ks (Herb. Banks, DC.) 
 Alpine 'wamps in the Kocky Mountains, between lat. 52' and H^^'.—Dnimmoml. Caril)oo 
 Mounvdins, in Coast Kange, British Columbia.— Dr G. M. Dmoson. Sitka.— Rothwck. 
 Alaska. 
 
 In California, swamps near head of King's Kiver, at 8,000 kei.— Brewer. Near Lassen's 
 Veak.—Lemmun. Sunny margin of the creek, six miles above San^a Fe, in the mountains 
 New Mexico.— Fm//6T. Abundantly in llower in the cold swamps among the Elk Moun- 
 tains of Colorado, end of May, 188;! ; in llower at the highest point of the Marshall Pass, 
 May 22ml.—L(iu'soH. 
 
 5. — CaT,TH.\ T.EPT08EPAL.4 ? VUT. BIFLOUA. 
 
 Stem 1-leaved, 2-flovvercd, radical leaves petiolate, reniforra, crenate, with a wide 
 sinus, sepals oblong. 
 
 Callha hiflora. DeCandolle, Syst. Nat., I., p. 310 
 
 On the west coast of North America, near Banks Island.-— iJfewjjj'es, (sp. in Herb. 
 Banks.) 
 
 DeCandolle described as above, from the Herbarium of Sir Josex^L Banks, a plant 
 collected on the west coast of North America, near Banks Island, by Menzies, as Callha 
 hiflora, and Hooker, in Fl. Bor.-Am., simply repeated DeCandolle's brief character, adding 
 the remark : " I have seen no specimens which exactly accord with this, but it seems to 
 me too nearly allied to C. Ivploaepahi.'" Hooker and Gray followed suit. Watson, in the 
 Bibliographical Index to American Botany, however, relegates C. bi/Umi to C. palustris, 
 under Kegel's name Aar. minima. Prof Macoun has followed Watson, and referred here 
 specimens, with narrow sepals, from Tsi Tsutl Mountains, B.C., collected by Dr. G. M. 
 Dawson, which may or may not be the same as Menzies's plant. Brewer and Watson 
 observe (Bot. California, 2 ed.) that " leplosepala appears to pass into biflura." If that be the 
 

 70 
 
 liAWSON: KRVISION OF THR 
 
 I 
 
 t-aso it will require a strotcli of iina<;iniiiiou to roimcct bijlom with paluslrin. In the 
 absciuc of di'finito iuforinalion roj^urding DoCiiiuIoIIo'b plant, and its relation to tho East- 
 ern Siberian minima of Kegel, it will be safe meantime to refer tho former to C. leplosepiiln, 
 to wliich both DeCandolle and Hooker thought it was more nearly related than to C. 
 iiiilnafn's, the former pointing out that in biflora the sepals were broader and shorter than in 
 lejifo:<ei><tla,—ii character, however, which, in the latter plant, is exceedingly variable. 
 
 Genus VIII.— HYDRASTIS, LinHwm. 
 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera riautarum, I., p. Y. 
 
 1. — IIydhastis Canadensis, Litinwus. 
 
 Stem (!) to 18 inches high) from a fleshy rhizome, bearing a few scale-like aborlivi> 
 leaves at base, and a large palniately divided petiolate serrated leaf near the top, the axis 
 ending in a llower, subtended by a large palniately divided and toothed leaf or bract. 
 Stem and leaf veins, etc., more or less hairy. 
 
 IL/iiriislis Ciinudcn^'is. Linn. Sp. PI., ed., 2, 3, &c., p. 784. Aiton f., Hort. Kew., III., p. 
 302. I'ersoon, Synops.. II., p. 107. Michaux, Fl., I., p. 317. Tursh, Fl., p. 389. DC Syst., 
 I., p. 218. Trod., I., p. 123. Torr. iV Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 40. Lindl, Fl. Med., p. 3. Gray, 
 Genera, I., p. 48, t. 18. Manual, p. 47. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., p. 11. Lawsou, Ranunc. 
 Canad., p. ')!. Macoun, ("at., No. 7*1. 
 
 Hiidrophylliiin veriim Cniuideiisium. Linn. Sp. PI., I., p. 146. 
 
 Wiirnera Canadensis. Miller, Ic., II., p. 100, t. 285. 
 
 Canada, in water. — Linnaiis. A mistake ; the plant grows only in rich, dry ground, 
 in shady woods. Mirvins Woods, Prescott, Ont.— 7}. Billings Jr., in Herb. Bot. Soc Ca. 
 Maiden.— i)r. y». W.Madagan. Township of "Williams Out. — Saunders. County of Norfolk, 
 Ont.— Dr. Nirhol. 
 
 Cultivated in England in 17.'')9 by Mr. Philip Miller. 
 
 'I 
 
 ■ „/- 
 
 Genus IX.— TROLLIUS, Linnaus. 
 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plantarum, I., p. 7. 
 
 1.— Tkollius Ameiiicanus, Muhlenberg. 
 
 Sepals ') or (J or more, greenish yellow, spreading horizontally, forming an open 
 flower. Petals small, numerous, and much shorter than the sepals and stamens. 
 
 Trolliiis Ameriraiius. 'Muhlenberg, Ind. Fl. Lane, 172, (1701)." Watson. " Muhlenb. 
 et Gaissenh. iiied. Donn, Cat. Hort. Cantab." (1796.) DC. Bot. Cabinet, t. 56. Bot. Mag., 
 t. 1988. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 313 ; Prodr., I., p. 46. Loudon, Hortus Britannicus, p. 231. 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Ara., I., p. 23. Torrey, Fl. N. Y., I., p. 40, t. 3. Ledeb., Fl. Ross., L, p. 51 
 Regel, Fl. (Xst.-Sibir., I., p. 56. 
 
 T. lams. Salisbury, Trans. Linn. Soc, VIII., p. 303, (1803.) Pursh, Fl., II., p. 391. 
 
(JANADIAX 1JANUIS'(;L'Tj\C1'LK 
 
 71 
 
 Torr. & Gr.. FL N. A., I p. 28. Uwson, Ra.muo. Craad., p. 45. Watsou. J3ibl. luUex, p. 
 27. Macoun, Cat., No. »J4. ' 
 
 T. pentapelulus. Herb. Banks. (DC) 
 
 T. decapela/us. Ihnh. Boae. (DC.) 
 
 Oaisseim rerun. |{af., Jour. Bot., II., p. 108. (1808.) 
 
 Alpine rivulets on the easl.Tn dorlivity of the Rooky Mountains, between lat. o2^ and 
 55 .-Dnmmo,ul. Michell Creek, Bri.i.sh CV.luml.ia -Dr G. M. Dawson, in Herb. Canad. 
 Survey. Top of the Rocky Mountain.., Kootanie Pass ; Coldwater River, Cascade Mouu- 
 taur British Columbia.-i>,-. G. M. Dun-son. Mountains of Cariboo.-i1/«cw/„. 
 
 Pennsylvania and New York, on nioi..t shady hilh.-PursI,. In deep swamps, in New 
 Hampshire to Delaware and Michigan.— (,'/•,///. 
 
 There is also an open-llowered Trollius in Siberia, etc., T. Amlicm In T. Enropwrn 
 the sepals are connivent, forming together a round ball, hence the name Globe Flower. 
 
 Genus X.— COITLS, Salishun/. 
 
 Salisbury, in Trans. Linu. Soc., London, VIII., p. 305. Bentham and Hooker, Geuera 
 
 riantarum, I., p. 8. 
 List of species : — 
 
 1. C. trifolia. | 2. C. aspleuifoHa. 
 
 1.— CoiTI.S TRIFOLIA, Salisbnr//. 
 
 Stem short, with bright yelloAv fibrous roots spreading from its base. Leaves long- 
 stalked of three wedge-shaped, slightly lobed, finely toothed, shining, evergi-een leaflet's. 
 F;ower solitary, on a naked .stalk 3 or 4 inches high. Petals very small, <'ucullate obconic, 
 white. Stamens with yellow anthers. 
 
 Copti.i trifolia. Sali.sbury, Trans. Linn. Soc, VIII., p. 305. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 3!)0. DC. 
 Syst. Nat., I., p. 322. Fl. Dan., t. lolH. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 23. Torr. & Gr , I., p! 
 28. Gray, Gen. 111., p. 38, t. 13. Manual, p. 45. Lange, PI. Grcenl., p. 12it. Hook, f, 
 Arct. PI, p. 284. Lawson, Raiiunc. Canad., p. 45. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 12. Macoun 
 Cat., No. 57. 
 
 Hellehorm Irifoliux. Linn. Amcen. Acad . if., p. 355, t. 4, f 18, (1751.) Sp. Plantarum, 
 p. 784. Kalm, Resa til N. Ain.vica, III., p. 370, (ItOl.) Aiton f, Hort. Kew., III., p. 36L 
 Michaux, Fl., I., p. 325. Bigdow, Fl. Bo.sr., p. 134. 
 
 Anemone Gncnlandica. CKder, II Danica, IV., t. 50(3. 
 
 Helleborus trilohus. Lamarck, Eni vc. Meth., Bot., III., p. 08. 
 
 C7/r,/y.w borealis. Raf Schm., ' N. Y. Med. Rep., V., p. 350." Desv. Jour., Bot., II , 
 p. 170. 
 
 Canada, and thence to lat. 58', in dry, sandy and mossy places. — Hooker. Labrador. 
 Morrison {Hook). Toronto, June 2nd, 1882, in 11., not common ; Halifax County, N.S., and 
 throughout Nova Scotia, common in many places in moist woods. — Liwson. Bass River, 
 Kent, N.B. — Prof. Fowler. Hudson Bay Territories, several specimens. — McTavish. St. 
 Augustine, Labrador, 1865.— /Jer. 7). Sittlmiand. Opposite Gros Cap, June 15th.— -D/-. R. 
 Bell. Shore of Lake Medad, Hamilton, Out., May 17th, I860.— Zog-Ze. Prescott district, 
 
72 
 
 LAWSON: ItKVlSION OF TIIK 
 
 >' i 
 
 common.— U. Hillings Jr. AiiticoMti.July, WA—Verrill. (Jtispt- Hiisin, kouIIi ^idf, Juno 2n(l 
 18(i2.— -Dr. J. Ikll. Wimlsor, N.ti.—Prof. Ifoir. Nitolot, Montreal; St. Valontine, P.Q. ; 
 Kin!;(*tou luul Tort IJobin.son, Out.— />r /'. W. Mwlagan, Ilorb. Kdiii. llclli'villt', bordtTN of 
 swamps, uudcr t'ViTjjnvns. — Mmviin. Tirrobonnn and L'l.slt-t. — Pritvunrher. IJaro in tlir 
 intiTiorol'the western country, certainly not about Lake AVinnipej?.— /irtr/is/w/t. Abundiini 
 from Newfoundliind and Nova Siotia to the llocky Mountains. — Mmoun. Manitoba House, 
 June 14th, 1881 ; Belleville, Ont., June lOth, 187*5.— J/i/n/ww, in Herb. Canad. Survey. St. 
 Aiuie (les Monts, I'.Q., Juno 12th, \x^:\—Vorli'r. Sitka ami UnaUmhka.— Torr. iV Gr. 
 >!itka.— yi('//in<fA-. In Siberia, in shady woods, with Oxnlis and Circmi. — Linmus. Aretie 
 Asia, South Cuvenlund. N. Europe, N. and N. K. Asia, aud N. W. and N. E. America. — ILhiI,: 
 /.. Arot. ri. Not British. 
 
 Introduced to Enjrlish s^ardens by the Iludhon's Bay Company, in 1Y82. — Aiton /., 
 llort. Kew.. 1. c. 
 
 This plant is very regular in its period of lloworiug', and well adapted to indicate the 
 forwardness of the spring seiison As observed by Trof Vowler, at Bass Kiver, New 
 Brunswick, it came into Mower in the several years, at the following dates, showing u 
 range of ditference of four days only in the four years : — 
 
 m\1. May 24th. I 18(i9. May 2t]th. 
 
 1808. May 2'7th. 1870. May 28th. 
 
 Under the name of " Gold Thread," which it has obtained on account of the ridi 
 yellow colour of its roots, this plant is collected and commonly sold in the public nmrkets 
 as a medicinal herb. Large quantities are exported from Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, 
 to the United States. 
 
 2.— COPTIS AKPLEXiFOLIA, Salishnrf/. 
 
 Slem short, leaves bipinnate, ternately divi''' 1, the leaflets incisoly lobcd and 
 toothed, radical leaves long-stalked. Peduncle brau-. i^wd, bearing usually 2 (lowers. Petals 
 long aud narrow, dilated and cucullate a1)out the middle, erect-spreading, longer than the 
 strongly reflexed sepals. Cariwls about !•, horizontal, on pedicels of their own length, half 
 an inch long, with longitudinal veins, ventrally swollen, straight on back with slii'xhtly 
 recurved tip and obsolete beak. Plant glabrous, with minute hair-bases on stem and leaves. 
 
 Coptis asplenifoliu. Salisbury, Trans. Linn. Soc, VIII., p. 30G. Pursh, Fl., II., p. 391. 
 DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. :!22. Prodromus, I., p. 47. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 23, t. 11 (exd. 
 syn), (iisjjh-nioides in note.) Ledeb., Fl. Tlossica, I., p. 53. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 28. 
 ■\Vatson, Bibl. Index, p. 12. Macouu, Cat., No. 58. 
 
 Tlialiclrum Jajmnicum, Thuuberg, included among tho • f haliotra dubia aut non satis 
 nota," by DeCandolle, in Syst. Nat., was referred in Flora Bor.-Am. to this species, but 
 Sir Joseph Hooker has kindly responded to my enquiries (letter, Aug. 11th, 1884) by 
 informing mo tliat the Japanese plant is Coptis tracht/pelala, Sieb. & Zucc, and that C 
 nspleiiifolin, Salisb., does not occur in Japan. 
 
 North-west coa.st of N. America. — Menzies, Douglax. ObserA'atory Inlet. — Scoiiler. 
 Eich woods, Queen Charlotte Islands, July 18th, 1878.— i)r. G. M. Dawson, in Herb. Canad. 
 Survey. Kich woods. New Westminster, B.C.— Miwoun. Sitka.— 2'. Sr G., Rothrock. 
 
 In Dr. Dawson's specimens the carpels are much longer than in Hooker's figure in the 
 Flora Boreali- Americana. 
 
 ,i: 
 
CANADIAN FtANUNCULACKK. 
 
 73 
 
 O0UU8 XI.-AQUILEGIA, Linmeus. 
 Et'iitluiin luid Hooker, G.'iiora riaiitaruin, I., p. 8. 
 
 List ol' Spocios : — 
 
 1. A. CanadonsiH. 
 
 2. A. formosa. 
 ;{. A. truncuttt. 
 
 4. A. cuirulcii, var. flavcHccns. 
 
 5. A. brt'vistyla. 
 
 0. A. vulgaris. 
 
 1.— AtiuiLEdiA Canadensis, Limucua. 
 
 Sogments of loav.-s Irind. S(>pals ol.loiijr-liui.-oohito, scarcely sinoadiajr, of an oraiigc- 
 scarlct colour. Totals nearly straijvht and (rump.'t shaped, the spur oraiijre-s.arlet (as Uuj 
 sepals), lamina pale yellow, th.- Jlcshy attacluuent white, lamina not thrown hack but 
 continuous in direction with the spur; spur twice the length of the lamina, its end infla- 
 ted with an almost colourless polished intumescence. Stanu-ns and styles much exsertod, 
 or produced l)eyond the Moral envelopes. Follicles downy, with very long thread-liko 
 beaks. 
 
 Aqiiilrgia Ctmndmm. Linn. 8p. Tl., p. 752. (ITSS.) I5ot. Mag., t. 24t). Loddiges, Rot. 
 Cabinet, t. 888. Michaux, Fl., I., p. SIC. Tursh, Fl., p. .372. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 337. 
 Prod., I., p. .'iO. Hook, Fl. ]?.-A., I., p. 24, in part. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. A.. I., p. 20, 
 (excl. /y. hybrida. Hook., and fi. violacea, Nutt.) (hay. Manual, p. 4,5. III., Gen. I., t. 13, 
 PI. Ferdl, p. 4. C. A. Meyer, Sertum Petropolitanuni, under t. 11. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., 
 p. 9. Wood, CI. 15k. ,S; Fl., p. "10. Provanchcr, Fl. Canadienne, p. 1,",. Hook. £, Arct. PI, 
 pp. 284 and .'il3. Baker, Gard. Chro., new series, X., p. 20. Law.son, IJannnc. Caimd., p. 46, 
 Porter, Fl. Colorado, p. 4. Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 0. Macoun, Cat., No. 59. 
 A. vuriegitta, Moench, Meth. Mar}>urg., p. 311. (17!M.) 
 A.elegaHs. Sali.sb. Prod., p. 374. (ITOt!.) 
 A. flavijhra. Tenney, Am. Nat., I., p. 388. 
 
 A. ivrolla umjtlki, ner/ariis fere reeds. Gronovius, Virg., p. 59. (1743.) 
 A. jmmila praeox Ciintt(Ienm. Cornuti Canad., p. 60, t. i'>0. (1035.) 
 A. praeox Canniknm, /lore externo ruhinindo, medio luteo. Moris., His^., III., p. 457. (1080.) 
 A. Virginiitna Jlore riibescenfe. I'lukeaet, Alma^'estum, 38. (I79t>.) 
 
 The Earfij Red Columbine of Virginin. rarkinson's Theatrum Botauicum, 1367. (I(i40.) 
 In woods and open clearings, chieily where the soil is dry and sandy, in Ontario, but 
 most writers speak of its growing on rocks, or in ro(;ky places. Near Toronto, June 2nd, 
 1 802, a robust leafy form, much ])ranched al)ove. Abundant alxmt Kingston, especially 
 near Kingston Mills, Waterloo, and Wolfe Island. — Lawson. Montreal Mountain, May, 1848, 
 and Niagara. — James Adie. l{ear of Ernestown, 1860. — Dr. Diijmis. Caledon, rather rare.^ 
 Rev. C. I. Cameron. Nieolet, Montreal, Kingston, Niagara Itivor, and Maiden. — Dr P. W. 
 Marlagan. Pied du Cap Toixnnente. — Provanchcr. Beloeil Mountain. — Dr. John Bell. Mouu' 
 tain side, west of Hamilton, Out., common, May, 24th, 1859. — .Tiidge Logie. Prescott district, 
 common. — B. Billings jr. F'alls of Montmorenci, Point Ix'vis, and Orleans Island, P.Q. — 
 Brunei. Gneiss rocks. Sixteen Mile Lake, River Rouge, P.Q. — D' Urban. Belleville, com- 
 mon in rocky or sandy open woods ; Kaministiqua River. — 3Li(:oun. Near Emerson, 
 
 Soe. IV., 1884. 10. 
 
WUH 
 
 74 
 
 LAWSON: RKVISION OF TIIK 
 
 I 
 
 Manitoba— A-. (!■ M. Dmrfon. " Saskatchi'Wnn riains. — Buurgmu." "Liiko Winiiipof?."— 
 R. Kiiiii: in Ha* ks Expedition, 1833-4. Southoni limit 40' N. lat., Northern limit fjO' 
 
 N. Barns/on. No indigenous Aquilegia has been found in New Urunswick, Nova Scotia, 
 
 Cape Breton, Trince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Lal>rador, or Anticosti. 
 
 In drv deep loose sandy soils about Toronto the i)lant is much larger in all its parts 
 than in the loams overlying the limestone and Laurentian rooks about Kingston. When 
 eiiltivated in ordinary garden soil, and especially in moist climates, as in Nova Scotia and 
 in the Edinburgh Botanic Crarden (where it was grown by the late James McNab, from 
 seeds collected by himself in America), the flowers ])ecome mui^h less vivid in colour than 
 in the arid soils and hot summer climate of its home in Ontario and western Quebec. 
 
 The geographical ranue of this plant, which is the most easterly Aquilegia on the 
 American continent, is not correctly given in any work hitherto published, its distribu- 
 tion having been mixed up with that of other species, and, in some cases, erroneous 
 localities have been rited. Sir AVm. Hooker, in quoting Fort Vancouver and mouth of the 
 Columbia, nc doubt referred to another species. Torrey and Gray indicated Hudson 
 Bay to Georgia and west to Missouri, not noticing its absence from a large portion 
 of eastern British America, and Nuttall's plant from Big Blue River of the Platte 
 is, no doubt, diii'erent. AVood does not in,licate its range with much precision when he 
 says : " It grows wild in most of the States.' Baker speaks of it as universally spread 
 throughout the (^astern States from Canada to Florida, observing that the true Cnnndensix 
 is confined to the east side of the Rocky Mountains. And, lastly. Prof. Macoun, in his 
 excellent Catalogue of Canadian i)lants, rcprats a mi taken locality, on authority of a 
 Halifax list, that would extend the plant eastward in British America at least seven 
 degree:, farther than i*^ is known to grow. \ fuller record of localities than we now 
 possess is required ro determine the precise north-castorn and south-western limits of 
 tho plant in British America. Our Canadian and Americaii botanists and collectors have 
 not yet got fully 'uto the way of publisbincr, in the botanical i>eriodicals, localities for 
 rare, unusua'. o; critical species, .-.nd local lists, — a practice which, in Britain and some 
 other European countries, has p-oved highly u.icful in furnishing data for working up 
 geographical distribution. 
 
 Mr. Baker (i])serves that this plant was well knovjfu to oixr pre-Linuiran botanists and 
 cultivators, being one of the plants introduced to Euroi)e by Tradescant. I have given 
 some of ihc old references (in synonymy) to illustrate this point. He further ol)serves : 
 "We ha^'e a variety gathered by Fendler in New Mexico, with a smaller liml) than in the 
 type (linear-oblomr, sepals one-third inch long, lamina of petals one-quarter inch), and a 
 very long slender spur." This is no doubt the i)lant referred to by Gray, in Plantie 
 Fendleriannr>, p. 4. In May. 18S3, I gathered on the niesii at the base of Mount Marcel- 
 lane, on the Pacific slope of Color".do, elevption about 0,000 feet, a form corresponding to 
 Feudl(>r's plant i" +he slender spurs, but the sepals are very obtuse, and no longer than 
 the petal-laniinii", and the stamens are only slightly protruded beyond the petals and 
 sepals, the filaments nearly all of one length. It may rank as a variety of Canadensis,^ but 
 is possibly a hybrid. 
 
 ' A. Oiniiihnsif parriflorn. Folia;{0 thin, pedicels hairy ; sepals not at all sproadinp, obtuno, scarcely hmttcr 
 than tlic Imiiiiin. Spur fif a dcc^p roil ('Dlour, inrlinod to olarot, paler towards the limb, which is of a rather bright 
 yollow, .sepals similar in colour to the spnr, palor at tlio tiiis. 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACE.T?. 
 
 78 
 
 This species is the ouly American Aquilegia noticed in " Hortus Kcweusis," Ed. 2, 
 ■wherein it is stati-d to have heen introduced to English gardens before 1040 by Mr. John 
 Tradesoant sen., flowering in April and May,— rather earlier than in its Canadian home. 
 
 2.— AiiUiLEGiA FOKMOSA, Fischer. • 
 
 Plant robust, two to three fcot high. Leaves very glaucous on the lower surfac 
 slightly so on the upper, the uppermost sessile leaves or bracts trifoliate, not at all 
 incised. Sepals spreading, lancpolat(> to broadly ovate-lanceolate, more or less acute, about 
 one-third inch wide, longer than the spurs, sometimes nearly twice their length, usually 
 bright red. Petals with a short truncate yellow lamina varying in size to half the length 
 of the sepals. Petal-spur pulled out (belly-like) in the upper half, rather abruptly 
 narrowed below, with a terminal kuol). Styles as long as the sepals, the upper stamens 
 projecting considerably beyond the laniin;o of the petals. Follicles under one inch in 
 length, one-third as broad as long, hairy (or glabrous ?), with filiforra beaks nearly their 
 own length. Pedicels hairy. Mr. 1 laker observes that this species is very near the 
 eastern A. Canadensis, from which it dill'ers ])y its larger sepals, quite twice as long as the 
 petal lamina. 
 
 Aqidkgia formosn. Fischer, in DO. Prodr., I., p. 50. Ledebour, Flora Rossica, I., p. 
 56. Torrey & Gray, Flora N. Amer., I., p. 80. Lawson, Rauunc. Canad., p. 47. Kegel, 
 Gartendora, II., p. 219. Flore des SeiTes, VIII., t. 795. Baker, Synops. Aquilegia, Gar. 
 Chro., n. s., X. (1878), p. 111. Watson, Bibl. Index., I., p. T. Brewer & Wats., Bot. Calif., 
 I., p. 10. Macoun, Cat., No. GO, in part. 
 
 A. Canadensis. Hook., Fl. B.-A., I., p. 24, in part. 
 
 A. Canndenm, var. Bongard, in Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg, Sc. Phys. et Math., ser. 6, 
 II., p. 124. Torrey, Pac. li. Kep., p. 402 ; Mex. Bound, p. 30. 
 
 A. Canadensis, var. formosa. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep., XII., p. -W. Watson, King's Rep.. 
 40th parallel, V., p. 10. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 210. 
 
 A. ardica. Hortul. (Walpers.) Loudon, Steudel, Nomencl. Botanicus. Regel, Gar- 
 tenflora, II., p. 19. 
 
 Queen (Charlotte Islands, July lOtii, 1878.— D/-. G. M.Dawson. Vancouver Island; 
 mainland of British Columbia, from the valley of tlie Fraser to lat. 50', western slopes 
 of Rocky Mountains. — Macoun, Dawson. Sitka and Uualaschka.— i?o«i;a.'Y^. (T. & G.) 
 Sitka. Herb. Mus. Paris.— HVywr.s 1. c. Roiliror/c. Froia Sitka down the west side of 
 North America to California, a.srcnding in the Rocky Mountains to 0,000—7,000 feet; 
 Kamschatka, according to DcCamlolle's Pvodromu.s, but I have not seen Old World 
 specimens.— /?(Mt;;-. Oregon.— xV////«//. Some of the localities cited may possibly relaie to 
 A. iruticatn. 
 
 8.— Aqttit.roia THUNCAT\, Fwr/(tT .V My/w. 
 
 Flowers red with orange or yt>llow. Sepals spreading or rellexed, equal in length to 
 the spurs, whiiih are gradually and uniformly narrowed from the open truncate mouth to 
 tho aiMJX. Lamina scarcely at all developed. Follicles six jr seven times as long as broad, 
 
i 
 
 \ i< 
 
 ,4 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 n 
 
 76 
 
 LAWSON; IIRVISION OF TIIR 
 
 with promiii'Mitly -•nibosscd vciii.s, and sliirhly hairy. Bicwor and Watson obsorvo that 
 this phint is voiy variable as to size, foliage and colour of tlowers. In Trof Maeoun's 
 specimens the gradually narrowed trumpet-like petal spur, and the long slender follicles, 
 are striking characters ; but Mr. IJaker observed that, in a large bundle of specim'ns at 
 Kew, he could noi draw any distinct line of demarcation between this species aad A. 
 formosd. It is not to be concluded from this that the plants are not really distinct, as wo 
 now know how proue Aquilegias are to hybridize and thus furnish puzzling connecting 
 links. 
 
 AquUegia Ininrala. Fischer & Meyer, Index Seminum Petropolitanum, 1843, p. 8. 
 Regel, Sert. Tetrop., 1852, t. and p. 11. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad., p. 47. Brewer i*t 
 Watson, Bot. California, I., p. 10. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. t. 
 
 A. Canadensis. Torrey, Tacif R. liep., IV., p. G2. 
 
 A. CaJifoniirn. Ilarlweg, in Lindl. Gar. Chr., 1854, p. 836, cum. ic. Gray, Proc. Am. 
 Acad., VII., p. 3:28. Regel. Gartenllora, IV., p. 131. 
 
 A. cximia. rianchon, in Flore des Serres, 1857, t. 1188. 
 
 A. formom var. Baker, Synops. Aquilegia, Gard. C'hro., X. (1878), p. 111. 
 
 A. fonnosa. Macoun, in Herb. Canadian Survey. Cat., No. G, in part. 
 
 Rich ground and grassy sloi)es along streams. Black Water River, British Columbia, 
 June 11th, is75. — Maantii, in Herb. Canad. Survey. Shady places by streams, California. 
 — Brnaer Sf Watson. 
 
 4. — AqUILECIIA C.ERUIiEA, var. flavesoens. 
 
 Sepals rellexed in the expanded flower, lanceolate, yellow cr slightly flushed on the 
 back with red. IVtal-lamina obovate cuueate, of a paler yellow than the sepals, truncate at 
 apex; spur nearly liaif an inch long, yellow, slightly incurved, knobbed. Styles and 
 stamens much exsertcd. Follicles pubescent. 
 
 A. Jhivfsciiis. AVat.son, Bot. 40th Parall., King's Rep., V., p. 10. Gray, Am. Jour. 
 So., ser. 3. III., p. 149. Porter, llayd. Rep.. 1871, p. 477. Coulter, do, 1872, p. 759. Baker, 
 Synops. Aquilegia, Gard. Chro., X., (1H78), p. 20. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 7. Macoun, 
 Cat. No. 03. 
 
 A. Canadensis, var. nuren. Roezl, in Regel's Garter 'lora, 1872, p. 258, tab. 734. 
 
 Rocky Mountains. — Ihiirgmii. Dry rocky slopes, Michell Creek, British Columbia, 
 July 11th, 188.",; Kootanie Pass. Rocky Mountains.— Z)r. 0. M. Dawson, in Herb. Canad. 
 Survey. Bow River Pass, in thickets, and at the base of the dills of the eastern range — 
 Macoun. Subalpine zone of the Rocky IMountains in Utah and Oregon, at an elevation of 
 from 5,000 to 7.000 feet above sea level. — Baher, who ol serves, "This is now widely spread 
 in English gardens." 
 
 The normal form of the species has a Southern distribution, and is not found within 
 British America. 
 
 5.— AQTIILEfilA HREVISTVLA, Hooker. 
 
 Flowers bluish-purple, varying to paler (claret) colours, or white, but never orange-red 
 or yellow as in other N. American species. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, rather longer than 
 
 
CANADIAN KANUNCULACEJ!. 
 
 •77 
 
 ihe petals. Total-spurs incurved, knobbed at the end, about equal in length to the lamina. 
 Stamens and styles short, included. Follicles pubescent. General a.spect of A. vulgaris, 
 but more delicate in stem, Ibliage, and flowers, the last much smaller ; the stamens and 
 styles shorter. 
 
 Aquih'gia hra'isti/la. Hooker, Fl. ijor.-Am., I., p. 24. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 30. 
 Lpwson. Hanunc. Canad., p. 47. Hook, f., Arct. Tl., pp. 284 and .313. Baker, Gard. Chro., 
 X., p. 20, (1878). Watoon, Bibl. Index. I., p. 6. Macoun, CataWue, No. (51. 
 
 A. vulgaris? Richardson, in Franklin's Ist. .Touvnal, ed. 2., App., p. 21. 
 
 A. vulgaris var. brvvisli/la. Gray, Am. Jour. Sc. ser. 2, XXXHI., p. 410 Porter, Fl. 
 Colorado, p. 4. 
 
 Western parts of Canada. -Drummond. As far north as Bear Lake. — Richardson. Clear 
 Water River, July 13lli ; Nipigcn, 18.'33; Fort Simpson. — McTavi^h ; also, in a parcel from 
 McTavish labelled " L. Nipigon, chidly near Lake Superior."— Herb. Lawson. Received 
 from Mackenzie River. — Barnslon. Ro( ky Mountains. — Bourgeau. Sitka, Hudson Bay Ter- 
 ritory, and down the Rocky Mountains as far south as Colorado. — Baker. Telegraph Trail, 
 B.C., and Peace River, at the Rocky Mountain Portage, hit. r)G . — Macoun. This species 
 was not known west of the Rocky Movintains until found in British Columbia by Prof. 
 Macoun. But Sir Joseph Hooker remarked in 18G0, (Dist. Arct. PI.) that he had seen 
 specimens of a Sitka plant, in an inditferent state, which were a great deal like it, and 
 that brevislyla was allied to the Siberian A. parvijiora, Jjod. 
 
 6. — Aquilegia vri/->ARls, Linnmus. 
 
 Spurs incurved like a crozier, shorter than the very broad lamina. Stamens exserted, 
 the inner ones frecjui'ntly imperfect. Sepals ovate-lance jlate with acute tips, twice the 
 length of the spurs. Flowers large, most commonly blue, but varying to purple, rose, 
 white, etc. Cultivated vari-ities are striped or have double flowers, having two or more 
 rows of petals. 
 
 Aijuilcgia i lixari.f. 
 
 Linn. Sp. I'l., p. 7o2. Eug. Bot., t. 297. DC. Syst. Nat., L, p. 334 
 (with a page and a half of synonyms and references.) Bab., Man. ed. 3, p. 10. Hook, f , 
 Student's T-1., p.i:. Gray, In.inual ed. 5, p. 45. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad., p. 47. Macoun, 
 Cat., No. (JJ. 
 
 Abundai in the ueighbourliood ol' Prin(!e's I^dge, Halifax County, the property for- 
 merly occupi. by H. R. H. the Duke of Kent, and in spots along the Railway Line ; also 
 in several plac. on the road between Halifax and Windsor. About the end of June the 
 de»p railway cuUing ai Prince's I^>dge looks like a miiguificent llower garden from the 
 abundance of this plant, in every variety of colour, on the rocky cliffs. 
 
 Genus XIL— DELPHINIUM, Limueus. 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plantarum, I., p. 9. 
 
 List of species :— 
 
 1. D. scopulornra. 
 
 2. D. Menziesii. 
 8. D. variegatum. 
 
 4. D. azureum. 
 6. D. Ajacis. 
 G. D. orientalc. 
 
w 
 
 78 
 
 LAWSON : REVISION OP THR 
 
 1. — Delphinium scopulobum, Grai/. 
 
 Pi:i 
 
 Tall, smooth or finely pul)osc»>iit. Pofiolos of ihe lower loaves long and dilated at 
 the l)aso, lamina orbicular in outline, 3 to 5 parted, the segments laciniately lobed, lobes 
 acute. Raceme rather strict, many flowered (slightly compound or i>anicled below.) 
 Flowers sparingly pilose externally, spur straight, as long as the sepals ; lower petals 
 bifid, slightly bearded. Root perennial, fibrous. 
 
 Delphitiiiim scopnlonm. Gray, PI. Wright., 11., p. 9. Smiths. Contrib., V., p. 9. 
 Walpers, Ann., IV., p. 24. Am. .Tour. Sc, ser. 2, XXXIII., p. 242. Brewer & Watson, 
 Bot. Calif., I., p. 11. Wats., Bibl. Index, p. 14. Macoun, Cat. No. 66. 
 
 D. emltattim. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 25. Lawson, Ranuuc. Canad., p. 47, (not 
 of Aiton, DC, Gray.) 
 
 Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52' and 56\ — Drummoml. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. The 
 Yukon country adjoining Russian Territory ; Clear Water ; July 13th. — McTavish. Sas- 
 katchewan and Rocky Mountains. — Bourgeau. Abundant near Morley, Bow River ; on 
 the Saskati-hewan, as far ea.st as Carleton, and northward to the Peac-e River, lat. 5() . — 
 Mitcoiin. Iroquois Creek, near Fort McLeod, Brit. Columbia. — Dr. G. M Dawson. New 
 Mexico. — Gray. 
 
 A 
 
 s 
 
 '■ I 
 
 2. — Delphinium Menziesii, DeCandoUe. 
 
 Dwarf, very hairy, excei)t at the base. Petioles scarcely dilated at base, lamina 5 
 parted, the divisions deft into linear entire lobes. Racemes 3 to (! llowered. Flowers 
 large, deep blue, veined with purple, pubescent on the external surface ; spur straight, 
 as long as the sepals ; follicles somewhat iomentose. Root fleshy. 
 
 Deliihinhim Menzmii. DC. Syst. Nat, I., p. 355. Prodr., I., p. 54. Bot. Reg., t. 1192. 
 Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 25. Bot. Beechey, Supp., p. 3P7. Torr. & Gr., Fl, Supp., I., p. 
 661, (not of p. 31, which is D. simplex, Douglas.) Hook, f., Arct. PI, pp. 284, 313. Roth- 
 rock, Fl. Alaska, p. 442. Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif., p. 11. (Not of Porter, Colorado 
 Fl.) Macoun, Cut. No. 67. 
 
 D. iuheiosum. Menzies MSS. 
 
 D. imudjhnm. Nutt., in Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 33, (see p. 661). 
 
 D. Nuttalliana. Pritz. 
 
 D. t>(ib>m. Newberry, Pac. R. Kep., VI., p. 65. 
 
 In Nova Georgia.— J/«;:t£>.s, sp. in Herb. Banks.— DC. Syst. Nat. North-west coast 
 of America— 3/<;«j/«.v. Kotzebue Hound.— <7rt;y/. Becchei/'s collection. Common under the 
 shade of solitary pine trees, at Puget Sound, the Columbia River, and in California.— 
 Doiiplns. Hook., Fl. llor.-Ani. In pine woods, from Kotzebue Sound to Oregon. Torr. 
 & Gr., Fl , I., p. 661. Kotzebue Sound to Cai)e Lisburue. — liothrock, Alask. Abundant 
 on C!edar Hill, and in many other localities near Victoria, Vancouver Island. — Manmn, 
 Dawson. 
 
 From Pnget Sound to Montana and the Blue Mountains of Oregon, apparently not 
 entering California.— /brewer Sf Watson, 1. c. 
 
 I 4. 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACEiH. 
 
 79 
 
 3.— Delphinittm varieoatum, Torrey If Gray. 
 
 Pubescont, with straight, spnnuliiig, or somewhat tomentose hairs. Loaves three 
 parted, the segments cuneiform, many cleft into narrow linear rather obtuse lobes. 
 Flowers large, on long pedicels, in a short open raceme, blue ; sepals broad, spreading, 
 spur short and stout. Flower stalks and follicles very hairy. Root of fleshy fibres. 
 
 Delphinium variegalum. Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. A., I., p. 32. Brewer & "Watson, Bot. 
 Calif, I., p. 10. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 14. Macoun, Cat., No. 68. 
 
 D. '^randifiorum, var. variegalum. Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beeohey, p. 31Y. 
 
 D. ckmrum. Benth., PI. nartw(g., p. 205. 
 
 Under the cliff's near the waggon road, Yale, British Columbia. — Macoun, A. J. Hill. 
 Lytton, B.C. 20th May 187t5.— Dr. G. 31. Dawmi, m Herb. Canad. Survey. California.— 
 Douglas. In the coast ranges from Santa Barliara to Punta de los Reyes, — Brewer i^ Wats., 
 Bot, Calif. 
 
 4. — Dem'Uinium azukeu.m, Mirhmix. •, 
 
 Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Petioles slightly dilated at base, the lamina 3 to 5 
 parted, the segments cleft into linear lobes. Raceme loose, perfectly simple, the pedicels 
 long and spreading. Flowers azure coloured, darker or paler, petals shorter than the 
 sepals, the lower ones densely bearded, spur longer than the sepals. Perennial. A very 
 variable species, and of wide distribution, if all the forms referred really belong here. 
 
 Delphinium azureum. Mi(;haux, Fl. Bor.Am., I., p. 314. (1803). Poir. Sup., II., p. 458. 
 Pursh, Fl. II., p. 371. Persoon, Synops., II., p. 82. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 3')(j. Prod., I., 
 p. 54. Bot. li^'g., t. V.m. Torr. & ihay, Fl. N. A., I., pp. 32 and tiOO. I.K)udon, Ilort. 
 Brit., p. 222, No. 14,147. Gray, PI. Fendleriauie, p. 5. PI. Lindheiineriauie, p. 142, (under 
 D. virescens). Manual, p. 46. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., p. 10. Lawson, Ranuuc. Canad., p. 48. 
 "Watson, Bibl. Index, p. 12. Macoun, Cat., No. 69. 
 
 D. Carolinianum. "Walter, Fl. Carolina, p. l.W. (1788). 
 
 D. virescens. Nuttall, Genera N. A. PL, II,, p. 14, (1818;. Torr. & Gr„ Fl. N. A,, I., 
 p. 32. Wood, CI, Bk. and Fl, p. 210. Gray, PI. Lindheim., p. 142, 
 
 D. vimineiim. Don, in Sweet's Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 374. Bot. Mag., t. 3593. Torr. & Gr., 
 Fl. N. A., I., p. 32. 
 
 D. simpler. Gray, PI. Wriglit., 11., p. 8, according to Watson in Bibl. Index, (but not 
 of Douglas, Hooker, nor Brewer and Watson). 
 
 West of Rocky Mountains, between Fort Yukon and Lapierre House ; also Yukon 
 country (11. smaller, pedicels and spurs shorter).— 3/c7'«i'/.s/(. Dry slopes, Cypress Hills, 
 June 9th, 1883.— jD/-. G.M.Dnw.mi. in Herl). Canad. Survey. South of Lake Winnipeg.— 
 Dr. Houghton. Plains near Wood Mountain, N. W. Territory.— Dr. G. M. Dawson. New 
 Mexico.— FeW/er. Colorado.— LrjK-son. Wisconsin, Illinois, and Southward.— &'rflz/> Man. 
 North Carolina to GaoTghi.— Torrey \ Gray, Fl. Toxas.—Drummond. Arkansas.— Nuttall, 
 Pitcher. 
 
 Walter's name, Carolinianum, is older by fifteen years than the azureum of Michaux ; 
 but, as this may ultimately prove to be a composite species, and the nomenclature of the 
 genus cannot be regarded as settled, I have meantime retained the latter name as tlie one 
 commonly used. 
 
80 
 
 LAWSON : I{KVISION OF TUB 
 
 [D. siMi'i,KX. Douglas, in Hook., Fl. Ror.-Am., I., p. 25, is a soulhorn plant found 
 by Douglas on tho sub-alpino rango, west of the Rocky Mountains, noar the Columbia, 
 l)lt'ntiful ; and by lirowcr in tho coast ranges south to San Diego. It also oeiurs in Idaho. 
 Much resembling D. uzurciim of the eastern plains, but ditfering iu its less strict habit, 
 uud looser racemes of larger and more open flowers. Tiiot. Calif.) 
 
 
 4 
 
 s 
 
 > 
 
 > 
 
 5. — Delphinium A.iacisi, Reiihcnhiuh, 
 
 Stem ereot, divaricately branched. Kacemes elongated, rather laxly ilowered, pedicels 
 as long as the bracts. Follicles solitary, inibescent. Annual or biennial. Dwarf or 
 EniHcIied Larkypxr. 
 
 Delphinium Ajncis. Reich, (not Linn.) Hook, fil., Student's Flora, p. 11. 
 
 D. Cotisol.'dd. Hooker. British Fl. ; Eal)ington, Manual ; and other British authors prior 
 to year 18tJS, (not of Linn.) ; Fursh, Fl., p. :M-2. Beck, Bot., p. l;?. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., 
 I., p. m. Darling, Fl. Cest. ^ ed., p. 7. Chapman, Fl. S. U.S., p. 10. Gray, Maui, vl, p. 4(;. 
 AVooc], Bot. & Fl., p. 210. Lawson, Kanunc. t'anad., p. 48. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 444. 
 Macoun, Cat., No. (Jo. 
 
 An introduced Southern European plant. 
 
 Iknks of the St. Lawrence Iliver west of Preseott, Ontario. — B. Billings Jim., in Ilerl) 
 Bot. Soc. Canada. Gardens, waste places, and wheat fields, near Belleville, Out. — Miuviin. 
 Vicinity <>f Hamilton, Ont. — Bmhnn. 
 
 This plant lias l)een known in Cambridgeshire, England, since the days of Dillenius, 
 but has not spread there, and, beyond the chalk districts, is little more than a casual 
 straggler. See H. C. Watson, Cybele Britannica, I., p. !'7. It may have been brought to 
 Canada in grain or grass seed from lilngland or (Continental I'^urope, and seems to lind 
 congenial conditions in the light .soils overlying the limestones of Ontario. 
 
 The true ./). Con^ulida of Liniueus dilfers from this species in having shorter glabrotn 
 follicles, short racemes, and seeds with interrupted ridges. (Hook, fil.) It is a southern 
 European plant, not native of I'^igland, and found only once in a field in Jersey. The 
 Canadian localitit's hitiierto published for '• D. ComoUda, L." no doubt all l)elong to D. 
 AJdci)', licich. The D. AJacis of my Monograph of lvaniinculace;e is D. orientate. Sir Joseph 
 Hooker says: — " Syme observes that D. AJack, Eeich. (and continental European authors) 
 is not the plant of Liuntcus (which is orientate of Gay) ; hence tho present plant should 
 have a new name ; l)ut as tho names, Consolida, orientnte, and Ajacis, are now fixed, it is 
 unwise to disturb the present arrangement." 
 
 6. — Delphinium (jhientale, J. Guy. 
 
 Stem erect, straight, almost unbranched, whole plant nearly glal)rous ; the flowers 
 in a long dense raceme, pedicels as long as the bracts ; capsules pubescent. Annual. 
 
 Dvl/iliinium orienlale. J. Gay. Boiss., Fl. Orient., I., p. t9. 
 
 D. Ajam. Linn. Sp. Plantanim, I., p, 748. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 341. Wight & 
 Arnott, Frodromus Fl. Pen. Ind. Orient., I., p. 4. Lawson, Ilanunc. Canad., p. 49. I'ro- 
 vanchcr, Fl. Cauadieune, p. 10. Lcdebour, Fl. Koss., I., p. 58. 
 
CANADIAN J{ANUN(JULACE7R. 
 
 81 
 
 Uyacinthus. Theocr., Idyl., 19, and Ovid, Metam. (DC.) 
 Between Wild Rico River and Red Lake River, September, 1800. — Dr. SrhuHz. 
 In the species riantanim, Linnicus gives a blank habitat for thi.s plant, as if it were 
 known, in his day, not as a wild plant at all, but only as a garden llower. The si^ecimens 
 collected by Dr. Schnltz may have grown from seeds accident. My dropped by a traveller. 
 It should, how jver, be looked for, now that the country is settled. Trautvetter, in his 
 Enumeration cf the Plants collected by Radde in the Caucasus in 18t5, cites a station 
 for this species in Russian Armenia, as if it were there indigenous. 
 
 Genus XIII.— ACONITUM, Linwcus. 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plantarum, I., p. 0. 
 
 List of species : — 
 
 1. A. Napellus. 
 
 2. A. delphinifolium. 
 
 [A. Fischeri]. 
 
 1. — ACONITUM NAPEIiLtiS, Linnceus, 
 
 Tall (2 feet or more), straiglit, erect, leafy. Leaves very dark dull green, furrowed on 
 the upper surface, palmately lobed, the lobes pinnatiiid. Flowers very numerous, closely 
 set, on short pedi(^els, forming long, slender, simple racemes. Galea nearly hemispherical, 
 sepals dark blue, dull or lurid before expansion. Whole plant more or loss pubescent. 
 Readily distinguished by its very long racemes, which are not at all corymbose. Root- 
 stock fusiform, black, yields the very poisonous alkaloid Aconitine. Several other Euro- 
 pean and Asiatic speciesare cultivated in gardens, with which this is apt to be confounded. 
 
 Monkshood. Wolf's Bane. 
 
 Aco?iihm Napellus. Linn. Species Plantarum, p. t51 (exd. syn. Gronov. Virg., 165). 
 Ka>lle, Spocileg. Aconit., p. 14. cum ic (lYSS). Willdenow, Sp. PL, 11., p. 1235. Smith, 
 English Flora, ill., p. 31. Alton f.Hort. Kew., III., p. 323. Hooker, Brit. Fl. Babington, 
 Manual. Wood, CI. Bk. & Fl., p. 211. Hook, f, Student's Flora, p. 12. 
 
 A. vulgarc. DO. Syst. Nat, I., p. 371. 
 
 Found oc(;asionally as a garden outcast, but not inclined to spread in Canada. Near 
 Falls of Montmorenci.— iHr. Thomas. Sir Joseph Hooker gives its distribution as Europe, 
 Siberia, West Asia to the Himalaya. Noticed (1811) by Alton as a native of Germany, 
 France and Switzerland, first cultivated in England in 1.^90 by Mr. John Gerard. It was 
 first found wild in l-:n<>land, (in H.M-efordshire), abundantly in 1819 by Rev. E. Whitehead, 
 Oxon (En.n Fl.,) ; is now regarded as doubtfully native in Wales, Hereford and Somerset; 
 naturalized elsewhere ; a denizen ?-Tr«/,s«.«. Not noticed in the early British. Floras. The 
 original A. Napellus of Linnreus seems to have included at least two European and one 
 Ameri<'an species. 
 
 2.- -AcoNiTUM DELPHiNiFOiiiUM, Reiclicnbach. 
 
 Plant rather low and spreading, with fine pubescence or glabrous, few- or many- 
 flowered. Leaves round-reniform in outline, palmately lobed, lobes incisely crenate. 
 
 Soo. IV., 1S84. 11. 
 
82 
 
 LAWSON: RKVISTON OF THE 
 
 Fbwcrs deep l)lue, in a short, loose, simple raceme, or more usually slightly corymboso 
 below, with long pedicels, (more lax and ilaccid than iu A. Naitellus) ; galea hemispherical 
 or only very slightly couically-narrowed. 
 
 Aconitiim deljihinifoiium. Reichenbach, Mouog. Aeon., p. 70, t. 9. Lawson, Monogr. 
 Rauiin. Canad.. p. 49. 
 
 A. delphinifolium, Ameneanum. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 380. 
 
 A. Najiellus var. delphiiiifoliinii. Seringe, Monogr., p. 159. DC. Prod., I., p. 63. Hook., 
 Fl. Bor.-Am. I., p. 2(i. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 84. Kegel, Bot. Ostsibirien, I., p. 
 110. Rothrock, Fl. Alaska, p. 442. '\^ atson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 1. Macouu, Cat. No. 26. 
 
 A. Napellus var. delphinifolium, liisiis fi. parudoxum, Regel, Bot. Ostsib., I., p. Ill, t. 3, 
 fig. 55. 
 
 A. paradoxum. Reich., Monogr., t. 10, fig. 3-5. 
 
 A. ddphinifolium, fi. iiaradoxum. Reich. 111. Gen. Acou., t. 42. 
 
 A. delph. var. n. and ;'. Ledebour, Fl. Rossica, p. TO. 
 
 A. Napellus. Hook. & Thomson, Flora Indica, I., p. 57. Macoun, 1st Cat., No. 70. 
 
 Sledge Island (misspelt in DC. Syst.) on the north-west coast of North America. — 
 David Nelson, Menzies. About Behring Strait, ns far north as lat. 66' 13'. — Cluimisw. Cape 
 Mulgrave and Kotzebue Sound. — Capl. Beecheys Collection. Moist mountain prairies iu 
 the Rocky Mountains, bet. lat. 52' and 56°. — Drummond, Hooker. The Yukou country, 
 adjoining the Russian Territory. — MiTavish. Misinchinca River, near Pine River Poss, 
 Rocky Mountains, July 28d, 18t9, in 11. — Dr. G. M. Dawson, in Herb. Cauad. Survey. 
 "Woods between McLeod Lake and Stuart Lake, B.C. — Macoun. Between Point Barrow 
 and Mackenzie River. — Rothrock. Chamisso Island ; Sitka ; Kamtschatka ; near Kadjak. — 
 Regel. Two forms of dcliihinifolium, not observed in America, have been described by 
 Reichenbach as species : semigalcatuni, which, occurs in Kamtschatka, Unalaschka, Bays of 
 Eschscholtz and Laurent ; and C'hamissoniannm in Unalaschka. 
 
 [AcONlTUM FisciTEUT, Reichenbach, has not yet been found in British America; but 
 occurs iu Alaska and in Washington Territory, where it was first found by Douglas on the 
 Wallawallah River, a branch of the Colum])ia ; it ranges to Kamtschatka, and one form 
 {/i. arcuatum) occurs in Mandschiiria ; in America it reaches south to California, rising to 
 8000 feet on the Sierra Nevada. Smooth or slightly pubescent ; leaves palmately cleft, 
 the 5 (or 3) segments being rather widely cuneate, and incisely toothed, the lobes rhombic- 
 ovate, acutely pointed. Flowers in a somewhat panicled raceme. Galea more or less 
 conical, its margin arched from insertion to point. This is the A. nasutum, of Hook., Fl. 
 Bor.-Am. A. Fisrheri, var. «. Ii/picum, Regel, Bot. Ostsibirien, p. 98.] 
 
 Genus XIV.— ACTiEA, Linnceus. 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plautarum, I., p. 9. 
 
 List of species : — 
 
 1. A. alba. 
 
 2. A. rubra. 
 
 3. A. rubra, var. arguta. 
 
 '! 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACEvE. 
 
 S3 
 
 1. — AOTiEA ALBA, BigeUrw. 
 
 Stem scaly at th« base, bearing about two tcrnately deoompound leaves, the leaflets 
 ovatc-iumminate, serrated, — and terminating in an erect raceme of small white flowers 
 Raceme elongated in flower, oblong, pedicels very thick and rigidjn llower, and increasing 
 as the fruit ripens, becoming as large as the peduncle or axis, and thickened at the apex 
 so as to embrace the base of the fruit ; berries large, milk white, somewhat elongated or 
 egg shaped. Crrowing side by side with A. rubra, this plant, which is much larger in all 
 its parts, flowers and ripens its fruit about a month later in the season, so that it is difficult 
 to compare the two in the fresh state. 
 
 Adda alba. Bigelow, in Eaton's Manual, ed. 4, p. 181 Fl. Bost., ed. 2, p. 211. Ilook., 
 Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 2t. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 3.';. Torrey, Fl. N.York, I., p. 22. 
 Chapman, Fl. S. U. S., p. 11. Gray, Manual, ed. 5, p. 47. Lawson, llauunc. Canad., p. 51. 
 Watson, Bibl. Index, I., p. 2. Macoun, Cat., No. 73. 
 
 ArMa xpicnta, var. aJba. Linn. Sp. Plant., p. 12± Ait. f , Ilort. Kew., III., p. 280. 
 Persoon, Synops., II., p. CI. Wood, CI. Bk. & Fl, p. 212. Gray, Manual, ed. 2, p. 14. 
 
 A. Americana, var. a. baccis niveis. Pursh, Fl. Am., II., p. 366, (1814). 
 
 A. brachypetala, var. a. alba. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 386, (1818). 
 
 A. pachypoda. KUiott, Carolina, II., p. 15, (1821). 
 
 Aconiliim bacris niveis. Cornuti Canad., t. It, (1635). 
 
 Canada. — Michaux. About Lake Huron. — Dr. Todd. St. Helen's Island; Kingstoa; 
 Thorold ; Navy Island and Makl(>n. — Dr. P. W. M(ida>xiin. Prescott. — B. BilUngs jun., 
 in Herb. Bot. Soc. Ca. Near Toronto, .Tune 2nd, 1802 ; Blomidon, Nova Scotia, 1882.— 
 Lawson. Windsor, N.S. — Dr. How. Camden, Co. Addington, Out. — Dr. Dujmis. Belle- 
 ville, Ont., frequent in rich woods ; throughout Quebec and Ontario, and through the 
 wooded country to the Coast Range in British Columl)ia. — Macoun. Does not pass north 
 of 53' or 54' — Barnslon. \\iimi\io\\,Oni.— Judge Logic. Auticosti.— rem//. Nevv Bruns- 
 wick.— Ffw/cr. Smith's Falls, Out., 1843.— Z>/-. P. W. Maclagan, in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 
 Belleville, Ont., 16th May, \mi.— Macoun, in Herb. Can. Survey. 
 
 2. — AcT^A RUBRA, Willdcnow. 
 
 Resembling the preceding in habit. Raceme compact, shortly oblong or hemispher- 
 ical in flower, the pedumle or general axis elongating slightly in fruit ; pedicels very 
 slender and dark in colour ; berries more or less drooping on their weak stalks, roundish- 
 oblong, somewhat oblique, with a longitudivnl groove on one side, skin deep red, pulp 
 white, seeds dark. Plants of this species, from Blomidon, Nova Scotia, and Ottawa, Ont., 
 agree in their seiison of ripening, which is much earlier than that oi A. alba. The berries 
 are occasionally very small, without seeds. The islender pedicels appear to be a constant 
 character. 
 
 Adaa rubra. Willdenow, Enumer. Berolin., p. 560, (1809). Bigelow, Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 
 p. 211. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 27. Back's Expedition, p. 523. Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., 
 L, p. 35. Torrey, Fl. N.Y., I., p. 21. Gray, Gen. 111., I., p. 50, t. 19. Pi. Feudleriause, 
 p. 5. Lawson, Rauuuc. Canad., p. 50. 
 
84 
 
 l.AWSON: UKVISION OF TUB 
 
 A. sjtirula, var. riihra. Aiton, Hort. Kcw. ed. 1, II., p. 221. Willd., Sp. I'l., II., p. 
 1139. Mkhaux, Fl., I., p. 30S. Wood, 01. Bk. & Fl., p. 212. 
 
 A. Amerimnd, VuY. /i. Ixircis nibris. I'lirsh, Fl. Am., II., p. ;!67. (1814.) 
 
 A. hr(whi//)clnla,Viir. fi. rubra. DC. Syst. Nat., I., p. 385. (1818). Iliohardson, in Frank- 
 lin's Jour., p. 12. 
 
 A. lonirijies. 8pai-h, Hist. Veg., VII., p. 388. 
 
 Canada : from Ilud.'^on Bay to the Rocky Mountain.^, as far north as lat. 00' in 
 woods. — Tod'f, Rirh(irdso/i, Driimnumd, Hook., Fl., B.-A. Nmir Odessa, Out., July lOlli, 1801 ; 
 Portsmouth near Kiii;jrston, Out., Juno 4th, 1«;VJ; Indian Island, Bay of Quinte, June 5th, 
 1802 ; Toronto, Juno :iiid, 1802; Chelsea Mountains near Ottawa, May 24th, 1884; Blornid<m 
 and Luoyfield, Nova Scotia. — Lawsun. Bass Kiver, Kent, New Brunswiek. — Rev. J. Fowler, 
 sp. ill fl. Montreal Mountain, May, 1848. — Jiimts Adie, sp. in il. Maiden. — Dr. /'. W. 
 Miwhij^an. Newfoundland, liiube Bay, Aug. Tth, ISOl. — ./. Kichard.ion, in II., in Herb. Bot. 
 Soc. Canad. Slave Lake, Juno 24th ; York l-'aetory, in 11., September. — MTainsh. Jtetween 
 AVild Itioe Kiver and Red Lake River, September, 1800.— Dr. Sclmltz, sp. No 114. Belle- 
 ville, frequent in rich woods ; common in rich woods from Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
 wick to the lio(!ky Mountains, and north to lat. 0'>', — exclusively a forest plant. — .Ifnroiin. 
 Near Emerson, Manitoba. — Burgesx. Belleville, 2iid Con "ssion. — Macouii, in Herb. Canad. 
 Survey. Ste. Anne des Monies, 1*. Quebec, June 1. 1883. — /'or/er. Bass River, New 
 Brunswick, first flowering: June 4th, 186t; May 20th, 1868; June 2nd, 1809.— Fow/^r. 
 Lake Winnipeg. — R. King, Ba<'ks Expedition, 1833-4. Newfoundland, 1800-8.-7/. Riekx, 
 Ix)ud. Jour. Bot., IX., p. 10. 
 
 3. — ACT^EA KUBIIA, var. ARQUTA. 
 
 riant much liirger tlian the typi< al form of rubra. I^allets clliptii'al, acuminate, 
 deeply doubly incised. Racemes oblong and loose in flower; i)ediccls liliform, scarcely 
 thickening in fruit. Berries small, dark red. In Prof Macoun's sp(>cimens from Fraser 
 River the leaves are much smaller than in those of Dr. Dawson from Quesnello and the 
 Rocky Mountains; the raceme is elongated in fruit. 
 
 Adica urguta. Nut tall, in Torr. h (rr., Fl. N. Am., I., p. 35. 
 
 A. spkala var. urguta. Torrey, Pacif Ry. Rep., IV., p. 63. Brewer & Watson, Bot. 
 Calif, p. 12. 
 
 Extends from Wa.'^hington Territory to Alaska. Fraser River. B. C. — Maronii, in Herb. 
 Canad. Survey. Mitchell's Creek, Rocky Mountains, Jixly 11th, 1883; Quesnelle, B. C, 
 May 27th, 1870.— D/-. G. M. Dawson, in Ilcrb. C!anad. Survey. 
 
 Whilst our three British American forms of Acfrca closely resemble each other in 
 their lialiil or mode of growth, foliage, flowers and fruit, and each indicates some 
 tendency to variation under varying conditions of .-■. lil and climate, and probably in some 
 cases as the result of crossing, yet their distinctive characters are too well nnirk<d to 
 admit of their being lumped into one species, or merged in the European A. s/a'rala, — whose 
 small, neat, narrow leaflets, small, compact corymbs of flowers, extremely short pedicels, 
 the upper flowers being almost sessile, and black berries, seem to separate it clearly from 
 all our forms. 
 
CANADIAN RANUNCULACKiTr;. 
 
 ae 
 
 Genns XY.—GimC\niQ,\. Linnaus 
 Belli ham imd Ilookor, tJ.'ii«mi Plantaiiim, I., p. 9. 
 
 1.— ClMICU L'GA UACEMOSA, NilUall. 
 
 Rootstork thick mid knotted. Li'uvch li ''Tiiate, lealh'ts ovatf-oblong, inoisely serrato. 
 Rart'int's bnmchiiiy, vt'iy loiiy and waiid-lik.-, (. to 12 inch, when iii flower, elongating 
 to from 1 to 3 feet in fruit. Sepals white, or greeiiish-whi! , . adacuns. Fruit, nionogy- 
 nous {(sometimes digynous, DC). INtals 4 to t), small. Stamens numerous (as in Acttea) 
 with slender white lilaments, " ultout lOO to each flower, giving the raceme the appear- 
 ance of u long and slemler plume," (Wood.) Flowers fetid. Carpels globo,se-ovale. 
 Seeds t or 8, compressed. Flowers in July. Bhwk Snake Root. Black Cohosh. Bughnne. 
 
 Cimicifuga racemum. Nuttall, Gen. PI., II., p. 15. (1818). Barton, Fl. Thilad., II., p. 12. 
 (181!t). Elliott, Bot. S. Carol., II , p. Iti. (1H21). Torr, & Gr.. Fl. N. Am., I., p. 8G. Torr., 
 Fl. N. Y., I., p. ?•!, t. 4. Gray, Gen. 111., 1 . |). 51, t, 20. Manu.il, ed. 2, p. 15 ; ed. -., p. 48. 
 Chapman, Fl. S. U. S., p. 11. Lawson, lianune., Canad., p. 50. Watson, Bibl. Index, I., 
 p. 9. Macoun, Cat., No. %. Wood, CI. Bk. k II, p. 211. Beiitley, PharnuK-eutical 
 Journal, series 2, II., p. 100. 
 
 C. serpentaria. I'ursh, Fl. N. Am., II., p. 372. 
 
 Aclaa racemosn. Linn. Sp. I'l., p. 722. Amceii. Acad., VII., p. 193, t. 4. Aitoii f., 
 llort. Kew, ed. 2, III-, p. 2Ht;. AVilld. Sp. Fl, II., p. 1139. Michaux. Fl., I., p. 308. DC. 
 Syst. Nat., I., p. 381. Prod., I., p. 04. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., I., p. 27. 
 
 A. monogjjna. Walter, Fl. Carolina, p. 151 
 
 A. mihostdihya and gyruMtirhya. Weiidroth, Index Sem. Ilort. Marburg., 1840. 
 Macroli/s actwoidex. Ealinesque, N. Y. Med. Rep., V., p. 854. DesA'. Jour. Bot., II., p 170. 
 M. ser/ientan'ti. ]']aton, Manual, ed. 4, ]>. 356. 
 
 M. racemosa. Eaton, Man., ed. 5, p. 288. 
 
 Botrophis Herpenlariii. liafin.. Mod. Fl., I, p. 85, f. 1(1. 
 
 B. actaoides. Fischer & Meyer, Index Sem. Petrop., 1835. 
 
 Artcca ruremh longissimis. Gronovivis, Flora \ irginica, p. 59. (1743). 
 
 For an exhaustive account of tiie medicinal proi>erties of this plant, sec Prof. Beutley's 
 paper in the Loudon " Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions," second series. Vol. II., 
 p. 460, (March, 1861), from which it appears that the root had long been a popular remedy 
 iu consumptive and bronchial afTectioiis in several of tlii^ western States of the American 
 Union, and was first brought into ri'gular practice by Dr. Garden, of Virginia, in 1823, as 
 a medicine of great value in tubercular coiLsumpticm. The rhizome i.s the part used. A 
 resiuoid extract is procured by precipitation from the concentrated tin< ture of cimicifuga 
 by water; this has been teimcd nmiciftigin or Mucwtiii (Pharm. Jour., XVI., p. 273), but 
 it does not possi-ss all the active coiistiiuents of the root, which are best taken up by water 
 and (especially) alcohol. Hence water and alcoh(d are commonly used in the medicinal 
 preparations of cimicifuga. kjluid extnicl and a dry extnwl have been prepared by Prof, 
 Procter, (Amer. Jour. Pharm., XXVI., p. 107). 
 
 Habitat in Florida, Virginia, Canada. — Linnwus. 
 
 Canada. — Vursh. Cayuga, Grand Hi ver, Ontario. — Dr. P. W. Madagan, in Herb. Ediu. 
 Norfolk County, Ontario. — Dr. Nichol, according to Macoun's Catalogue. Canada to 
 
 ■nn 
 
86 
 
 LAWSON; RBVISFON OP THK 
 
 \ 
 
 Georgia mid the "Wostorn States —Torre:// ,^ Grai/. Obviously very rare in Canada ; the 
 only Tanadian specinieuH I have seen are those of Dr. Mac-lagan from Cayuga. Said by 
 Wood to grow in upland womls ; by Gray, in rich woods. Maine and Vermont to Wis- 
 consin and southward. — Gray, Man. 
 
 Cultivated in England in 1782 by James Sherard, M.D. 
 
 •; I 
 
 One species. 
 
 Genus XVI.— PyEONIA, Linnmis. 
 Bentham and Hooker, Genera Plantarum, I., p. 10. 
 
 1. — P^KONIA BuowNli, Douglas. 
 
 Herbaceous. Leaves thick, biternate, the leaflets tcrnately and pinnatifidly lobed, 
 glabrous, glaucous l)eneath. Petals scarcely longer than the sepals, leathery, dark red. 
 Follicles three to live, smooth. 
 
 Paonia Brmvnii. Douglas, in Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am., J., p. 27. Torr. & Gray, Fl., I., p. 41. 
 Bot. Reg., ser. 2, t. 30. Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif., I., p. 13. Wats., Bibl. Index, I., p. 
 1."). Macoun, Cat., No. 77. 
 
 /'. Californica. Nuttall, in Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. A., I., p. 41. 
 
 Near the confines of perpetual snow, on the sub-alpine range of Mount Hood, North- 
 West America, 1826, 11. June, July.— D. Douglas. Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. Mount Hood is laid 
 down in II«)oker's map as in lat. 45° N. ; long. 121' W. ; and at a distance of about 160 
 miles from the Pacific Coast. East of the Blue Mountains of Oregon, not in sub-alpine 
 situations.— iVw^rt//, in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. A. San Bernardino to Vancouver and western 
 Utah, but rare east of the Sierra Nevada ; this plant endures a great range of stati a and 
 climate, from wet to very dry soils, and from tiie hot plains of Southern California to near 
 the (confines of perpetual snow on the mountains. — Brewer Sf Watson. 
 
 This species is not known in cultivation. 
 
 NoU.- 
 
 Acox 
 
 n 
 
CANADIAN llANUNCULACBiE. 
 
 87 
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 Revision ok Canadian KANUNCuii.vcE^. 
 
 Notf. — The apocifio itnil varietal iiaiiutH uiidor wliiuh tlio plantx aro dt^a<:rib«<l in tho paper aro printed in tlio 
 Index in sMAki < ai'Italm, the ityuonyum and liintorical naniua in lower cnae luttom. 
 
 PjIOR 
 
 AcoNiTi'H bac'citi nivoiH, Corniito 83 
 
 DBi.i'iiiMKoi.n M, Srich 81 
 
 Amoriranuin, DC 82 
 
 /<. parodoxuiii, lieicli 82 
 
 var. II., liedtilHiur 82 
 
 var. CliamiHsonianuui, Uuicli.... 82 
 
 var. ; , IiO<lulK)ur 82 
 
 var. Heniigaloatiiin, Rei<'li 82 
 
 Fhchbui, yj. ic/i 82 
 
 II. typii:iini, I{o).'ol 82 
 
 /). arcimtiitii 82 
 
 Nai'BI.i.I'b, Linn 81 
 
 Napt^lluK, I look. i<( Tlioni!' 82 
 
 var. dolpliinifolium, SttriuKo 82 
 
 var. dolpli. i>araii<>xuiii, Uegul. . . 82 
 
 nasutuni, Hook 82 
 
 paradoxuiD, Ruich 82 
 
 vulnaro, DC; 81 
 
 AcTiKA Al.IiA, Higiloir HJJ 
 
 Americana, var. II. baccis nivoin, Pursh.. 83 
 
 var. bacris rubrlB, Pursli 84 
 
 arguta, Nutt 84 
 
 brncbyijotala, var. ". alba, IK." 83 
 
 var. ,<. rubra, IX." 83 
 
 grandig, Diutr 43 
 
 gyrostacliya, Wondroth 85 
 
 longii>u8, Spacli 84 
 
 iponogy na, Walttir 8.") 
 
 orthi«taohya, Wtuidroth 85 
 
 jmi'liy poda, Elliott 83 
 
 paltnatu, Hook 43 
 
 rucoiuis longi8!iinii.s, Uronovius 85 
 
 racemoiia, Linn 85 
 
 RVimA, ]\'illd 83 
 
 var. AiiiiiTA, Iaiwioii 84 
 
 spicata, var. allm, Linn 83 
 
 var. argnta, Torroy 84 
 
 var. rubra, Alton 84 
 
 Anbmonb aconitifolia, Michaux 39 
 
 ACUTILOBA, Laicton 30 
 
 alpina, Hook 33 
 
 arctica, Fischer 37 
 
 Bai.dbnbir, Linn 33 
 
 )K>roalis, Kichardson 34 
 
 CanadensiH, Linn 30 
 
 Caroliniaua et c, Plukenet 38 
 
 caul. ram. jiet. lane, Uronovius. . . . 
 
 Ck)ninwrsoniana, IK.' 
 
 cuneifolia, JuKgiuu 
 
 «i.isi)m<'A, (Irai/ 
 
 Dei.TOIIlBA, Ifflllk 
 
 IIU'llOTOMA, Lin)i 
 
 dubia, Bellardi 
 
 fascicniata, Linn 
 
 rtavoHCong, Zurc 
 
 (ini'nlandica, M'kler 
 
 Hbi'atu'a, 1.1/in 
 
 var. arutii, Higolow 
 
 liirKuta, Miincli 
 
 Hud.soniana, HiclmrilHon 
 
 irntgulari.s, Lam 
 
 lancifolia, I'urHli 
 
 lanigora, (lay 
 
 /niiuriii ('.Vi(/;i.'i//), TIlOOpliraNt 
 
 Ludoviciane, Nutt 
 
 minima, IX' 
 
 Mn.TiKiDA, I'oirot 
 
 multiflda, Watson 
 
 NAK(iis«iKi.oKA, Linn 
 
 narrigiiitlora, Hook. & Am 
 
 NKMOROKA, Linn 
 
 N'uttaliana, DC 
 
 0«ll)KNTAI.IH, Willnon 
 
 PAUvin.oHA, Michaiu 
 
 ^.^TH^•s, Linn 
 
 pattMiH, var. Nuttaliana, Gray 
 
 podata, Kttfine.si|ue 
 
 Ponnsylvanica, Linn 
 
 (juinijuofolia, Linn 
 
 ranunculoidoB, var.? Richardson. 
 
 mcHAUiiwoNi, ILkiI: 
 
 gylvcKtris, ,*. alba niinoi, Schrank. 
 
 tonolla, Banks 
 
 thaliotroides, Bigelow 
 
 tbalictroides, *., Linn 
 
 umtollata, Lam 
 
 Vahlii, Hornemann 
 
 ViHoiNiANA, Linn 
 
 Virginiana, Hermann 
 
 Anemonella tbalictroides, Spaoli 
 
 Apium aiiuaticum, Tragus 
 
 Apiuni risu.s, J. Bauhin 
 
 . 38 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 34 
 
 . 37 
 
 . 30 
 
 . 38 
 
 . 41 
 
 . 41 
 
 . 32 
 
 . 71 
 
 . 20 
 
 . 31 
 
 . 38 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 0!) 
 
 . 35 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 35 
 
 . 31 
 
 . 36 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 34 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 40 
 
 . 35 
 
 . 32 
 
 . 33 
 
 . 34 
 
 . 31 
 
 . 32 
 
 . 35 
 
 .. 3!) 
 
 . 35 
 
 .. 37 
 
 .. 3G 
 
 . 34 
 
 .. 34 
 
 .. 28 
 
 .. 28 
 
 . . 41 
 
 .. 37 
 
 .. 38 
 
 .. 38 
 
 .. 28 
 
 .. 54 
 
 .. 54 
 
88 
 
 LAWSON: EBVISiON OK TlIM 
 
 Faok 
 
 Acji'iLWiiA arcti(^a, Ilort 75 
 
 jiiiKVisni.A, Jlnuk- 7(> 
 
 c.Kiti'i.BA, rar. fi-avhucbnb, Lawfon 76 
 
 C'nlifdrnica, IlartwoK 70 
 
 Caxai>bnms, Liiir 73 
 
 I anaiioiisis, Hook 75 
 
 fanadonsis, Torroy 76 
 
 Lanailoiisis, var. auron, Rot^zl 7^ 
 
 var. forinosa, ( "tuiiior 75 
 
 var. r.'KViKi.oKA, Iauvsoh 74 
 
 var., Bonganl 75 
 
 >.orol. simp. ncot. foro roctis, Gronov 73 
 
 iilnpans, Salljl' 73 
 
 oximia, Plnnchon 70 
 
 f.avcscoiis, Watsim 70 
 
 flavillora, Tcnnoy 73 
 
 I i>i!MosA, /'Vw/icr 75 
 
 formoaa- Macoiin 76 
 
 var., liukor 76 
 
 liarvi(l<ira, Loilcbuu: 77 
 
 puiniLi pni'cox Canadensis, Cornnto 73 
 
 p. p. C oxt. rub., medio In.too, Moris 73 
 
 rraxiATA, /Vsr/ii )• .t- .1/i ;/<r 75 
 
 variofrata, ifci'mli 73 
 
 Virjiinianu II. nil)., I'lukonot 73 
 
 vii.iiAiiis, Lbin 77 
 
 vulgaris? Kidiardson 77 
 
 var. lirinisty la, Ciray 77 
 
 Atragene Americana, Sims 20 
 
 Columbiana, Xutt 20 
 
 (Vhotonsis, I'allas 24 
 
 Batraibiuni confervoidt's. Fries 45 
 
 Itrouetii, N'yman 46 
 
 Hotropliif ai'lifoidos. Kiticlier & ?'eyur 85 
 
 SoriK^ntaria, Kaf 85 
 
 Caltiia alpi'stns, Si-hoIt 67 
 
 arctich, HAW. 67 
 
 asarit'olia, DC 68 
 
 liiiliira, Wat.son (lO 
 
 bittora, PC 6!) 
 
 rornuta, S'liutt 67 
 
 (ioviiuiana, Wallicli 07 
 
 ( iuorant-'erii, S'liott (17 
 
 Ilimulonsi.x, Don ((7 
 
 intornaxlia, Scliott 07 
 
 liita, Si'iiott (i7 
 
 latifolia, Si'hott (;7 
 
 l.Kl'TOSKl'Al.A, DC 08 
 
 1 Kl'TOWIil'AI.A ? ntr. lUKi.onA, jAiunon 09. 
 
 XATAXS, J'alliin 08 
 
 orthorliyncha, Ruproolit 07 
 
 rAi.iKTH's, Linn (ic 
 
 var., Hook os 
 
 var. asarifolin, Hotlirock (iS 
 
 viir. minima, Rcgol 09 
 
 var. orlliorliynclia, Traiitv 07 
 
 rar. Siiiiiiu A, Iii(jii 07 
 
 jianiiMiIatn, '.Vail 67 
 
 riiwria. Don 07 
 
 tsagittaU, Torrey 09 
 
 Paor 
 
 vulgaris, Scliott 67 
 
 Clirysa boroalis, liafin 71 
 
 ClMlCIFWlA KACE.MOSA, A'ilM 85 
 
 soriwntaria, Tursli 85 
 
 Clkji.vtis ai.imna, rar. Dciiothskih 24 
 
 Americana, Millor 20 
 
 Amoricaiia, Poirot 20 
 
 bractoata, M(cnch 22 
 
 Canadensis, Miller 22 
 
 Columbiana, Torr. & Gr 20 
 
 rordata, Pursli 22 
 
 cordifolla, Miench 22 
 
 Dowii.Asii, Ifook 23 
 
 fragrans, Palisb 22 
 
 bir.sut i.«sima, Pursli 31 
 
 iiolosoricoa, Pursli 22 
 
 l.KilKTICII'OI.IA, A'!(« 22 
 
 Ocliotpiisis, Poir 24 
 
 Purshii, Detr 22 
 
 VKHThll.l.AIilS, Df 19 
 
 ViRGiNiAXA, Linn 21 
 
 Virginiana et c, Plukonct 22 
 
 Virginiaiia, Hook 23 
 
 AVyctliii Nu(t 23 
 
 Coi-ris ..si'i.KSiiKoi.iA, Stxiifh 72 
 
 aspleni.,!des, Hocik 72 
 
 tracbyix'tala, Sieb. A Zuci' 72 
 
 Tliii-oi.iA, Sali«h 71 
 
 Pf.m'iiinum Ajacis, l.inn 80 
 
 A.r Acis, li'i'irh 80 
 
 AzrmiiM, Miilir 79 
 
 CaroliiiianiiMi, Walter 79 
 
 Consolida, Hook SO 
 
 dpconini, Ueiitli 79 
 
 exallat'ini, lliMik 78 
 
 graiiditlorum, var. variogatuni, H. &A.. 79 
 
 MKN/;iiisii, DC 78 
 
 Nuttalliana, Pritz 78 
 
 OUlEXTAI.I), /. Ouij 80 
 
 patens, N'ewlMirry 78 
 
 paueitldjum, Xutt 78 
 
 scol'lloiu'M, Gniij 78 
 
 slMi'i.KX, Dimijhin 80 
 
 simplex, ( iray 79 
 
 tuborosiim, Aleiizies 78 
 
 VAIUWIATI'M, T. A- G 79 
 
 vi mi Ileum, ]>on 79 
 
 virescens, Nutt 79 
 
 Oaisspnia verr.a, Haf 71 
 
 nollebdruH trifoliiis. Mini 71 
 
 trilolius, l.am 71 
 
 Hepalica, tironoviiis 29 
 
 llopalica acutiloba, Di! 31 
 
 Americana, Ker 29 
 
 triloba, Cbaix 29 
 
 </. obtuga, T. it G 29 
 
 /<. acuta,'!'. AG 31 
 
 ;(. Americana 20 
 
 /(. fol. seg. acutis, Hix)k 31 
 
 >'. fol. lob. obtusis, Hook 29 
 
c^m'^^-'^'"''^"''^- 
 
 89 
 
 vftr. acuta, rt>«^^ .■.'.'.".'..•• ' 
 
 Hyacintbus, Hwoi - ^ • • • • • 
 
 ■Macrotj s a*^' ^^aton - - 
 
 :,^„„,i., «»»■;;;.;•,■. --/^ 
 
 "'"""isl'**''"' ■.•.•;.■.■.■.■.■.■.■..• *;, 
 
 Pop"laR°'^*T'"", '.'.on ? 
 
 -^-^^"^Su;rB.-«o> ••;;•;.;;•; 
 
 Acnis.^"" '. 
 
 arris, Maooun 
 
 ,.„,.,,,,B.OCABVt«- Jl-^ 
 
 alismivfoUu^' "'■''■'■■'■.■. v. 
 
 AUa\c«9,l'axm----- 
 
 ,,ns I^itebour.'- 
 
 ftinc* i^^^"> 
 
 AMHI''*'-^"' " 
 
 Am...au\,Gmn>oi..-- 
 
 T >,iiii Watt-on 
 
 rar. >•"■ Tjuksoh 
 
 ^c^^c^,^^t'"■^'::z 
 
 aum'o...u«. Hook 
 
 viir , l^i"'^ 
 
 var. atii"'"' 
 
 ltockii,l'ou. •■••••••••■ 
 
 ,,rovka«V.^."°"^- 
 
 "^"ti'''^^'^''^>' • 
 
 cia.ionMs.^'^^n"-;; 
 
 .- 1 ,llim llooK 
 
 canl.ol'lo""^' j^,.,(,U,„aal 
 
 Clmmiasonii^.B'^"'' 
 
 53 
 
 oonfon— ,. 
 
 rSS'Barton ..•••;;;•:;::.... 
 
 ^"^^'^'"lalSbt.ndal..--- ^ 
 
 Ylainmula, bLUiB 
 
 var. intermedm, Hook 
 
 var.roptans«.n.th.. ,._. 
 
 8ub.-sp. r«P^"^- " 
 
 n«uan8,vrovi.n«u^'- ••■;;;;. 
 
 fluviatms,B.golow..- 
 
 Wi;W"H,^*'"\;-;:"': 
 
 o,,AimuH'»i«s--'^'"'"' 
 
 Ol.AC.M.li', ii""--. 
 
 hoaoracous,B.r.a 
 
 ""•''*''C:.to™u,La«;»on.----;;;;;V 
 
 hispidus.W"* •■_■;.■. 
 
 , i.his Micbaux 
 
 WsinJuB,VurBb 
 
 HooKBiti, Ptfl" • • • ■ • ^^.^. iliern 
 
 ^^'^'^i^a. '■■■■■■■ 
 nvrBUTOKWN /J ^^Thoms 
 
 jlVVBW'Ol^'''''*'' ! 
 
 intormoW _ 
 
 lacus- '•^"''r",,„r 
 
 j,„.,,>no."OV^^^'-;,^^^^, 
 
 lanugiw«uB,v«-- • 
 
 LM-vosicUB,lAnn. 
 
 iimosu»,N«^t-;--'-;; 
 
 U»i:ua,l'"«^';;' 
 
 l.,batu«,Jacq«">"--- 
 
 ^"'^'"'tS"^^-^-" •■•• 
 
 HavUau»V""° 
 
 »u-"^'^-^VT;mohv«,^'''«°'' 
 
 „ar. r- »«''''^^' " 
 
 nwUilV\«s,var.,^." 
 
 nitiduR.Ho* '''^ 
 
 sivAu«,W''";--^-;;;; 
 
 nivalis, ,<•, ^''"Vvaiiloniien? 
 
 52 
 
 Paoh 
 . 69 
 . 64 
 . 61 
 ,. 48 
 ,. 48 
 .. 4« 
 ,.. 48 
 ... 48 
 . 48 
 "... 48 
 . 46 
 .... 46 
 .. 57 
 .. 53 
 .. 47 
 "... 47 
 ' .. 49 
 v.... 45 
 ■ .. 44 
 "" .. 44 
 44 
 44 
 62 
 61 
 62 
 59 
 45 
 . 45 
 . 44 
 . 46 
 .. 66 
 .. 66 
 .. 56 
 .. 60 
 ... 61 
 .. 46 
 . 63 
 .. 61 
 ' .. 56 
 ... 47 
 .. 49 
 "*.. 40 
 .... 44 
 '" .. 45 
 "" .. 61 
 
 46 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 
 ^ 63 
 
 . 64 
 
 . 61 
 
 ,. 67 
 
 .. 56 
 
 .. 58 
 . 68 
 . 66 
 . 68 
 
 "..62 
 
 Soo 
 
 lY., 1884.- 12. 
 
9& 
 
 LAWSON: IlimsIOl^ OF RANUNi.'ULAChl.'R. 
 
 '7 
 
 if 
 
 occidontalis, T. iV O .. 
 
 var. paivillonis, Torroy 
 
 oi!Tii()i!iiY\nir8, Hook 
 
 OVAI.IS, lilJitli'Si/i' 
 
 1'ali.asii, fklih chlivdal 
 
 palust. ai)iilol. Itrvis, C. Rauli 
 
 panri.staminons, var. boronlis, Ikmrl 
 
 jX'ilatKiiliiM, Monk 
 
 pt\hui(i(his,Si-li]odit 
 
 IxM)atiliihis, Siiiilli 
 
 1'knXSVI.\ ANKTS, lAwi. Jil 
 
 Ponnsylvanicus, I'lir.sli 
 
 Peiinsylvaiiiciis, vav., liiria 
 
 I'liilonotis, I'lirsli 
 
 |iIanla^rinifo)ins, .Miirriiy 
 
 lii'Dstralus, I'oiriit , 
 
 jHilcliollnti, C. A. Mcyor 
 
 I'lnsliii, Kiilianlsoii 
 
 «., Iiirliardsoii 
 
 li, Kiclianlson 
 
 li, tom'stris (siibglaber), 1.<Hle- 
 hour 
 
 var. }. Iloiik 
 
 var. ('. llook 
 
 pygtnociis, Walil 
 
 raili.nns, ('. A. ]^Ieyor 
 
 ". tyjiiciKs, Kegel 
 
 var. uuiltilidiis, Hi^gcl 
 
 ■i ropen.x, lii'gcl 
 
 RBCtHVATrs, Point 
 
 rccnrvatu.s, Bong 
 
 ;<. Nelsonii, DC 
 
 RKl'BXS, I.ini) 
 
 rar. iiispiDrs, T. A- O, 
 
 ri'iK'.ns, var. Marilandioiis, T. i^ G 
 
 I!Ill>TA^ s, Linn 
 
 var. <. niifonni^, DC 
 
 far. :i iNTi:i;M};[)irK 
 
 rlioiiibdiilens, Goldio 
 
 Sabini, K. lir. 
 
 salsuginosiis, I •on 
 
 saksuginosus, I'allas 
 
 salsuginosiLs, Wallirli 
 
 saiiicula>formi8, Muhl 
 
 1'auk 
 
 . (i4 
 
 . M 
 
 . MS 
 
 . 52 
 
 5!l 
 
 54 
 
 45 
 
 . 5!) 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 02 
 
 61 
 
 03 
 
 01 
 
 49 
 
 00 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 47 
 17 
 
 47 
 47 
 47 
 5(. 
 47 
 47 
 40 
 47 
 03 
 04 
 04 
 00 
 01 
 01 
 48 
 4cS 
 48 
 53 
 50 
 40 
 4i) 
 4ii 
 03 
 
 Paok 
 
 sarnmntosup, AdauiM 49 
 
 WHi.KHATis, Li I 53 
 
 Schlochtendalii, Hook (il 
 
 Kulpliiiroti.s, Solaiidor 58 
 
 tciudluii, Nutt 04 
 
 tonientostis, Poirot 00 
 
 tridontatus, HI5K 49 
 
 trifolius, Mirnch 02 
 
 Syndusinon thalictroides, IlUhisg 28 
 
 TiiAi.iCTRusi acaulo, Camb 27 
 
 Ai.i'iNiiM, Limi 26 
 
 Aniericamim, Parkinson 25 
 
 AXKMii\o!iiR«, Michx 28 
 
 ( anadnnse, ( 'ornuto 25 
 
 ( 'anadnnso, ot <•., Tournufcrt 25 
 
 ('arolini;\iuini, DC" 25 
 
 ilavatuni, Hook 27 
 
 clavatuni, DC 27 
 
 confortum, Ma ni')i 26 
 
 CoKNi.Tr,Z((i(/ 24 
 
 corynolliini, i)C.. 25 
 
 croiiatiini, Desf. 05 
 
 Dioici'V, Linn 20 
 
 discolor, Willd 95 
 
 .Ticponicuni, Tii'O''. rg 72 
 
 liiniitnni, Michx 2(5 
 
 louc(«ti'.mon, Koch i% Honcbo 25 
 
 niargMiat'im, Koylo 27 
 
 nu.j„.-s fol. AiiuiL, (itc, iAb)rison 25 
 
 niicroiihylliun, Koylo 27 
 
 ofX'iD' -n i!,j, Grav 25 
 
 PliHr»>^fiAR(BXs, LJnn 28 
 
 Kicliardsonii, Gray 27 
 
 rugosum, I'ursli 25 
 
 si'.ai.firi.oni'ir, Twc: 27 
 
 '!"i!AiTT\ ivnioiirA (iUANDis, Xnlt 43 
 
 jialiiinta, var. oi'cidiMitalis, (iray 43 
 
 Tr'foliiim Uopaticuni, Montzolius 29 
 
 Tuoi.i.iu.s Amhuu-ani-.x, Muhlmh 70 
 
 docaiwta'.'is, DC 71 
 
 1axii,>i, Salisb 70 
 
 IuM'tajn'taliis, ))('.... 71 
 
 Tusfilajo sivo Karfugi.ini, Mathiolus 07 
 
 Warncra Canadensis, Miller. 70 
 
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