^, f^^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I 11.25 |50 ■^" IIII^H ■^ 1^ 12.2 1^ 12.0 I: 1 m ^m Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. !>5S0 (716) 872-4S03 iV •N? CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notea/Notaa tachniquat at bibiiographiquaa Tha Inatituta has attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avallabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibiiographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D n n Colourad covars/ Couvartura da couiaur I I Covars damagad/ Couvartura andommagte Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurte at/ou palliculAa I I Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Cartas g6ographiquas en couiaur Coloured init (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encra da couiaur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ ReliA avac d'autrei documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along Interior margin/ La rallure serrAe peut causer da I'ombre ou de la distortion la long de le merge intArieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mals, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas At* filmtes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentairas; L'Institut a microfilmA la meillaur axemplaira qu'il lul a *t6 possible de se procurer. Les details da cet exemplaira qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier une image reprodulte, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode norrnale de filmaga sont indlquAs ci-dessous. I — I Coloured pages/ n Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagAas Pages restored and/oi Pages restaur^as et/ou pellicultes Pages discoloured, stained or foxe( Pages dAcolortes, tachattes ou piquAes Pages detached/ Paqes ditachtes Showthrough> Transparence Quelity of prir Quality intgah de I'lmpression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du materiel supplAmentaIre Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible I — I Pages damaged/ I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r^ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r^ Showthrough/ I I Quelity of print varies/ r~~] Includes supplementary material/ r~n Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., heve been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata. une pelure, etc., ont At* fiimAes A nouveau de fa^on A obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux (*b reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 2SX 30X 1' 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here hat been reproduced thanks to the generosity off: National Library off Canada L'exemplaire ffilmt f ut reproduit grAce h la gdnArositt de: BibliothAque nationale du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility off the original copy and in keeping with the ffilming contract specifications. Les limages suivantes ont At6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition at de la nettetA de l'exemplaire ffilmA, et en confformitA avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are ffilmed beginning on the ffirst page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont ffilmte en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont ffilmAs en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded fframe on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniire image da cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at difffferent reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are ffilmed beginning in the upper lefft hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as requited. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est ffilmA A partir de I'angie supArieur gauche, de gauche A droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Major General John Graves Simcoe, First Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada. ■^ *■ ■J ■■■ - s i; • t -.*>■» \H-,- - rr •ffV ' " II •i,-j|5i.i|jp||ii I i Aajor Gekeral Isaac Brock. Fkul in Action Oct 13^" 1612. -V-Jt.^*5i'!iSr™ I ^^"■pppp s'lni* - ^tr^rr ^^^^^tmmfvmmm pipp^^w^ll ip If 11,1 III ROBERTSON'S Landmarks ofToronto A COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL SKETCHES or THE OtiI> TOWN OF YORK From 1792 until 1833, AND OF Toronto Prom 1834 to 1895 AUO Nearly Two Hundred Engravings of Old Houses, Familiar Faces and Historic Places, with Maps and Schedules Connected with the Local History of York and Toronto. REPUBLISHED FROM THE TORONTO "EVENINO| TELEGRAM." -•^ O" TORONTO: J. ROSS ROBERTSON, i89e. j Entered according to Act of the Ptirliamont of Canada in the year one thousand eightThnndrcd and ninety-six, by J. Uoss Robertson, at the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. •Wr^ ^ mm LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. OOITXE33SrTS- I'AOK CHAPTER rxrvi. •I'lii' Fhr BriffHdo of Ol«l-Story of the Toiouto Fire C'oiiuinnics fmiii their boKimiiitK to tlw year 181)."» 5t>!l CHAPTER CXCVn. Fire* From Early Timca— A History of Every Fin? of any Irarorfuico Which ha« Hnppeiuxl in Toronto Siuoc itH Foundation (SI 2 CHAPl'ER CXCVm. Tho Resifctiy Office— A Dcnartment of the Public Service which has bocn Moved from Place to Place with Rcniarkible Fre«)uem'y 072 CHAPTER CXCIX. Jordan Port's Shop-The Old Watch- maker ol York ; Early Rccollec- tiouK of a Tall New Eniclaiidor ; His Shop on Duke and Kin'^ Sts, (>7M CHAPTER CC. A Bay Shore Cottafcc— A House Oc- cupied by CoL H. C/offln. Capt. Phillpotti», Capt. Boiwiyca«tle and Raynifitid Baby; Sketches of the Men HIT'. CHAPTER CCf. The First Cab in th© City-Earlyi Hifltory of Public ConveyanccH and Sonic of Thorn Who Drove Them ,(«77 CHAPTER ecu. The Blight House- Tho Old Homo- stead on Queen Street East : Some Reminiscences of a York Pioneer (>78 CHAPTER ceil I. Tho Island LLghthou«o— Tho Build- ing on Grindstone Point. Com- pleted in tho voar ISOH (>S0 CH.VJP'l'EIt CCIV. T\vo Wostoru Piors—Viows of tho Northern Railway Pier and Queen's Wharf from tlio East and West <»S0 CHAPTER CCV. The Old Pool in the Park-Au Arti- ficial Miniature Lake which Once Orna,meuted the I'nivertiity Grounds 1,683 CHAPTER CCVI. York'a Firet Ba«m.r— -A Piece of Music Comrosed for and Sunp; on that Occasion 683 i'AOK CHAPTER CCVII. A Church Street Corner— The Build- in4; at tho North-west Corner of Church and Adelaide Streets (685 CHAPTER CCVHl. The First York Roniment — An Or- Kunisation of Militia Established here in 17n8-ItH Officers 686 CHAPTER CX^IX. Newmarket and Sharon— The Region of Upper Yonpc Street, With a Full Account of David Willson and His Sect, the Children of Peace 686 CHAPTER OCX. Upper YonjJTo Street — The Appear- ance of tho Great Northern Road, With Sketches of Its Early In- habitants, from Bond's Lake to to the Holland Landin); 690 CHAPTER *" Iv CONTENTS. TAIIK CirAPTKK Ci'XVn. The Kaiig«>rH uiid Nav.v Hall -SVhii' It Coat In tlif Da.VH <.f 17»2 to Hut the FumoiiH (iut'i'iiH Uiiiikitm and to Fit U|» the (lovi'i-mtrV Houflo '•''" CHAPTKU CCXVlll. What Slmcoo Wrote «»f Yoik-ltH ntnciw a« an ArHoual — 'I'ln' Pi-o- porsalH to Fortify tlir I'laic I'M CIIAPTKIt CCXIX. Old Niagara— Tho IU'coimIh in tlif Archives— A Descrijition nf Fort Niagara in 1790 "41 CHAPTi:ii crxx. A Provfwt MarHhal in 1777— Miirs Prentice and the .liul,i of the Koyal SfHirt 752 CIIAPTEIt CCXXV. Mechanics' InstitntCH — The Growtli ami Fluctuation of Sentiment in Favour of Free Heading llooms for the People from ISHl to 1883 75(» CHAPTER CCXXVI. An Early Volunteer Corps aud Ita I'mniediate Kut'ceBHors-ZToudltions of Service and Other Data— The; Nig'ht Guard and iU* Duties 7fi() The Officers of the Old Qiueen'* Rangers Who Settled in Toronto and Tiheir Descendant^ 7G1 CHAPTEU CCXXVir. Tiie laland in the FortiCM— "TilwS Horse Boat"— Its Owner and Hiw History- Sports and Pastimes of Long Ago 702 CHAPTER CCXXVIII. Lambtou and Etobicoke— Fifty Years Since— The Old MiIIh— Uespectinig the Gamble, Fi«hier aud Howhuul Families 7(!7 CHAPTER CCXXIX. Aq Early Industry— For Making Car- riages, Reaping Machines and Cabs 773 PAOB CHAPTER CCXXX. / Thi> Old 100th Regimeut-A Remiii- iKcence of the Formatiou of a Iteginient that Iwd at one time iu it many Canadian)* 774 CHAPTER CCXXXI. The Third York Militia-Tlieir llin- tory an Was R(>H|M)Usible ? — General Shcaffe's Services 807 CHAPTER CCXXXV. St. .Tames' Rectory— The Mau Who Ruilt It— Its Earlier Pufpose — Its Occupants for more than Forty-five Years— The late Dean 800 CHAPTER CCXXXVI. I'rout Street of Old— The Gooder- ham Wharf and Mill-The Fair Ground— Other Notable Buildings -The Old Fort ;.. 812 CHAPTER CCXXXVir. Canadian Lake Navigation— Au Ac- count of the First Vessels tluit Sailed oiir Inland Waters and of Those Who Manned Them, 1078-1776 815 CHAPTER CGXXXVIII. The War of Indeneudeuce— A Gov- ernmental Hai ir Survey— The U. E. Loyaliet8-1770 to 1809... 821 CHAPTER CCXXXIS. Six Eventful Years— The first Steam Vessels— The War of 1812 and the Battles on the Lakes-18()9- 1815 834 CHAjPTER CCXL. A New Era— Peace Reiigns in the Land— Me rea utile Enterprise Re- vives-1815 to 1819 841 CHAP'IAER CCXLI. A Progreasive Enterprise— The March of Improvement— More Steamers and Moie Trade-1819 to 1837... 849 CONTKNTH. PA«)B s. / Ut'iuin- II of a 110 tim«' 77+ I'ir lliH- .'lit ^'' .. iiiIhmiou- 77ft 7S2 lU. Iw I'.al- Dati- of (I Yt'ar8 u .Miii;.y *> U«Ki- »rmatioii lowenta- ;U3 ilV. Forces lo Were f r— Wh«» Gl'lUTul XV. au Wlu> ufpos*? — e than lat« :vi. GoodiT- Faii- uildiujco 83 801 807 800 812 vn. All !l8 Ac- that aud riwni. III. Qov- ey— The 1809... Steam 12 and j-1809- 815 821 S34 841 March teauiero 1837... 849 • in the Ue Re- CHAPTKU CCXLir. The ltob4-lliou of l^<37•3N-Rv«>lltH uu the Lakes— <^»pturt> of llu- Caro- line 807 C'lIAPTEK CCXMII. 4'omplaiiiliiK Travellern— The 8t<'am- ere Great Britalu and Viftoriii — Captain ThoiiiaH DU-k and Mr. GUklHon 870 CHAFrEK CCXLIV. Tbe Trade of tlic Lake Slill <'on- tiuueM to Expand— The Mall Steamers and Other Mattel^ 882 CHAPTER rCXLV. The ttoynl Mall Line-184() to 1857- How the (*oin|H)ny Wiw Formed and Where— Notable Steamers and Their raptala-M— Well Ue- menibered OfficlalH 901 CHAPTER CCXLVL StoruiM ami Shipwrecks- (Jreat I)c- vtructLou of Life and Property — The CommerciJil Di>itreHs in 1857 907 CHAPTER CCXLVII. Gloomy Anticipatioiifi for the Spring Trndi'— The Fii-st Arrival of the Season 918 CHAPTER CCXTVIII. The Niapira Steamei . 1"i74— 78— An Old Institution ThientiMied— Formidable Oppositiou — The Newcomer Whim 92.'» CHAPTER CCXLIX. Niagara Falls Line. 1883 to 1893- A Popular Vessel— OpiKtMitiou is the Soul of Trade-A Truce Ef- fected 930 CHAPTER CCL. Hamilton Steamboat Co., 1887 to 1898— A Modeet Reninninfi— An Enterprising and ProgreaHive Policy 9.".2 CHAPTER CCLL The General History of tlio Lake ShippLuM: Continued— Tli« Gun- boats— Steamlioat Raciuit 932 CHAPTER CCLII. New Steamers— Captains on the Lnke and Others Who Wore Piominent in the Shipping World— Conclud- ing Remarks 9r.2 CHAPTER CCLIII. Lome and Victoria Parka— 'llho Various Steamers on the Routes— Their Respective Com- manders. 1887-1893 9.-.8 CHAPTER CCLIV. Toronto Ferry Co.. 1890-93- It« Rise aud Progref's— Its VaiU>iiH Ves- eelB- Qulft leefulneas 9.j8 CHAPTER CCLV. Hoyal Canadian Yacht Club— 1 Is Rist> and Progress and History from 1860-1893 9(U) I' AUK CHAPTER CCLVl. Canadian Pacific Hteuuu'rH— The Col- lingwood and Lake Supt>rior Line — its Immediate Siuccessor 971 CHAPTER CCLV II. The Kochester Route-1889-1893- The Steamship Carmona — Iler Previous History— Appropriately Named 972 CHAPTER CCLVIII. Ihe Ottawa Steamers, 1804-1893- Thelr History -The Earlier Ves- sels—Well Known and Respected Officials 972 CHAPTKR CCLIX. The R. and O. Company— The Fam- ous Lake Company— Some Not- able Steamers-- A Favourite Route- 1857-76, 1876-93 974 CHAPTER CCLX. Tabula te»l Statements of Various VescelH, from 1078 to the Pres- ent Time 981 CHAPTER CCLM. York's Assessment Rolls— The Early Itolls-The Parofhiiil i)flicials- Who They Were an ' Where They Came From— Cnri ies in the Accounts 990 CHAPTER CCLXIl The Town of York— Its Ris'atx^ Tro- grcsH— ItM Population ileturns from 1793 to 1834, with other Interesting Data 996 CHAPTER CCL XIII. The Early Seasions— The First Days of the Century— The Grand In- quest- Frivolous and Vexutious Charges— The Home District School »95) CHAPTER CCLXIV. The Wood Correspondence— Mr, Wood aud the Early York Resi- dents— Dr. Strachan's Sayings aud Opinions— An "Officer and a Gentleman"— An Acrostic 10<)7 CHAPTER CCLXV. A Scrap of History— The Fight at Beaver Dam— The Part Taken in it by Colonel Fitzgibbon— Mrs. S«'cord'8 D.ninK Exploit 1021 CHAPTER (X:LXVI. An Old .Tarvis Street House— The Rt'sideuce of the late Colonel Samuel Peters Jarvis 1023 CHAi>TER CCLX VII. St. .lames' Church— The Second linildinij;— How it was Built and by Whom— The Original Contract —Its Final Dt^struction 1025 CHAPTER CCLXVIIL A Cunadiai! Pioneer- Reminiecenees of One of Toronto's Oldest Set- tlers—His Early Days, Educa- tion and Varied Experience- Men He Has Known 1035 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTKU CCLXIX. An Old Lottery Schomc-Thc Pro- posal to Raise FmidH for the Cou- struction of the Torouto, Simcoe and Huron Railwny • CHAPTER CCLXX. A RemimbMeiice of the Old Market S«iuare CHAPTEU CCr.XXl. Old Newejiapere— Tlie Files in the Library at Ottawa— A Liug Lo»t Watch"A I^ng Drive CHAPTER CCLXXII. The Military Tnnilpiu riiil) - The Meimbcrs' X;inio«-Sl)cllioii-^niP- thiug About the Man Wbo Warned the People oi" 'roronto of the Advance of Mn^'keuzie... CHAPTER CCLXXIV. Old Days Brought r.a<'k— Extraot-* from the Various \Vritiiipr> "f To- ronto's Veteran Tdejjraphei — When Canada Wa.s Young— The Rise of the Telegrapher aiAPTER CCLXXV. The Earliest New-spapers— When and Where Issued— Singular Adver- tlFenicnts— Slave II(.1(Iim-h and Slave Dealers CHAPTER CCI.XXVI. , A Long Forgotten Incident— Lienten- . ajit-Goveniors Huntev and Gore and the Canndtaus— An Addrc-as to the Priu^c Regent and Who Signed It CHAPTER CCLXX VII. Aa Old Aecount Book— Some Quaint and Interesting Entii<»s— A Con- trast Lu Prices Between the Pres- ent Time and a Centiirv Since... CHAPTER CCLXXVIII. ' The War of 1812— Many Intei-esting Documents Relating to it— Pn>- clamatiou and Gen. Brock'M Re- ply CHAPTER CCLXXIX. Toronto's Earlier Fairs— A Striking Contrast— The First Agricultural Societies— Parliamentary Aid- Some Amusing Recollections Old Time Exliibitions-Tlie First Show— Chnu'4(>M in the Province— PAliK 1037 1088 1030 1040 1048 1053 1054 10(50 10(13 10(i4 10S7 I'AOK An IniposLng Demonstration- Weil Kuow^i Prize Takers— Ob- solete Industries 1090 CHAPTER CCLXXX. The Old Crystal Palace- Sir Ed- mund Head— Distinguished Visit- ors— "Chevaliers d'Industrie"— A Roun00 jcr cent, in 28 Years— Fa ri,\ Assess- ments-Three Different Metho«ls.. 1122 CHAPTER CCLXXXIX. An Old Document— A Promissory NotQ of 1834-How the City of Toronto Raised Money in the year of it^ Int'orporation 1124 CHAPTER CCXC. Some Old Time Residences— The Brough House — Two Simcoe Buildings— Sam. Rogers and John Shea 1125 I I'.VffK 1090 ration- are— Ob- :'x." Sir B(l- d Visit- rie"- A F!xhibit8 1003 XI. Ivcrtiec- 760 591 Mechanics' Institute 757 593 First Ferry Horse Boat 762 595 Second Ferry Horse Boat 768 597 Third (Steam) Ferry 764 599 Fourth (Steam) Ferry 765 601 LouLs J. Privat's House 766 602 Howlond's Mills, 1840 767 604 Howlnnd's Store, 1840 768 606 F. A. Howland's House 769 607 I Kev. Dr. Phillips' House 770 608 ] William Gamble's Store 771 609 I Millwood, The FLsher Homlestead 772 611 j Ci>lour.s of 100th Regt opp. 774 620 j Preaentation of Colours, 100th Regi- 626 ! meat 777 626 : WMUfam Allan opp, 778 I The •' East York " Colours 779 626 1 Major Allan's Chestnut Tree 780 643 I Museum at Moss Park, Interior, opp. 782 655 I Colours of 10th Royals opp. 804 ' Capitulation of York (two illustra- 661 I tione) opp. 808 664 ; St. Jnmea' Rectory, Front View 810 667 I St. James' Rectory, Rear View 811 66'.t Front Street View opp. 812 671 The Barque Griffin 816 English Fleet on St. Lawrence^ 672 1758-60 opp. 819 French Fleet, ditto opp. 820 674 Loss of "The Ycrk" 829 676 Finkle'a Point 848 679 Steamer Walk-in-the-Water 846 679 Steamer Queen Charlotte 847 Tlii ILLUSTRATIONS. PAOR The Steamer Martha Ogdeu 861 The Steamer Great Britain 856 The Steamer William IV 858 The Steamer United States 863 The Steamer Caroline 869 Macuab, Aluu N., Sir opp. 870 Steamer City of Toronto HS5 Steamer Ontario 887 Steamer Chief Justice Robinson 890 Steamer City of Hamilton 893 Steamer Peerless 895 Captain Thomas Dick opp. Sfl(» Steamer America opp. 897 Steamer Europe 898 Steamer Arabian 903 Georpre Burton Hdlluid opp. OO-t The Ferry Boat Bouquet 921 The Steamer Kothesay Castle 922 The Tu^ Kobb 923 Steamer City of Toronto 924 Steamer Chirora 926 Steamer Ciboln— Burnt at Lewiston, 1895 928 Steamer Chippewa 929 Steamer Empress of India 931 Steamer Macassa 933 Steamer Modjeskn 934 Propeller Ocean 942 Propeller Persia 945 The Propeller Alma Munro. 954 Andrew H(>ron opp. 955 The Spanish CaravelB 95(5 The Rosamond 957 The Mayflower 959 The Primrose 961 First Club House 962 Steamer Provincial 963 The Oriole 964 R. C. Y. C. Lauuth 9?T5 The Zelma 967 The Humber 970 The Steamer Empress 973 The Steamer Sovereign 973 i The Steamer AlJferian 975 | The Steamer Passport 975 j The Steamer Magnet 975 i The Piopeller Corsicau 976 } The Steamer Spartan 977 ; Th« Steamer Montreal 977 • The Steamer Quebec 978 I The Steamer Caroline 978 j The Stoamer Canada 979 i The Steamer Sagueuay 979 I The Steamer Columbian 980 , The Steamer Bohemian 980 The Steamer Trois Rivieres 980 Alexander Milloy opp. 981 The Reaideuce of Colonel JarHs 1024 PAGE St. James' Cathedral, Erected 1881. 1028 Sectional View St. James' Gathe- Qpftl ■•••••••• ••••••■••••• ■•*•••••■ ••(•••••••••••• d.t/ZO Ground Floor of St. James' Cathe- dral 1080 Plan of Gallery of St. James' Cathe- dral 1088 William Helliwell «ppl086 Thomas Ridout opp. 1063 Forts Niagara and Erie opp. 1070 Brock's Monument 1084 York Almanac's First Pace npp. 1096 First Anglican Church Erected in Toronto 1101 lu'erior View of First Anglican Cliurch 1102 The Island Block House, 1814 1108 TORONTO \T|n,i:T'(^ CI.CB. Toronto Athletic Club 1104 The Billiard Room 1105 With the Fencers 1106 The BowHn? Alleys 1106 The Smoking Room 1107 The Big Plunge 1107 The Gymnasium 1108 Inner Vestibule 1109 A Cosy Comer 1110 Commitlee Room 1111 DKTROIT. Fac Simile of Letter Accompanyingl Flag of Truce 1114 Fac Simile of the Plan df the Fort. 1116 Fac Simile of Explanatory Letter... 1116 Fac Simile of Original Articles of Capitulation opp. 1116 Fac Simile of Duplicate of Original Articles of Capitulation opp. 1117 Fac Simile of Additions Proposed by General Hull 1117 Fac Simile of Supplemental Article opp. 1118 Fac Simile of Addition to Supple- mental Article 1118 Fac Simile of Gen. Brock's Letter to Friends in England 1119 Fac Simile of Gen. Brock's Procla- mation opp. 1119 Fac Similes of Endorsements to Capitulation 1120 Fac Similes of Endorsements to Capituation (six cuts) 1121 Growth of Toronto's Assessment 1122 A Promissory Note of 1834 1124 Brough House, Simcoe street, 1846... 112S Two Simcce Street Residences 1126 Rogers' House, Bay Street 1127 John Shea's House, 1860 1128 GhEIsTER-A-L IITIDEX:. A PAGE Adamsoii & Chapiuau's Vhv, I^SS-A... 654 Addrt'se to Piim-o Regent 1062 Admiral Sti'iuncr 622 Allan. G. W 781 Allan, William 1000 Aircy. Colouol 754 1043 Anglican Church in Newmarket 688 Anglican clergy, 1821 1098 Ardagh, Arthur 581 Ardagh, Richnrd,..596, 600, 610. 612 663 Armstrong k Co 1092 Armstrong, Jamee 579 Arnold, Benedict 716 Arnold, Richard 867 870 Arsenal at York 740 Arthur, George Sir 572 Ashfield, Jamee.. .581, 587, 588. 598 612 Athletic Club Committee 1109 1111 B Baby. Raymond 675, 676 Baldwin, Edmund 812 Baldwin, W. W 812 Baruum, OP. T 813 Bate. Lewie 1092 Baldmu. W. W A)94 Battle of Beaver Dams 1081 Battle of Chateauguay 1085 Battle of Chippewa 1075 Battle of Chrysler's Farm 1085 Battle of Lake, in 1759 819 Battle of Lake Erie 1076 Battle of Lundy'8 Lane 1086 Battle of Moravian Town 1085 Battle of Queeiwtou 1072 Battle of Stoney Creek 1079 Battle ol York 1077 Baynes, Edward 1070, 1072 Blackburn, Thornton 677 Blackst Deuison, G. T "■*'..», 783, Deuisou, John Deaisou, John E ^• Denisou, R. L "■*'• Dewar, E. H Dewsoa, Majoi' ••■;;.•• Drew, Audrew ^^^h Dick, James Dick, Thom.'is S15, 8<0, Dicksou, N. H Dixon, F. E Dixon, Joseph DosI'h Brewery burnt ■■—• Don bridge auJ the Rebellio.i o.' 1837 Don Foundry burnt, 18.">'.» Doualdsou, J. A Dou<;hty, Thomas Drummoud, Charles Druuimoud, General Duffy. James Duggiui, George Duraiid, Charles Durham, E irl o. Durie, W. S : i<: Early Kewspaijers 1054, Early Printing Early Settlers o. ITUl Eai'ly Kettlers. Cauo-s, Battoaux... Ear.y Toronto. 1791 EasscKQ, Robert F East York MiliLia Edwards, Willie, Burnt to Death... Esplanade Fires of 1874 aud 1885 G48, Elmaley, John 804, 914, Eg'intoa, Early Uesideuts o' Elliott, Mrs. and Children Burnt to Death iu 1803 Ellis Anthoiy Engineers, Uoyal Mail Line VM-.y. 1103 770 024 :S2 1000 715 715 594 075 803 748 592 1034 702 579 1113 1085 705 899 701 072 935 1090 1001 075 781 714 749 870 815 871 1090 790 509 017 508 031 740' 000 027 100."> 733 1001 .. 71 572 921 1000 743 730 817 736 1053 778 652 054 1059 707 637 627 907 i-At;K Erskiue Presbyterian Church Burnt iu 188t 653 F Fatal Accident nt a Fire Fairgreeu Riot, 1855 Fenian liaid Fleming, William Fidler, Isaac Fire Brigade, Officers, 1833 Fire Brigade, Roll of Deaths Fire Brigade in 1893, 1894, 1895... Fire Companies, Captains of Fire Company No. 4 Organized Fire Company No. 2, Survivors in 1895 Fire Department in 1849, 1850, 1855. 1868 579, 579. 582. Fire Department Re-organized iu 1838 Fire Inspectors Fire Limits of City Fire Regulations 577, Firemen's Beuelit Society First Cabs iu Toronto First Members B. A. Fire Company First Merchant Vessel First Officers Hook and Ladder Co. 1831 First Official Record Fire Brigade. First Steamboat in America First Steamboat on Lake Erie First Steamboat ou Lake Ontario.... Fisher. Thoni.is Fitz Gibbon. .James 1022. Frizzell. Sutton U Foiwyth, Frank Fort Detroit Fort Mackinac Fort Niagara in 1790 Fort Rouille 718, Fixmteuac, Count Fulton, A. T Fumiss, Mr Gamble, Clarke 700, Gamble, John Gamble, William 769, Gardiner, John Graham, Tliom is .593, Gra-hani, William Graham, Willi'im H., Death of Grand Opera House Burnt, 1879... Grand Trunk Elevator Burnt. 1864.. Grand Trunk Railway Fires 025, Grasett, II. J., Colonel Gi-asett, Rev. H. J Goddes, W. A German Mills Ghgs. C-jptain Gr>>at Eastern Stejimship Gre/it Fires in 184S 018. Great Fires iu 1849 020, Great Fire on Front wtreet, 1872... Great Fire on Richmond street, 1859 (J27 624 921 581 714 566 010 600 588 576 582 596 570 574 580 580 576 677 660 824 566 574 834 840 842 771 1081 1048 600 1069 751 741 733 816 717 591 994 994 994 717 590 1000 636 651 637 638 807 809 95.% 710 1071 912 619 621 640 631 it^HpppimipnvpH^tiii I II, I II (4ENERAL INDEX. xt Great Fire on St. George's square, 1860 Great Fire on Victoria street. 1859, 030, Great Fire ow Yonge street, 1868, 640. Gibson. David Gilbert's Lumber Yard Burnt, 1850 Gilderslecvo Family Gildersleeve. O. S., Gillmor, Colonel Givins. James 701, 746, Globe Fire. 1895 Good & Company Good & Company's Foundry Burnt Gooderham & Worts Fire 642, Gooderham. William Gore, Francis Sir 675, 690, Gordon, Johu Gordon, William Government Dock Yards, Kings- ton 857, 859, Government House Burnt, 1862, ... Gimbo!it« on Lakes, 1867 H Hagerman, I'. A Halton, Willinra Hamilton, Alexander .KiS, PLamilton Foundry burnt. 1870 Hfimi ton eteameis Hampton, Goiiernl Haulau, Edward 948, Harbottle, Thomas Harris, T. D 575, Harris, W. R Harrington, John Harrison, S. B Harper, Lieutenant Hartney, Patrick Harston. C. G Hay & Company's fire, 1882 Head, Edmund Walker, Sir Head, Francis Bond, Sir Heath, Charles Helliwell Brothers Helliwell, Willianu 1035, 10^8, Hennepin, Father Herchmer, Jacob Horcuics Hcok aiui T^adder ComiHuiy 506, Ueioiu Andrew Uetou. .Samuel Hess & Company's fire, 1889 Heward, Frank Hey.«, So'oiiioii Ui.iier, Major Hi'ilicr, Thomas Ilosg's Hollow Ho.;g's Hollow church Hogg, James Ho.land, G. B Holland, 8., Major Home District Grammar Schof>l Hook and Ladder Co., first officers... Horse boats 702. 703 I'ACK ('t32 031 041 710 630 1094 910 790 808 000 oin 049 043 812 1001 889 905 802 034 925 105(1 1098 012 049 932 1085 S)51 899 849 ,079 029 749 80O 1001 1106 052 1()89 1052 1048 617 1039 816 872 612 955 1001 650 583 1017 07« 1090 709 709 708 905 099 L00«> .'i'05 S84 PAfJK Horse raecs of 1888 *75H Horse races of 1839 753 Horse rotes of 1840 754 Horse races of 1857 765 Horse races of 1876 755 Horwood, G. C 815 Howland. F. A 769 Howland, Peleg 770 Howland, W. P 770 Hull, W„ General 1005, 1113. 1120 Humbertitoue, Thomas 709 Hundredth Regiment, formation of 774, 778 Hunter. Peter 096, 1061 Hunter, Robert 580 Hunter, Wi.liam 712. 713 1 Indians' grave 701 Irving, J. AE 698 Introduction Mteam fire engines 592 Iron Block Burnt. 1872..... 046 .1 .lackeon. Cliflou 706 Jackion. John Mills 706 Jacques & Hay 615 Jacques & Hay, Fires at 623, 625 Jail on Gcrrard Street Burnt, 1862 034 James, Robert 749, 752 Jarvis, E 614 Jarvis, Family 1023 JarvLs, Samuel P 1023 JarvLs Stephen 072, 1003 Jarvis, W. B 1089 .Jesuit Father* 695 Johnson, John 74»1 Joseph, Frank 1126 Jukes, W. A 940 K Keele, W. C 735, 755 Kent, Duke of 822 Kerr, Martin 600 Kerr, Thomas 593, 590 Ketchum, .Jesse 1034 Killed and Injured .Jacques & Hav's Fire .".... ($27 Kingsmill, Colonel 760 Kingston Regatta, 1841 877 Knox Thurch Burnt 618 L Lake Battles, 1759 Lake Ontario Steamers, 1809-1895, 982 Lake Shipping, 1799 ' Ijjike Shore Toll Gate Burnt, 1861." Lnnihton Mills La S^ille Rene, Jtobert 815] Lathom, Henry ] Lawrence's Tannery Leak's Soap Works Lee, Dr [' Leonard, H. B ][ Iy<'gislative Assembly, 1821 lA'gielative Council," 1821 I/'giierre, Ivw 819 989 830 633 767 981 813 708 814 1099 581 1097 1097 627 •^^^f^t Xil (JKNKRAL IXDKX. Lowia&Gi., Itico 018 Lindiiay, Charles (J7« Lippiucott, Uichard 710, 1068 Lount, HamuGl 1051 IiOrii« and Victoria Park SitenmorK... '.♦58 Ijoynl and Patriotic Society of I'.C. 087 M Macaulay. JamcH 1020, 109!) Macaulay, James S 1020 MacdouL'lI, Angus D 749 Mackenzie Itcbelliou and Firenu'ii 508 Macnab, Allan 808 Macnab, Alexander 097 Macnab. Rev. Dr 097 Macklem, Oliver T 890 MaRrath, .Tames 1043 Mail Building Burnt 054, 055 Mansion Hoiwe Hotel Ol.S Market Elevator Burnt 050 Markham, Earlv Settlers in 092 Marks, William 092 Marks, William ■'ih7 Mauleverer, Colonel 912 Mechanics' Institute V50, 700 Mechanics' Institute, Presidents ... 759 Mechanics' Institutes, Secrotarie.s ... 760 Mechanics' Institute, TreasurerK ... 700 Medical Board, First 1099 Meehan Terrence '>f^~, 029 Meunonists 097 Mercer, Sanuii'l lOOl Meyerhoffer, V. P 714 Militia Officers, 1798 080 Militia at Queenstou, 1840 874 Miller. George 1091 Millov, A 955 Moodie, Robert 909 MoodLe,, Susanna 867 Morrison, Joseph 673 Mortimer, George 714 Murphy, John 1019 Murrray, Captain 827 Mussoo, Tl'onas 1091 Musson, William 563 McLenn, Donald 087,1000 McLenu, Samuel 581 McLeod, Martin 691 McGiJl. .Tohn 1009 McK'n'ey Fire 659 McDonnell, Archibald, of Newiuar- ket 1019 McGlyn, Murder Trial, 1864 697 N Nnsih, James 648 Xaval Events on Lake Ontario in 1776-1783 821 Navy Hall, Niagara, Building o' 7.'^7 Neifrapapers, Early 1054, 1060 Ninifara in 1790 741 NlJjgara Steamers and Their Offi- ters 926-930 Night Guard in Rebellion Times 669 Nbrtiberu Elevator Burnt, 1870 644 PA OK Northern Pier 681 North-west Ex|M>ditioin 799 Notable Steamei-s 860 () Oak Ridges 69*8 O'Hara, Colonel, James 761 Ontario's First Schooners 818 Ottawa River Steamers 973 Otter, Co'onel 791, 799 O'Brien, E. G 594 OHLcera East York Militia, 1813 778 Officers East York Militia, 1837 782 Officers Fire Dppnrtment, 1846 679 Offlz-ers Hundredth Regiment 774, 1112 Offi<'inl Record I'irst Fire Brigade... 674 Osgoodby Fire of 1S95 663 P Paterson, David 573 Plntt, Oporft-e .(594 Pell. J. E 1089 Prentice, Miles 742 Prevost, George, Sir 083, 1064, 1080 Phi'lip.0, Rev. Dr 770 Phillpotts, Captain 676 Pilgrimage riot 793 Pilkiugtoii. Robert 789 Piper, Hiram 579 Pi ice, James 573 Primitive Methodist Church burnt, 1878 647 Prince, John 1052 Printing, Early 743 Privst. L. J 7C3 Port Dalhousie Steamers 980 Potf of Entry 881 Population of Upper Canada iji 1821 1100 Postal Arrangements in 1831 85G Post. JordMu 673 Potters' Field 702 Powell, Mary 685 Powell. W. B., Chief Justice 085, 1067 Pi-opellar Inkerman Lost 900 Proi)eller Magnet Lost 936 Provincial Great Seal 744 Provincial Insurance Company 686 Provisions. Prices of, in 1814 1005 Puiseaye, Comte de 603 Pursers, Royal Mail Line 907 O ■ (iuakere. the People Called 696,i Queen City Steamer Burnt Queen's Foresters and Rangers Queen's Own Ri'les. Fi-st Officers... Queen's Own Rifles, Fenian Raid 786, Queen's Rnngeis. 703, 787, 789, 744, Queen's Wharf Quinn. John Quiute. Bay of R Racquet Court Burnt, 1861 RathnaHy " Rescue" Fl'« Engine Red Rivtf Expedition. 708 623 672 788 788 761 680 892 1102 683 704 681 791 (IKNERAL IN'1»K.\. Xltl ItegimO'Utt* in QuoboiN 177U 742 Reid, George 8ii4 BichRrdsoo, Hugh 815, 853. 888. 9;'.8 Richelieu and Outario Steamers 974, 981 Ridgeway. Killed and Wouudcd 788 Ridout, J. 781 Ridout, Samuel 072, 678 Ridout. Thomas 672, 673, 1000, 1063 Ripley, W. H 813 Ritchey, Johu 1034 Robertson, Johu 1120 Robertson, James, & Company 659 Uobiuson, Christopher 1113 Robinson, John B 1021 Ilochester Firemen 623 Rochester Steamers 972 Rochefoucault, Duke vS24 Roe, William 687 Roger, Samuel 1126 Rossin House Burnt, 1862 636 Rouille, Fort 718, 732 .Rowan, Lieut.-Coloncl 762 Roy, Louis 743 Royal Canadian Rifles 761 Royal Grenadiers, First Officers 801 Royal Grenadiers, Firat Members... 802 Royal Grenadiers, Presentation of Colours 803 Royal Canadian Yacht Club 963, 971 Royal Lyceum Burnt, 1874 647 Royal Opera House Burnt, 1883 663 Royal Mail Line of Steamers.. .901, 907 Rules B. A. Fire Company 666 Russell Abbey Burnt, 1856 628 BuBsell, Peter 692, 1059 Ruttan, Henry 1087 S Saint Andrew's Market Burnt, 1860. 632 Saint James' Cathedral Burnt, 1839 614i Saint James' Cathedral Burnt, 1849 620 Saint Stephen's Church Burnt, 1866 639 Sanson, Rev. Alexander 709, 813 Sca.dding, Rev. F 692 Scarlett, John 767, 1001 Shaw, Aeneas 746, 1059. 1073 Shaw, Alexander 746 Shaw, ieorge 746 Shaw, t ieorge A.~ 747, 807 Small, 0. C 814 Small, John 1069 Snarr, John 814 Spanish Caravels 956 dpark, Colonel 764 Stanton, Robert 1034 Strachan, James 708 Strachan, Dr. Johu 612, 1007 St. Georgo, H. Q 694, 1007 Secord, Laura 1022,1081 Selkirk, Lord 1018 Settlers In Markham 692 Settlers in Yaughan 692 Shea, John 1128 Sheaffe. Sir Boger^ 1075, 1077 Sheppard. Joseph 1001 Sherwood, Samuei 678 PAOE Sluum Firo 'EngiiicH Firnt Introduced 692 Steamer Admiral Burnt 894 Steamer Caro'.itr Destroyed 868 Steamer Cataraqui Burnt 878 Steamer Cherokee 880 Steamer Commerce Wrecked 882 Steamer Commodore Barrie, Wreck- ed 877 Steamer Frontenac Burnt 854 Steamer George Washington Burnt... S72 Steamer Lady Elgin Wrecked 910 Steamers on Lakes, 1809-1895... 982, 989 Steamers on Lake Simcoe...699, 872, 886, 911, 944 Steamer Morrison. J. C Burnt 900 Steamers on Ontario in 1836 868 Steamer Ocean Wave Burnt 894 Steamer Passport, Accident on 882 Steamer Peerless Disappears 911 Steamer Queen City Burnt 897 Steamer Queen of West Burnt 894 Steamer on Rice Lake 870 Steamer Zimmerman Burnt 916 Steward's Royal Mail Line 907 Ships on Lakes, 1706 820 Silverthome, Thomoj 1034 Simcoe, John Graves 826 Simpson Fire, 1895 667, 668 Sinclair, Captain 956 Smith, A. M 717 Smith, Ooldwin 1110 Smith, James 587, 688, 612 Smith, Larratt 716 Scobie, Hugh 616, 686 Scott, J. H 944 Somerset. William 618 StoUery, Colonel 807 Storms and Shipwrecks 907 Storm, Thomas 570, 612 Sullivan, R. B 677 Summer Hill 704 Sutherland, James 864 'I' Talbot, Thomas 1097 Tandem Club Meetings... 1040, 1048,1091 Taylor, J. F 745 Traill. C. P 1095 Temple, Captain 613 Teraulay Cottage 619 Teraulay Street Fire, 1877 649 Terry, Parshall 994 Thomson, Archibald 1000 Thomson, E. W 734, 1087 Thomson, John 764 Thompson, Charles 894 Thorne, H 1009 Toronto Ferry Steamers 959, 960 Toronto Fire Brigade By-Laws, 1887 - 602, 612 Toronto Lighthouse 680 Toronto Night Guard 760 Toronto Regatta 940, 941 Town of York, 1808 and 1809...994, 996 Town of York, Population 1793 and 1884 993, 998 XIV GENERAL INDEX. I'AUK TowMlcy, J. & W 704 U Univewrity Fire of 1890 057 V Vaughnn, Enrly Settlora iu 692 Vankoiighuct, P. N 1089 Vessels on the Lukes, 1078-1895...982, 989 Victoria Fire Fiigine 582 W War of 1812...709, 837. S3S, 83!) 840 842 War Vessels ou Ljikes, 1817 845 Wallia, Brown 717 WatkiuB and Harris 571 Wataon, John 027 Welte, Joseph, Colonel 1098 Wetenhall, John 1087 Wreck of the Siwedy 832 Wreck of the York 829 Whitehead, John 593, 590 Whitney, F. A 760 Whitney, G. T 1090 Whitney, J. W. 762 Widmer, ChriBtophoi- 814, 1099 WilBon, David 686, 689 Wilson, Stillwell 706, 1001 Wright, Edward 594 Wolseley, Garnet 789 Wonderful Vessel 860 Wood, Alexander 1007 Woodsworth, Riohard 571 Worts and Gooderham 812 Worts, James 818 Worts, James 6... 813 \ Yeo, James Sir 1088 Yonge, George Sir 70O Yonge Street, 1882 7OI York County Officials 990, 996 Yorkville Annexed with Toronto 601 PREFACE This, the second volume of the " La&'^markB of Toronto," containa in popular and lable form, a continuation of the history of the capital of old Upper Canada from le days " When wild in woods the noble savage ran," down to the present golden hour invention, when science with electric power whirls the citizen of to-day along streets tversed less than a century ago by the primitive ox-motor and cart. The first volume of " The Landmarks," found the favour of nearly a thousand Utrons, who either by ancestry or association, had an interest, if not in Little York, at gt in the greater Toronto. Indeed a moderate sized volume would not contain the Written words of good-will expressed by readers for a compilation that to-day would ftve been almost impossible by reason of the passing away of pioneers. The pages in this volume are composed of a republication of articles by writers on lie staff of The Toronto Evening Telegram. These articles during the past few years kave appeared in the columns of that journal. Each article is complete in itself and the engravings in the volume are either from photographs or pen-drawings of the place or location represented, or from original irawings in my possession or in the custody of public institutions, or of private ndividuals, who have kindly placed them at my disposal. Every effort has been made to secure absolute accuracy in the letter press, and the bntire publication has had my personal revision. As a native bom Torontonian, with ^ver half a century's residence in the city, and a familiarity with every map, plan, picture or drawing, of or belonging to York from the days of Mrs. Simooe — who made ihe first picture — in 1792 and Toronto from 1834, the assurance is given that the drawings Ke faithful reproductions of the originals. Of the first volume one thousand copies were printed, and of these less than one bundred remain unsold, so that with the advent of the second volume and the orders received for the two volumes the first number will shortly be out of print. The edition of the second volume is limited to one thousand copies and it will not be reprinted. The price is the same as that of the first volume — two dollars a copy. The third volume w^ill be issued in September of 1896, and will contain about two hundred engravings, with a large amount of new matter concerning early York and also , complete history of each church in the city from 1792-1896. The value or ^his publication is enhanced by tlie fact that it is now the acknowledged Dk of reference in connection with the history of York and Toronto, in the courts of siw and in arbitrations concerning property in Toronto. In a recent case of arbitration, jin which a large sum of money was involved, the original drawing, a copy of which had fappeared in The Evening Tdegram and is now in this volume, was an important piece of levidence, so much so that the arbitrator admitted that its production was a moat material [aid in arriving at a decision. Copies of this volume may Iw obtained by remitting two dollars to the office of The \Kvening Telegram, or by personal application. The volume is offered to the public in the belief that from cover to cover it contains [information which must interest not only the pioneers, who are still to the fore, with their [descendants, but the residents of later years who have made the capital city of this [province their home and abiding place for all time to come. J. ROSS ROBERTSON. ^ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Isketches of Old Houses and Places of Interest From 17 92-! 395. CHAPTER CXCVI. THE FIRE BRIGADE OF OLD. Story ol' tlH' Toroiilo I'lrr I'ompHiiirii rreiii lliclr i:«'Kiiiiiluc t» lhi> T4'nc IH95. In this adviiiK'tMl age ol' iiu't'luuiical and iBcit'iitilic progvosfl, wlioii firi's are fought ■•with ,«te'ani liri' (MigiiicH diwhargiug from |40<) to 1,750 iinitn-ial galloii:^ of watiT iiiiiiuto, acM'ial laddi>rH. water towerM laiiil other mnjHidiary appliaacfH sf)ecially I'Kigui'd to auKiiu'iit thi' vnoiis of fire- BK'ii, thi- piiinitivc di'vioe« of K'« than liaK a coiilury ago an> oiUii'i' uiikuowu |to the present gi-uoratiori or are almost Jor^ottt'u by tlie eai'l^' settlers in To- mUi wlio are still alive. In fire-fighting iftchiuery, certainly " nothing i« like it sell to be." From the luK'ket brigade, rawing it« supply from ordinary wellw, lo the hand fire engine wjus a great im- j)rovemeut. that was later ou completely overshadowed by the introduction of team fii'e engines, pumping from tanks illed from hydrants or water carta. The stablisluneut of the prewnt water-workw ysteiu iu Toronto, iu 1S72, furnished fur time a satisfactory fire pressure, and be steam engines were relegated to re- tirement. The ei;i of t:sll buildings demonstrated iusnfiiciouey ol the fire pressure to Bax;h above the third storey, however, id the three disastrous conflagrations the eaiCy part of 181>5 forced a re- to the use of steam ougiuea as a ;>asurc of BcK-protcction from the rav- ges of the devouring element. When hand fire eugiuiM camo into use lie bucket brigade pi\.ssed out of exist- ace, water being conveyed to the en- |[inea in large barrels, fillini at tt»e bay ad carried ou waggona to the scene of tic tire, a premium being paid to tbn; U'ter first arriviug with k supply of rater. The rivalry amongst the city cart- |rH waa always keea, and H»ai\y aa e*- iting race wiis witnessed as the men rove their horses at a t'urioos puce id win the i)rize. Oftentimes the barrel %Vk the first cart wcmld be le>s than half filleil, til" ji'ltin^; ovei' tiie fciiuli roaiLi having causeil a wholesale s|iilliiin'. ThiB UKwle of sujiply was in force m l!S34, when Torontd waH incorijoiated. (•lie hundi'ed anil fifty \eais before Christ, lleio, in Alexanilria, de-ciibed a maeliine i>'i iie'd li.\- him " ihe .SiphouB used in C(>nilai;r:.tions," which with some additions, sueii as liose and some iuii)rove- ments in the details of coustrneti e.^i, is in;iet ie'iiiy the same ns the haml fire en- gines first introduced inti> Toronto. So early as the middle i>f the seventeenth eejituiy there were hand euKiae.s iu the eit.v of Xurembert!; worked by twenty- eight men, whieh threw a stream of M'ater an inch in diameter ti> a height of eighty feet. Necessarily, in a small viN lage the c'onditinns are sueh that all methods of oxlinKuishing fires must b« crude and iueffieient. In 11S20, and for some years snbsenuent- ly, the law waa that everj- householder should keep two leather buckets liangiug in a conspicuous place in front of his lionse. On an alarm, whieh wjim sounded by shouting and ringing the bell of St. Jaini's' Church, then the only bell in the city, a doable row of citizens wa.s form- ed from the burning building to tlie Bay, or to the nearest ei«teru, and along one line were piiased tlie buckets full of water, and down the other the empty buckets. In 182(j, eight years before York be- came Toronto, the first fire departnn.'ut of the town was organized. The first fire engiiie company waa in- stituted in the year 182<). and wa*; com- peeed of some of the m'>st respectable merchants and tradesmen of the town. Mr. Cnrfrae, jr., by whom the company vfcJR fiirt formed, wa^ elected first cap- tain, and was re-elected every yeai dur- ing the six 3'ears he remained in the company. Ho was succeeded by William Mnsson. The engine house, or fireman's hall, of this company, and the first iu Toronto, ^m nM LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. B I- IS X I s •/I E- o y a s as B y o o B K X EH LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. SAft K 2 ■/. H J* if A s 2 S I s 1-1 73 M t >!; <; o AS U •< s 75 o w a s S3 B nd «iii the went »ldo of Church itrcet, h.> next bnilding south of tho old Scotch lirk. aiitl botwtH-ii Court ftud AdclRUlc tni'tM. It was a two Mtoro.v brick build- mi nnounte I in the rear part by « mall tower, eiucw reuiovfd. The build- ^j; wu« in ll^J** divided into thii'u wni occupied by Phoenix No. 1 ugi ic. tho centre by cugiuc No. 2, uuil \ \\» offlcern of 188:i were :— WiHiaai MuKBon, cn|)tnin ; David Pateraoa, first lieutennnt : John ArmntrooKf Mcoud liea* teniiiit : 'I'honuin Pliitt, treasurer ; Alex* auder Ilaniiltou. iwcretary. Every (iieman duriuK bis coutinuaoM ill nctunl duty was exempted from mili« till duty in Ihi' time of |N>aee, from Herviitg •>•; ;lii 1 l,idd"i- I'umpany consisted of ^ixty nu'uihi'rs, officered by Willifim Kot'liiiia. ij-e.siilciit; .M. P. Enipey, first lieulriiant; \Villi:iiii lUr-.'i, scfond lietiteu- wnt; William i;riglit, troiusurer; George L. .No'ion, sec re la ry. Following llii'ir pioneer en^'ines cnnip No. 3, ;i machine jriven by llie I'.ritish Anioricn l>ife and I' r' A-snr-nr I'lin- pany. She Avas Iviiowu as the " British Anieii'i,' .lul wjw a Moniieal " i > >■ aal uil " tub. No. 3 was liou~oJ i:i the hall at the .s h- i fo:- the lio^o carriage, and next south \. ;:;< a one sldri''.' iiiildimi', whi'ri' i 'U' cnji'ine stood. This building was originally two <'omparii.K'jit.s, th" south one bi inu; (vcupie ! Ijy .\'./ ;> ("iiKii^e, and the iKirili by Ilei:' and Kobert Stewart. The c-imniit- . tc-e re|)<)rted, when tiie followiiig by-la \V8 were adopted for the future gcveriiment 1 of the Company : I " That kn- the diisciiiliue and rej^ulaiion ! of the company, a captain, a fiist and second lieuteuaut, a trea.surtM- and sec- retary he apiioiuted by ballot, to be in office one ,vear. " That the comjiaiiy meet on the fir.st Monday of every month, at the hour of G.:i() p'm. '■ That a majorit.y of the members fvirni- ing tlie c<)mpany, including the captain or lieutenant, be a (juorum. and com- jietent to p:o:'eed to business. ■■ That the loll be called at half-past six" o'clo(dc. when those al)senl nhal! be lined one shilling and three pence, r. iid. if ab- sent lor the night, two shilling.s and six- lience. '•That the lines shall be paid on ilie first day of meeting after being imposed, and tliat no exemptions be admitted unless lor actual sickness, sickness in the fam- ily reiiniiiiig the attendance oi the mem- bers, or they being absent five miles from the city on business of necessit.v. '■ That if the fines are not paid to the treasurer on or belVire the second day ' of meeting after they are levied, the name I of such person tir pereiinis offending be ' rejKirted to the c< miiany, and if not imid i by the regular meeting night following i they shall be exix'lle 1. I " That ; 11 moneys by fines or otherwise ' go to a general fund, and be ap;:!i(Ml from tiin' to time to such puipo-es as a niajo;ity of the company shall direct. " Tluxl it shall lie llie dut \ ot every iiiein- ber, in ca.se of tire, to repair forthwith to the engine Uouse to assist in conveying the engine to the place of fire, to work it, and to reniiin there until the fire shall Ix' extinguished, o;' until discharged by the offici'r in command. " That it is necessary for the good order of the Company that a fine of one shill- ing be imiwtseil for disobedience of orders at private meetings, and two shilling.s and six|R'nee while ou duty with the en- gine: al-() that any meinlior who shall be guilty Ol smoking, u-iiig profane l.m- guagi; o:- tiVi-4'iring at any meeting of the l.ANDMAUKS OF TORONTO. oO? ir, !in(l Alox- (•(•ivtary, tho loptiMi, viz., Iianl \V(iO(ln- )rtrt' IIiirbrt)ii a I'oiiiuiiUoo [jorniiauy aud ?iuiirf ;it 7 nii't iiccord- tlif folldwing ■e athiiiUi'il : •holls, i!ir;iiu Th'' <"iniiiit- wiiiK liy-l:i\vrt p gdvcriuui'ut nd rf(,tilati<)ii , a fiiSl: and .ircr anil si'C- Uol, lo be in on till' i'lvat the linuf of nenihiM's forni- 5 the eaptain ini. aii'.l t(.ini- less. t h;i!f-i''''' fiiiail profane lan- K'oting of the conipiinj' si. all be.snlijoot to a line of one ,->liil- ling lor the lirst otrence,two shillini^'s for the sceiiiid yllenue, and expelled for the third. '• Til, it every nieinber of the conii)!iny wear liis lire hat where priictiee or any duty with the eniiine id reijuireil, on default of whit li the tine of one .shilling and three- I)enee shall he levieil on such person or per- sons will) shall wilfully negleia this rule, unless the jiei'sou can prove otherwise to the sati'taetion of the company. "Thai it is expedient, should a vacancy occur, that the coinp.my do till it up as soon as practioalile by the tirst suitable volunteer. '•That all applications for niendiership to this eonipany be in writing, or tlirougli the ineinliers of this company, and tliat tliey do lie over for one month after being proposed before they can be granted." After the adoption of the foregoing rules or bylaws, the company balloteil for ollieers for the ensuing year, the ieiiipurary appointment of ca))lain and sei;ri'lary I'cing conlirnied. The ollieers chosen were : Fir.st lieutenant, Rieliard Woodsworth, carriiu 11 to 7 ; second lieutenant, A. Rcnnie, ciU'i'ied 12 to 2 ; treasurer, Joseph Dixon, carried 8 to 7 ; tirst branehinan, Robert Stewart ; second branchman, John Adanison. 'i'he meeting adjourned until the tirst .Monday in dune, at half-past six o'clock. A list of the company was sent to the Clerk of the Council. On Monday, the 5th June, '■■>,S7, the com- pany met at half-past six, and was informed that satisfactory arrangement.! were entered into with tlie officers of the other fire com- pany respecting the supplies of water ; that the city authorities had passed a resolution placing this company on the same footing as the other tire companies of this city, and that the certificates were getting ready. The company appointed the oliieers a com- mittee to obtain information where coats for those at present uusuppliedcoidd be obt lined. On July 3, 1837, the company met .t the usual hour. The following volunteered at the first monthly committee to take care of the engine, hose, etc.: — I'atersou, Hamilton and .Mills. Mr. J. Dickson, seconded by Mr. Mills, moved <^hat Richard Tinning be admitted a member of the compiiny, and rule 12 being suspended, lie was elected fcccordingly. Messrs. Rvterson, Dickson Mid Harbron were apptiinted a committee to procure caps for the company. Mr. Joseph Wilson, sccoiuled by A. Rcjinie, moved that Hugh McNeil be admitted a member of the company. On August 7th, 1837,_the company met at the usual hour, when it called npon some absentees of former nights for fines due. Some conversation ensued when fining or excusing members, wlio upon the day of meeting siiould be calhul away from the city u])!)!! business, after which the follow- ing clause was ordered to be added lo the .Uh section of the by-laws, luvmely, "or that iieing five miles distant from the city on neiessitous business." It was moved l)y Edward Robson, seconded by John Bell, that the committee appointed on tiie night in Jidy lo procure caps do so forthwith. On Monday, 4th Sej)tember, 18;}7, the company met at the usual ])laee at half past six. The inacliiiie was taken out to the door of the engine house, where water being |)rocuied it was worked handsonvly by the company for a few niiuiites, tiie engine perforniing to the satisfaction of the members, throwing water to the distance of 140 feet hori/untally. After working the maciiine ami running the water suliiciently through the hose they were taken in, a number of fines collected, and the cap com- mittee directed to forward the completion of them with all speed. New members pro- ])osed were : — Henry Cowan, by D. Patenson and R. Stewart ; Richard Owtn, by Thomas Mills ; 'J'honias Saunders, by Joseph Wilson and Edward Robson. D. I'aterson, J. Miller and H. Piper were the monthly committee for the care of the engine. On Monday, October 3rd, lS;i7, the com- pany met according to adjournment, at six o'eiock — seventeen members present. The machine being now quite finished, and all the company in good spirits, they got a puncheon of water at the door of the engine house, and ran it through the hose ; found all well. On a motion of George Harbron, seconded by Alexander Rennie, that rule 12 be susjiended, the members proposed on the evening in December were elected by a show of hands, together with John Bngg, pro- ])osu(l ))y Robert Stewait, seconded by Mr. Woodsworth. Thomas Smith, proposed by John Rell seconded by A. Rennie. On :\londay, fith November, 1S37, the n-gular meeting of the company took jilnce at the engine liouw at luilf-paBt six o'clock. Some convei'sation took place re- B|iectii\g the jii'opriety of having a per- son apiiointed to tnke eiiarge of the engine and keep her in gonquiry m.-iy be made whellier some (suitable per- son can be procured for that purpose, Messrs. Miller nnd Millu ngiee to call oa the ciiptain and assist him in greasing the \\iieel8 of the machiic. ProjKJBed by U. \\sed by John Dixon, seconded by Jamea Ferguson; John Campbell, proposed by Thomas Mills, Beconded by Robert Barnes. On December 5th, 1837, about one a.m., the city was alarmed by the ringing of the fire bell; but on enquiry the alarm ■was found to proceed not from any fire, but Irom a report that a number of persoius, said to be associated with Mac- kenzie (noted character for disaffection and op|)OHition to Government), were in the vicinity and approaching tlie city, for the purpose of burning and pillaging it and overturning tlie Government. Some of the company believing and some dis- believing the report, some immediately repaired to the City Hall and took up arms, and some repaired to their respec- tive homi^. On the return of day, the report being fully confirmed, a number of the members volunteered into various militia for active duty, but the day paused without anything deci.sive being done, the rebels threatening to attack the city, and the citizens, who were loyal, preparing for their receiving a warm welcome. This day Dr. Holmes' house was burnt by the rebels, and one of their men shot by a reconnoitering party under W. B. Jarvis. The entry of Wednesday, December 6, 1837, says : " This day Dr. MorrlKon was arrested, and the volunteers from the Gor,' and Niaj^ara disti'iels hetr.-m to ai rive." Thursday, December 7, 1S37. This, morn- ing the secretary addres.sed circulars to every member di the corap.iiy to meet at the engine house at ten Dclock a.m. All not on active duty repaired to the Bpot, when it wa« moved by Alexamler and resolved that the time is corae wlien Hamilton, seconded by Joseph Wilson, we feel it to be our duty to take arma as an independent volunteer company, to resist the attem[)t of traitors and rebels to invade our rights and di.^^turb our peax-e, and that a deputation do immedi- ately wait upon his Honour the Mayor to offer our services in any way he may think proper, and receive his orders. It was moved by Richard Woodsworth. Beconded by Joseph Wilson, and re.solve(l that the captain, secretary and treasurer be the deputation to wait upon th« Mayor. Accordingly the Mayor was wait, ed on i'n.stantly, when he informed th« deputation that he felt gratified anc obliged by the voluntary offer of servic* i by the British American Fire Company ■ He requested, as the safety and defence of the city was by his Excellency th« Governor committed to him, that tb« British American Fire Company would ncrt; leave the city, but repair forth- with with their arms and en- 1 gine, cistern, etc., to the market squari and there await his further orders. Ttie | deputation returned to the engine house, delivered the orders of the Mayor to th« company which were immediately com- plied with, and with the greatest ala- crity by the company, with the exception of iiobert Stewart and John Bugg, to i f^upply whose place and fill up deficien- cies were proposed (and rule 12 beinp; ] suspended) elected John Phillips, proposed by Mr. Woodsworth seconded by John Adamson. George Simpson, proposed by ] Mr. Hamilton, seconded by Mr. Woods- worth. William Walker, proposed by Mr. Hamilton, seconded by Mr. Woodsworth, j John Rogers, proposed by Mr. Ilarbron, j .•seconded by Mr. Adamson. Richard Hast- ing.-!. proposed by Mr. Peterson, seconded | by Mr. Woodsworth. Alex.ander Simpson. prop(««ed by Mr. Woodsworth, seconded bj- 1 Mr. Hamilton. John Collins, proposed bv .Mr. llamillon, seconded by Mr. Paterson. James Bell, proposed by Mr. Wilson, Kcconded by Mr. Paterson. Mr. Alex- 1 ander Simpson being rather old request- ed leave to resign and substitute in hii | place his son Robert Simpson. His re- quest was acceded to most cheerfully by I the company. The company continued some time on the stiuare exercising when the repoi't was brout^ht that the rebels j to the nuuiber of 700 or 800 wore enter- ing the city by the Don bridge, and our j company ordered to be in readiness to j {•ive ihem a warm reception. Immediate- ly' after the .Mayor ordered the company i out with the machine, as the rebels hdd j commenced firing the city in the neigh- bourhood of tlie Don bridge. With greiit i spirit t'.e members of the company st;irt- ed for the scene of action, most of them with muskets in their hands and the drag rope in the oilier, i but ere their arrival at the building on i fire the enemy had disappeared, not even| waiting to Hee its, much less to fight, the i ' heavy rumbling of the engine and cis- ; tern having frightened them into the be- lief that the cannon was on the track. On our arrival at the bridge our gallant captain ordered the engine into opcrn- tion, but upon reconnoitering it wi\» found the buildiugs were beyond salva- tion, with the exception of the toll lioii.>-o, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 669 The briilRO we saved by pulling up Bome of the plauks and pouring water from buckets upon the buruiug timbers. After the fire was extinguished the company again made it« way to the station into thi' Market Square about 9 in the eveu- iiijr- The committee of the news roi^m granted to us thi> use of it for a guard room for the night, where we took up our station, the engine being in the vesti- bule of the market under sentry of our uwn. An alarm was given in the evening, which waa attended to by the company in their usual spirited style, but tound to be only a chimney. At midnight the Mayor came in and informed us that he had j'lst received intelligenci> that about sixty-one of the rebels were but a short distance below the Don bridge and that he wanted volunteers to go with him and attack and secure them. Immediately Thomas Storm, John Rogers, William Duncan, Johu Phillips, John Collins and Alexander Hamilton volunteered to fol- low wherever he would lead. To those he added fourteen more with himself and the high bailiff on horseback, and with these he proceeded down the Kingston Uoad, to the lower toll gate, or the fourth mile tree, when seeing or hearing nobody the Mayor ordered us to return, thanking us most handsomelj- for the firmness and resolution in following him so far from the city at iniduight. About three o'clock we arrived at thi' guard room again and were welcomed by our comrades. After daylight, the rebels being ilisijersed and routed in all directions, the company took the machine again to the engine house, but us a preeautionary mea- Bure, well aware that many incendiary traitors were still in the city, though as yet unknown, it was unanimously resolved that the members of this lire companj- consider it expedient, under existing cir- cinnstancos, to hold themselves in active duty as volunteers or lircincii nislit or day. On the 8th it wa.«! moved by Joseph Dixou, seconded by Mr. Millor, and re- solved that Robert Stewart and .loliu Bugg be expelled from the company for refusing to take arms as military volun- teers in tinira of imminent danger. Dur- ing this, tiH well ibs the following night, the company kept up a guard of from twelve to twenty men, a party of which were constantly patrolling the sti'eets to prevent fires and arrest suspicious per- Kous. On Saturday, itth December. 1837, the company was still on tlu' alert, and the patrol still kept up, ;us also on Sun- day, the 10th. On Monday, .January 1. 1S3S, the regu- lar monthly meeting to;)k place at the pugiue house. It was enipiired into the cause of H:mry Cowan's being confined iu jail, and found to be on a charge of high treason; but upon his producing & certificate from R. S. Jamieson, Vice* I Chancellor of the province, aud one of th« j commissioners apix)inted to enquire into the chr.rges of treaaon of hia discharge, I he was allowed to remain a member «il the company. The company still con- tinued to act as night watch and patrol I iu conjunction with a number of respect- I able citizeius under Clark Gamble, Esq^ the company taking the duty of two nights out of five. At a special meeting on January 5th, Mr. D. Patersou stated that a number of 1 those whose duty it was to be on duty the preceding evening were delinquent. It : was moved l)y Thomas Mills, seconded by Thomas Storm, and resolved that any member of the company being absent on any night for which by the general con- sent of the company it ia hia duty to be on patrol exeejit in ease of personal sick- ness, or sickueas in the family requiring ; his attendance, or pr;x'uring a substi- I tute bi'lousing to the company, shall be ; fined five shillin;4-8. The foregoing resolu- I tion effecting wiiat was desired, a punc- tual attendance of the members, the com- pany continued to discharge the duties as citj- watch and patrol as before, until the formation of a new company of one hundred and twenty men under the com- mand of the Mayor of the city guard, and Alexandor Murray. Esq., ifbout the end of the month. On February 1st there was no alarm of fire. At the regular meeting of the com- ; pauy at the <'ngine iiouse the following Monday, it was moved by Mr. Joseph Wil- : son, seconded by Mr. John Adamson, that : the company con.sider that the alarm on the Ist February was insufficient, and j that thi> fine be dispensed with. This wag ' lost aud it was moved and seconded by I the same persons that Mr. S. E. Taylor. [ David Paterson. R. Woodsworth and A. ; Hamilton be a committee to revise the rules and regulatitvns of this coin[):iny and : report next monthly meeting. ! On Sunday, 25 di February, ab-'Ut one ■ of the clock, Avhile divine scrvic" was being performed an alarm took place. On repairing to the spot, fire wa.s f.und to . be in the hall >f tlie Parlianieut build- ings, and had it not been timely ob- served, would have done iinau'iise injury. ' It was got out witlinut much damage, I but remains nnotlu'r instimre of the necea- I sity of the care i,i wtting and maiuige- I ment of stoves. On the Snnday, at half- ; paet eleven p.m., there wa.s another alarm ] from !\ small house in the rear of Mr. ; John ISell's, on Richmond stre-.'t. Tl'.'> water being very difficult to get, tbe building was burned to the ground. For- tunately there vfos no wind, and tiie in- jury was stayed with the destruction of ' 57u LANDMARKS OF TORONTO till' one. It i« fiiiiirkod that only throe jmnrl'.foiifl nrrivcil nltngcth'T. foltowiiifj; (lay, at 3 |).in, tli'Tc other fire ; tli" malt kiln of I/Vnrli, in Diu'lu'w* str(M>t, took On the was (Ui- Scott iV fire and dis." th. il)"r« I'K'cted .i/,viu n, in uii; Mi'H.s sircti,, (."uiv i»i> ...." ■\vafi liofitroyed, lint by the timely aid of th» onffine and a irood Rnpply of water the connectine; liuildiiiyr ^'an ^aved. Ou Monday, 5lh March, ls3s, the com- pany met and ((tlleet-d 01«. and 3d. in fines. Mention was made to tlie eompany of tiie cirenmNtances of the old company'H iohition, and tlie now orvcani/.ation of fire department, whicli iiad their cor- dial ;ij.proh;ition. New niemh' in were : 'I'lioman J. Preston, inTijiosed by S. K. Tnylor, rieconded by II. Stewart; William llamilton, profiosed by A. Ham- ilton, seconded bv S. K. Taylor: Joseph Hodf^son, propiv>i-d by Mr. Paterson, seconded by Robert Sim|)son : William Itonaltlson, ' propivsed )iy Mr. llarbron, Becond'd by Mr. Woodsworth. It was moved by Snmnel K. Taylor, aeconded by Mr. Woi-idpwoith. iind resolved, that tli' eighth section of rnle.s of the company be anieniled by addinp that uo fine ehall be exacte'l from nu'mbers who (shall not hear any alarm of fire occnrring b'twee!i tlie honrs of o'clock in the morning and 10 o'clock in the evening. It wa.s .^iiii- gi'Pted that thore was necessity of tne members of the company b'ing acqnaint'd with the mannal and jilatoon military exercise, and it \va,s enqnired who were willing to attend two evenings in tlie wook to be drilled, when the following ga.vo in their names : David Pnters(.n, Alexander Hamilton, Richard Wood.s- worth, George Jlai'broii, (iertrge Simpson, Joliii .\dainson, Thomas Saunders, .Joseph Willson. .John Phillips, Thomas Smith, S;imnel E. Taylor, Tiiomas Storm, Henry ytewjirt, .Tolm Campbell, .loliu lingers, llichanl Ila.slings. The meeting adicnrned until tiie next Monday, tiie 12tli instant, On Monday .at half-past six o'clock the company met at the engine house. The ca])t;iin then re.-id the communication from the clerk of the Common Council, in- forming tlie ci'inpany, ihri'Ugli him, of their re-a]tpoiiitiiient under the .-unended fire l;nv ;is one of the city fire engine companies, and that in conse(inen('e this iiiKht the company is called n])iMi to elect new officers for tiii^ ensning year, Mr. Paterson in llie chair and Mr. Wil- eou ««fcr'tary. Wliereuiion it was moved by ]\Ir. IMlton. >"Coiided by Mi'. Storm, that rule the 12th be mispeuded for the OToning and the officers lie elected by a show o: hiinds. This was carried. It was iuov.mJ by Alexander Haniiito:i, .seconded by ,losej)h Dixon, that D;.vid Paterson be captain of this company from this night until the first Monday in .^Iay one tlidii- eand and one hinidred and thirlj'-uine. This was carried unanimously. It was moved by George Bilton, seconded by .Mexandi'r H.aniilton, that .Tosopii Wilson be first lieutenant from tiiis night until the first .Momlay in 1S39. This \\;is car- ried. It wat» moved by Thom.-is Storm, scconih'd by Joseph Di.xon, that Alex- ander Kennie be second lieuteuant of tho company until the fir.st Monday iu lS3!i. Tills was carried. It was moved by Tlioinas Storm, seconded by Thmnaa ,t. Preston, tliat Jo.'^eiih Dixon be treasurer of tiie company until the first Monday in 1S30. CarriiHl. Moved by Thomas Storm, seconded liy George P.iltoii, that Alexander Hamilton be secretary of the company until the first Monday iu May, l!<:\\>. Carried. Moved by .Mr. Hiimiiton, seconded by Mr. Dixon, that Ed. Uobsoii and John Adamsoii be braHchmeu. Car- I'ied. Moved by Mr. Ilaiiiilton, seconded by Mr. Saunders, that Willi.-im Duncan, James Bell .and William Hamilton be sec- tion Iiof-emen. Carried. Moved by Mr. IL'imilcoii, seconded by .fosepli Dixon, that a committee be appointed to examine the treastirer's account .and report at the mcxt monthly meeting, and that Messrs. Jiiseph Willson, Thom.is J. Preston, Henry .Stewart, (ieorge llarbron. Thomas Storm do comjiose said oomitiitti'e. Car- ried. Moved by Thomas Storm, secondeil by Ed. Kobson, that the capt.ain. lieu- tenants, secretary ami treasurer do form a commiltei' to examine and report on the by-laws of the compjiny on the n(>xl nioiithly meeting night. Carried. T'he nt- nidst harmony prevjiiled ;it the meeting. On Monday", Tth .May, 1S3S. tho com- pany met, and after having ordered two carters to bring up water from the bay, ran through the hoso, found thoni in good Older, took off the horse and ran tiie machine up to the corner of Kin,!; street up to tlu' Club House, and trying her there found her able to throw water over it. .\fter exercising some time theri. and being satisfied with her operations, they took the machine in, collected sinl adjourned until the finst Mou- (!ay iu June. On Monday. .Tune 4th, 18.38, the com- ]i;iny met at half past six o'clock ; called the roll, took out the machine to Kiiiu street, where having .some hogsheads of water ready, the force was tried over the Commen.'ial Bank. This building was afterwards the (ilobo office, -and the site is now (18!l.")) partly occupied by the Bank of Commerce. It w.as found that tlu; machine worked well, throwing fully 'Jt feet ovei' the tops of the chimiiey.s of that liigli building. After trying her satisfac- torily, they returned to the engine iiouse, eolli'ctfd 'JO shillings of tines, after which the following resolution was niove treasiiriT tlie first Monday C'd by Thomas ")rtre IJiltoii, tliat .see rotary of the Monday in May, ly Mr. Hamilton, that Ed. Uobsnn braHehmen. Car- imilton, .seconded William Duncan, Hamilton be nee- Moved by Mr. (tsepli Dixon, thjit ■d to examine tlie 1 report at the and that Me.sfir.s. las J. Preston, llarbron, Tlioni.as oommitti'e. Car- Storm, necondeil he c.'ipt.ain. lieu- Ire asu re r do form 10 aud report on );iiiy on the next Carried. The iit- jil the inoeling. 1N38. tlio com- haviiiK ordered Avater from the io, found tliom in borse and ran corner of Kiii',; iiiso, and tryin;r to throw water some time tisen. her oiierations, 1, colleeted .some II the fir,sl Mou- ]S;iS, tlie com- o'clock ; called liacliiiie to KIhl' le hogshcad.s of tried over thr building wiu le, and the .sitr I'd by the Bank loiuui that tht fowing fully "ii! liiiincya of that lig her .satisfac- engine hou.so, fs, after which movefJ by Alex- nndor Hamilton, fiocoiiiled by .Joseph Dixon, and unanimously !idoiited :— That ill consequence of t!io ro((uisition uow I li.'ing made for city guards lu be in roadi- lu'ss, to iict in cas!! of any sudden omer- ri'nc'y. this company felt it a duty in- eiiinliont on them to offer their services to ill" Adjutaut-lli'ner;il, pxjprcssing their viUin.irness as a body to defouil the lives inid pVopertios of their fellow-citizens to the utmost of their power, and th;it a (lecutiition of this company be niado to cany the above into effect. After the pa* Lonip;iny wa.< D. Pater- ^oll, .Iisi'i)h Wilson and Alexand(>r llamil- ti,n. b'ing informed that the most effect- ur.l way to obtain an inimodiiito attention to thi ii' business was to address a letter to the Adjutaut-Cieneral : did so by A. Hamilton, secretary of the companj", and ol which the following is a copy :— Toronto, .""ith Juno, 183S. From the call made upon our fellow- ( ilizens of the militia to volunteer, the llriti.sh American Fire Insurance Com- jiany have felt it to be their duty to pas.s the i.illowing resolution :— That in conse- .luenee of the recpiisition n< \v bring niiide for city guards, to be in leadiin'ss to act iu any case of sudden omei'goney, this company feel it a duty incumbent upon thoni to offer their services to the Ad- iutant-ticneral, expressing their willing- a.ss .as a body to defenil tlie lives ;uid iMopcrty of their fellow-citizens to the ut- iu'*t Ol' their power. I would hero inform you that this company diil unanimously I'W tiie I'ehelliou breaking out tak(> up arras, .ind for a cimsiderable length of time act as a jiatrol, but .is things began to wear !\ more pejiceablo aspect many It tlie order of the M.iyor re- On pany a; tia'iii, ) turned their iirnis. but as from present ri'ports and a i)pea ranees the company is led to believe the mast impcu'tant crisis is yet to arrive, they are ih'sirous to ob- t.iin .irnis to oiiuip them all and be ro- uularly diilled. so when their active ser- vit'i' by the (iovt>rnment lutiy l)e demand- ed they may be more effective. The com- ]i;niy i" composed of true and loyt-il men and is forty strong. The company ad- ioiinicd until Thursday evening next, .at or before which time your answer lo this is rcBiiectfullv reijuested. ALEXANDER II AM I I/FOX. Sec. 15. A, !•". ("(inipany. To U. Hulloc», E.sq., Adjutant-Gcuem'l. Tl;o answer to the foregoing letter to the Adjutant-General Wiis : Adjutaiit-tJenerars Office, Toronto, 0th Jinn', 1838. Sir,— With reference to your letter ol yesterday, I beg to actiuaint you that his Excellencj' the l^ieutenant-Oovernor ! fully appreciates the loyalty and zeal j which have pronijited tlie liritish-Ameri- ' Ciin ICngine Fire Company to come for- ; ward for the maintenance of our country ; !\nd its iii.stitiitions ; but at the same ' time, under the presi-nt as|K'ct of cir- i cumstanees, his J-'xcellency d(H's not deeia ■ it neee.s.s!iry to call for their active exer- ; tions ; the.se his I'-xerllency Ims no donbt I shall not fail, .should the cxig.Micy for ' them ari.se, in which cjise he will have no hesitation in h.aving recotir.>*.> to their offer. I have the honour to bo, sir. Your most obedient .servant, racHAKD r.rLi.ocK', Adjutant-General Militia, rinirsday, June 7th, 18.'{.'^, the com- met according to adjonrmnent .at 7 o'clock, to receive the report of the cora- I niittee apiiointed to wait upon the Adju- tant-General, when the conimunication jireceding w.as read and approved, after which ii convorsjition took place uiron the (expediency of instituting in the company :i benevolent society. In order to do something of the kind, it was moved by I Mr. Dillon, seconded by James Dell, aud I resolved, that the officers of the com- pany be n. committee to draft some rulea ! for "the government of the comp.-my fus a \ benevolent society, and report next nioet- : ing night. It was moved by Mi-. Doulton, i seconded by Mr. Miller, anil resolved, that ; the officers be a committee to prepare ! for a procession uik>ii the coronation day. j Accordingly the officers met tho.so of the j hook and ladder and Toronto fire engine I companies at the hou.s*' of Mr. D.iker, j known as the •' Dlack Swan," whore it was agreed, it >»eing so decided that the i Dritish-Americaii FTre Engine Compfiiiy ! should take the first place in the iiroccs- ' sion, the hook and ladder the second, aud the Toronto company the last place, and to meet at their res|)ectivo (luarters at the hour of 6 o'clock ii.m., on the 28th iiist. On the 28th the company met .at the engine house. After a short time the hydrtiulic engine, owned by WatkiiH and Harris, hardware merchants. King street, en.8t of St. .lames' C.-.tlc'dral, drawn by a horse and having a. hnndsome flag on it. came up. when the company, |>reci'ded by tlie assist.'int en- gineer iso. 1. Kicli.ard W(M)dsworth, with the engine, drawn by four horses, with banner .ind flag.s of a splendid doscritition, pr((Ceed(>d to tlio City Hall, in fi'ont of which they were joined by t!ie fire eom- M r m LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. panies mentiouod before, nnd, after being arranged by the chief engineer, accom- panied by the united bands of the Queen's ForesterB and UaugerH, proceeded down King street to Berkeley street, up Berlv- eley street to Duke street, up Duke street to New street, u|) New street to King street, up King street to Government House, through the Court yard and up Graves street to Lot street, down Lot street to Yonge utreet, down Youge street to Front street, down Front street to Church street, up Church street to King street, down King street to City Hall, wheie, leaving the machines in front, they repaired to the Council room where a collation was beins prepared for them by the stewards, of which they partook and then withdrew to their resj)ective (juar- ters, the display being considered one of the most gratifying the citizens of this place ever witnessed. On the 18th July, 1838, the Mayor hav- ing written a note to tiie chief engineer to request thi' fire companies to assJHt to receive the Earl of Durham, the chief addressed a copy of it to the various Companiej^, on wliieli the captains im- mediately g;ive notice to tlie members to attend .at the engine house at 2 o'clock, from whicli they took their way to the City Hall, where, being congregated to- getiier and being joined by the members of St. Patrick, .St. Andrew ;ind St. George Soi'ii'ties, and fireeeded by a bond of music and the members of the City Council, they proceeded to the Government wharf, an(l, separating iind lining the wharf on both sides, awaited his landing from the steamer Cobourg. then in sight. .\bout 4 o'l'lock hi-^ I'x.-i'licney landed, aeenm- pnnied by Lady Durham, a numerou.s' suite. Sir John Colborue, and an ex- cellent band, when Sir George Arthur and all the heads of departments, in ad- dition to the companies mentioned, re- ceived him. .and Sir George, taking the Earl, and Sir J. Colborne taking Lady Durham, they walked up the wharf, the companies closing behind them in pro- cession until they eame to the carriage in waiting, which, entering, they pro- ceeded to the Parliament buildingK. the stone steps being carpeted and having , the crimson chair of state waiting his re- ! ception. After arriving, the Mayor read i and presented his address from the citizens I and Earl Durham read and pn'si-nted an | answer, which was eiitliusiiastieally re- Ci'M-..(!, aftov ivhich he di'livenMi an ex- i , reni'ous address assuring the citi- I <• .-, .:,M(1 spectators of his disposition to [ • to thein- rill' iiniiiber supposed to be ' pfek' .1. was alioiil Kt.dOO persons, men, r\-omea and '■liiidren, ihf iii(i>;t nninerous I aud iipiemlid (li^|)lay ivei' made in the ' city, one tiiat surprised tiie Karl of Dur- ham nnd his attendants, as was after- j wards expressed by him. On the follow- ing day, biisinese of importanea catling I the Earl below, hie stay was necessariij limited. The same arrangements beings made by the companies, corporation and societies as the day before, at 3 o'clock I they proceeded to and lined Mr. Brown's I new wharf, ea«t of the foot of ScottI streett and there awaited the arrival I and departure of Earl Durham and! suite. At five they appeared in their car- riages and approached the boat by thej wharf, when a most violent thunder- storm suddenly coming on, drenched suehj as could not get shelter and prevented the Earl from addressing the spi'ctators, las it was supposed he wished. However, after the shower was passed the boat| pushed off, the Earl showed himself bow- ing to the numerous s[)ectator8, who kept I cheering him till at a great distance out] in the bay. On Mor.day, 4th April, 1842, the com- pauy met at the usual hour, when, in I consequence of the desire of the company | to be in possession of a lion of their own without the dilficulty of procuring oiw | for processions similar to the last, by ho- ing under obligations of borrowing frmn I Mr. Parkiss or any other [X'rson, it was moved by Mr. George Bilton, seconded by | Mr. Thomas Storu), and resolved that Mr, Paterson do purchase a carved ami gilt] lion for the luse of the company on pro- cession days. On July 10, Monday evening at " i o'clock, the conipany met to receive thej report of the committee appointed to en- quire into the expenses of procuring a{ lion as a badge of distinction for the companj-. A specimen from a wood en- graver was pres.'uted, but it w;is in so j unfinished a state as to bo unfit to de- cide upon ; it wa.s therefore left with the commiitee, to whom was adtled the secre- tary, and if, when finished, it pleased them, they were given power to complete the badges for the whole companj'. Tbe i subject of hand grips for the hose and hooks foi' fastening them on ladd-'rs and roofs were also spoken of, and those pre- sent agi'eed to sustain the captain in carrying the mea.-ure out and iu defray- ing expenses, or have the expenses de- frayed out cjf the funds of the company in case the coi'poration reufwd the nece.M- sary aid from the funds of the city. It waij resolved tliat the secretary be di- rected to address a letter to the Chief Engineer calling his attention to tbe absolute necessity of increasing the uum* ber of hydrant^ in order to .atlord an ade- quate supply for the fire department, ::8 well as having a proper head of water in the reservoir to render those already LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 57S itfl, a« was arter-j im. On the follow-, importaneo calliug j ly waH necesRarily rraiigemeutfl beinH !s, corporation and I pforc, at 3 o'clock I liuetl Mr. Brown's the foot of Scott aited the arrival arl Durham and | oared in their car- 1 the boat by the violent thunder- : on, drenched such ter and prevented inR the spi-ctators, • wished. However, passed the boat | lowed hiinHelf bow- K'ctntors, who kept great distance outj •il, lS-i2, the com- lal hour, when, in I ire of the companv I lion of their owu j ■ of procuring oiio to tlie last, by lie- of borrowing frmii I her ixTson, it was Bilton, t^ocouded by | J resolved th;it Mr. a carved ami gill ] ; company on pro- ly evening at ' net to reeeive the appointed to cu- es of procuring h listinction for ilic from a wood eu- bnt it was in so to be unfit to do- fore left with tlu' s added the secie- if^hed, it pleani'ii power to conipUii' ole companj'. I'l.t' for the hose uiid j m on ladd'TB and ! of, and those pre- the e;iptain in lut and ill defray- the expenses de- of the company reufsed lhi> neces- Is of tin- city- It (secretary be di- tter to thi> Chief ttention to tLo reatiiiig the num* to a fiord an ade- e depiirtment, ::« er head of water ler tht)ee already effected efficient, their inefficiency being eo apparent tm to create general dis- satisfaction. Scarcity of water being a matter of Buch frequent occurrence, the company adopted and published tiie following re- Bolutioii : The Water Company— Complaiut of a Want of Sufficient Supply by the Fii« Brigade. At a meeting of the British American Fire Engine Company, held in their hall Monday evening, the 5th inet., the sub- ject of the frequent deficiency of water at fires, particularly at the fire on John street on the morning of the 5th inst., being brought under consideration, it was unanimously resolved : That the company cannot too strongly urge upon the city corporation and the various iusurancu companiefl the necessity for some imme- diate and energetic steps being taken to supply the engines with water at fires. The so-called water-works, for which the citizens are taxed so heavily, are, in gen- eral, of little service in case of fire, and might with advantage to the safety of the inhabitants be at once shut up. That this was particularly manifest at the fire on John street, on the morning of yester- day, the 6th inat., when for upwards of half an hour after the engine of the com- pany had been on the ground, and in connection with one of the hydrants, water sufficient to work even for a few minutes could not be obtained, and for want of which a very large amount of property was destroyed, or rather sac- rificed, by trusting for a supply of water to the water-works. That if some suf- ficient means to compel the water com- pany to fulfil their oblit^atious to the citizens be not adopted, or some other means be not devised to pijpvide an ample supply of water for the engines at fires, the members of the fire company cannot be expected to remain associated in a service, which, thus rendered inefficient, must become dishonourable. It was also resolved that a copy of the foregoing resolutions be forwarded to the city cor- poration, to the offices of the different insurance companies and the various newspapers. (Signed) DAVID PATERSON. Captain. JAMES PRICE, Secretary. April 5th, 1847. At a special meeting, October 13th, 1&47, Mr. Morris having taken the chair, it was resolved that the company turn out to receive the Governor-General on Friday. Accordingly the company aasem- bled at 3 o'clock, to join in the proces- sion to meet the Governor-General, and, after escorting his Excellency to the Mayor's residence, returned to the engine house and held a special meeting. At the monthly meeting. May Ist, 1848, the company met as usual, Mr. Paterson in the chair. After collecting a few fines Mr. Paterson left the chair, and Mr. D. Maitlaud vf&a appointed chairman for the evening. The company then proceeded to elect officers for the ensuing year. Those declared elected were as follows : For captain, Sproatt 10, Morris 9 ; for first lieutenant, Morris, unanimous ; for second lieutenant, IJobeon 10, Alderdice 8 ; for secretary, Pell unanimous ; for treasurer, Walker unanimous. At the monthly meeting, Augusti 7. 1848, the company met as unual, the captain in the chair. The committee for auditing the reports reported to have found them correct and satisfactory, the company having a balance in the treasurer's hands of £7 78. Gd. By order of the committer the following accounts were handed over to the treasurer, and ordered to be paid : Ross Mitchell's account for coat, W. Landon's account for ale, Mr. Doel's ac- count for ale. The captain rej)orted to the company the intelWgence that the ladies of Toronto intended to prpsent to them a banner on Thursday, the 10th inst., in the grounds of the old Govern- ment House, at two o'clock p.m., and at a special meeting of the officer.^ of the brigade the several companies were re- quested to meet in gala procession in order to receive the banner with due respect, and th.at the men in connec- tion with the Hamilton Fire Brigade and corporation pwirtake of refreshment in the evening, to be paid for by each mem- ber of the different companies contribut- ing the smii of one shilling and three pence. It wa* resolved to meet at the haJl on Thursday at 1 o'clock in full n'galia to take part in the proces-sion. Accordingly on Thursday, August 1, 1S48, at the hour of 1 o'clock p. m., the company met in full regalia and proceeded to the govern- ment grounds in connection with the other companies to receive the splendid banner presented by the ladies of Toronto to the fire brigade, after which tlie pro- cession proceeded down King street and up Front street to Church street to the Church street fire hall. At 5 o'clock p.m. they went in procession to Mr. Beard's new building on Church street, on the north-east corner of Colborne and Church streets, afterwards Beard's hotel, to par- take of refreshments. On the whole the procession was decidedly the best of the kind which Toronto has ever seen, not- withstanding the day was most oppres- sively hot and disagreeable. The preceding to a certain extent anticipates history, but is given as the complete records of No. 3 Engine Corn- pa nj- from its minute book. To return to the history proper I ijl 574 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. of the Fire D<']).irtm<>iit wo fiml tli.'it on April 12. is,*}*, in (Vmiiu'II. Aid. L('«.s!it' moved, Hi'C'r)udi>d by Aid. Hai'inT, "That nntil the fire di'pfirtnuMit in phiced undor Iho ri'y;iiliition ol' the (^(nincil, tin- Mnvor bi> uiiliiorizod to diri'i't tlic ismic of lifkct.s to cai'tiTs furnishing w.-itcr iit fires (US has bi'i-n cnstoinar.vi nndi'r tho direction of llic captain of the late York Fire Cuinpnny." Cirricd. The fibove rf.«olnti<)n is tho first pffirinl record relating to the fire departnient of Toronto in the minutes of the mnnicipal co7|io:iai<)n of the City of Toronto. Two days later the firi^t Fire .-ind Water Conimitteo of the city was apiminted, and couHi«tf'd of Aid. t'arfrae and J.esslie and Counttilnian Doel. The first re|h>;t of the I'oniniittep on Fire, Water, etc., WiU* bronghl up on the 23rd Ajiril, 1S;?4, and is as follows : •' Your committee, ia the dificharge of the diuy eiitrusted to them, beg to offer a few general snpget^tions, which they deem of importance, previous to submit- ting for your approval a bill for the prevention of the calamities to which the inhabitants of the city are exposed in casex of fiiv. In the present state of the city in regard to its wealth .and nu>ans of imiTovement, the cause from which , the greatest danger of fire arises cannot be jiltogether obviated. liiiililings of wocd must necessarily 1m> allowed to be erected in the cit; for many years, nntil by the improven nt of the Mech.anic Act* buildings of o. more substantial charac- ter may be constructed at less expense than they can now be, or nntil by the incr(\'i,se of the wealth and the improved facilities of its communication, stone feu- buildings shall be brought in iu such abundance as to do away with the in- ducements which now lead to the erec- tion of wooden houses. * ♦ • '['he value of ground on each side of King street having of late years been greatly enhan- ced, a« affording the best stands for places of business, your committee are led to believe that the proprietors of lots could without difficulty or diminution vi their rents lease them to iiersons who Woiv;j ;>rect brick buildings thereon, W(>re t'iere to be a city ordinance against the erection of those of wood. Should it be considered inexpedient, hoWi>ver, to at- tempt to enforce a n^gnlatiou of this kind, the danger arising from wooden houses, csjK'cially when constructed iu contiguous r.anges, may be greatly lessened by the erection of brick party Walls of sufficient thickness to prevent any part of the wood of one house from being affected bv fin' arising in those adjoining it. (Sd.) " TIIOS. CARFRAK. " JAMKS r.ESSLIE. .,,.■. "JOHN DOEL." On 17th .Tune, 1834, the following were aiijiointed fire insiKJCtors for tho eevernl wards of the city: Johu Dennis .Tohnson, for St. George's, St. Andrew's and St, P.itrick's ; Exaveras Clinkunbroouier, for St. Lawrence and St. David's. Less than a month later tho chairman of fire, water, etc., iu Ida rc|)ort, said : That, as the citizens have come forward ami .subscribed liber. illy ff>r the purcbasi' of a fire alarm bell, aud, as it is also absolutely necess.ary that some plan sho'ild be adopted for conveying the alarm in cajje of fire to the respective firemen, wlio are scattered over the city, and, as the safety of the city and the preserva- tion of i)roperty depends greatly upou jnoniptitude of the firemen in attending at the place of conflagration, tho com- mittee, theiefore recommend to the Coun- cil the pi'opiiety of seconding so laudable an object by granting the sum of seventy- five pounds to carry tho plan into execu- tion. The report was received, and adopted, and the amount voted. William Musson, Robert Emery, Malcolm McLennan, John Armstrong, and David Peterson were ap- pointed commissioners to expend the same. The ordinary expenses of the fire com- pany iu the first yeai' of 'I'oronto's his- tory as a city amounted to £17, 35s 5 l-2d, including payment of officers, men, extra carters, etc. The appliances at the time consisted of two hand engine«, hose reels, and one hook and ladder truck. The second hook and ladder company ♦.-as organized in 1836, when a sum of £55 was voted in Council to the members for the purpose of securing uniforms. In 1.S37 a considerable amount of i-e- paiiing was done to the fire engines aud other apparatus by the orders of the cap- tains, and the bills sent in to the Com- mittee on Finance and AsBeasment, who .sent them in to the Council, recommend- ing them to bo paid, and at the same time protesting against the exjienditure of so much money without special per- mhssion from the Committee on Fire, Water, etc. Tho Council upheld the com- mittee iu •'^heir report. The sums which had been spent amounted to £32 18s. lOd. In March. 1838, the various fire com- panies were entirely reorganised by order of the Council, aud all men who wi«hed to become or to continue firemen had to report themselves to tlie CSerk of the Council before they were coufiidered eli- gible; also to say to which fire engine or firo company they wished to belong. In October, 1838, there wa« .a i;ood deal of excitement among the different fire companies as to whether the office of chief engineer of the department was LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 575 e foUowluB wore for the severnl Df'niiiH .lohiison, drow'fl and St, ikuiibiuoiuer, for Lvid'a. (*!• the cUairmnii lis rciiort, said ; v(> come forward for the purcbnsi' id, as it is also .liat Bomo pin 11 vcyins tUo alarm spective firemon. thp city, and, as nd the prone rvn- Is greatly upou len in atlondiiif; ration, the com- iMid to the Coun- idlnK so laudiilili! > 811H1 of seventy- plan into execu- ed, and adopted, William Muhsom, McLennan, John 'etersou were aji- to expend the of the fire com- of 'i'oronto's liis- ited to £17, 358 t of officers, men, time consisted of reels, and one ladder company hen a sum of £55 the members for uniforms. le amount of re- fire engines and orders of the cap- in to the Com- Aweflsment, who ucil, recommeud- .nd at the same the exjienditure out special {)cr- mittee on Fire, upheld the com- The Hums wbicb to £32 18s. lOd. arious fire com- 'gani^ed by order men who wished firomeD had to lie Clerk of the 3 coufiidcred eli- ch fire engine or d to belong, re was a i;ood ig the different ether the office department was necpssary or not, and petitidns were sent to Council, two against the appointnu'iit aud <>'"' '" favour of it. The petitions well' referred to the Conunilli'e ou Firo and Water, who thonglit lli:it not only was till' office of chief t iigim-cr ncff.snary, but thai to make tJie coiupanles tlioruugh- Ir elfii'ii'nt it wouhl be well to have an .issi.sl.uit iMigitu'er, and rtxoinnu'iidinfj; Ml. UobiMt Iti'ard, captain of the luiok iand ladder coiniwiny, for the powilion. This wa.s adopted by the Council, and carried out. At the «anie tiiiu' a new lire compauj was organized to take M^ the City of TiHoiito, to whom good watjes will be given lor a vi'ar and suri' l)ay- nient. Aj)ply to .1. W.i'bh. Fii'' Insiwctor. N. P..— .1. W. \mh one ymiug nian two year.s I'luphiycd, who ktidws Ih'' iiihabi- lant« and their ni.'inni-r.s. The Fire Inspector reniu'sts editors of the papers in this lower provinces will give the insertion. In 1840 the hook and laddiM- <'(.iii|i.niy occupied the norili side of tin' Cliui'ch street building, the ciigiiio No. 2 the middle, and engine No. 1 the houiU side, A^ tliiit ,'Ulll iibdve the the an THOMAS D. lIAIiBIS, OIIIKI' OF BfilGAUE 1837-1841. charge of the No. 2 engine, and the old comriany dinbinided. Ill August, 1839, on the oeeasion of a big fin', the fire coiii|ianies nuu'o than usually distinguished theni.selves, and the 32nd IN'Kiim'nt turned out and helped to ex- tinguish the flames. Tiie Council passed a resolution of thanks, both to tli(> com- panies and the regiment, for their valu- alile services ou that ocension. The following advertisement is fdund in the ISritish Colonist of Febru;iry G, 1N3'.> : Wiuited— As K((0n as possible, three sober active men to sweep the flues of the three a|)artinents being connected by doors. The first engine of the No. 2 com^- I)anv w;us what is callvl a "goose iieek," fron'i the fact that the base was attached to a pipe curved like the neck of agoo.se, and rising a.bout three feet above the deck oi the engine, or machine, as it was more familiarly known. Each of thess goose Tiecks had a cistern tir water tank attached to the rear of the engine. The suction lio-e was kept at the side of the engine on a wo ulen rod, and when it was wanted for duty it ws drawn from tho rod, and one end of the hose wfus screwed 870 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I'll 11'' to the T&Ir« of the ongiDe in rear, and the othor nhoved into the aperture in the cistern, where a leather apron wait attached and a ntrop buckled round to keep iho watw in. The cistern would hold four or five puncheonM of water. Thi« engine wn« named the Toronto. In Mny, 1841. the chief engineer, ThoniiiH D. Harris, rcMigned hie ixj«ition in the department, and the Council pasaed the following resolution ; " That the thankM of this Council are justly due to j Thomas D. Harris, Ea.).. late chief cn- ginooi' of the Toronto Fire Departiueiit. lor hin valuable services as a inoxt im- | po.-taiit officer of tlii^ Council, and tliat ' him Woriship the Mayor bo rciuestoJ to | their apparatus. During the year 1842 the first Bigna of the real organizatioa of the fire department bi^gan to appear. The next fire company— No. 4— were or- ganized in 1842. Thoma« Mnra was their firnt cni>takii. Their first engine was a gooAi; neck, and their second a pia.no machine, built in Temperance street by William Marks. Sho was larger, yet in style much the same as engine No. 2. This com|iany nod its first hall in old St. Patrick'e market, the entrance being at the ca^t side of the building. It wan located here for years, but in the fifties the engine was housed in a building on tlie Month side of Queen street, about seventy-five feet from the corner of John M ST. Patrick's maukict— i ikst kikk uall fou no. 4 company, oboanized 1842. comoiunicate the.xe sentiineiits of the Council upon his rotirenien» from the office of chief engineer." He was succeeiled by Mr. Robert BeariL In the same mouth the resignation of Mr. li. Woodsworth, assistant engineer of the fire department, was received and ac- cepted, and Mr. .Joseph Wilson was ap- pointed first assistant engineer, and Mr. William Atkinson second assistant en- gineer of the Toronto Fire Department. In the autumn of 1841 the Bay street fire hall was built on the site which it now occupies. For this purpose the Coun- cil voted a sum of £200. The accommo- dation up to that time had been very bad, and the members of the brigade had petitioned the Council several times to give them a better place for keeping street. The present hall forms part of this building. In June, 1845. the Firemen's Benefit So- ciety was organized, and the members of the City Council were asked by [H'tition from the chief engineer of the Fire I)e- jKirtment. to become the patrons of the scheme, which they agreed to, at the same time thanking the (Icpartuient, tlirongli the chief engineer, for their laudable sug- gestions for the improvement of the Fire Department. The sum of £50 was also approj>riatcd out of the funds of the city as a. donation towards the funds of the newly-formed society. The main ob- jects sought were the i)roviding for fire- men who might be disabled at fires, or, in the event of death, for their widows and children. g the ypar 1842 real orgauizatioa lM>fifnii to appear. —No. 4— were or- m Mara was their 'st cnp^iue waa a aecoiid a piaaui ompcrauce street I waa larger, yot as engine No. 2. first hall in olil »e entrance beiuf; building. It was but in the fiftifs in a building on n Htroet, about ic coiner ol John LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. fi77 ^Im- KIZKD 1842. ruis |)«rt of this u'h I'l-nofit So- thc nu-mbiM's of (1 b.v jH'titimi tlio Fire Dc- patroiiH of the to, at the saine iiMMit, through l.mdable Bug- ement of thu ru of £50 w.'iH e fundH of the s the funds of The main ob- iding for fire- at fires, or, their widowa previous to 1840 various acta had boon ji.i-sfd relative to tht> fire regulation of til,' city. In or about that year the [,,!lo«iiiB fire ri'gulatiout were adopted in 1,111' act. This ia the act :— Whereas, is ia expedient and will be f, .11 111! couvouieut to aiuend and reduce iatf> nn" act the different enactments for provciiting and extinguishing fires, and for rfguhiting the conduct of the officers (111(1 laou belonging to the «everal fire coinii.iiiii'H, and of other persona who may lii> prf'scnt at any fire; be it herefore en- acted by the Mayor, aldermen and coni- iiidiiiilty of the city of Toronto in common ('ouncil aHsenibh'd, aa follows :— Sec. 1.— 'I'hat from and after the passing of this act, an act entitled "An act for tlie prevention and extinguifthing of fires," be, and the same is hereby re- pealed. Sec. II.— That the Fire Department of the city of Toronto shall consist of one chief engineer, etc. Sec. 111.— That the different engine, liook and ladder, hose and protection I'omftanips shall choose out of their own number tiieir own officera, etc. Sec. IV.— That it shall and may be lawful for the officers of the different eonipauies on the first Monday in May i)f each year to transmit to the clerk of the common Council the name of three fit and proper persons lor each of the offices of chief and assistant engineers. Sec. v.— The chief engineer, or, in his al)seucc, the senior assistant engineer, .^linll have the sole and absolute control over all the engines, etc. Sec. VI. -It shall be the duty of the officers and members of the several en- gine, hook and ladder and hose com- panies, whether a fire shall break out in the said city, to repair forthwith to the respective engine houses and thence to convey such engines and other apparatus ill aa orderly and expeditious .a manner as possible to or near the place where such fire may be, etc. Sec. VII.— The Clerk of the Common Conneil ehall grant to each member of each engine company, hose company and hook and ladder company a certificate that he is enrolled in the same, which certificate ehall entitle such person to the exemptions pn>Hcribed by the general law.s of the province. Sec. VIII.— U|)on occasions of fires it shall be the duty of the Property Pro- tection Committee to repair thereto, and witli their best endeavours to save fur- niture, merchandise and other property from the fire, and to convej' the same to places of safety ; the senior officer of the said company present shall have the sole command and control of said company ; ajid it shall be lawful for him to require the aid of any male inhabitant of the city between the ages of aixteen and sixty , years, wlio ia not assisting in extinguiah- , ing the fire, to aa^ist in carrying hii I onlera into effect. ] Sec. IX,— In order that the engineer*. j officepB of companies and membera com- posing the fire department may be more ; readily diatingniahed at firea, they shall ; be reepcctively reciuired to wear auch I dress, cap and other insignia as the standing Committee on Fin^ and Water I shall direct. I Sec. X.-Tlie Mayor and aldermen of I the cit^', present at any fire, are hereby authorized to command any mule inhabi- , tant thereat to assist the fire department ' in ex'' iguiahing the fire, and to remove and aij-auge any {lersons at or near the fire in such manner iw may bt> necessary I to allowing and aiding and assisting the fire department the more effectively to I discharge the duty, and in order that ; the said Mayor and aldermen may be ! more readily recogni/.ed and known, they ; shall bear a wand with a gilded flame at the top, and each and every person who shall refuse to comply Avith such orders given as aforesaid shall be liable to be sent to the common jail of the city, and further dealt with a« the Mayor and aldermen may determine. Sec. XI.— All the licensed carters of the city liberties are required to attend all fires for the purpose of conveying water to the same ; and to secure the utmost promptitude the following premiums will ; be awarded to such licensed carters or j others : To onj' carter or other iwrson I who shall with his horse draw the first j engine or fire r.pparatus to the fire the 'sum ol ten shillings, and to any carter I or other jierson who shall with his horse ' draw any of the subsequent engines cr other apparatus to the fire the sum of ; five shillings ; to any person for the I first puncheon of water furnished to any j engine the sum of one pound five shillings; I for the second the sum of fifteen shillings, I and for every puncheon afterwards rc- 1 quired by the chief engineer or officer commanding the fire department the sum of one shilling, but no carter shall be entitled to any premium whose puncheon is not three-fourths ftill when delivered to the engine, nor shall any carter leave the fire, except for the purpose of bring- ing water to the engine, until discharged by the officer in command of the fire de- partment. Sec. XII.— That no person or persons ehall hereafter pass or cause to be passed through any portion of wood or wood and lime, or through any wooden floor in any house or building within the said city or liberties any stove pipe, or without £78 LANDMAKKS OF TOHOXTO. 1^ ■ i ;' l<'iiviiig «ix iin'hiH cliMir Iji'Iwcm'ii tin' pip' ;iii'I HiM'li p.'i tilioii or lltiiir. Si'<'. .*( 1 1 1.— 'I'liji I no (iccii|( lilt or oppu- |iaiit^4 ol' iiti.v liiiimi' or i)uil-c or Iniililinn' in t!i" H'iii'. tScp. XVI.— 'J'li.'it no propiii'tor or pro- prietors of any lioiiwe or liiii liling in \',lii«'li llieie .sliall lie one or nine <'liiniiir\p wiliiin the snid city o;' lil.iertie.-i tih; 11 noj?le<'t or fail to Irive on Iuh. her or their houses or liuildiiij!;s. or aforesaid, one or UKU'e ladders, or sirill nee-ject to liave all ladders to cliimiieys well and fafoly faHleiu'd thereto with iron ho(iic. XVII.— That no pi'i'son or iK'r»ons fdiall set fire to any shavin^r-^, chips, ptraw or any other comlnistilile matter for the purjiose of cnosnminj; Uie .same in any street, square or 1,'iiie in the said city or liberties, or within any enclosiu'e within fifty feet of any biiildii'i;,', or shall carry or keep, or suffer to be carried or l;ei)t, any liu'hted candle or l.-mip in any livery or otlu-r stables within tlie Haid city or liberties iinless Kueh lamp or candle shall be enclosed in a lantern or shade Ro aH to prevent any accidents f?-om fire therefrom. Spp. XVIII.-That no person Rliall Hmokc or have in his or her posfiossion aiiv liphted cipar in any .stable, carpenter or ^abiDet makers' shop, or other nhop or | br;il(!iiip: where straw, shaviiifrs or other "riniljustihle matter may bi% or shall ; wrry fire throiiph any' of thi> Ktreets. squnrcs, laneii or court yards in the said | city or liberties, excejjt in koiiio covered i vi-esel or fire [lan. Si!c. XIX.— That no person or persons Miraw or aii.v oilier coinliiiMlible matei'inl iiiicnvei'ed in his or their court yard, or aii.v lot of :'.T ••Old within one luilidn d feet of any bnildii,;:. Sec. XX.— That no pi'rson or persons Khali fire oi' di-ehar;re any >;un, fowiin;: piece or fire arms, or shall set fire to any cracker, «i|uib, si'rpent or other firework-- iii aii.\' of the streets, lanes or sipiares of the said city. ."^ec. XXI. It hIhiII lie the duly of th" fii'i' in-pict.ii' Im cause to be well and effectually swept, ironi the first day of .\o\eiiiher to till' first day of .\prii, in each Mi'l every .vear. each and ev'r.\ flue or cliiinne.v in use in the cit.v once in each sL-c Weeks, and for the remaiiid"r of the year oiu-e in e-.-ery two month-, and he is hereby authorized and empowered to deinaiid and receive the followin(r rate I and charji;es, viz., the sum of fouriience ' for each .'iml evry time he shall cause to be .swejit an.v flin' in aii,y house or liiiild- iiifr which does not exceed in hein'hl one storey ; the Mum of sixpence for each and ever.v time he shall cau.se to be swept an.v flue in an.v lioiis.' or building which does not exceed in liei;:ht two stoi'eys above the viotind ; th •' sum of wevenpence half-penny for each and every liine he shall cause to b" sw'pl an.v flue in any house or Itiiildiii:;' of an.v jrrealer heiejht, which char.tfe shall b' paid b.v thi^ occu- pier of every such house, tciienieni or lMiildiii.■ Willi li'l; 'jf'S II' iii'ii r II iiy 111 r III' llii'ir 1 I'ily ur lilii'i'- kIii'iI, di' k'i:.!! U'i'il auy liay, ■'lilili' llintri'iiil ('(piirl viinl. or :i' lilllidi'i'il I'l'i'l (III or pi'i'-iiiis V mill, timliiii: ni'l fin' til :iiiy it lie I' I'iriMM.i'U-, i 111' si|ii,iri-i 01 H- duty III' thi' I be well .mil I' first iliy of V of A[)ri;, iu .'iiitl cv'ji'y iliu- city oiK'i- ill ' rc'inaiiid'T of lIUIIltlH, illlll 11(1 i'iii|)i)\\i'ri'(l folliiwiiiK rati' 1 of foiirpciice shall caiisi' to loiisi' 111' liuild- iii hrijjln. out' ' for each and ■ to bi' nwi'pt jiiildiny; which two stori'VM of wcvi-niii'iici' ^vi'i-y tiini' hi" ly fliii' ill any ri'alcr lii'i;rlit, by tin; o('(.'U- ti'iiciucul or pier or oci'ii- it or buijiliuii ir tlii'ii' i.'liiiii- nu! liner and Casi's wiii'rt' n' witiiiii the r witiiiii thi' the M'^iiilarly 1 L'OllSlMiU.'UCI' lot i'(\;riil-irly shall liiiuHf'ii' ty as i;i [)ii'- V of th ■ Otlit.T be till' duty C'coin p'liiy in I'i'H ii! ihi'ir libi'i'iii's. to ly ill piKpiT .^sary aiiuov- Uh-r. aiii pay tlu' demiiiid- or piT- o I'acli liniisi'- !i>t one day's vill attend lo dwei'pluK tho chiiimoyrt of Huch houso- holder. Sif. XXV.-Thnt it «h'ill be the tluty of tlie FIro IiiHfK'Ctor to make a report to the clerk of the eoninioii <'()ii!i('il on each nnil every Monday of the year, by 10 oVl(X'k in the forenoon, containiiit; all the inlrnctioiifl of thin art, by wlinni and where poiumittcd, and nhall proHecute to eoiivietioii when practicable Mueh of- feiidei'H. Sec. XXVI,— That no person or persoim shftH refuse after any flue or chimney shall be swept aH aforesaid, to rate or charKe authorized to be ed by tho Fire Iiutpcctor. Sec. XXVI 1.— That no person ■Oil? other tliiui the Fire Inspector or In- gpcctors appointed by tho common Coun- cil shall Bweep or cause to be swept for liim, or gain any chimney or flue iu tho aaid city or liberties. Sec. XXVII.— That any |»otson guilty of any of the infractions of the provisions of this act after the 10th section iheieof, on conviction before the Mayor or any one or more of tho aldermen, shall for- feit and pay at the discretion of the Mayor or alderman or aldermen convict- iup, a sum of money not exceeding ,t.'>, nor loHB than 2h G(1, and in default of pfiyment of the fiue, toj?ether with the costs of prosecution, it shall be law- ful lor tho Mayor or alderman convicting to issue his or their warrant to levy the sum by distress and sale of the offenil- er'f ^:ood8 and chattels, and in case of no sufficient distress being found whereof to make tho amount of fine and costs, it shall and may bo lawful for tho Mayor or alderman or aldermen, as aforesaid, to commit the offender or offenders to the common jail of the h( me district for auy period not exceeding 30 days or less than one day. Another regulation at this time was that in case of fire both boils of 8t. James' cathedral wore to bo rung. Tho keys of tho church were kept at W. At- kiiis.'n's city buildings, and .-it the Polico Station, West Market place. Ill 184G tho Fire Department of To- ronto consisted of tho following officers, comtianioB and halls :— Chief engineer, Robert Beard; assistant engineers, .Joseph Wilson and Thom.'ts Miles. Fire Engine Company No. 1, " York," Ili'ury Welsh, captain; station Fireman's Hall, Church street. Fire Engine Company No. 2, " Rescue," William lioynolds, captain ; station, Fiiv- man's Hall, Church street. Fire Engine No. 3, " British America," David Pateraon, captain; station, Fire- man's Hall, Bay street. Fire engine No. 4, "Victoria", A. De OrasNJ, captain; ntation, St. Patrick's Market. Hook .iiid I, Milder ('oinpany No. 1, "To- ronto'':. I(. Piper, captain; station, Fire- man's Hall, Church street. IIiMik and Lidiler Cmnpauy No. 2, "Her- cull's"; .1. Armstrong, captain; station, Fireman's Hall, I'.ay street. In December, 1S4('., Chief Enginooi Beard. ()f the Fire Diipartniont, sent in his resit^natioii, which, after being refer- red to a '(elect conimitti'o, was accepted. At the next ineetiin; of tho Council the first and secuiid engineers sent in their resignations, which were also accoptod. Mr, .lames .Ai'iiistrong was the next chiol engineer, but it wa« not till March, 1H47, ! that Mr. A. Do (ira.s.si and Mr. Hiram i Piper were appointed as first and second I assistant engiin'ors of the departineiit. I A by-law w.'is passed in Septembt^r, [ 1S47, which provided for the issue of de- , bentures for the sum of £1,000 for tho use of the Fire Department. This is the first really large appropriation for the use of that department tliat there is any record of, and, to juilgo from tho numlwr : of times it had boon asked for, it was 1 very badly needed, I The officers selected by tho Council for I 1S4S wore :— Mr. Rtbert Beard, chief I engineer; Mr. Thomas Mills, first assist- j ant engineer, and Mr. Edwin Butt, second I nsr.istant engineer. I III M.'iy, 1S4!>, the chief engineer, and j the assistant engineers of tho fire de- I partmeiit, as well a^s some of tho firo I coiiipanies, sent in their resignations to I thi' Council, and thin led to an ontiro re- : organization of the brigade IxMiig re- [ solved upon .'ind cnrried into effect shortly afterwards. A tax of throopoiico in tho Iioiind was levied to provide funds for the ' maintenance oi a. tiionuighly efficient 1 and well equipped fire brigade. Lato in ; tho same year Mr. Tliomiu* French and I twonty-tliri'i' other ineniberH of tho old I firo brigade ; Mr. Jos. Board and twcnty- 1 five others ; Mr. .Tames Aslifield and thirty-five others, applied in a body to I tho Council for pormiwion to become part I of the re-organized lirigado, which waa I granted thorn. The officers chostMi for tho I fire brigade in 1S.50 wo'-o ; Mr. Robert Beard, chief engineer ; Mr. Edwin Butt, I first afisistant enginoor, and Mr. William ; lioynolds, wcond assistant engineer. I In 18.'>0 the firo companies of Toronto I and their officers wore ;— Chief engineer, Robert Board; first a«- I sistnnt, Edmund Bell; second assistant, I William Reynolds; firo warden, James j Armstrong. I Fire Engine Company No. 1, " York "— I Captain, S. Garside; first lieutenant, John I Iredale; secretary, James Davis; treas- ' urer, James Paterson. u 580 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Fire Kusim' Coinpiiny No. 2, "Toronto" — ("aiitiiin, A. ArdaKli: fii'st lii'uti'naiit, W. Marliii; scciud lii titi'iiaut, — . Ciirrutlii'rs; Bfcretary, John Koildy; treasurer, James Evans. Fire EiipiiiC" Company Xo. 3, "British Ami'rica''- C'lptain, H. Sproatt: first lieu- teuant, C. IJoweli; wvoiid lieutenant, George Pieri'y; Kefietary, Jolm Doel; treiwurer, Cliark'H Walker. Fire Engine Company, No. 4, " Vic- toria,"— Captain, Francis French; first lieutenant, Job Bi'.ker; second lieutenant, James Beaty; Ireiwurer. G. Simpson. Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, "To- ronto."— Cai>tain, Jos. Bird ; first lieu- tenant, Robert Kirk; second lieutenant, F. Milligan; secretary, John Wallace; trea-surer, S. Mclean. Hook and Ladder Comp.iny No. 2, "Her- cules."— Cersou to have or keep .i larger quantity than twenty-eiu;ht [wunds of fiun powder in one place longer than forty- ei:>ht hours, except in a powder magaziut' approved of by the Common Council, said twenty-eight pounds to be put in stone jars or tin canisters of sev<>u iKiund^. eacli. The City Surveyor, when directed by the Mayor or any aler, ami Mr. the box of a piano, with two ba „• brLikes at the sides. The " fore and afl machine, of Avhich, at a later period, there were 8|>eoimeiiH in town, differed from the " piano," in that the brake* were at the tad instead of the sides. Like No. 2 Company, No. 1 at first had a " goose neck " machine, aud later a " piano." Not 1 company wos afterwards located in a brick building, on Court street, erected in 18-iG, the upper portion of which was devoted to tto Mechanics' In- Btitute with its library, ind a hall for public meetings. The luwer portion was f SV2 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. (liviili'd into tlireo halln, ouo to the Mv-st ff>r No. 1 coiniiaiiy, tin' I'l'iitix- liall for No. 2. ivnd the I'fiHti'ru hull for tiic hook and laddrr company. No. 2 conipany occupit'd tlio Court strout hall up to about 185U-G(). Oi' conipaay No. 2, Alexander Jaccjuos fiayd : " Smioliow this coiiipaiij' (No. 2t wore unalik- to find a lovt'-«pot in the chief eugiut'or'H heart, aud whilst other compauiee had oidy to (ujk niul their wautH were Hupplied, No. 2 uever got even a heariiiK- lu this state of affairs we hud a friend, Mr. Frank lie ward, the man.'URer of the Hoyal Insurance Coniiiiuiy, who ever Btood by the boys of No. 2. For some years the city paid prize inotiey, as also the admission fee, .$5, and the profits of excursions to Rochester and lUiffalo were husbanded. In 185'J an order wavS given to Cowan & Son, engine builders, of Seneca Falls, N.Y., for a first-da^ss folding break piano ! stood sJiouIder to shoulder with their cap- tain, and his departure was a signal fo:- a break-i'p. John Pearcey moved the dis- banding ri'solution. Peter Campion ov Thomas Mcllroy were the Becondern. The resolution was to the effect ' That whereas the captain waw goiug to leav.' the city, the company s«^ll out vheir stocli aud (juit the servic, uever to i-uu wit!-, any machine or under another officer.' Marry Smith was general charge d'affaires around the hnll, aud kei)t tlir boys iu order. There are still alive in the Queen City a few of the old members of No. 2 : Thomaa Farragher, Thoniaa Mcllroy, Alexander Peareey, George McConkey, Williau) Reynolds, John Pearce, Joseph Worden, Harry Smith, William Forbes and Thomas McMuUeu." The officers for 1854 were :— Mr. James Ashfield, chief engineer ; Mr. Arthur Ardagh, firsL assistant engineer, and Mr, I William Charlton, second assistant engi- THE FOLDING-BREAK " PFANO " MAflflNK NO. 4 — IN CSE 1845, machine to throw three streams, a reel aud 500 feet of hose. In due time the machine was built, and in her co.istruc- tion the Cowans had elaborated, as it was their firet in this market, and they were desirous of getting more orders. A house was secured ou the east 8id(> of Youge, directly opjiosite Elm st. Double doors were put in, wash-rooms, boot-rooms, bunks for twelve men .and a neatly furnished rend- ing-rooni were fitted up. This latter was a popular resort for many of our friends, who resided in that then rural part of Toronto. Here such men as " Yorkshire " Smith, and men of that ilk, would si)eiid a social hour reading, smoking and enjoy- ing a game of draughts, backgammoa and whist. The machine was known as Ijidef)endent No. 2. Finally, as years rolled on and the city expanded, it wiis found necessary to go in for powerful Water- woi'kw, and the steamer was in- tnxlnced. The captain, in fact the only captain the company ever had, having met reverses, was about to leave the city. A meeting was called. The bo3rH had ever necr. These same officers held their re epective posts in 1855 and 1856. In 1855, on the resignation oi the mem- bers of the fire brigade, that body wan entirely re-organized, and consisted of six engine companies, one hook and lad- der company, and one hose company, with officers as follows : No. 1 Engine, Phoenix Company— Mr. John Irediile, captain; Mr. ThoniasHum- phries, lieutenant ; Mr. mers, secretary. No. 2 Engine, Rejficue James Smith, captain ; Brotherston, lieutenant ; Lee, secretary. No. 3 Engine, British America Company —Mr. John Segswortii, captain; Mr. Rober. Carmichael, lieutenant; Mr. John Fogg n, secretary. No 4 Engine, Victoria Company— Mr. Geoi j:e Reatty, captain; Mr. Robert Kich.uond, lieutenant ; Mr. William Dill, secretary. No. 5 Engine Company (Deluge)— Mr, Loftus Ti'ueman, captain ; Mr, George George Sum- Company— Mr, Mr, William Mr, Thoodoro !^^ held their re 1856. iou oi the mem- that body wns id cousisted of hook and lud- company, with M,i;\AM ; I.\<.,)tTl.s, I IKKMAN ANli ('ATTAIN IlESCUK COMI'ANY NO. '_', lS.V_»-,"{. 0|). \<\i n I '. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 683 Patterson, lieutenant; Mr. Thomaa Jewell, isecretnry. Ko. 6 Engine, Provincial Company- Mr. ^V. W. Fox, captain ; Mr. John Car- keek, lieutenant ; Mr, James liichey, k,;cretary,. captain ; Mr. Wiliinm Burua, lieutenant ; Mr. C. E. Ilolliwell, secretary. The report of the chief engineer of the fire brigade for 185G gives a list of the different fire conipauiea, the uumbttr of men attached to each, apparatus, and Iltiok and Ladder Company, Union f)onipany-Mr. R-chard Ardanh, captain ; Mr. ('liarle.s P,ent.y. lieutenant ; Mr. Sani- upl McLean, secretary. Hose Comp.iny-Mr. W. C. Morrison, U5 00 K «■. >■ p: O 8 where fltationed ns follows : No. 1, Phoenix Cumpany— Tweaity-nine men, stationed at Court street. No. 2, Heseue Company — Twenty-nine men, stationed on Court street. IH I 584 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. No. 3, British America Company— Thirty men, stationed ou Bay street. No. 4, Victoria Compjiny — Seven teem iii.Mi, Ntatioued at the old St. Patrick'H market. No. 5, Deluge Company — T.weuty-four The hose compnny had 45 men, and was stfitioned on Bay street. The total number of men, without th« chief and assistant engineers, was 227, The loBs during the year wi\e estimated at £12,376, which wae corered by about 8 as O .-5 > 33 a men. stiUioiiod on Rorki-ley streot. No. 6, Provincial Conipnny— Thirty-five men, statioiu'il on Baj- stroot. The lioolc and laddi'r compaiij' w.ts com- j)oeed of 23 nn'ii, and waa stationed on Court stroi't. £17,075 insurnncf. Till' first captain of No. 5 companj w;i« Mr. John Kidd. John and Cliarlos Small and Saniucl Parker wore amoiiR till' first nioniluM's. TluMr first hall wa» ill a lane ni'ar llie south-west comer of 1 ; I T.AXDMAIIKS OF TORONTO. -)'^.-. 5 company ; and Cliarlos wore amoiiR MI- first hall wa' ith-west corner of IVrkt'Io^ "ii'l Huko stroots. Tt stands to- , ;iy as it did foitj .voaiv apo. Thi'ir fir«t riicin'' ^^'"^ "• Mtvon l-tiaud oiu> puiclui>ii'anieH in the department. Mr. Ashfield, wIk> was chief of the fire department at that time, found that there was a good deal of strife I between them, and in coiKBoqneuce dis- j bnndetl Hercules iKick and ladder company I No. 2, whicli Imd moma at the corner of I Bay and Temperance artrceti, and placed ?mE HALL NO. 2 — CORNER PORTLAND AND RICHMOND STREETS — ERECTBD 1870. Provincial Inmitance Company, which had its oi'ficee on Toronto street, at the nortli-east corner of Coiitt street, bought from Perry, of Montreal, an engine known us the Montreal " fore and nft " tub, and ranking in the first cla«8, and presented it to the city for tho uso of the fire de- I pannont. The engine wa« one exhil itod by the manufacturers at the Great £x- the Montreal engines in their hands, changing the organization from a hook and ladder compan,^ to a fire engine company. As there Arerc five fire engine companies in existence previously, this made No. 6, but it wat better known as th« " Provincial," because it wafl a pet ol the insurance company of that name. William Fox was captain of the company. 086 LANDMARKS OF TORONTIJ. In the eamo buildiug with it wn.s located the Jucktioii hose couipaiiy. ThJH com- pajiy woa oi-gauizod by Willinm Hcuiiiiif?, but BouH'how the iiiimt' of JackMoii Avas given to it in houoiir of JanicK .Tack«oii, who at a Iritor iwriod was cajitaiii. Tho company in tho ol"d days w.'\n a very useful and highly resiK-ctable body. a how reel, wore temporarilj' Htatiouod I in a hal) on tlie west eide of Elizabeth fitroet, Houth of Apnes street. In the fo!. lowing j'ear the company disbanded, ami the hall, along with the bell tower, weri' removed to the east eide of ElizabetL (Street, but north of Agnca etreet. Tliere veteran Bob Hill was in charge, his rmmmm / ROni;RT H0KTKR, CAPTAIN INDEPENDENT FIRE BRIOADE 1857. The salary of the chief ensineer of the fire brit^ade was fixed at £250 per an- num by tlie Council of \><~u. In the latter part of 1857 au independ- ent engine comi>any was organized on ac- count of the i)re valence of ineendi;iry fire«, with Robert Hunter a.s captain. This company, with old No. 4 engine and principal duty being to ring au alarm on the bell in ca«e of fire. The engine was tran.sferre(l to Bay street hall. In May, 1858, in consequence of the very larg(> number of fires which had oc- curred, the Mayor called a special meet- ing of the Council to consider the best means of protecting the property of the LAN DM AUKS OF TOIiOxNTO. .587 citizoim ngainst firo. It wns resolved to or^caui/A' a voluutcer night piitrol throughout the city, and alKo to offer a reward of $1,500 for the appreheusion nud oouvictiou of au.v perNoii who Bhould be guilty of setting fire to any premiBes. The officers for 1858 were the same as ill the previouH year. A bad habit among the membore of the fire brigade thou (1858) was the runnir^ Hhould proceed at a faster rate than a waljj wliile n'tuniinj; from fires with tlieir iipp.'iratim. the amotnit of the fine to be deducted from tlieir |)ay. In 1859 the Committee of Fire. Water and GiiH appointed Mr. .Tames Aslifield, chief eiii;ineer of the fire department, William Chiirltoii, first assistant oiigiueer, and James Smith, second assistant en- giueer. lu this same year a firo eugiue FIRE HALL NO. 4— COR, BERKELEY AND DUKE STS. — BOILT 1859— REMODELLED 1871. lof engines and reels on tlie sidewalks |Trhil8t going to and returning from fires. This resulted early in the year, in the death of Terence Meehan, fireman, of No. Co., by one of the engines running over him, and steps were thereupon immedi.a- ely taken to put a stop to the practice. For this purpose a penalty of £5 was to imposed upon any company which was constructed for the use of No. 4, Vic- toria Company, of the Fire Brigade, the cost of which was about $1,200. The work WJ18 done by Mr. Win. Marks, of Toronto. In consequence of the very great num- ber of disastrous fires which had taken place during this year, and which were supposed to have been of incendiary ori- gin, the Council issued a proclamation, rr .'SS LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. oarly in Soptcmbcr, offoriuc; a reward of $1,000 for the conviction of the guilty imrtiep. In lS5n the fire department con«i«ted of eight oonipanies, the «ame lut in 1856, ninnl)erinp 203 nuMi, Htatiowcd and offi- cered tin follows : Jamen ABhlield, chief engineer, Temper- ance (Street; William Charlton, first a«- fiistant engineer, Victoria Htreet; James Smith, second nasistaut engineer, Front Btreet. Early in IHOO a by-law was pRMi«;| which provided for the organization i two ho«e <'onipaiiirs, of 20 men each, ii stead of having, as formerly, only cj:,. j company, conwsllng of 40 men. This liv- law wnfl introilu\ the fire brigade, nnd to represB aa niurM as possible the long continued praclii. j of running the engines, etc., on the sid... walks when going to fires." The by-laiJ was carried into effect on October Int. r.AY STREET HALL — S. E. CORNER HAY AND TEMPERANCE STS. —REBUILT 1871. The captains were : .lohn Iredale, No. 1 engine, Yonire street; Alexander .Tac(iues, So. eiiprine. King street ; Frederick Rattray, Xo. 3 engine, Yongc street; Edward Street, Xo. 4 engine, Que^n street; Samuel P;irker, Xo. 5 en- gine, Ontario street; George Fox, Xo. 6 engine, (Juecn street; .lames Bennett, hook and ladder company, Colborne street; James Jackpon, Toronto nos<' Coinp;uiy, King street. Tu 1S.50 .a new fire hall was erected on tho west side of Berkeley street, south of Duke street. 1S60, and the now company was stn- tioned at the old fire hall on Court street, The captains of No. 1 wen^ :— Jann'< Walsh, S. Garside, .Tames Iredale ani'.l William Charlton, after assistant I'li- nineer. The captains of No. 2 were W.I XInsson, Fi'anklin Jacques, Edwin Bill. William Reynolds, Richard Couch. Thr nin? (liifl'ith, James Smith, Edw.-ird Lee, Ali'x- ander Jacques. Amone: the men were \\. Brotherstoii, John Da vies, Duncan Forhi'?, Peter ('am[)i()!i, J;)liu Esnionde, RicliaHl Couch, Thomas Griffith, .Tamos Fost'T. William .TaC(}ues, Thomas Farraj^hor. :„:,;* LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 589 Lmc« EsTionrlP. A. Opmini>l. .Io«o|ili Hock, Iclinnl M"(lialf(\ Edward Kiiijr, John Drth, pCl, providing for tiie orKanizatinn of I vohiiitcrr fire brigade, consisting of Bno oiigino companies, one luxil; iind lad- kr fompany, two h^wf eompt ' ' their resignation was accepted. The system of snpiilying the engines with water by means of puncheons con- tinued in Toguc down to 1861. The imncheoii was a large cask, capable of containing from sixty to eighty gallons I of water, or about wliat would fill three ! ordin.'iry flour barrels. One of the con- I tlitions on which the carters of those days anios, and obtained their liceiiBes was that each 890 LAXDMAHKS OF ToMOXTO. mini bi> iiriiviilfd with at least I'lic j)Uiiclii'<>ii. 'I'lic H.VHtt'iii (if ri'WurilM nffci'- (•(1 fipKt lu tliu-tc ciirli'fM fii'Ht at firi'H with llifir iniiu'lu'oiiH wan a Hiifficit'iit iiiilticciiiiMil to tcuaraiiti'i' n piinctual Mcr- vit'c. To till' carter who wiw fiiHt at the fire with hiH |miielieiK'r officials to a Hhilliug for even FIRE HATX SO. 3— VONnP, STREKT— BT'ILT 1870. Ian aaid to the fourth man one dollar ; All coming later received a York shil- ling for every puncheon brought, and th« flame price was paid to tlie prize winnern for every additional puncheon. A« misht have been expected, diBputew as to tlie relative time of arrival were frciiueut, check. These checks were round, the size of a silver half dollar, and bore on them the nnmbi'r of the compaojy issuing it. Sometimes they were stamiK'd with a fancy device like an eugiifc. lu conseciueiice of the provision of the law, every carter bad Lie puucLcou, and s •nil' III .■.\eral ■ ly cirtH ;',„.ir I'll,-' ,il oil the cveill of (lav's worl ou" their CI r I during the pected tha on fire by expectatioi the re war* that althoi home or puucheouB LAN'DMAIIKS ()!•' T' )PvON*T(). 501 H ,iiii' III' tin- iiKiiit wi'iiltliy oiM'H lind <.\i'r;il iiiuiL'lu'oii*), oiii' lor ciu'li of ■jic I'.irts. A fow I'lirti'PH minlc it •jii.ir IniKiiH'XH t<> krcp puiicticoim I'ill- ,(I oil till- i';irt*i. (It all tiiiicM rciiily in the ..vi'iit of ''til aliir.in. OtlnTM, wlii'ii tin- (lii.v'H wurlx wiu* (loiw, |iut tlifir iuiucIh'oiih ou thoii' iinta. filli'tl iu roudiiicsH lor fircH iimd lu»«ti' to Ki't tn the fin; ovcm' thi> nniK'' ro.idH of till' town, wln'ii tfn'.v ri'iudi- od till' I'nuiii""^ tliiT" Hcrin'cly would bt; a luiilfull Irft, itll till' ri'Ht hiiviiiK Ix't'ii H|il.'i>4hi'd out. The filiirni of tlri' wnw Hoiiiidi'd by lilt' iHTHoii who diHCovi-ri'd it by nitiiiiuK to tlio first bi'll mid rinjriug it, aud the membera of tin; coiu|)auy buiog FIRE HALL NO. 7— WILTON AVENUE— BUILT 1878, during the night, and it is shrewdly sus- pected that many a building wiia set on fire by the carters themselves, in the expectation or hope of obtaining one of the rewardfl. So keen was the rivalry that although the cartsmen started from home or from the bay with their puucbeouB full) yeti on account of their all cngajrcd at their custotnnry vocations during the day, are equally scattered about the town at night, it happened that the cartmeu with their puncheons were usually in advance of the engines. Pre- vious to the final disuse of the puncheons a kind of system of wator^works had bi'cn laid by Mr. Furuiss, as a private specu- i 592 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. lation. TI' luul built a rewrvoir on the t'iiNt ."idn of llurou sti'i't^t, juat north of w'iiat is now St. Patri' ii street. The water wjls i)Uiu|)ed from the bay and distributed through a Kiuall section of the city, but the pi|)e.s were very email, the supply of water totally inadequate for the extinction of fires, and tliere were frecjiUMit complaints botli from the fire companies and the pe()i)le, nevei'al of which have been noticed in the min- utes of company No. 3. As Mr. Ashfield's connection with the lire brij;ade of Toronto is a part of the history of that brifC^ide for exactly half a century, it will be of interest to give a brief outline of it. In May. LS3!), Mr. Aahfield waw admit- ted a member of the Toronto Fire ]{ri- gade, which at the time consisted of five companies of from thirty to forty mem- bers each, all volunteers, who received no remuneration for their services. In 1846 he was elected captain of his com- pany, and in May, ISTjI, while absent from the annual meeting of the officers of the brigade, having prtvioiisly de- clined being a caudidiite, iie was elected to the office of chief engineer of the brigade, and iu accordance with that election he was appi)in'ed to that office by the City Council. The following is a copy of his appointment by the City Coun- cil ill 1^51, on the recommeiidatiou of the fire brigade : aerk'« Office, Toronto, May Hi, l!l. Sir,— I have (he honour to acquaint you that the Common Council of the City of Toronto have, in iiursuanc** of the recom- mendation of the fire brigad", by a re- .solution adopted on the l.">th iiwt., ap- IMjinted yon Chief r^iigiuoer of the To- ronto Fire Brigade. I have the nonour to be, sir, Your very obedient servant, CUAULES DALY. James .4ehfiold. After a service of fourtetn years in the brigade, two tm chief engineer, and all without {vty, having his own private businefifl to attend to, Mr. Ashfiold de- clined being again a candidate for the office of chief engineer. The City Coun- cil then resolved that the chief engineer should be paid a salar\ and induced him to accept the office at $()0() \k'v year. In .Tune, 1S.15, wliile a>j.^ent from the city on a tour of iiuspection, he was re-ajv- iiointed and his salary M'as raised to .$S0(), and a few years later to i?l,000_. On Mr. Ashfield's appointment in IS.'io the Council ajipoiiited William Charltun first assistant engineer and Avtlnir Ardagh second assistant. In 1850 the Council had made a small .'.llowaiice to n>pet ilie iil'^rilute expenses of the de- partment, but up to 1S7G, when the met were first stationed in the fire halls, jt j may bo said to have been a voluntopr | I dei)artmeiit. In l.s.'iG the City Council I took the appointment of the chief officfuj \ into its hands, the choice of th • brigud* : in this matter having been reepecteil up! I to that lime. ' Ilnnd engines continued in use down tc 18G1, and were drawn to fires by tbe firemen. In that year the brigade \va.s j ! re-organized with steam engines, but th:' members of the department still con- tinued to practice their ordinary avoca- tions, g,)ing to fire halls cnily on tLt I alarm. Although the city had stj-au I engines it diu not at first have horses : to pt?ll them, and whenever there vu I ' a fire the nearest horses at hand wore \ drafted into the service. The old liauJ engines were sold to small municipalities iu tlie province, the la.st one to be di« [Kvsed of being the Phoeni.x, which was I jHirehased by the villa4i;e of Oakville. t The Committee on Fire, Water aud Gas I ; recommended tte purclnuse of a steani I fire engine in 1858, but no steijs were I taken to carry out the recommejidatioii I until 18(51, wheu two steam euginen w«re| procured from Messrs. Silsby & Co., of Seneca Falls, N.Y.,' for which the sum | I of $0,000 iva-s paid. The engines gave very good satisfactioji on occasions li fire, although at first they caused some I jealousy on the part of the other fiie| companies, which led to their being bin dered in its work. To the price of one of the engines dii- fereut in«urance coiup-anies doing busi- 1 nes.s in the city sul)scril)ed $2,000. After thase two engines became back numbers, owing to the !ulviu*>.-o:neut in I the science of fire fighting, they wok sold to a junk dealer for the Bum of $S0, by whom they were broken up, aiij| thrown into the scrap-irou h«R.p. The cost of maintaining the fire bri- gade iu 1801 wiuj $7,520, distributed aj follows : Cliief engineer of brigade $l,OCi)| Fii'si. assistant engineer $C00, at<'ri'uly alteroil There were but two statiyjj-s tlic B.iyl street fire hall it the corner of Temixr- ance street and the Court street fire huJI.I ii! LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 593 on- I Jamea Ashfield, the chief eugiiiecr, had hid office in the eaat wiiig of the City Hall buildings. The force consisted of quo chief en- 1 'iieer. one aasistant engineer, 17 brauch- nit'n. 11 hook and ladder men. 1 hiifsU-r, 2 engiiieerfl of stoam fire eugiubs, 2 fire- men of the eaine, 2 driver.^ of horse for the same, 2 driverB o' hose* carts, 1 driver of book and ladder inKk: in all j h.-ftd, and Meissrs. Thomas Kerr and ! Tlioiuas Graham (the present chief) were I a-ppointed firemen of eteam engines. In February of the same year an appro- priation of $2,000 wa« made for the cou- stnictioii of water tanks in various popu- louH portions of the city, for the pur- ^)oso of affording an adi-(iuate supply of water for the extinguishing of fires. Twenty-eight tauka were constructed dur- KIKE llAT-L NO. 8— S. W. COR. ('OLI,E(iK ST. AND BELI.EVUK AVE. — BUILT 1S7S. 140 men, with two stefl-m fire engliu^s, Ihose carts, hose, hook and ladder appar- l&tus and seven lioracs. In 18G2 the City (\)uncil i)as.s.'d a hy- llaw providing for the organization of a [lire dopartineiit, to consist of the two pam fir" engineH and hone carts, with pie necessary euKineers tuul braneii.men; riH> lioi>k aTid iMclder C(;mpuny and thrw Ihniirt engines, to bo stationed jit diffcr- Biit partH ot the city. The office of second lugiuier was awarded to Mi. J-jlin Wliite- ing tlie yea , and more added from time to time. Both in 1803 and 1804 the Committee on Fire, Water and Gas urged upon tla' Council the necessity of pi"oturiiig a thii"d fire steam engine, to be kept iu re- sei-ve iu case of accident to eitlier ot tlie i>tlu'r en|!;iues, but tlu' Council of that yeiir did not consider it necessary. Agjiin, on Januiiry 81st. ISOa, tlio Coni- niittee n'couiinended that an appropriii- tiou of $4,000 be made for an adli'^' 'i,' ; m: 594 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I I •team fin* oiigiuo, but the report was uot adopted by tlie Council, aud the matter stood ovi'f oau ■ more. In 1803 till' following correepoudpncc i« n^portcd ill the records of the Fire, Water aud (iiLs Committee : Pi-oviucial Ineurauce Co. of Cannda, lOlh April. The Provincial Iiifstiraucc Coiapiuiy of Cnnada hereby (li'iii.i!:d from llio i-ity cf Toronto the fin' iMigine " Pioviuci.il " and ho*fore the commit- tee as it did, without much previous notice, the cnnimittce were not prepared to order the didivti-y of the engine, with- out being fully ;iware of all the eircum- etaiices eoiuieet.'d with the city coming into po.st'essioii of the machine, for Avhile tliej- wei'(> .'inxioufv timt the iimiir.nnce com- pany should be jimtly (h'alt with, yet they were very c.-uitious that the riglits of the city should be c;uvfully preserved. T'nder the cirenmstances, the matter was post{)oiied until further inquiry could be miidc into the matter, during which time the annexed notice was received, threatening to hold the city responsible for any d;iinage the company might suffer from the non-delivery of the engine. The information reciuired by your com- mittee has bceived, being the com- munication of the secretary of the Pro- vincinl Insurance Company in 1852, offer- ing the care of the engine to the city, and the fifteenth report of the Fire, Water and Gax C»>mmittee of the same yenr, accepting the charge, which are BubmittiMl for the informatiou aud action of the Council. Provincial Insurance Office, Toronto, 27th Dec. 1852. To Mr. James Ashfield. Chief Engineer City of Toronto Fire Brigade ; Sir,— You are aware that this com- pany has purchasi'd th(^ prize fire engine made by Mr. Perrv, of Montreal, .'ind I believe you ore also cliJise was made foi ding that powerful brigade of tlie city, therefore, to briu, Common Council, aware that the pur- the purjiose of .-ul- eiigiue to the fire ■. May I reciuest you, the matter before the and take such mea- eures as may be deemed necessary for the formcation of a comp.any, organized under and recognized by the proper municipal authority ol the city, aud in whose care, aa a part of the fire briga.. the engine, to be called the " Proviiici;-,, I shall be placed in the same manner th;| the engine of the British America surance Company has been done, imtJ di.iti'ly on your informing me that Biitl companv is in a state to take cha^ of it. (Signed) ED. G. O'BRIE^ Secretary.! Report of Standing Committee, jj 12th. 1853 : Youi committee, having had before tl the communication of E. G. O'Brien, ( leave to recommend that said engine 1 put in charge of one of the comtwnJ at present org.Tuized in ^''e fire brigaJ (Signed) GE, KGE PLATT, GEORGE BROOK, ED. WRIGHT .TAMES ASH: J| The Standing Committee on Fi- Water and Gas beg leave to presout ; report No. -t : The committee have had before tfj a communication from T. W. I'.iifl Esq., manager of the British Aiiitri Assurance Co., stating that an oil" $200 had been made by a distant v. eipality for the fire engine now in r^| session of the city, belonging to the t pany, known as the "British Ainciit,; and requesting that the engine may handed over to the compiiny or purelK.-j by the city for the sum of $200. Y j committee recommend that the engiii" returned to the British America AssJ ance Company. In 1800, according to the report nf ;;j| chief engineer of the fire department; that year, there were fifty-five fi: within the city limits, and of ti,\ eighteen were extinguished without aid of any of the fire engines. 01 ■ other thirty-seven the other two werOi tinguished with three streams of \va;| eleven with two streams, and tweiityfl with one strenm. The department «1 called out on unnecessary alarms twrj five times during the year. The tot.il on buildings and contents was about 5i| 000 protected by an insuraTice of $188,000. Fifteen of the fifty-five were attributed to inceniliary nrii:! TIk' re()ort goes on to say that tii'^ wiuj works (>xtended but to a small portii the city. There were no hydrants \ of Peter street, nor east of Nelson strJ on (^ui'eu si.rert. or south of it except ■( two of wi:ieh wire useless because of li' j on small mains. Nor were there any di-aiits north of Queen street except i on Yongo street, three on Church Htr I three on Gerrard street, four on Ai'l sti-eet, one on Don street, one on Slmj street, and one on Sayer street. Thet; immber of hydrants in the city was I II LAN D.MARKS OV TOIUJNTO. 595 about 12 of which were uselesH bocaiiHC of the liipos to which they were coniieet- (hI beiug so small, .mid the hydrants so far distant from the large mains that a fire engineer could not get a supply of water from auy of them. The engineer stated that since the \r- troduction of eteam fire engines in ^ ;c litv there had bceu nsed from the hy- drants in any one year three-fourths of a million gallons of water for extin^^uish- ing a fiiv. The quantity used during but two fire halls, one the Hay street, the other the Court street ; ami the total equii)uuMit of the fire department was three steamers, three hose carts, one hfKik- and ladder truck, one fuel wa^gou, seven horses ; the hook and ladder truck wn« liauli'd by one hor.se— and twenty- four hundred feet of rubber hose. The an- nual appropriation for running the de- partment, exclusive of the salary of the chief engineer, was .'P8,00(). Coniiinntinu; on tiie crude method of I 1 Nls' l"T' FIRE HALL NO. 9— DUNUAS STRKET, NEAR QT'KKN STUKKT— BUILT 1878. Jhc vear 1866 at the price paid, nt .$11 er 1,000 gallons nsed from the hydrants, »hile the ordinary charge for niivate ouBuraption was about thirty cents. He nrther adils that from the time hand Ingines were wholly disconlinued, in |862, up to 1.' 66, the whole engine power ed for CTtinguishing fires in the city ^ae two steam engines. In .Inly, 18(16, owover, a third Silsby steamer was oupflit for a reserve uginf, in ca.se accident or cmcrgciicy. There were sending in .•ui alarm then iu vogue the reiH>rt say.s : " Tlie belhs in I'.se for the purjiose of giving alarm on occanlnns of fin' in this city are not as effective as formerly, V'hen tU'' city could not boast of a*< many exte'isii-e blocks of jiigli buildings as at present. There is no lookout or watch kept at any of the engine or fire alarm Btation.s, and it often liappuas that fires do oceiii- for .vliich some of the pricicipal bells are not rung at all. Along with 1 li .' iil' III 590 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. this it may be noticed that thorp are many parts of the city in which, shonld a (ire break out, a mi'ssongcr, to convey the intelligence to the nearest engine or alarm station, may have to travel nearly two miles, and before reaching it, saying nothing of the shortest time possible to get the engines and other apparatus to the place of fire, the bnildiug where the fire originated, with all its contents, to- gether with other property adjacent thereto, may have been wholly de- Btroyed." While on dnty at a fire at Drunimond's' lumber yard on the east side of Tonge street, on .Inly 4th. lf>G6, Mr. William Charlton, .liSBistant engineer of the fire 0 a« a gratuitv for the loss of her husbajid. On May 2.^th, 18(57, the Council passed a by-law to provide for rewarding those who distinguish themselves at fires, as follows : I. That any person who shall in the dis- charge of Ilia duty as a fireman distin- guish himself in the performance of a gal- lant act by which life or property shall, or may be saved, shall be entitled to re- ceive rew.ard tliereof, either by presenta- tion of a medal or such pecuniary assist- ance as the cor|X)ration of the City of Toronto by the Council thereof may by resolution order or direct. II. Provides such pecuniary aid or as- sistance for the widows or orrih.ins of any firem.an who may receive his death, or such injuries as may lead to death, while in the discharge oi his duty. In April. 186G, T. W. Birchall, Esq., manager Tfritish America Assurance Companj', presented the city with one of Oyston's steam fire engine nozzles, for the use of the fire der):>rtment. On motion it was decided to accept said steam sprending nozzle, and tliat the thanks of the Cf)uncil are due, and are hereby ten- dered to the said company and others who have contributed towards furnishing same. At tlie end of ISOS the department con- sistt'd of one ciiief engineer and one assiKt- ant engineer, two engineers and two firemen of steam engines, on" caretaker of fifiparatus, and one fire company of tliirty-lour men niid nine supermimernry nuMiiliers. In all i'oi'ty-one men, exehisivo of the suiieriiumernry members nl' the fire compnny. The salaries per annum wi-re as follows : Assistant Kngineer $.'{00 Tlireo foremen of sections, eaeh 80 Thirtj'-one members of Fire Com- pnny, each 70 First engineer steam engine (iOO Second engineer of steam engine .'>0(t Two firemen steam engine, each 360 Caretaker, bellringer, etc .%(i The officers of the fire brigade were ■Tames Ashfield, chief engineer : lUchan! Ardagh, assistant engineer ; John C. Clapp, first engineer fire engine ; Job; Whitehead, second engineer fire engiiii' Thomafl Kerr, firenmn ; Thomas Graham, fireman ; Adam Keny, caretaker. In 1869 the netessity for a fire alarni telegraph was rejientedly urged upon tin Council, and a tender was received frur the Gamewell Company, of New York offering to do the work for $5,400, bn; no steps were taken in the matter. The chief engineer in his annual i,- ix)rt again brought the matter up, urgii,; that it is impossible for the fire depart- ment to render efficient service on occa- sions of fire, when the alarm is not runi! until long after the fire is started. How ever, nothiig was done in that directi at the time. In 1870 the fire alarm telegraph qw« tion was still urged upon the Council with the result that towards the end o the year tenders were invited for a sye t } torn of fire alarm telegraph, and th contract was .awarded to Messrs. Gam well & Co., of New York, the origin i tenderers. The price was $12,000, .an the contract was to have been complete ' on April 1st, 1871, but owing to som delay in getting material the system ^^a• not ready for use until June 14th, wh i it was tested by the Mayor and the Com \ mittee on Fire, Water and Gas, nii | found to work perfectly satisfactory. The contract with the American 1 1 Alarm and Police Telegraph CompaiiTl called for the erection of a tire alarug apparatus in the city of Toionto on ih following system of automatic telegrapli fire alarm : For the Central or Battery Station- j,^ One automatic electro-magnetic repoate' ' arranged for at least three independou circuits. Three galvanometers for iiid eating the exact strength of the eloctr current. Thrte lightning arresters k the iirotection of the apparatius. Oiitl mahogany table, upon which the fore^uicsl apparatus is to be proiHM'ly nrrangedj Sixtj' cui)s of the improved sulpnate c| copper battery. For the Signal St.ations— Tvi^nty cot-l tage-shaped cast-iron boxes, with liing';] (kK)r8 and combination locks. Five kevi| to each. Each station to contain tb necessary mechanism and electrical a-- rnngeincnts for indicating its exa:;| IcK-ality to the central station. For tlie Engine House Gongs— Tiir- electro-magnetic meelianical gong stiilwl gongs to be at leiust thirtei'ii inches diameter. Three small call bells fo;- ord:-! nary use, one each to be placed in t' f LAXDMAUKS OF TORONTO. 597 36ft 36(1 [C were lUcban! John C, ic ; John Graham, ?r. ire alarm upoutho ew York, ;,400, bm ,tter. .unual rr up, urging re depart- e on occa- a not n\\\i ted. How- t direct! . ■raph que? le Council the end o i for a BVii , and tl ssrs. Gam ;he origin 1 12,000, ill n complot ug to »«'I pyfitem \mi i4th, w\i [nd the Cci Gas, 111 .actory. loricau 1 1 Compnu tire alara ■onto on th' ic telegrapU^ ry Station- f tic repeate- indepcndot ;] ■re ior md fp\ the clocti r rosters u t$ ,aratiw. Ol»' the Jor''„oic{ n rr auged i fluir'iate til Tv-onty cct| ■with hinS'';l Five keyiF eontain tlj ^ectrical a:| its oxii itiou. GoiiRs— 'nirj front; Stl'it'j ^M'U inehi>? •■ bollH hr.- ord'rj pliiccd in t': chief engineer's office, the enpine house on Court etreet and Fireman's Hall. For the Signal and Alarm Circuits— A gufficient quantity of the beet quality annealed galvanized iron wire to connect the various signal boxes, etc., with the central station in three completely metal- lic circuits (said quantity not to exceed 10 miles). All the poles used to be of The Fire Conimitti'o further urged the necessity of providing additional fire engines, with a view to the want ex- perienced in the east end of the city being also supplied, by the location of an engine in some convenient locality in St. David's Ward. The committee were of opinion, witli ret!,;!rd to sucli further supply of engines, that the insurance HBE HALL NO. 10— YORKVII.LR AVENUE — BUILT 1876 — ANNEXED TO CITY 1883. nd timber, not leas than thirty feet g, nor less than four inches in diame- at the top, firmly set in the ground least four feet. The average time to Immunicate a general alarm is within reuty seconds. For the work the city Toronto to pay the aforesaid sum of f,400 Canada money, in cash, on the mpli'tion of tlie work to the satisfaction tliL' uaid fire di-partment couuuittee. companies should bear a portion ox the expence of the same, and intend bringing the matter before those institutions. Two sites were also purchased by the city this year (1870j for the erection o! fire halls and the old fire hall on Berkeley etreet was altered and enlarged so as to make it suitable for a station in the east end. The Bay street hall was also remodelled and enlarged. New halls were ill f I ,1'i i:!i i'} 598 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. built on Portland ctr<'et, onat side, corner of Little lliciiniond stvoot (now Farley avenup), an. The fire engine which had been ioned at the Portland street fire hall 'ns sold to the municipality of Lanark ir $1,200. The Kuijjolued is a portion of a by-law Ing the fire brigade shall be under the direction of the ehief of the brigade sub- ject to instructions from the said oom- I mittee ; but at every fire the chief of the fire brigade, or other the senior officer of the brigade who may be present, shall have sole control over all members of the brigade aud all persona engiiged at any fire, aud over all the engines and ;ippai- 600 LAlSiDMAllKS OF TORONTO. i,:'l I h' atus beloiiKing thoreto duriug any fire ; and any piMSon who shall refuse or ne- ploct to oboy any legal order of tlie said chief of the fire brigade at or during any fire, or other the senior officer present at any fire shall be subject to the penalties of this by-law. Section VII.— In the absence of the chief of the brigade the senior officer of the brigade who may be present, and in case no officer is present, the senior foreman Rhall have the jiowers and perform the duties of the chief. On the re-organization of the fire de- partment in 1878 Richard Ardagh was made cliief of the brigade, the real post of i-e8i)onsibility in the department. Though not so long in the service, Mr. Ardagh was one of the oldest firemen in the city. Forty years ago when but fif- teen years old, he joined the Toronto hook and ladder company. Afterwards for seven years he was captain of the Union hook and ladder company once known as the " Wreckers." He was first foreman of the brigade when assistant engineer William Charlton was killed at a Yonge street fire, and on his death he succeeded to his position, which he held for fifteen years. In 1878 three additional hose stations had been added, No. 7 on Beech street (.now Wilton c^venue), oaat of Parliament, No. 8 on College street, corner of Belle- vue avenue, and No. 1> on Dundas street, near the corner of Queen Btreet. In 1879 James Ashfield continued chief engineer, Richard Ardagh having been raised from first assistant engine.^r to chief of brigade. The number oi fire aiarm telegraph signal boxes had been increased to one hundred and forty-t vo. The salaries of the officers of the fire brigade were fixed by by-law in the early part of 1879, as follows : .Tames AHhfield, chief engineer $ 800 Richard Ardagh, chief of brigade... 1,000 Thomas Graham, aesistant chief of brigade 650 Donald Giheoii, fciuperintendent fire alarm telegraph 800 Albert Gilbeit, assistant suporin- dent fire alarm telegraph 600 Foremen of sections, each 550 Ordinary firemen, each 480 During the year 1879 the brigade was called out one hundred and fifty-six times ; there were one hundred and ten fires and tlilrty-jsix unnecessary alarnis. The total amount of losses on buildings, merchandise and furniture is estimated at $194,328,. and the aggregate amount of insurance thereon $451,525. In 1880 tliere were one hundred and seventy-aix alarms of fii'e, sixty-seven nf which were iiiineee.ss;iry. 'I'he total amount of los^i's on Iiuililiiigs, inerciKuulise and furniture is estimated at $61,022, and the aggregate amount of insurance thereon $143,560. Three firemen, Thomaa Doughty, Frank Forsyth and Martin Kerr earned a testi- monial from the Council for their heroigis displayed at a fire in the Revere block on 3rd December, when they rescued sev. eral of the inmates of the premises in a more or less burned and suffocated con- dition, and wno would have inevitably perished but for the noble efforts of those 1 brave men. Early in that year the salvage eervicf I was discontinued, the members of tiie salvage corps being transferred to tV new hook and ladder section established | at the Portland street station. In order to give the fire brigade mow I control over the streets during the pro gress of a fire, this by-law was passed November Ist, 1880, to amend by-law entitled " A by-law for the organization j and management of the fire department" " It shall and may be lawful for the chiel| engineer or the chief of the fire brigade, or other officer in charge at any fire, in| his discretion to declare and to cause ann highway, street, lane, public place or' square, or part thereof, to be closed v. all wheeled or other vehicles, includiifj street cars, between any two cro;'| streets or points, in such manner and fo such time during the progress of any tire I as he may see fit, so as to prevent ii,-| jury to the hose and other apparatu£ b^- longing to the department, and no perl son shall enter upon any portion of anv street, lane, public place or square duriug I the time the same shall be so declareiil closed, and closed as aforesaid, with m\ such vehicle or street car, without ii curring the penalty of this by-law." In 1881 the brigade was called out on- f hundred and sixty-five times. There wer one hundred and thirteen fires and fifty i two unnecessary alarms. The losses bjl a large number of the fires were verj| trifling. The total amount was only $ 563, which speaks highly for the worliinjl of the brigade, which must have been eiT tremelj- j>rompt in its action on occasioBil of fire. The insurance on property dam- aged or destroyed amounted to $168,84i| In 1883 Mr. Ashfield was still engineer. Mr. Ardagh chief of the brigade and Mr I Thomas Graham assistant chief. Thor'l were one hundred and forty-eight firJ alarm boxes and now stations located a;! in 1878. Of engine house No. 1, AieiT Auohinc!o9s was foreman ; of No. 2 1 Charlton and Joseph Davis, foremen : X: I 3 Samuel Townley, foreman ; No. 4 Jnh:| Noble V No. 3 Charles Smedley and Will iiam Villiers : No. 6, Frank Forsyth I No. 7, Janii's Thompson; No. 8, Frauil Smith ; No. 9, Henry Leach ; No. li'T W- LAN'DMAHKS OF TORONTO. COl imisefl in a Dcated con- inevitably rts ol thoi'e John Robinson and J. Mc(iownn foremen. The villnKC of Yorkville was (innoxed to the city in 1883, and the fitation on York- villc avenue was equipped with a hook aud ladder and hoae section. The chief officera of the deportment re- mained the same with the addition of Joseph Davie, assistant chief for the west Bide of the city, and John Thompson as- sistant chief for the east side. Early in 1884 a now chemical engine the IJrock avenue hall were transferred to the new liuilding. In 1885 the strength of the department, according to the chief engineer's annual report, wa«— Officers and members, 75, including the superintendent of the firo alarm telegraph and his assistant. The nnnibt>r of fire alarm boxoH was 154, all of which were in good working order. The chemical engine was spoken very highly of. With it 17 of the fires of the FIRK HALL NO. 12 — BOLTON AVKNUK— TiCILT 1884. was procured from the Fire Extinguisher Manufacturing Company of Canada for |2,500. This had been needed for a long time by the department and was extreme- ly useful in preventing some very bad fires. The next year No. 13 was added, at the corner of Brock avenue and Dundna street, Samuel Townley being foreman. In 1895 a new double hall wag erected on Dundae street, near St. Clarens avenue, and the men and appliances stationed at year were extinguished without the aid of any other apparatus and with very little loss. The brigade wtia called out to fire duty 208 times. The losses by fire, as ascertained, were $281,563, and the several insurances on property de- stroyed or damaged amounted to $429,- 950. A large proportion of the losses was moi'e than covered by insurance, and only three of the fires wore of the claiss in- volving heavy loss. ill I 602 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. In 1885 tho miiiibt'r of H'.gnal boxe^ Imd hQcreoHcd to 174. In ISSO two niort' linsi! ■tatJoiiH hiid litM'u lultlcd— No. 11, at tin- Corner of Roue avpiuic and Ilowiird stn'ot, CliarK's Ard.i^li forcinnii; No. 12, on I'ol- toii Hvcnuo, William Biowuc. foriMuan. The tn<«t iiiipoitant (lucstioii befon- the Cominittoi' on Fiie and Gan in lWH(i wna the purchasi' of a now and improved sya- tein of fire al.ann telegraph apparatus complete, to replace the one then in iiHe. which had been found uni'eiialili' on sev- eral occasions. After cousiderinR Ihc mat- in 1S87 tlie followinp by-law was pas«. ed to i»rovid(' for tho government of tho Toronto Fire I'rigade (Passed Januar? 31st. 1S87). Duties of Chief of Department. To have control and direction of his bureau of Kupplii's and light, and of all clerks nHHigned to duty therein. Be re- Bponsible to the Committee on Fire awl OaM for tlie conduct and management of hi» bureau. To receive the daily and order reportu and rcturiiB from tho Chief of lirigade and keep an accurate record is !;i:i .'!■'! if KIRE HALL NO. 14— -OSSTNnTON AVKNUE, NKAR RLOOR STKKl'.T— BCILT 188S. ter fully, and getting all necessary in- formation on the subject, tho whole of Uie apparatus was purchased from the Gamewell Fire Alarm Company, of Boston, who origiuallj' constructed tho first fire alarm system in Toronto. The whole of the new system wa* in working order by June, 1887. The brigade Wius called ont 274 times in 1886. The amount of loss by fire wa.s $280,902, on which the insurance was $1,164,163. The I.oinbiinl utreet fire hall, which waH built in 1S80, is styled the Central fii-c liall. convenient form for reference of all busi- ness tfnnsaetod in his bureau. To pur- chase all supplies required and forwanl Sfime on being properly vouched for to tho committee for payment. To issue all t^iip- plie.s on reciuisition from the other depart- ments. Duties of Chief of Brigade. To keep an accurate record of all fin'< occurring in thi.s city and opera ti'ms thereat, or elsewhere, when called ont nf tho city. To attend all fii"o,s and liav» sr.ine extinjrnished with tho least possitili' damage to life and proporty and prevt'iit LANDMARKS OF ToKoXTO. OlJ.S ,.,,ii(-C('s«iir.v diinmfrc l).v water at firi-a. 'I'll ciiiiKi' nil HOftioiiH luit iiOfdoil at I'iri'H to pKiiiiplly return to (niarter«. To 111:1 ke offifiiil reports of IiIh .'iclioim ami that of the tiffieers and uieniberH under his coni- 11)11 nd when necenflary. To have power, aud it nhall be hi« duty, to dwuolUh buildinpf and parts of buildings which, in his jiidixnieiit, niifrht cauwe further (laiiiM>re to life or pro|K'rty, or which, in his judfjaieut, it may be necessary to de- iiuilish to prevent the spread of fire. To prcHuptly report to the Coniiiiittee 011 Fire uiiil tins any officer or member who can- not perforin full duty in the dopctiag to wear his uniform while or. duty shall be liable to fine, sus|)ensioa or diauiissal. The chief of brigade and assistant chiefs, fore- men and all members of the brigade shall give their whole and undivided time to the brigade duties Every man of the force will be liable to suspension for the following offences :— Disobedience to orders. Being in a state of intoxication. Insolence in word or manner. Violent or eoaise language or be- haviour. Neglecting duty. Frequenting taverns. Interference in elections, municipal or parliamentary, except for the purpose of exercising their own franchise. tjualificatiou for Membership. That hereafter all ikm-sous appointed to membership in the uniform force shall pi>e- eess the following qualifications :— No person shali be appointed to the fire brigade or continue to hold membership therein who is not a subject of i.ireat. Britain, or who has ever been convicted of a crime, or who cannot read or write undei'standiugiy in the English language. They shall not be less thaai ."> feet 7 inches in height. 13r» pounds weight and .''S inches in circumference of chest (quies- cent.) They shall not be more than tiiirty years of age. Deception or attempt at decepticm shall be cause for rejection. Before being appointed they shall pass the medical officer and be tested by the eliief of bii-iiuie 111 cliiiiiiing l.iddei-, h.niii- ling appnratus and performing all ui'ces- tiary (luties incident to the duties to be performed, and receive a certificate of qualification from both officers. In 1887 the fire brigJidi' was increaiied to eighty-one men, iiiclnding officera, divided into seventeen sections : thirteen sections of branch and hose men, three sections of book and ladder men, and one section of the chemical engine. There Were three steam engines in use, betiidee 1 m 4 Pi i'!l 604 LANDMARKS OF TOllONTU. tho cliomirnl «MiKiii« iiud all otiior nppar- ittUH ii(>t'('»iMar.v for tho (■xtiiiguiHhiitK of t'iri'K. Then- won* JJOS flri'H uu«l iiliirinH tluriiig 1H.S7, on whic-h tlu^ airgrogato lo«HP8 Wert" $78,085, covorpd by $0a8.U9. At the 011(1 of 1888 two of th« stPiun firp oiiRiHea were put out of comniisnion. Ill tliiit .vi'ar the bri>?inlo nuBwered to tliroi! hundred annii»oi:^ite police and fire fltatiou was erected ou Osaington avenue, ituinediatel.v north of Hlonr Hlreet, to affoiil |)iotectiou to the icfideuts of ing officer, and Mr. John McGowan H<'cr».| tary of tiie department. During thin y,< the force of m» a wuh again iucreti*,,,] I there Ix'ing nim-ty-five olfieera and nu'i I bcHides the driveiH. The apparatus \vni| alout tho same, with the excejrtioii i/ the Btoam engines, all of which wore out! of commi*wion at tlie end of tho yoar | Tlie number of calls was three hundr..; II Mil seventeen : tlie Ioshos by firo wir ^'134,700, and the insuranco aniounti'i] t alout .$l,0in,13S. Tiie town of Parkilal. having become annexed to tho city in 188J), the lioBO reel station ou Cowm i avenue wa«j continued iw part of ttl RICHAnD AHDAail, CHIKK TORONTO FIRE BRIOAnK, 18S{)-95. ^i\i that nei,rhtourhood, which, us the village of Dovercourt, had been annoxod to the city during that year. A hose section was first established, and in 189.j a hook and ladder eectiou was added. lu the early part of 1SS9 Mr. Richard Ardagh was iiromoted to Ix^ chief of the fire department, an office wiiieh he had really held for eome years, as Mr. James Aahfield had been relieved from active duty some time before. The offices of chief of tiie fire brigade and chief eu- guieer of the department were abolished, and Mr. James Ashficld became purchas- city's fire fighting eysteni. Ou June 15th, 1S90. Mr. James Ashfif who had been chief engineer of the i department for many years and p; chaMiug officer after retiring from ncti duty, died at his residence, 24 Shut:«, street, aftr-r a painful illness. He fir':j joined the volunteer brigade in 1839, waij elected captain in 1846 and chief eugiuei'r! in 1851. During the yv .r the brigade rea|)onii-] ed to three hundred and eiglity-five cal an increase of sixty-eight over the yi'a:5 1889, or an excess of twenty-one per coutf ,-v ni LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 0O.T Gowan wcr^. iug tliw yoiiv in iucrea48(..|] Tfl and nin parntns wai oxcei>tion r, ich wort! ouij of tho ypar ( iroc huudn. )y fire wer | aniouiitod t of Piirkilal. tho city i; <>u Cowiii j I)art o£ tt lies Ashfip]'' r of the f, '8 aud pi from ncti , 24 Shut: I es. Ho first [ in 1839, wi-i! hief cugiik'rj^' ITho nioat dostructivo firo wiih tliat at Ithi' Uuiverflity, whicli did daiiiaj?!' to the lexU'iit of $3(>3.700. Tho total amount of |lo«H hy fin- duriiiK the year was .'9487,180, liiiiliidiiin the Univeraity firo. Tim iiwur- Biiie oil jiro|H>rty destroyed or diiinnKod iw,i« $1,1^'4,473. Except for tlie Univor- liitv fin", llie loHH was far loss duiinp thiH { jytiir thnu it had boeu for aoiae your I previous. to 15 yen I'M. From 15 to 2<> yenrs at thft rale of l.i dayw' pay for caeh year's Hcr- viee. From 20 years and npwardw at the rate of one nioiilli'H pay for eacli year'n t«»rviCB conipleteil. Any nu'iul)er worn out in the serviee after 10 years and np to 15 yonrH, Hhall reeeive a Rratuity of 20 days' pny for each year's eervico com- pleted. FIRE n.MA. NO. 13— nnocK avknue, nkar Drs:n.\s strekt— r.uiLT 1S85. Ill 1890 a by- w was passed to create and establish i >■ Toronto Fire Super- anuuat 11 and Benefit Fund, which pro- vided .a folio vvB :— kn} member resigning in good health I after one year's service and up to 10 i years shall be entitled tr "eceire the amount he has contributed to the fund, , Any member resigning in good health j after 10 years service shall receive a : gratuity, to be calculated ii ;, the rate of [10 days' pay for each year's eervico up After 15 and up to 20 yeais a gratuity calculated at the rate of one month's pay for each year's service. After 20 years and upwards a pension for life at three-eighths of his pay. In case of injury iu execution of duty, five years service and under, one-fifth pay for life ; five to ten years, one-fourth pay for life ; ten to fifteen years' service, liiroe-eighths pay for life ; fifteen to twenty years' service, one-half pay for life. 11 60C LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Towartl.s tlip f'.nid i\n' Citv rouncil coii- ti'ihutod $10,000 nii'l U<" niciulKTM of tlu- bii'riido wiTi' tlKr'\vl't('i' .isscski-J month- ly \wo pf>r rent, nf the t;ros« amoiiiit of llii'ir wiigcs. All '!oii;iti:)iis :iii(l prutuities from limo to time frivi'ii by citizens or corj)or(i lions to or for tlic boiiofit of the fi.'o brifrt'dc ."iiiil ih' [ii-occimIs of all fiiu'8 wliich from time to tiiiu' iiiiiy be imposed ui»on f liricks by the falling outv.nrd of the " (ilobe " wall, and sustained injuries which prov- ed fatal a few hiHirs afterwards. Chief Ardagh also sustained iujurii'« at the same fire which terminated fatal- ly. .Mong with two foremen he was iii. specting premisee on Jordan street, ami becomiUg hemmed in by a solid wall of fhune, the three men jumped for their lives into the lane running behind tlii' " Globe ' office and extending from M- liiula to Wellington streets. Chief Ar- dagh Avas very seriously injured. Fium the outset liis physicians eutertaiiR'd t.iight bi;p'9 o' his recovery and he suc- cumbed to the effect of his terrible injur- ies on Sunday, January 27th. In cousiqueuce of the death of Chief Ar- dagh a number of changes were render- ed jH'remptory in the command of the bri- gad", end the following promotions were made. To be chief— Thomas (Iraham, fi.; merly deputy-chief ; to be deputy chi»I, Ji>liu Thompson, formerly assistant chiel for the east end ; to be assistant chief, William Villiers. formerly loremau of the Court street hose section. Two new i>owerful steam fire engines were purchased, one from J. D. Ronald of Brusw'ls, Out., for $5,000. and the other from the Merryweather Steam Fire Eii- gint> Company, of Greenwich, England, tor i$7,000. The old J. B. Boustead, whio'u had been placed out of commission, was repaired at an expense of $1,800 and again brought into rcfjuisition. The Coun- cil also purchased from the Fire Extin- guisher Company of Chicago, one iraprm- ed " Champion " water tower at a cost of $6,800. The brigade was also strength- ened bv the addition of two hook and ladder waggons, stationed at the Ossing- ton avenue and liolton avenue station*', and a chemical engine which was put into commission at the Portland street hall. The numerical strength of the bri- gade was also increased. The fire brigade in 1S05 was compt«Oil of 132 officei-s and nu'u and driveiiii. There were thirty-six horses, eleven single horse hose carts and waggons anil four two hci-se hose wa logons, one B;ili- cock aerial turntable luK'k aurl huMtr truck, five hook and ladder trucks, (mo double cylinder chemical engine, one combination double cylinder chemical fire engine and three steam fire engines and one "Champion" water tower. These uieu, horjscs and eiinipnu'iits were divided amon,'j;st fifteen hose sections, five hunk and ladder sections, and one chemical engine section, stationed at the several fire balls, of which there were fifteen, nf follows : At l!ay Street Fire Ilall-Foreman ei hose section, Joseph lyamb ; three nieiii- bt'rs of hose section, one driver of lue^' cart, one one horse hose carl, one foreniai LANDMARKS OF 'I'OKOXTO. L-nl driver nt 01 ciKMiiicni on'',iiio soft ion, one driver clu'iiiK'al tMiK'"" '>iiU two men, one double fvliiider choiiiicnl oiigine, one uteiiii' fire oii"iiie, oupineei, fireiunn iiud driver. At rnrtland Street Fire Hall, West End .\ssist;int Chief, Joseph D.ivih ; foremnn of ho.-e nection, William Ashfield ; throe 607 der trnek, coinp'.'te with ladde.'s, etc., ono steam fin oiiniiio. At Yonrre Strcot Fire Hall, North End Asf^istant Chief, William Villiers ; foreman of hose eection, W. W. Fox ; three mem- bers of hose Boctiou, one driver of hose waggon, one two horse haee waggon. TKNTRAL KIRK H.W.h, I.dMHAUO STRKKT — KRKCTKn 18S6. membere of hose section, one driver of hMP cnrt, one combination double cylinder iliomical engine and driver ; foreman of No. 2 hook and ladder eection, II. Irwin ) pifrht members of No. 2 hook and ladder (HHliou, one driver of No. 2 hook and lad- der ti'UCk, one two hor«o hook and lad- At Berkeley Street Fire Hall— Foreman ol hose Hoction, John C. Noble ; three mem- bers of hose Beetion, one driver of hose cart, one one horse hose cart. At Lombard Street Fire Hall— Deputy chief, John Thomiwou ; foreman rf how^ section, W. J. Swift ; three members of ii 1 inf a %\d 608 LANDMARKS OF TOROXTO. hofle flection, ouo driver of lioso cart, one oiie-horse hoso cart. Forpinau of hciok and ladder section No. 1, W. .(. Smith ; ten members of hook and ladder section No. 1, one driver of hook and ladder truck, one two-horse ladder truck, complete; one Babcock aerial turn-table hook and ladder truck and extension ladder, complete, of ha-ic section, W. A. Auchiucloes ; thiO' members of liose section, one driver of bosi- cart, one one-horse hose cart. At Wilton Avenue Fire Hall— Foreiua.i oi hose flection, Frank Smith ; three members of hose section, one driver of host cart, one one-iiorso hose cart. At Dundas Street Fire ITall— Foreman FIRK HAUj no. 15 — rOVVAN AVKNUK— imiLT 18S0 — ANNKXKD TO CITV 18S9. with ladders, hooks, axes, door (hhmu'I'S, crow-bars, lamps, etc.; one driver of aerial tnirk and one tiller man : one " Champion '' -watiM- tower, and on" sti'am fire engine, enjjineer, fi'enmn Jinl driver. At Queen Street Fire Hall— F<)rein.in of liose (Section, Frank I'orsyth ; tliree mem- bers oi hose section, one driver of liose Bectior., one two-hor.> section, A. Charlton ; three nk'm- of hose section, one driver of liiisc one one-horse hose cart, liose Avenue Fire Ifall— Foromaii i section, C. 0. Arda.gh ; three nieiii- of hose section, one driver of lie- one ono-horse hose cai't. I'olton Avenue Fire H.all— Forenia:. ise section, .lames Aslitield ; foinniei!- of hos(! section, one drivei' ef !.' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 609 waggon- one two-borsp hose •waggon, one hook and ladder waggon equipi)ed and munnod, witli W. A. Jirown foreman. At Yorkville Avenue Fire Hall— Fore- man of hook and ladder section No. 3, Cb'arl''* Sniedley ; seven members of hook aud ladder sectiou No. 3, one driver of Lose eectiou, Robert Thotapeon; three members of hoee section, one driver of ho«e waggon, one one-horse hoae waggon. At Oflaiugton avenue fire hall— Forem.ao of hose section, \\. Selioalea, three mem- bers of hose section, one driver of hose waggon, one one-horse haie waggon; fore- M R^ bock and ladder Irnck, one two-horse hook man of hook and ladder sectiou, No. 4, i'vaiid ladder tria-U, I'oiiiplete : fdreman of itfh(«.«'' fcX'Ction, Jdliu Smith ; three nu'iiiiu'rs [01 hose eeetion, one driver of hose cart, poiio two-honse hotio e;irl. At Brock avenue fire liall— Fovimiwui of .T on the north-east corner of Ade- l:iidi' rtrc't !Uid Stoteshnry's lane, a short distance east of the iireweut post-office building. William Cheilton. assistant chief of the volunteer brigade, died on .Inly 10th, ISC.O. from the effect of injuries received on July 4th of the same year at a fire ou the east side of Yonge street nearly op- pot-ite Trinity square. James Kidd, killed September 17th, 18U9, at a fire on the north-east cornc of Queen .and Esther streets. James Phillips, foreman of N'o. 4 section, died September mth, 1S7!), from illness cieatnicted while working at a fire in Da vies' packing house, caused by inhal- ing the fumes of burning saltjietre. ■\\iliiam Ashfield, brother of James Ash- firld, died October 5, 18S0, from injuries received at a fire in Benrd's elevator. Thomas Charters died Ai>ril 14th, 1881, liom injuries sustained while working at a fii-e in Hamilton's foundry. Jifhn Davis died July 10th, 1884, from injuries received by the overturning of a h-s*' reel while answering an alarm of fire. Albert Gilbert was killed July 16th, 1S84, by the collapse of ihe roof of a burning stable at the corner of Parlia- ment and Sydenham streets. Thomas Evorist, killed April 24. lsi)0, by falling through an elevator shaft in Pejir.s' spice mill on the corner of Yonge and Alexander street durinr ihe progress of a fire iu the building. Robert Ilowrey, killed January 0. ISO,"), under a falling wall at the (llobe fire. Richard .\nlagh. Chief of the Fire Rri- g:i(k, died January 27 from injuries sus- tained at the rocession was very lengthy, th' route taken being by Gerrard, Jarvi'. Bloor and Yonge streets, to Mount Plea- sant Cemetery. The following is a complete roll t: the Toronto Fire Brigade ou Septembe: 1st. 1S!».-):- Officei'.s— Thomas Graham, chief ; John Tl uipvson, a.ssistant chief ; Joweph Davii;. W'l.t District chief; Wm. Villiers, NortL District chief ; Donald Gibson, sujx'rin- tendent fire alarm telegraph ; John S Craig, assistant sui)orintendent fire alarii; telegraph ; IL J. McGowau, secretary r>\ depfirtment. Chemical Engine No. 1, Bay aud Tern- LAND.MARKH OF TORONTO. 611 [jcrancc streets— Robert Hunter, foreninii; ^•. Swoetmau, Thomas Graydon, John Ward, hosemen ; Arthur Lucas, (Iriver ; Thomas Doughty, caretaker and mes- senger. HoBC Section No. 1, Bay and Tern|)oi-- ancc streets— Joseph Lamb, foroman ; Thomas Spence, David Hcddick, Alfred Potter, hoeemen ; I. Cluff, driver. Hoee and Chemical Soctioii No. 2— W. KtrL-et— W. J. Swift, foreman ; S. Price, Robert Green, Thom;ia (Wbett, D. M<;- Leun, hosemen ; Alfred Everist, driver. Hose Section No. 6, John and Queen streets— Frank Forsyth, foreman ; Janes Forsyth, Moses Thom|won, James Gordon, W. Crawford, hortoitien ; D. Nolan, driver. Hose Section No. 7, 220 Wilton avenue— F. Smith, foreman; Robert H. Sargent, W. C. Patterson, George Worrell, hose- TnOMAS GRAHAM, CHIEF OF I!RI(!ADE, APPOINTED 1895. F, Ashfield, foreman ; A. TV. Smith, W. J. Farley, H. Atkinson, Joe. Sponee, ho^e- mn ; H. Hamilton, driver. Hose Section No. 3, 487 1-2 Youge Ptrf'ct— W. W. Fox, foreman ; James J. Crrigiiton, Thomas R. Join'w, Thomas ,T. Poiutou, hosemen ; David Gordon, driver. llrxse Section No 4, Duke and Rerkeley slrrots— John C. Noble, foreiujin; Wm. I'riiwford, .John Coulter, James Harris, hw.'iiiru : A. Gates, driver. Uo(Su Section No. 5, IID Louibanl men; George Sinclair, driver. Hose Section No. S, cotner Collej^e street anil I'olli'vue avciiue— W. A. AuchcneilosB, fi>reni;i '; Airiuliahl Crawford, Gi'irffi Kiuff. U. AtMn'f:;i' Wilkei, liosemen; H. W. llatKon. flrivcr. Hi se Si'<'tion Xn. 10, 2i) Yorkville .nviMni'i ni -ji>i i:i >iml'i. foieni'Mi: 1'.. Pol la id, Fred. : i il} ■h : i u ^K. til2 LAXD.MAI^KS OF TORONTO. Mil igaii, William I/i.wi'ence, liosenipu; \Vi liiun Aldou-i. driver. !:<»«! Swtioii Sii. 11, 170 ItoMO Jivciiin — Cli irU'S O. Ardiigli. luroiii'iii; Thomas l)<'.'i- «o!i, William N. ("ro'i-*, W. Collard, liose- ineii: Edward Hill, driver. Ilosc .Section No. 12. corner r.olto.i and Allen avenues— .T. S. Aslifield. toremiaii; .lames Coiike. ,Tohn I^yn'ii. Henry .loiies, J. I'allo:!, Iio-omen: Jolin Hatkin, driver. Hose Section No. 13, 31S IJrock iiveime — H<)tiert Til iinpson, foreman: .Tosepli (.'ol- lard, .lame-: IJrenuan, Mii'hael Teedj-, hoH'- nion; K. (iikson, driver. llo«e Section No. 14, Orioington avenue .Mild J!lo,)r street— Richard SchoaleM, foic- anan; Henry Li.'icli, Alexander Auehen- do-is. Thomas Ewart, hoseuieu; ^Jnuics Jone^^. driver. Flose Se<-tion No. 15. rowan nvpiiue and Queen .street — H. G. Ford, foreman; C. S. V. Toplis, \V. II. Quinn. T. Jy. Ccuuolly, lio««Mnen; W. T. Stevemon, driver. J look and Ladder .section No. 1, and Acri;il Tnrn-t;i.ljle Truck No. 1, Lotit- bar-t lilcli liAN liappf*ne«l In Toronto since i|. Fonndatlo>i. Since the days when Governor SImeoo's tent arose beside the placid waters of Toronto bay, there have been mauy changes in the congeries of houses which has followed the first uauvas dwelliin; 1 ■laces. In the down-to\vu district there are few sites which have not been, at some tiim; or other, tinder the sway of the flarao king that was consuming the buildiiiRs that stood upon them. In the old days the fire ai)plian('i's were primitive ami inelfieient. In 1N3S, according to tlic lirilish Colonist newspaper, the city pos- Hi'sseti a volunteer fire brigade, with oini engine, probably of the old " break 'cr douii " type, and two hook and ladder companies, with hose carts. The rcti;u- l.ars stationed in the city gave nssistaiuo at all fires of any magnitude. The liiiii- manding officers were invariably willing that their men should turn out and ,ii(i the citizens in their work of subdiiiti!,' the fl;unes. It is recorded in the I'.ritish Colonist, of ISiW, that in October of ili!,t year a fire broke out in a dwelling; ii, till' western outskirts of the city. Tli- regul.'irs " doubled " to the blaze and li;id the flames extinguished, by m'.'aii- of buckets filled from the lohn Str.'ichan, of York, to P^'si• I dent Thomas .loffcrsou, they are spoke: | of as being "two elegant halls witli cnn- venient offices," and Dr. Scaddiug (fe<| scribes them as "having consisted of twf separate edifices or halls." They vc- united by a covered iuu*sase or CDie:;- landaiakks of tdkonto. (;i3 ote !»> rkn! > full and that are a Is of th" ins 111 illKV OtllOf par- ;a uw tl;u vas iu th'' 1 I the Am- ; tlh> towi; llieir dutv liuss, the ll'UtS onn- iifi's WiT'' lin & VITJ tlK! ^IHlt roet. la the • iuiii •cd it able Arch- ;, to Vm\- aro ^:lloke: < with COD' iddiuff (Je- sted 0*: tw Tlu^y wer- i or co\'.- ii;i(lo and iiad b"(Mi built about --♦-vi'iitRMMi vcar.f. wliiMi tlii'y wiTi' luinii'il ua that rtiefl nicniorabilis for York and it.s in- >,;,l)itaii1« April 2Stli. 1S1;{. I'roiii 17f'-'<. wln'ii till- <-it,v was fdimdod. until 111'' latti-i- '•Iwi-ntic-i" ami larl.v ■•llilrtii'.'*," ii'\v.si>a])i'r-! wi-r- K'aiit lo.'.i in qii;nitit.V and in (|iiality, and \ii' liavi- -CMircly any rccoi'd^ n; what fii-i-s. if ,-,tiy tlii'i-c won;, which toik plac" in York ,,i'"its iinincdiati' nciLviili'mrlKJod. On the lost day but om- of tli" yrar 1S24: tht'* at'coud Parlianicnt biiildiiiKM whicli liad lii'iMi I'l'i't'lrd on the saii;(' ;.iti' as tlKW di'.stroyiMl in lsi;t, wort' ontindy (leairoyt'd by fin', "but this limo," ways Dr. Scaddinu:, "not by tin- lianil of nil invailiiifl fo'. but by a fin- orii;'inatiiij,r in Mil ov(M-li";iti'd flue." Tlii> Io^^m was o.^tiinatcd at C2.()00 or .$S.0O0. Thf fnr- nilun" and library, such as it Wius. wen- ■;:ivrd. but (Soiuo papers and jfiiirna'.s iHM-ish"d. (Ill 'lliiiifsdny. Scptcnibor 27, 1S27. tho Man-iian House Ilotid. whi<'h was untcii- anti'd, and nix other hou-cs. occnpied by Mi's>rs. M(X)re, Niolioi, Hunter. Pati'i''k. Ihitoliinson and Mi's. lici'ry. were entirely (li'Stroyed. The Mauion llnusc w;is on the iKii'tli 'siile o:' Kiiiu; street, ail I'liaini.'; th" north- west <'oruer of that tlioi(iUi;ii{are with Princess street. Of the other suf- ji'i-i-rs it i^ not jiossible to p,"iv(' .-iny i.^tv- ;ic'iihu'S. A small fire took pla/.'e May .",(), l.S2!>. in til'" cabinet workslmp- of a Mi'. (Jilbi-rt. on Newgate street. It caused coasidi'r- alile daiiiago. Early ia the euiutner of 182'.). the lii-'- toric residrnce of the fir-t Licuteiiant- Govcnio;'. (ieueral Siniooi'. was bi;r;ied t<> tlio ground. (';i.stlo Frank, for m> the liou-se wa.'. called, was on the western lauk of the Don, at the northern erd of Pavliinient .street. It WJis not in use at th'" time of its destruction, anil w;is sup- [losod to have becu set on fire by some {isiioriiien. On Saturday. August Srd, 18;?'?, the [sti'aiuer Canada was p.-irlially burned iwliile lying at Feehau'.s wharf. The .flames were di-covered by her nia.ster. ICaptiuu Richardson, and after about half ]au hoiir'H work they were subdued by the ii re menu On the morniijg of January 31. 18:14, tin store of A. Maodonald, auetioneer mil com miss ion merchant, on Kinu' street, ivas totally destroyed. The loss was largo, acdouald only being insured for a small .mouat The luoriiinff of February 22n(l. 1834, 'ork witiu'.Hscd a fire, which, to ipiote the 'atiiot, was a "conflagration more ex- leiLsive ;ind calamitous than it had hitli- i-to fiulfcntd." It broke out .-iboiit one •'clock, on tUe east side of Yonge street, nearly opposite Mi'. Ket<'huin's honsp. on the north-west coiner of ^ oiige and Ade- laid' streets. It destroyed the dwellinus of Kay iV McTiirk, cabinet niakei'.s ; I'ell, tallow ciiaiidlei- ; Lacki ■, liaker ; I'owman. intx-er, and Messi's. Kesson A: Co.. paper- li;iti;A'ers ;ind upho!-t''rers. One lifi\ we.s lost, that o" a b, Krskin • and I'urnham, on King stre-t. siipiio 111 to havi' iomnicneed in the bake lioiis ' o.' Mr. I'^rskiue. which was a de- tacle'd buildiin' in the lear of his house .'I ad shop, ill a t hort time it spread to hi: li(,ii e. anil also to the extensive preni- is 's of ."-'ilas r.u'.iiham. wholesale and re- tail nu'ichaiit, and fro;ii them to the premis'-; o!' Webb, the ^I'.oeinaker. Tl;e property destroyed wa.s of great value. the hoiis'< and shops of Krskine, lluriiham and W -bb were coiii|>letely destroyed, as was a small w.-irihouse, the pioperty of deorgi.' Miinio. The.se shops were on the south side o!' King street, immediately west of George street. On the night of February .">t!i, 183{). two seriou-s firi's occurred in Toronto. In the first ca.se a house situai"il on tin- east corner of Lot (tineeii) and Teranlay fUreets, occupied by Mr. Uobert lauery. wa« entirely destroyed, ".-uid notliin;^," says the Toronto Courier, "but the extra- ordinary exertions of our over acliv.' .'iiid skillful fire compaiiicH prevented the adjoining hoiuscs from being swept away by the conflagration." The second fire broke out on the corner of Kiiifi' and (leorge ►streets*, when a large niu'ccupieil two .storey dwelling house and four or five outhouse's, the jiroiK-rty of Ml'. Oenrge I>ii:.!,'gan ; an outhouse con- taining .several luiiuired buvslu'l.s of grain, the property of William Faster ; a stahi ■ belonging to George Monro, and an- other belonging to Me«ni-s. Armstrong iJc I'ealty were totally consumed. A comjiany of the l."»th l^.'giIneut, un- der Captain Temple, rendered valuable I I I If-'Sil ^:ll r ^ I i 614 LAN n.M AUKS OF TORONTO. eervico in protocting the property which was taken out of the houses and in keep- ing oi)ou a passage for the water cartN through the crowds of people who had oolleeted. None of the property wa« in- cured. A destructive fire aprain broke out in the city on the iii^ht of Monday, >fnrch 7th. 1830. wliich destroyed the greater part of the block of buildings on the south side of King street, east of the Market square, extending from llobert Hawke's clothing warehouse to the Crown Inn and Courier office on New Nel- son (now Jarvie) street. The fire broke out in a thret" storey brick building, the property of Christopher Elliott, occu- pied by John Sproulc as a grocer's store and dwelling hou«e. The flames spreaxl rapidly both eaist and west, and in about three hours the house and store of Robert Hawke to the eiist of John Sproule's and the three «torcy brick building on the weet, occupied by William Stennett as a •ilversinith's shop and dwelling house, as well as that of Robert Sproule, were sacrificed, as well aa all the sheds, barns aud other outbuildings in the rear of the block from Robert Hawke's to the walls of the Courier office aud Crown Inn, neither of which was injured. William Stennett and Robert Sproule were both partly protected from loss by insurance, but Hawke's aud Elliott were not. Two of the members of the fire companies were severely injured at this fire, notably Rol>ert Emery, captain of the hook and ladder company, who was seriously in- jured by a fall from the roof of one of th? houses during the fire. Captain Temple aud twenty men of the l.">th Regiment were on the ground and did poo(l service in protecting property. On February 8, 1838, a fire broke out in the premises of Mr. Mussou, 145 King street east, now 75. which was easily sub- dued after £100 damage had been done. The Colonist says that " fortunately the flames were discovered at the noon hour, when most of the members of the (fire) companies were at their dinner. Conse- quently they were speedily on hand. It is a matter for regret that some em- ployers are reluctant about allowing their men to leave their work for this very necessary service." The Colonist office in 185;? was in this building. The next lire recorded is in May, 1838, when a row of .>n. gines arrived on the scene, and wln'ii they did arrive tlio supply of water wm very limited. ISefore long Mr. UrevvepH l)ook bindery was euvelojied in fl.iincs, and from thence tho fire ran south to- wards the post office, burning Mr. licr C7,y's stables, and placing tho post on'ii(> building in great danger. It was hopeil that the i)rogre8s of the flames woiiM be stayed at this point; but, in spite oi all efforts, the rear premises of Messrs, Norris, chinawnre merchants; Mr. Wake- field, auctioneer ; Messrs. Wightman \ Co., drapers; Messrs. Wragge & Co., hardwares merchants ; Mr. U. II. P.rett, general merchant ; Messrs. Thomas liji;. ney & Co., general merchants ; a vacrint store, and the jewellery store of Mewhry, Hos.sin Bros, were soon all a prey to the devouring element. By great exertions the store of Uigin'v & Co. was saved from destruction, but the fire caught the main building o; Messrs. Wragge, and extended to Mr, Brett's two stores, and to that of McRsn, Utwsin Bros., and tho four handaoiii' brick buildings were completely dr- etroyed. Three other large stores wer" all on fire, but were ultimately savoil. Most of tho loss caused by this fire vtmI covered by insurance, the greatest loner- 1 being Mr. i?rett and Messrs. liigney, Mr. Brett's stock amounted to !})3."),0nn insurance about ,$20,000. Messrs. liii; ney were insured for about $30,000 which covered their loss. The papers expressed great dissati' faction at the inadequate supply of wat<;| on this occasion, and at tho fact that re)i:iment of foot soldiers were in tl:*| garrison and not one of them was pf sent at the fire. Much thankfulness wa, felt that the night was so still ; had tlil wind been high it is impossible to sav| where the fire would have stopped. Muflson, the tinsmith, mentioned abov,> I resided and carried on business at 5!| King street east, same i)lace where I). King & Co.'s stere is now. 'I'o tli(| west of his place of business, at No. olf was the famous grocery establishment f;! J. F. Smith .'ind Duncan McDonell, wliic:| afterwards became the office of the (V onist newspaper, under the propriotor-l ship of Samuel Thompson, subsequent t;[ the death of Hugh Scobie. On the soutli- east corner of leader lane and Kinj[ street was Brewer's stationery and Iwotl binding establishmont, No. 48 ; on tbil south-west corner was Kissock's, ttaf came Norrifl' (44) china shop. Wiglitma:| & Co., the drapers, were at 42 ; Willia: Wakefield, the auctioneer, at 40 ; W, J. Crons, Rigney & Co., and then H, Brett at 34, and liossin Bros., the jenv.| lers, at 32. Higney & Co. were al80o:| the occupai tinicfi knowi well wius King street On .May was visited originated .Mr. Bell, It then to( «(irds Yoiig the biicks ociiipicd by fOil(ii-e;i.st moml .stree dories of tl Voii^'e St reel ►on. Carbe iinieh injure fully known, \\ .■iv,(l' LANDM.MIKS OV TOHOXTO. 01 7 owiinr of tho • font of Slmc(i(> propiM'ty of till' );,• rTHitli h'hIi' nf Kin^ ^tn'ot, nfti'rwnnlH iviiii>viii>; opi'osiu' ti) till' Hoiitli-wfsl I'o;'- iKM' of Kins '111(1 Toroiitd utrccts. Oil Tui'Htliiy, +tli Ndvi'iiiIxt (tf thf Ranic V .11, a ln.rK<' tlirfi'-Mtorcy wiirolioimp on '[;.■,■■ uliiirf w;is oiitii'dy dostroyi-d. Its coiiti'iits CoiiNistod of i\ (■oll:^i(i(•|■lll)ll> qu.iiitity of Hiilt nnd whiskey .ind other iii.'ichMiidiMe and were a total loss. Tho |,.. The fir'o dta It'll ill Mr. Webb's nh(«> store, and npi'i'Mil rapidly to the dry (^oodm store of Messrs. CroiKliton & Hall. Most of the goods wore removed and the flames ■wiM-e got under control, though not be- fore they had occasioned some damage to the chambers of Messrs. Smith, Crook & Smith, barristers. The whole loss WHS fully covered by insurance. No cause could be nssignetl as to the origin of the fire. Webb's store was at 2.S King street oiifiti almost on the site ol the Golden Lion, nnd Creightou iS: Hall's was n little to the west. No. 24, where Mr. Creighton rosidcoiiltoii mentioned above was tho occupant of Holland IIons<>, .some- times known .is tl\r> Castle. Thomas Helli- well Wii« a brewer and resided at 197 King street east. On May oth, 1846, Richmond street was visited by incendiaries. The fire originated in the cabinetmakers' shop of Mr. Hell, which w.as entirely consumed. It then took a westerly direction to- wards Yonge street, where it destroyed the backs of some large brick buildings, OJiiipied by Messrs. I.ettridge, at the foiith-e.-ist corner of Yonge and Rich- liionil .'Streets, jind olhei-s. The iipiKM- ptoiies of the house on the east side of Yoiige street, occupied by ^lessrs. Thomp- son. Garbert. Ivaweon A F.ell, were also miioli injnre Don Uiver, were completely destroyed; also the dwelling house of .Mr. .It)s. Helliwell. The fire was first discovered about 11 o'clock, when the roof of the cooler was seen to be in flames, wliieli sjiread with amazing rapidity to the brewery and distillery, consuming them both. The flour mill caught ne.tt, and was, with the stone dwelling house of Mr. Joseph Helliwell, completely destroyed. Mr. Kastwood's paper mill was scorched, and was only saved from destruction with great difficulty. The loss was estimat- ed at about .$80,000, of which .$.".,000 only was covered by insurance. Many of the workmen employed by Mr. Helli- well had all their clotlies burnt, and all bad a narrow escape from being burnt to death, as the stairs in the house where they slejit, were consumed before they woke. llelliweirs brewery was on the eastera bank of the Don, not far from where now stands Taylor's pajier mills. A full ac- count of tliis well known establishment in given in Volume I. of Landmarks of To- ronto. .\ slight fire ©ii .Fnhn street, north of Queen street west, on Sunday, Ajjril 4tb, 1S47. destroyed the house of Mr. G. A, liarher, proprietor of the Herald news- paper. .Mrs. iiarlkT and her children ea- cai>ed with great difficulty from the house, and all the furniture, etc., wa« toiall.v destro\ed. The house, owned by lion. .Mr. Ca.vley, was fully insured, but the furniture w.is ;i dead lass. On April llth, 1S47, a fire bioke out In the brewery owned by .lohu Doel, on the north-west coi'iier of Ray and .\dc- laide streets. I'he fire engines were soini on the spill and about 200 liarrols of beer which were stored in the cellar were saved. Mr. Doel's house escaped uuiu- juied ouing lo tlie fact that they had n. hand fire engine on the premises. The lirowery was insured in the Home Dis- trict Mutual foi' $2.(500 and iu the Johofl- town District for $2,000. Sunday seems to have been a fatal day for fires in Toronto in those days, as on Sunday morning, Aiiiil I'.t. 1847, another fire broke out in Mr. Hiram Piper'» 1. 611 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I ':; I ■" I workxhop on tlie east side of Ycuiffi' utrei't, oiii' iliHir uoi'tli of Kiiiw. AvJiich nMulted in a coiwidcrnlil'' li hs of i»ro|orty. AfttT tvjiwiiiuiiijr Mi". Pi|»er'H hIi(>|i, tin' lire piisseil to n Htiilil*! owiioil by Mr. (irct'ii, K»»'*i>>5.) A $3,500 bluzo took place on Saturdaj' evening, 8th May, 1847, at tlip brick tannery owned and occupied by Mr. John Sterling, situated at the foot of York street, 200 feet south of the pre- eent Walker Hou-ie. The fin> brok't out in the bark mill, and soon extended over the whole building. The prompt arrival of the fire engine and the plentiful supply of water prevented the flames from spreading to the adjoining premises. Mr. Sterling's loss was partially covered by in'onard and .Mather were insured in the Mutual. Mr. Mulholland. ! auothnr sufferer, was intjured in tli.- I .Montreal Insurance Cumpany. Kmmx I Church was iiwnred for )pl.(i(M> in lln' I Mutual, and Dr. Buruside, who lia.l jum : coiae to reside in tho block, was unin- ! «ureil. ' In endiarism wns said to be the cnuso I of the fire by which Knox's church and I nine dwelling houses were destroyed. I The tannery owned by Watson & Co., j Y'onge street, and situated on the KinRo- I ton road, three miles from town, wii« : entirely destroyed by fire on Thursday, j July 22, 1H17. Loss unknown, but there I was no insurance. j A tragical occurrence in ronuection with an attempt to set fire to sonic ! premises is reported in the (llobe of Sat- I nrday, September 4. 1S47. On tlw; pre. vious Wednesday fire was seen issuiiin' from the workshop of Mr. Harper, builder, on 107, north side of lUchmDiid Hti-eet west, but the flam.'s were quickly got under. A watch was set oil the premises, and on Friday morn- I iiig, about 3 o'clock, a luau was seen to climb tlie fence, and proceed to- wartls the shop. One of the watch, James Mullin, followed him with a gun in his hand. Mullin met the man return- ing, and called on him to surrender; but receiving no answer, and perceiving ;i flame in tho direction of the shop, he raised his gun and fired. The fire was speedily extinguished, but on examin- ation the man was found to be (juite dead. The body was identified iw tlwit of William Somerset, of York township. A small fire occurred on Friday, Nov, 19, 1847, in Messrs. Rice Lewis it Co.'s building. The fire was extinguished after about two hours' labor, its ravages being confined to the cellar, where it origin- ated. The loss was about $3,500, mcjstl.v covered by insurance. liice Lewis' was at 41 King street east, on thL> north-cast corner of Tor into stre't. No. i Wellington buildings, the iiistuiic " Paddock " was known to every one. The first fire of any importance in 1848 happened on Tuesday, February 1, when a block of buildings, from RenaieV tavern on the north side of Front street , just west of Church street, to Colbonu' St., were completely destroj'ed. The fir" originated in one of the outbuildings; o! LANDMAIIKS OF TORONTO. nig I;, tiiiic'H tavern, and, an tlic wind wnH |p'|u\viii(j; 11 liurriciiuc fi'»iiii the wi'hI at till' time, it quiclily oxtcndoil t»> tin* hui- KHimliuj? iiouHi'H, until tlie fulirc wont- ,111 part of tla' block on Front, Church and Colbornt' stret'ts \va« levelled to ti,e ground. Tweuty-five housea were di'htroyod, besides outbuildiiifjiH, und tliiTO wan but very little iiiHurauco on citlicr houHeH or furniture. The UHual HCarcity of water wuh coni- iiiniiied of, and the firemen displayed tbiir usual energy and activity. The suftererH by this fire were an follows ;— Mr. Atkiii/'on, two tliroe-storey brick iiouces, Blishtly damaged : fully in- Hurcd. Two threo-storuy brick houses, owiiod liy Mr. Aid. John ArnistronK, par- tiiilly destroyed, no insurance. A three- storey brick house, the "Tarn o" 81ian- ti'r" Tavern, owned by Mr. T. Aitiien, totiilly destroyed ; uo insurance. ISriek liouws owned by Mr. Oxley, eompietoly dfstroyed ; iuaurauce $1,500. Two Htorey frame house, owned by Mrs. Tlionms ; uo insurance ; the furniture of this house was saved. These houses were all on the north side of Colborne gtreet. On the south aide of Colborne gtri'ot there were destroyed :— The stable 1111(1 outhouses of Mr. Taylor's shop ; loss $2rjO to $300 ; uo insurance. A frame houHO owned by Mr. .]. Piatt, totally destroyed ; insured for $0.'")0 ; furniture saved. The next three houses were owu"d by Mr. iToehua tt. Beard. Mayor o the city in IS")!. HiiS loss was JH'tween $1,.^>00 und $2,000 ; no in- Mirance. Two frame houses, occupied liy Messrs. Howard, Wood & Sons, abt)ut $750; uo insurance. Two small frame houses, owned by Mrs. Birmingham and Mr. Geo. Henderson, which were not in- sured ; loss about $800. A building on tlio corner t)f Church and Colborne sts., the 'Edinburgh Castle" Tavern ; insured for $750, which covered the loss. The next two buildings ou Church Ktretit were owned by A. T. McCord, the I'liamberlain of the city. They were in- siiri'd for $300, which covered the loss. I'iu' next building was owned by Mr. Miirchison, value about $200— uo insur- ance. * frame building on the corner of Trc-c and Church, owned by Mr. Alex. Mc jcod ; also the next house ou Front dt 'el ; neither was insured— value about ^:,250. The next was a three storey brick building, owned by Mr. Young, of Uoches- ter— loss unknown. The last place was the large brick tavern occupied by Wm. Heiinie, which was not insured— loss, about $1,800. The land on which this proi)erty stood bflouged to the (X)rpi)ration ; the leases Lad just expiroi*' and arbitrators bad been appointed to value the improve- ments on tlie lots, aecDrdiiig to the terniH of the lease. The fire thus relieved the corporation of all liability. On I'ebruary lltth the workshop ot Mr. Medea If, maehinist, iMi 5 tiueeu street east, was destroyed. Origin of tlie firi> unknown, The machinery destroyed was valiu'd at .1*5,000, insured for about $2.- 500. The Kob Koy Taveru narrowly escaped destrtiction on this occasion, for the second time. Yet another fire happened in this unlucky mouth of February, on Sunday 2(jth, when four houses owned by Mr. W. U. .\bbott, 4)n Sayer street, and two bi'longing to Mr. 'J'ilt, were levelled to the ground. Mr. Abbott was fully insured for $2,000, but Mr. Tilt suffered a total loss. Mr. Abbott resided at 23 Teraulay street, and Mr. Tilt was a general store- keepiT on the corner of fckiyer, now Chest- nut street. On Sunday morning, Octolx'r 15th, 1848, the old houiw known as Teraulay Cot- tage, once tlie home of the MacaiUuy fam- ily, situated on Ix)uisa street, facing the southern transept of Holy Trinity church, was totally destroyed by fire. There was uo insurance, and the buildinf; was of small value, except for the historic asso- ciations connected with it. On Sunday morning, Oct. 20th, 18 tS, a firei which started in the hat shop of Mr. E. H. McSherry, oa King street vtiei, the touth side, did considerable dam- age to it and the adjoining premise'* of Messrs. IJetley & Kay. The fire was kept from spreading very far, but Mr. Ellis, a watchmaker, had his stock dam- aged a good deal in removing it. Mr. McSherry's stock was fully insured for $2,000 ; Messrs. Betley & Kay were in- sured for $20,000, which scarcely covered their loss. Mr. Ellis was uninsured. McSherry's house was insured in the Quebec and British America Insurance Companies for $3,800. Betley & Kay's building, where now iTtands the C. P. K. office, for $6,000, also in the Britiah America. About one o'clock ou the moruing of Wednesday, November 22, 1848. a de- structive fire broke out in a building No. 76 King street eiiat, the south side, near Church, occupied by Mr. Webb oe a shoe stoi-e and Messrs. Campbell & Hunter, saddlers. The fire siyjii en- veloped the biiilding, and then spread to the upper part of the corner building, occupied by Messrs. Bell & Crowther, John Maulson, Charles Lount and Thomas Bell as offices. Four large brick buildings were almost destroyed, the walls only being left standing. The shop of Mr. Uogers, hatter, was at on« time in great danger. The loss was A I j 'i liJO LAXDMAUKS OF TOIJOXTO. M i •"?").0()(), hut this \V!1H li less tiKiii the ;u"tu;il \v(M'i> Holii'itoi'K, liav- south-t'.i.Kt corti'M' of striM'ts. .lohii .M,nii:!oii I-,-l>.i to ll'" lU'-l' losH. r.cll A Crowllic iiii: offices (jii till Kiurf ;iii(l Chuirli Wius ;iii accountant, CJiaricM bairistt'r, and Tlioaias i;;'! aJTcnt. Tiicro wore various nni:iil fires in tlic early part of the year IS-l'.t, the most iiaiortant hein^ dii" which, in the mid- dle of March, (J,'«lroyed tin' Areenhoiises of Mr. tteor^i' Le.slii-, of the Toronto XiiTsery, on the Krijr.stcm Koad, iiow ki own .as (jaeen Htreet easi. It is unknown how tl'.e fire originated, iw by the time the flames were seen the largest green- house was a I moat couNunied. Mr. Les- ■■h and the office of the Savings l>ank. I- ei'ossed Nelson strd't to the west si'i to Kolf's tavern, desti'oying the whui block, including the Mirror office air; Mr. N.asnuth'M b'lkery. I'roceeding frov,; Uolf's taveiii, the fire consiimi-d the coi- ner building, and then ran along tli.- whole tilock to W. O'Neill's, levelling t!i valuable stores of Messrs. Hayes, Jlai;- Cheney, O'Neill and others in its cours.. About three o'clock the spire of St. .Tames' Cathedral took fire, aud \\\. building was entirely destroyed. Ahow the same time the flames br»)ko out ii. the old City ILall, consuming the grcMtcr part of the front buildings, iucludiug ■,\ small store wliich was occupied by Mr. McFarlaue. Some slight diimage wa< done to the south side of King etroet, I U o: D I 'O A I ) I'L L. A If] 5''500,0iW to i^ToO.OOO. Tiic loeaea, as nearly ;\» can be learned, were as follows : Church of Hnglaud Cathedral, $58,000, insured for .fl2,500. O'Neill I$ros. builil- iiig, insured for $7,250 ; stock $24,(»()(i. Campbell iSi Hunter, saddlers, goods n- moved, !io insurtinee. T. D. Harris, hard- ware, total loss; insurance on buildinc *T.250 ; stock. )F35.000. Cheney & Co., j hardware, insurance, $10,500. ThonM* j Hayes, hardware, insurance $4,000. M. I P. Ua,ye*« groceries, goods mostly do- LANDMARIvS O.-' T()(!()NT<). (52! striivrd — iiisuriiiico ^jifi, ()()(). 'riiumafi 'rii(i!ii(»f!Oii. M;uiniit)t!i lliinsc, larKc Httu'k of ilry gi'iiiln (Icstro.viMl— iiisiir.'i iici' on huiliiiiigs .'j'u.DOO, on stock irS.OOO— Ium vy loss. !'. (HaHst'o, iimnrod $2,250 ; loss cov- ered. S,il>iiu' & lliiKKiiis, iii.surcd .$2,250, wiiiih iiivorod their toss. Patriot ofiicc, i:is;'r.iiic'> .^5,500. Foy \ Austin, insmi'd ou stock, $7,250. Tosfrt Hotel in Nel- eoi> street, insurance $3,000. ('liarli-s Iloiiievy, Mirror office, all lost, insnr- iuice $1,250. .John Njisn-.ith, baker, fur- niture saved, insurance $2,000. On I'ran- cis .-treet sevtM-al iilaces were burned, in- cIcdinK Messrs. McL(?an & .fones' cl nin- liciN, K. .Xorthcott'.s shop, Swain \- t'o.'s iiieilii ini> siiop, anci others. The loss on the City Halt v.-as ostiniated at $15,000. Walter Mcl'arlane's stock in City Hall was insured for $5,000, which covere(l the !<'S'-. The total iiniount of insuranco was .•i;2;!0,724. One life w.-is lost nt this fire. Mr. Watson, who had been publisher of the Caiiadian and of tlie I'pper Cinada Ga- ictte, w.is u|ifltairs in tlie top storey of the I'jitriot, tryinj;; to cave .some type. when the floor };ave way under him, nnd he was burned beyond reco^inition. This wiia till' largest fire thai had taken place in Toronto eince its first i'xi>-tenco. Tho plan on the preceding page pLo^vh the extent of damage done by the cathe- dral fire. The insur;uiei< companies wlio suffered w"re :-('olnu\bus, <.:5,307 : Hartford, £8,- ;i()0 ; Etna, C;t.(>00 ; Protection. i;i.;U)0 : .Monlroal, £4,124; Quebec, £2,'.t.-)() ; Cam- (!i'n. £400: Home District, £5,000; Alli- ance. £S,15() : I'.riti.sh America, £17,000; PlK*'nis, £5..S50 ; (Holie, £2,050; total. tS'.i.tlSl. This waa currcncv e(]na.l to $2311.724. August 18th, 1841). there was a small fire on (Jueen street, near -larvis, which destroyed abf)ut $1,500 worth of pro- perty, consisting of Mes, and Yon.ee atreets. Til" firo was first discovered in thi> back kilf the Odd I'ellows' Inn. on the north side (>f .\delai'i(> street, near Yonge. Till- fh'imes extended lapidly to .Mr. Thompson's machine sliop ;ind Mr. Smith's shoe shop on the east, and to Mr. Alexander's grain store and the Windsor Castle Tavern on the west ; .all of which weie entirely consumed. From this point tlu> fire sprejid no Yonge street as far *as the Bay Jlorsc Inn, kept by Thou'a.s Itost. destix>ying eight small franu' Mwelling-i in its Course. The greatest mifferers by this fire were : .Mr. Itobinson, c.abiaet makei', everything destn)yed ; Mr. Laf- fertv, provision dealer, $5,000, insur- ance $1,250. Mr. Tyner, shoemaker, insuied on build- ing and stock $3,000; Mr. l»r li. C. Rifles came on the ground about '3 o'clcK'k. and rendei- cil valuable a«.-istauce *in gmirding prop- erty. .No other fire occurred worthy of no- tice until No%'end)op '24, 1N50, when a fire broke out in ;i housi- owned by .\lr. William Andrews, on the ^f)u',h nide of Uichmond fltre 't. near the corner of Chinch. Again, owing to the scircit.v of water, four houses wero fiurucd to th ground before the Tire was st.ayed. The loss u|H)ntke property is unknown. With the exception of two sm.'ill fires in .January, the year 1851 did not suffer much lUitil May 7th, when ;i firo Plaited in the 'livery stabies »)n Welling- ton street, near "York, owned by Mr. Gr.ii:* liai.i, and destroyed them utterly, Li^geth V with eleven horses oocupying lli.-m. A tavern occupied by Mr. A. Archer, oi; tae siime stnM't, w.-us also destroyed, ignin the short .-u|>pl.v of w.tter rendered it imixM^ible to m.ake much he.'uiway cigaiiKst the flamts, and it was i nly l)y everyoiic helping to carry w.ater in pails that the fire w.'is stopped at (HI. Thn damage was considerable, but the exact aTiiount is not stated. T'he fire brigade had an (>a.«(y time for nearly a yea; after this, ;ind not until Maxell 21, 1S52, were they called upt)n for any serious blaze. On thiit Sunday morning .Mr. Vale's axe factory on Adelaide, west was veiy much injur"d, amounting to $4,000. t!ie lire unknown. On Tuesday. .March 23, ii, in the cabinet sho|) of soiilh of King, we>t of of York street, the d.-imagw The origin of the folkiwing fire l)roke o\it .\lr. Coiiiier, Day .«lirct, -■1 i:!: G-J2 L.\N1)MAI{KS OK Tt)!r)NTO. I) r \f i' ;: and soon cxtoiidcil to the a(iioi!iinf^ huilil- iiifi'^' not entirely dcslroyiMJ, riltlioui.^!i the daniap,i> dt)nt' r( iKlcrril them iis'-l'ss. All thi' HuffcrcrH wiTo fully insui'iMi, but tlii' ;nnoiint of Ioh>i or insiiriuipc i.s not stated. A ndnilicr of small fires occdrred during the hitter jiart of ./tine, ll-i52, and grave suspiciouR were rntertaiiiei! as to their e.'iiisc. One on June Jl), on Princess Btreet, just north of lang, destroyed tlir"e or four frame bnildinf;s. Attempts v/ere ?iuide whih' tliis firo nas in pro- gres! to start otiiers in the neiglibor- hood, luit fortunately witliout success. Ill July, isr>2, an "indignant remons- trance " was sent into J.Iayor .T. G. Bowes and (\iineil by the leading insurance com- piaiicK'oi the city, asking for more strin- ge.it. by-l;iWM for the prevention of fire, in the matter oi forbidding the erectio'i of w<-o(len buildings within the city limits, tillowing steiiiiiers to conii> to the vharves w'.thuut jiritper piecautions being taken, a greater number of hydrants, etc., etc. 'J'lie petition was pigned by a immbcr of leading insurance men and others, but did n(jt liave much cffe'.'t. for, on the occasion of a Bni.'ili fire in JUchmond street sliortly nfter- V7ardB, we find the pajierh calling atten- tion to the fact that had it not been for tlie extreme 8tillneh:H of the night, the fire must have consumed a consider- able portio-.i of thc> adjoining blocks, as the means of oxtinguishiug the flames were altogether inadecjuate in the case ot a large fire. On the momiiiff of .January 1, 185.*?, two fires oeeiirred. destroying the iireinises of Messrs. .1. & V. Parks, turners. Adelaide street, and tbose of Mr. t)gden, marble cutter, i'onge street. The second fire spread to the buildingM cf Mr. P.ell, watchmaker, and Mr. lirowuHComb, shoe- maker, and were with difficulty prevnt- ed from progressing further. Much loss was caufsed by these two fires, aa none of the losers carried any iasiirauce. The bnildingf< destroyed were on the west tnd^. of Yoiige street. On the morning of .Tune 10th, 185.3, the Bteamer Admiral, while lying at 15ror\virs ivbarf. foot of Yonge fitreet, was burnt almost to the water's edge. Happily no livefl were loirt. but a great deal of lug- gage b*Monging to some of the pas^en- i il to prevent the Bi)read of the fire. Mr. Tinning, owner of the building, managed to leinove his live stock, but his loss amounted to i?l,25() ; no innuranee. Mr. Adams, the Bailinaker, lost .$1,000, .uul Mr. liobert Moodie. aft'rwards an alder- i man. who had eome sails stored :u the . building, about .$1,000 ; neither of them ! wuB insured. One of the engines was put ! out on the ice at this fire, but tin- ice gave way, and ooeasioned a considerable amount of trouble in getting the engine out afterwai'ds. Another six months elapsed before we hear of any more destruction by fire, anil then on the evening of June 11, 1854, the premises of Mr. Salt, on King street, were very much damaged, and his stock o' dry goods nearly ruined. The fire fagines did very good work on this oc- casion, and, o'l the whole, the brigade Rceineil to be improving considerably. Mr. Salt's store and stock Kurod. During the next week three attempts to set fire to various buildings were made, with greater or less BD ce.s.s. Ou the night of \\'<'(hiesday, June 14. 1854, a building in the rear of Stanley etreet, between Church and Victoria, was totally destroyed, iiud on the Fri- day following the piemise-s of Mr. Arthur on Front street were fired, but fortu- nately the fliunew were discovered and HU'pprei-'tMed. A aimilar thing occurred on King street the same day. Ou the Wednesday previous an attempt had been made on Melinda street, but the flarnesj were seen by a young lady, and she gave the alarm in time to stop tha progiess of the fire. June. 1S54, had not yet received its full baptism of fire, for on Wedueadav. 28th, the bells tolled the alarm for the firemen to tui'u out to save the premises of Mrs. lioatty, taver»ikeejK'r, ou the south wide of Kin^ near PrineesB. Before the fi;vinen were able to reach the gi •nd t'..^' fire had m.'ide conMiih'rable head^-a^-, and owing to a strong ojisterly wind which was blowing the flaries rapidly extended along the south side of King until it reached the ruins of James Brien's hou.se, which had been pulled down to check the progress of the fire. A number of people Buffered by this tire, among them being : John McGloan, build- ing burnt down, no insurance ; Edw.'ird Dnnlan, shoemaker, total loss ; Mrs. l!«'atty, tnvernkeeper, nothing saved ; Maxim Sylvester, harness maker, loss ••ibout $500 ; Lawrence Coffey, dealer in flour, loss not knt>wn ; William Jerroux, hmn about $200, and otheiB. LANDMARKS fJF TORONTO. 6-2.1 m I Thi' lloL'licster (U. H.) firomru -vvoro on a vi^•it to this city whoii tlu' fiic of June l-llh toolc place on tlio north «i(lu of 8ta,u- loy street, destroying eiKiit('(>n or nino- ic'.m wooden houseiierty of Mr. Crawford, baker, who had p 110 insui-aace upon them, or ou sixty bar- il reis of flour, -whicii were also couflume^l. Another fire not mentioned above took, pliue on Thursday evening, .June 15th, ill a row of brick ho'u^ea on the east ^ide of Church street, between Queen and Shuter street'', llis. McClure, Mr. David BvKhau, Mr. Rice Lewis and tlireo other rcsitlents were ' jrned out. The insur- ance carried was very small. On Saturday, July 8th, at six p.m., a fire broke out in a frame building, nnn- pri^'ing two dwelling houses, in Palace street, opposite the jail. They were the pio|)crty of Thoma,s Green, nn4. The flajues wen' theii lonfined to the ])ainting and varnivshinu; lo.im in the south entl of the third storey of the old factory. Fie tried to put it out with two l»;iils of water, and, thinking, he had nearly cxtinjiniwtHMl it, went down stairs or more ; when he returni'd he found the fliinie.s were beyond control, and that it wa,s necessary to give the alarm, which 1 ": imnuMliately did. The entrines arrived pro'nptly and took up a position near the water, and began to play upon the south end of the building. It was hoped that the progres-s of the flames would be stayed in the old factory, but thL 'ire had got too eon»pleto a hold upon the combustibles within, and it was all in vain that the firemen gallantly exposed themselves. The flames defied all their efforts, and soon had spread all through the old place into the immense new build- ing. After that further efforts were useless, and the firemen turned their at- tention to saving the piles of lumber. The wi'..d was very high, however, blowing from the north-wi'st, directly on the great piles lying between the build- ings and the wharf. The terrific heat soon drove the firemen aw;ty from the engines, which lay at the watei's edge. The whole stock of finely-seasoned lum- ber—the collection of years of labor and care— was entirely consumed. The dwel- ling house of Mr. Jacijues was saved, the wind not blowing in that direction. A quantity of made-up furniture was also got out of the factory by the active ex- ertions of the workmen, but the greater part of the stock ;ind the fine and valu- able machinery shared the fate of the building. The loss on this fire was various! v maiiii from $100,000 to .^l.'iO.OOO, the iivsurance was only -$20,000. firm was one of the oldest in the pro- vince, and great sympathy waa felt for them in their tronble. Mr. Jacques was slightlv burned during the progress of the fire. About 1.30 a.m.. on Sunday, January 14, IS.'jo, a fire broke out in the building ou King street east, to the rear of Messrs. Rowsell Jt Hutchison's. It was entirely destroyed, as were two printing presses and a variety of jirintens' materials. The fire was said to be of incendiary nature. Ou Sunday, January 2l8t, 1855, a fire broke out in the roof of the house on tho east .'•ide of Pc)wer street, o<'enpied ti\ P. McCurry, eaeristan at St. Paul's U. C. church, in the same neighbourhood. The damage done was not very great, Ou Thursday, January 2.")th, at 0.30 p.m., the i'teamer (Jueen <'iiv, foi'inerly Lady of the Lake, while lying .at the Queen's wl'.irf, in this city, was Inirnt to the water's edge. The sle.-ii'ier hiul -m lK>ard a quantity of dry goods and gn- cerie.s for iHirt-; bi'tween Toronto and Ilamillitn. ani! only a small j)orlion of them were Havecl, The la"-s was fully cov- ered by insuriuice. On .Monday morning, February 20, l'-55. esti- a nd The ■>l$ I >n f-'r i (524 LAXDMAllKS OF TORONTO. I ■ ! j 111' till' II' ilwrlliii;;' ■rtv of -Mr. a lire wan disi-ovcrcd in the First Coii- (.',i^'K'''ti()iial ("liiii'fli, cdriicr of I'ay and Aiifliiidc stri'(>ls, uiiii-li destroyed that Ijuildinp; and its conU'iils, witli seven or eiglit dwellinKs to the east and i.ortli of it. Shortly after tiie first alarm was uiveii, Dr. iCjcliai-dsou ran to tlie jilaee and burst ojien one of tiie sid" doors, l)ilt tiie fire liad made too much leadway to admit of an attempt to extinKiiisli it, and in a very sliort time tlie stnietiire was in ruins. The ImildinK, wiiiel. he- h)np;ed to the liev. Mr. Ivoafs eoiisre- Salion, was erected in ISl!) at a eost of .'iil2. .")()(». An exeeUeiit or);'an, whieh liad I'eeii reeentlv pun lia-;ei|, was also destroyed-v.'ilue .1*1. ^aO. The bnilding Avas injured in the sum of .f'.t.OOO. The f>11ier pi-:Mierty losers wei'e ; lOdward Oarvev. William Doolev, Thomas Martin, Pobert Hamilton, Mr." Hardy, — . Wil oui;i;liy ami .iaim's I'eiin 'r.l, Noii ilwellin,;s were insur'il. T house wiiieii was the pro) Harding, and which had lieiMi hurut, was only iusnr'd for .$500. The severe frost made the water very hard to Ki't. jnul the first side oi York street, about 30 yards nortli of Kinj;'. Tiie iilaee wa,s eiilirely con-uined. and there Wiis no insurance. On the foliowiiip; Sunday, March 1 Ith, a stable on Ailelaide street, in rear oi the premises (Kaaipied by I'arkins. the pluiuii- ei'. wa.s (le-.t roved by !irr and cow »*tabled therein, siiop was oil the north side just east of the Music Hall. l,i)>rary, \ most destructive fire S.aturday nioriiiiig. May .'5, Carpenter sliop of .Mr. Westinaii, near the corner of Itichnioud .'iiid Itay sire -ts, which destroyed property to the exti'iit of .i<10,000. 'The fire spreail with such rapidity that all attempts to extiunuish it proved fruitless, ami in tin' cuurs ■ of a few hours several worksho|)s and four dwellinp; houses were destroyed. Two fiiiishinir sliops, whicii ciintained a larsj:e , was also sup[i(is:'(l to havi- bei'ii tin' W(jrk of an incendiary. It originated in some stabler beloiifring to Mr. I'aul Kane, oq the novtli side of Wellesley street. whicIi were completely destroyed, ;i.s well a.s ;; f-lovehoiise owned by .Mr. .lame.s Leslie, c.irtagi' agent, with sto'k to the amouut of .$1,,")00. The other losw in not stated. No iii.sur;ince. About l.'?0 ill the morning of Frid.iy, .Tiiiie 2!», 1S55. a fire, wliich originaied in the shed of Mr. ,T. (J. .losoph's liouso on the west side of Ciiurch strei't. oppo- site St. Michaern church, destroying the houses of .Messrs. .Meudell, lloldsworth, Childs and Kice I,ewit. H seems that tin' siip|)ly o;" water was so very limited thai 111' ore ;i full mea'^efo could lie had (hv.t brick buildiiig.s l.a(. be4>n liurned. 'i'hi' ho-e had to In- tak" ; to a Yonge str.'i't hydrant befori' .'liiythiiig like a full stream of Avater c.ulil be obtained, tiio iieai'cst hydrant, on tlie co'-ner of llith- mond and Cliurcli. lieiiig found to be iisp- less. This fire was tlie scene of soiup disgraceful Cfinduct on the p:'rt of tlis firemen. When the houses \\ere opein'i] fo ■ the removal of the furniture, th" rei- la 's were ransacked, and liijuors fn'-ly (iistribiitod, rendering the men readv li,i' an\ thing d.esperate. Two fireia"! be- gan righting, and their comrades gatue;'. ed loiiiid. some trying to separ.aie t.'eiii and others assisting in the contest. Tin' consjibles, who came to do their duty the combatants, \vero firemi'ii, and drove tln'in injuring them so badly confined to their bouses by i'arrying off assaulted by the off the ground, thai tliev were as was a noi'si' Mr. Parkins' of the street, now the Free brok" out on isr),"), in the fo!' some time afterward. Another imi- stable. lioolli. shortly after came oi: tin' ground, and \va.s iiiiniediately .•issauiteil. struck on the head wi'"' an axe, and kicked severely. , The matter was investigated b., tin' I Police .M.agistrate.s and several jfersur,) I were fined for fighting !ind assault, hut 1 no great harm was done in the fightiini' i to any one. i On Friday. .Tuly l.*?, IS."..", when a t:av- i elliiig circud was performing on the ohl J'aii- (irc'ii, on Front street o.-ist, a mob ' of i<^wdii'.s atta<'ked the tent in whicii i the show was procei-diiig. The.v first I threw one of the waggon.-! lu'longiiig to I the otniipan.v info the bay, and liien t\\.. i or three more alter them. Next they si't ' fire to one of the remaining w.aggons, ami I .attempted to pull down the tent and Imn: it also. Fortunately the fire was put out, I though great damage was done to i!,;' i property of the circus company. I Ab(>ut (') o'clock on Friday morning. T) • '. oember 14th, a fire broke out in the in'.- I chine rfKiin of the Oh.be office, on tin' .south tide o'' King street west, wlieri\ new stand, the Itank of ('oiiinierce. jusi as t!i forms were going to pri'ss. The d.iai _, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 62.' a ,l^,,i,. w(i8, liowever, iucousiderable, iiml i,,v>'iril by insurinuin. DiiriiK^ tilt' cvi'iiiiig of Thursuay, De- <^,;uliL'r -'i^tli. lf^")i>. a firt' broke out in of tl"' uM'i'i" i'i"a ill till' liou«t' ou where lived .Imnes 1 11'' j:.,st Mailvet .--luare, Nliittliesvf^- Theiv was a gcoil deal of liaiiiaKe doin', but, the loss wa.s covered b\ iii.-urain.-''. On Saturday eveniiiy;, January I'.t, \><^)C,. loss than tline alarms of fire \verv> The first was in Messrs. Miller rii ,\; .Mili'ji' coiich laetory on the south ^j,!,. of Kiiifi,' street west, and but fli'lit damage was done. Two houis ;il'U'rwards, :it 10. .'!<», a su>ve|iii;e ill the old Ilos|iital, then oeeupied by (idverimient ofli'-es, eaught fire, and fears uore entertained fur the ;--e ;iiiived the fire had ^pivad to the ad- inliiiiig sheds. liy some mistake, when till' i'iigiae.5 arrived, the hose was brought 1. 1 play on the ruins ri the old i'oo|rerage, where the firi,' haii first broken out. The ri'siill was that a few staves were saved at tlie expense of a long range of. sheds lU till) wharf, besides |il:'.;iug a large ;ind valuable Vi'a.rehouse in eiinsidi>ral)le ihuiger. An a.moiint ol iiiachi ry whieh was stored in the sheds wa • stroyed. .'ill the pro|ierLy was insureil, di.' amount ii.il stated. A very destriietive fire occurred on Satiiid ly, Jan. 2(Jtli, 1S."»(), The firo was ;irst discovered by ii .watchman who had •har^ie of sonu' stores near the Phoeni.\ fiuiulr.v, ou tlie east ^ide of Yonge -;i'ei't. No. KS. in a birgc brick houu; i daliiig on Voir.ie street. Tliiiikiug the family might be u|i, he took no uotiee. Ill weal on hiH rouu'.ii anl when 'j;aiii passing he saw flames issuing from '.hi' liuilding; he at once gave the alarm. TIk' (Migiues ai'rived in a short time and w.'re (juickly placed in an advantageous jm^itioii. and bega.u to play ou the fire, whi.ii. in spile of all effoi'ts, consumecl the Pluieni.v foundry and the large brick ii'iisc in fi'out. It was with vei'y great I'.ifficiilty that the firo was kept from -I'li'iHliiig any further. 'J'he loss to .Mr. Mfliee, owner of the foundry, was ,f;{(».- ii'iH, totally unin-iured. The firemen had viili'iitly pi'dfiti'd by the comments of •Ja' lU'wspaperH on their conduct at pre- vious III this fires, for they earned great praise ision for the psompt manner This wa'^ the tliird time this foundry* had been deslioyed or greatly damaged by file. .\ fire on February ."tth, 1850 did dam- age t I the extent 'of about $2."), 000 or $:50,0U0. It broke out in Thompson iV: Co.'s staticmery store, .No. 52 King sti-eet east, oa thi' south sid', where was pub- Ijsheil the ("olimi.st newspaper. Tli" cause w;is fu'lieved to be accidental, an!s oi the same building. whi<'h were o;'cii|iie 1 by the Provident I'luildiug So'iety, Mi-, .\nderson, lled to ilee for their lives, leaving Hcven of their fellow.'* over- whelmed amidst the flame: With the exci>ption o few chest* of tools md .11 which th 'y (d)i>yi'd oiders ami ihe I bari'els of oil anil varnish, iiotliing of a.uy i."iy;y Ihcy displayed. 'til: r. \ I i vaUie was «ave( 1 fi tl le names. Tf'f 626 LANDMARKS OF TORONrO. • o a: a a .J p 3 as as ^ .4 •< O o u n S »: ^ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 627 fire, it was boiiovotl. brnko out in the drying room, which was situated iinmo- , (iiati'ly above the boiler in a building attafliod to the Bouthern end of the inaiu structure, and next to the water. | There was a great deal of smoke at , first, and the workmen made the usual ' efforts to put out the fire by buckets of water, but without success. Complete \ arrangements had been made when tlie j buiitiiiig was erected for the extinction ', of fiie; but, unfortunately, the necessities of the iuadeciuato water-work-s comjx'lled the stopiJage of the usual supply, and there was not a drop of water either in | the pipes of the factory or in the hy- drants when the firemen opened them. | There is no doubt that if a proper ^ supply of water could have been had, the parts affected might have been flood- ed and the fire extinguished. The flames noon got access to the piles of lumber, shavings and sawdust, with which the ground floor was encumbered, and only a few minutes after that the fire was visible at the roof. Its tremendous pro- gress through four storeys astonished every spectator. The workmen made a few hurried efforts to nave their tools and some of the machinery, but ihey were 600U compelled to desist, and to seek safety iu the front part of the lower ftory, to which the fire did not extend so rapidly aa it did upward. Sad to Bay, the retreat of 13 wa« cut off, it was supposed by the burning of the gtairs, and they were left at the top of the building, with the firo raging about them, and no means of retreat, save a fearful leap of forty or fifty feet to the ground. Five embraced this desper- ate alternative after the fire had actu- ally reached them, and escaped with life, but eustaiued bad injuries. Seven of them perished in the building. Before the engines could reach the ground the fire had obtained the entire mastery of the building. The men attached their hose to the hydranta and found there was no water in them; they then moved the ougines to the bay and commenced to draw from that source, aided by a few carters. Their efforts were utterly powerless, however, against the flames. The wind was blowing from the west and north, and it poured a volume of fire thrnuRh the windows down upon the building which had been used as a var- r.ish and oil store, and upon the piles of lumber on the wharf, which nothing could resist. It was supposed from the direc- tion of the wind that the dwelling house of Mr. Jacques and the brewery of Messrs. Cayle^ & Niwh were in no danger. The wind, however, suddenly changed to the Bouth, and the jiMpect of affairs w;ih altefcd. Two small frame houvses caught fire, and the flames soon spread to tbo brewery and to the piles of lumber. Mr. Jacques' house soon followed. The roof of the brewery was of shingles set in mortar, nud it resisted the flames a long time. A little help from the engines would have saved it, but, unfortunately, they could not be got to it in time. The following is a list of the killed and in- jured :— James Minns, a carver. Ho was supposed to have gone up stairs to save something and to have perished in the effort. John Watson, cabinetmaker, married, one child; Anthony Ellis, cabi- netmaker, had been married only a few days; Ch.Trles Drummond, carver, left a wife and family ; — Cole, carver, little known of him; Ives Leguerre, a French- man, stranger in the city; Thomas Go- bert, a German, was also a stranger. Injured :— John Cook, left arm badly frac- tured; John Conly, burned while getting down stairs; John Gilbranson, badly burn- ed and left leg contused, jumped from third storey window; J. Ilurtso, jumped from fourth storey, face, neck and arms severely burned. John Weiber, Henry Sommerflat, Fred. Lutry, John Coleman, a man named Jeffrey .and a firenio.n nam- ed Wm. Tarletou were also injured. Messrs. Jaciiucs & Hay's loss was very large on this second fire. Their insur- ance amounted to about .$54,000, but this did not nearly cover their loss. The buildings and machinery were worth .$100,000, the lumber .$30,000, and the stock about $25,000. Messrs, Cayley & Nash's loss was about $15,000, covered by insurance. As a result of this fire, a eubscriptiou loan was set on foot for the purpose of enabling Messrs. Jacques & llay to resume their operations. The sum was fixed at .$50,000, which was realized in a short time. The loan was granted for four years. Eight days after this calamitous tire another one broke out on the south Hide of King street, between York, B.-iy and Wellington streets, in a work*shop occu- pied by one Fuller, which consumed a considerable tinionut of projjerty. There Wivs a rookery of old buildin^rs pur- rounding it on all sides, and tjjey all .siR^edily took fire. From the stables tin fire spread to a large frame building occupied as shops by the Northern rail- way, and aLso by Mr. Larjare aa a dwelling. So suddenly was this destroyed that ho and his family were only able to save a few vahiribles. The fancy goods store to the front of this, ;H'cupied by Mr. Lar- jare, and the dry goods store of Mr. .Foluist'-in were both destroyed. From there the fire sprend to the shops occu- pied by Mr. II, Ross, grocer, and by Mr. ileilly as a saloon. A light south-west- iL C2S LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ' ' '{ I : ■* erly wiuil was blowing at the timo, nnd the fluinoH incliiii'd to the north and tlie raat. The liyccuin Theatre was at one time iu considerable danger. A large open lot to the south was covered with lumber intoniled for the HoHsiii Hoiis»s then in ronrae of erection. It took fire immediately, and the flames spread over the lot as far ixs Kay Htieet. A stablci filled with hay, was burned there, and the whole block of buildingn were in great danger. The loss wns from $40,- 000 to !?■)(). 000, secured as follows : Mr. lioniaine ,$10,000, fully insured. Mr. Lar- jare was insured for .$0,250, which did not quite cover his loss. Mr. Johnston was fully insured; amount not stated. Mr. Koss insured, no iimount given. Mrs. Savage owned the house occupied by Keilly. It was insured for $3,500. Fuller's carpenter shop was insured for $750. Other losses are not stated. A destructive fire took place on Oct. 14, 1850, which consumed almost entirely a block of buildings betweeu King and Palace streets and Princess and Caro- line,, now Slierbourne, .streets. With the excjcption of one brick hoiu*!' the whole of the buildings were wooden structures, and the flames, favoured by a strong breezt^ raged s-o furiously that all the laJbours of the fire brigade were un- availing, except to pi-event the fire from croaeing Pal.-ice street to the limiber yard of Mr. Sn.irr, which woa iu gre.at danger at one time. The lire had lu.ade rapid progress before the engines arrived on the scene, and, as nsual, the hydrants were unsupplied with water for some time after it was want- ed. By the time water was to be had tbe flames were raging so furiously that no headway could be made against them. The entire block was burned down, ex- cept a small house owned and occupied by Mr. Joseph Shea. A building asso- ciated with the early history of Toronto was destroyed by this fire. It w.is known a4 Russell Abbey, having been built for Governor Peter Russell, and occupied by him a^ the Government House. It was owned at that time by Hon. Robert Bald- win. The total loss by this fire exceeded $20,000. On Sunday, November 10, 185G, a fire on King street, opposite the Rossin House —then nearing completion— caused great anxiety for its safety. It broke out in Mr. John Clarke's temperance ealoon, and before the alarm was given had made euch headway as to threaten the destruction of the whole range. Two or three other stores caught fire, but the chief anxiety wa.s for the safety of the Rossin House, the fire at one time hav- ing actually caught one of the windows on the first floor ; but owing to the vigi- lance of the firemen all danger w.in averted. The loss was comparatively slight, as most of the buildings were verv old. No fire worthy of record occurred in 1857 until September, when on Friday, 25th, the stables of Mr. Jones, on the corner of Duchess and George streets, were burned to the ground. It is not so much the damiige that waa done by this fire as the barefaced way in which the buildings were set on fire by un organized band of incendiaries, which makes it noticeable. The fire was first discovered by Con- stable Patterson, who waa on duty on Jarvis street. He noticed flames issu- ing from the building, and on going to- %vards it, he saw two men running frutn the stables. He made an attempt to secure them both, and succeeded in cnp- turing one, named Thomas Caldwell. In the meantime the aharm had been given, but the engines arrived too late to do any good. The place was completelr destroyed. The night watchman em- ployed by Jones wiuj arrested for com- plicity iu th<; crime. .Another man nannd William Kelly wne also apprehended. The reason for atteuii»tiug to burn tin. stables was that Mr. iones had estal)- lished a line of omnibuses, which had the effect of injuring the cabmen's busi- ness to a great extent. Another at- tempt to burn a new omnibus was made on November 19, which fortunately proveil unsuccessful. The Rossin House narrowly escaped ilo- struction on December 17, 1857. A little before 7 o'clock that evening a fire broke out in the shop of Mr. A. Larj.ire, in the Rossin House, and before the ar- rival of the engines the greater part of the stock, which consisted of light fancy goods of French manufacture, was con- sumed. By dint of great exertions, the progress of the flames was stopped. The damage amounted to about $8,000 on Mr. Larjare's stock ; . fully insured. The idea of connecting the fire .sta- tion with some of the outlying police sta- tions by telegraph was first thought of in February, 1858. The matter w.is discussed by the papers, and met with their fullest approval, and as the co«t was estimated at only about $1,200, tis ache me was adopted. On Monday, January 4th, 1858, a fin broke out ia the shop of Thomas Lang- ton, on the west side of Yonge street, about four doors from Louisa street. 1: wa« toon extinguished, though con^^ider- able damage was done, but it was be- lieved to be caiLsed by incendiarism. On the night of January 27th a fir.' broke out in a vacant building adjoin- ing Rei'k's tavern, "The Fireman's Uoliij,'' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 629 CD on tho north siilo of Kin^ street wcBt. It wtu* believed to Iwive been wilfully fired, and uii iuve.stiu'ivtioii took place, but no one wm.s indicted. The liuu,se waa owned by Henry Sproatt. (ju March lir«;iu'M Iiouhc niul car|MMitcr'H. t wore l)urunMnis<.'e went with the jien- eral fonflagration. Tho entire cexitre of the blcK'k is in fact fine heap of burnt and HMiculdorinrf ruiuH." There v,i\h very little insurance carried on any of thofio buildinRs. and the total loss was Hoveral thouRand dollars. The city was now thoroughly alarmed. i\B it -wiv^ felt that without doubt a band of inoondiariea was at work, and steps wore taken to patrol tho city at night to protect property from the work of the incendiary. In addition to thin, a reward of $1,0()U waa offered by the Mayor, Mr. W. H. Boultou. for any information that would lead to the apprehension and con- viction of the miecreants. On April 30th, a large barn, the prop- erty of Terence O'Noill, standing on tho north side of the Kingston road, about 100 yards east of the Don bridge, was also (lestwyed. In this cfise there was no doubt that the building had been wilfully fired. On Monday, May 24th, during the fire- nieu'e parade, H. Ro-s's grocer's shop on the cast t^ide of Youge, honr Richmond street, was greatly damaged by fire. The origin of the fire wajj generally attribut- ed to carelessness on the i)art of some of Mr. R<»9s' servants. Mrs. McManus, wiio kejrt a second-hand store on Queen street, just west of York and on the pouth side of the street, vas burnt out on July 29th, nothing being mivod. About two o'clock on the afternoon of So|*tomber 12th a fire broke out in the stables owned by Mr. Urigge, builder, on the oast side of Yongo. near tho comer of Gould street. Mr. Briggs himself was verj' seriously burned in an unsuccessful attempt to save a horse. Some sheds and etables in the vicinity, owned by Mr. Daw*yei The yard AVfus situated be- tween Bay and York streets and Ade- laide and Boultou streets, with the en- trance on Adelaide street. Tho firo wni first seen arising from the eastern cornor at the back of a long wooden shoil, which was U8(;d for storing laths and dressed lumber in, and with which jt was well stocked. Scarcely any people wore Jibout at tho time, and unusual de- lay arf)se in convoying tho engines to the spot. On their arrival the heat wa* so overpowering that they wore obliged to take up a position a long distance off, and from some cause or other con- siderable time elapsed before they coiiW bo got into working order. By tho tiro* any well-directed effort could be mad« to quell the flames they were far beynnd control. All efforts were then turned to confining tho flames to the piles of tim- ber in front of tho sheds, and fortunate- ly those wore successful. Tho firo wm arrested, and, though many of the large stacks of lumber near the shod had been destrnyod, the fire was kept from spread- ing further than tho centre of the yard, Tho damage amounted to about $7,000, of which only $2,000 was covered by in- surance. The most disastrous fire with which To- ronto had been visited for some time oc- curred on Tuesday, August 30, 1859. At about 12.45 a.m. the alarm was rung for a fire on the corner of Gould and Vic- toria streets, opposite the Normal school. The flames had first broken out in the shed near the workshop of Mr. Annitago, 8 Gould S'treet, ajid spread so .speedily to the brick house attached to the workshop that it wiie with difficulty Mr. Armitage and his; family escaped un- injured from the house. To the oaBt oi Mr. Armitage'e «hop were the back pre- m'lBea of three two-etorcy brick hou/ieti, which faced on Victoria street and be- longed to him. Farther northward, on the west side of Victoria, etreet, were a row of six houses, owned by Mr. Sheriff Jarvis, and still farther north a two- storey rough-cast, owned and occupied by Rev. Dr. Taylor and Mr. Robertson, head master of the Normal school ; and still farther north a brick cottage, o\n- ed by Mr. Cameron. The fire, aided by a frouth-west wind, speedily consumed the outbuildings of the whole row, and from thence spread to tho houses themselves, Every exertion of the firemen to con- fine the flames to the outbuildings pror- od abortive, and it was only by pulling down the sheds at tho back of the houses facing Yongo street that ther were saved from destruction. The fire having seized ujKin the centre houses, be- longing to Mr. Jarvis, trjivolled with a speed rarely witnessed. Tho roar was terrible, and the water poured iSt seemed to have little Qr no effect. Tho loois speedily fell and left nothing but thi LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 031 linrc (ind blnckonod walls. By f^rent cx- ortimi llu! firfiia'ii suceoedod in Hiiviiij^ ihn'O liouscs l)cl()iit;ing to Mr. AriiiitMKi., mill also Ml'- Cainorou'rt cottunc. Tor ,i|HV!U'(ln (if tliri't'-quurtiTH of an hour t|,i.ri' wan a great want of water, thnuigli iliC (Icfifu'ucy of liydrantH in tliat iiart ,.( tiio city. Thori! in no doubt that niucii luori' i/roperty might liavo been Havod l,i\d water boi-n iirocurable. Tiu' aggro- Mrtto loHB NViis i'Mtiinati'd at bctwi-on :;;ir,,000 and $40,000. Thi.s fire doHlroyfd no 1<>sh than h\x lioiis^'fl on VictoriiL Htn'ot, (ji'i'iiiticd a^ ■olIowB :-20.s, Mrs. Clubbfl ; -llo, Mrs. S. Jarvis : 212, IU'\\ W. S. Dai ling ; 214, Monfi. Eugi'no d(! St. Ri'niy ; 210, Dr. .i first disco ver- p(l in the roar of Bond's livery utable.H near the Lyiug-in Hospital on Kichniond stroet, about 11.30 o'clock in the ovcn- iiic;. There was a strong wind blowing from the north at the time, and in a very ir\v minutes the hospital and adjoining ImildiuKs were wrapped in flames. The fii'L' Hoou spread to the houses surround- iiiL' Mr. I'ond's stables, and it wius with great difficulty that six horses were taken out. Seven others, valuable iiiiimals, perished in tiie flames. A row li houHi's in a lane opposite the west tad of Tcmiierance street, belonging to Mr. Kop:ers, cai-penter, next fell a prey to the fire. The occupants lost nearly I'vpry iiiice of fu'-niture, save a few tritlinp; tirticles. A row of frame houses, llii' property of Mr. Hill, were also de- rtrojed, and only a very small portion ([ tlii'ir Contents saved. Three houses (11 UJPliinond street, of Mr. .los. Dixon's and Mr. Carrick's, baker, were burned, iiiiil it was almo.'ft by a mii'acle that the liiiise and bakery of tin? latter esea|)ed I dc'struetion. A new building, intended [for the Lying-in Hospital, was sevral ■tiraos on fire, but a number of firemen I iiiiuiitcd the roof, and. by ciittinn' nfi and jtliiowing down jiortions of the biii'iiiiig [matorial, the building nas saved. A |t(U|;h-cast house in rear of Adelaide st., spread barely escape out of many a small cottage, occupied by one Carter, four frame iiouses, the property of Nfr. Carrick; a two-storey house, wliiclj Imd been occupied l)y .Mr. Morrison, jeweller, were soon destroyed. The wind carried the flames towards Shei'pard street and consume(l the houses of .\rthur .Milligan, U. Milligan, S. Aldordico and H<'veral others. Three or four other dwellings on .\delaido street were completely burnt down. Other houses were damaged more or b'^is, but were saved from destruction li.v the almost sutierhuman efforts of tlie firemen. The night was very cold and the ground soon became slippery from the frozen water u|ion it. The scene was a most jiitiable one; the fire had with such rapidity that it liad allowed many of the people to with their lives. The.v rushed their houses into the bleak wind, of them barely covered. Their furniture was strewn upon the ground in all direc- tiiins and in many jiieces. I'pwards of fift.y families were rendered homeless by this fire. The firemen earned great jjraise at this fire by their courage, but the intensity of the heat made it impos- sible in many cases to do much good. The damage don(^ bv this fire was in the neighbourhood of ,$80,000 or ,$35,000, but particulars of the losses and of insurance are not given. The (U'lirin of this fire was attributed to incendiarism, but the truth was never ascertained. About 25 dwelling houses were de- stroyed in this lire, and about two acres of land laid bare. Mr. Dixon's jti'opei't.v was insured, and he was almost the only suffeivr who was thus protecte, close to the Don bridge, did considerable dam- age on November 2'.ith of this un- luck.v year, ISoO. About eleven in the evening the fire was first seen, and soon the whole foundry- owned by Mr. l"rancis If. Medea Ife, wa', a mass of flames. A neighbour first alarmed Mr. Medcalfe, who ran to the spot, but judging the fire had already spread so far that it was impossible to enter the office, he broke the window and man.aged to save some of his bo(jks. A steam engine of six liorse- jiower, lathes, planing machines and other expensive macliinery of a like n.atnre, were irreparably injured. Al- though till! Don supplied plenty of water the fire engines were practically useless, as the fire had too much tin? start of them. Mr. Medealf,''s loss was about .$10,000 ; totally uninsured. The fire was sup[»f>;e(l to have been caused by some sjijiiks from a nei'rhi'oni'ing chimney lodg- ing in the r*H)f <'f th;' i-ioutlieni part of the Jmildiiig. It was the fi^tii time Mr. Med- c.ilfe had .';uffcre(l from fire. I «l I : 11 i '11 f ! I I'll -^ ^%.^0!* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ;.i 128 ■ 50 |25 u^m 12.2 ^ us. 12.0 li 1.8 — '"L^ IJi^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRUT WEBSTER, K. v. 14SS0 (716)«73-'1503 ii -T! ) ' ..« !k ^ * ^ ■■] ifc* 1 ''I ^4" a' ' \m lit I) !i i Iff 632 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Ihiriug the early part of ISGO there wert' a great many cases of flu|)|»ose(l| iueeiidiarism, inowt of them uiiHuceeHHfuI, but Htill enough of them succeeded to cause the residents to feel very uncoln- fortable. A rigid enquiry was held in every case, but no clue to the ruffians could be found. Another daring net of incendiarism was i»erpetruted on Sunday, May 6. 18(50, M'hich was unfortunately Kucccssful. The outbuildings of Rev. Mr. Ellerby's house, on the west side of Jar- vis street, No. 306, north of Gerrard street, were set on fire about one o'clock in the morning. Mrs. Kllerby was aroused by hearing the step of a person on the wooden shed in the rear of the house. She hastily arose, and, on going to the window, observed a flame of fire spreading over the whole roof of the shed, just as if it had been saturated with some inflammable liquid. She in- stantly alarmed the rest of the family, and an attempt was made to save some of the furniture, but they only succeeded in saving a few articles, owing to the intensity of the heat. Considerable de- lay took place before the brigade could be called out. When the alarm was given no time was lost in reaching the scene of the fire. In the meantime the flames had n-ached Mr. Maclear's house on Mutual street, but by prompt action this was saved. All efforts failed to rescue the residence of Mr. EUerby and it was completely gutted. His loss was about $5,000, of which only $800 w»i» covered by insurance. No clue was found as to the iucendiaries. Again, on June 9th. a destructive fire occurred, which destroyed seven hand- some three-storey houses on the west side of St. George's square, furniture, books and articles of vertu. The alarm was given at about 12 o'clock on the Saturday night, and the fire engines were very soon on the ground, and the hose company in a very short space of time had coui)led their hose to the near- est hydrants, which were, however, at a great distance from the fire. The nearest hydrant was at the corner of Beverley and Quf^en, and the next at the corner of John and (Jueen, and, as may be imagined, the supply of water was meagre and totally inefficient to check the progress of the flames. When first discovered the fire was in the outhouses in rear of a dwelling situated at the south end of a row of houses which form- ed the west side of St. George's square. An attempt was at once made to tear down the frame building on fire, but it was only partially successful, 'hie fire spread rapidly, caught the woodwork of the other buildings and was sonn raging fiercely inside. 'Ihe roots of the adjoin- ing houses were soon a mass of flames, and, as the firemen were unable to work effectually with their meagre supply of water, it was soon apparent that the whole row would be sacrificed. In about an hour and a half after the fire was first discovered the whole of the row ol handsome houses were completely gutted and the walls rent in numberless places. The chief sufferers by this fire were Dr. James Bovell, Hon. Mr. Justice Burns and Mr. S. B. Harmau. The loss was roughly estimated at $30 000. Dr. Bovell lost a rare collection of curiosities and Mr. Justice Burns his valuable law library. As the house where the fire originated was unoccupied, there was every reason to believe that this, too, was a case of arson. The next destructive fire on record occurred on Thursday, October 18, and had its origin in an unoccupied housQ on the east side of Simcoe street, near King street. It spread with great rapidity, and soon wrecked the building where it commenced and had the adjoining house on the south in a blaze. Fortunately the occupant, a Mr. Taylor, had time to remove the greater part of his effects. The north wind then drovs the fire to the rh rd, which, in spite of all the efforts of the firemen, was con- sumed ; it was unoccupied. Two other houses on King street were allso much damaged. The loss in all amounted to about $2,500, most of which was covered by insurance. The origin of the fire un- known. The last fire for 1860 was that whick destroyed St. Andrew's market, which was on the north side of Richmond street west, between Brant and West Market streots. The market was a wooden structure, and served both as market and police station. A few minutes before 12 on the night of December 26 Acting Sergt. Dunlop ob- served flames bursting through the roof near the centre of the building, and ran to the spot, accompanied by several con- stables. An attempt was made to get at the fire bell, but the intense heat ren- dered this impossible. The attention of the constables and people was then turn- ed to saving anything they could, and they succeeded in getting out Sergt- Major Cummins' furniture and books and papers belonging to the police station. Meanwhile the engines arrived, but all their efforts to subdue the flames proved futile and the building was completoly destroyed. The building cost $6,000 in 1850, and was the property of the co^ ix>ratioa. Origin of the fire not known. There were a very great many small fires during the months of Janitary, Feb- ruary and March, 1861, but none worthr of lengthened notice until Wednesday. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. G3.-{ M.irch 20th, wIvpii a firp brnki' out in the roar oS Na 67, on the west side of Victoria Btrect. Bouth of Sliutt'r, tlu'ii (Kiupied by Mr. (.ioldborg, biitcluM-. W'jpn first discovered the fire was in an out-building, and, as a high wind was prevailing at the time from the east, liis house and the adjoiniug one were boom iguited. The bells gave the alarm, and in a short time the fire brigade was on the scene. The flames meanwhile had spread rapidly, and the roofs of four more houses were Boon in a blaze. The teu.iuts Bucceeded in saving a jiortion of their household goods, thoug!i a great deal was broken and damaged in the re- moval. Several powerful streams of water were early brought to bear upon the dwellings, but such was the fury of the flames that the utmost efforts of the firemen to stop the progress of the fire were unavailing, and it seemed as if the whole block between Shuter and Queen was doomed. By a quarter to six ten of the houses were a mass of flames and the serviccB of the hook and ladder com- pany were called into requisition to de- molish a house owned by Mr. G. Craig, to the north of the buildings on fire. Sev- eral engines were also planted at the northern and southern extremities of the fire, aud wit', great difficulty the fire was at last subdued. The damage occasioned by this disastrous blaze amounted to about $8,000, which was distributed among a number of i)eople. Over twenty families were rendered home- less and a great portion of their furni- ture destroyed. In all fourteen buildings were burned to the ground or rendered entirely useless. Not more than one-half the loss was covered by iuKurance, On March 24, 1861, a fire destroyed two houses on the west side of William street (now known as Simeoe Btreet), the property of Mr. Larratt Smith. The two houses were clase to Queeu street, and were entirely destroyed, but most of their conteuta were saved. A blaze on Saturday night, April 20, 1861, destroyed property to the amount of about $3,000. It originated in a stable sit- uated on Front street, near the Market Square, belonging to Mr. Gilmour, of Mont- njnl, and tenanted by the American Ex- press Company and Messrs. Walker & Pat- terson, of the American Hotel. The flames spread with great rapidity, and it was at great personal risk that Mr. Walker and some of the police succeeded in sav- ing the live Btock in the stable. As it was, one valuable horse perished. The loss to Mesars. Walker & Patterson was about $600, and the Express Company were sufferers to about the same amount. A shed in rear of the stable was also burnt down. The fire was accidental. The whole of the buildings destroyed were the property of Mrs. Thoman Ewart. (Jn April 2l8t, a fire b'oke out in the grocer's store on the north-wcBt corner of Queen and Ternulay streets, occupied by luues Moran. The damage done to the house exceeded $400, and much of the stock wni" destroyed by watfr. Ther« waa no insurance, and the cause was again at- tributed to iucendiaritrm. At 3 o'clock on the morning of April 28 two frame houses on the oast side of Maria street were set on fire by some unknown l>erson, and were utterly destroyed. They were the proiwrty of Captain Territt, of Oak Ridges. " No doubt exista that they wore wilfully act on fire." Such was the comment of the papers rejiorting the event. A fire occurred on Stanley street on its northern side, east of Victoria Btrect, on the night of June 10. Two houses in Stanley and oni' in Victoria were com- pletely destroyed. The occupants were Mrs. Kelly. IJryan and IJrowu. The last was insured. Tuesday. June 11), 18G1, witnessed the destruction by fire of Toll Gate No. 1, Lake Shore rrad, which was completely destroyed, the toll-keeper b(>ing severely bui-ned while saving his child from perish- ing in the flames. This old gate wa« on what is now known as Queen street west, and stood on the northern side of the road, a few yards west of the G.T.R. William Manswi wn.s the name of the keeper. On Monday, July 22ud, two fires occur- red. The first destroyed the residence o( Mrs. Pollock, on the south-west corner of Church and Alexander streets ; the second a row of recently erected frame houses on the wcKt Ki'Je of Brunswick avenue, just north of College street, the property of Councilman Heed. There was no insurance in either case. Two houses on the, north side of McGill street (Xo«. 34 and 36), near Church street, were entirely destroyed on the night, July 26th. One wjui oicupied by Mr. Charles Murray, an Brfficial of the Bank of Upi»cr Canada. They were both fully insured. A larjxe fire broke nut on Friday even- ing. August 16, in a frame building north of King street, which wan used as a racket court. Before the engines could reach the «])ot the fire had spread most rapidly, and it waa feared that a row of brick bouses on King Btreet would be completely de- Btroyed. A powerful stream of water was brought to bear on them, however, and they were saved. As the flames gained the roof of the racket court, large flakes fell on the roof of the Apostolic church (Uev. Mr. Ryerson's), and in a very short space of time the roof wa« one mass of flames. From thence the n •■r miiiil * 'ill !:^ V . I Hi li 634 LANDMARKS OF TOKOXTO. fire spread to Mr. Ryerson'R ntljoiuing reaideuce, and iu Hpite of nil efforts i)iit forth by the firemen, both buildings were completely destroyed. It Avas only by dint of continually pouring water upon other ho ises iu the neighborhood that the Whole block was not burned down. The racket court was owned by Mr. Fletcher, and was insured. The church and Mr. Ryersou's house were also insured. Both were rough-cast, and were valued at $2,000. The fire was undoubtedly tie work of an incendiary. The Ai)0-)tolic church and Rev. Georjre I^'erson's residence were res|K'ctively Nos. 112 and 114, thirty yards in the rear, on the west side of Bay, just north of King street. A range of stables, the property of Mr. John Mitchell, of the Burlinj?ton Hoiumo. were also destroyed. The racquet court had been a faniouH place in its day, the Prince of Wales spending a couple of hour.s there enjoy- ing the game during his visit to Toronto in 1860. In October, 1861, the city procured a second capable eteain fire engine. The weight of this machine was between 5,- 000 and 6,000 pounds; and it was tiuar- ajiteed to get tip sufficient steam in six minutes to propi'l two streams of water through jiozzle.s 1 1-4 inches in diameter. It was provided with a suction pipe 4 inches in diameter, two steam cylinders^ each 8 inches bore and had a 9-inch stroke. It also had two brass pimips, of 4 1-2 inch bore and 9-iuch stroke. On January 11, 1802, a number of offi- cers of the 30th Hegimont took up their quarters in the Govermiient House. King street west, which had been fitted up for their reception ; but the warne evening they had to evacuate in rather a hasty manner, in coii.se(iuence of the building taking fire. A few min- utes before eleven o'clock a dense volume of smoke was observed issuing from the cellar on the western side of the main en- trance on King street. The alarm was at once given, and the Chief Engineer at once proceeded to the place, descended into the cellar, and with the help of two men of the 30th Regiment endeavoured to extinguish the flames with pails of water and cutting away the burning embers, the ceiling of the cellar being on fire. This they considered they had succeeded in doing, when to their astonishment they found the flames w'ere breaking through the roof of the building directly over their heads. The building had been erected some 40 years before this, and was composed of Avood, rough-cast outside. Inside it was lathed and pl.is- tered, there being no brick wall Avithin, and the fire having got a start be- tween the laths and the frame of the building, the flames were carried ri^ht up to the roof iu a very short time. Meantime the two steam engines lately purchased by the corporation, the sev- eral hand engines, and the hook and lad- der company had reached the spot. The origiiml intention had been to place the " steamers " on the margin of the bay; but one of the officials of the Grand Trunk informed the firemen that their hose Avould be cut by passing freight trains if they laid it there. The suc- tion hose Avas attached to the hydrant, corner of King and Simcoe streets, Avhile the Rotary engine received a supply of Avater from the corner of King and John streets. The fire spread rapidly over the niof of the building, and before an ht side of Yonge, five doora north of Queen street. About 11.15 the fire was first seen by some lads, who were passing, and they at once gave the alarm. The engines arrived on the scene in a very short time, and the water was turned on. The flames, however, burst through the windows, but after a powerful stream of water had been poured on for some time it was thought the fire was extinguished, whea three explosions took place, one after the other, and the flames burst out anew and couunuuicated with the store above bv the stairway and casing taking fire. Tlie hose was taken round to the rear of the store and set to work there, and in a short time the fire was completely extinguished. The damage done was estimated at about $3,000. insured for ?2,500. The origin of the fire is un- known. Not much more than a mouth after this, on April 28th, the premises of Messrs. Booth, along with the store i„" Mr. Joseph Hodgson, stove dealer, were totnllv destroyed, the damages amounting to $10,000, of which only $8,000 was covered by insurance. The details of the fire are scanty, but it was supposed that it was the work of an incendiary. There was also another building owned by Mrs. McArthur, burnt, which was valued at about $.'5,000 or $6,000. It could not be ascertained whether this was insured. Between 4 and 5 a. m. on May €> the druggist shop of H. Emery and Moran's grocery, 72 on the north side of Queen street, west of Teraulay street, were de- stroyed. The damage was about $2,000, insured for $1,000. A destructive fire took place on Thurs- day, November 6, 18G2, in Mr. Henry Agnew's foundry on the west side of Sumach street, foiitb of Queen. The fire commenced in the machine shop, a frame building, and spread with such rapidity that in ten minutes the whole building Avas a mads ol flames. The pattern mak- ers had to run out to save themselves, leaving all their tools behind tliem. Meantime the fire engines arrived, and one of the steamers was stationed at the edge of the Don, and, by pouring on a powerful stream of water the fire was confined to the building in which it originated. A great deal of valuable machinery was lost ,in this fire, and the building was completely destroyed. The lo«3 was between $8,000 and $10,000, and the place waa uninsured. The fire WiKs iturely accidental. On Friday, November 14, 1862, occurred a fire which will long be memorable in Toronto. About half past two that morn- ing the inmates of the Rossin House were roused by the cry of '* Fire." It was thought at first to be a false alarm, but soon it was discovered to be onlj' too true. Those who opened the doors of their chambers and smelt the smoke gave a shout and bounded down the stairs in their uightclothes. Fortunately it was easy to get to the street at this time, as the gas was burning, and the way out could be seen. The rushing to and fro of the first movers brought the re- mainder to a sense of their position, and a scene of wild confusion ensued. Down the stairs went a crowd of half-clad people, of both sexes, with bundles in their hands and trunks clattering after them ; band-boxes, looking-glasses, toilet services, chairs and tables were upset in the general hurry. The fire, it was sup- posed, had its origin in a small room near the kitchen, in which kindling wood was stored. The yard south and west of !,:i ¥i cm LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I'i t- 1 thn kitchen was filled with a Inrgo qiinn- tit.v of cordwood, and there was heflideii mi nnioitut of coul in nheda. It wnn Hnid tlint the flames first iHSued from thene, juid it wn« thought they luuivt have lieen wilfully fired. Soon after the alarm was givGn. the cordwood and a wooden Btorchouse and stable, also near the kitchen, took fire. About an hour after the discovery the conflagration had ns- Bumed gigantic proportions. The angry flames leapt from storey to storey and eourcd high above the roof into the dark- ness. The floors fell in with successive crashes, and, as onch one fell, the fire glowed with a redder i.ue and rolled up immense volumes of smoke, which settled over the hotel. The greatest anxiety was felt at one time for the female servants of the house, as the fire raged most fiercely underneath that portion of the hotel where their bedrooms were located, in the top storey. Boarders who came from the second and third storeys re- ported that, when they first awoke, their rooms were so filled with smoke that they could scarcely breathe, so that it was not unnatural to suppose that the girls, who were on the top storey, might suffer severely. Many of them had con- siderable difficulty in getting down. One girl, who stayed longer than the others, had to escape out of n back window by means of a ladder pmcured by Mr. Brown, the steward of the hotel. She was unhurt. Some ten minutes at Icost elapsed after the fire was discovered be- fore any one gave notice at the engine houses, but as soon as the bell rang on Bay street the engine came rushing out. The hydrant at the corner of Simcoe and King ertreets was ojiened, the hose laid to York rrtreet to the burning kitchen. All efforts to check the flames were in vain. The second engine speedily arrived, and was stationed at the corner of York and King. The hose from it was laid through the central hall, also to the kitchen, with no better result, e:v;opt that the office and the ground floor fronting York street, were saved. Still the wing continued to burn. Though an enormous (|uantity of water was poured upon it, ihe conflagration apiH»nred to increase in an inverse ratio to the efforts made to "ubdn" it. Al)out four o'clock a third steam fire engine was got out of the Outral house and stationed neai the ffirner of York and King streets, where it did good service. The vacant grounds on York and King streets were literally piled with rescued property. All the stores in the hotel were speedily emptied of their contents when it became evident that the fire would extend to the front. From an I early hour a fatigue party of Captain ' Ilobhs' Company, 80th Regiment, ren- dered good service in carrying out gomlH. Others of the regiment were tent to as- sist the |K)licc in keeping order. 15.v their aid the large crowd wan kept upnn the sidewalk, ond loft the movements of the firemen unimpeded. About 5 o'clock the flames reached the front. They had penetrated to the third flat, while ,i party of men were at work in the rooms on the floor above the King street ston-H. Suddenly, while some of them were direct- ly over Mr. Charles Potter's store, the floor on which they stood gave way with a fearfal crash, and they fell through into the store. One man dropped just behind the window, and wae seen strug- gling amid the debris. A deep groan escaped from all present, and a ru»h wn< made for the window. The glass was soon smashed, and a soldier named Kellv was dragged out of the flames. Won- derful to say, he was not much hurt. He said that before they fell there were five men working w^h him in the rooms- Sergt. Counell of the 30th, two other soldiers, a civilian, and a coloured bny about ]6 years of age— but he thouj;ht they got out before the floor fell. Sad to say, one of them never left the burn- ing building alive. This was William H. Graham, son of Mr. Graham, carpet dealer, King street. His body wan found, much burned and disfigured, but still recognizable. The many fine stores on the ground floor of the Uossin House block shared the fate of the rest of the building, but in most cases their con- tents were saved. The stores on Iving street we- ? occupied by Mr. Walton, merchant tailor ; Charles Potter, optician; W. Wharin, dealer in watches, jewellery, etc.; Mrs. Forbes, milliner ; Mrs. Pollard, embroideress ; W. Gillctt, tobacconint, and W. Smith, newsmau. The store on the corner was occupied by R. Jordan He Co., grocers. The York street stores were : P. Rooney & Co., dry goods : Joshua Lowe, manufacturer of steam gauges, and M. Miraulne, barber to the Rossiu House. The aggregate loss of these was about $3,000. As most of the goods were removed without damage, the loss was small. Many of the guests of the house lost their effects ; in fact, hut very few of them saved anything. The insurance on the building amounted to $60,000 : on the furniture, $19,500. Th« total loss wjvs estimated at $200,000. No fires happened in 1S63 until April 20, when Mr. Lamb's glue and blacking factory, situated on Amelia street, north side, and also to the north of the Necropolis, was totally destroyed. The fire was first seen about eleven o'clock and it spread with great speed, being fed with the inflammable materials inside LANDMARKS OF TOROXTO. 837 the factory. It Boon aprond throuRh th« principal bui^Uing, four BtorioH hiRh, mid floor after floor Rave way till at last the roof fell, leaving only the bare walls dttinding. Tho Hinallor buildings in the vicinity were ignited and burned to the pround. The steamers were on the ground oiirly, but wer« not abk to cope with the flames, which had got a great start before they came. Mr. Lamb's loss was $f<.000. insured for $4,000. The fire was considered to be purely accidental A most atrocious act of incendiarism occurred in Toronto in September, 1863, whereby three lives were lost. The place was Col borne street, in the premises of Messrs. Barry & Son, wool and leather dealers. The circumstances were these : Messrs. Rarry had employed a man named McGlyn for a number of years, till he became of dissipated habits when he was discharged and another man, Elliott, was engaged in his place. Elliott's family, consisting of his wife and two children, took up their residence in the third floor of the building and the second floor was occupied by Mr. Barry, Jr. McGlyn had often come back to com- pliiin of Elliott having superseded him in his position, and on the day in question he came when Elliott was out and asked for 8ome small articles which he said he had left there. Mrs. Elliott refused to give him anything during her husband's absence and ho went away. Shortly after Elliott returned and McGlyn also came back, got his articles and once more left, only to return in a short time and un- chain a dog belonging to Elliott and lead him away. Elliott followed him and a quarrel ensued ; from words they got to blows and McGlyn received a severe thrashing. Out of revenge for this he went around the store some time after- wards and entered a side door. A lew minutes later flumes were seen issuing from the cellar, and very soon flames bnrst forth from every flat. The smoke To»o quickly and filled the building the stairway acting as a funnel to draw the fire upward. In the house at the time were Mrs. Elliott and two children, one four years old and the other twenty months, and her aunt, Mrs. Milligaii. The eight of the smoke seemed to throw the women into the greatest confusion. Mrs. Elliott ran to the at-.iirway, but that means of exit was cut off. Finding escape impossible she and her aunt went to the back window which was forty feet from the ground. She threw herself out at the window holding on to the sill, afraid to drop, until her hands and arms were scorched so much that she had to let go. She fell on her feet, but sustained serious internal injuries of which she died some Lours later. Her aunt was more fortu- nate, she jumped, alighting on her feet, but smashed 4ier left ankle fearfully ; she - recovered. The utmost efforts were made to roach the floor where tho children were, but they were of no avail ; the fierceness of tho flames frustrated all efforts and the unfortunate children both perished. The fire engines had arrived in the meantime and did all they could, but the building was cmnpletely gutted. The damage amounted to about $1,200 and the place was fully insured. The man McGlyu was arrested on tho spot, and the coroner's jury at the en- quiry held next day found him guilty of murder and arson, and he waa committed for trial. On his trial in March, 1864, the jury disagreed and were discbargeiL He was tried again in December, 1864, and the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, and the prisoner was discharged. There was no porious fire in 1864 until August, when the Grand Trunk elevator and wharf were destroyed. Since the destruction of the Rossin House no fire of any groat extent had (Occurred, for which the city waa indebted in a large measure to the efficiency of its fire brigade, which had improved wonderfully during the previ- ous two or three years. About 6 o'clock on Sunday morning, August 28th, 1864, a watchman, named McLeod, on passing through the sheda thought he detected a smell of smoke. On going into the ele- vator he found the first apartment full of smoke. At this time no flames were visible, though the smoke was very dense. The opening of the door, how- ever, created a draught, thus giving life nud power to the smouldering and con- fined fire. The watchman at once gave the alarm, the fire bells were rung, and the engines arrived on the scene with great promptness. By that time the fire had made great headway, for the structure was composed of wood, and before the engines could be brought into play the flames had burned through the roof and were roaring high above the towering building. The moment the en- gines arrived they were run out upon the wharf as close to the elevator as pos- sible, the suction pipes were thrown into the Bay, and four streams of water were turned upon the burniug building. Every possible exertion was used to stay the progress of the flames, but the nature of the building and the start the fire had got rendered it impossible. The firemen worked diligently and manfully, though it was evident from the first that their efforts were all in vain. The intense heat burned the great iron bars with which the building was held together, and then the thousands of bushels of grain pressing with an irresistible force * iji I Hn: 038 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I Iti agnitist the walls, Huddouly burst thciu awn.v oil all hUIi'a, and the valu ibli' fitorcH ru»^ given immediately it was not until 20 minutes later that one of the Pteatners was got iu working order aud directed water on the flames. Uy this time tho fire had made great headway aud then caught the Grand Trunk offices uii the south-west corner of liay and WHlington streets, aud the adjoin- ing residence of Dr. Adams, which were soon enveloped iu flames. The fire- men first, very foolishly, directed the water on the offices and the burning aud already well-burnt stables and left tho adjacent houses to the mercy of tho flames. Uanlon's Hotel, on Bay street, ignited, aud soon became a total wreck, and the flames were soon rapidly feelinn their way along the roofs of Mr. W. 1', McMaster's and a vacant house next to it, when tho men received orders to plaf their streams upon McMaster's hous eommand of the fire department, and they would urge U|>()n th(> c-orporatioti to iiiMist upon ti full diNchurge on the part of tho water componieH of their oblig:ition. Not long after thin, on August ^th, a dPBtructivo fire broke out in St. John's Ward. Spreading with unusual quick- ncHB, the fire had made great headway before the billH Hounded tlie alarm, and before the engineM reached the Hpot the flameH had reached the large brewery of MemrH. ThonipNon & IturnH, on the Houth Hide of AgucH Ntreet, east of Sayer Htreet, from the renidenee adjoining, where ii bad broken out. The building, being of wood, burned (piickly, altliough two Btcam engincH were on the Hpot, well supplied with water and aided by a drenching rain, and the flamen obtained complete poRHeHsion of tlie entire place before any chanc)> of extinguishing them presented itself. I'ltinrntely, after great exertions, the fire was confined to the brewery, which it completely dentroyed, as well as the bouse attached. The buildings were owned by Messrs. Rowell and Payne, of Sayer street, ami were tm- iuflured. Their value was about $2,000. Messrs. Thompson & Burns' stock was a valuable one, and was only insured f<)r .$1,000. The entire lo«s wjui about .$12,- 000. The fire originated in some out- houses iu rear of the brewery, and was accidental. February 24 saw the first blaze of the year 18G7, but it was not as disastrous as it might have been, as the engines were well supplied with water, owing probably to the hints the water com- panies got duriug tho previous year. The fire brokf' out about half past eleven in the evening iu the car works of Messrs. .T. & A. C. Scovcll, fronting tho Esplanade, between York and Bay streets, and adjoining the factory of Messrs. Jacques & Hay. The alarming he.odway made by the flames rendered the total destruction of the latter buildiug immi- nent; but by good fortune this was avert- ed and the fire confined to the premises where it first broke out. The engines arrived on the spot soon after the alarm was given, and, after a little delay, did good service in preventing the farther spread of the flames. The car shops were gutted, but no damage was done to the adjoining premises. The building and a portiou of their internal fittings were owned by Mr. John Cayley, and were worth about $3,000 and were not in- sured. Messrs. Hcowlls' loss is not statoil. The fire originated near the fur- nace, and was purely accidental. Tho only otiier fire worthy of notice in this year occurred on l>ec. .'(1, ans east side of Shutor, and fl LAXDMARKS OP TORONTO. 641 Yougo to Victoria stroetR wnn rnntainod betwepu five nnd six biiiulrod thnuRnnd fpvt of lumber, bcnidoH filiiiiKlt'M, Inttm, Pte. Th<' Hjmce which whh covered by tliJH htiiff ^viiH eBt^iiiited in aren nt about lialt uu acre ; it was Hituated in the very ticart of tlie blo<'k and the material con- tained in it wan excellent food for an iiitenite and lantinK conflnRration. The viiriuUM piles of lumb(>r and RhingleH inpidly caught tire, until the whole yard WMM one burniuK inasn. Ity thiH time Yuiitrc Btreet wan tlie scene of the wildcBt I'xiitement, busincHH was nlmoHt entire- ly HUHpeuded nnd everyone turned in to lielp >t''t the furniture, etc., out of the biirniiiK houscB. About three o'clock a lit- tle rain fell and it was hoped that this wuuld continue, but it rood passed off njrain ; and the fire now doing deadly work with a larKt' row of wooden houses i)U Victoria street, also swept along to- wards Mr. Stciner's house on Cruick- (•liaiik street, now Wilton avenue. This often'd no impudinient and woon huc- cuiulH-'d to the fhiines ; and a brick house owned by Mr. L. Sisson was nearly being its next victim, but by erecting a thick projection of bricks Mr. Sisson kept the fire from the fence nnd prevented the house from catching. The flames were thus jirevent- cd from spreading any farther in this direction, and the attention of th(> fire- iiieu was turned to Yoiige street again. The fire had spread northward and de- Btroyed several small houses in a lane between Yongo and Victoria, but the liberal streams of water poured ui)on them prevented the flames from doing any more damage in that direction. Down past the Youge street entrance to the lumber yard the fire caught the pre- mises owned by Mr. McPhail, stationer, formerly of the firm of Brewer & McPhiiil, and occupied by Mr. Warren and the owner. Desperate efforts were made to extinguish it here, but the premises were doomed. However after this the firemen were enabled to keep the flames from spreading further, and, except some slight damage to some more outbuildings, they had run their course. The lumber yard had completely disappeared, so far as its content^ were concerned, and for some distance around it presented a large extent of black and grimy ruins. The engines worked to a late hour drowning the smouldering embers. The aggregate loss by this fire was from 130,000 to $40,000. The losers were as follows : Mr. Wm. Wallace, a stable burnt ; loss about $100 ; no insurance. Mr. Howarth, druggist, who owned three uf the houses barnt, lost about $1,200 ; insurance $800. Dr. Brunt occupied one of Uti Drummoud'a bouses and bad a good deal of furniture burnt ; loss about $H(IO ; insured. Mr. Uiigg had seveu wooden houses totally destroyed. They produced a rental of .^720 and were but slightly insured. Mr. I>ruiiiiiiond was the heaviest loser, bis loss being estimated at $1(>,(>0() and insurance about $4,000. He also lost u few small houses on the lane, which were iimured. Mr. N. L. Steiner had insurance to the amount of $3,0UU, but his loss was above that, some valuable Italian marbles he had being badly damaged. Mr. Mercer was insured for $1,000, which covered his loss. .Mr. (lourlny was insured for $1,.S()0, and it wns estimated that his loss would bo trifling. Mr. I, nnd by it four buildings were destroyed on the corner of King and Princess streets. The pre- mises were all owned by Mr. C. J. White- house, and were occupied by William Parks, grocer : John Little, boarding house ; John Collins, green-grocer, and Robert Adams, candy store. The fire started in Collins' building and spread on either Bide. The fire engines were again deterred by a lack of water, bat the Hook and Ladder Co. did good ser- vice. After the water was procured all efforts were made to prevent the lire spreading any further and these were eventually successful. The occupants of the houses lost nearly everything, and were barely able to escapo with their lives. The buildings were insured for $1,- 700, but were valued at over $3,000. All the effects, furniture, stock, etc., of the occupnutH were uninsured, but the amount of loss is not known. A sad tragedy iu connection with a fire occurred on September 17, 1869. The fire broke out in a block of houses on the north side of Queeu street, near Denison avenue. The buildiugc, which were of wood, were occupied by Henry Chaloncr a^ a email dry goods fitore, Mr. Browu as a saloon, and a Mrs. Alexander kept a small grocery iu the east part of the block. It wa« quite impossible to say bow the fire originated. All that is known is that immediately after it was discovered it made its way wnth amazing rapidity through the block, and iu less than two 'J ^T" 642 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Ii i" E I I ' I ( hour* the wlioli> wnn in ruiim. The und part of tho nl.iry In UmI two little cliil- il injuiifit which aflci-w.-irilH pruvod fntiij. I In- two chiltlri'ii, mm niul •Inugiitcr of Mr. ('Iialoni-r, wen' iikimI (I iiiitl 4. The fiiliir iiutl only jiiNt time to •nvc hiN own lifi', and the niothiT throw till" lial),v out of a wimlow t<> liiiii; (lilt thr t«inokt' blindi'il and confu^i'd jicr, iiiid t-lic ffll out hn, who were both hurnrd tu death. W hPii the fire l)riRade arrived two of the firemen, .fa men Kidd and Thoman IIiirRt went to the rear of the liiiildiiiK \< ith tlse hone, and were direetinK it "'• I ■ tlie flanieH wlien a heavy biick ehim- iii'v fell over with a crash. The debrin biiiicd Kidd, while IIiirNt had hin arm bi'i'ken and received other injurien. Kidd wiiB with »lifficully rexcued from the Inirn- inR mnns and taken hnmi'. Although h*> leceivcd the bent medical attention and care, he micciimbed to his injuricH the next day. The iininunt of injury doccuc already sufficiently well indicated '>y the immense m.'i«-ies of flaino which wore now risiuR, and which lighted up the eky with a lurid glare. In a very "hort time the fire had obtained such uflcendaucy that the engines appi^ared almost hopeless, but, upon the arrival of two of the engines, the firemen set to work with a heartiness, good will and judgment which spoke well for their skill and pluck. The works consisted of old buihlings, erected some twelve years previons, which included tho mill and fermenting rooms ; on the south was the wharf, on which was stored a large quantity f spirits and other property. Running north from the east end was the new refinery or malthousc and storehouse, with spirits in the yaulta underneath. Close by was the Ksideuce of Mr. Gooderham. A« Boon aa the firemen arrived on the spot tlie attempta to extinguish the fire and Bave the valuable property became aystematized; and, considering the crowd- ing, hurry and confusion, a good amount of work was done. The reels playeil from the »ilip on tlie lake, each engine driving; two Ntreams of water— one stream direct- ed towards flooding the insido of tli<> nialthouse and the others to subduing the fire in the main buililing, wetting ronfi* and throwing a heavy stream U|M)n the most exposed point, at tho south-west corner of the new buildings. What gave perhaps peculiar |M)wer to the '''i- in- side the building, were tho two large elevators situated on the east and west ends of the roof. These were almost 12 fi'et stjinire and servetl as draught holei*, by which the intensity of the fire wan greatly augmented. The volumes of flame which issued from these was prodigious. The heat at times was so intense that people who had congregated about t)'us to be burning the storehouse. Howe ' the attention of the firemen was direcied towards it, and they set to work, and after an hour's labour this portion of the premises w.is saved. By 8.30 the fire had reached a range of storehouses situated to the west of the main building. The bourns and rafters began to fall, and immonsi! volumes of flames would burst forth. Then, now and again, an explosion oc- curred within the building, and blaziuR rafters would shoot into tho lake, and be seen no more. By nine o'clock it was evident that th'^ fiie had done its worst, and would LAXIiMAHKS OF TOIKJN'TO. 048 rod thnl 10 north c, i\B a iuinbor iHt furi- )t spiritA and tho of tho ng the tioii ol it, nnil hour'i 8CB wa« reachi?d to the bcuniH nunc list! forth. si on of- blaziuR kc, nnd :hat tho would ■i ■•H anil.*!12lt.0IR». The firm were their own in-surer.^. About 12.4'! a.m. on the uiorniiig of JIarcliI 1, 1870. the Queen street b;Ml sounded nti alarm which was quickly taken up by the other bells in the city. The steam enpriiies jiroinptly turned out nnd a bright reflection in the west end of the city guided the brijrade to the scene of the fire, which was tlie Northern K;ul\v;»y Elevator, at the foot of llriK'k street. When t\w en^iiiie« arrived the fire apiTcared to be confined to thi> southern ^Kirtion of the buildinp: Mnd nn endeavour was inatie to lay the hose throuLTli a long shed leadie.^j to the back of thr elevator. At tiie same time an at- tempt was njnde to run :\ train of fiat cai-s into the building in order that they migiit bo loaded with a portion of the flour which was stored in the building ; but before the hose could be laid, and before the traiii was ready to move in, the fire ran ."vlong the roof of the shed like a burning liquid, and it wa,s with difficulty that several i^ersons, who were within the slied, managed to escape. Up to tliis time some hopt* had been enter- t.ained that the fire would have been con- fined to a portion of the building, and that the bulk of the flour stored in the sheds might be saved, but any such hopes were quickly dispelled by the iKM-fect volumes of fire which now envelojjed the buildings. The exertions of the firemen were now turned to preventing the fire from spreading to adjniiiing property, and the crowd busied themselves miming a number of flat cars ont of danger. The fire progressed rapidly nnd two hours ntvl a half after tiK* alarm was wounded t>i7 Northern elevator w.as a ni*^08 of raiiw. The origin of the fire is a mystery ; it wa« discovered by a lot^omotivc driver, uno ivbeu the alarm was given it was well under way. Tl»e loss on tlie contents of the bnilding was about $150,000 ; on tlH* buildings tlietnwMves aliout .S(>i>,(>ni), nie loss was wholly coverwl by insurance. Oil May 14, 1870, a destructive fin- destroyed a large amount of property on the south-east corner of Ilayter and Teraul.ay fitre«t«, the premises oi'cnpied by MesBrs. McBenn & Broi. nnd Messrs. Parish & Gorrio. The fire st.artod in Mo- Bean's engine house and spread to the builders yar«l of Parish & Gorrie, on the north side of Hayter street, before any water could be brought to l>t>ar on it. During a. dolay, cauNtnl by tlje want of sufficient ho^^<', the fire iittained a mas- tery over everything conibn«eU)nging to Parish & Gorrie, .and they w»'re soon burnt to the ground. The brisk north- westerly wind which was blowing fanned the flames and blew tli'> sparks in every direction, and much alarm was f(>lt for the safety of the sur- rounding buildings. P.y o'clock it wjis evident th.nt nothing further could be done to arrest the progress of the con- flagration, so ."ill efforts were put forth to .oave the adjacent buildings. This \v,is effected after consider.able labour, and tlie fire at last burned itself out. t)ver 100,- 000 feet of flooring was destroyed in Messes. McKe.ans' i>renu8«^8, and a largi' number of window and door frames nii't the same fate. Messrs. Parish & (}orfi'> also lost a quantity of valuable lunilu-r, but were fortunate in saving their wurk- men's tools. Messrs. Mcl'eans' workneMi lost tools to the amount of .$1,500. The total loss could not be ascertained cor- riH'tly, but it w.as estimated at abmil $18,000, of which only $3,000 was 8ecur«d by insurance by Messrs. McHeau. Tli > Call:--' of the fire wa.s necidentel. On Friday, Novemlier 18, about a quar- ter past seven in the evening, the fire alarm sounded for a fire at " Ronlton's Mill." on the north-east corner of Bay and Esplanade rared to be all right; at 7.15 p.m. the fire broke out, nobody knew how. Mr. IJoultou estimated his loss !*t about $30,0t)0, of which .$11,000 wan covered by insurance. Tlie firemeu received great credit for tlic manner iu wliich they iKirrormcd their duty. Tlie e»gine.s were promptly on the spot and tlie br.mchcs well directed, and evcry- tlii'ig done to stay the fire that was possible. Ahout 11 o'clock p.m., ou Saturday, De- cemU'r 10th, 1870, a fire bix^ie out in the tioap and candle factory bcloniriiig to the estate of ,J. Carty, on tiie conth-weet cor- ner of tiueeu street esu-t and (ieorge street. which ivautted iu tlie complete destruc- tiiHi of the bnildi!»g and itM content-^. The alarm wfis given by T. (.1. Tolluirst. and till' fire bri)A'ade wen- (juickly rie.s of the kiud in Canada, and one of I the very first manufactoriw establislifd i iu that p«rt of Toronto. It wa*i <)|Kiied i very early in tlie " fifties.'" when Queen I Btrcet ea-st wtis not even macadamized | hevond Church street, and when au open stream ran on the fouth side of the street fiourne ; street. The two brick lK)U»*es on the north- ] east corner of Jarvis-i and QiK'en street I had }u«t been completed, and all aro«iml ; them was open ti<'ld. 'IMie reniaiue of the j orchard beloivging to the .Jarvis liome- stead extended to the p<)iut where George i now cro«-es Queen street, and when the i factory Wivs Iniilt it wa/t coii«ido;-ed a mis- ] take to |iut it in such an o«it-of-th»'-way ! place. The fire swept it away an a caudle factory, and the busiueftS was never re- j suiaed. I Not yet had 1870 had its full quota of fires, for on Dec. 18th. about 7.20 in the evening, fire broke out in a yard of Mr. Clement's aimh fuetory, on the aoutii side of Front street, o|>iKmite the Queen's Hotel. Tlie alarm was given at the Qm^en's Hotel, and Mr. McGaw. with a few others, went to the spot and extinguished the flames with a few pails of water. At 11 o'clock the I- Us again rang the alarm, and this time the factory was really on fire, r.efore the engines c distance from tlie fac- tory, w.as on fire inside. This wits ex- tinguished before it gained much bead- w;iy. Had it not been, nothing coah! have saved a large stock of lumber cIoko by. About 11.3{> the roof fell in, and by midnight nothing remained but tl>e mere shell of the building, with its burning contents in one flaming heap in the base- ment. The total loss by this fire w.ns $12,000. Mr. Clements kwt on his stock and machinery $8,000, and was not in- sured. The owner of the building, Mr. John Cayley, lost $•4,000, and was also uninsured. On October 11th, 1871, at two in the afterucKHi, a fire broke out at Milloy's wharf aud stoielioiise at the foot of Yont!,* street. It originated iv the south- eivsL corner of the building, and spread rapidly to the eastern part. The buildiiiig destroyed contained a large (plant ity of griin, crockery and stovi-s, the greater liortiou of whicli were »k»stroyed. The jirincipal lo^icrs were : Thomaa Duncan, 14,000 bu-sheW of grain; .lames Youii^u,', 4,000 bushels of grain; James Walsh, 4,(K)0 basliols of grain; C. W. Farrell,' 3,800 bushels of malt; U. J. lioulton, 200 barrels of flour. 'I'lio total lo-^N amounted to over $20,- 000, most, of which wiu-» covered by iu- wtrauce. Two good frame hoibses on the west side of George street, just north of Queen, the i>roiK'rty of Mr. Lally, a t^ieriff's officer, valued at .fl.OOO, were destroyed by fire at four o'clock a.m. on Dece«ii)er 27th. They were fully insured. One of the worwt fires Toronto Ijod been visited with for some years bT(>Ke out at 10 p. m, ou February 14, 1872, ^i ;■! ti I \^ 111: SI I v:: 646 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. in the store of John Charlesworth & Co., No. 35 Front Btroot, on the nouth side. It •vns (Kficov<»n? safe. As the conflagration progressed, it became more and more evident that no part of the block could be saved, the engines not being of sufficient power to send a stream of water higher than the j third storey. The mansard roof, being composed of boards covered with the combimtible felt roofing, was always the first |K>rtion of the building to ignite ; the iiou front bepran to lean outwards, and no stream of water could be got to reach it. At 1.45 a.m. the block of one or two wareluMisos in the rear broke into flames and burned with great fierce- ness for some time. A few minutes be- fore two o'clock a large jiortion of the building fell with a crasli that was heard ' over a great p^rt of the city. The flames also reached the old Custom House and did con- siderable damage there, but the Looks, papers, otc. , were secured before the fire or water got to them. The firemen did not cease playing on the fire until 10 o'clock the next morn- ing, and the scene was a sad one. With the exception of three stores, the wliole row was completely destroye\.l: 'i :l U 648 LANDiMARKS OF TORONTO. south side of Kiug street, was discovered to be iu flainue. Tlieee spread with such rapidity that iu less thau an liour no- tliiug wofl left of the building but the bare walls. It w;i« owued by Mr. French, aud was occupied by Mr. Taunehill, the piece jMirformed on the night of the fire beiug " Ute Murder on the Hudaoii." The damage wa« about .$18,000, aud Mr. French wjus insured for $15,000. Ou Jai'unry Utli, 1874, tlie premieea of James Miller and W. .1. iSniith, cabinet makers, ou tlie Kouth side of Shuter, cIoho- ly adjoining Youge utreet, were entirely destroyed. The damage was about $3,000. The check toll-gate ou the Kingston road, now Queen street cast, just west of Mill lane (Broadview avenue), was fired by iuceniliarie« ou the night of March 2G, 1874, aud burned to the ground. A fearful fire broke out ou tlic night of May 10, iu a wooden building on the nortli 'side of tlie Efl|)lunade, No. GO, occu- pied by John Taylor & Co., as safe manu- facturers. This was entirely destroyed. From there the flamea spread to the premises of Neil Currie, No. 52, Loiler maker. Lyman Bros. & Co. had a ware- boiwe in this ueiglibourhood, which was also damaged very greatly, and some " pattern " ehoiw, tenanted by a Mr. Little, were also destroyed. The fire worked nortii wards, anfl soon the pre- mises of Messrs. .Smith & Keighley, whole- sale grocers, and the stock of Thome, Par.ions & Co., leatiier merchants, were destroyed. These buildings were on the Boutli side of Front street, to the east of Church street. Tlie lasses were a« follows : Lyman Bros. & Co., $3,000 ; Taylor, John & Co., $20.000 : Little. $500 ; N. Currie. $10.- 000 ; Smith & Keighley, $100,000 ; Tiiorne, Parsons & Co., $20,000. With the exception of Neil Currie, who only had a $1,500 iwlicy, all of the above were protected by in-suraneee. Tiie build- ings were the pro|K'rty of Mr. A. M. Smith aud were also covered. Wiien the Kspla- iinde fire had been burning for about an hour, an alarm came fiom tieorge street that the ice houses, Nos. 15 and 17. ou the ofiat side of the street, were in flames. They were occupied by Samuel Hill & Co. A report of tlie time says : " In a few minutes an engine arrived ou the spot and was speedily set to work but too late to save much of the projier- ty in the block. The entire shell of the ice house soon afterwards fell exposing a scene which in gorgeous beauty could not be surpassed in the imaginary regions of fairy land, blocks of ice being piled to what .appeared to be a great height, cacli of which sparkled iu the lurid light from were William Richard Har- McCarthy aud damage was houses beiug the other fire, looking like a pile of rubiea such as the boldest writer of fairy tales never imagined." Other losers by this fire were Mr. Tay- lor, rouKh-cast dwelling, W. Campbell, grocer, .J. Franks, grocer, and some Kmaller ones. Campbell was not insured but all the others were believed to be. While a ladder was beiug raised against one of the buildings on Front street in the midst of the fiist fire, a por- tion of the machine fell, seriously injur- ing a fireman named Carruthers in the spine. About 4 p. m. ou Monday, May 2.")th, six houses on the east side of Seaton street, from No. 65 to 75 were entirely destroyed. The occupants (lorrie, Robert Btevciusou, bert. .Toiin Edwards, Mrs. O. J. Fitzsinmions. The reckoned at $3,000, the frame jind valued at $500 each. The premises of Davies & Co., situated between Front and Mill streets on the western bank of the Don, were discover- ed to be on fire on the afternoon of June 23id. Very great damage was done, the main buiidini^s and several adjacent sheds including three ice bouses, being destroy- ed. The loss was covered by insurance. A largo fire occurred ou the morning of July 28th at the oilcloth factory occu- pied by Davies v't McCuilough on the cor- ner of Wellesley and Ontario streets. A large brick building was entirely des- troyed and the loss, only partly covered hy insurance, amounted to several thou- sand dollars. About 4 o'clock on the morning of March 30th a fire broke out iu a block of six rough-cast buildings on the south-east corner of Gerrard and Ontario streets. Four of them were completely destroyed the remaining two almost so. The cor- ner house was a hotel, proprietor Edwin Hough, and mnnag d by Cliarles Lamb. Next to it wae Mrs. Dixon's millinery .•^tore. thou Charles Johnson's the sta- tioner's. Chowu & Braine, butchers, IL II. Hammond's grocery, and E. Anderson, a bi.'ker. The total foss was about $5,0()(), not more than half of wliich was insured. A fire not only destructive to property but where human life was sacrificed, broke out on the morning of May 31 in the millinery store of John Miller, 329 Yonge street, on the eastern side, seven ddors south of Gould street. Despite the efforts of the firemen the flames burst through the uppi>r storey and the roof of the store, ami extended next door to J, II. Hammond's, the hatter. The npjxT storey over the two stores was Miller':^ dwellint, he Rublcttimr a por'ijon of- it to James Nash, a painter, and) his :«ifc, ,X»neii :iut) Hiy, utyi^d. The cause of this fire was supposed to be incendiarism. The loss wjifi about $G,.")l)0, only partly covered, eo far as Miller was coucerued, by iusur- unce. On June 9 one of the largest fires that Toronto had seen for many years broke out in Good's foundry on the north-cast nide of Qui>ou street, just east of Yonge street, which was totally destroyed. The [ire spread to Yonpe, destroying tlie pre- niises of J. Ilowland, on the corner, No. 73. Mr. Rowland wafl a drj- goods mer- chant. It next took 7"), G. Goulding's mil- linery establishment, 77, J. V. l)avies' music dealer ; 79, George Ellis ; 81, J, A. Cherry, dry goods; 1S3, .Tohn Lanibo, boots and shoes; 1S7 and ISO, Sanio & JoliiLston, cabinet makers; 191, Neil Mc- Eachren, the Albert Hall came next and was greatly damaged, then 191 1-2, P. IZ. Noverre's, tobacconist, and the livery stabUjs of J. G. Snider, in rear of l'.t3, were greatly damagi'd. On Queen street, adjoining Good's foun- dry to the east, on the corner of Victoria titreet, W£ie a saloon kept by E. Dawson. Tills wna entirely destroyed, while on Victoria street Nos. 5S to 72 were gut- ted. The insurance on the Yonge street lionses and their contents exceeded $40,- (tOO, of this $6,000 was on the Albert Hall block. There was no insurance on Good's foundry and only $1,600 on 5S nnd 60 Victoria street. The reflection of the flames from this fire was seen plainly at Niagara and also at Whitby. Tiie Toronto Nut and Bolt Works, on the south side of Little Kiohmond street, just east of BiUliurst street, owned by MesTS. Kobb & Co., were entirely de- stroyed on the night of Juno 20. The building and contents were full}' insured, hut there were many tons of coal stacked on the premises, which were uninsured, and proved a total loss. Onl}' a very J)rief ji>riod elapsed when on July 12 Collins' brass foundry, C12 and 614 on the west side of Yonge street, just south of Bloor, was destroyed, and Mr. Collins' dwelling house as well as that occupied by Thomas llobinson great- ly ilani;iged. The lass wius estinmted at $'.t.00l). Mr, Collins being insured for ^O.t'OO. Ikjoth & Sons' steam copper works on the Esplanade, on the north side, near the corner of Buy street, were destroyed oa the night of August 18. The loss amountod to about $6,000, which was covered by insurance. KolniLson, McDonald & Co.'s planing mill on the south side of Mill street east was completely burned out on tlie evening of r.ovomber 6. A large quantity of lum- ber, together with a great deal of ma- chinery and many tools belonging to the workmen, was also destroyed. The total leas was about $8,000. The insurauca was only a little more than a third of this, $3,000. For some munths no firea of any great consequence occurred in the city. Ou August 30 great damage was done to the premises of C. P. Held & Co., 29 Front street east, on the south side. Damage to the amount of $15,000 was done, which was fortunately wholly met by insurance. Hamilton's fouudrj-, on Front street east, between Berkeley and Parliament streets, was utterly destroyed by fire on the night of November 21. The damage done exceeded $200,000, and it was only insured for about $60,000. Over 200 men were thrown out of employment, and the whole of their tools perished in the flames. A fire occurred at the Central Prison on June 21, 1877, in a bri<-k buililinc; occui)ied as a bakery, etc. The damage done amounted to about $500. Metcalfe's foundry, known as the "Don Foundry," on the sonthern side of King street east, close to the Don, w.-is entire- ly destroyed on the night of July 12th, 1877. The building and its contents wero valued at $7,000, and were only insured for a little over $2,000. This was the fifth time Mr. Metcalfe had been burnt out. Sunday, October 7, occurred one of the most disastrous fires of the year. About three o'clock a.m. the premises on the east side of Teraulay street, between Buchanan and Uayter streets, owned .-md oceui)ied by the Canada Coffin Manufac- turing Company, limited, were burned to the ground. The coffin company occupied the building as their work shops, and at the time the fire took place it was filled with a large stock of manufac- tured goods and r;iAv material, all of which was destroyed. The loss to the company exceeded $20,000. Over 1,400 coffins were destroyed, besides a largo stock of material, which all perished either by fire or by water. The amount of insurance carried only amounted to about one-third of the daniiige done. "The only \\\\y to account for the fire is by attributing it to incendiarism." Such was the remark made by the Globe news- paper in reporting the blaze, and the other dailies said the same. On November 20 Oliver's lumber yard, on the west side of Lome street, was par- tially destroyed by fire, and great fear was entertained that the Queen's Hotel would go too, but after half an hour's hard work on the part of the firemen all danger to the latter building was averted, besides a considerable jwrtion [ lliO' If II nil ilii '' 111 . ,ri 650 LANDMARKS OF TORDNTO. of Oliver's property being saved. The damage doiic was to a great extent cov- ered by the various policies of insurance held. On June 22, 1S78, a fire of a very de- Btrnctive nature took place in the pre- ini«eH occupied by Mr. J. W. Philips, builder, o'l th> eouth-iwiet corner of Elizi- beth and Hayter streets. DaninKO to the extent of $7,000 wjis done, but there wnsi ample insurance. Thomas Carroll, who oc- cupied an adjoining sash and blind fac- tory, was all but burnt out, his loss reaching $5,000 and he was only insured for $2,000. Mr. J. E. Turner and Mr. J. D. McArthur, leather belting manufac- turers, were also losers, each about $1,- 000. A fire broke out on the evening of September 30 in the planing mill and handle ninnutactory of C. T. Brandon & Co., in McDonell square, south side, off Bathurst street. Owing to the inflamma- ble nature of the building and contents the flames spread rapidly and destroyed most of the property, including the ma- chinery aud stock. The firm were insured for $3,000, but this did not quite cover the lose. The fire was supposed to have been accidental and to have commenced in the boiler room. Gearing's sash aud door factory, Nos. 118 to 124 Esplanade street, on the north side, was entirely gutted on the afternoon of October 9. The fire broke out about 4.30 and it was about 6 before it was completely subdued, the damage amounting to more than $5,000. The fire was caused by the high wind which pass- ed down the chimney with such force as to blow the flnmes out into a lot of shavings some distance off. The shavings in turn communicated with the wooden work above, and so the conflagration oc- curred. Happily for Mr. Gearing he was insured fully. At 12.20 on the morning of Wednesday, November 13th, flames were discovered issuing from the south-west corner of the paint shop in the Central Prison yard. The main building, the prison proper, oc- cupies the east side of the quadrangle. At the point most remote from this, the south-west comer of the walls, the fire originated. All the space between the rear wall and the main buildiug w^as occupied by workshoiis, piles of lumber and staves. The yard was also full of combustible material, and once the flnmes started they spread with alarming rapid- ity. The paint shop was consumed in a few minutes, and soon the saw mill, dry- ing kiln and engine room, on the north side of the paint shop, wore in flames. The wind also carried the flames to the large store room filled with wooden ware and o'.her inflammable material, situat- : ed exactly west of the paint shop, and de- j stroyed it, with the piles of lumber and staves between the various buildings. Two flat cars and a dozen box cars, standing on the tracks of the Northern railway, betweeu the shops, were con- sumed, together with a quantity of lum- ber in rear of the paint shops. All these buildings, with their contents, were abso- lutely destroyed. The stores, buildings and niachinorv cost, with the foundry, $40,000. This was a total loss. The loss on the other build- ings brought the sum up to nearly $100,- 000, which, fortunately for the city, fell upon the insurance companies, and not upon the ta-xpayers. Jreat as was the damage to property, it is pleasant to learn that there was no harm done to life or limb. The cause of the fire wan never accurately ascertained. Stewart's flour mill, on the north-east corner of Frederick and Esplanade streets, was greatly damaged by a fire Avhich broke out on the evening of November 18. The mill contained about 200 bar- rels of flour, aud between 2,000 and 3,000 bushels of wheat, which were destroyed, as was all the wooden machinery, such as sjjouts, elevators, etc. The loss ex- ceeded $4,000. which was more tbau met by the iusurance carried. On Good Friday, April 11, 1879, what I was known as the Market Elevator, on I the Esplanade, almost opposite the foot i of George street, was entirely consumed : by fire, which broke out just before seven ; p.m. The whole of the fire brigade were ; on the ground very soon after the alarm I was sounded. " For fully two hours," I relates an eye-witness, " there was no ; abatement of the flamo^ although it j might have been supposed that the very intensity of the fire, combined with the inflammable nature of the material it had to feed upon, would have been suf- ficient to burn itself out in a very short time. On the contrary, however, it blazed away fiercely until everything of a com- bustible nature had been consumed. The ecene during the progress of the fire was profoundly impressive. Distributed around the various docks in the vicinity were a number of schooners, and these vessels afforded admirable positions for hun- dreds who desired to obtain a good view of the scene. * • • Taken altogether, it was a weird sight— the thousands of spectators crowding vessels, wharves and houses, the exceeding brilliancy of tbe light giving the water in the bay a re- semblance to blood, and the schooners in the harbour the appearance of phantom ships— combined to form a spectacle not readilj- forgotten by those who wit- nessed it." There was no doubt that the fire wa» LANDMAP.KS OF TORONTO. 631 caiisod by un iuceudiary. This could readily be seeu from tlie fa«t that the lire WOH started in the upper storey, where, if unobserved for a ehort time, it would be utterly imiKxwible to git it under control. The building had been unoccupied since the previous October, wliioli was another fact pointing out de- sign in the origin of the fire. The dam- ago done was about $50,000, and towards covering that amount there wee policies of insurance amounting to $20,000. On the night of Wednesday, July 16th, the shoe factory fl \V. 1). Hamilton, on the north side of Front street east, eight doors from Youge street, caught fire, and, with its contents*, was entirely consumed. Tlif building, 180 feet long by 50 feet wide, was four storeys high in front and live in rear, and was insured for $15,000. The mJtchinery was insured for $10,000, and the stock for $60,000, Mr. Ilamil- tou's loss, though, was very heavy, as he had just purchased a heavy lot of leather, etc., in anticipation of the fall trade. A disastrous fire occurred on the morn- ing of September 8, in the premises of Christie, Brown & Co., on the south-west c()nier of Duke and Frederick streets. Damage was done to the extent of $20,- 000, which was more than covered by the insurance carried. The house-furnishing store of Noah L. Pipcri 169, on the east side of Yonge, three doors from Queen, was destroyed by fire very early on the morning of Sep- tember 11. The loss was more than $25,- 000, only $18,000 of which was insured for. The Grand Opera House, on the south side of Adelaide street west, between Yonge and Bay streets, fell a victim to fire very early on the morning of Novem- ber 29. Mr. and Mrs. Bandumnn's com- pany were fulfilling an engagement at the time, and, with one or two exceptions, the whole of the costumes belonging to both ladies and gcut'jmen were destroy- ed, as well as the scenery and stage accessories. Bad as this was, it was no- thing to the loss of human life which oc- curred. Rv jert Wright, the stag!' car- penter and caretaker, his wife and daugh- ter, a child of about ten years of age, were iniabli; to effect their escape from the burning building and were burnt to death. A man named Thomas Scott was also seriouslj' injured, in jumping from an npjH.'r window, but eventually he re- covered. The damage done was estimated at $+7,000, and the insurances reached $+2,000. At 11.30 p.m., Thursday, May 7, 1880, n. fire broke out in a block of rough-ciust buildings on the ea.stern corner of Duf- feriu avenue anfl Queen street, occupied by Robert Moore, hotelkeeper. and T. Booth, grocer. The fire spread rapidly, and soon enveloped the Union Hall, a large wooden building to the west of Moore's. These W'-re all rjuickly levelled to the ground, very little of their con- tents being saved. Moore was insured for $5,800. but Booth w;v.s uninsured. The total damage e.\«eeded $10,000. Another somewhat serious lire broke out on the night of May 29 in the pre- mises of Baillio & Downey, millers, on the north side of King street west, now No. 88. The mill was not in use at the time the fire occurred, and there was no stock there, but the dam:ige amounted to more than $2,000. Priddie's cabinet factory, on the north side of Duke street, was almost destroyed by fire on the night of July 23. The dam- age was about $2,000: in^uraiK-e $1,200. The stables of the Black Horse hotel on the north-east corner of Front anA George streets together with a workshop and two other stables adjoining were en- tirely consumed by the fire which took place there on the evening of Friday, September 17th, 1880. The owners were A. Oxford, hotel proprietor. Wood, tin- smith, loss about $2,500, and O'Connor and Davison who occupied the other stables. Oxford's loss was about $600 and the two latter about $230 each. No less than thirty horses were in the stables when the fire occurred all of which were safely rescued. A verj' destructive fire occurred ia Parkdale between three and four a.m. on September 23, 1880, causing the total destruction of a hotel, fancy goods shop, drug store, grocery, and a coal, wood and lumber yard office. The fire broke out on the groun death. The total damage cxci'eded .$2,."00. The insurance was not neaily sufficient to cover the loss. A row of cottages on the south- west corner of Itobin.son and Luinley streets, four in number, were desti'oyod by fire on the night of April oth ; the loss was about $1,.jOO, and only 'i f^nuill insur- ance. Newspaper offices have been peculiarly unfortunate in the matter of fires. On Sunday niDrning. April 10th, one occur- red in the World office on the east side of Yonge Ntreot. Fortunately the dam- age done waj) small though a number of people had a narrow cscajw from being burned. A dinastrous firo occurred between 7 and 8 o'cKx'k on the night of January 32, 18S2. It originated in the premises occupied by the firm of (iillespie, Mend \- Co.. on the nortli side of Wellington, near I5ay street. Tlio firm just mention- ed occupied the second, tliird and top storey of the building, while the first I'uit and basement were renti'il by the lirni of (iille8|)ic, Ansley & Martin, whole- sale dealers in hats, caps and straw gat melted the ice for fully one hundred yards out into the bay." The (juotation is from a cor,- tomporary account of the disaster, and its statements are fully borne out by all the information given by the papers of the time. The rapidity with which the flames Bpread over the furniture estab- lishment of liny & Co. is to be accoiuited for by the fact that not only was tin- Htructure a frame one, but in it was stored a large quantity of newly varnish- ed furniture, besides oils and tur|H'ntine, of which a large stock waw always k"pt on hand. Fully 10,000 people were gather- ed along the ]']«planade in the vicinity of the fire on the streets leading to it and upon such railway trucks .-lud steamboats Jis occujiied a good position for sight see- ing therefrom. Conger's coal yard closely adjoiued Hay's factory, and in the stable were four hoi-ses, all of which wore burn- ed to deatfi. As regards the damage done Mr. Conger, in who«o ijremises tho firo originated, h.id between 3,000 and 4,000 tons of hard coal stored away which was all more or le.s8 damaged ; the wharf was also I)Hrtially injured. Mr. Conger's loss was about $20,000, on which he had insur- ance of between $i),0<)0 and $10,000 in different companies. Hay & Co.'s loss was the heaviest. It amounted to $!t0,000 with insurance carried for only one- third of that aniotint. One fireman belonging to No. 4 section was injured by a burning brand falling on him, but happily wa.>j not long on the sick list. The old City Flour Mills on the north- past Corner of Fsplanade and Frederick streets finally disappeared, ''1011 an easy prey to the flames." late in t!ie evonin'j; of March 27th, 1882. It wiia in a dilapi- dated state and was only worth about $1,000 which was a total loss. .lust forty-eight hours later on March 21)tli, another fire broke out on the Ek- I>lanade on the western corner ol Iconic street, occupied by .Tohn Oliver & Co's. planing mill and drying kilns, the Garden City llarter Purifier Company, the Soho foundry and the Toronto Waggon Wheel Comiiany. The eceue at the beginning was disheartening owing to the extent of the mill and the inflammatory nature of the materials contained in it. But the firemen under Richard Ardagh worked bravely to prevent its spread. The fol- lowing incident happened while the fire was being fought on the cast and north : A loud crash was heard on the west side of the burning pile and the vast crowd ruslied madly along Esplanade street to III LANDMARKS 01' TORONTO. fl.13 sec what liiid happened. It was tbon dis- coTPrcd that the flat roof of tho Soho foundry uik>u which wcro working thi> v,-hr>\e of the men of No. 2 section of tho fire brijjado had falliui in carrying with it the whole of the men. N'eveitheleK^ they all t)Ut miraculouHly esca|K»d. only two of tlioni receiving slight iujuries. 'I'fio losHi'8 were very heavy, Oliver & Co'h. b.'iny; the largest, about $3.").000. The total lo,>.» was about $.")(),000, and the iufiurauee was less than $20,000. On tlK' morning of Novembi'r 9th, the bulliling, tenanted by tho IJ. \V. H. and owned by the Northern Itailway Coni- pany, situated on Dock \o. 5, and known MS the flour and through freight shed, was hurned to the ground, the contents alHO being all but a total lass. The i»ro|)erty (li'vMtroyed consisted of the shed, valued ;it i^fi.OOO ; nine flat cars, worth about .$2,1)00; four box care, in value $1,200; .•Mid all the office paj^rs. The railway conipanicH wore fully insured. Inside the 6l>od weiv stored between 1,200 and 1,500 barrels of flour belonging to dif- ferent owners. Coffee & Co. being the jirincipal ouee, they having no less than !iOO barrels stored there. The remain- der of the contents consisted of several hundred kegs of mills, a large quantity of glaes and some earthenware. Donogh, MeCbol & Oliver lost a large quantity ol lumber, about 250,000 feet, iu value nl)out .'?G,500, upon Avliieh there was an insurance of only $3,500. " As the clocks were striking the hour " of midnight, on .January IG, 1883. the safe works of Bain, Wont & McLean, on the south-west corner of Front and Fred- erick streets, we:(> found to be on fire. In fifte(Mi minutes the whole building was euveloi)ed iu flames, and in an hour and a half the place was gutted. The loss was about $25,000, and tiiis was covered twice over by the insurances carried. Davies & Co.'s storehouse, on the north- east corner of River and Oueen street east, was very badly damaged by fire early in the morning of Sunday, February 4. 1S.S3. Tho building in (juestion was of W(H>(1, and adjoi'ied on the north side a substantial brick malt kiln, being of tlie Hiime height as tho latter, which (lossess- eil three fhwrs. On the first and third fl(X>i-s a door connected the kiln with the (Storehouse, tho latter being filled with enormous wooden bins, in which were several thousand bushels of barley in steep. The greater part of tho interior (vf this building was destroyed, as well as the contents. The total loss was alwut $.'?5,000, there being insurance towards tills of $21,000. At an early hour in the morning of F( bruary 8th, the Royal Ojx'ra House, ou the south side of King street west, aljout half way between Bay and Yi>rk streets, was destroyed by fire. The flames wens first discovered about 5 o'clm-k a.m., and by seven nothing re- mained of thp building but a few yards of Bmoke-blackened wall. The oftera house stood on the site of the old Royal Lyceum, destroyed by fire in January, 1874. A new building wiuj at once commenced, and opened to the public only nine months later, on September 14. 'lM>e cost of the Royal 0|M'ra House, when completed, was $(54,500. Additions had been made to the value of $8,400, nad the |>roiHM'ties, etc., brought the total value np to about $80,- 000. The insurance was only for .$15,- 500, consequently the lessee's loss was very licavy. About 5.30 p.m., on November 20th, tho woodenwaro factory of T. C. Brandon & Co., in the north part of the Central Prison yard, was found to bo on fire iu the rooms adjacent to the engine housi*. The firemen worked with a will, hut not until hours had elapsed were the flames under control. The loss was estimated at $40,000, of which $15,000 was (mi tho building, which belonged to the Goveru- m Mit. The latter were insured for $19,- 000, Brandon & Co. for $G,000. The complete destruction by fire of Erskine Presbyterian Church, on the north side of Caor-Howell street, facing the end of Simc(K! street, occurred on the after;jn of Sunday, January 20th, 1884. When the flames were *irst discovered the Sunday school had not been diftniissed, and it was only OM'iug to tho prostMice of mind displayed by the teachers that a panic was averted. However, everyone got out of the building safely, and none wore injured. The flames spri-ad rapidlj-, ann until they reached the top flat, the northern portion of which was occupied by tli« Mail n« a corapa<any. It was estimated at $20,000. and was fully covered by insurance. Mauy of those who occupied offices in the tfail building bad their property injured by water or smoke, but in a week's time those injuria were fully repaired. At 12.25 ou the morning of Monday, Aug. 3, 1885, one of the worst fires thut ever occurred in the history of Toronto broke out in the largo brick building ou the Esplanade, at the foot of Frederick street, known as the Grape Sugar Re- finery. In ten minutes from the time the alarm was gfven the whole of the grai)e sugar building was a mass of flames. The heat was intense, and it was impossible for the foremen to ap- proach the factory, and even if they could, all the water they could havo poured on the building would have been useless. The fire continued to spread, and in a few moments the schooner Annie Mulvey, lying in a slip alongside the fac- tory, was burned to the water's edge, William McCiiUum, one ol her crew, be- ing badly injured. Saulter's, Evans', S. R. Heakes' and Gunsell's boat houses were next destroyed. Elias Rogers' coal wharf with its piles of lumber, Poison & Co.'s engine and boiler works, the Currie boiler works, Williams' and Reu- nardson's boat house and Graham's ice house came next, and with them were burned the schooners Mary Ann and Madeline. Further west were Poison & Co.'s machine shops, Steele Bros.' stables, Adamson's plaster shop, Chapman & Co.'s buildiug« and Sylvester's elevators. These all perished. Besides these buildings the following vessels were destroyed; a list is given with their value : Steamer Mazep- pa, $9,000; steamer Annie Craig, $4,000; steamer Ontario, $8,000: steamer Ther- esa, $5,000; schooner Annie Mulvey, $4,- 000; schooner Madeline, $1,000; yacht Minden, $500; yacht Veronica, $2,000; yacht Flight, $1,000; yacht New Yacht, $3,500. The total loss was estimated at about $050,000, and the insurance, distributed LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ess ninoiiff tweut}--«i'von «llfIiTont cuuipanios, juiiouutod to $1S1,7S) following : Willluiu Pol«nn (V Co.t boilonnabevs, (60,- eUO ; J. It. liiuky k Co., cofti doclu, 9M0,- eiiB, acalo workm $25,- (H)U ; Crnnc & Co., c«al dorlui, $0,000 ; Jhiih>h a. Warin. buntbouac, $6,000 ; £liaa lU^'Ta, conl wharf, $1,600 ; Saultera' boMtlioiMc. $1,000 ; ThoniM Ptwlc, luacbis- ust, $1.000 ; and mauy smaller ouea. with the machinery and stock. TIkto wna fortunately no Iohh of life or injury to anyone. Ou April 1, 1880, a seeond tiro broke out in the Mnii bnildine and ii^fain in that pnrt of it occupied by the Ilell T»le- phouc Company. The daimif;e done to the Mail Priutiiiff Couipiiny'fl property was under $15,000, but the Telephone Coui- pauy Hufteri'd to th« extent of $20,000. In both ca«08 the lodMea were fully cotit- 10 V) •*^r*_ >LJ OliUo X F f\p**g N-^ T^ sr ^^ tm 5 s. F-gPL AN AD E . ST^ I I i t I u y 1 idi w DIAGRAM •F THK lilSPLANADK FIRE, SHOWING FLACKS BURNKD. The following numbers, corrcrtponding with thoee on the plan, nhow the principal wharrefl and elevators destroyed : 1, Glucoae factory, where the fiio start- ed ; 2, vacant space, where the echooner Ann Mulvey was moored ; 3, Elias Rogers & Co.'8 wharf ; 4, Taylor's wharf and elevator : 5. Adamvson's wharf and cle- viitor ; 6, wharf and elevator, owned by Sylvester Bron. & Hickman ; 7, Church street wharf and Bailey & Co.'=) coal yards. Henry Wort, the watchman in the 6Ugar refinery, was unable to make his esciii)e from the building, and was burned to death. He was a pensioner, having served iu the 44th Regiment, both in the rhinese and Rnwsian wars. Another terrible fire occurred at Morri- son & Taylor's soap factory on the Don ou the night of December 8, whereby (liuuiigc was done to the extent of $42,- 000. It ^vafi, though, more than covered by the amount of insurance carried. In less than an hour the buildins:, which had only been put up about two yoar-s pre- viously, wae all but destroyed, together cd by insurance. On May 22, for the third time In less than two years, fire again broke out in the Mail building. This time it wafi in the job printing department. The fire origi- nated in the rooms occupied by Alex- ander & Cable, lithographers, and from there worked its way downward to the composing room of the Mail job office, and beneath that to their job office and press room and upwards to the editorial floor, and still higher to the composing room of the MaiU The Mail's loss on this occasion was very severe, a great quantity of new type being destroyed, and Alexander «& Cable's loss was also severe, about $10,- 000. In both cases the lasers were fully protected by the insurance carried. Firstbrook Bros, box factory, 273 King street east, on the south side, east of Berki^ey street, was, with its contents, entirely destroyed on the morning of I Friday, June 11. The loss exceeded $18,- j GOO, and the insurance on the faulory . and its contents was about $14,.^)00. A disastrous fire broke out about 3 . ; 1 : 1 a.'a LANDMARKS OF TOIIO.VTO. W.,P 7f " '' ■ ■il!' o'clo'k (I. in., (Ill Scpti'inlirr 24tli, in tin- jMcnii-^OH to till' rt'iir of DiivhlHon A: I[ii.v, wIk.Ii'niiIi' KrcK'crH nml liiiuor (Ii'iiIci'h, lUi Yn the snuthoiiKt cor- ner of Y(;n>j;e, wiis entirely destroyed very e/irly in the moininiJ!: of October 20tli. The fire liroko out nt ■'< o'ehiek ii. in.. 11(1 liy five o'eloek it wjin under control, but tlie entire contenlw of the building; were u burniim: heiip of ruiiiN. The total loss was $71,s;i.'», iinil tlie insurance $70,- 000. Two of tlie firemi'ii were injured, namely, .John Fallon of Court Htreet. who fell from the «i cond Htorey to the {ground, and Jaiiiew ./. Creit;liton of Yonge street, who was struck by a piece of falling lim- ber and had his arm dishK-ated. 'i'lie Croiiipton Corset Compan.v, on tlie west side <>1 York street. No. ~><, waH de- Hlroyed liy fire on the aft''iiioon of Feb- ruary 5tli. 1NS7. Owing t<< the numlier of fr.'ime bniidiiigH in the imniediat;' vicinity, Rreat fearM were entertained of an extensive conl'lagration, but this happily was averted. The dam;ige done exceeded $11,000. The insurance was $57,Ot)0 on stock anil building. For tlie second time fire visited the factory of I^nib & Co., glue and black- ing I^allnfaetureI•.'^, nt the heiid of Siunach ntni't. on the morning of Sunday, .May 20th, 18S8. The centiv- building contain- ing a large amount of macliinery for making Haiid-pa|H'r, blacking, etc., was entirely defitroyed, and great damage ■was done to the Ktock. The total loss exceeded $.'jO,0((0, aiid in flames. In a few minutes the fire spread to Pease & Co.'a furnace fac- tory, 151 to 155, on tlie Poulli side of Quoeu street east. The firemeu worked well, but, despite their effort?, the fire 8piead to Martin Bro^.' car>inge factory, adjoining I'ease iS: Co.'.s. Within half an hour tlii'.t building was destroyed, a*i well as one occupied by J. \V. Iline a»s a .lifirse shoeing shop. Pease & Co. had $20,000 of stock on hand, half of which was de- stroyed. The loss was covered by insur- ance. The damage to the building owned by Taylor nros., of M'.st Market imil Coll)orne streetx. am< .iiited In about .'*2.- 000. Martin I'.ros.' Ionh was $(1,OOU, i,:,d they were insuri'd for .f.'l.OUO. The buinl- ings, worth .$4.0(10, wi-re a tot.il hxH. Hewitt & liaivey'M Iohh amounted to about $5.0110, while that of J. \V. Ilii,,., who was not insuiod, reached !>J-0((. "Tii origin oF the fii'e is unknown." Thai was the re|H)rt ()f all the paix'rs on the next day. Yet another blaze oirnrred at the dn- tral Prison late in the night of August 20, ISSS, when the paint anil store n ';u caught fire from "sonii' niiknown eaus^'," The building was a fiMiiie one, 100 % ."el, and was filled with highly iiiflammali! < material bi'loiiging to the Urandon .Mai.i;- factiiring Company. This burned fiercely and in les«i than half an hour the build- ing and its contents were a mass if ciiarreil and blackened ruins. The liran- don Company's loss was about .$12.oim( and the building was worth aboni .<1,. 500. This was fully covered by the in.sur- a nee carried. Samuel, lienjamin I'i Co.'s wholesa'.e lijirdware t-tore. No. 5S Yonge str"i'l. ii;i its western side, just 'ouih of Mi'limla I street, was greatly damaged by fire ua j October 23. Great as was the harm iliiii- I by the Uami's, water, though, did miu'li I more, and when tlie danniges canii' to be assessed they reacle'd no less than i $75,000. The insuram*- c.irried, Ihounh, more than covered this. On Thursday, .lanuary IStli, ISSO, a ver.v bad bla/.e occurred at Messrs. t.\ui-.i- nean's store, 7 and King street eti!.', j on the south side, just e.ast of Yoii:i'. ' The damage to the building was eov. r- I ed by a few humlred dollars, but t," I stock Avas almost ili'sti-oyeil by fii'', I water, smoke and cinders. The insni-aiiii' i carried, though, was more tlian sufficii'iit i to fiill.y cover the loss, which reaclu'd tin' i sum of $18,042, j The well known chair factory of Hess ' & Co., situated on the west siiln m' Strachan avenue, chvse to \Vellinj.tMii avenue, was destrovi'il on the night ni Jlarch 20. ISSO. the factory stood on a triangular jiiece of land, the base if which rested on Strachan .■iveiiue, while on the south side ran the (l.T.K. t'-ack. On the north side wen- Iiiglis i\c Hunter's shops and the gronuils of the Central Prison. At the iioint of the triangle a railway track entered th" groumls so ns to ship the stoi-k more easily. Standirig there at the time the fire occurred weri' several box cars. Those caught fii'e ami were a total loss. With the exception of the engine house, the building wa.-< of wood. The engine .and boiler room w«6 of brick, and stood at the easteri end of the buildinii'. A new engine cost- Vn : i-i •• : LANDMARKS OF TOIIONTO. fi.T7 lull $1,000 Iwiil only Ix'i'n pinciMl tlii'ic till' iii'fvioux iiiituiiiii ii- tiri'ly Ui'U'royi'd iih /i iiintlt'r of rmirMi', Tilt' tin' broki' out iil '.t.20. uiiil liy 11 (.V'loi'k tiicft' wiiH iiotliinm l''ft of the cii- tii-c lidililiiiK ti' of lliu fin- wiiM nt'vor cli'iirly iini'iTtainctl but Home tliou^lit il \\!{H tll<' D'HUlt of H|K>lltlini'OUrt ('ollll)ns- ti"M. Till' loiiil iukI Colour woiks of A. ,- 0(10, it sv.'ii* nii't l>y llic anuHint of iiriur- (lllCl". Another l)i(; fire l»i'ol;e ,iut mi the nipht (if Noveiiibei' 2'>tli ill what is known as till' Truth buildiiit;, on the south niile of Ailflaide, a little to the west of Bay stii'i't. 'Plit' vaiiouH o''eui>antH were : '[■|iilli I'ulilishinn ('oMipjiiiy, Auxiliary Publishing Company, Ladies' Joi' nal, S. F. iiiid C'. A. WilwHi, Orange ■ .uinol, J. .><. Williams, .1. T. iteid, \V. W. Wells, .losejih Mixire, Toionlo Paper I'.ox Coni- pany, Churt'hill iSc Co.. j'ea.st in.anufac- tuKTs; (}. T. Pendritli, iiiiK'liinist. and S. Crawford iSc Co., Htaiiipiiii;'. The Truth laiililiiig v.-as tlio lioiue of a numbei' of pulilisliing firms and other iiidustrleH. AnioiiK tlie.se the fliiof HufferepH were Cliiiichill A: Co., .1. S. Williams, .Io,seph Moore and the Truth Piililishiiig Com- pany. The buihling was destroyed no far a-s thi' interior W;i8 foiu'erned at the liiK'k, but no great annniiit f coM. hard, cracked walU niid itnioking onibers, and many of the old HtuilentH, now proli'HHJoiial men in tiie city, turned nadly Ixiinewnrd after view- ing tho destruction oi lh<'ir belovett alma mater." Tho library, with the exception of 100 volumes savi'd by the as-istant librari.in Mr. r.nbner, cou'-isted of about U;'i.tM>i» books and wan an absuliite loss. Four large volumes •)f Auilulmii's birds of Amer- ica, of which there are only known to bo four other co| ies on this continent, wore ainoin;' tho volumes which perished. They were valued at .$l,.'»<>t», and the total value of the library was about $10u,(MM). Tho total lo-H ii'y the I'liiversity fire reached the appalling total of $.''.'>:•.. 7, with no greater iiisuran<"e than .''il.'iO.dOO, Kecently one of the professors of "Varsity was asked to give some particulars of tho great fire. He declined, and (juoted for his reason a portion of the opening lines of tho second iMok of the .\oneid, ''.lubes renovare delorum * * (iuao(iuo i|ise inisei'i'iiiia vidi." "'Thou onjoinest me to I'eiiew an unuttornble grief which I myself hiive witnessed (experiencedi. " .''Seldom has n wittier reply been given. Exa<'lly one week elapsed and another great fire o<'curred in tlu- city in the pii'iiiises o:'Cupieil by the (iendioii Manu- faeturiiig Coiiipiiny, on the south side of Wellington, just west <(f Y8s, which was covered three times over by the insurance carried, amounted to $l.'l,itO!». Home mouths passed away, and once more on a Friday was there another big blaze, the lumber yard and planing mills of Scott & Cross, nn tho north side of Hayter street, together with two small cottages, being greatly danuigod by fire. I I I r I -Kl I h 658 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I Jl: » I The amount of the loss wa« $16,102, and the iuauraaice only reuchftl $11,000. The premieos occiipiiHl by the Dominion Plate Glass Company, No. 7>1 Victoria street, on the oasti-ru side, were Heriounly daniairi'd by fire on the evening of Janu- ary i4, 1891. The loss reached nearly $12,000, more from water than the flames, though, and the insurance was $85,000. so n« far as the Glass Company was concerned the interruption caused to trade wsis the worst part of the busine.sn. Al-nit 10.30 on the night of April 0, ISUl, the piano factory of Ileintzman & Co., on the south side of King, just east of the liossin House, Goldstein & Co.'s cigar store, and Quinn's shirt warehouse were a.l greatly damaged by a fire which was supposed to have broken out on the iJriMuises of Goldstein & Co. The loss anioniited *n all to about $32,000, «ud each of the three firms whose pre- mises and stock were injured either by fire or water were fully protected bj' in- fiurance. .^ A. Dorenwend occupied No. 103 i'ongo street as a dealer Tn hair and faiicy goods, and had his place almost ruined by fire and wivter on the morning of May 18. The premises were on the eastern sier storey. The firenu'u worked with a will, but with all their exertions the stock of A. J. Gil- mour, cabinet maker, and Watts A: I\lc- Slahou, picture framers, was entirely de- stroyed. Those ttvo firms occupied the premises where the fire originated. In other parts of the ju'eniisi's the damage caused w.-i - :.iore from smoke than anj'- Lhiiig else, but there the harm was, no 1 matter what the cause. The loss was I nearly $7,000, fully insured. I James Mcintosh's flour and feed store, 109 Front street, east of Jarvis on the south side, was gutted in the early morn- ing of Sunday. April 10th. The damage reached $13,800, and the insurance slightly exceeded that amount. The seven-storey warehouse, part of which was occupied by James Skinner as a wholesale crockery dealer at GO Wel- lington street, on the north side, west of Mincing lane, wiis very badly injured by a fire that broke out on the evening of May I9th. The loss was variously esti- mated, but whatever it was— one paper puts it at $20,000— it was quite covered by insurance. The Morse Soap Company's factory, 531 Front street, on the south side, east of lieachell street, was very badly damag- o«l by a fire taking place there on Aug. 11th at 10 p.m. The loss was about $7,700, covered fortunately by insurance. The American liattau Company's big- factory on the south-east corner of Nia- gara and Tecumseth streets was dis- I covered to be in flames early in the : morning of August 20. By the hard work ! of the fire brigade the flames did not ex- I tend further than the three upper floors, but a magnificent display of goods, which the company had prepared for the To- ronto Industrial Fair was entirely de- stroyed. The machinery, being in the ground floor, was uninjured. The loss exceeded $16,000. the insurance $21,000. A fire which broke out early in the morning of September 8, at Tushiugham & Sons, 102 Adelaide street, west of Shep- pard street, did damiige to the extent of $25,000. The owners of the building lost $10,000, and were not insured. W- P. Smith, wood turner; F. H. Boehler, tinsmith; Grant, bamboo manufacturer, lost $5,000, $3,000 and $3,000 respec- tively. The first of these was fully in- sured, the second only partly, and the third not at all. There were at least half a dozen other losers, varying in amount from $150 to $1,500. "The iiottest fiie in years." Such was the de,s<. 'irtion given of the great blaxe which occurred shortly after noon on Wednesday, December 14, 1892. The scene of the fire wiw a five-storey brick warehousa-.iu Pearl, immediately in rear of I'ay and King streets, owned by Geo. Proetor, of the Bay Tree IIc'^l, and oc- cupied by, in t^u> basement, Ayie.sliuiy Dairy Company; on the fii-st floor, .lohn M. French, oil and paint factory; Scliae- fei's cigar shojw on the second, and the American Watch Ciise Comjiany's pi-emises on the third. The building, erected in 18>i7. wa.s gut- ted, the tenants Using their entire slocirtf ,1 «i> LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 659 niul inachiacry, and as much damage wa« (loiip in an hour aa in auy fire that had visited Toronto for years. The loss was a»)oiit $30,000, the heaviest lioing that of the American Watch Company. The amount of insurance did not cover any (^iiiffle firm's loss. No less than thirteen ilil'fi'ieut iusurauce companies were af- fected. Yet another fire occurred at the Cen- tral Prison on Saturdaj', March 4, lSi»;$, in a two storey brick workshop. The huildinsr was full of manufactured articles and contained much valuable iiinihinery. The premises were valued at 11(1 hss than $25,000, the dani.Mjie done to them aniountinp to nearly $7,000. The loss on the contents of the buildiiip and on the expensive machinery was almost einiiil to the total value put ui)on both, $IS.000. The fire was "accidental," that is ii using defective pulleys that caused .sufficient friction to make tbi premises JKiiite could be coiusidered as exercising necessary care and judgment in protect- inj: the building. About 1) o'clock on the evening of April 10, 1S94, the great blind factory of A. R. McKinley & Co., on the south side of iSt. Albau street, burst into flames, the Intter proceeding from one of the paint shojis. The building was a frame one to a jrreat extent and its contents were of the most inflammable nature. Great flames of fire shot high up into the air and the light could be seen |)tainly as far east as the Kingston Road. The loss amounted to almost $9,300 ; towards this the insurance policies held by the firu) reached $0,500, leaving fi net lose of $2,- 800, bei^ides loss of trade and emi)loye8 being thrown out of work. The cause of the fire waa attributf^d to spontaneous combustion. Sunday, April 16th, less than a week after the fire just recorded took place, saw another fearful fire in Toronto. Tt wns on the extensive premises of James Kohertson & Co., 265 to 283 King street, on its southern side, west of Dorset, and extending almost to John street. The firm were saw and lead mnuufaeturers, the place being known as th > Dominion works. The firemen, under I'lchard Ar- dngli, worked, as they always do, with unceasing energy, but, despite all their efforts, the building was all but destroy- ed, with the greater portion of its con- tents. The '.1*18 on the building and con- tents Was nearly $61), 000, happily for Messrs. Robertson, fully covered by in- surance. The cause of this fire was the same as that at McKinley's, sjioutaneous combustion. The stained gloss works of James Mc- Causland & Sou, at the back of 72 and 76 King street, ou the uorth side, about 150 yards to the west of Bay street, were badly damaged by a fire of incendiary origin on Monday, May 8th. The loss on building and contents was $14,500, and the insurance was $32,000. Holph, Smith k Co., the lithographers, of 51 Wellington, just west of Ray street, on the south side, suffered greatly by a fire which broke out in their sho{)s on Friday, August 25th. The cause was at- tributed, iu this case also, to spontaneous combustion. The damage done amounted to $10,945. Insured for $49,000. With only two exceptions the year 1S94 wns free from any very disastrous lires. One broke out on .January 7th on the north sidi> of tjueen street, just west of Manning, No. 700, owned by the Laud Security Company and occupied as a clothing store by Mrs. Cohen, doing dam- age to tlie store of about $(iOO, fully in- sured, and to the stock $3,600. This lat- ter loss was exactly covered by the in- surance policy. Four days later another blaze took place at the United Service Clothing Comi)any'8 premises, 97 King street east, when the loss was $1,000. This fii-e was caused by the ignition of the Christmas decorations remaining iu the window. There M'as ample insurance. On Wednesday, February 7th, a small fire occurred at 89 King street east, oe- cuj)ied by Messrs, IL & C. I'lachford as a shoe store and by Mrs. Caswell and others as a dwelling. The damage done was abt>ut $700 in all. but Mrs. Caswell was severely burned iu escaping from the flames. Friday, May 11, witnessed the first big fire of the year, when the two storey frame factory owned by W. R-iinkin, ou the north-east corner of Duudas street and Sheridan avenue, occupied by the E. R. Ruriis' Jam Company was totally de- stroyed. The stoit's oi Mallou & Woods and John Pearson, closely adjacent, were also damaged, as waa McConnell's tavern. The UvsHes were: Rankin, $6,620; Burns, $2,000 ; the others $S2, $151 and $540 respectively. In Rankin's c.-ise the insur- ance carried wii** only $3,310, in Burns' $1,500, so the loss of the former's was very heavy one. The rest were all fully protected. The cause of the fire was in- cendiary. On the afternoon of Sunday, August 19, the premises occup.i-d by W. N. Ferguson, .1. IL Ames aud Joseph Bunker, on the north-east corner of Bay and Melinda streets, were completely gutted by a fire which occurred. The building waa a, roughcast frame one, belonging to John Goodhall, and the loss, $1,500, was just equalled by the insurance. Ferguson, Ames aud Hunker lost $700, $1,451 and $250 respectively. They were all three fully iuHured. f A- lil r Al m 660 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. f'M I Mi V i The old 8inalI-poz Hospital, Broadview avenue, on the western side, adjoining Kivenside Park, owned by the city, was, by order of the Huthoritie^, destroyed by burning on Tuesday, September 25. The Becond great fire of the year oc- curred at 6 o'clock ou the morning of Sunday, October 28, in the three storey brick building owned and occupied by Withrow & Hillock, on the south-west corner of Queen and George streets. The building was gutted and damage done to the amount of nearly $7,000, though the insurance wa« ample, more than $12,700. The premises were occupied as planing mills, etc., and there was a large lum- ber yard in the rear. The fire, which was attributed to incendiarism, broke out in the moulding shop in rear of the main building. One of the firemen, Alfred Everist, driver of hose section, No. 5, was very badly injured by a falling beam, it being five weeks before he could return to duty. Two days later, at a paltry little blaze at the back of 75 Adelaide street west, the deputy chief of the brigade, Thomas Graham, was also injured by falling into a pit. He was laid by for some days. A fire, which did damage to the ex- tent of $4,500, occurred at 25 Front Btreet west on December 11. The premises were owned by Miss Staunton and occu- pied by Mclx-an & Co., shoe dealers, the Fringe and Tassel Company, Ciiarles Mit- chell & Co., and Cuthbertson & Co., both fancy goods dealers. Fire did far less harm tijan water, but except 4ihe Fringe Company, everyone wua fully insured. About 2.45 a. ni. on Sunday, January 6th. 1895, Michael Mc(2uade, one of the Holmea Electric Protection Company^si watchmen, discovered fire in the pre- mises of the Globe, Yonge and Melinda streeta. He was making the round of the building when, on opening the door of the boiler room, he was met by a cloud of smoke. He immediately turned in an alarm, but before the reels arrived the flames had gathered such headway that in twenty niiuuten they had crawled from the basement to the roof, and the dome of the tower tumbled into the Btrects. The first buildin,? to catch fire from the Globe conflagration was Hairy \\'tbl)'.s reislaurant on the iiorlh corner .i iMo- linda .-iiid Yonge, directly oppcwite. This lar^^e tlireo storey brick strueluri' was soon euvel(){)ed in flames. Tin- lirou^li Printing Company, on Jordan .stret-t, and Niehohis Itooney's wholesale dry goods houNo on Yonge street were the "next to suffer. In (piick .succession followed the To- ronto Lithographing Coinp;iny"s pn'- mises in the west end of the Globe build- ing. Jordan street proved so narrow as to be no barrier to the uU-devouriug ele- ment. Across it leaiwd, and the new ware- house of S. F. McKinnon Co., on the west side, was the next to go. In a few momenti^ after the outbreaJc of the fire the entire Globe building from cellar to roof was a maes of hissing, seething fire. The two elevator shafts on either side of the wooden stairway in the centre of the building made an excellent draught for the flames, and they were sucked up to every floor with instantaneous rapidity. As they ate up the woodwork the heavy machinery on the various floors soon broke them down, one after another, with a series of terrific crashes, until the entire contents of the building were hurled into the b.nse- ment in one inextricable and confused mass. The ro<}f then' fell upon the debris, and the weak walls of the structure were all that remained. Then the upi)er jjortiou of the wall on Melinda street bt>gan to cant outwards, and, in a moment, came tumbling to the street, throwing volumes of sparks high over the surrounding buildings. The Globe had two Bullock presses, eight type setting machines, weighing from 2,500 to 3,000 pounds each^ and a complete outfit for the conduct of a large newspaper. All this was lost, except records, which were recovered from the vault. The Toronto Lithographing Company, which occupied two flats of this build- ing, lost a large stock of presscH. valu- able atones and all the tools, Hamples and engravings of its artists and work- UKMl. The building was first occupied by the Globe in 1890, the improvements costing $70,000 and the entire building $90,000. The heavy wind di'ove the flnmefl acrwe u|K>n Harry Webb's restaurant, north-west corner of Yonge and Melinda. They soon ate iht'ir way through the vooi and found an easy prey in the interior, which, in a short space of time, was entirely consum- ed, with all its eilvenvare and valuable furnishings. The veering wind caught a mass of flame and Ih'ut it down u|x)n the root of Nicholas Room-y'H dry gootls e.stabliehment, just south of and adjacent to the Globe builil- iuK'. The building wn.s filled with \ aluable and inl'lamijMible goods, and tliey ;-y blazing embers f.alling u|)on the rotif from the toi) of the Globe building. Groat • IF >: LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 661 DESTKUCTION OK Till', <;|,!)B10 liUIKDlNd, S. W. (,0U. YONlJl'; AM) MELINDA KTS. — IS'.)"). J ."^il . !i I Ip! 662 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. maases of brick and other building ma- terial kept tumbling on the doomed ware- house, and it was imixMsiblc to save it. In the burning of this latter building occurred aeerioufl incident, which nearly cost the lives of Firemen Smedley and For- «yth and from which Chief Ardagh cventu- aJly dlini. These three were going through to attack the lire from that side whoai the chief decided to go l>ack for a hose braaich, and they started dovk'n the ele- vator, only to meet flames' on the floor bc- Jow. I"brHyth rushed to the wuulow and dropped twenty-five feet to the lane. In ppite of hw severe injuries from cuts on his face and head, he immediately frought as-istanco for the chief and Smedley. who, he thought, were hemmed in by flames. The two latter men had run back to the third storey, and found thorn-delves at bay iu earneflt. The fire (torched their hair, beards and eyebrows, and they saw there was only one passible chance for life. Cliii'f Ardagh weighed 225 pounds, and forty feet is a big drop even for a feather- weight. They shook handi and said "Good- bye," then the chief dropped and Smedley followed him. The chances were greatly against them, but both of them wen; able to crawl to Wellington street, where the squad of men Foivyth had sent to relieve them found them sitting on the (steps of a w^a re house. The chief attempted to get up, and with difficulty did eo ; he was sent to his home ill 8horboume street iu a hack, while Smedley was removed to Ids residence on Nassau street. A sudden gu«t of the variable wind car- ried the fierce flames from the Globe building across Jordan street to the hand- some heven-atorey warehouse just erected by S. F. McKinnon Co. The lire struck it like a lightning bolt, piei-ced the roof, and in an incredibly short space of time the licking tongues had enwrapped the whole interior of the magnificent structure. The roof and v^indows fell in, and floors soon bent and went down with a cra«h, and small iwrtionts of the walls followed. Only three days earlier a valuable stock from the old stoi-e, valued at i?125,000, had been moved into this building. The rear of Michie & Co.s grocery store was damaged, a large plate glass window being broken, as well a« other windows in the establi-hment. 4bout $1,000 worth of teas were injured by water. All the buildings in the vicinity suffer- €'d ia the same way, eome being blackened and blistered. The iskylights of the Os- goodby building were cracked by the heat. When the aerial ladder was being put in position on Melinda street the order to erect it was countermanded. At five minutes paflt three o'clock, when the gang of mcu were removing it, the wall of the Globe building fcH, and two men were buried under it. The aerial ladder required eight men to work it, four on each side, and the four men on the south side of the truck, imme- diately next to the burning building, were llobert Bowrey, Robert Foster, John Brown and John Hart, of the Lombard street fire hall. Bowrey stood on the lad- der as it roam8 attracted liifl attention and he I'an out into the street and saw flames flashing fnnn the top storey of the (Jsgnodby building. He ran immediately to box i'2 on Bay street and turned in the alarm, and in a few minutes the reels began arriving. Thousands of people were on their way liome from business when the great con- flagration ca.st its fearful reflection into the ekies. It waa only a matter of a few minutes till tlie crowds blocked the streets in every direction. Caretaker Caven left the window sill and went and shut the door of the room to keep back the emoko. Then he appear- ed again at the window. There was uo fire esca|)e in the build- iug, and the only way out wa.s the one they chose. The two women were terribly fright- ened, and it was with much trouble tliey were prevailed uixjn not to cast them- selves into the street. The life-saving net came from the 1/om- bard street hall, and hundreds of willing handa held it under the window. Mrs. Caven leaped into mitl-air, and fell uix)n the network of wires that stretched their icy length below her. There she hung for perhaps ten seconds before she fell into the net, turning over and over. Wrapixnl in a rug she was carried into the Ci'own Hotel and laid on the billiard table, where Ur. Garratt wa** called, and she was taken in the ambulance to St. Michael's Hospital. The great crowd held their breath as the form of the invalid came whirling down, and more than one of the men who were grasping the net said he turn- ed eick at heart and was afraid to <,)peu his eyes when the woman stinick the net. The sight of those three iwople away up there with the building in flames and the clouds of black, thick smoke swirling and sweeping all about them was one that 8tam|»ed itself indelibly on the minds of the thousands who watciied with their he.'irts in their mouths. Silence like death fell ou th<: crowd as the woman jumpi'd, and many a silent prayer went up from the hearts (if the great multitude, whose strong sympathy held them spell-bound. In watching the perilous descent of their companion, Caveji and Miss Thomit- son had forgotten their own the front of the building and over the roof to supply l)ower in a ii'oom on the third flat. These wires ran clo8(> to the right of the win- dow. Miss ThomiJBon reached out, grnsi)- ed th(!m and swung herself boldly out into them. Again the liuge crowd held its breath, awestruck and horrified, ns they cxjA'Ctcd to ecu the wires torn from ^ ^1 n 064 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. V thpir frail fa«teningB and the woman hurled into the street, ievcrity feet be- low her. Her grnap was not very firm, but ehe ■lid down rapidlj to the eecond storey, where she tried to follow th«m along the alide down the wires, and she was suffer- ing from a severe nervous shock. Caven followed her immediately, and also buc- ceeded in reaching terra firma. Up the elevator shaft went the flames, and in an inconceivably short space ol DESTRUCTIOS OF OSfiOODnY BUILDINC! ItV VIKIC, 1S{)."). borizoT, :i' roping -.vbicli Mrs. Cavon just grn;.. n Hho f""!! from the wires a few mo * ^ui.ro. Her strength gave out, ail ' • ;p;.(>d into the net. Ilcr h.nudfi wei ■- a 1 bleeding from her rapid time the structure was a furnace of fiery red from cellar to roof. The wind veered nnd changed about, and the direction o! thi' fire waa uncertain. At one time Me- Conkey'a rcKtauraut was in danger, and J LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Otia the firomcn played two atreams of water OD the Melioda street face of the building. A sudden change of the wind to the uorth- ©flirt decided the location where the light- ing was to be done. Clouds «rf sparks and coals of firo flew in Mazing sheet? orcr into the crowd that jammed Wellington street, and by eight o'cloclc people were beginning to find that location uncomfortable and trying to get around to the east side of the fire. From Molinda street a dozen utrearas were turned into the OHgoodhy building. Three lines were carried over the Crown Hotel, .ind from the roof of The Telegram trtorenoom cm Melimla street the firemen succeeded in saviiug the houses on the west side of the burning structure. At 7.30 part of the western wall of the new McKiunon warehouse fell into the premises of Park Bros. Every crn«h sent columns of smoke, dust and tspark,-* high in the air. The noise of the great fire and the shouts that rose ever and nnon from the crowd made a queer combination. Through it the fire- men worked away quietly but pcrelst- eutly. Half an hour after the fire l)egan the flames leaped to the roof of the ware- house at 30 Wellingtcm west, occupied by Thomas Dunnett iV: Co., furrieiv, and there the fire *ipre;id so rapidly that almost be- fore the streams were turned into it it was doomed. The (iceue during the fire wa;-( some- thiuK to 1k> remembered. Blocks away the crackle of the flames, the cra.sli of the fallinii; flnor-s and the cheers of the excit- t;(l crowd could be heard. The reflected l^lare lighted up the business portion of the city with aii intensity almost of day- liflht. The fire fiend seemed triumphant, and the crowd seemed at tunes to be over- awed and sensible of it.s own iKjwerless- Ui>ss a.s it watched the huge piles of flame that threatened destruction far and wide. The great pillars of nmoke struggled up into the air, and were beattli back by the fifice wind. The fiery koplioles that the windows opened into the •wildron of flame, (ind the I'ed and white tongues of fire that swept acros.s the streets and played nml nickered .arount^ the tops of nearby buiNinn'.-i were very teri-ible. The air wa« heavy with the heat, and the careering C()mbu.stiblefi that flashed fairy trails through the air were like the Faust Biock- cn wenes on an immense scale. The pcene, a« it appeared from the upper windows of the Merchants' I'.ank building was appalling. The location of The e«^utre of excitemeu* tad removed it- self to 'Wellington .street by eight o'clock. At nine o'clock the rush of the crowd was awful. Athletic six-footers were lift- ed off their feet and carried about like children in the pushing yet good naturcd crowd. The flames flashed across from the burn- ing warehouses to the roof of Runtin, Reid & Co.'s ewtablishment, and when the top of that got fairly started they some- times formed an arch completely over the street. Underneath the firemen worked silently and steadily. On the top of tiie Kilgour building was a s(|uad of men, but no water could he gotten, and their presence there was of no avail. Fi-oni Jordan slre(>t east there Avns a mass of wet. steaming huniiuiity, that gazed with upturned faces, that th" fire lighted with a toucli of colour, at the corridor of fire whicli the street pre- sented to the west. It is a wonder that no one was seri- ously hurt in the crush. Grand & Toy had rigs carrying away goods from their store, and ev^ery time they drove into the <;rowd there would be a stamiiedc' to get ont of the way of the horses. A |K>lice cordon was driitwu across Wel- lingt(»n, and the officers ever and again beat back the multitude that shoved against them, and threatened to surround the ambulance, wliieh stood in readinesa. ■Not more than half an hoxir after the fire Wfus discovered great tongues of fln.nie burst from the roof of the Osgoodby building to that of Major Oirlaw's ware- house, 30 Wellington street, occupied by Thomas Dunnett & Co., dealers in furs. In an inconceivably short space of time this five-storey building was a seething mass of fire, and rapidly went down into ruins. iieaching o\it for more food, the de- vouring flames wrapped theni-^elves about the next building west, oecupied by Bois- seau & Co,, clothiers, antl owned by the Snarr estate. This and the Dunnett i)uild- ing were joined in a terrific mass of fire, that sent out gre.at volumes of smoke and s|)arks, and Jui intensity of lieat that drove the firemen back from the placo^ Many of them had narrow escapes from falling walls and tinil)crs and crashing glass and signs. The next outbreak was to a building used 1)3" Robert Darlin,j; & Co, Jind Ray, Rennie & Co,, .also owned by the Snarr estate, wholesale woollen dealers. The fL'unes at once permeated the entire .structure and ate up everything in it. The walls separating these buildings came down with a terrific cra-sh, send- in/ immense vf^aaies of sparks skywards find again endangering the lives of the firemen. The next building seized wafl that of B. II. Gray & Co,, manufactUrera t i ^i m il!!'if n M^p.^' t'-'] 66G LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. of wliitfwure. Stculthily, llku uumu duiiiou beut oil a terrible vonj^euuce, the I'iru ate its wuy i^aHtward until it forcod an entruuco uud eoiiceiitratinfj; its oui'ifry withiu the walls gathered forw and I'ur.v Butil suddeuly it burwt from the rtiol" in tremeudoiw sheets that lit ui» the heiiveuH with a fiery i^low that inaili- the H\yn(i- tucle as awlul a^ it was ma gull ic ut. The Ktrejiiius of water were entirely iu- ade(iuiite to reju^h tiie ui>{K'r Hteutacle. Thous luls stood awed, beholding the scene. The eouflagrit^tiou was now .at its height. Several sections of hose were now carried to the roofs of adjoining huilding.s. Tlu; eastern half of the Buntiu, lieid building, occupied by Buntin, Reid iV: (.b., it seemed impo.'vsil)le to save, but betwe(Mi ihe two there was a wall 24 inches thick, and it resisted the onslaught to the last. Shortly before this J. D. lionald's ste;iin fire (Migine was brought down I>ay street amid <'lu'ers of the crowd. It was stationed near Wyld, Gra.sett & Darling's warehouse e.nd a line of hose was imiiiedia tel y eai'ried to the building's top. From tills point of vantage the fire in Hart ife Uiddell's was Bubdued ijv 10. HO. The large ]>late glass windows on llii' Wellington street front of Wyld, (Irasi'tt ifc Darling's were craeked. All the iiartners in' the liriii were early at the scene and ;us.sistid by em- ployes spread Wkt blankets across the broken windows. Wet lilaiikeis were also iised by employes of W. K. I'.roek. While William Cr.awford, a fireman of the ISei'keley street hall, was carrying hose ujwtairs in the Cra.v building Ik- Blipped and fell 15 feet. He was picked up greatly stunned ; tho ambulance wa« called, and he wan taken to the General Hoapital. When the doctors examined him, it was found that hia back was hurt ojid that he bad Bustained other in- juries. -Vrthur Robinson, connected with the ! Yorkville ho»e, had his hand and wrist badly sprained while breaking into the Kilgonr building. He was using the noa- zle of the hose in his baud at the time. The load's sustjiined by the different parties and the amount of insurance aar- ried arc given below, and may be con- sidered fairly accurate : — Loss Insurance J. VV. Woods, owner Os- goodby building $ .5.5,(»00 $25,000 J. y. Reid, building... 25,000 .'Jo.OOO Hart & Riddell ;i5,000 2.5,0< K) Ray, Rennie & Co 100,000 OO.tXIO Buntin, Reid & Co 10,000 40,000 Hunter, Rose & Co 500 covered R. H. Gray, building.. .30,000 I2,5UO do stock .50,000 .'W.OOO Thos. Dunnett 50,000 .")O,00O Major Carlaw, building ;J0,000 20,000 Wyhl , ( ; nisett & Darling 500 K. Roisseau 00,000 .W.OOO (). H. Wilson 5^0 covered Rbt. Darling & Co, stock 75,000 tiO,000 do building 15,000 10,000 Cohen Bros S,000 5,100 < !. T. ( ioirie 3,000 1,000 Merchants Cotton Co., Montreal 18,000 S,000 Vannouth, Duck & Yarn Co 22,000 15,000 J. E. Knox, ])ersonal . . 1,500 Brereton & Manning... 40,000 Siemens & Kvel 15,000 W. L. Haekev 10,000 W. S. Johnson 15,000 Union Card & I'aper Co, Montreal 10,000 J.H. Scconibe, saddlery, hardwai'c 4,000 Bastedo & Co., furs. . . . 4,000 Snarr estate .35,000 Corticelli Silk Co 1 ,000 25,000 12,000 covered 10,000 7,000 4,000 3,000 25,000 covered .'?72.3,on(i .•.5oo It is a. curious fact that nearly alw.aya such occurrences new sture on the south- west corner of Yonge and Queen streeta, ha his funuieos, and ciime out througli the manliolo in the pavement. .Mexaniler XL'Ki'e is a Holmes LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 0G7 Electric Protection Company watclimau, and he had just turned in a Hif;niil to his office from a box at P. JaniifsouB store, oil the north side of tho Htrtvt, anil crossed over to apeak to Farley. Th<'y had just spoken whi'u they heard tlic noisi* of crackiiiff BlaH!», to whicli they paid no attention at first. As it contiiiiKMl. they thought it Ava-s Homo one breaking windows in Knox Presbyterian church, and climbed over the fence to see if tliey Only too well the firemen feared that ati nlariu from No. 32 meant nomcthinfl nerious, and they were strainiug every nerve. Farley entered the coal hole, nud ran out 60 feet of the hoae from oni> of tho attachments that were located all over the building, lie could .secure no water fjower, and tiie fire, eating along tlie leiling. drove him back into the street. The alarm reached headquarters at f' i THK OSOOOnBY BUimiNO, MEMTTD A STREET, DESTUOYKD BY FIRE could find anyone. From there they saw tho flames coming out through the basement windows in the south-west end of Simpson's building. P. C. Hoberts, of No. 2 division, w;>s pas.siug, and MoKee shouted to him to pull an alarm. In a moniout the signal went in from bo.x: 32. Fire bells rang all over the city, and wpary s'hopkeei>- trs, who had just got nicely into bed, wei-e awakened by the clang of the reels and the »wift gallop of the I'lyiug hoi-sea. 12.33. Tho Lombard street si'i'tion, with, I'cputy Chief Tliomi>sou and Aaaiatant Villier.s, was first on the neeue. Bay street, Berkeley street, Wilton avenue, Queen street and Yonge street were the next in, and in lc«w than six minutes four stream*! of water were being poui'eij into the basement. Through the Queem street door an entrance W!is effected, ami the deputy chief issued onleis to flood the first floor. The streajus of water directed into the basement were rapidly 608 LANDMARKS OF TOHOXTO. getting tho best of tho flamfw, whtm thoy raaulv!'! tlu' olovator Hhaft, luul tho builtl- ing wii« dooiiiod. Up the firo wont liko lightning, and Hpread itself over tho third and fourth Htoreyn, BontliiiR wirkcd-look- ing tonguca out through tho Avost win- dowH. At 12.41 tlie goiioral iilarni \vii« eent in, and iu five minutes tho whole grojit structure wan a nia«H of flninOH, shedding a luriil glare from every win- dow. Tho «outli-wo«t wind drove tho fire out toward Queou and Yonge etreefc^. and the gale that was blowing was fieix'e enough, had it boon from tl>e nortii. to have dofltroyod the wliole block. Ciiii'f Grnlliam thought that the building Avas a riaiius place to fight fire in, and when tii(> lyoinbard .street men were driven hack from tiie Queen fVri'ot side he would not /illow amy more of his men to cuter the building. Tiiree lines of hose "were laid in by way of tlie Knox ciiureli grouuds. and another was carried in through the Christian Institute from Uieli- jiKNid wtroet, and helped th(> wind to savlten boa.t.s in great Hheets out over the city that lay silent beneath them. Whirling and dashing through the mid- night air, on the wings of the .sou'-wester, those showers of flame were meteoric ine«-;engora of the dostvuction that tho fire-fiend WcO* warring gleefully, and peo- ple beg.'vn to bo ai)prehenKive that Queeu and Yonge streets would not be the only (scene of i"uiu. Crowds of spectators had by this time arrived on the scene, and for block-s iiround the streets were jammed with excited peopl(>. Men who resided anywhere near were getting their Lares and Penates into ehafie for immediate removal to t^ome place ♦f safety. Women with apron's over their head« iuid children in their arms wore almost in hysterics as they ran about giving tho alarm. StorekeoiRM-s in tlie im- mediate neighbourhood were in a state of wild terror and did some very ludicroiiH thinga iu theii* endeavour to save their property. People wore running with thoir iH'dcIothos in Iheir arms and their port- able valuablofl jammed into their pocliets. One man was «een running with a bar- ber's chair on h'w back. Tho whole interior of the big Simpson building had by this time become Himply one great caldron of flame. The am^e burst up through the roof and went sail- ing away to the eastward over the city. Flames were leaping in demoniac glee around the windows and out of every opening. Through the amoke and flame the steel columiw and girdera could be seen outlined in bright red. Twi«ting and s(iuirming nnd knotting themselves to- gether like live creaturea, they pulled the whole structure to pieces. ITio floors had given way and crashed into the cellar. The columns bt>gan to collapee, tho roftf went through, and then the brick pier« upon which the main weight of the build- ing was carried came down in sections of ;i storey at a time carrying away the pillars and girders in their fall. The fear- ful heat drove tho firemen out of Queen street, and they had to change their modus operandi. Uerkeley street coupled to a hydrant iu trout of tke Imperial Itank, and carried their line in through th" Treniont House and up on to the roof. Wiltou avenue brigade laid their hose Iroiu the same hydraait to the roof of .Milne iS: Co.'s hardware eatablishraeut, and they prei)ared to fight any extension of tho fire in that direction. The demon-like flanuw had wrapjjod themselves around the whole of the departmentJil store like the red mantle of Mephisto, and they leap- ed and writhed and shot out great clutch- ing arni.s liiat tscemod to reach e.ovotou«ly I'oi- the neighbouring buildings. Grim and gaunt f of the extension another ladder was shoved h m 670 LANDMAKKS OF TORONTO. up t«> till! nxjf u( tlii^ iiiaiii buildiiiKi o'l'l the tlirL'f men iiiadi' all wpcod to ti'irii finitii. SiiniiltaiieouHly with tlio Trciiioiit Hoiihc till! Iiiirdwaiu cMtiibliHlinK'nt of .loliii Millie A Co., till' Kt'iitM* fiiriiiHliiii^ Htorc of Duiil'icld & Co., MiKiMliniiVH barber b1io|i, C. M. IleiidiTHoii'M aiiutidU store, and the Iin|HM'ial liank bcK'ni to liliixe in tlie upiH'p BtoroyB. lOver.vone eseaped from the Trernont llonse, and tlie bank nflifialH removed all tlieir b(i;an to tliiiik that tlii> bijr bbicli, including tlie Confederation I-il'e BiiililiiiK, would .'ill ^,'<>, but it was not to be. Then the fire leap<' actual fire bloke out. 'I'lieii there came a swift, Hudden da.sh of I la me from a. tiiird-Htorey window on the mouIIi side, and in a few uiinutes the building looked as tiiouwli it had been burniiiu,' iiisiih- for lioui's. and only iust then the flames lia.d forced their way inlo vi(!w. The flame curved and caracoled about the block, ami jiwejit in and out of the windows like devils jday- luij ;it hide-and-.seek. The smoke liuni; its black pall over tie) roof, and the fire leajK'd out and drove its myriad forked toiigucH up through the murky cloud that Bwirli'd above. The fire had uow obtained a [iKjld on each of the four corners, and the thought of possible ulti- mate cousetiuenees was appalling. The tiremen worked nobly, handicapped i\e they were, and a little after two o'clock they wore brought face to face with an- other fearful danger. A firebrand had been carried by the wind over on to the roof of the Pythian Hall, in the Hardy block, at Queen and Victoria streets. There it lay smouldering and flickering, wondering whether to go out or not, until it .set fire to the sliiiigle:^ jiud the flames bui-st from the Victoria street windows. Then the firemen were out- flanked, but they prom|)tly detailed the Ossiiigtoii avenue men to leave the Hendersf fciutdiffe's, and another line wafl brought through McPherson's nIioi. fltore from Y'onge street. These fought back the flames while three streams weru played on the Katou building's roof by Eaton'H own brigade. The great effort uow was tt> save Eaton's big block, uim] every force was concentrated ou tiiia point. The inadeipiate uppliauces put the fire- men in a bad ):« the fire drovi! them nk>wly back on to thi roof of Eaton's, the fire breaking out through the roof where they had been standing. To the eouith the fire wall be- tween VVaulesfl' store and Simpson's was ull tiiat saved the block. The small Hcnald engine belonging to Mr. II. \V. Petrii', wa« i>ut in position outside Gourlaj', Winter <.V: Leeming'ji piano «tore ou Yonge street, and did splendid work. Two streams were thrown into the blazing 8ho|xs by tliis machine. The feature of the fire wa-s the use ol a little old engine that had been stored jiway as Uhj o!il-liushioned to be of any iLse. This machine proved to the satis- faction of any sane man that engines are a necessary complement oi the wiuipment of a fire brigade, and that the C.'inadian engine, which the .'xpertu condemned, w;is as good as the beat in the world. Sever;il streams were poured from it into the front of Sutcliffe's. ami it undoubtedly .saved Ji;»tou'a big estan- ILshment from the flames. (!liief Graham said the little lioiifild did grand service with 200 feet of ho.*:!! fa.st to it. A steam fire engine could have thrown water on to the Siinpison building from a distance where liis nicn would have been snfe when they could not stand near ejjough with their pre- "icnt pressure for i.ar of the walls. Few are the p'\>p!e vlio have ever seen a steeiile in fhiiues. Knox church s])iri' was a wooden " 'C'.iini on i\, brick tower well'and heavily '.milt. Like a guardiiin sentinel it had stcMid for an hour, black and straight, over the scene of havoc that the tii'e was making almu-'. Ill ' f? p"^^-: '■■*■,■'■. ■ ■■-■ ■•••1 . ^^j'i.■r^wS*r»«*'• :« -fr^^-^- . (up. ii;ii & \'H m (iprpfidiu in a el tiilitiniin h.ird. ii"il fro «.|' Iho i'.ist ccv: Htoioy. strot'te. iiiond fr('i>(iju)r and graspinp; the woodwork in .1 <'lulch that was novi-r to Ik' uii- tijlUiMimL Evorywhoro tin* fiRht wn« hard. Two lines of lioao wore car- ried from Queen street into the top of the Ilenderflon hlcvk, on tl»e north- oast corner, uiul two hranchew from the roar .suooeoded in Hiivini: all hnt the top Htoioy. The whole biiildinil was dronchocl. ri(>e was laid from Quoon and Victoria streets, and linen were run from Rioh- nionil utroet niulor the archway of the Coufofleration Life buildinc, to i>lay on the InirninfT .stores on the eawt side of Yonpe street south of Queen street. Only the \ipper storeys of them all, Milne's Bton^ excepted, were burned. Everytxxly thoiipht that th(> big bnild- iiitr of the Confederiition Life Company \\ould surely kuccu ib. The slate roof fairly steamed with the heat, and the wind w;is all that saved it from tleetruc- tion. i'. Eaton A: Co-'s system of protection an imraon-ie jiid to the firemen. They >lx niRht watchmen and a Grinnell luallc sprinklor system, with three ants on the i-oof. Tho^e three hy- lir.nts were a bijv factor in thp fifiht, and the brifjado admitted the assistance roudored by the sixteen member.s of the Eaton staff who won' on hand. Sam McGow.'in, of Yorkvillo avouiio hook and ladder, v,-a« struck by a piece of fallinfi ladder from Kn|M'n coal hole in front of yinip- s<>ii'pi. Ho vas tiikoa homo. I'iroman K.-hiii.son, of Vorkville, pot fw hiokon wrJ.st, but rcturii'd after having it droewd at li •• hi'spitnl. liobt ft Pjvl.s<.n iind William Feathens worked in the 'i'renirMi; House. They \i a> ha.l ■mi. In-, uiKl wore cut by the aky- nn^n had a close shavi ' into the basement of the eastern wal jiini|ied futi-^ni U'' c from Iho main iwif on to the klvC'iU'V li-ht. Ihrec nn^n fror. l/orkeley street hall lit u playinp a stream of Simit London and Lancashire 20,000 North British & Mercantile 20,000 .4':tna lo.OtXl Connecticut Fire 1 5,000 London Ass. (%irporation 15,000 Norwich Union 15,000 Sun Insurance, of London 15,000 Manchester Fire 12,000 Atlas Assurance 10,000 P'ire Insurance Exchange 10,00<* Hand-inHand 10,00<1 Nat ional 10,000 North America 10,000 Phienix, of Hartford 10,000 Queen Fire 10,000 LTpion Assurance 10,000 Agiicultural 7,500 Guardian 7,000 Alliance, Eastern Assurance, Eco- nomical, Gore F'ire, Hartford, Im- perial, United Fire, each . 5,000 Western Assurance Co. , (part rein- sured) 40,OW Wellington Mutual 1.500 if i ^,;i; i /( LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. i II i'''a t ■ CHAPTER CXCVIII. THE REGISTRY OFFICE, A Department of the Public Service which haH been Kemoved f^oiu Plnee t« Place with Kemarkable Frequency. Often as the custom housesand poiit offices were shifted about from cue place *-> the other until they found iheir present abiding placesi in the buildingB thty now occupy, another department of public service was more frequently moved. Thi., was the repistry 1 the ', iind it is a noteworthy fact thit although changed so frequently, occupy in a; quarters in private liouoea, many of them of frame, no pipers have ever breu lest uy fire or liny otiier caus'. In 1796 a reg stVy t-fEce was established foi the illustrated in a previous chapter. Tu this house, Mr. Cameron transferred the nga trai!-hip of the Ho ne District, on his ac ces-ioii to the office. Mr. Cameron was succeedtd by Steplien .larvis, who again n moved the ofbce to II is dwelling at the south east corner of Duke and Sherbourne streets. This house was of framj and like tiio otheru has been described and illustrated. Samuel Ridout was the next legistrar. H'- fit 8t ( stabliahed the offici.^ in the hous.^ of John Dennis at the north-east cor- ner of King and Ynnge street. This was a fram ' building with a large fruit garden, about chief among the products of which were delicious p urns. This building was dcsttoyed at least inrty years ago. For a long time it was the only building tliere- abouts. It was a longish oue storey stiur COD.NTY RKOISTRY OFFICE— RIC'II.MOND ST . IlKTWr.KN YoNUE ANU HAY STRKKTS. Home District, theri^ was no county of York then, nut until many yea s afterwards, and Mr. Thomas Riduut wai appointed th^■ hist registrar. He establish d the < Wic'. at his house, the Ridout homestead, which has bei'n described and illu trattd in a previous chapter. This was a frame hui'diui; on Duk- srct. Mr. Riddut was succeeded in the office by DuiH-in Ciim'rui. a very eaily and priMii- iiii nt, resident (if York, one of the niemlier*; of the L Tislitive Council, and one of the founders of .St. James churcli, and a mem- ber of it from its e>tablishnient. M . Cameron had previi us y Imiit for a re^i dence the hou^e ,it the corner of Front and Vji'ortrc street?, which he afterwards sold to (J'or^e Monro and is now known as the Bliick H'irse Inn. 'ihn building which was of framt^, has also been described and ture.painte 1 white with a palinij in front and l.u^'o willow trees. Mr. Dennis who bui t ir, was formerly sup.'iint nd> ut of the dock y.irds at Kiiig-,ton. He was oue of the United Empire Loyalist refugees and receiv- ed a grant of land on the Iluniber near the modern vi Inge of West n. His son J. soph l>eniii- owned and .oniinanded a vessel on Lake Ontario in 1812. When ttie war with the United States b.oke out he and his ship "ere attached to the Provincial marine. lis vessel was captured and he was made a prisoner ot war in which condition he ninained for fifteen months. He after- wards comnii>.nded the I'riucess Ch;u lotte, an early steamboat on Lake Ontario. Mr. Ridout estab.ish the registry offi 'e in tliis buildinp of .John D niiis, in 1827, and in.dnaimHl it there for a w i or a little muif. In 1S'J8 he moved the "« ffioe to Patcrson LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. «7S ?f \ ^ biiildiug previously deicribed, wliich stood about midway between K Ukt and C Ibonio street on the west side of West M>rkot Ktrept. Ttiib was also a framn buildius;. The offic • remained here but a few months ut ihe eud of which tim Mr. Ridout trans- turred it tJ the builditi); o* James Beaty uii the south side of Kitifi' street between George and Frederick streets. Hr-re the i.tiice was kept for a year. In 1829, Mr, Hidout built at his personal expense for the purp'>se of a registry office a small brick t>uildinK on the north side of Adelaide btnet opposite St. James Church. This buildiiiy has been dehtroyed. In 1849 while Mr. Ridout held this ofiice a law was pissed that the regi^tiy ( ffice should no longer be kept in a private residence, but must be maintained in a public building;. At the same time the office was established as the county registry. As yet there was no distiict city registry, the ci y forming part of the county. In accordance with the act of 1849 thu county built a small one storey stone fire proof building where the office of the gas company new stands, on the east side of Toronto street just north of Court street. This bud liiij; iias been destroyed to meke way for the building which now occupies the site. In 1855 Mr. Ridout who had been deputy iCL'ister for niciny years, succeeded his fathei Samuel, ill the office which he has since filled. In lS;VJthe couay and city registr.irships were divided. At quite a recent date tlie pre- sent brick county regisfy huildintj was erected at the north-east corner of Rich- inriiid and Clare streets. When trie city Hi;d county tiffices were separa'ed Josi ph Moirisoii btcaine the first city r uistrar. He established the < ffice in ttie iipp-r rooms of a buildinj; on the .-ouih sid'' ot Wellington street l>et\Vi en L!ay and Voiige .-^tr et near tlic Merch mta B.mk. Ihe building is .still stamiitiL'. Ml. Murrison held the uflico but a ishor* lime ind was succeeded by Sunuol Shi r- wcod. Mr. Sliet wood was a lawyer lie re- pie.sinted (Ji(!nvilie in 18l)4. an I was one of the C'lUnrel who ni Earl Selkirk'.* setile- inenl for trial in 18M) on charjji s of mur- der und Milibcry. During Mr. Sh.rwood'.s tenure of ( llici' the city put up for a rej^istiy office a small brick building on the north >hi<: of Court street, near the site of the police court. Mr. Siierwood considered the iiuiidrig unsafe ami unsuitable for the purpose f( r which it was d' signed, and re- m»ei to tah.. the responsibility of kei ping the r'curds in it. He transfi i red ihein to lit!, own house, oDce kuown as Dorset II >i4se, and later as London Hou-e, on the n-rth tide of Wellington street, ju-t east of John street. This building which is now des- troyed, has been described and illustrated previously Mr. Charles L'ndsey was Mr. Sherwood's successor in the office of city recistrar. IJe first escabb,;ihed the office in the build- ftig of the Royal Insurance Company at the south east sorner of Yonge and Wel- lington streets. The city then put up the building on the south side of Richmond street, west of Vonge, which has since been occupied, Mr. Linds^'V having the office. CHAPTER CXCIX. JORDAN POST'S SHOP. The Old m^atctaniaker ef York-Karly Be> collections of a Tall New Englander— His Shops on Dnke and KlnR streets. Fancy the venf>rable watchmaker of ninety years ago, revisiting the scene of his labours, and finding his town lot of a few hundred feet, bounded on the north by King street, on the east by Yonge street, on the west by Ray street, ami on the south by Melinda stieet, worth in 1802 about a couple of hundred dollars, now valued at over a million dollars. Jordan Poc. 11th, 1S()2.'' PkksI'h Bliop on Dnki- strcft wnn on till' iiortli fiidk> iu>.'ir the corner of Jarvi.s. A iioplii'W of liiM kei)t hotel hero some years after. r.i'.sidi's the block described above, Mr. Post hail acquired other valuable pro- |n rties iu Yo:k, a.s will appear by an advertiseinent in the Weekly KeRi.stei- of .l.iniKiry IDtli, 1826, from which also it will be seen tliat he at one time contem- plated a pift to the town of one hund- red feet frontage and two hundred feet of depih, for the purpose of a Kccond IHililie market. " Town lots for sale. To he fiold by auction on the premises, on WiMlnewday, the first day of T'ebruary ii'xt, four town lots on Kinfi street, west I'l (ieorpe street. Al.so, to be lea.sed at the same time to the hiphest bidder, for tweuty-iuie years, subject to such con- diti<>iis as will then be produced, six lots ou the west side of YoiiKi' street, .and twerity on Market street. The Subscriber has reserved a lot of Kround one hund- red feet front by two hundred feet in the rear, on George street, for a market place, to be given for that purjio.H'. He will likewise lease ten lots in front of said intended market. A plan of the lots may Im' seeu and further )>nrticular8 known by ap|)licatioii to the sul)seril)er, Jordan IVist. York, .Tan. 4th, 1S2()." Ou the arrival of Sir Francis Oore in York on the 30th of September, ISlTi, we find amongst a tleputation of the priuci- |ial merchants Jonlan Post, sr., nnd dor- dan Post, jr. Among the sidiscribers to a ■' common sclio)! " in Y'ork, iu 1S20, we find Jordan Post down for tl7 Os. ;{d. Philip Klinger for £2 10s., and Lardner P.ostwiek for £2 10a. Ou one occasion ahout Lsari some of the boys of the town tried to steal a \voodeu clock that hung fr< m the doorway, aud the escapade eml- oil in the cUx'k falling on Craig, knocking him down and killing him. fraig was the owner of a distillery over tlie Don •iml nephew of liishop Strachan. Iu 1S20 P<*si moved west to the south-east cor- lii'r harbour, ou the south side of Front street, and on the west of Peter street, there once sttiod a pretty little Cf>ttage, with a garden and a grove surrounding it. The cottage was n storey aud a half high, of frame, jrainted white, with green blinds and dormer windows. It wa* enclosed by a boiird fence. The main entrance wa.'i at the e;ist end, and ruuuiug around the house ou this side from the gate was a path leading to the bay side of the building where was : the entrance most commonly used. Ou the beach, just west of the bank where the cottage stood, was a much frequent- ed bathing-place Oi)iKwitc the cottage, oa the north si e of Frout street, was the (lovernuu^nt wood yard. Diagonally , across, on the north-cast corner of Frout I and Peter street, stood, and still stands, the house of the Hon. George Crookshank. The bay shiuv cottage, aud the laud on ; which it stixxl and all about, was Ord- nance pro|H.'"ty. S<'veral men of local, or more than local celebrity, at different times have made the humble dwelling their home. : The first was Col. N. Coffin. He came to Y'ork with Lieutenant-Governor Sir Peregrine Maitlnnd, ou his a|>poiutment iu 1818, aud his name is found among the subscribers for the Don ^ ridges iu 1822. Two years later he Avas one of the party which accompanied Sir Pere- gr lie i>n a tour to Lower Canada. The Cai.'idian Review for December, 1824, after lueiitiouing the arrival of the party I at the Mansion House in Montreal, says: i " In the morning his Kxcelleucy break- I fasted witli Sir Francis IJurtim (the Lieu- j teuant-Ciovernor of Lower Canada from j 1808 to is;{2), at the (iovernment House, I whom he afterwards accompanied to 1 (Quebec in the Swiflsure steamboat. Sir Peregrine is accompanied by Lord Ar- thur I/euuox, Mr. Maitland, Colonels Fo.<<- ter, Lightft, Coffin and Talbot, with the Hon. F. (!. Stanley (from 1851 to 1809 Farl of Derby), grandson of Earl Derby, M.P. for Stockbridge, John K. Deuison, Fsq., (subsequently SiR'aker of the Hoiise of Commons), M.P. for Newcastle-upon- 1: 1 .; i^ m i i m m t'iii Vt / i •*,' M mi W". w m 676 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Tjue, nud JaiucB S. Wortlcy, Esq. (nfter- ward« Ix)rd Wharncliffe), M.P. for Roa«i- uey, iu Cornwall. The three latter gentU- meu are uow uiioii a tour in this country from Euglaud." In 1828 Col. Coffin, then Adjutant-General of Militia, wh« sum- nioued to app»^ar before a committee of the House of A8Beml)ly, to give evidence in relation to a treejniHs on Government proixTty at N'ingara Falls, as was also Col. Giviiifl. fc»ir Peregrine Maitland re- fused jK?rmi8*iioii to attend, upon which both officers were arrested and locked ui> in jail. Col. Coffin wrote a letter from the jail on the evening of their ar- rival to Major Hiilior, the Governor's privaU^ secretary, 'riiis is a Cf>py of it : " York, March 22ud, 1828, Sir,-I beg leave to request that y(tu will state to the Lieuteuant-Governoi- that in obedience to the communication I received through you, that his Excellency could not give me fiermissiou to attend a committee of the Hovwe of Assembly for tlic reason therein stated ; that 1 did not attend the eaid committee, and that in conse- quence thereof I have been committed this evening to the common jail of the Home District, by order of the House of Assembly, 1 have, therefore, to pray that hie Excellency will be pleased to direct that I may have the advice and assist- ance of the Crown officers to enable me to take snch stefts as I may be instruct- ed on the occasion. 1 have the honour, N. Coffin, Adjt.-Gen. of Militia." No re- dress, however, was obtained, and Col. Coffin and Col. Givins were confined in jail until the close of the session. They afterwards brought an action against the Speaker of the House for false im- prisonment, but nothing was recovered. In the Royal Engineers was an officer bearing the name and rank of Captain Philljjotts. He was the brotlier of Bishop Phillpotts. He first comes to the notice of the people of y(jrk when the Ixiyalist, quoting the Niagara Gleaner, relates that Sir John Colborne (Kiid a visit to the Falls, going on liori«back, anil accom- panied by Captain PhilljKitts, on Mon- day, November 10, 182.S. This was when Bir John was on his way to York, im successor to Bir Peregrine Maitland in the Lieutenaut-GoviTiiorsliip. Captain Philli)ott8 came to York with Sir John and l)ecame his n.vi#tary secretary. The captain was a fine looking man, of me- dium height, rather inclined to embon- point. He was a familiar figur<' to the inhabitants of York, especially on Siin- diiy mornings, when he would WJilk down to St. James' church with Sir .John Col- borne, re^;Jlen^lent in Co<'ked hal, while feathers and gold-laced unifoiin. Caiitain PhilljiottH left Y'ork bcfon' Sir John C(,l- borue, going either to the Lower Pro- vinces or returning to Eugland. His «>on remained liere, studied law, was admit- ted to the bar, and prnctisud his prt>- f ess ion up to the time of his death. Auothei occupant of the bay shore cot- tage wati ICaymoud Baby. He wits a pupil of Dr. Strachan'fl Home District Grammar ScluKd in 1819, aud in 1827, attired as an Indian Chieftaiu, he was one gress. A guard stationed there also forbade fur- ther advance. The officer in comma nil. Captain Honnycastle, appears, aud the M;iyor and corporation are informed that the two bridges before them are, by the Command of the Lieutenant-Governor, juvsented to them as a free gift for the benefit of the inhabitants, that they nniy in all time to come be enalded to enjc y the salubrious air of the |)eninsula, the only stipulation being that the bridges should be free of toll forever to the truops, stores and ordnance of the sovereign. The Mayor, who, as eye-witnesses rejort, was arrayed in un official robe of purple velvet, lined with scarlet, read the fol- lowing reply: " Sir,— On the jiart of his Majesty's faithful and l<»yal city of 'lo- roiito, 1 receive at yonr hauila the in- vestiture of these bridges, erected hy command of his l^xi'idlency the Lieuten- aitl-(ioveriior, and now delivered to the Cor[>oration for the benefit and acconum*- dation of the citizens. In the name of the <'ouimon Council and the citiziMin nf Toronto, I beg you to convey to liin l.x- celleney the grateful feelings with whicli this new instance of the IxMinty of unr !!!'«'. jrnicious .'-oveieign is received; aiid I take this , 9 5lJ*t i'.T' \ ' r -\'-'» *i 'V .V ■■ » .'•?""iA' ■■■■■■ ^ ■ lit-— «*>' ,^,v;\i\, ■ ', ■ 1 1 V -V '*• ■ ^r\> ■'. .C'^- aj m Ji" If"" LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 677 (}(>viTiirti*'ut, uiiil to iH'tiy tlironKl* I>>m Kx- ii'lleiii'.v u. coiitiimiirii'i' «>( royal favour tow.inlH tliin city. 1 liiivc. oii tlic part (if till- (oriioratiou and citiziMiH, to riMjiit'Ht yim t<» MHHuru liiH Kxct'llt'iicy tla; Licutcu- , it-dovcruor thai his Kxcu'iicncy'M (IfNin? imtl Ki'ot'i^'i') t'Xt'rtioiiH for the health and wi'ifiiro of till! iiihahitaiittt of thirt city aif duly aud gratefully appreciated, and 1 Ix'j; you to convey t< hi« Kxcellency the iH'Ht wiHlu'H of uiyHi'lf aud luy fellow- I itizeiifi for tlitt health and happiiietw of hiH lOxcelleucy and family. Porniit me, Sir, for niywif and brethren to thank you (or the very liandHoine and (oiupliinentary iiianner in which you have carried his Kxi'i'llency'n coiiiinission into execution." Iiiiuiediately the band, who were Bta- tioned on the bridj^e, ntruck up the heart- Ktirrin>r air, (}«k1 Save the Kiiy?, during tlic iierforinance of which the gentlemen (if the corporation, followed by a lar>;e iiiiiuber of the inlial)itaiitM, passed un- covered over the bridp'. Three clieern were then K'veii res|)ectivi'Iy for the KinK. for his Kxcellency the I.ieutenant- (loveiiior, for the Mayor and Council of the city of Toronto, and for Captain r.unnyc4uitle. The ueiitlemanly and dij?- nificil manner in which both the addresses wire read did credit to tiie u;entleineii nil whom these tluties devolved, and the UiKxl order and f^ood h'.iuiour that pre- v;iiled among the siH'Ctators prewent were I'xceedingly gratifying." The above account appeared in the current issue of the Christian Ouarilian iiiid was copied into the Toronto Patriot if August 2H, IHSR. Mr. It. 1$. SuUiviin, tlie Huccessor of Williain liyon Macken- lie in the mayoralty, was the mayor at I'.ie. time. lie was nfterwards one of the ju(1kc« of the Court of Common Pleiis The bridges presented to the city on tliis occasion had a brief existence. A few vi'jirs later they were carrieil away liy spring floodn in the Don. What was r.itw ihe Island, but was then a peninsula, Win once plentifully stocki'd with goats, tlie offspring of a cokmy eKtablisiied by (iiivernor Hunter at (iibrallar Point for tilt' sjikc of the nourishing properties of ;:(Mits' milk. These animals were des- tiuyet! during the wiir of ISIU. At a lieridi .antedating the stocking r>f the M-'iiinsula large quantities of goats ran tit hirge on Goat Island, .•uljoining thi> Knlis ui Niagara. They were reared by an Eiii^lish soldier n:nned Stofiman, who, (111 opc'iiping a massacri! of his comrades in the neighbourhood of what is now Lf'v.iwton, at the hands of the Iroquois, t^odii (ift(>r the coiKiiiest of the country, Hci! tliither, and led a Kobinson Crusoe "ort ami car- ried" two iMTHiiiiM. 'J'hc r H«t in front. They were calU'il after the iianu'H oi the priiicipiil lake bteiiiiifis : Tlie Chief .luHtiee Uobinmm, ISritaiinia, (iu.'en, Transit, Niajrara anil PriiieesM Koyal. Other ealm built by Owen, Miller A MIIIh, a few years after Mr. J'.laeklturnV ini- lialion of tlie n:r two. The eah Ktani late yearj thi^ ha« been noiuinvhat inereased. The nuinberiiiK ol the vehicles hImi eaine iuto practice at iliis time. The fiist vaW men made so nunh money that snon the liU'iuesB wao ovenloae. Many nervanls left their maalers and went into th ■ new <*■■- cupation. Anion^.^t tlie*e weiv CharicH Abbott, a servant of William 11. lioiiltoii. nt The Grange; .Tanie.s Alexander 1 itz- pjitrick, and Juil^c llagernian'H co.u'h- iii.'in. George Davis, "who Iri.d l)een in tiie (service of Ix^rd Tnllamoiv, Iniilt a cab %vhich he named after hL-< old master. Later two brother.-*. .lohn and Willia.m Newell went into the buMnesw, and nliout the same time liobert Paul. Mr. Jo'ieph llazelton i-s an old Toroilo «'a,b owner. lli-i life in one re«|vct is renutrkailile. lie has never travelled in any vehicle but ix call. He Wiis never on a steamboat, a. railway train or a street car. II(« Ciwne out to this country in a sailing? Kliip. Some of the cabmeni, finding tlie competition too etronj?. abandoned cabs nltogether and went inu> the livery busi- ness. The first two-horse c.tb w!w« driven by Louis Walkrr. Like Bisiiop, lie wa« H Frrn^'h-Oanadian, and like him, too, his name was changed from thi' French La Mari'he into Walker. He lived on the north side of l)u •hi'»t« strcvt, a few doors ea^'t of Sl'.<'rl)ourne street. From this time cuiwai-d cabs, st.'iges, busses aueteney a score cK years .ago, l)ut he is not for- gotten, for grey-haired men now (1888) frequently greet liim with the exclama- tion, "Ha ! It is you who drove me to my wedding.'' or "You arc the man who drove my eldest boy to his christening." CHAI'TKR (('11. THE BRIGHT HOUSE. The Old llomi'ittratl oil Miirrn Htrecl KahI— .'oiiiiir KriiiiiilHcriirrH or a York I'iourer. In the latter part of 1804 a fire broke out in an old frame dwelling house on (JiieiMi street east, next rn. In 179t», Bright, the to York, and lived in a slab- site now occupied tk up his bef. 'i'here, sketch was elder, came built cottage on the by the Mail building. He was jirincipal messenger for n great number of years at the Provincial Par- liament buildings, anil was assisted for twenty-ticven years of that tinn» by his son John. He died in his hundredth ycju", alKMit 1S50. When the war of 1812 broke out, Jolin liright tfK)k up arms in resiHjuse to Brock's proclamation calling out the militia, and si'rved throughout the whole of the wjir. Writing in 1S8H, just after Mr. Bright's de.ath, Mr. 1>. B. Bead, in one of his works, thus S|)enks : " Old veterans like to fight their battles over again. Not long since I had an in- terview with old Mr. John Bright, tt't years of age, then living Ndow the Don, a veteran of the war of 1812, who was wounded .at the battle of I^undy's Lane, for which ho n'ceived .i (K-nsion. His eye brightened when his mind wjis stirred by recalling the scenes of the eventful night of the 2.')th July, and he could tell how, with the blessed moonlight shining on the comhiitants. the moon's i)alc light wan brightened by the blaze from the cannons' mouths, a sheet of flame, how man met man, iu the fearful caniage of bloody war." At the close of tlie war, Bright, still a very young man, little more than a boy, iu fact, Ix'gan business in the meat trade, and continued iu it successfully for a great number of years. I m Ii m I J' 1 . :nir ^ -i^ i 4M H 7 A 1 1 y. X LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 670 Wlii'ii filiout thirty ycaiM <>r ape lio liiul ;ic'(|iiirc unMit fin' of Mnn'Ii. lS!»ri. mid all tin' Imid !idjoiniiri' it, to Jiiiiii'M stn-ct on tlio wost, miii! to I.oui.-ii. wti'i'i't oil tilt' iiortii. Ml' tradi'd this (»il' ;; t'.i'rwmds witii ii man iiainiMl Wiiliaip Kliolt, who had liuilt tin- ffaiin' liousi' oa ijuf'i'ii ftivrt La the I'arly ' thirtitH," for •hill lunai'sti'ad and adjaciMit IimkI, !'"- c'l iviiiu; ill addition a cow .'is part of tlu' d<>!il. In IS.'iT r.ii'j,ht was nf;;niii la thi' field agiiiust till' iiif^iugi'iits, and lio pi'i'-'itly al)ly «[)rnt, John Rii'-ilit died ivtily in 18^S in his (»;5r(l year. lie left lioliind him a, j;r('at niiiiihi'i* of descendant '<, and a rc- putntion for liom'sty and plain dcaliiii;- that any man inifAlit envy. Mr. John I'.riAht had a lirothor a few- yi'ai's \oiin;j:i'r than himself iianii'd 'riioiii.'iH, who for a very jrreat ninuher of ye;irs c.'inaed on Im.siness as a farrier .•ml bl.'ieksmith on the opposite sid.' of KiiiLr«tf>n K()ad to whi're th(> old 'uKiic ^tead .'5too .Tolm Rriftlit. .Tames w;is a tlioroiitrh Tory, and like liim toi in this r('S[)e('t. tli;it he was .a Cnn- siientioiw and painstaking; man in all t ;iii| TllK IlKli^lil' lloisi;, IS'JO TO IS'.lt. laiaejiti'd that he could not oiiee luni-e uo to the Iroiit at the l'"eni.iii raid in IM^f'. Mr. I'.iij;lit ni.'irried ahoiit 1N1!S, Nain- . danirliter of William Knott, fornu-rly of til'' (.iiiern's IJaiit.',ei's. I'iiev had several '.'liLliltia, three t»>\\^, John. Tliom;is ;ui(l WLIIi;iiii, and four dauiihter.s. Tlioiuas lirl'^ht wius an olfi years, d.^iiii;' reliiiia ry •>, lS'.t."». Mrs. i;ri'j,ht dii'd in |n7n. Ill |oiiti or foiiM. After ;i lou;;- life, iis'l'ull.s and lioliour- th.at lit! undertook. Tiie old lil;ii'k-i!"i th'.s fol.;e w;in ;i ura! resort furj;li and from .V^iineoiiit. .i.'imes pa^sl■d a'>\;i> ill IMl'J, h.iviiiu,' p.isscd his >.Sih lirlhday, a 111 like his lirotlii'r ant! his father he left ;i. pleauant memory Ix'liiiid him. .lames Jinnht passed the whole of his life in 'r.u'onto and liad a liirLie family. M- !n c( hi^ (lesei'iidants are st;ll in tlio city, or ill its iiiimeili;i t" vicinity, anil lii'li 1 m ie,T? Bi'ii 680 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. on^ of hifl flonB occnpios the old forge nnd etill carries on the cime husiuess that hi« father did before him. A nephew of his resided for many yenra on Qvieeii street west in a pretty cottage just west of Bathuret street. CHArTER CCIII. THE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE. The BalldinK on CirlndHtone Point Com* pirted In the year 1808. One of the fi st, perhaps the very first, ne- cessity of a port IS a lighthouse. Although such a cuide to lake navigators was prcj ct- ed and bepuu at a very early period it was not finished until York h.id becomo quite a village. A lighthouse was Iv gun on what was then Yorlt p?ninsula, but is now To- ronto Island at the point known as Gibral- tar Point, before the close of the last ccU' tury and the vtssel MuhawK, of which we had frequent mention in ilie early annals of the towij, was employed in bringing over Btoaes from Queenaton to build it. Mr. John Thomson, who was still living in 1873, was •mployed in its arection. The buildint; waa then begun, but evidently was not complet- ed, for m 180;s an Act was passed by the Provincial Legislature for the eatablishmcnt of lighthouse^s on the south-westernmost point of a certain island cailed Isle Forest, situated about three leagues tr .m the town of Kingston in tho Miciland Distric", an* other upon Mi8e ini'- mediatcly estab ished on Gibraltar Point at the entrance to York harliour. Tne GazetU remarks : It is with pleasure we inform he ■puhlie that the daneera to resKcls navigating Lake Ont.iiio will in a great m*asnre be aToided by the erection of a liftntliouse on Gihraltar Point which ia to ba imm«dia*aly completad in complianea with an addieis of the Houia of Auambly to tha Lieutenant- Governor. For a considerable period all Taasela wa a 8ign>iiUd by a flag from tha lighthouae. The acccmp'inving illuatration ahowa the ligbthousa on the Point. chaptekTcciv. two wfstern piers, View* of iho Nartherm Rnllwiir Pier and QnreB'ji ^linrr t'roni the Kaxi and West. In 1852 the Bsara of Har^, ur Commis- sioners decidett tiiat a wintfc. iiirlwur along the western bay shore was a conrenient and desirable thing for the accommodation ,e shinpinp of this port. The Queen's ,arf at the foot of Bathtirat Btreet and what in now the easternmost of the piers of the Nor- thern railroad were then in existence. Ac- cordinply, Mr. J. G. Howard, the veteran engineer of High Park, in March, 1853, sub- mitted a plan for an outa de winter harbour to the west of the Queen's wharf ami lor an inside win cr harbour in the water lot lying east of the Queen's whari and np to theNor them pier ; these water lots stretching our as far aa wnat ia known as t)ic windmill line. As soon as this plan of the Harbour Com- missioners became known, Mr. Cumberland, then the President of the Northern road, had crilis sunk and booms put down for rafting timber, thus shutting off the possibility of using aoy oonsiderabl." spice of the water lot between tlie Queen's wiiarf and the Nor- thern pier for a winter iiarbour. An ar- rangement was effected by which the Har hour Commission secured a small portion of the wat«>r lot to the eastward of the eastern line of tl'.e Queen's wharf but it wis ao small iliat It has never been available for the pur p(ve intended. The city ihen cribbe o 3J 681 't i^ii : -I} Kii ■I n % r1 ,i! I'- ii'f i^l; III H (iS: LANDMARKS OF TOliONTO. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO 833 CHAPTER CCV. THE OLD POOL IN THE PARK- 1 the An Artlflrlnl Mlnlnturr t.nkr Whirh Onre Ornailli'iilftl tht' i;iiivrrb~ serve tlf dc p gully or riivlni' wliicli lies he- twc'ii the iliiivcrsitv liuiMii gs and tiic pHtliuay. Oi'igiiifilly a f;iii.iU stveain v.-in tliiiiiuii this o:ov('. SiiliscfiiKMitly i; tliin(,'iit proptT to hiiild a il;iin aernss s-r'iuii :iiid so coiiHtiuet a miiiiritiire This was done and tlie p iid so fnimett w- ninined in rxistcr.uc for a consideral>le li'iis^i h of iim'\ Finally, howe\-er, the water ijrrw stngnant and tht; gi'tuTiil (dT nsiveness of th'' poi I was rnhanccd by the fact that it wn« mad(> A ccmvenient piaee ot execution and lundul for all the worlliless cats and do^^s m tde neiylihourhood. A drain was built, the water of the lake was let oil', aiul now t!\o raviiK.' presents much the same iippearame as oriuiniklly. The illustration shows tbe Ikke AH it was. CHAPTKR CCVI. YORK'S FIRST BAZAAR. A rif>rc of Miivir « onipovrtl For nnil Siiir^ On That Ocrn«:ench — long wldte stiuenires of wood | with Mie shutters of the windows alwaj'S i clo-ed i mil oa a levcd with the bav, yet I li'ivinj: an pntra!u:(! in thi- re'ir by a narrow £r:»iii,'w,iy from the elifT above on whicli close ; hy u,is the guard house, a small bniliiin<; , painted adnn c(dour with a riM)f of one slope j inclining 'o the south aud an arotied stoop i or veraiidali open to the nor h. A ligtit ■ bridee over a deep ■watercourse led up to the | guard" houst'. Here a sentrT was m^w to be seen pacitig up .'.ml down. Over otiier lie- prt!S.sii>iiS or raviivs eicse by here were b'ng to be seen some ]>ia' forms or flo red areas (f stout plank. Th'S- were said to 1 the site of the naval building yard wh^re an unfinished ship of war and the materials col- looted for the construction of otlieis were destroyed when the United States' forces took possession o' York in 1813. It apjie us that Col. .los'ph flmichotte had jus; li, en pointing (Ut fothe Govcrnnmnt tlie exp".-ied condition of the public property here. In his Biitisii Nordi America he remarks thai "thedtfeiicidess situation of York, tfie mode of its cap'ure and tlio destruc'ioii of the iarL'e ship then on the stocks were but too prophetically demonstrated in my v p.)rt to iieadcpiarters in Lower Canada on mv return from I rcsponsinle mission to tlie caDital of the Upper Tiovince in th' early part of April. Indo' (I tlie communication of the result of my rt connoitring opcrationsand the intelligence of the successful invasion of Yrrk and the filing of the new ship by the enemy were receivedalmost simultaneously. "' The GoTeii or-in-cliief. Sir (ieorL'e Pre- Tost, was blameii for haTing pcrmitteii a frigate to be laid down in an unprotecred position. '• Veritas" a correppondeiu of the -Montreal Ih'rald in ISl"), s lys that there was ;i " sfiking impr' piiety in building at York wii houi provid; lit; t lie means of sec'irity t here as the works i f do ence ptojected by CJen-^ eral l{ioek — when he contemplated bt^tore the war the removal of the naval depot from Kingston to York by reason of the prox- imity of tlie former to the Sta'es in water. by the tee— were discontinmd by nrd.er of Sir George Prevosr that is — and r.cv r re- sumed, The position intended to liave been fnriitied by General Brock. ne.Tr Yoik, was capable ot being mtide very strong had his plan been exicutcd, but as i: was not nor any o:h r plan of defence adoped, a ship- yard without protection became an al ure- mtnt to the en my as was felt to the coat of th' inhabitants o' York." On the 28. h ( f iX'cember, 1S3;?, the inte- 1 io ot t!ie commissariat st( re decorated with fligs was the scene of the first charitable ba^ zaar held in the.-e narta. It was foi the r-^- iief of distress occasioiit d bv a recent visi- tation of cholera. The enterpii;-e svas t?e- markab'.y snecessinl. Sibl aid's Ciuiailiiin Mciija-.inc r.i itie foilowiag January say- of It :" •• All the fastiionab.e and we l-distv.s- ed Atteniied ; the baud of the gallant 'yth played, at each table stood a lady an i in a sliort time all the articles were soul Tins • were said to he spaces occupied by different portions of the | very renowned r.anva.s- house of G>iveriior Simeoe. | protitiibly to gentlemen, :» structure mannfactuied in London and I »» the apple of their eye the ttungs made and pn .rented by suon hands. Ihe who will keep "nee the pro|>-rty (jf Captain Ct)ok, the eir- onimiaTigator. Tiu^ convenience < f its plau and th»! hospitality for whicfi it tiflorded room were favourite topics among the c.'rii- p.inions of the Governor. Someway to the '■ast of the comniisBaritit 3t(>re bouses was sum CO lected on tnia rcv.asion was three hundred nr.d eleven piuixis. The h.'iKiar was under the patronage of Lady Gdhorne. " H rewith is piesei t' d a f:-ic simile of a pieei! of music call.'d The Raven PKime, wnt'eii i^': I : ;^ .-i- S mi LANDMARKS OK T()K()\T(>. f i 2 ^^m^^rM^m'/'! •.;^» V\.V il ^^v ml ??■ ■: 11! -.*:.■ ^x;^. i\>- r; H ?^ •^Kr^ 11. \^rv ^^4 1 1 M'-i i V i-^ 13 M- t\ I J- - :3^ h "^^ip»HHP«W""W H' 13 t m i LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. for that occasion by Jam a M. Cawdoll, dedicated to Misa Mary Powell and sung by J. E Gojdsoii. L iciy Colborne, of course, was the wife of Lieutenant-Governor Sir Jolin Cdlborno-Lord S- aton, Mi-s Mary Pow- ell \va^ tho dau);i)ter of Cliicf JiiBtice Pow- e'i, Ml. J. M. C^wdell ^\as a w. ll-knowi local pioiicor of literatutf. He puljlished for a i'hort time a maKazine of liglu reading ontitUd Ihe Hose Harp, tlie bulk of wliicii confiistcd of cractful compositions in verse and ptOBf by himself. Mr. Cawdcll had bciii :in officer in the army. Through the fricnds'lnp of Mr. Justic;; Macaulay, attcr- ward Sir James, he wu» appointed lihrarian ami sern^tary to tlip Law Society of O-'goode Hull. He died in 1842. CHAPTER CCVTL A CHURCH STREET CORNER. The ItnllillDC At the North-\«>«t Corner or rhiirrh aud il,«lelalile Str orii militia, Ka-l lliunis,'. IMehinl licasley, Ksq., J. l\. inennur of I'ar- lianieiit. West f.idinf,'. To lie eaptuir.s- Mr. ^\ m. (irahant, foriner)v a captain i'li the Kins,''s .service anil now on half pay. Mr Kreil. Baran de I.aen, formerly a cantain in tl • lerinan troops, einniojed by liisMn.iesty. FJicnard I'.easley. I'm).. nicinl>fr <.r I'ariia- ment, now captain in the Lincoln militia. John Wilson. K.sii,. .1. 1'.. formerly captain of militia in Nova Scotia. .Mr Win. t'l.Hwitt. nf the Mirvevor-tieiicral s Department, formerly ciipi^iin ;>( niili;ia in ilie Sastern district. Mr. Wm. Henv.y. said to b'" alreaiU comini-- Bioncd. . , Mr. George Playter. a L. K. Loyali.-l and pen- •ioned. Mr. Thomas I'.idoiit. lietiteiiant, from the Lincoln militia. Mr. .\ lex. Burns, .secretary to his Honotir the President. Mr. Hhi;!m, lOsq.. .in<=iico of the peace. Mr. Alexand'^r Wood, mrreliant. Mr. Jacob llerann'r, merchant, brithcr-iii- law of the Hon. It H. Mr. Kdwaid Wri'^lit, formerly qiiarterm istcr Qneen'ts iianKeis. Mr Ariliibald Cameron, merchant, foiiiicrly ei'ureant of the Queens Uanyers, Mr. Tiiiimas Barry, metvliaiii. Mr .-^anmel Heron, uuTchant. Mr, Archibald Thomson, formerly & militia oJHcer. Mr. \Vhcelcr Douglas, merehant miller. Al^'crmaii, said lo 1m' ciMinis-ioni iL To bo cnsignH : Mr. Jame^ lUi(?Kle.s. merchatit, nep>iew of |{. G. Uugiili' . Mr. (.amble, from Inland, merchant. ,Mr. John Tenhrorh. -.in u: Majnr Ti'iibrofh. "Mr. Samuel I), t^i/eiw. son nf Capi. Cuzens and a-,-,isiant in fiTretary's ollii'e. Mr. A. 'I". UiiK^les, merchani, nephew of H. Q. Uni:(,'les. Stair: Mr..\le\-. Maenah, ro be ad it. wit 1. rank of liini*. Mr. Abler .Miles, to be (lU.ir: crnia^ter. (ii.M" Ki; (■( i\. NEWMARKET AND SHARON- nr Rrslon nf I pprr > one« Strrri Mlili ji Fall .(rroiint nr OaTiil nilUoii »n'wmai k. t and Sii.iron. .\ little wiy otTtlte road rn the left, jus' bilori' the turn leading to Ni wmarke"-, w,is tne great ynaker meetinL.' house, of 'hi.? ri'^jion — 'he Friends' meetiiig-honse. abii M- iiig of the ns( fn; plain cast, gen<'r.ally set n witii its .«ol;.l shut;"rs closed up. Tins wis the successur of the fiist Quakir niriirg house in Upper Ca.iada, Hir> .^l . .1 's. iili .I'.hn (JuMiiy. t:.i' < ininent Fnglisii 1^»iii1;.t. will •tavciltnl on tins con; inetit :n l^ilT 4il. delivered several addresse?) with a view espceiaily to the reuniting, if jio.ssiblo, of the ()itti()dox and the Hicksites. (!'>iii ay 111 his " .S atistical Acccnnt nf Upper Canada," took note that ilii.s Qn.k'r incf t aiL' -home and a tnodirn eh pd at lI"L".:;s Hollow. belon{:iiig to tiie Cbuoh of Kiigl.aiiil. weri" the only two placen if woi - hIii|i o be seen on Yonge street li-;wreii Yi I'k and the Hoditid Luidini:, a d:s' uier, hi' says, of neariv forty miles. Tins was in ISIT. Following now the wiiecj marks of clear^ Iv the ni.ij'.rity of tcIih.Ii s iraveilitig on the street, We turn as'de to N'Wrntrket. Nwmaiket had for its germ, or 'lucleus, he riiills and stores of Mr. E isha liaman, who emi^rateii hitlier from tiie state ni Ni w York 111 ISOO Here also on the branch of tne Holl.uMi Riv.r, mills .it an early date Were established by Mr. Morde.'ai MilUrd and taiinernH by .Nlr. Josepli Hill Mr LANDMARKS OF lORONTO Boaiii.in'a niilU became s-uhsequently the i)oper;y of Mr. Peter Kobiusoii, wiiD was C.'iiiiiussiouer of Crown Lauiis in 1827, iiiul on ■ of tiie n^presentiitivea of the united counties of Vork and yiincoi', and aftcrwarcis liic piopcriy of Ins brotlur. Mr. W, B. ]v)b.ll^on, who for a timo resid'^^d hero, and lor a miniber of year:* r. prfainUi^d the couiuy "t Simcoe in tiie Provincial I'arlia- iiK'ii:. Most gtMitit men tiavcUiug north, or to the north- west, broUf:!lit with tiicm from fiiiiMs in York, a note of con.mendatiou to Mr Robinsv)n, wlioao friendly and iiospl- labie dispod.tiou was weli-knowu. Gov- ernors, commodores and commanders-in- oliiti oa their tour;* of pleasure oi duty, weiealad to find a mjmt'ntary reating-plac ; .1. a rctined dwm.-stic fireside. H^jre, Sir Juaii Frank in was ente.'tained lor som ; (iiys n IS.S."), and at other periods, Sir John Ro-saini Oiptain B ack, when ou ti.eir way to til" Aietic r.'fious. In 1847. Mr. W. B R .binsou was Com- missioner of Pulil c Woika. and at a later period, one of tlie Cliiet Commissioners of iii.>C.inada Company. Mr. Peter Robinson w:kS matnimeutal ut 8et:thn^; the region in whtch our C.uiadiau Peterborough is sit- uated, ani trom hini that townhasits name. A'. NewmirKet wa.< lonj; engaged in pros- Pluus business, Mr. John Cawthra, a lufui- ix 1 (if tile millionaire f.iinily of that name. M ■ ,]ohn Cawthra was tiie first represen.a* tive 111 the Provincial Parliainen: of tlie County of Simcoe, after the separation from tie Comity oi York. In 1812, Mr. John Ciwtiira and his brother Jonatlian, were iiiuoiii,' tile volunteers wiio offered tiiim- Selves for the deter. ce ot tiie country. ThouL'ii by nature inchued to peace, they were :iup Hid to this by a sincere sense of du'y. At, Detroit, John assiaud in convey^ iiiC across ihe river in soows tlie lieavy guns wtiici were expecte'i to be wan'od in tiie iittaek on the fort. On the slopes at Qu'eii- stun, •loiiti nan hiul a hair-breadth e.~cape. A' th diiic'ion of his officer, he moved iiom the rear to the front of his compiny, giviii.^ place to a comrade, who, tiie follow- iiic iiisiant, had a portion of hiS leg earned away by a .ihot from Fort Gray, on the op- posite side of the river. Also at Qieen- fctoii. John, after personal y cautioning Colo- nel Mj,cdoiiell against rashly exposing hini- eelf at he se'nn-d ti) be do;ng, was calli d on .'I few minutes afterwards to aid in c.iri>ing iliai, ( nicer to the rear, mortally wounded. With Newniaikei , too, i« a*a icialed IIih rjaiBi( 1 M . William Roe, am reliant, tiien Binee 1814, etigag'd at one tiiiK! largely in tlH! fur ir.ide. It was Mr Roe who saved from capture a co^asidttrabh' portion of the public funds, when York f •!! into the hands of G.Tiieral DearbornandCommodoreChaun- cey in 181.3. Mr. Roe was at tlie time au employee in the office of the Receiver Gene- ral, Prid'aux Selby, and by the order of Geiural Sheaflfa and the Executive Council, he conveyed three bags of gold and a large sum in army bills to tne farm of Chief Jus-' tice R;>biuson, on tlie Kingston road, east of the Don bridge and theie buried them, The army bills were afterwards delivered up to the enemy, but the gold remained se- creted until aftet the d pariure of the in Taders and was handed over to the authori- ties in Dr. Strachan's parlour by Mr. Roe The Rjcjiver-General's iron chest was also removed by Mr. R le, and deposited on the premises of Mr. Donald McLian, clerk of the House of Assembiy. Mr. McLean was killed while bravely opposing tlie landing of the Ame; leans and tiis house waa plun- dered, tiie strong chest was broken open and about one thousand silver dollars were taken therefrom. Tiio name of Mr. Roe's partner at NiiW- matket, Mr. Andrew B irlaud, is likewise associated with the taking of York in 1813. He was m uie prisoner in the D>;ht and in the actual striigple againft cap: ure, he re- ceived six or seven riflj wounds, from the ef- fees of which he never whol y recovered. He had also been engaged at Queenston and Detroit. In th;; report of the Loyal and Patriotic Societj' of Upper Canada, we have aa entry made of a donation of sixty dollars to Mr. Andrew Borland on the 11th of June, 1813, with the note appended : "The Committee of the Loyal and Patriotic Sacie y voted his sum to Mr. B)rlHnd for his p.itriotic and I'minent services at Detroit, Queenston and York, at whicii latter place he was se- vrely wcumled. " We also learn from the repot t that Mr. D'Arey Boulton had presented a petition to tli< Society in favour of Mr. Borland. The members of coiiimitte.> present at the m et» iiig held June 11th, 1813. were Rav. Dr. S raehan. Chairman ; Wil.iam Chewett, Esq.. William Allan, E^q., J.hniSmal, Esq. and Alex. Wood, E-q., 8 cretary, and the minutes stat ■ that " the petition of D'Arey Boul on, K-q., .i number of the Society in laTour ol Andrew Borland, was taken into consideration and the sum of sixty dollars was voted to him on account of hi.'' patriotic and eminent services at Dciroi , Queenston and York, at which latter place he was most severely wounded." Mr. Borland had been a clerk m Mr. Boullon's store. In the order to pay the money signed by AU«an- der Wood, Mr. Borland is styled " a volun- teer in the York Miiiiia." He afterwards had a pjuBiou ot twenty pounds a year. I'J n lit ■ i'l. m It. ' ;ii m 68S LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. In 1838, his patriotic ardour was not quenciied. Durmy the troubles of tlwit pe- riod, lie undcriouk the command of 200 In> dians, wiio ii.nl voluntctrt'd to figli"; in de- fence of thi- C iwii of England if thire should be nc< i!. Tlioy «• it- stationed for a time at the Holland Lindirg, but their services were not rtquirtd. From bemp endowed with great energy of character .ind liaving iilso ii familiar know- ledye of the natire dialects, Mr. Boiliiud Nad gnat ii.lluence witli the Indian tribi s ii'rquentine m- coasts of Lakes Huron and Siineoe. Mr. Roe, likewise in his dealing-! with the aborijjiues, Sad aeijuirtd a consid' erahle facility in speakint' the Otchibway dialect and had much influ nee » ith the ua lives. Let us not omik to record, too, that at Newmarket not very many years sinee, was snecesstully practising a grandson of Sir j William Ijlackstone. the commentator on the Inws of En^'land, Mr. Henry Ulickrttone, whose eonspicuous talents gave promise o' an eminence in his profession, not unworthy or the nam ■ he bore. But his career was cut short by de ,tli. The varied ehirac er of colonial society, especial y in its early crude sriite, the living elements inixe.i up in it and ths curicnis changes and interchanges that take p ace in £he course of its dcveiopnieiit and conaol;- dation receive iliustra; ions from rccKsias- tieal, as w.ll as civil, annals. We. ours"lvi*.s, remember the cimich edi- fice of ihi' Aiglican comiuunion at Newmar- ket, when u was an unpiastered, unlame 1, clapboard shell, haring lepeatedly offic ai.-d in r., while in ilial s age of its existence. Since then, the congregation ivpnsented by that eiapboaru shvil, have Had as pastor-", men like the following : a graduati? of Tiiniry College, Dublin, not undistinguish- ed in hi.s University, a prot. gt; of the fa- mous Aiehbi.-hop Magec, a co-worker for a t m of the distingniiihed Dr. Walter Far- quhar Hook o." L i-d?, niid minister ot on.' of the nimltrii elinrciies then-, th'; Rev. R >- b^rt Taylor, aft' iwa.tds ol I'et.-rborouch, nire in C.nada. And .since h's incumli. ney they have been miiiistt red to by a form' r vicar of a piomineiit cliurch in London, S . Michael's, Burleigh strc-t, a depend'tuy (if St. Martin's ,n Tr.ifaik'ar Sijuare. the R v. Stptimus Rainsav, wiio w,is also long ih" ciiie! .sicretayand man igcr of a well- Known C 'ionial Mission. ry Socuty, wiiicli iiad its lieadquariera in Ljndon. Wliilf on the orhe- tiaid an mterrening pastor of the same congi-' gttinn, educated lor tl;e ministry here mi Canada, and admit- ted to li'ly orders here, was transfent.l ligm Newmarket, first, to the vicarage of Somerton, iu Somersetshire, England, inul secondly, to the rectory of Cleuchwardeu in the County of Not folk in England, the R'.'V. R, Athill. And another intervenint; incumbent was, after having been also trained for the ministry and admitted to or- ders liere in Can.ada, eaileil subsequently to clerical work in the United States, b.^ing finally appointed one of the canons of the Cathedral Church at Chicago, by Bishop Wuitehouse, of Illinois. Tuis was the Rev. G. C. Street, a near relative of tile distiin guislu d English architect of that name, dc- siirner and builder of the new law courts in L M'dou, As to the name Newmarke% in its adop» tion, there was no desire lo set up in Caiia- da, a memorial of the famous English Caiii- bridgeshire racing tov'n. Tlie title choseii. for the place was an announccnicnt to thi.( eff.ct,: Here is an additional mart for tti%, convenience of an increased population, a place where farmers and ochers may pur^- chase and exchange commodities without being at the trouble of a journey to Yorker elsewhere. Tlie name of the Canadian N w- niarket in facr, arose as probably that of tiie English Newmarket itself arose when tiist eitablisiie 1 as a iiewly-upened place of tiade for the prnnitivi' farmers and other-i of Aii- gliaanii Mercia in the Ana o-Saxon nerioil It deserves to be added that th" English Ch'Mch at Newmarket was years ago to some extent endowed by a cene.-ous gift of valuable laud made by Dr. H-wiek, a bachelor medical man, whose large, whi'e house on a knoil by the wayside, was always noted liy the traveller from York, as lie turned aside from Yoiige street for Newniar- ket. Proceeding onwards now from Newmar- ket, we spe (My come to the villug.' cf Sharon, or lioi;e, as it was once iiarneil, situated also off the direct northern ruute of Yong ■ street. David Willsoii, the great notability ami founder of the place, had been in his youni;- er davs a sailor, and as .such had visited ;he Chinese jx rts. After joining the Quakers, he taught for a tim* amongst them as a schoolmaster. For some proceeding of his, or for sime peculiarity oi religious opinion, he was cu*^ off from the Hieksite 8ul>>ii v.- si.m of the Quaker boily. He then JK-gi'i the formation of ,i den'.minati..n of Ins own. Ill the bold p'lliey of giving to his perhoiia' ideas an outwiid embodiment in the form 01 a conspicu(.us temtde, he anticipate d tn.' shr .vd prophets or the Mormons, Josepli and Hiram Sinitli Wil'.son's buihiing was erected about IS'J."). Naiivoo was not cjni- nieiu'. d until til'- i^pring of 1840. In ;i little paniplilet, pubii-liLd at I'liila- ('.elphii fl LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. 689 ('.elphia. ■» 1815, Willson gives the follow- Hit; nficount ot himself. He bays : I, the wM; cd ball of considerable size. The interior was fi Ifii with Wooden ciiairs placed round Bi>;teen pillars, in the centre ot which is a square cabimt ot iihi'li 'va.iiut with a door and windows on eacli side. Tlii're was a table in the centre of the cabinet covered with blaciv velvet hung witli erim.sou metino and triune in which was deposited a Bible. On the tour ceirral piUais were painted tin; words Kaith, Hope, Chanty and Love, and on the twelve others the names of the Apos- tles. The central pillars seemed to support the second stor< y and at the foot of each was a table covered with green cloth. The house was withcjut ornament, being paiuted fawn green and white and had not a pulpit or place for addressing an audience. It is oc>;upied once a month for colleetingchai i y and contains 2,952 panes < f glass and u lighted once a year with 116 caudles. The materia s o' the frame work of the Temple Dr. Scadding continm s, were pre- pared at a distance from the site and run rapidly up as far as possible without noise in imitation of the building of Solomon's Temple. By the side rf the principal edi- ficj stood a structure, 100 feet by 50 feet, used for ordinary meetings on Sundays. Ou the first Friday in S ptember used to be an annua! feast when the Temple was illumi- nated. In it was an organ built by Mr. Coaies of York. There was a local mi mbership of the Chil- dren ot Peace lu York and at stated inter- vals services were tield here iu the old court house on Riclimond street, at Lawrence s hotel and in the small brick schoolhou«e on Bikeley street. Considerable crowds as- bembled on these occasions and once a panic arose as preaching was going on iu the pub« lie room of Lawrence's hotel ; the jois^ts of the fluor were heard to crack, a rush was made to the door and several leaped out of the windows. A favourite topic of Willson's was "Public Affairs, their Total Depravity," eoupled with denunciations of the -o-calied Family Compact. Into these points, Mr. Willson would euter with great zest. When waxing warm in his discourse he would sometimes, without interrupting thetiow of his words, suddenly throw oil his coat and suspend it ou a nail or pin in the wall, wav- ing about with freedom during the residue 01 his oration a pair of sturdy arms arrayed not indeed in the dainty liwn of a bishop, but in stout, well-bleached American lac- tory. His adduss was divided into sections between whicli hymns ot his own c»omposing were sun^, by a company of feinafcs, iliess- ed in white, sitting cai one side, acccinpa- uied by a baud of iiiusic:.irustrumeuts on the other. David was an illiterate mystic as his writ- ings show. At the elose ut the War oi ISlt, he appears to have been under the luipreo- sion that the Governm'Ut designed to ban- ish him as a seditious person. He aeeoro* iiigly published a doeuineut iieprecaiing isucn action. Tlle,-^e are extraots from it. Address to thy crown, O, Eiiglatici, and thy great name. I write as liUows to all the inhabitants thereof. After I have writ- ten 1 will leave God to judge between you M lii m P i !. > ^ '■ t .■' 1 jlS 690 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO ■I--* i ■'''■ aud tne uud also to make judges of yo.i, whctner you will receive my iniuiHtry in your laud in peace, yea or nay. Y») are pit at ludeed. 1 oaimot h-lp that, neithfr do 1 '/an: to, but am willing yi- should n mam pi'.iat in the sifihi of Goii, a^thougii 1 am bur small iu the tilings, ihoieo;. Now ciiooae w iiciiicr I siiould or migh: bi- your siTvant in iLese inings, yea or nay. As 1 think it wouid bj a sliame to:- a inniister to be ban^ ishid ticm your nation by preaching tiie ^'ospel ot peace therein. J am a man under the visitation of God's powiT in yoar land and niany scandalous repurts are in circula- tion against me. Tne inti nt u: the spirit ot the ti.iiig IS to put me to fligat from your lioiiiiDio.is or that I slinul.l be imprisoned ti.ert'iu. For wliicli cause I as a dut ful sub- ject make myseil kii'iwn Hereby unto you of gr^-at I'btato in the world lest your ni:nds should ijc affected and stirred up against me without a cans • by your int riors, m iio a-'tk to du ivil to tiic Works of IJod wiiriu;vi.r tne Almiglity is trying ;o do you gooii. In some versus uf tlie sain.; date as this address to the home au'horities in ISl"), he refers to tiia peril he supposed himself to be in. A ItW stanzas will .-uliij as a spei-inieii cf his pietic.il productions. Tiius he sings : The powers of heil are now combined Wiih war airuinst imp ra^'e. But :n my Goil my soul's realigned The rock of every at;e. iotne then (Uith sit in Kintj's estate .*iid some oi earth mii-t !>el liberty. It's iilso mine by George our Kinjf The ruler of my daj, And yet if I di>hoiiour briiij.' Cut sliort my locble stay. For thi.s is in your hearts to do Ye inferiors of the earth. Ana it's in uuiie to do so too. And stop that cursed birth. The styie ot a volume styled " Iinpres- eions, " a kind of Alcoran, w ii.ch used to be sold to visitors iu the Temp.e, does not. rise much above the foregoing ether iu its versj or prose. In '• Oinada aa it Was, Is, and May Bi'," Captain Bonnycastlu thus sp.aks of D»vid Willson ; A" a short distance irom New- market, which is about, three iniies to the ngnt of Youge 8trt.et uearita termiualiou at the Holland Linding on a river of that uame, running into Lak-i Simcoe, isasettl ■ ment of nligioiia mlhuiiasta who have chos.n the most, ferule part of Upper Cana^ da, tho country near and for nules round Newmarket for the seat of their earthly la- beruacle. 11 -re numbers of deluded people have placed tliemselves under the tempuril and spin ual cliarge of a higli priest, wiia calls himself David. His real name is Uavid Wiil.so!). The Temple, as the building ap- propriated to the celibration of tiieir rites is callea, is served by this man who .iflicts a primitive dress and has a train ot virgin miuistiants cloihed iu white. 11 ■ travels about occasionally to preach at towns aim villages in a waggon followed l)y others, coviTed with white ticksclotlies, but wh.it Ins peculiar tenets are beyond that oi danc- ing and siugini; and imitating Divid, tiiL- Kinc, 1 really cauuo; tell, for it is alto- gether too farcical to last long, bn Mi. Oavid seiuis to understand clear y as f.ir an tlie temporal concerns of his inta iiae; seen like any other industrious yeoman, driving into town Ins own waggon, loade.i with tlie produce of hiS owiif.um, diess^d m home-spun as the '• burel fo k" ot Yong' street gineially were. In tin' axis ot on.- eye th re was a slignt divergeiicv. Wilisoii neither won inartyrdom nor sii- fercd exile, but lired on in great worldly prospj ity in Sharon, reverenc-d by Ins ad- herents as a sort ot oracle and fl»tlereil hy attentions from successive political h aders on ace -unt of the iiifliunce which he migiiL be supp ised locally to possess, down to th'' year 1860, when he died, aged 89. CHAPTER CCX UPPER YONGE STREET. Tbr 4ppraranr« ol the Creat Nerlhcra Road WUb Mtetcbm of Im Knrly liiliHbliaul* Froni Bona'it Lake lo tbr nallaHd taiidlug. For the following chapit r d. scriptive • f Yougu street and its early residents from LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 691 Boud'B L^ke to the Holland Landiujr, wo art- indebted to the Ruv. Dr. Scadding who has made (xliauative inquiries luioihe early liisioiv of Yonge street trom the Buy to ita iippHT cxtiumity. Afttr leaving Bond's Lake, we now speed- ily pab^ed Dryuocli, ly.ng off to the left on elevilcd liind, the abode df Capt. Martin McL od, formerly ot the Isle of Skye. Tlie laiiiily and domi alio group, syatemitized on a laiRt scale at Diynoch hoie, was a Ciua- dian I (-production ot a oliit f ain's hou8plH)ld. Capt. McLeod was a Scot of the Norse Vikingirtype ot robust, manly frame, of uvblc, frank and tender spirit, an 0:jsianist, IOC, and m the Scandinavian direction, a philologist. Sir Walter Scott would have made a study of Capt, McL -od and may have done so. He was one of eignr brothers, ntio nil held commissions in the army. His own military lite cxiended fn m 1808 to 1832. As an officer hUccKsaively of tiie 27th 79th nnd the 25tli regiment", ho BhW much ac ive service. He accompanied the Kirce sent over to this continent in the warof lS12-13.It was then thathe for the fi st time saw the land wiiich was to le iiis final liome. He was present iik.'Wiae at the af- fair at L'laitsburg and also at tiie attack on New Orleans'. He afterwards took part in tlie I'riiiinsular war and receivtd a mertal wuh tour clasps forToulouse, Orlhes, Nivc and Nivelle. He missed Wattrloo, un:orlunate,y, as he used to say, but he was present with the allied troops iu Paris dur- ing the occupation of that city in 1815. Of the "JT) h regiment, he was tor many years adiiuant and then paymaster. Three of his uncles w re general officers. Ir Is not iuappri'priaie to add that the Major MeL.od who received the honour of a Loinpaniouship in the Order ofSt, M;chael ana ^;. George for distinguished services in ihe Rt d iLiTer expedition of 1870, was a son cf Captain McLeod of Dryuoch. That in and abeut tlie Canadian Diynoch, daelic • iiiiulJ be familiarly heard was iu keeping with liic general character ot the piac . Tiif ancieiit Celtic tongue was in iact a ne- cessity, as among the dependents of the h(iisf. th.re were always some who had nev.i iuirned the Euglish language. Dry- lue , was the name of the old hoineiu Skye, i'lir Skye Drynocii was on uufenced, hiliy, p.istuif !a' 111 of about ten miles iu ext(Ut, yitldm^' iiiuiimini to lurds of wi d cattle and snrne 8,000 sneep. Within its limits, a lake. Luoli Ihuckaciaie, is still the iiauiit of tlie otter, which is hunted by the aid of tlie famous terriers of the island, a mountain Siitam abounds with salmon and trout whiie the heather and bracken of the slopes theltcr grouae and other game. Whittaker in his " Hiatory of Wha ley" quoted by Hallam in his "Middle Ag«8," Uusciibes the aspect which aa he cuppoaes a certain portion of England presented to the eye as seen from the op of Pendle Hill in Yorkshire in the Saxon times. Th p;c» lure which he draws, we in Canada can reilizii with great perfectnesa. " Cou d a curious observer of th^ preaeni day, "'he says, " carry hmself nine or ten ceniuriea back and ranging tile summit of Pendle survey, tli» fcrked vale of Calder on one aide and the bu.der margins of Rbble and Hodder on tlie other, instead ot populous towns and villages the castles, the old tower built house, the eltgant modern mansion, the ar- tificial plantation, the enc osed park and pleasure greunil instead of uiiintt rrupted enclosures which have diven sterility al- ino.st to ihe summit of the fells, how great then must have bi en the com rust wiien ranging either at a distance or imm diately beneath his eye must have caugiit vast trac.a of forest groumi stagnating with bog or darken d by native wooda wlu-re thewild ox, the roe, tim atag and the wolf had scarcely learned the supremacy of man, whi n directing his view to the intermediate spaces, to tne wideiiinc of the vail ys or ex- panse of plains beneath he could only have distin(;uislied a few iusulat< d patciies of cul- ture each encircling a Village of wretched caliins among which m ould siiU be rt^m-iiUiul one mansion of wood scarcely ecjual in '•(imfor"- to II ino'lerii r- *<■■'■■ --o^ •' ■ ived a rude and solitary i:ide- p nib uce liaving no superior but hia sover< ef n.'' This writer a^ks us to carry ourselves ir.ui' or ten centuries back to realize the pic- ture whicn he has conceived. Frc-\i the upland here in the vicinity of Dryiioi.li, less iiian I alf a century ago, gazug southwards over the exp.nise thence to be commanded, we sluiild hav" brheid a scene closely re- seinl'linp tliat wiiicli as he supposed was seen freiii ihe summit of Pendhiuthe S.ixon days, while at tlie present day w>-see every- where throughou; the same expanse an ap- proximation to the old tr.other lands Eng- laiid, Sco;land aud lieland in condition and appearance in its style of at;rioulturrandthe character of its towns, villages, hamlets, lann houses and country viU is ! We now Oi-.ter a region once occupied by a number ot French military refuges. During the revolution in France at the close of the last century many of the devotees of the royal cause passed over into England w here as elsewlur'.' they were known and sp.kn of as Emhjrcs. Amongsl them wero -^ ■■is f m M ■ t'''>'l! ^(\ u i'j if li 1 1 i\ i '1 * I li i! i '- ■ ■ f\ m i:ir^;^i^ (i'V. 692 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. numerous officers of the regulai army all of them, of course, of the uobltsse order or else, as the inherited rule waa, uu comniisaion in the King's service could have b«u thoir.J. When now the royal cause beuaniedt spi-rate and they liad suffered the loss of all their worldly goods the British Gorfninunt of the day in its sympathy for the monarchical cause in France oflerwd them grants of land in the newly organized Province of Upper Canada. Some of them availed themselves of the Eenerosity cf the British Ciown. Having beuu conuMdes in arms tlicy desirfd to oc cupv a block ot eonigiifiu^ lots. Wluisr there was yet almost all Wt sieni Uinada to choose trom by some clianco tluse Oak Ridges, e.-pi oially liiffieult to bring uiidur cultivation and suiiu what sterile, wlu-n >ub- dued were preforrud. partly puihaps throujjii tlie 11 tluenoe of sentunent, tiny may have diiCoVertd some rtseinblaiiee to rcgiiiiis fa- miliar to theinsL'lviS in their native luid. Or ill a moud luspirid and made lasluonable by 11 lussoau, they m:iy liave longed for a lodge in some v.ist wildcnuss wiiere tlie mur uleoil which liaci desci iided upon theold society tit Europe should no loii<,' r harass them. When twit ed by the passing way- farer who had selicttdland in a mure pro- pitious siuation tii.y would pour to the gigaiiiie boli a of the surrouiuiing p ncs in prmif of tile intrinsic excill'iioe of the soil beldw which tmist be gooil, tlay said, to nouiish such a veg-ta' ion. After all, liowever, this particular locality may iiavo bei'n seiecti-d rather fir tliem than by liu m. On the early map oi 1798. a range of niu- lots on eacri sub- of Y'lige street, just liere in the Ridges is br..ck< :ed and marked ■' Frencli Koya ists by order of his Honour'*, e. th. Prcsdciit, P-ter Russell. A postsciip; to the O'az'ttccr of 17"J'.) givMs tiie readt r the lutorinaiioii that " iimls iiave Dem app I'pnatrd in the rear of York as a refiig- for some Frtncti Royalists, and their set'leiiient has ccininenc'-d " On the V.tugiiaii side. N >. 56, was occu- pieil coi jointly by Michel Faiizcn and Fraiici- R"iieou.>:, No. T)?. by Julieiid- Bugle, No. 58 by Pi, ni Aug C'Unte le Cli.ilus. Ain- bois de Fney aini (,!uetlf)n St. (! o.ge eon- jointly, N '. 59 i>y Qiulton St. Ueorgf, No. 60 bj J< mi Louis Viccine des Clia u-. In King, No. 61 by Rill Aug Coin:e u. Chalua and Augu line B';it'.'ii conj^.m, !y. On the Maruiiam side. No, 52 is Ovciipied Ijy x\v Cointo de Pui.-aye, No. 53 by R.iii Aug Comte d Cii ilns, No. 54 by J. an Loui- V'l- c .nite lie Ciialus and R in Aug <'ouitr li,- Chains, o njinntly. No. 55 by Je.ui L'UJ-' Viconu d" Ciialu«-. No, Oti by la Cieva'ier de Marseuil uau Michael F.inchard ounjuiui- ly, No. 57 by the Chevalier de Marseuil, No. 58 by Reni Leiourueaux, Augustine Boiiou and J, L. Vicomte de Chalus tunjointly. No. 59 by Quetton St. George and Jean Furon conjointly, No. 60 by Ambtpiae do Farcy. In Whitchurch, No. 61 by Michel Saigeon. After felling the trees in a few acres of tiieir respective allot uients some of these Emiijrea withdrew from tfie country. ll«iico 111 liie Ridges was to be seen here ami there the rather unu.-^ual sight of abandi ned clear- ings returning fi a state of nature. Janw a Sirachaii, the brother of Hatjop Strachau, wiio visited York in 1819, de- cr;bes the process of obtaining grants of land. He sayu that the enugrant coming to York reports at the Lieutonant-Uoviiuor'a office and shows that he has come frart 01 the United Kingdom and cwn by the Knclish laws 1 old land. Ho then takes the oain of allt t'sauce and make s a petition for a crain aniouu: of the waste lands ot tho Crown. H'' is ih' n referred totlieSurveyor (iciieral to see if any person has eser been granted the lamis api>lied for. It not tho petition is read to tlie Council and the Lieu- teiimtvClovenur is lecomnirnded to _-r;iiit ttie prayer of tlie p tuiomr for 100, 200 and lU S'lne ca.si s 400 and 600 and eveii I'JOO acres. Tue lands are grained on condition that they cannot be disposed of fo; three years, and tha' dve acres on eich one luiu" drcd acri 8 gr.intev rnmeiit for grams ranging from 100 to I'JOO acres. These are as fo - lows: lUO acres. £5 143 Id. ; 200 acr. ,-<, £16 17- «d. ; .SOOacies, £24 11-. 7>i. ; 400 s. £.S2 S.l, .500 Mcre.s, £;?9 19s. 01. ; 600 acr.'S £47 I8.s, lOd. ; 700 ac es. £5517^. lid. ; .SOO acres, £6S 'J.s. ; 900 ac : >, £70 lbs. : 1,000 acres £7i> lOs. 'Jd, ; 1,100 ac.es, £86 4s, III. ; 1,200 acra>, £93 18-«. 4d, Th (.'Hi 'oiB styled Comte and Vicomte de Chalus derive.', their titl" from liie d.imain and caule of Ch.dus in Noiinandy asH..ciati;d in the minds of reaiieis ot Eng isli history %vi:h 'ho death ot Richard Ca- ir de Liiii. JeanL)Ui3 de Chiiius whijtie nimu ajipi-ais on numbers 54 and 55, Markhani, i.iid on other lots, was a Major Geiieraliii the Royal Army of RriUany. At tli balls given by the (lovenior and otle ra a! York, the jewels of Madame la Comtesse created a gicat seiisa'ioii, wholly surpassing evcij- tiling of ttie kind that had hiiiiei'u neeti seen by th • ladies of Uppr Cmiaiia. Am- boise tie Farey of No. 58, in Yaugli lU, and No. 60 111 Mirkliaiii, nau also the nmii oi Gei.eral. Auguatiu Bvjitou of No, 4S .n ' n LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 693 M.irkhain, and No. 61 in Vuuglian, was a Licii tenant-Colonel. The Comte de Puisayo of Nc 52 in Mark-* nam, tigurcH conspicuously in the coutetn^ poriiy account** of the Royalist Btrug(?lf agaiiiMt the Conrention. He, himsi If, pub- lished ill London in 1803, tive octavo vol- umes of mi moirs, jusiitications of his pro- (:e''cliiit,'s :ii that contest. C.irlyle in liis "Kieiich Revolution" speaks of Ue I'uis.iye's work anil rererrinc to the so-cailod Calva- dos war says tha^liose who are curious in such ni;ittera may read therein "how our Urondiu Nitioiial forces, i. e., ihe Moder- ates ni.uchiiig otT with plenty of wind music weru drawn out about the old chateau ol i{ree<.urt in the wood country near Veinon (ill lirutaiiy) to meet the Mountain Naiion- ;ii lorci s ( h'' Communis!) advancing from I'aiia. How on the tilieciitli afuriiooii of Jiiiy, 179;{, they did meet ! and aa it wen shriek d mutually and took mutually to lligiu without loss, llow I'uisaye there ■ifiir — for the Mountain Nationals fled first anil we thought ourselves the victors — was iDus'd from his warm bed in the Cattle of Breiourt ami liad to gallop without boots, oiii- Nationals in the iiiglit Matclies having lail'ii iinexpecteiily into nawe ijui pent. ' Cariyle alludes again toihis inisadvcntui'f wh' iLipproachiig liesuhj cl of the (juiberon I xp miioii two y' ais later toward ihi^ close of La V'endere war. Aflhctng for the iiHiiiiini a proplieiic tone in I is p^'culiiu way (Jarlyle proceeds thus iiitroduciiiL' at the clusi! of his l^kl■tch de I'ui-aye once more, who was in coininand oi ilie invading fo;ce .ipokeii of alMiough nor undividedly so. "In tut inoiul r July, 17!*.^, Hngii«h ships,'' lie tay~, '• Will ride \u (^mberjii rouis. I here will lx> di barkalioii o. ciiivaiiou> ci-dfcii.,u.i (i. €. ex-noblesse) of volun eor pn.s> iiers of war, eag r to desert, oi firearms proclam.i- ■ ions, ciithes chests, roya ist and spcie. \Vliirrapi.n al o oiitiie Repiibicansule there wil! be r.ipid stand to arms wi ii anibii R' fl- ciions on the French R vo- lution he says : "I hear that there ir ■ coii- side:abl ■ emigiatioiis from Fiance, and tliar, man/ quiLiing ihai volup uous cliniie and nat sedujtive Circeaii l.bcrty have taken refuge in tlu froz ii .'egioiis and under the British d'spotism of Canada." Th" frizin regi iis of Canada, tiie great taeturiciaiis expression in lins place, has be- C'line a ster-'otypL-d phrase witu dee aimers. The reports f.f the first settlers at 'J'adou-ac and Uiubtc ma ic an indelible iir.piession on i!ie Knropean mind. To this day in trans- At. antic conrniiniiies it is realized only to a liiu't' d ex!< nt that Canada has a spring, Biimiin r and autiiiiin, as w 11 as. a winter, and that tier skies svear an asp ct not al- w.iys gloomy and inhospit;ib:e. British lies- poMsiii IS of course i onic.illy said andnieana 111 reality Briiisli consn utional freeiiotn. In some instances tliese Rny liist otheer-- ap- i> ar to liave accepted coinnrssioiis from the British down and so to kave becjiue uonii.-. nally eotitlo'd lo giants of land. There are some representatives of the ori*- ginal tmiijrea !iA\l to he met with in tiie neigiibuurlii od lif tiie O.ik Riilges, but they havo not in ev ry iiisiance coniiniieil to bo seized of the lands giantid ui 1798. The C. line de Cnalus, son of Rem Augu=lin, re- m f; fl :| I !i m kill i : 1 1, 8 ii Hi: If ll E- Ii inf 694 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ' n taini property here but ho Iitcb in Mou- treal. An estate, however, at the distance of one lot oastwai-d from Yonge itrcet \n Whit- church IS yet in the aclual occupation of a direct desceiidaut of oiu- of tlif first sultlffs in this legion, Mr. Henry Quctton St. George hore eiigagud with ciicgy in thu various operations of a practical farmer on land lulierited immediately from liia father, the Chevalier de St. lieorge at the same time diiipeniing to his many friends a re- fined hospitality. If at GUnloiioly the cir- cular turrets and pointed roofs of the old Fiencii chateau .»re not to be seen, wliat 18 of gieater importance the amenities and sreutle Ufe of the old French chateau arc to be found. A Urge group of superior farm huildings tormeriy seen on the right just after tne ^urn which leads to Givnlonely, bore ti.e graceful name of Larchmere, an appellation dlancmg at tlie mere or little lake wit'iin view o: the windows of the house, a sheet of water more generally known as Lake WiU- eocks, so called from an early owner of the spot. Col. WiUcocks. L-irchm-'re was for xornetimc tlie house of his great gtaudson, William Willcocks Baldwin. The house has since ben destroyed by fire. Just beu a'h thi.; surface of the soil on the borders of the lakelets of the Ridges, was early noticed a plenti'ul deposit of white shtll marl, re.sembluu' tho subsiaiice broug'it up from the oozy floor of tne Atlantic in the soundings preparatory to laying the tele- grapli c.ib e. It wa.s iu fact incipient chalk. it used to be employed in the composition of a whitewash for walls and fences. In these quarters as elsewhere in Canada fine specimens of the antlers of the Wapit; or great Amer.can stag were occasionally dug up. Tne summit Ictc! of the Ridges was now readied, the mo^t e evated lauG in this part of tlie basin of tise S;. Lawrence, a height, however, afte.' all of only about eiglit hun- dred feet above the level of the hea. Tie attention of the wayfarer was hereabuut always directed to a t-mall strenm which the road crossed flowing out ol Like Will- socks, ;ind tiieu a siiori distance further on, he was desired to notice a slight swale or shallow morass on tlie left. Tne stream in qu- stion he was told was the infant Hum-< b^r just starting south for L;»ke Ontario, while the swale or morass he was assured was a feeder of tlie eastern branch of the Ho land River, flowing north into Lake Snicoe. Notwithstanding the comparative near- ness to each other of "he waters of the llol- laud and U umber thus made visioie to the eye, the earliest project of a canal in these, parts was for the connection, net of the Holland River and the Humuer, hut of tht Holland River and the Rouge or New. 'il)« Missi.ssaga Indians attached great impor- tance to the Rouge and ita valh'y as a link in on>^ of their ancient trails between Huron and Ontario, and they seem to havti inipiirt. cd to the first vliite men their own noiione on the biibj ct. " l< apparently rises," siiys the Vazittirr of 1799, speakinu' of the Rouge or New. " in the vicinity of one ot the branches uf Holland's river with wnich it will probably at some future period b« connected by a canal." A proposed canal is accordingly here marked on one of the first manuscript maps of Upper Canada, Fa her St. Lawrence and Fattier Missis- sippi pour their streams, so travellers assnrc us, from urns situated at no great dis auoc apart. Lake Itaska and its vicinity just west of Lake Sup.rior possess a charm for this reason. In like mannei- to compare small things with great, the particular quar- ter of the Ridges « hen the waters of tlw Huinber and the Holland used to be se«n in near proximity to each other had always a special interest. Two small lakes calhid re- spectively Like Sproxtoii i»nd Lake Simon, important feeders of tlie Rouge, a little to the east of thi' (llenloneiy property, are situated very close to the streams tliat pjas into th" east branch of the Holland River, so that the conj-i'ture of the author o< the Onzettter was a good one. He say«, app.i- reiitly the sources oi the Rouge and Holland lie near each other. After passing the notable locality of thi» Ridges just spoken of, the land bi gan per- cptibly to decline and soon emerging from the contused glens and hillocks and wood.-, that had long on every side been hedc;!:^ in the view we suddenly came out upon ,4 brow where a wide prospect was obtained stretching far to the 1101 th and far to the east and west. From such an elevation the acres lure and there, denuded of their woods by the solitary axemen could not be distincuislied, accordiiigly, the panorama presented here for many a year continued m lie exactly that which met the eye.s of lb* first exploring party irom York in 1793. As we used to see it, it seemed m eJect to be an unbroken forest in the foregrouud bold and bil owv, and of every variety of green, in the middle dis ance assumiuR ii-u- tial, indistinct tints, as it dipped down intu what looki d like a wide vale there, appa- rently rising by successive, gentle staces, coloured now deep violet, now a tender blue up to the line of the sky. In a depression in the far horizon immediately in front w.ta to be seen the silvery Bhe«D of water. LANUMAKK.S OP TORONTO, 695 rill", of course, was the lake known smco 17U;{ us L:ik(! 8imcoc, but previously Hpokmi ot by the Fimich sometimfS as Lake Smion 01 Sheniong, sometimes an LikoOueutiron.k, Ou' ntaron an! Toronto, tno very name wli c\i IS so familiar to us now as apj)t rtaiiiing to a locality thirty miles souih- •raiil of thiH lake. Tlie French also ,jn tlieir own tongue sonu'times designated it, perhaps for some rca.-ion I'onnecled with tinliing operations, Lar ivux CUiim, Hurdle Lake, Thus in th« (lazttturul 1799, we have " Simooe Like, formei ly Lake aux Claies, Ouentironk, Sht^- Dioiig, situated b^^iween York and (iluueesitr upon I^ike Huron, it has a few ^mall islands and several irood harbours." Ami again on another page of the same (Juzetti'r we have the article " Toronto Lake (or Toronto) lake la Clie (('. c. Lao an X Claies), was formi rly 9P called by some others, ttie same article proceeds 10 say called ttie chain of lakes from the vicinity of Matcliedash towards the tip^d (f the liay of Quinte, the Toronto lakes and the comm.in. cation from the one to Uie other was called the Toronto Kiver," whilst in another place in the Uazflte(r we hare the information given us that the H um- ber was also styled the Toronio Rivir, thus •' Toronto River called by some St. John's, now called the Uuniber. " The regions of which we here obtained a kind of F'sgali view on the northern brow uf the Ridgts is a c assic one, renowned in tlie history of the Wyandots or Hiirons and lU th« early French missionary annals. Francis I'arkmau iu an agreeably writien work entil'ed " The Jesuits in North America in iHe Sereuteenth Century' has dwelt Somewhat at length ou the history of this locality which is the well peopleil To- ronto region, ^i'tii 0!i (Y y ft bcuui'oup dt iji n'<. ill the early reports of the Jesuit fatneis themselves this area figures lasgely. Thry iu fact constructed a map wlsich must have Id the central mission board of their asso^ cation at Rome to bc'lieve that this portion of Western Canada was as thickly sirewn with vulagesaiid towns as a district ot equal ajea in o d France. In the " Chorograpiiia Ri'gionis Ifuro.iam"' attached to Father du Cr'ux's Map of New France of the date, 16fiO, given :n Bressani'.s '*At)ridgemeiit of " Til ■ Relations, " we have the following p.acis conspicuously marked as stations or sub-missions m the peninsula bruiiided by Xdtawasaga li.iy, Matcliedash, or S urL'eoii Bay, he Rivi-r Stvern, Lake Couciiichiiig and Lake Simcoe implying population in and round each of them. 8i. Xavier, St. Charlis, St, Lniiis. St, Iirnatius, St. D^nis, kit. Joachim, St. Athanasius, St. Elizab'Mh, St. John the Baptist, St. Josepii, St. Mary, Si. Michael, La Conception, St. Mary Mag- dalene ar.d others. Li Schoolcraft's American Indians, the 8c-r in taking up !he sword to Blied human blood for ilu' Si"(iptnr«' s.uth tliai'it .8 rij;hteuii.snr>Ha that <'xaltetli a nation, but sin \a a rrproaeli lo ;'ny p op!.',' w.' Um'i concerm d fur ;hy wel- fare and tlie pro-pirily of tlie I'l'ovinee, Iio|iin^' thy adminiH ration may hi' sueli as to be a ti'rror to fne 1 yil-minded nnd a pleasure totiiein that tio w 11, tinn will the proTJiice QuuriBh and prosper under thy di- fi'ction, wl'.ien 13 the « nrneat desire and P'.avir of ihy smeere friend- — K ad and ap- pr iTcil in Von;„'' street monthly mer uii,'. b id the lSt;i day 01 th- '••tli mon-h, ISOU 'I'lmotliy K i^eis ami Amo.s A mit:i<,'e are :tp p. lilted ;.' atiend on tiie tioveiin r there- with. Signiil l)y order ot the same meet- ing. Nathaniel Pearson, clerk." To this addteiis, charaeteristic alike in the P'ouli.i;' syntax ot us si ii'eiu' h ami in tic well niraiit platitudes u wiiicii it i;ive8 cx- p.esMoii, iiis Kx t lieney was pleased to n - turn tile f illowuif; .uiswer : •' I letu/n yon my ttiankd for ymr dutiful address and for ycur i.'o d wishes for my wulf ire and pros- p.'iiiy o: this Province. 1 liave no duiiht of your piovinu peac fill and yood siiSjoets ;o his M.ij sty as Well as iiidu u.'ious .-ind rc' spectftble members ot soci ;y. I shall at all times be nappy to alToni to siieli persons my couiitenanee and ^iipptjrt. Francis Ciore, li! tiee. 21st .liuy. ISOIl. No ic.' is herehv "IV' n that r.'trii ,. ;■ ;iiici)iiari<'e 'or th.' tr'ins- the Pro- ( fhci: oi I Mx' cii- Ijiism.'ss ot action of the publi vine ■ wil in lutnre be given at the tie' .Secremrv of the Province, th' LANDMA'»KS OF TORONTO 007 tiTc Cinincil Offiop and the Survoyor«(f ne- ral's Otfioo, nvi-ry day in tin; year. Siin- (l.iyi, (liioil Kiulay anil Chriitniua Day oiJy I X(v pit'ii. from twn o'clock in llio nmrnin^' until tliri'i! in tliu afit'niiii.ii nmi trum fiv o'clock 111 til!' afternoon until Boveii in tli" evt^iiint;. By onler of llie L c ii,inantG(Jv- ernor. Jimics Oreoii, S'cri tury." SiKin slt'T the ipjjearaiiL'e of this nnticP, it liappeneil one 'o enoori, ti at ynunj; Alex- amur Maiiiab, a elvrk iii one ni the pul>ii(; (ifliii s, was iniiocicntiy Wiii'lui.p the (luver- imra ill li.iikatiuii from a loat, prepnratoty to Ilia beiiij,' convty d up to tie' Oouncil Clianilier 111 a aetlaii eliair wliiih wa.H in wiirin^' f(e- liini. 'J'lie yoiitii Hmldenly caii),'iu liis Kxcoll' ncy's eye and was n.-ked " what I'lisiue-B he had lo h • th re ' Did he not l>ei(jiit5 to tlif Survcyii -(lemrara Of fi(!i ? Sir 1 your servioia an; no lonyrr re- qinrcd. " For this samo youn^ Macnah thus sums niarily ilisini'Hed, <«o\iiiior IliinUr pro- cined sulis' ijueiitly a (.'Driiiiiis.sK.ii. He at- tidneil the rank ot Captain iiiii met a .sol- di' I's fate on tile fi Id o; W.iteriuo, the only Ulip<'i' Ciiiadian known Ut liavi; 1) '(••.•. eiu j{.i^'ed or to have fAlleii in tiiat fanii'un bat- tl>'. So late as 18158, Capiaiii Mai^nab's Wateiloo medal was |> <'S«'n;cd by i l,e Duke ot (Iambi id<.'e personally to tiic Ke^. Dr. Ma'n:\b, m1 iiowniauviUr, ne]iliew uf thed ■- ci :iK' d ullii'er. Two s louL' eliaraeteristic items relating toO'Vernor ilunter may lure he subjoined. Tile foliowiii;,' was his brief reply to tne Aiidiess of ttie Inhabitants of York on his arrival ilu'r' iu 1791) " Oentleiiieii, notiiinj,' that IS 111 my pnwir bIkiII be wanting to enii- trihut" to I lie liappinesn and wclf.ite of this ciiiiMiy." At Ni;it;a:a an address from "liie nieelianics and husbandmen" was nfiisfMl by him on tfie irronnd that an addreRs p o- lef-siedly from thi; inhabr.uits j^rnerally had bi'i II p: rscnted alri ady Oiitnis tlu' Can Mflhitittu of S -p*. 10, 17'J!I. jiiints the lo,- lowing aneitbti', wiiieli is i liit at (iovernor Hiiiii'i. '■ AiKtL-iiiire — \Vlieii rs, Asa U"C rs, Isaac Rogers, Wing Roy' r.s, Jamci Koijera and Obadiah ItojJt.TS. Ml. Lundy'a name does not appear amoiij^ those of tlie original i)atent''eH, hut b.itd or portKiiis of lots in the Q iiker settlement ari' mai kc'l at an early period wi li the names of S:iailrach Lundy, Oiver fjUiidy, .lacob Lundy, Reuben Lundy ami ptrli;ip.s mote. Li the region just beyond the Riilges, tliero Were farmers al«o of the conimiinity kiiuwn ,as Mennoiiists or Tiiiiki'rs. Long beard- when such append, igi's wei'" raritieH, dangling liair an'iqiie sii.'ipi'd, buttonlesa honii'-spun coats and wide liriniiriud, low-» crowned hats, made these persons con- spicuous in the street. On the sea' of a I ;idid C'lUnlry waggon, or on the back of a sohiary, rustic nag, wmjuUI now and then be sei'ii a man of tinti ci'inmuni y, wlu might pasp for Joliii lluss or .hihn a Lasco as repre- sented in tiie iictures. It was always cu- rious to gaz upon tiiese waifs and strays from oltl Holland, jierpetuating, or a', least trying to p •ipetuati'. on a new continent cu.stoins and notions originating in the pecu>« liar circurns ane-.s of obscure healities lu another hcmi-pherc three hiindied years ago. Simon Niei.no, the founder and pro- phet of the Ml iinonists, was a native of Fr esland iii 1496. lie advocated the ut- most rigour ot life. A'though there are ni x impU', who are diatin* guished for luxury m their tabhs, their e()iiipages anil their country srats, y't asub- 8 otion of the commuiiii V known as Ukc- Wai ists from one Uke Walds, adhere to iho primitive stnctiKss enjoined by Meiino. Tiieir apnarel, we are toid, is mean I" yond expression, and they aviud everything that has the most d;s ant app 'aiaiic ■ ot elegance or ornament. They let tiicir beards grow to ail enormous length, their hair uncombed lies in a disorderly manner on their slioul- lb rs, their eounteiiancea are mirked with tne stri'iiirest lines I'llO III niaire are such as ari' on leji'ction ami inela ly. and their habitations ami household Iv fitted to au- ■U'o uj) m swer tiie demands of meri' necssi tv. shall not enlarge, Mosheim adds the circumstanoes of their ritual, but only obs' rve tlia thy prevent all attempts to alter or modify their n ligiou-^ discipline by pii'si rviiig their p nple ;rom everything that 1) ars the remotest aspect of learniiig and mav ! *: If if ' i i ^ i! ! 'IN' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ba^e a tendency to enlighten their devout ignorance." The symvithies of our i)ii» mitiYt' Tnnkers b youd tl»e Rnlj;es weru as we may suppose with this aecuun of the fatherland Monnouists. Tiiongii only a niiiiuto frapmont of our population an exctptiou was early inadc hy the local parliament in 'avour of tho Men- nonists, or Tiuikeis, ailovrmg thcni to make aflBrma;iona in tiie courts, like the Quaki r;, and to C(>mpound for military aers'ice. Lkt- .Lollard. Quakci anrtiiu of the braii.'h of it with winch ve are immt'di.>teiy concerned, iK.suuig a D«w boru nii ivcHu one of its fuuntainr^. As we travfr8i-(l the Quaker settlemirt, tr»« .'gain sei-ii a brook m aiid'M ing tbi ouj^'h B«adows. TnuB was the rain tern branch of the river meand ring through mea'ows a mere b" ok. Tlie nutin 8tr»'am li<'8 ' tf to the west, flowing pa.st the m idiru Ihadford and Uoyutown. It m at the h'^d of ',e' main Mr ram Uiat the most Htrikmc .Tpf>n)Xinia- t»on of the waujrs of the Humber and Hol- land rivers is to be sien, \Ve arrive now at tti" Upper Landing, the ancient canof landng. i{>n: il was iliat the war parties and tiuuting parties embark- ed and disembarked while yet thes^ waters were unploughed by the heavy boats of the whre man. The Iroquois from the south, side ot Lake Ontario p' iielratod the wellpwopled regicp of the Huror.s by several routes, by iliv great liiy of Quin'e Highway, by tiie 'rails viiose t rniini on Like Ontario wiTe near respectively the moiern Bowman viUe and Port Hope, and thirdly by a track whici. we liav« virtually been following m thia our long ramble from V'ork ; virtually we say, for it was to the west of Youce street that the trad ran followini,' first the valley of the HumbiT and tlnn that of the main stream of the Holland river. Tne route wliich Mr. Ho. land ti vik when he penetrat- ed fronr. Toronto Bay to the head wavers ot ■he river, which now bears his name i.s marki d in the gi( at M. S, map whioh he cons' ruc'ed in IV'Jl. Hr passed up cident- ly along the great water course of the Humber. " V ou can pass from Lake Frontenac," t. c. Ou ario, Lahontan says " intj Lake Huron liy the River Tau-a^hon-ate (the Huinb'r) by a portag- of about twenty- four miies to Lake Toronto, which, by a river of the same name tiiip ies into Lake Huron, 1. e. by the River Severn as we should now speak. Hunting parties or war parties taking to the water here at the Upper Landinir in the pre>.hist;oric period woull probab y be just about to penetrate the almost insular lii.i- tnct of waich we have spoken westward of Lakr Simcoi — the Toronio region, the place (d concourse, the welUpcopled region. But some of till in might perhaps be makn.j for the Lik" Huron country and Nortii-Wf-at ge'iieraily by the t8tabli.-.iied trail liavmg its ti rniinus at or near Onllia, to use the modern nam\ In tlie days of t-he white man, the old In- dian plaec of ('mt)a;kation and debarkauon on the HoU.aiid River, aeciuircd the iiamf of th'' Upp r>(.'.uioe-LHndiiig and hith.-r the smal i-r craft continued to proceed. Vesbieig of deeper draught lay at the Lowt»r Landing to which we now ino'.'e ou, about a mde and a-half further down the stieam. Hero the river was about twi nty- hve yards wub*, the banks low and border- txl by a Woody marsh m which the tamarac, or larkb, was a conspicuous tree. In a clea on the Holland Rivir called Hoi- himl's LundiiiL', an open space; which the In- dians r.tid fur traders w^ert; in the habit of hcqtuMitmg. It presented to me soniethinc; of a Scottish aspect in the style of the cat- ta^f's, but ni8t(!;ul of mountains the environs wore I'overed with trees. We embarked at this p'.ac. " He was on his way co Godench It ;ht time via I'enetanguishene. The River Holland had its name from a f TtiK r Surveyor-Gttiieral of the i'rovince of Qinhee, pi lor to the setting ofl" of the Pro- vince of Uppe, Canada -Nlajnr S. Holland. In t'..e UpjMV Canada Unztttc of Feb. 13, iSO'2, we iiave an obituaty notice of this of- riciai personage'. His hist^ ry also it will be (ibsiived was mixed up with that of Gene ral Wolfe. " Died," the obiiuary says, " on the 2Sth instant— that is on the 28th <[ Dt'cembiT, 1801, the article being copied from tlie Qndii'C ilazitte of the 31st of thi' preceding DiC;niber — of a lingering illness, winch he bore for many yi-ars witii Chris- tian pati.'iuv and resignation, Maji r S. Hoi- laiui. He liad been in his time an iniiepid, active, and intelligent otficer, nerer mf,l:ing iliffieuities, iiowever a.daous, the duty he was empioyt d in. He was an excejleni field engineer, in whieli capacity he was em- ployed in tile year 17.*i8 at the siege 01 b&iiishourg in the
  • s, destroyed the defences 'f tlie t(.wn itid making a practicabb' bri ach obliged the enemy to capitulate. He dis- tiii^ruiBhed himself also at the i^iiuiui'sl of Qiiiiiec in IT")!), and was made horinuiablc inentiou ot in Gen. Wolfe's will .la a l ga- te*. He also distinfjuished himsi If iti t!ii' lit'fence of Quebec iu 1760, after Geiier.il .Murray's unsuccessful attack on the eneir.v Alter the peace, he was app'iinicl Survryot-f; n'-ral ot this pionnee and was uselii ly finp oyeil m iurvcyin,' the ,'\tiieri- can coasts troin wfiich survt y thos' d' aiiLriits publishtd some years since by Major Dc- barrr 8 have been principally taken." Majoi Holland was succeeded in the Sur- veyor G( nera ship of Lower Canada by a nephew — the disninguished Colonel Joseph Bouchette, In 1791, Major Ho land con- structed a map of the British Province of Quebec on the scale of six inches to the .s<(uaie mile. It exists in M.S. intheCrowa Liiul's OlHce of Onlaiio It is a miigiiifii cent mr.p. On \\. Lake Simcoe is left unde- fin d on one side not haying been explored in 1701. It was in 1832, that the project of a steamer for the Holland River and Lake Simcoe was mooted. We give a document relating to tins undertaking which we find in the Courier of Ft bruary 29th o'thatyear, publistnul :u York. The names of those wiio were willing to embark, however mod- era' ely in the eiaerprise, are of interest. It will be observeci ■.iiat the expedition con- templated was not enormous. To modern speculators in any direction what a baga- telle s-ems the sum ot £2.000. " S cainboat on Lake Simcoe," thus runs the advertisem' nt, " Persons who feel in- terested in thesuccess of thisundertakint; are respectively informed that Cupt. MeKenzie; late of the. A ciope, who has himselt of- fered to subscribe onesfourth of the sum re-« ([Hired to bnild the proposed steamboat, is now at B.Ufalo for the purpose of purchasing an engiK! to be dein-ered at Hollaiul Land". iiig dining the prcRcnt winter. Capt. Mc- K' rizie, who visited Lak" Simeoe last sum- mer, is of opinion that a boa' of sufficient size and power for the business of tht lake, can be buili for .£1,250. In order, however, to insure success it is proposed that stock to the amount ot £2,000 should b' subscribe id and it is hoped thai this sum will be raised without de ny in order that the ue- Ci'ssary steps may be taken oi) the return of Capt. Mcteiizie to commence building the boat with tile view to its completion liv the opening of navigaticn. 'Fhe shares are twelve pounds, ten shillings each, payable til persons ctiosea by the stockholders. The following shares have already oeen taken up ! The HiM'. Peter Robinson, 8 shares ; F. Hiwson, 1 : Kdw. O Bnen, 2 : W B. R..biiison,-t ; W. R. Runes. 4 ; J. 0. B u- cliier, 2 , Win. Johnson, 2 ; Jiihri Cummer, 1 ; T. Mctsington, 2 ; A. M R lines. 1 ; R>birtCaik, 1 ; Robert Johnsto 1 : M. Mossir.ctoii, I ; B. Jefferson, I ; J, M. J.iekson, 1 ; R, O.iver, 1 , Win. Turner, 2, L. Cameron, 1 ; F. Osborne, 2 ; J. Gnih.am, 1 ; J. White, 1 ; S. H. Farnswor h. 1 ; Andrew Mitchel . 5 ; Murray N^ ^''>iggi"g & Co., 2 : Capt. Crenrhmn. 2 ; Ciptain Mt- Keiizie, 40 : C,»ouil,i C<'mpaiiy, 8 : .1. F. Smiih, 2 ; John Powell, 1 ; Gran: Powell, •'ii-m 1< U r ' 1 f 1;, 1 '• 1 700 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ■|i fHfii i i i 2 ; A. Small y, 1 ; Simuol P. Jarvis, 1 ; Jam .- K. Sivnll 1, , R. W. Park.r, 1 . H. CainoroM, 1 ; Capt. Castl.', 79ili Rt,'t-. « : J.'unrs Doyle, 2, Fr;iiu d Piu-!psi. K:ist G'.viUnn^mry, 1 ; G. Lount, NS'.'s: Cwillnn- buvy, 1 ; S iDiiu 1 L ir. , Wost U w '.limlniry, 1 ; Georc'o P ay.or. Wl.Jchu; cii, 1 ;,losepli Hewftt, 1 ; Thomas A. Jibh. 2 ; Charioo S. Monch. llaytes-b'iiy, 1 ■ G. Ridout. 2 ; T. .". 1 ; C. MoVi-tie. 1 ; L\\v. A.laii.s. 1 ; S. Wasiibun;, 2 ; J. C. G.Hhvin, J : F. T. Bil- lings 2 ; TiK.riio k Patfriis. 2 • James Pea'r-oii. 1 ; R. Mason. 2 ; Wm. I. iiurliTon, 2 ; Wtii. Wiiro. 1 ; A. H. Toiu^'x, I : Sliel- (lon. ihrclic r & Co.. I ; Jab> z I'.aib.r, 1 ; R. \V. Prentice, 1 ; T Keli, 1 : Lucu.a O'Bn-n, J. Total 102share3. Perb. lis who are desi!0u.9 ff takm;; >hai'e3 in iliis boat are rcsp'^c'fuUy iniormed tSat the subscrip-. tioa pap r is lymg at tho .store of Mi ssr.«. Muri.iv, Newb gt;-.!)!,' & Co., whei- th.y can have nn opportamfy of thoir names. York, .Slst 1) ceiiibi r, ISIH." Tiu movemrni here initiated resuked in the steamer " Simcoe" which pli' d for sotr.e years between the L\ndnig and the porta of Lak- Simcnp The Stmco ■ was buiU a' the Upper Lindiii;^ and after liemg aunched, it was mcessary to d-ag the boat by main fore- down to "leep water throufjh the thiik sediment at the bottom of the stream. Dutin!,' the proccs.s while the eaps'an and rackle or other arrangement was b', ing V gorcus y worked, instead of the boat ad- vaiic iig the land in eotisivb rable missi, ni'jv.d bodily towatila the boa', like a cake of ice .-.et free from tlie mam fl le. Much oI the ground and mar>h in the creat e.s-nnry of the Holland River i.s said to be simp'.y an accucr.ulation or ■ irthy and vigetalde mat- ter rcstiiig on wa'cr. The " I'etei Itobnison ' wai aiic. 'ceded by %\u " .Slnieoe,' Captain Uell, ine • Iiea\er," *' Morning," and other veasels. THAI 'IF [I (CXI. THE BAY TO HOGG'S HOLLOW (ip-iU i.i Inl* re^l on itie .l up ti)ii;:e Ktrf<-t a<> oi lork. S.I G'orce Y nge. ,Se r-tary of W.ir in 1701, Hid rJ. I', fnr H m; on ;n the C'unty or I)ivon t om 17015 to 1790, i;iv. a nam to the most reniarkabh .•^tit et which To- ronto h in es.sid. It is I long J >tir!!ev tliioujh this sj-iit. bii by n-^ means an iiriiBteresting onf. Let us h i,',n at the bay sho'e and p.vw up YDnge .■etore starting it n\iy be remarked that Yongv street v/aa oiiginally what is kntjwn as a bush road, that is. winding inre and tluri- to cbc apt trreat tree.s. It fi I'ov/ed the track of an Indian t.ail. The obj ct of layin;; out this road of extreme length through i (Lms" wiliierness anii traversing almost nn- pissable raviiesj. is given by Snrveyoi. (bneral D. W. Smi;h ;n iiis (Jir.ittvr of 1791). U • says :— " Yong" street ig the direct coinmiinua- tion from York to Like Simcoe, opmni during the adm'nistration of hi.s f].\eeller.oy Major (leiieial Lieutrnant-G' veriioi- Siiiuc;', who. hai'ing vi-iti d L ik Huron by Lako aux Clair.-', (formerly a so Orieiitaroi.k ir .Simon, and now n;.med Lake Simcoe,) niiil disc veri'd •lu; haib ur ot P.ii.'t,Ui;,'U slieiu. (noM- Glousester.) to b tit for ."ii.]))i iiy, iisoivedon 'inprovi;ig the eommiinictitu.i, froui L.ike Oiil:irio to Like Huron by ili .- short ri ute, li.er'-by avoiilint; tne ciieintii.- passage o'' Lak' Krie. This street h.islnci. opentnl ill a .iir-it lui" a"d the road mail" by the tioops of his ExcelJeitcy's corp-!. D is thirty nrbs from York to Hollani'V River, atti.c Pim^ Fetrt eallt;d GwiUimbury, where the road "nds ; from thence you lirs ceiid into LaKe Simcoe, and having pa.-isiii it there are two pa>.'-ag' s into Like Huron, the on< by tho Rivir S vern, wliieii con- veys the waters of Lake Simcot; into (Jiouoester B'y, the othi r liy a .small port- age, the continuation of Yonge street o .i ■smad lake, >v'iiich also runs into (Jloucestt; Hay. This oonminn cation atToros tniny advantag s. Vlei ctiaiidisc from Motitri-i to Mh'hiiimai kiiiac may be sent thi.s wny at tell or tittten potind.-i has exp-ns' !>• i ton Mian by the route of the Grand or Ot. : tawa river, and thtt merchandise froii N' u York to be :seiit np the North and Mohawi> rivers f.,r ' he nortli-wi .si trt'.de finding :t.< w;iy into Like Ontario ♦: Oswego, ( F rt raiio) the advanage w.ll eertnin:y be teit oi transpor:ir.g goods from O-'W. go tn York and from thence attross Yonge street a'.^t tli ioiiiho ct Cdiff . Instil'. • Si'ott. ^unoui t'lj by orchard, g.udeii and plcisure gp'ti'i. att' rward th • resi opp sit'' the foim r's house that llie i iottook j)laee whieli sn;ii.uiz il die re'urn horie o Widiain Lyon Mick ii/ie in 1840 after t\v. he yeais of ex- d»'. N X', on the west side ab'Ut whe.e a stiie!; l»ads into T: inity S(|iiai-e, •■■ white gate IS readied tlie eniiince info the grnui lis f.f Dr M .caiday. His oouse in wiiat i^iniw iVinity Sijuaie, ^^a.i long cons.dereil partuid irly riniote ami uiaccessihlu and stents arc told of per .n- bcwildi re.-. M le.iulay's il'iini- cili' xvaa (lissu iileil on i< aehciiLT Mr. Smalls hte.se at the coni'T "f Knif; and U'lk-'hy btiects from at temp' 11,;^' to iii.s!; on to ins (le.s:i!:,itMti. aj- le'Uj^Mi il \va- by no ni-aii'-- lilt", "U account of tlvf iiiconveni. nces and neils to b' eiieouiitPlei!, and ha t the foU I'JWi: _' day was Miki n 11(1 :n accomplisliini: tile ii >i,im> of his jou! n y, N' ■ til of thiB point a li^ '■ s'rrti li of ;oii s' l;iiid . Atended to Yorkvdh-. A iittle b - yndwii're (JrosveM'-r s're. t lads into w 41 was Elmsny \'i,la, ivas a sod ary green field with a screen of lofty tre<-« on three of its sides, In its midst .vasa Dutch barn or hay barracks with mov.ible top. On thi^ northern sidi; of this was the exact spot where a fatal duel was four;ht, 'he story of which has been alr'ady toid. Justtothe north of he scene of this duel was tho portion of Yoi.fcc street Mrhert! a wooden tramway was once laid down for a short distance. Sub eiraiiean ^pniies and quicks sands hereabout, rendered the p iinitive rcadinaker'soccup.ilioii no •'a^y one and pre^ vl 'US to til • application ot macuiani, the frainway, while it lasted, was abi'ou to the fanners after he.-ivy rams. \ ar bj- was the cott.ifje or Mr. Charles l)ur;uid. His fatlur was the liist who ever imported Iwx- hounds into Ui'pr Canada, a p ck of which animals Ineausid tobcsentou to him from Knglind. I'eter I) a .laidiics from whom the Huiidas Can.al lias is ninie w.is ,i clerk in the employ of Mr. Duruiid in 1SU5. A few jards inriher on was what was popularly known as the S.indhill, a modern ate rise showinc where in by-gone ages the lake b'g-iii to shoal. An ot'ject of intereat in the woods h .ro at the top of the rise on tlie went sidew.is the " Iiidi.in's com- pany witli till' Sp i'k'.'r's m ce on iha' oc- casion, the s;o:y arcs.' of its h;iv ng h"en ilsiovrivd ('Ver 'ill' Speak"r'a ciiair in 'h'.' r irli.iin"ir Buiiiiiiig liiat w.-is d-stioy'd. r I. W. F. (.(ytiiii 111 his " isr_'. The \V,ir aod l:s Moal' asserts lh.it t wa- a i> iiike or sci.feii w:g tliat was ioiiiid ill th.' Par- li.imcnt H'luse and \\h,:< inist.iKi n forase i p. i;ildd:lig U (lilireinents iiave at tlie pres- ent l:ni" eeiasioii d t he I'onipl tc iblicra- tioii of tiu'Sii.dhl! and t iu- boin s of 111' Indian brave .■ind i is foi etjiihers hav.' b . ii carrieiiaway p.rh.'ip.i to mix witlitliem ':t.u- ■ ! it '■''.11 . I ; I ro2 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. of many a building. To the eastward of this sandy rise wa» one of the oa ly public nur- sery gardens of York, Mr. Frank's. Fur- ther to the north on the same side was an- other, Mr. Adams. The grounds of Kcar- sirg House, Mr. Pi'oudfoot's mansiou, occu- py ihf site of Frank's nursery gardens. Tne rest of the Sandhill rise bore the name of Clover Hilli tlie home of Captain E msley, son of the Cliief Justice. Anothtr house on the same properiy in which tlie Capt.iin •ubs' qiienrly liTed was named BaiiistabL', being a por ion of the out-buildmga con- vert'-d into a dwel ing. To the north of the Sandhill on the east side of the road was a wayside mn sti 1 standing known as the Gardeners' Arms. Ou the right beyond the Gardeners' Arms were erictcd at an early date a considerable distance trom each other, I wo or three flit single storey, whitt frame cottages, the tirst of saiili structures in the outakirt'i of York and Kpcodily copied and repeated in various direitiuns, being thought models of neatness and convenience. Opposite where these little cottages were to be se-n at a later date w:is the yiii< yard of Mr. Bevau, who combined the nianufac'.ure ot wo'.iden ware and wiue. Just before reaching the first concession road, or what is now Bloor street, was afamily rejidenoe of an ornamental suburb:\n charac:er, put up by Lardner Bustwiek and the first of that class of dwellings in the neighbourhood. Next .ifter Bostwick'"^ was the house of Mr De Blaijuier, who livid tlier" before build- ing notfar oCF, the residence ea led The Pines, wheri' he died and which was afterward oc- cupied by Mr, John Hiward. Mr. D> Blaquier was the youngea; sun of the first Lord De Blaquier of Ardkil) n Irelnud. H^' emigrated in \SX1 and was subsequently ap- pointed to a ."eat in tlie Legislative Council ot Upper Canada. In his yiu'a h- had 8e«n astive service as a m dsh.piran. He w%8 present at the battle of Camperdown in the Bounty, commanded by Ci plain Blieh. He was alsoin liie fl et at the Noie «|uTing the mutiny. Next we come to the First Concession Road now named Bloor street from .Mr. Bloor, a brewer anil large property owner ■)f tile neighbourhood who lived on the south sideo^!;.ij street east of Yonce street. Heri'. too, at the eastward jtood .S'. Piul's Clinrch, made famous by the erection of ^ ap\T< eigiity-five feet nigh in oneaftei noon as desciil/ea m another cdapter. P.assiiiL' on the left wiiat was the old " Potter'B Field,' or " Vork Geiii ral, or Strangers" Burying Orouud," wi- tiiul ourselves opposite th"- celfcbrateil Red Linn Tavern int'.nia:ely con- nected in many ways with the •■aily historv of York. On the east side cf Vonge street n' ar the nortliern toll-gate, stood Dr. R. C. Heriie's house, burned in the troubltg of 1SH7. To the right further on is the brew- ery of Mr. Severn built in 1835. S ill fur- ther on the same side, a block house of twu st'iries, both of them rectangular, hut the upper turned half round on the lowf^r hnilt in coiiBequenoe of the troubles of 1837 and supposed to command the great liii.'hwiy from the north overhung a high bank. An- other of the same kind stood at the eastern extremity of the First Concession Road. A considerable stretch of striking laiuUeapf.' here skirts our I onto on the r ght. Rofic., dale Hous.-, the old home of Seplien J. avis, Registrar of the Province, has always been noticeable for the romantic character ot its situation .a tlie crest of a precipitous bank, over-lotkiiig the deep wiiulmg raviiies vi Rosedale. The perils and horrors encountertd ev>ry spring and autumn by travellers and otli-rs in their ascent :ind descent of the precipi- tous sides of the Rosedale ravine at the point where the primitive Yonge .strett :ro8sed it were a local proverb and a by- word of perils and horrors, ranking for enor mity with those associated with the pass- age of the Rouge, the Credit, the .->.x een ami a long list of other deeply plout;iieJ watercourses, intersected by the two great highways of Upper Canada. The as . ut and descent of the gorge here wi'i." cohee- tively spok'^n of as the •' Blue Hill" from tlie fact th .„ ntrata of a bluish alay in jlit be observed at the summit on both sole- All the conditions reijuired to be fuihll-d by the first settlers were these : They must within the term of two years clear fit for cultivation and fence ten acres of the lot ob- tained, build a house, IG by 20 feet of Kn;'-- or frame, with a sliiiiirle roof, also cut down all tile timlier in front of Miid the wiiole width of the lot, which is 20 chains I.'IS f>'tl wide, 3;{ feet ot which must be eiesrcd smooth and it ft for half of the publ;e read. To issue iiijuiutions for the perfoi miie ■ u! such work was easy. To do such work or to get such work efTectnaUy done wi.- iiihitr the circumstaiic s of the times dithcul:, Hence Yotitre street continued for some years attt r 17!t4 to be little more than » rambling forest wheel track througl. 'Ii woixis. In 1794 William Berczy brought ovev from the Pulteney .Settb inent on th' •'outli side of Lak" Oiuario, sixty (ierm.in fimiln ■^ and conducted them to the towii.slii|> 'f M;irkliam north-cast of York, where lamU had been assigned them. In effeotiMk.' this first lodgnient of a considerable bndy i^ eok)- nis's in u region entirely ni w, Mr. He >'i:v necessarily cut out by the aid of I is p.ntv LANDMARKS OF TOkONTO. 703 ;viid »uch other help as he could obtain, bL'Uit kind of a track through the for at ;iloiij» t!ie line of Youge street. Ho had al- leady ouco before successfully acornplished ,( similar w^ik. He had hewn out a waggon loiui for emiyranta througii trackless woods ail ihi' way from Philadelphia to where the ruiti".' y Settlement was. la IVX^, Deputy Provincial Surveyor Au- austus J U' s was dirci::e(i by Lieuienaiit- Governor Smooe to surrey and open in a iiioie effective manner ;he route winch Mr. B iL'zy /lud his emigrantb had travelled. A de:achnu'ut of the Queeu's Rangers wrs at tl.esainc time order- d 'o assis:. On the 24th Drctnibsr, 1795, Mt. Jone.s writes to D. W. gmitli, Acting Surveyor (General — His E*- celltiicv was plea.-ed to d;reet me previous to my -surveying tiie townsh.p of York to precetd on Yoiige street to suivey aiul open a cart road from ihe harbour at Yoik to Lite Sinicoe, which I am now busy at. Mr. I'earse i.s to l)e with me in a few days' time with a tie'achment of about thirty of the Quei u 8 K»iig'T8 who are to assist in open- ing tiie saul load In his note-book and jouciial for the New Year, 1796, Mr. Jones records the cornm ucement of the survey thn-* -Monday, 4th January, 1796, Survey d Yi>ut;e street. Begun at a Poat near the Lak York H&rbonr on Bank, between Nos. 20 am) 21, the course bemg Mile Ni. 1 N. 16 degrees W. eighty chains from B ack Oak Tree to Maple Tree on tii« right side aloiij; the said V ge street, at eighteen cham.s tifty link.- mall creek, course the same ai thirty-two eighty, here First Coii- oession. At N. 36, W. to 40-50. At 39- 50 .swamp and creek ten lin-ks across, runs to tie right, tbeii N. 2, K to 4."? chains m the lii;e. At 60-25 small crefk i uiis to right 8wainpy to 73, N. 29 Vv'. to 77 swamp on ngn', then N. to 80 on line, timber cuiifly wlu'.L' aiid black oak to GO and in many places windfalls thereon, maple, elm, bei cli and a tew oaks, black ash, oose soil. Mil" No. 'i, do, 80 chains rising fine Kidgc tu 9 on tup. And so on day by day until Tues- c'a\, February 16ih, wht ii liie party reich- ed the LaMdii>g The suiTry and opening 0! till street Irom York Hay to the Landing thus ori'upied forty-three dayn— January 4.1i to Fi bruary 16 h-^ Throe days .sutiiced lor the return of tlie party to the place of beginning. 'I'lie memoranda of these three days run thus : — Wcdmsaay, 17ih — re- turned back to a small lake at the iwenty- firtt mile tree, pleasant weather, light winds from ihe w.'«t. ThurHilay, 18th —-.lame down to livt mile tree from York, pleasant wea- ther. Knday, 19' h — c%me to tne town of ^ ork ; busy entering tome of my field notes. Weather as biifore. Tae next day Mr. Jones went to the Garrison and informed the Gov- ernor that Yonge street was opened from Ynrk to the Pine Fort Landing, Lake Sim- coe. Another early SurTeyor o" note, coiuect- ed with the primitiTe history of Yonge street was John Stegmann, a German, who had been an ofEccr in a Hessian regiment. He was directed in 1801 by the Surveyor- General, D. W. Smith, to examine and re» port upon the condition of Yonge street. Thus he reported — Agreeable to your in- structions for the examination of Youge street, I have the honour to report thereon as follows : That from the town of ?ork to the three-mile post on the Poplar Plains, the road is cut and that aa yet the greater part of the said distance is not passable tor any carnage whatever on account of logs ^^ liich lie in the street. From thence to Lot No, 1 — the first l.jt after crossing the third concession road from the lake shore — the road IS very difficult to pass at any time agreeable to the present situation in which tiie said part ot the street is. We have then a detail of his notes as to the condition of the road opposite evt ry lot aU the way to the northern limit o: the townships o: King and Whitchurch. Of lot No. 1 in the town- ship o: York on the west side of Youge street it is reported that the riquiskion of (-0V rnment is complied with, except a few lugs lu the stn et not burnt. Of Lot No. 1 on I he cast side also that it is coiaphed with except a few logs not burnt. No. 2 west side complied with the street cut but not burnt. East side complied with, tome logs in the street not burnt and in some p aces narrow. No. 3 west side complied with except a few logs not burnt, east aklo complied with, the clearing not fenced, no house, some logs in the street not burnt. No. 5 west Bide complied with, East side non-compliance. No. 8, west side, com- plied with the street cut, but not burnt. East side complud with the street cut, but not burnt. Here the street it is noted goes to the eastward of the liiHi on account of hilly ground. No- 3, west side, complied with ill clearing, the street bail and eariow. Mistsiiio ncn-eompliance, street bail and narrow and to the east of the road. Nc 16 west side notlung done to the road, about five acres cut, not fenced and no house thereon, oast side complied with. No. 17, west side coiiiplK-d with, tht underbiush ic the street cu , !rut not. burnt, easi side eom- plied with exetptsome lugs not burnt. No* 18, west side, weil-complied with, ( ast side well eomplnd with. No -JS. west sidr, compiled with, east side complied with— nolliing done to the street and a jchool- houae erected in the ceulre of the atr'.et. 13 '^ i; 1 M m '\ i: 704 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO Tliia is tlie end of the township of York. Th(Mi on No, 3.'], west side Vaugiuiii cleariiijj coinpliL'd with, no Mouse ;inil iiolhini; done to the street. E:ist si.le, Mark ham clearing complied witl'i swUlh p.irt ut the street cut, but not hurnt and noi 1 1, p.irt of the street nothiiif; done. No. 37, V ai;,'h,in cle iring O'i'Dpiied w\tn, but sunii' ;iig' trees and some h'gs lett in the street. Markhani, scrnii' trees and logs left in the street, some acres cut hut not hun', no fence arid a small loi,' iioust; N'v 5^ V.iUi{h:in claruig nomplied with tht- strc. t tUl and legs not burn. M:ii khani cuariiig cdmplied \v.U\, the s;ri'el cut and logs not burnt, a very bad place tor the load and may be iaid out bet- ter, No. G3, wist side, King noncompli- anco, e.isi sule, Wliiichurcn. uou-comp.i- »nce and simil.irly nu -.o N), 88. on which in K lit; fhe clearing Is coniplieil witli, not fenc' d, the.^.ieei good, in Wlii;ohU!Ch, the clearing is coniiilied with, but notiiing done to tlie atroet. N >, Do, Kiig, four aci'S cut and iiuthing ibniu to the stieet. Wh t church. SIX acres clear land and uo.hiiig done to the s reet. Here King and Whit- church and the npor; end. Ml S ( gmanii cuiic udes iiis report by say- ing — This was tlie real situation of Voi;ge street when i xanr.nt d by me, and 1 am sorry to be under the necessity to add at ttie con- clusion of this repur tliat the most ancient inhabitants of Y(ugf street have beinthc most 111 gieciful in clearing tl.e street and 1 have rea-ipn to belipwe thai some ir fl ■ with tiie r>()l^^ltion of (loverniiient in ie>pect of clearing rtio street. Mr. K rc/y lirougiit over his sixty-four fami.ies in 17'J4. The most ancient inhabi- tants were thus oi srven years' stainlini;. It mt n of the second generation regarded Voiige street as a ditlicult route to travel, wliat must tlie tiisl from the Genesie country and l'^ n nsylTania h.ive found It to be. They brought with liicin velr.chs, and h'^r.^es, ar.d tatiniieB and soiiii; household stntr. The iutZ'ttff.r ol IT'J'Jday.-, that the b idy of tl'.eir w.>t!i;oiis Was made ot close b'l.rd.s and that the most clever had th • ingeiuii'y to caulk the seimis and so by shifting oti : lie bot jou.'iiey from York to till' Landing, tiny lowered tlieir wagijons oown the Kt<-< ps by ropes paBS'd round th' steins of saplings and th' n hiiuled them up the ascent on itie upn sie aide in a similar >vay. Just beyond th. Blue 11 11 raviue en the west side stood tor .i >'iig while a^uneiy un- finished franit' bui I'l t, near the Af adows, the resiiiein;" ol Mr. J Hiliyiud Canierc'ii. CiUNsnut Park \Mes ..i- terwards taken by i!r. Micph isoii. A: I' bit gliinps. s are obt, lined of Oiklands. M.. John .Mai (louald's resilience, Raiinaliy. Mr. M'-'MjJiter's tiod.' and Woodlawii, the le.a.e o: C;iaucellur Bl.ike and built liy Imn, i i' I -,lve, justly b. »epi.-i of a ruad. 1 1 tiie Nort on wli.-i utr-e-t. that the I lie roii! .11 tnat I for ht Iji The ill wn , use.- th; I hat a.s 18 Sill I tik> I.-: I reaeluil rt.c-iiiK known .Mr. Can be. ur luiii- ibourj. tb tlic r >■ - LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 705 afterwards occupied by Justice Morrison. Sumnu-r Hill, seen on the liigli laud far to tlif rif^lit and commauding a uolilc view of tho wide plaiu below, including Toronto and uie laki' vi<;ir far distant, was built by Ciiarka Thomson, whosu uanic is associated Willi tilt; former travel and postal service of rue whole length of Yonce .street aod the UpiwrLikea. Sumuur Hill was groatly im- proved and enlarged by Larratt Smith, its »u1m (Jill nt owucr. The pnmitiTc watrgon track of Yonge 3:1." t ascended the hill at which we i ow arrive a little to the west of the present line of the road. It passed up tliriUj^h a narrow excavutrd notch. Across tins dc- prcsMon vr trench, a forest tree tell wrh'iut miiig I'l'dken and there long rcinaiiu'd. Teams dU iheir way to and from town had to ji:iss iiiuicr it, like captiu' d armies of old under the yoke. To some among ihe coun- try io.k it sui.'geste(l the beam ot the gal- lows-tree. Htiice sprang an ill-om' lud uaiii-' long attached to tins spot. Near here at th • lop of the hill were hirmerly to be seen tiie remains of a mil wimll.iss o:' capstan used in the hauling up of the North- West Ci nipany'b boats at this point of the long portinje from Lake Ontario to Lake HiiioM. S I ear y is August 3, ll'ii^J, the >i;igara d'on-ftellntiiju announced 'ha: it was nforiiied on good aut'iuniy tiiat the Nurlh- Wes; C iui])aijy had it seriously in cut!!"iii- platiuii to establiahacomnuinieationwirh tlio Uppir Likes bywayoi Yurk through Vong' suiet li Lake Sinu'oe, a dis; aiee oi tliir y .hree miles. The Const dlat ion adds that the (ioveiiinient has aciua, \ I'egiiii tu open Yoiitre sireit for sev. ral mile.- wh:eh ex iin* p!e wil niiilouhu tlly be no sm.nl iiulUvi- nil lit to persons wi:o possess piopeiiy on thatstDet and i S vicinity to exert them" -elves in opening and completing what niiy justly be considend one of the primary ( b- .'epis of attention in a new oouiii ly, a good road. In these ro.id. To tlio h'.'t o: Yiiiig- str- el at the pu.nt now roaclud and lying alii.'htly back stu! d uiiiil ree-nilv h house of Mr. J. 8. Howard, known ;.s Obve (irove. It was l.inli by .Mr. (Jiiupbe.i, propiiutur of the Oi'.aiio House in York and an eminent man in the Masonic body. Masquotah— meadow in the Ochipway tongue — stood to the left a short distance in. L, was the home of W. Warx ren IJahlwiii, tliesonoi Dr. VV. W. Bald" win, the builder of Spidina. D er Park, to the north of the road that enters here, but skirting Yonge street as well, had that name giveu it, wlien the pro- perty of Mrs. He ith, widow of Uol. Hath, of tde H. E. i. Company's service. On a part of this prep rty was the house built by Colonel Car.he«-, afterwards the abedo 01 Mr. Fisk n. Colonel Carthew, a halt-pay ofBL'ir of Cornish origin also made large ;m- ))rovemen s on property in the viciuicy or N wm.irket. Ju- 1 alter D r Park to avoid a long ravine, winch lay m the line of the direct rou e nort hward, the road swerved to the left ami then desc'ndetl passii g over an em baiikmeir which was the dam of an aiija-. cent sawmill, a fill" view of the interior of which will the saw usually in active motiou was olitaiiieil bv 'he ■ raveiler as lu' fared on. Tiiis was Mi''hiii \V!i tmore's s-tiwrniT. Of late years the rtpt-.x of the long iriancle o: No; m Ill's land tliat for a great while lay des(dat*) betW"eii the original and subse- quent lines of Yoiige street, was happdy utilized by the eri ction thereon of a church, Corist Cnu'ch, an object well seen in the a^C' lit and dencent uf the street. Ancient- ly V' ry near the site of Christ Chuicii, a --olitary loiigish, wooden building, fronting sou'iliward was conspicuous, the abod'' of M '. Hudson, a provincial land surveyor of mark. L lokig back soutliwaril from near til; front of Jii-- liouse a finedistant glinipso of the waters o; Like Ontario used to be obttiin (1, ehisiiig the Tista made lu the for- est by ^'oiigo street B ore !• aching Wliitincre's sawmill, w..ile parsing aloi.g the brow of the hill, over luukii'g the ravine, which was avoided by th.' alree; iis ii ran in the firs; instanc •, there was to be seen ;it a little dis tinee to the lig'n on some n>ugh undufa'iug g'nuiul a house which always attracted the eye by its atVaciatioii of Gothic in the outline of its windows. On the siihi towards the ptib- lie voad It showeii several olitusexiu aded l.uic t ligtiis. This p. culiatity gare the building otnerwise ordinary enoutrn, a slightly lomant c a;r. Ir had the ■ tl'ec i:i fact at a liter p ricd of creating foi this liabi':ation when i^taiidint,' for a considerable while tenantless, the reputation of biing h.un id. Tnis nonse .and the surrounding grounds constitute d Springti Id Park, the oigiiial Upp'T Canadian in m otJihuMdis ,1 icU-^oii, a;. !•; i,'li h geulleiiiaii, lurnu 1 ^' oi iJuwiiion in \Vi sliire, who einigr.ited liiih- 1 lA \i \ ! J I, I I I! 11 I II ill 7oe LANDMARKS OF TORONTO er prior to 1806, but finding public affairs managod in a way wliich he diemed not Batis'acory he returned to England, where in 1809, he published a pampliu-t addressed to the K'ng, Lorda and Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain atid Ire- land, entitled " A Vhw of the Pohtical Situation of the Province," a brochure that made a stir in Upper Canada if not in Eng- land, the Local Hou-se of Assembly voting it a libel. In the preface to his pampliiei which is a well-written production, Mr. Jaclkison gives an account of his first con- nection with Canada ;uid his early expe- ruiK'c here. Hi' says : "Having by right o: inheritance a cI-mui to a large and very valuable ract of laiid in the Provinee of Quebec, I w;(8 induced to visit L wer Cana- ua for the p'rp.>se of invy> or the Missionary Society sends, only tire luiiumbir, wi;hout glebe perqusite or p.\r3oni.g • l.uuse and still 'ewer cliuii lips than ministers o: ti •• established religion.' Nevertheless, what th'^ old Freiic 1 trader siiid (f Atii'a — Toiijoxirn en ma"(li^.i soin. of the villages be; ween Albany and Youngs- town, ,'. suspicion arose that a case ot kni - napping w.is in progress and Messrs. I'wk i and Garsides, were exposed to risk o; per- sonal violence In fore they co'.ili reach tliu wes'eiu bank of the Niagara River witn their prey. A few years later, C'ifioi; .Jai'ksoii obtained a situation in the Honit; Colonial Otlice with a good salary. To di-- tingui-h Mr. Mids Jael;-;(jn from Mr. Sam- u I Jackson, another Yonge street paipiie^ tor. the epithet Jacobin was applied to tie fornuT in aili'tiou to his political piincip 'a, and th'- appellation Hatter J .cksoii to ti ■ latter ir. tillusion to his trade. OniheiiiTa- sion of Canada I'y tie United States fotces during 'he war of 1812, he open'y avowed his sympattiy witii the invaders and was obliged to fl e from the t(u;ntry. The original o\eiier of Jacobin Jacksoii'd property wa.s Stilhvell \Vii,-on, who as e.ily as 1799, was appointed one of the (jver.>eors of highways and fences for the poriioti ei Vongo street from Lot 20 to Lot 4l) iii Mark- ham and VaUi;hMi. In 1S21 he w».s land lord ot the Wa'erloo House in York. Iu 1828 sc-me of his pr. peity w .a seized for aa indidjttdnesH to one Jairus Ashley. At an- other time he Tasiii c( niinand of aslip-ketl seliooner plying between York and Niagara. After Mr. Jackson, Mr. Cawthra became H • owner of this property. As we reach the higher laud after cro'-s- ing tne dam of Whnmore's Mill and return ing with ti;c more liireci line of 'he s'reet some rude p itery works meet the wy. Hern in the midst of woods the passei-by saw on one side of the road a oue-horse clay, griod* LANDMARKS OF TOkONIO. 707 iiii; 111 cliitii! laliorioui'ly iu operation ami on till- I'llit'f ili.' P' ctcd to b • permanent wiien the Quebec Art was pass d in 1780, reniainett di.wn to a late date in the shape of a way.-tide inn to tne right near here atyh d on its sign the '■ Gl' b Iiin."a ti.le and sign reinindiiig 0:1 ot the "Church Sale.-," and ?' Cnnrcli 'i lies' uot uncununoii 33 Tillai.'e a e-houso uesignations in some parts of Eiiglaiui. Hitherto the g'ueral direct i^n qf Yonge ST'Ct has heen north sixteen degrics wesr. At the point where it passes th road niaik- ing the northern limit of the Tnird Coiices-. siuii from th' b:iy it swerves s ven degrees tu 'lie eastwaid. In 'lie first survey of this region mere occurred heie a jog or tauh 1:1 the lines, The portion of the street pro- posed to be opened north failed by a few nda to connect in a continuous nghl line with th portion of it that led southward iiuo Yuk. Tiieirregii'anty was afterwards corrected by slicing oflf a long, narrov.', an- gular piece roni three lots on liie east side and adding the like quantity of laud to the ujiposite lof, it 'lapp niiigjuat lien; that the itj's on the east sride lie east and west, while ihose on the west side lie north and sou'h. A:ter the third coi.c s>ioii, the lots along ;iie stre'et lie uni uruily east and west The fj;st pcssesBOr of the lot on the wts: ■■ide of \'()iiye streer, fligii, ly augm- iited as described, was the Baron I)e Hd n. an 1 Ilicer in one of the German regiments disbanded after the Ui.ited States Revolutionary War. He was a fiieiid of the Uildwiii family. In lt)*H), he was th^ second 01 Att(j: ucv (jene- la: Whi'e, who was killed iu a diel with iJr, Small. In our progn 89 nortiiward, we now trav- era • tjround hica ly historic as the .-c no of a si- irmi-h and bloodslied in the troubles of 18;{7- I'hc t vents connected witti this havu been sufHciently describ d. The giea: con- spicuous wayside inn, wliich here s'. ood at : he right ot the road, usually calh d M .nt- gumery'.'i, was at tin; time of its des rue; ion by the Government torcca iu 1837 m tho occupation of a landlord, named Lmgfcor, Tlie liou.se (if Montgomery from whom ihe inn took its name, ho having been a former oncupant, was on a farm owned by h.mself, b< au ifuUy situattd on rising ground to the left, subsequent y the priperiy and place of abode of Mr. James Ljsslie. Mr. Mon:- C'lmery had onee a iiote in York named " The Bird in Hand' on Yonge stl•ee^, a litil.' to tne nortn of Eliiot;'sSun Tavern. Kgliiiti n through which at the present day Ymige 3' reet passes hereabout is a cuiious Si ray memo: ial ot the Tournament in Ayr- siure, whieh made a noise in 1839. The passages of aims on tho farther side of the A'Jantic, that cccasionally tuggest names fur Canadian villages are not always of so P'licefiil a character as that in tho east of Kglinion's grounds m 1839, although it is a mat'trof some in;er plac "(l as to slifltcr i' from the iiortti f-ast MiniH. acid, il to its Ivitjiish a^p c . This was Iv'i i^-liid. tiio licim of Sir. !:kt'uise an iinnrijrant fr.'in tho \V. ,s It was af ti'i wa; d^ ilu'.alioac of M:-. an Alierin.'vii ot I'oronto. Uiio or two old Sarin houses of an fini- hib, Now Jersey style of two storuya wilh sttep- 'sli roofs ami small wii.dows w. it tlnii pas-'d on th.' loM. Some way fiirili"r on, but still in the low liiid of 'In irrfi.;u ar la- vine ano' lier p' imi'iv- nisnc mair.ifacoiy of leatli' r waa n^iu' n'd, 'I'm.s was " Law- renci' s Tannery." A or il<:e ov. r tno s-tream here whieli is a feeder to ll;e l>oii, W.m Bom. times s^pcken of as H iwhe'.s bridf,' ■ fr m the nam.' if its build v. In th.' h. I- kw on 'he ii f , ilusc to tie •.aniiny and ovi rlocik d f I om ' lo' road, wi-^a cream col- our d. resp ctable frame iiou-.-, th(- domi. cile of Mr. Lawrence lims if. In ins yir.i or R.ird'ii, some hives of lu'o.s whvn such things Were ramies, u>ed ruways to lie 1 lok- cd at witli cni'iosry in pi'sine. Tlie oriL'i- nal patentees of lots '■i,\, si V' n, ei^tit and nine on tnc west side of th" street just iiere were toui- brotli(;<, Jos pii, Duke. Jlir-.m and Jolm K.ndriek r. ppect vely. They all hail nautical proelivi'ies and w. !'■ ali eoii» nrctnd with th.- niariii.. of the like. We now speedilv arrive.} at the com- meii..'ement of tile diflfi^'ult disc, nt into tliv C'Tat valley of the yreat west iiranc i of 'he Don. Vontje street liere made a grand de- tour to thcoasf ;uiil tailed to iiij.iii tne di- rec northeiiy course tor S( nie time. As usual wfieri vcr lonp, inclined planes were en* in tbe ateep sules of lofty clay banks, lilt! cuuuiiioii 1)1 lliu I'.i.l.iu.iy iHTealMHU. \».l after ruin mile.scribab.y bad. Alter reachuu the stream and crosiiin{j it on a rou^h tini ber bridge known ami.ntiv .sometimes as Bie Cre. k ijruige and s. m t in s as IT zon's bridpp, the track ascendeii tne further liank a' first by means of a narrow hogsback, whici conrenuntly sloped to the yalcjafti r- wards it made a sweep to thn north w.ird aloioj the brow of some broken bills and then (iiial.y turned weBW ird until tin dire(;t iiorti.erii route of the street was again touch d. rii lianks I f till" Don are here on i \rrv sidi' very bo rl, civd. d u s.tiv p'ac.'s into atiees by an intervenuij; pla can. On a » eoiiilary tl it i lum foi m.d in the m:d< ot i gias-.-j,'iovMi LdeariiiL'. to the left ihere vi ereceil :it an earlv date, the shell of a pli of worship, app r aiirm,' to the o d Sc..; • U<\\ kirk pir up here throiicli tii / ai . : .Mr. .1 iim.s l[ i'j, a memb. r of that comnin iiion and liio owner for a tiim) at leas: of ii •■ lloiir mills ill the railey near tne brui;.' ■. l''it.m mm ttis locality was popuarly known as iiofij; 8 Hollow .'.^pit.. 'b' p'Sial iiar. of ibe place, 'S'oi k .Mills. Mr. Hi gi.' was o; Se.Ttisli di'scri ; , ml a man of spirit. 1; IS.'VJ h.' sent a liiall ni;!^ to M . riurmtf, t i editor of the ('mirkr. Wlio had sp lUeii . oim in his paper in ofl'eisive term-, but, inii {."iitleman deeiin.d to lij^lit a du'd. .Mi. \\'-\i'i dn.l in IS.'W. 'I'll • ciri'iiit or tiui hills overhaiit:ii j; t! nulls II ,(,i^- v\;is a \v ivs tedious, but si \ . :,i, ■.'o(..d hit> of scenery were c.u'j,dit s yht o:. (' 1 I h." lip and aft r cscapilif; t lie eh;. I ditii- culti'S on the 1 f hand a loni;, low. wooiier. bm'dinj:; wa.s s. en with {jablr and door t.i- Wir.is III., road. Tnis was .an ear'y plac >■ w. rsliip of the Ciiurcii o! Imi aland, an ou"- p.)st of I he missi.'n a Y.'rk. 'I'ne Ion;; due i f its roof was s;i;»iitly cnived dow; wards l.v the Weight of a siiort jhimm v bin. at *• middle point f r the ac'eommo.l;>tion of ,i . iron stove within. Just biforc arriviiip r. tiii'ga'e . f the buryii'^'-ground tUiachci '.i. tins biiild:i;{^ ; iiMc w.r. n.t rest itig ^linip-- - to the h,'tt ii..wn into d.i p wo. ily ulcii-, a 1 ■ t tin m conveigini; sontbwjird on th'- D.ui, In .some of till III W( ri' little patci es of p.easitr grass land. But a.ong h-r-- for ho mo-^t part the for. st long rrmtiined undistiiibi 'i. The ehu'X'h or chapei n-f- rred to w..< oiteii .-erve.i by divmi y students s. nt oit lromt..wii and f : ei|iieiit ly no douli , its wa.ls eciioed witbpn-ntico atl- nipisai puip • or.itory. Goutlay says that tliis c apel and the Fri'-nda' Mee.ing House-, near Nesvinir- ket, Wi re theonly two places ot public w i- ship i.n Vol g • s icit in 1817 .1 niit-^ Siiichan via 'e.! bis brotiier, tn.- liisnop of Toronto in 1810 and wrote a book of hi^ trip, entitled ■" A Vsit to the Pioviine if ('pp. r C.i:;ada in 1819bv .lames Siraclian. In I Ills work he says— " My bro hi r lian by ins e.x rtions ami encourig.-meni among 'h- p ople, caused a chapel tu be bui t ahi.U' eigbi mileb from York, where In- i.tfi- at''- onci' a month, one of the young siud.n'x under Ins care reading the service and ase:* 1 : LANUMAKK-^ OK lOI ONTO. 709 jnnii dona ion in cash A silver ri" d d wliioli liad iiii'ii tltposi'fd uiidir tiic o d Itui.dinp, was iiiiw uaiif"M'cd U) a ravi'y in tiic toiiii' a •lou stone of its propoM d snc-j'sstif i iioKi on th olivii'so, " Ff.iiiL'is li II'. ]vi|., Li'iitcnaiiT •(JoTcni'ir, ISIfi." and en tin; !•• - v.-r, '■ KitiySixln of <; "vj- Third, ' To ;• VI, If ii'iw aiiiU'da coupi of otlitT in daln of silvi r , oi'.i' lioro on tin' ohvcr-c, " Joim >;in(i,an, P D.. H shop . r Toronto. Au xin- ,|. I Sms'iii, Minis IT, ]S43, " md on the ks V( r-f. ■' Sixtii of Vii'ioriii. ' Tnc otluT had i>crd) il on i' I he liaiii- ol : he arohitcc . Mr. J. «, a r>»n iikihl ■ so 'nc hid Ijcrii wMifSiscd \vi!h';i the wai'.s of the old oiiildiiij;. Koiir uiMilleiTi'. n rcceiv' il the v\u- nf coiitiimiti -n at the liand-s of the l>;si.op. ill of t cm up to a reci'nt date nin-cuis 'orinistH. ihr e oi thoin nnn-con:oi'nrs' ministers of niarU. Mi. I'owtdey, M;. Leach — who fireached ilie fuioril s- rni-ii at the huiial ol Janie> Hogg, ;iiio Mr Ritehie — the toiMili, Mr. Sinson, no- iinv.oiisly a miiii.^'er, luit now in Holy Orders of the Church of Kngl.md, and ih' nmiister ap- point li o 1 fliciat(! in liie iien- church. At ii' p'tstnt day Yoiige s: rect crospos fIuLi{ s Hollow in a dir' ct line on a raised einhaiiknient, wir.ch the anrieiit Roman loadia ilcers would iiare deemed re pect iliS', :\ Work ui-eoinpli-^hed about the yrar ISIi." beWe the aid of a'.eain powc was proeu a- hlf 111 these parts for sncii purp'.r.es. Mr. Lynn w,iB tto engineer in cliage i ere at tliiit time. The picturcs(|ne (diar.ietet oi the vail'v has been considerably interfered with. Neverthideas a winding road loads over tin; billsto the rifiht leaduns up to the church. St .I'din's hasstill som'-sylran surrouiicline^. It m.y be adiied that the destnie: ion of thi» beaiiifiil liereaboiii li.id to sonii' ex:iiit a ne -off in tlie line geological stud ea display- ed to the eye m thi' siil'S of tlie dc p euta atboihend8oflliege.it causeway. L.k' Ontario's ancient ti mr hero ifted up iugii .tiid il y in the air cxiiiljii.s siraniiri. Mip"i- >t ratnin, I i:e d' posiiH ni suco'^sive pi.iei- long ago. Tlie action of : h'- matter, hov.« eTer, hag blurre i tl.u inteiestiiig picuesof the pi^' foinierly d. splayed on the suifa^'e of the artificial escarpim nt at Ilog'^'s Hoi low. ciiAi'Ti:!: ccxii. HOGG'S HOLLOW TO BOiMDG LAK£ Old lliill|ti'i- Vtiiiue SIreel ;ti)p > . S mewh at similarly at V v Erie in tne tile wiiicii lie;;' loyed the wiiaif at the andiiig, a condemned cannon which had long In; n plauteit :n tne pier as a post wenr off, h ipi^ily strai!,'ht upwaids, witiiout doing any d image. M:. Hunib rstoiie saw active service as a lieiit nant in ; he Incorporated Militia in ISl'J. He was pnt in cli irg.- of some of tlie pi ison IS captured by Colonei Fi zgibbon at the B aver Dams, and when n %v r.i anng his di s;iiiation. Kingston wi'ii his prisoners in a laige bacliau, he. lik' the f.iinoiis drago n who caught the T..r:ar, was Iliad" a pi isoner liiins. if liy the n.oii whom lie liad in custody and was adroitly rowed over by il.ein to th- Unin tl States shore, where, b ing landed, he wasswitily locked up 111 jail ;iiid tlieiic: or.iy delivrrol wneu ))c ice wafci restored. The next memorable object also on I'et lift was .Siiepliaid's uin, a noted resting- place tor wayfarersand tliei; animals, fl Hik- ed on the north bv large driving shed.i. oti the south by si.blea and bnriis : over the porch at an early p nod was the cSlhy of a ir ■ ii J ; 11 -i s 1 IMAGE EVALU AVION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 |J0 ^^" 2.5 2.2 f US, 1 2g 1.4 11.6 Hiotogr^hic Sciences Corporation 4^>^ 23 WIST MAIN STXKT WIBSTM.N.Y. 14580 (716) •7a-4S03 '^ ft I ir;.: :Vl '■} ii no LANDMARKS OF 'lOHONTO. 2 11 gaidniit attempted in wood on the pre- .ni^es. C 'nstiuGiivene&a was one ofthepre- vcciniinaii' f culties in the fiiat landlord ot the tio}den Lion. He waa noted also for skilful • xecution on st^ve.al instruments cf music ■m ihe bassoon for one. In the rear of the iiotel, a little to the louth onafineeminunc, me put up for himsi If after th: lapse of some fean, a prirate resid* nee remarkable for the .'(iginality of its design, the outline of its aiany pr' ji'ctingicofs pr( senting a multitude of concave cuives in the Chinese pagoda *tyle. In aoveral buildings in this nei(;hbourho"d an (ffort waa at one t mc nade chiiard tore- produce what in the wtat of England are • illt'd cob walls, but eitb< r from au error in aompou:iding the material or from tke pecu- liar character of the local climate th>y iproved uosatiafacfory. The Shephards, karly pr( prietors (.f land a little further on vere a o iff rent family and) pelt their name differently. It was some membera of thia family that were momentarily concerned in the movement of 1837. Ill Willowdale, ii hamlet just beyond Sliephard's. was the ref>' ]-uce of David Gib- lon destroyed in 1837 by the Government tbreeir. In 1825, Mr. Gibson was appointed surveyor of land in the frcvince by the Lieutenant-Governor and in this profession a^ we 1 as that of a practical farmer he was prosperous. He likewise rppresentcd North York in the Provincial Parliament. When the cholera came after the luniult of 1837 he was appointed one of theSupiriiicndcuts of Coioniza. ion Roads. He died at Quebec in 1864. A road turning off at right angles 1,0 the eastward out of Willowdale, led to a cele- brated camp meeting ground on the proper- ty of Jacob Cummer, one of the early Ger- man settlers. It was a grand m.iple forest. 7lii« was the toene of the camp meetine de- scribed in the autobiography ot Peter Jones, the Indian missionary, an account of which has been givcu elsewhere. Where the dividing line occurs between Tork anb Markkam at the angle on the right was the first site of the sign of the Green Bush mn, removed af :< rwarcit to the iinmr* diate outskir:8 of York, and to the left somewhere near by was a sign that waa of interest from its peculiarity, thn Darweston (jiate, a small white fiva-barred gate hunj by Its ti pniost bar to a prijectiun trom a lof y pi'St and having painted on ita lower har*, "Durweston Gate, 'and the landlord's name. it was probably a rt production by a Dorset- «bire imm grant of a familiar cbjtet in his native villagp. Soon afterward advancing aor.hward, Fineh'a waa reached, a trreat hostelry on the right of high repi.te about 1836, and subs quantly among txcuraioit parties from town and among the halt-pay settlers of the Lake Siincoe region for the contents of its laider and the quality of i a cooking. Another place of similar renown was Crew's, six or eight miles further on. When a long alop* towards the north be- cint> soon after Finch's, a ▼illaire entitled D^indurn waa onee projected by Allan Mac- Nub afterwards the famous Sir Allan, acting at th^ time as agent for H. J. Boulton, but Dundurn never ad vai.ced beyond iiicipienc>- Tne name was afterwards familiar as that of Sir Allan's chateau close by Hamilton. A wulNtravclIed road now soon turned off to the right le:.ding to ctrtaiu a'most his- tbiic mills ill Markham, known as the Ger< man Mil s. In the &'aze< mill and a aaw mill. Th? ^riit mill haa a p i * of French burs and complete ma- chinery for mnkine and billing lup^rfine flour. There mills are iituii'cd n Lot No. 4, ID the Third Concession of Markham; with them will be given in, lots Nos. 3 and 4 in the Third C jncession at the option of the purchaser. Also 300 acres, b*ing the wei' half of Lot No 31, and the whole of lot No. 32 in the si>cond concision of M;irlcham. halt the purchase money to be piid in hand and half vacant house in York had been en tered by burglars after his departure. For their apprehension, W. Cneweit off.jrs a re« ward of twenty dollars. Mr. B Tczy never bccam'i <1isen angled from his embarrass- ments. H" died in N w York in the early part of 1813, aged 68. A Bos on newspip^i noticing his di-arl: sp aks c>f him as a disx tincuished inhabitant of Upper Canada and iiighly resptcted for his literary acquire* meiits. The German Mills we p purchased and i;ppt in operation by C»pt. Nolan of the 70th R'B ment at the tini'? on duty in Canada, liui the speculation was not a success. It is ttated that this Capt. Nolan was the father of the officer of the same name and rank, wlio fell in the o'larce of the L'ght Biipade at the very Sist outset of Balaclava. The mills onc'^ bore th ■ designation of Nolanville. The Gazette of March 19 h, 1818. contains the following curt announcement : '"Notice. Tiio German Mills and Distillery are now in operation. For the proprietors, Alexander Patterson Clark, 11th Mirth, 1818." Ten years later they are offered for sale or to lease in the U. C. Loyali.it of April 5 h, 1828, in the following advertisement :— "For sale or to be leased, all or any pnrt of the property knf>wn and d scrib d as Nolanvill • or Gjrnrvn Mil's, in .he third C'licession of th' township of Markham, coiisis'.ing of four hunnts wi^h a good dweliiuiz-liouse, b.irii, stahle, saw-mill, jjnst m II, disti lery, brew house, malt house and several other outbuildings. The abovf premises will be disposed of, either the whole or in part, by app'ication to the snb- sc'iher. William Allan, York, January 26 h, IS2S. The premises cin be viewed at any tini; by applying to Mr. John Duggan re Biding there." At this time the c uster of buildings, constituting the German Mills wns a rather impressive sight to one coming upon tbem suddenly in the midst of the woods in a deserted condition with all their windowr boarded up Associated with the German Mills is tbc memory of Charles Stewart Murray, after- wards well-known in York as connectoi with the Bank of Upper Canada. He hW bean thrown out of emp'oyment by Cipt Nolan's relinquishment of the Mills, lie was thsn patronized by Mr. Tiiorne, of Thornhill. A romantic interest attached to Mr. Mm ray from his being a personal friend of Stt Walter Scott and from his being intimately associated with him in the excursion to the Orkneys while the "Pirate'' and the "Lordof the Isles" were simmering in tne novelists brain. " N3t a bad R'-pasi" phyfuUy sairf Sir Walter after partaking one day of home- ly meat-pie at the little i.nn of on ■ Rae. Li! from Mr. Murray') talk a minute grain to be added to Sir Walter's already huge can* of ana Mr. Murray's grandfather or otherr near relative had b-en for a time secretary to Prince Charl s Kdward Stuart, the Pre- tender. A mile or two beyond where the track n the German Mills turned off Yooge strrd once more encountered a branch of the Dou flowing as mual through a wide and d/t- cult ravine. At the p lint where the s'rourt was crossed mills and factories marie ther appearance at an early date. The ascrni ot the bank towards the north wis accom- plished ill this instance in no round alu u; way. The road went straight up. Horte power and the strength of leather were heif often severely tested. 0.1 the rise abive b^gan the vi lig* dC Tnoruliili, an attractive and noticeable pi ic. from the first moment of its existence, Hereabout aevera: English families had set- tled, givinc a special tone to the ncighbonr* hood. In the very h-art of the village w.tt the horn !, unfa:li«j{ly genial and hospitable of Mr, Parsons, one ot the chief founders of the settlements, emigratine hither from •Sherbourue in Dorsetshire in 1820. Nearertk* brow cf the hill overlooking the Don. was ti*f house of Mr. Tiiorn >, Irom whom the plaoe took its name, an Eng ish gentleman, als<^ from Dorsetshire, and associated with Mc Pars 'lis in the numeronsbusiness enterprises which made Thornhill for a long period a centre of great activity and prosperiiy. B'- yond a little further northward lived the (jappers, another family initiating here tbe amenities and ways of go d old west cd Eiifiland households. Dr P^iget was like* wise an element of hnppy influence in the little wotid of this regon, a man of high fu- ture, formerly a medical practitionerof great repute in Toiqu^y, Directly opposite the house of Squire Par' 4'i 11 miift fiiw^ 71. LANDMARKS OF TOllON'lO. •0118 was the home of Williiim Huntt r. For the whole of the prcctHiinsj part c.f this ar- ticle, we arc indc'bti d to Dr. .Soailding, having qnottd liini almost word lor word and for the latter part of tlit- article we are aho iiidi b ed to liini. At this point we slia 1 insert a vaUnhl' communication from Mr. J. Siiaw, or 14S lOiicld avtiiuy, giv nc i-n at> count (f Wtilain Hunter, the eariy condi- tion o: YoK^'u siivi't, and g lu'ral remiuis tences as to the lire of tiiu pijiiters. Mr. Sli:iw snys :— I was l)oiii at Newmarket, in the Pio. riiicc or Cniadi, in the yoar 1822. My p^ironts leniov d to York in tlie fiame year. At an e.irly ii-^i' 1 re uriud to the country, rc?idii)K tli'Me uiril Irciinucd toToronto, in the year 1S71. I'lis.sejsiii)^ tlie blessinff o: a good m n'.oiy 1 puipiiM; to give you a few fki-lciies on pi neer lUV, liia. may bi; inter- 1 sting, anil ui oiil r loniaUe it m ire so, 1 tl.ave (iU"''d ari()iij,'lv fiuni ilie expcuifinn c.t William Hunter, a near Ineiid of iiiiuf, with W'lOUi I Nva> eoiive saiit duiiiijj the latiT pirt of his life, and whose relation of early liiii'S liavi' bfcn uuiei b y suiinped on my 111 iiioiy. William Hauler enr.irra'ed from E :j.;laiiil wi:ii liis wife and family, consist- ing of oiii- sou and six daiigiiiirti, in the ye,irl7'J2, and settled lor a iiiiie at Abany. A year later, his son 'J'lionias reiiuned to Loudon, his uncle, Jchii Hunter, haviiii; 3i nt lor h.m, he biMii;,' a iiurehaiit doii:jj ■ usiness at No. 14 St. Paul's Ciiuchyaru. Hiiutrr wa.»a black-iui::., and well-- kill'd iii til • trta 111 lit oi liorscj. Som ■ l:in,- after, a situation opened out for h ni n th; town of York as ineie wcie Lir.isli troops sta tiouediheri. and a troop of li'U'se. ii was «'nt tor by tt (Vi-rnor 8;m(;. i-, who appointed him ill ehali^e as a veeiina: y SUlgeoil to the hors-s 1)1 ioii.L'iiii; to tlic (I imisou, and to ilo the GuveriiiiKiit blackMiitii woik. ]£< i,',ive him a giant of twdlitiiuhcd aeri's of lii.d foi- iiimseil and.hesaii:e lo eacii of Ins childr n, but from the w.liiapp ,i aiice of ilie cruutiy. lie p ae> d hut liitlevaue n the land, and const queiitly sieured biu twohundiei acie.s situated III tlie Towusiupot Vi,ui,'Ikiii, front- ing on Yoiigi^ street, iWiive miles from York. II ■ arriv d ,it York 1111703. l';-ui)i : h • pri'Stiil ciiandpoiiil, n would be veiy ditfieuU tor a stranger on entering our beau'.i:ul c.ty, to form a just conccp ion of the apptarance o York at that pi ruul. un- less he were abie to take into the scip ■ oi his imagination tlie vas^ amount of improve- Jiients ffoing on from time ;o tiine in tilling up and levelling, aloig with the draiiingr, and the toil brought in to till up the ironi- ago from the grasp of iho mariii. now ealleil the Esplan;.d'. YorU at that lim- was a tciuU haniK't, miminrii.g about four hundred inhabitants, in close proximity to and west of the Don. The dwellnig.s were principUiy constructed of logs, tlie jjinings p!as:(red with coars • moitar. The lire places were usually broail, built up v^ith stone at tiie base, 10 the Jieight of six feet, the balance fre- quently wit i sniail biieiis with a gradual siope to the centre, ami thickly coa'eu \siui plash r inside. Its unuual iiiureisc. in popu- lation li. rough immigration wa."* Vi ry suial,, I. had more uiu coiOuring of a military aia- tion in tho eyes of its iuh..bitauts, than the future home of thousands of int. lli^ent beings. It was surrounded by ihousaiuU of the wild deiiizeiKS of the forest, who Were looking with j.alousy on the encroachinuiu of I he white mm on 'heir huiitii g giouii.!<. Its location hail a low, sw..mi>y npi.eir- aiice, and tiie>vaut of dr..inage, along \vi;!i the dead and motioulcbs water."« of the i).,n, caused the prevalence of di.-;easc. Anion' th ■ most prevalent wa.'i the fever aim .i,:,'iie, a ling.ring malady, tlioi; .-n not in inuiy case^ fa;al, yet it dt pressed energy, aiul ly its f Kjuent attacks, it sekiotii tail.d in breaking tne eonstiiutions of its victims. Its .--uiriaun'ings were lonely in tlie cxtri nie to the newly-arrived (iii'giaiit. burvounaed as it was by dense fore.-ji. , that the wiiu beasts c.aiiiiid as their domain. One of the set'ler.s' iiigir. er.terta nnieiits was the crocking of the thou.'-aiuls of trogs that in- fisttd the locally. That was leinud tiio '' Canailian Ji Hid," and it, togt^thir with the scr.i clung o ;l'.e<\vland 'he lynx, a:d the howling of wolves, and other uiscordaiit notes, iihuie It inything bur p.casant win ii peaceful s.i!ml>er was soui;lu. Among the trials the s. ttlers had to contend with .iiul ijot the least, w;is the attack of tiie mos- quito, though small in stature, owing to the conn: less iiUinbLrs tiiai sv.aimed in > verx" di- rection, ai.d ihi ir tlii:st lor blood, a^.d tlnir long bills, so we!'.-ail p'ed to enter tli pons of th(^ skin, and ilnir consttmt. attaciis on man, woman and child, tap ciaily at nigiit, ;t became lacessary to make bonfires m iron' of the dwellings to create smoke to pr Vint their entrance. Yonge street at that time conipiised what w IS Called a bush road going zi(.'Z.g to es- cape the fores tri cs, and othei impi tlnnLnt.i on the line of an Indian trail. Dot' li iitie and there m gli' be seen tlio h cation of a hardy pioneer, whose axe liiul mule :i .-mall (ip'Miing in the forest, and the snuke of whose log cabin, covered with bark, might be seen wiiiuii g it.s w;iy tliroui.'h the branches of the surrouniling trees. ThM was aninter('8:in2 road — ph n, iful were deer, bears, woive.s, lynx ar.d other gamf, but if b nicli'ed in the forest, the travi Her would find but, poor protection fr. m his gun. life, and LANDMAHKS OF TOUON'KJ. "13 tgkinat the attacks of tlie ravenous wolvt-s ihat inlestcil the l^icality. S loii after the war of 181-, William ll'iu- ter moved from Vurk to his taim ai Thoiti- liil . I iivinir bui.t liis huusc and shop dirtct- iv I ppo>itu to the rcisitlciH'o of ilie late Sqii.K' i'.irsons, laf.eriy a partner in thi firm oi Tliornoc& Pasons, wlieie hi; carried on ti.c bliiLkf.nutli liusinf-as for a r.umi)pr of years. Iiu.j:i' : avi! inMinoiii'd llie Idisuii s-i of the tirin of Tiionif& I'.ii » ns, h cause ilu'y wen- vi-ry 1 xtcii-;.vr noalera in 11 .ur ;i,.d mi"c:'aii- lit^", running two or inne fl^ur nuliB, and t:.i l:uj;esL tannery in Aiiic-rici, expiirtiiij: fl ur \\ry "Xtenr^vely to Ivicl iml. Ow i.;; 19 ii many danj^ers tliria .liini; the.'^parst - .y SLMttercd sett.ers throii|.'ii iiii.- fores;, by tiu: Iiidiati-', it vas ncceshary to kerp on JO ci terms with tliose wlio waclied closely iiR' iiiDvem' nts of til.' s tthrs, am! miulit a uny moment iir ak out with treacherous ili - ■ij;as. Hunter w;',s noi slow in realizing ;1jl- s.luanon. and < nibrac' il i ve y cppor u- 11. ly, ny j^o 1(1 I'liioes and kii.dn k-;, tosecuro tiiea' fiiei d-.iin. In this he suec 'ed d in a iTiii .: i;aljic dij.Mve. in carryii\!» ou liis pp. ley ho liad losubmic to much iinpli asant- iie-s, owii'Ej to the bold and uneuhiy.ited stale of th" Indians wiio m:\dc ii convenient tovi.sit lumviiy often on tlieir rainblcsi, :an\ illeu at night, when forhis own eouve- liii'i ce, he would leave the ki cheu door un- bolted w.ieii reining, the Imiian.s would (juietly enter and lie diw!! until morning, wi'.en, on rising, he wi uhi j.'ive them some- tuii:!,' to ea', ami they \V('Uid g.'> on Uii'ir (vay rejjicng, and of .en sited tears ot gi at.- tu .e as they --^aid go. d-bye to F.i'. iier lluh~ ter. On varuais urc.i'^ions they ekhibi ed fea's 01 skill in th ir wild ya-nes and ixei- tioiis, 111 Widen iluy were lainous. At a cer- lani sea.son ot the year, they made tii ;r •■luainpiMeiii near ;his place for the purpo.se of iiiintiiii; for iuis, and game, along tlie bunks of t lie creei; that flowec; through and e:usse.i Vonge select at tiiis point, whici-, wus a larg ■ body of water, a' that t me the mam inljurary of the Don, but owing to ihe removal of the forest and Oiher caus.-s, t|io a'.ieaiii h:is bccii greatly reduc^'d. TiH' first iuniheiiiig trade 111 '.lie provincj was com- nieiKed (11 tills bireain. Thy setllenient of ihose unbroken forests was very slow, as none but the most, oou- nigi'ous and persevering would stand any ciiaiioe tf t-uocss. After all tlia' is said ot the tiia'.s the pioneer farmer undergoes, whicli are very great, they were ih' li.ip- piest commumty in the couutiy. Friend- ship Willi I hcinwas a necessity. They made :i their platform. Th^y aid nold of it, and practie.illy it grew up with them throiigh life, and ;ii tnosc oases where necessity \va.i lio only propeding power in society, by constant exercise it soon becnni'' a virtue, ami was transmilti d thrcjiudi Ih(ir coming C'lieratioiis. No oiie larmcr could si and aloof, and say to his negiibour fanner " I will not v.aiu thy as'Siatance at any ti.ne. " F.c illustration, I wib give you a skrtch of the first procciis (if cleaitng land. The sam ■ neC' ssity crops up in oihe ■ d< p irt- ments of farming. .Stni: h gm 8 on hi- >-ild Iju^li farm 11' comni nces iiiuh^rli usliing, tin 11 eh- pping down till! trei s, and eu ling thrill up into i)i(jp' r lenirtiis, trimming and P luig ill.; busli, until he accoinj) isiKS in this way as maiiv acres as iic d( s res. He lets the mill) r lie for drying purpose.i until the ptop r I iiiii' arrives lor loi.'ging;ii d Inirn- iiii;. The thoiigtit nviroecuis i.ome ''How will I I'et all tiiis done?'' but when ihc prci))er time arrivi s lie go- s and invites his i'..i;;nbours lo ids loiigmg bee on s-iicli a day. They all arrivr on linie ;ind bting \\itlithem iw ) or more yoke ot (X n, v/iili a strong ciiaiii attach a to each yoktt. 'I'liey are all pr.icical men , tlry divide the ehoppir.g, div.de tile men into twog.ing-, choose ;i fore- man lor each, and commence busiinf,-. It •«■ ([iiiies about f ur men to oin; yoke oI oxen. l"he end or the chain is aCiaciied t" the end oi one or more hgs at a lime, and drawn by the; oxen whe/e ill ■ pile is t j be term d, and I acii log roUeii by the m n up, forming a hiiije pile, s iiij sixoriign: leer high. So onw.ird they go, clearing ihc gri-iund of logs, iinlil a.l is in piles, ready tor burning, and then they ail have a jolly tiiU! at ]iro. Smith a at nigtit. riaio tiny C(jiitiiiu.: ;0 as-ist each o Inr, alleina ely Iniilding up a llfedollg fi!end=hip lliat blit few clijv.y in r.ny other slatii n in life. ll was ntitural or the hard-wiciiiuht s t- ilers o have eiitertirnm. ii" oceisi. na ly of one kind or aiiotiur, as a ciuini.'' iiom tho loii' liness of these surrouiidin;,'j, so at a rie ■ ingir, was dcti.'rmined to have a holi- d.iy fo. games aua oiher Miiu.seirient.'-, with an Indian wardanceat i'.igiit,and Mr. Hun- ter was ri qii -s ed to invite tin- c'li- t of ihe triiie to biuiK down froiii the O.ik lliilgos, a compiiny of his bravi s on the luLdit in ques- tion. Hunier ac-'ordintrly .seir a messenger to iniortn nim, and iiie invitation was ac- ceptiii, to take place on the iol owing week. When the day arnvi d. eve: ything went, off satisfactorily, l)Ut the interest was concen- trated on the nighi p^'rformance. Tiie In- dians were ih-re on iinie, a larg; toopof them, about one hundred warriors, heuaed by iheir chief, ciotiied in their w.ncjstunie, wi h painted facei--, a'liied with knives, and toiiiahitwk-, lie savag s loiiii nc ; liemsi Ives around a hugj b nfire. Tne scenes enacted lU that meiu-irtibli; uigiitbeggirdesci iption. -j^^ 714 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO It partook of the character of a sham fight, with all the heiinusneBa of Indian warfare, waving thtir hatuhets, and striking at each other, bat with luch exact skill as not to injure each other in the slightest degree, also imitating the process of scalping with tlieir knives. Ttieir faces being striped with the jrice of the Indian berry, from the light of the fire, had the appearance of streaining blood. Tneir wild cjacvlatioua and ut:er- ings, as they danced to and fro aronnd the fire, the shiill echo ot the war-whoop re- sounding through the forest trees, added fearfully to tlie horrors of the scene. A' the olose the Indians were supplied with provisions, and enc imped at the fire until the break of day, wlien they retired quietly to their woodland retreat. As time advanc d the number of the set- tlers increased. Tne dread of the Indians gradua ly subsided, as cxperier.c ; ptov d that the Indian, thouf^h a dang srousenemy, by kind and cenerons treatment would con- tinue a trusty fri> nd of the white man. To resume Dr. Saaddmg's narrative — An- other man of mark associated with Tiiorn- hill in Its palmy days, was the R'3V. Geo. Mortimer, for a series of years the pastor of the Eiig!ish c inpr>'gation there. An earlier incumbent of the Kig isli church at Thornhill, was the R^v, I^aac Fidler. Ths fient cman r<'ndored famous tlie scine of uis Canadian m'nisiry, as well as his enp'!ri- cncos in the United States, by a book, whicii in Its day was a good deal read. It was entitled " Observations on Professions, Lit- erature, Manners and Emigration in the United StaesandCinada." Mr. FiJIerwas a remarkable prson, of a tall, Wes more- land mould, resembling thecominoiipicturis of Wordsworth. He was somewliac pacu- liar in his dress, weiring always an ex- tremely high sliirt collar, very conspicuous round the wliole (>f his n(ck, forming a kind of spreading whit.' socket, in winch rested and revolved a head, bald, egg-sh.iped and epectacli.'d. B 'sides i)eing scholarly in the modern sense, Mr. F.d er possessed liie more uncommon .(ccomplishmeiit of a familiarity with the Oriental Inncjuages. In his book, he gives the narrative of the overturn of a family party on their way hom>3 from church. The charioteer was the intended youthful bridegroom of one of the yoniif ladies of the party. The horses be- came less manageable every moment, bu*: mirth and joculaiity prevail d among the party, wholly inapprehensive of danger. The carr.age was overturned and the ladies and gentleman trundled out ofitlike rolling pins. Nubody was iiurt in the least for the mud wa^ .«osott that they were embeddedin iu D.'. Soadding tells of his experience when i.fiijiating one bright summer morn in the Thornhill church. ' A farmer's horse, that had been rooming leisurely about nn adjoining field, suddenly took a fancy to the ohady interior disclosed by the wide-op n doors of the sacr d building. Before the rhurch wardens or any one else could make- out what the clatter meant, the creature was well up th>- ucntral passage of the nav«. Then hecoiiiingalfriglited, itsejjction was an awkward affair catling for tac; and mall(eu^ vring." Tbe English church at Thornhill has had another incumbent, not undistinguished in literature, the Rev. E. H. Dewar, autho • of a work publislied at Oxfo' d, in 1844, on th3 theology of Modern Germauy. I>, is in the form of letters to a friend, and is enti- tled •• 0;rmui Protestantism and the Right of Private Judgment in the Interpretation of Holy S'jrip u'.e." The author's former position as ciiaplain to the British residents at Hamburg, gave him facilities for b. com- ing acqaiintcd with tiie state of German theology. Mr. D war died at Thornhill, «n 1862. Theincumb nf, who precrded .Mr. D'war, was the Rsv. Dominic E, Bl.ike, brother of Mr. Cnancelior Blake, a clergy. mm, also ot superior talents. Previous to iiis emigration to Canada in 1832. hi^ lia. 60, of the Line," and accompanied the Aistrian con- tingent of 40,000 m^n furnished to Napo- leon by tiie Emperor of Austria. He wus afterward, when the Austrian Emperor br.ike away from Niipileon, taken prisoner with fire regiments ot the line, and sent to Dresden and Mnyenoe. He was at t!ie lat< ter place, when the battl'^ of Leipsic was louglitOjt, 16. 17. 18, 19, 1813 H-; now left Miy nee without 1 ave, the plague breaking out then, and got to Oppenheim, wlicn a G rman Presbyter, nimed Muller, concealed him till the depnrture of the French out of the town. After several ad- ventures, ha found his way back tu the quirtets of liis recirn''nt. now acruig in the anti-French interes at Muinheim, where he duly reported him?elf and was well received. After the war, from the year 1816, \u' hart for three years th(! p;is oral charge of Kling- enminster, in the di cse of Strasburg. He (lied at Whitby in 1859. A memoir o' Mr. Meyerhofif^-r has bucn printed, and it bears tin following tile, "Twelve Years a Roman Catholic Priest, or ihf Au'nbiography of the R;v. V. P. Meyerhoflfer. M. A., late Mili- tary Chap'ain to the Austrian Army, and Grand Chap'ain of the Orders of Free Masons and angemen of Cmada, B.N A., containing an account of his career as Mili- lary Chaplain. Monk of the Order of S . Francia,and Ciereymin of the Church of England, in Vaughan, M.arkhim and Whitby, C.W.' He had a musical voice which had been properly cultivated. This, he used to say, was a source of revenue to him in the early part of his public career, those clergy being in request and receiving a higher remunera- tion, who IK ere able to sing the service in a superior manner. His features were strong- ly marked and peculiar, p^rhapi Mongolian in typ9. Tiiey were not German, English or Italian. Were the concavity of tiie nose and the protection of the mouth a little mo->.- p-onounced in Elias Howe, th ' medallions of that p'rsona^e would sive a general idea of M . M -yerhofrerVp ofiic and head, In his vountrer Hays, he had acquired som> medical knowledge which >t>id him in good s'tai for a time at Philadu phia, when he and Hubir first renounced t.'io Latin dogmas. His taste for the healing art was slightly indulged, even after the removal to Canada, as will be seen from an adver:i-e» tnent, which appeared in theCuU'ier of F^-b. 29:h, 18.32. It is headed thus : •' The use and direction of the new invent d and never - failing Wonder S ilve by D. V. P. Mever- hoffer. of Markham, U. C, H. D , 6 h con- cession." The advertisement then goes on to say that the salve is good to' burns, old wounds, teller worms, and so forth. Testi- fying to its worth are th« following; "In Markham, Mr. Philip Eckhardt, jun. ; do. do. sen. ; Gotlitb Eckhardt, Abraham Eck- hardt, John Pmgel, jun. ; Mr. Ling, Mr. Larga, Jjlin Perkins. John Schali, Ciiaries P terson, Luke Stantenkough, P<"ter March. In Vaughan, Jacob Fritcher, Dinitl Stang. R command d by Dr. Baldwin of York. Tne medic no is to be had in the E vhta cone ssion ot Markham, called Rmr^town, by Sinclair Ho den, in tho fifth concession by Cliristopher Hevelm and T. Amos, jn the town of York in J. HaMwin's ami S. Birn- liam's stores on Yoiige strict by Parsons and Tnorue. Price cf a box, two tni lings and six,) nee curr.-ncy. " Military associations bung about the land to the right and left of Richmond ILU. Ihe orig nal possessor ot L')t No, 22, on the west side, was Capain D.niel Cjz ns, a g ntle> man who took a very active part in opposi- tion to the revolutionary movement, which resulted in the independence of the United States. Hj raised at his own exp use a company of native soldiers in the R yalist interest and suffered ^\l". confiscation of a considerable estate in Ni'w J rsey. Three tiicusand acr> s in Upp.T Canada were sub- sequently granted him by th ■ British Crown. His sons, Daniel and Shivers, also received grans. Samuel die I ot a fie .it York, in 1808, but Slivers returned to New Jersy and ui'.'d there, wtiere family onnexlons of Captain C z^ns, still survive. Tiiere luna amongst them a tradition, that Captain Cozins built the first house in our Canadian York. We observe in an early pan of York, the name of Shivers Cozens, on No. 23, in Block E, on the Kouth side of King street, the n.im' of B.nj imin Cot mis, on No. 5, on Market Square, and the name ot Captain Daniel Cozens, on No. 4, King street (new town, north side, with the date of the grant, Ju y 20 h, 1799. It is thus quite likely •M«(< 716 LANnMARKs OF TOHONTif) tliat Cap ain Cozens, or a iii'inbcr of liis t'uiiiiiy, put lip buildiiics in Y^-k at a very Oil ly p liod. \Vr read in iiu! Ni.iff^ini IIt «/(/, ot October 31, 1801, till' ti liownig : " l>i'j(l on th. li lilt., near 1'Iii1jp n- (•(!■ ■, ae! ll.Jj' lli'der :iUl ll'MT V ol I he ■■ 11 1 .111 o." A-;-oi'! ; ' il Loyal 8t8 (I N w Vo, k. ' • .s •• cuud by h.ii:i,Mig Giiptaiii J ^1 II I llii'iuy, of tile R-vniuMoiiny .iriiij'. as an net of r' ■ taii.ition, C.ipiiiii Hii'Uly hiivie;,' siunni.-ui y tri-at'd in tlic s:uii- waj-, a reh.ViVe of C.ip- ta ii L'ppincoli'.-, I'iiii p White, whn was Miipr s' il witliiii :iieliiR'.'3 oI ihe Kev-)luioii ary force, whih; on a stole'' visK cihi- mother on Chri.stnia.s D.iy. On Huiuiy's brorist was fastened a ));p(M\ beaiiii;,' ti.t- Hfo "Is : '"Up .i{ jes Huildy lor Pl;ilip Wnitci. " When the Mil T nder ol Capt. Lppinoott wasreusid by ihe 11 jyalist auuurities, W:i.shiiii,'toii ordered ihu ■ xecirion oi au or fiuor ofc final rank, to 1) .selected by lor, cm ot liie pi i-oiKus 'i hi.-' haiida. Tiie lot fell oil CiTt. Ciiarle.s Aspiil, ol liie Guani.s. a;;ed only nineteen. 11 ■ w.is re«));iei.l, however, uiiti the i«.-ii •• • f ,1 cut mar lal, p oniised to tie held oil C.ipt L ppilicott. Sill u.d be known. The c( uft acij iitKjd, and Cijitaiii AsgiU only narrowly . s'jap il the fiite of Audre, liiront,'! priinp iiitervciition on tlv pu't of ihi' Fieiicli Government. Tiiu French .Miiii-ler of Sta'e, the Count du Ver jjeMies, to wiioni iiere liail been time for Lidy AM.'dl. til" Capt liii's mother, to ap^ peal, received diieelioiis to ask his release in tlie conjoint naine.s of the Kiii.tT Mid Queen, as " a tr.i lit ■ to iiuin.ii'.ity. " Wa,--iiiiigtoii • houfjht pr. ji r to ;u'c lie to this r, q ost, but it w:i.-i I ot until the foUowint: year, when the li vo utiunaiy stru,i,':;le eiuied, that A-eill and L.pp nco^t were .set at liberty. Tiie former li-ed to succi;ed to hia father's biroiietey aiid to b' coniu a (ieiiiral i llicer, Colonel O'llaia. of Toronto, rniiemiKMed iliiiiiigai a labh", wiieii a (ieiu.tal Sir Ch.irlcs A.sg,l; was pointed ou' lo ii.nias havmij b 'en duiittg the American R voluttonary War, utulor sentPiioe of death, condemned by General Washington o be hamred in the place ef alio 111 r person. Ci^aiii Lippincott rcceiv<^d fio'n the Ciorvn, three thouatmd ac es ia Upper Canada. H«! survived until the year 1826 when aged 81, and after eiij yii g ha f-paj for a period ot forty-tlirt'o yeais, he expind at the iioii-e of his son-indaw, in York. Coloii' I (■ or.^e Tay or Deiiison, who fjive v. I ihowM eldest fioti, Richard L ppircuti I> m. son, Ciptaiii L'ppinuott's name. A f-w mil'S tiir'ber on. name y, in North ami lv.,t (iw illimbiiry, (ieii jrnl Benedict Arnold known anioi'L' United St.ites citizins us "the tr.iitiir," received a grant of live tiiousiud acre.s. A s'lort distance beyond Riclimomi Mill. j Was the abode of Colone! Mo^ die on ti;i j rigiit, (iistinmiished by a tli;,' s'alT pi i.'ont I .'f It, after I lie eu-i om in LoW' r Clinad;!, when an < Hi •'.•: s iioiise vi.sed to be known in I tl is way. Cnloinl M lodie's titecaine iioiji '. us raiiK 111 the regular army. H" had neen I L eitt.-C lionel of tiie 104th R j,' ment .imi I IkuI served in the I'eiiinsul.ir war .iiid in th ■ j R 'vn'utionaiy war. He wa.s .'■iio' in IS.'JT, I while at teinptint,' to rid past Montcoine va hotel, legardless of tiic inauigeiit oiuiUi iig' to stop. At a certain p riod in the history o: Yoiitje street, a.-, indeed, of all the |. Milium iioroiigiifareB ot Upper Caiiida about iSliU .■;:>, a ire:, lawns, sinMeiing pi intatioiiH, wi. dun.; drives, wi ll-c.'t:is riici- ed entrance ya'es, anU so on, iiidicitiiiL' an npp eciatioii of tie c'efjant and ct.inforidile. A little way beyoml Rici.mond Hiil on ilic If . were two i.Msiances or tilts : criry, Kne- lisli looking re-;d iices, no far apar , wi;h a c:uster or appu't' nances round i;ici). iliu lioin s of Luritt Smith and Fr.iiieia l>oyil, betii of wiioiii liiil .'cttled with their "im;- lies la 18.')(i ^Ir. Smith had been piuv oi;s- ly 111 C.inad i to a military ci.picity, litinnq the war of 1812 l.'i, and tor iiiiny years >uii- SI Mileirly, he h.ul ben Chief Coiniu:;;>:i:y, (f the Field Tram iJep irtinenr, and I'iiy- master of the Ar ill, ry. H • died at S lUtii- amptoii in IStiO. Mr. 1'. ivd. who einigiated hull' r from the county if Kent, was oii" of the fiist in these parts to import from Fii;:- land, improved breeds ol cittle. In hi.s liou>e 'vas to b- seen a collection of re.il y fine paintincr*, .•imongst them a Holti ■ ii. a Teiiier-', a Domnicliino, a Smirke, a Widii'- and two Hoiac' Vernets. The lainili' s or Mr. Boyd and Ml-. Siniih were rela'ed by maniage. M . Boyd died in Toronto iu 1861. it was in this house that Kinnear was murdered in 1m4;{ Bond's Lake, neiir by, was named from W. lond, a gardener near Vork, ill 1800. ■/'H LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 717 CHAPTP]R CCXIII. THE ROYAL CANADIANS- ■mpplrmi-nliiry llptnlls— Tlie4tunlllicullon» Kri|iiire(l by 4'aatlldale* tor t'oiiiiuLt- , OlIlK' ! IK re are things leii likely to liuppmi | than thid, that ai some future period the t'aiwiiii'ii Dominion mny rnise, as Upjier and l.owif I imada (lid in IHjlS, a regimi.iit for ijii'imI stTVice ill the Hriiish ilominiona. ' 1' ri.iy ihtirefore p ove not uniniercstin!,' ' ;j ii,,i;iv 10 tiers if tiiey leai'u what whm lo- liiirf'i from the geiitleiiifii who in iSoS j,iu''iit to obtain comni's.-.i(>ns higher tiiau ; ,;,,t(i{ t'Dsign in the JOUth il'.'jjiini'ut. i .iiu following is an exltact fioni the ! r.iuvtj department at O'.lawa, ot iliepi-o-| (.^.„;iiii^3, in one case, which is a fair sampio ■ oiail, (if 'I'o lioard of Kx;iminers : — j I'l, CI eiUiigi of a board of (JIlicciH, as- ' se;i;;,.i,l liv <):dcr of iiis iixculKni'y Lieut. ' (,t, i: li ."'ir William ICyre, K. C. 15 , com- na;; ^ii'g the troops in iJriiish North Amer- , ;,a,iiir iho purpose of e.\an:il;i:l^' fur com- '_ 1 issi'ins in hor Majusly's 100; h or I'rinco of j WiU's' Royal (Ja-iadian Rei;im'i:ii. ; Montreal, Oili May, 1H.")8. I'resiilont — Col. Orde, cominari.iin;^ Royal I FuL'ineers. I MoiiibiT.s— Capl. Galhvuy, o. Royal Kn- | jiiKCPd ; lifv. L. J. Rogers, Assi-stant i Uaolain to I lie r'orcf.s. i Mf. I'liuwiv Wallis appiared huforo the ; Hoard as a oandidatu for a Ih utunaut's com ; niiisioii in iho lOltth llo:;inient. I Mr. llruwii Wallis is actiuL,' adjutant of ' tiic lUuhain Lit,'!it Cavalry, and also lixlil.i a coDiiiiisdon as captain in the sodcntaiy miiiti.i. .lie i'.nard, having put a ftw tteneral ; luc lions to -Mr. Brown Wallis, is of opin- ; ion taut ill' is well (lualiKtd for lieutenancy inlur M.ijcsty's army, and beg to reconi- meiiii liim for such. i i:ji2ticdj \V. R. Ordk, Colonel, Commanding Royal Engii eers. " J. L. CiAi.i.WKV, Captain, c. Royal Engineers. " E. .1. i;<"ii;Rs, Asst. Chaplain to the Forces. Approved. \Vm. Eyri., Lii'ut, tJen'l, Commanding the Forces in H N. America. Heail(|UHrteis : .Moil roal, 6th May, 1858. This Mr. Urown Walli-s was for some short timo acting adjutant of a detachment of tije rcL'imeiit under coniinand of Major Dunn, V'.C. He retired from the army in 18t)3 and now resides in Ottawa, He is (iiic (if the very few survivors of the original ciiici rs of the regiment. CFIAPIER CCXIV. TORONTO HIGHLANDERS. The OrlslDiil lllKhinnd Killn rompany Its Orlulu and lU OIHrcr*. Nearly thirty eight year.s go, in tlio Bpriiig or early summer of 1H5G, several of tlie tiion re.sidents in Toronto \s ho were of Scoliisli l.irtli or exlrai;iioii decide:! to en- rol tliLMiiselvus (ctiuld they g<'t permis.sion aiul prociira otlicerw), as ritle volunteers, and form a cotiipany to be known as the liii^hhaul Company, who wer ■ to have the same uiiiforiii as the Scotuli rcgiinentrf of the I'lili.ih ar-iiy. This idea was eventually carried out, thougli tlitir tiuiies were gieoii, instead of roil, aa liiDse of the -ISth are to day (IS'J.'!). There was somo little diiliciilty at lirst in ol^t.iiuiiiL,' ollicer.-i, not from lacu of niateiial IjuL because so many of those who were willing to accept commi3:iionB had had no previous militarv tiaiidnc. l.veiitually till.' coniinand was oU'ered to Mr. Ale.Naiider .Morliiiier .Sniiili, wlio.luippi. ly, still survives, and whe i lie had accepted it everyone wondered wliy ho had not been a.sked in the lirst place. Captain Smith was a born solditr, and to this day takes liie keenest interest in military matters He joined the IKSrd Ifighlandera in l.SIll), when he was a men; youth, came to this country in KS.'iH. and :-.ervid tiiroughout the Canadian rebellion. In iS-iO. listening to the advice of tjis friiMuls in Scotland, he purchased his disehitrue and entered upon coinmen-ial iiui'suit.s, but ids heart was al- ways with tiio army, and he ghnlly under- took the coiiiniaiid when it was otl'cred to him. When the 100th Re_L,'iment was raised, so hi(;hly did Colonel de Roituiibari., who wai the A ti. of Militia in L'|ipjr Ca(-«da, appre- ciate Capt. .'^mitli that ho wished liiiii to be ; ppointeii to a captai .cy in that regiment, 1 lit circuinst noes w„ro otherwise not pro- pitious, and Captain Smith remained in To- ronto. The other otlicers wore Alexander T. Ful- ton, who was lieutenant, and John dardi- ner, formerly of the 71st Regiment, was en- sign. The men of the company were remarkable for their fine appearance, for the readiness with which they acipiired their drill and for their steadiness on parade. Eventually the compmy was merged in the t^)ueeii's Own Rilles alter an indepemient career of about eight years. There are few bygone things that were more creditable to Toronto than was the Highland Com- pany. t #:4|: WW^PTffW n.w j jAu ri 718 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO CUAPTUR CCXV. THE OLD PRINOH FORT. One or the Burly Tradlac P«iU-Br«eie< Abcnt IT4»M-KB*wii at F*rl K«allle-A Very Fall DeacriptUn. The venerable Dr. Soadiling prepared Mine years ago a a'.; etch and comi>ilation from TariouB auurcea of tlie hiatory of the old French trading post knowu as Fort Rouille, which WAS located at the south- west corner of the present Industrial F.xhiUtioniirounds, just where DuiTerin street runs into the lake. The account is interesting;, contain- hii; as it dofs references to Toronto and its site by tlie early historians. Dr. 8cadding has made the sketch as accurate as possible by consulting every availatile authority. REASUN OF THE OM> KKENCil FORTS EX- ISTENCE. The domain of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Indians, which cxte uled along the whole of the south side of Lake Ontario, was, for a tinio, rcuarded, in theory at least, as neutral ground by the French of New France and the Kngli.sh cf New England, liiit both French and Knglish soon sliewed a duHire tu obtain a good foothold there, fit si for the purpose of trade, and secondly with a view, it cannot be doubted, to ulii- mate possession by treaty or otherwise. liy perniisiiion of the nci^^hbouring abo- rigines, La Nalle, in 1G79, erected a small stockade at tiie mouth of the NiaL'ara Tlivcr, to be simply a temporary receptacle for pel- trios brought down fiom Michilimackinac and Detroit, by way of Lake Erie, and a store-house for goods to be offered in ex- change for the same ; which stockade, by 17*25, had become the strong, solid fortress which, with some enlargements, we see to- day in good condition, commanding the com- munication between the lakes Ontario and Erie. Had Fort Toronto been longer-lived than it was, it would have become, without doubt, in a short time an armed military es- tablishment, like the other posts. Following the French example. Governor Burnett, of the province of New Vork, after obtainin|T a nominal permission from the Iroquois, Astablishcd, in 1722, a pinall store- house or trading post on the west side of the entrance to the River Oswego, a stream by which a communication could be convenient- ly maintained between th« waters of Lake Ontario and those of the Mohawk river, the Hudson and the sea. Its ostensible pur- pose was, at th^ outset, the same as that of La Salle's enclosure at the mouth of the Niagara ; but xa 1728, Governor Burnett took care, again after the French example, that the simple stockade should be trans- formed into a regular fortress of stone, uieni orable as being the Krst military work on Lake Ontario whence waved the flag ol England. The effect of the English trading-post tt the entrance of the Oswego river was sooc felt by the French trathckers in furs at Furti Niagara and Frontenac ; and it became maui fostly important that something should U done to neutralize, as far as possible, this un welcome interference with the usual current of trade. THE OM> FRENCH FORT FOUNDED. In an official Journal or Report on Cans dian affairs transmitted to France in 1749 by the Governor-Ueneral of the day, the Count de la Ualissoniere, the (iovernment of Louis XV was informed that direct ona had been given for the building of a stockadi or store-house at Toronto — so the "pau here between the lakes Ontario and Huroi. was at this time styled. " On being in- formed," the Report says, " that the northern Indians ordinarily went to C'houe- gueu with their peltries by way of Toronto, oil the north-west side of Luke Ontario, twenty-five leagues from Niagara and sevin ty-five from Fort Frontenac, it vf».) thought advisable to establish a post at tliai place, and to send thitlior an otiicsr, 15 sol dicrs and some workmen, to construct a small stockade fort there." (Sec I'aris Documents, Colonial History, Slate of New York, vol. X., p. 201. Albany, lS.-)8, 4to). The tuime of Ihe officer sent on this service was Port, ncuf. Tl:o authoritiee at Versailles were always cautioning the governors of Canada a^jmnst expense. Gali soniere therefore think.s i: prudent to observe : " Tiie expense will not be great : the timber is transpoiieJ there, and the remaining requisites will be conveyed by the barques belonging to Fort Frontenac." He then shews how the new post msy be sustained and how its maui oii ject can be secured. " Too much care, "he says, " c nnot be taken to prevent those Indians (from the north) continuin;; tliui: trade with the English ; and to furnish them at this post with all their necessaries, even as cheap as at Choueguen, Messrs. de la Jonquiere and Bigot," it is added, " will permit some canoes to go there on license, and will apply the funds as a gratuity to the officer in command there" Moreover, it is said, directions must be given to legu late the prices at the other posts. " It will be necessary to ord«>r the commandants at Detroit, Niagara and 1 ort Frontenac, to U careful that the traders and storekeepers of those posts furnish goods for two or three years to come, at the same rate as the English ; by this means the Indians will LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 719 Jita< custom thfinselvci from »{"■">{ ^o CnoiK'ijiieOi nnd tho KngliMh will be uhligoil wego, with an initial ayllablo urnppcd and a final n retained. The .M. de i* Jou, might " have lome one to apeak to." No action, however, wu taken on the augseation) As to the form and aize uf the fort at Toronto erected in 1749, we obtain very precipe inforri. ition in the "Memoir upon •.h« late NVar in North America, in 17.'<9 60," by t'apt i'ouchot, the last French com- mandant at Fort Niagara. " The Fort of Toronto," Pouchot aaya (p. 119, vol. II. ), "iiat the end of the Bay (i. e. weat end), on the aide which ia quite elevated, and covered (i. e. protected) by flat rock, ao that vesaels cannot approach within can- non shot." The rock that crops up jubt below the site of the fort, in flat sheets, is very conspicuous when the lake is calm. Pouchot had aeen the fort, but he writes in the past tenae, after ita destruction " This fort or post," he aays, " waa asijuare about thirty toiaes (180 feet) on a side externally, with flanka of fifteen feet. The curtains fornied the buildin^^s of the fort. It was very well built, piece upon piece ; bat was only useful for trade. A league west of tbe fort," he adds, " is the mouth of the Toronto river, which ia of considerable size. This river communicates with Lake Huron by a portage of fifteen leagues, and is fre- quented by the Indians who come from the .\orth." (The Humber was known then is the Toronto river, because it led north- ward towards Lake Toronto (t. e. lake Simcoe), just as the Montreal river falling JDto Lake Superior wa« so styled because it indicated one of the canoe routes to Mon- treal, and as Canada Creek, un affluent of the Mohawk i iver, wa« so called, because its chnnnel was a water-way northwards 'owards Canada. For the same reason .Matchedash Hay, on the old maps, was Toronto Bay, (Bale de Toronto), as pene- trating far inland towards Lake Toronto in a aouth-eastern direction ; and, similarly, even the lakes forming the communication with the River Trent and the Bay of Quinte, were collectively the '• Torotto lakes.") We learn from Capt. (iothor Mann's now celebrated "Plan of the Proposed Toronto Harbour," etc., dated " (juekieu, 6th Dec, ITSS," that there were five buildings within the stockade. lie delineated ttiem dis- tinctly in his plan, as well aa the bounds of the ([uadt angle enclosed by the paliaadea. The remains were tlien ao prominent to the view and tangible as to justify the applica- tion to them of the term " Ruina. 1 he group is labelled on his map, " Ruins of a Trading I'ort, Toronto " I'robably in 17H8, when (iother Mann examined the spot, aome of the pickea wore atill in poaitiou, and the charred reniaina of the cedar posta which supported thebuildin.a would still be stand* ing. I hese in later years had diaappearcd, utilized as fuel, probably, by camping-parties from time to time ; but the long shallow trenches where the palisadea had been planted in ths ground, and the pita and ir- regularities in the surface of the soil, shew- ing in the usual way where buildings of perishable materiala had once been, were very conspicuous down to the year 1878 ; although by that time a good deal of the space onco enclosed within the palisades had fallen into the lake. (The writer himself remembers when the area shewing the re- maina of the old French fort was much larger on the southern side than it waa in 1878, through the extension of the cliiF out into the lake considerably beyond the line of the present shore. He also well remem- bers a vertical stain (aa from decayed wood) extending some way down on the face of tiie cliff where the land had fallen off : this waa the place, as he believed, where the flag- staff had been inserted in the ground : also a number of flag-stones from tbe adjoining beach, roughly laid down on the surface of the soil, where, as is likely, some great wood-stove, or the oven of the fort, had stood). KAMI AND NATl'RK OP THE ULD FKEMCH FORT. The name oflicially conferred on the newly- established post wa^ Fort Kouille, in com- pliment to Antoine Louis Rouille, Count de Jouy, Colonial Minister of France, 1749- 54, in succession to the Counr Maurepas. This Count de Jouy waa a distinguished per- sonage, not only on account ot the many hieh positions in the state which he had held, but also by reason of his patronage of literature. He was for a time at the head of the Royal Library, and was instrumental in having translations made of De Thou, Guicciardini, and other important writers. (He died i i 1761). But, notwithstanding the eminence of the Minister iu these several directions, his name as connected with the new trading post on the shores of Toronto if' I I:. n m i^»~^^l 720 LANDMARKS OF TOHOXTO. liny i|iiickly fell intu diHiiAc. Tin; uNpresHioii Toroiiti) Wan (ilruad^ fuiniliar to the {Kipular cat an I in tlio popular spuuch u.s Ueuutiiiff iho important ciinoe-laiiilinf; near by, for the " pas.1 at Toronto ;" imd tlie pixt became oommniily l^novn na Fort Toronto. /. c. tlio tr.ulin;^' post at tlio Toronto lauiliii^. Hy tliat iip[)ullation it canio to bo ^uiiorally diiiilsc II of very noon after it was lir.tt, ea- tubliMlied, In a (iuHpatuh addrensed by M. d(; Loii'.,'iioiiil, (iovurnor-( ioiieral, to Huuillu liiinself III 17")-. wo have both expressions U4od. Speakin;; of a min^iinfr Holdier who liad reeuntly Ijcgii sent with duspacchoR from till' post of Niagara to tlie post of Fori Froiiteii.ic (KiiiL'ston), ria Toronto, he says : " Tiie (.'ommandant at Niii^ura, M. du ia Lovalt( rie, hail ducaulicd a no! lier to con- vey certain deapntchos to Fort Ronille, with orJurs to the atoro-keepor at that jiust to tranH'hit them promptly to Montreal. It was not known,' ho then adds, " what be- came of that sohlior. About that lime," he continuuM " a .Mi8.si.i.saga from Tor.')nto ar- rived at Niagara, who informed M. de la Levulteric that ho had not si'un that soldier at the fort nor mot with him on the way. It is to be feared that he has been killed by the Inigot also again and again speaks of this establishment as Fort Toronto in the elaborate " .Memoir" prepared l)y him in reply to cert in charges of mismanage- meat brought against him on his return to France in 1763, and printed at I'.iris in that year, making however the inciilental re- mark, that it was tor some time known as Fort Ronille. We learn from the same Memoir that Fort Toronto was from the outset a Royal Post, i. e. tiiat the trade carried on there was for the benefit of the King's Exchequer. In a despatch to Rouille himself, copied in the Memoir, he refers to great expenses incurred at Fort Oswegatchie (Oadensburg) thiough the necessity of sup- plying food to the Indians there ; but then he hopes, he says, to recoup himself for these expenses by the trade carried on at Toronto, " where large quantities of goods ('effects') are required for that purpose." TBADK AT THE OLD FRENCH FORT. During the brief span of its existence, there was not time for Fort Toronto to de- velope into a first-class trading-post. From its proximity to Niagara it was, in certain points of view, a dependency of the fort there. In 1754 the occupants of Fort Niagara were twenty-four soldiers, five offlcers, two •ergeants, one drummer, « chaplain, a sur- geon, and a store keeper ; ami the nunih.-v of eanots annually despatclied thithei with mi|)plie/i was ten ; while at Fort Toronto there were only five soldiers, oiiu otlieer, two sergeant.'*, and a storekoejx^r ; aiil out for the firat time in ll-.c»e parts ;h( products of iiumaii industry, for inticiil ia«pu' Uuii and tnutu'il iiitcn liiui|i;e. Uiaplayed on the gretMi^warcl iiisjdo tlie palH'k'les on the une bide wore wans ;miiL'lit laboriously hitlier from the (Mil '.Vorlil across the sea ; and on the oilier, .Iw lir'Might laliorioiisly hitli(;r, often from CHiisiil'-ril'lo distanc(!8, the ordinary pi'o- MCC" n. VRANCOIS I'igi'KT's VISIT TO TIIK dl.I) I UK v, if FOhP. Francois I'iijuot was a presbyter ot tin: French Church in Canada, a mcmlur ol the religious confraternity of Si. .Siilpice He was a man of great zeal and enterprise ; anon>: the Indians everywhere, was very troub esome In a despatch already quoted, dated in 1752, we learn that the inmates of the weak and solitary trading post at Toronto wero kept in a state < f much anxiety from this cause. M. de Longueuil, Governor-General, informs the ^Jinister at Vei sallies that tbe storekeeper at Toronto had been assured by some trustworthy Indians, that the iSalteaux, i. e,, Otchipways of the Sault, the same in fact aa the Mississagas, had dispersed themselves round the head of Lake Ontario ; and seeing himself surrounded by them, he doubts not but th> y have somu evil design on his tort. "There is no doubt," M. de Longuiuil then observes, " but it is the English who are inducing the Indiana to destroy the French, and that thiy would uive a good deal tu get the aavages to destroy Fort Toronto, on account of the essential injury it does their trade at Choueguen." And again in Octo- ber of the same year de Longueuil writes of various outrages that had been comnntted on Frenchmen by Indians in the south-west, on the Wabash and the Llinois riv rs. " Every letter," he aaya, " brings news of murder ; we are menaced with a <. eucral outbreak, and even Toronto is in danger. Before ton? the English on the Mianu will Lain over all the surrounding tribis, Let possession of Fort Chartres, and cut oui- communications «it i Lruisiana " Sucli a condition of thin s could not continue long. In 175t) open hostilities commenctd bet^^eea LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 7«3 Ka{ed 10 their friends. The supply of brandy, supposed to be stowed away somewheie (herein, was the t mptation. The only p r- sous within !h« fort at the time were M. VarreB, the storekeeper, and ten men under M. de Noyc;:le. The lat; erhad b en secre ly apprised of th» plot: by a French domsiic. Aono: with two m n was in- 9 »u ly d spa chtd, unobserved by the con- spiraors, lo Fort Nia ara across ih ; lakr. (apt. Pouchot,in command ih rt.on hi arin>; the story, lost no time in despatching two officers, Capt. de la Ferte and ^f. de FiDsun,with sixty-one men, in two batteaux, each armed with a swivel gun at the bow. They reached Toronto at four o'clock in the afternoon of the next day. They found the Mississagas atill encamped near the fort ; and passing in front of them the boats sa- luted their vigwams with " artillery and musket balls, ' directed, however, into the air, as Capt. Pouchot had given orders. The Indians were immediately summoned to attend a council. They wer« greatly as- tonished at the adventure, Capt. Puuchot tells us, and confessed everything : they had false news delivered to them, they said, to the effect that the English had beaten the French. But the true reason of their action, Pouchot adds, was that they felt themselves in force, and could get plenty of brandy for nothing. THE OLD FKENOH FORT DKSTROYED. The moves on the world's chess board fol- lowed one another in rather quick succes- sion in the remote portion of it occupied by New France. In 175ti de la Jonqiiicre's sug- gestion, of which we have already heard, that the French should become masters of Choueguen, was carried into effect by no less a personage than Montcalm hiiiisulf, who afterwards fell at Quebec. H'his blow te English interests was, however, returned three years later by Col. liradstreet's cap- ture of Fort Fronteiiac, and the destruction there of nine armed French sloops. At the tame period, Choueguen was recovered by Col. Haldimand for its former po.ssessors. Fort Niagara was now the only remaining strong point on Lake Ontario not in Kuglish hands. In 17~>8. after the capture of Fort Frontenac, M. de V'audreuil, (Governor- General, the seco' d of that name, wrote to the Minister de Messiac : " If the h'nglish should make their appearance at Toronto, I have given orders to burn it at once, and to tall back on Niagara." Then in the fol. lowing year we have him informing the san^e Mini:s[er that he had ordered down what reinforcements he could from tha Illinois and Detroit, for the protection of Fort Niagara. " These forces," he says, " would proceed to the relief of Niagara should the enemy wish to besiege it ; and I have in like manner," he adds, " sent or- ders to Toronto to collect the Mississagas and other nations and forward them to Niagara." About this time watchers oa the ramparts of Fort Niagara would see ascending from a point on the far horizon to the north-west, across ttie lake, a dark column of smoke^ sure indication of the fact that the orders of de Vaudreuil were being executed, and that in a few hours all that the English or any one els , on approaching Toronto, would discover of the onco flourishing trading post there would be live heaps of charred timber end planks, with a low chimney stack of coarse brick and a shat* tered Hooring at its foot, made of tlaiT' stones, from the adjoining beach, the whole sur- rounded on the inland side by three lines of cedar pickets more or less broken down and scathed by fire. On the 2.')th of June (1759), af«-er a liege of about three weeks, first by Oen. Pride ux, who was accidentally killed in the trenches, and then by Sir William Johnson, who suc- ceeded to the command, the fortress of Ni- agara fell, with thu loss on the part of tho besiegers of 63 killed and 185 wound d. Tho fort or trading-post above the Falls, known as Little Niaeara and lort Schloeser, where stands now the village of La Salle, had been also, like Foit Toronto, previou.-.ly committeil to tho tlatnes, after removing its contents ami little detachment of guanU to tho priucipil fort, at the mouth of the Niagara river. NOTIt'KS OK TIIK RKMAINS OF THK OLD FRENCH KdliT : SIR WILLIAM .JOHNSON's. To make assurance doubly sure. Sir William ilohnson, after getting possor-aioa of Fort Niagara, lost little ^Ime in sending over to Toronto to give, should it be found necessary to do so, tho coH/^-df-ijraci: to tha fort there. On the 28th of July (1759), he writes in his Journal : "The evtning of ths y;t ; iflf II ' 1 1 t a I u 724 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 27th I sent three wliale-boats with a party of above thirty men to reconnoitre Fort Toronto, and on their return propose to Bend to destroy it." Then on the 30th he writes : " At ni^ht Lieutenant Francis re- turned from Toronto and reported that the •nemy had burned and abandoned that post, and destroyed many things which they could not take along, viz , working utensils, arms, etc. A Chippeway chief came to me with Mr. Francis, in order to speak with me." The subsequent iutc. view with the chief > who represented the tribes along the north shore of the lake, was an iucidbnt of con- Bidorable importance. On the 2nd of August > ir William gave formal audience to this chief, whose name was written down as Tequakareigh. The scene is described in the Journal at some length. Sir William writes :— " With a string and two belts of wampum 1 bid him welcome, and shook him by the hand. By the second, which was a black belt, I took the hatchet out of the hands of his and all the surrounding nations : recommended hunting and trade to them, which would be more to their interest than quarrelling with the English, who have ever been their friends, and supplied them at the cheapest rates with the necessaries of life, and would do it again, both here (Nia:;ara) and at Os'.vego, provided they quitted the French interest. This I desired he would acquaint all the surroundini; nations with. A black belt, the third and last, was to in- rite his, and all other nations living near them, lo repair early next spring to this place and Oswego, where there shcmld be a large assortment of all kinds of goods fit for their use ; also recommended it to them to send some of their young men here to hunt and fish for the garrison, for which they would be paid and kindly treated. Told them at the same time thai 1 would send some of my interpreters, etc , with him on the lake to the next town of the Mississagas, with whom I desired he would use his best endeavours to convince them that it would be to their interest to live in friendship with the English, and that we had no ill inten- tions against them, if they did not oblige us to il To vviiich he (Toquakaroigli) answered, and said it gave him great pleasuve to hear so good words, and was certain it would be extremely aarreeable to all the nations with whom he was acfiuainted, who, with his, were wheedled and led on to strike the English, whioh he now confessed he was sorry for, and assured nie they never would again ; and that should the French. According to custom, ask Iheni to do so any more, they would turn them out of the coun- try. He at the same time begged earnestly that a plenty of goods might be brought here and to Oswego ; and there they, as well as all the other nations around, would come and trade ; and their young men should hunt for their brothers, whom they now took fast hold of by the hand, and called upon the 8ii Nations, who were present, to bear witness to what he had promised. He also de/ired I would send some person to the Mississaga town, near where Toronto stood, to hear what he shou'ul say to their nation, and to see that ha would deliver my belts and message honestly. I clothed him very well," Sir William adds, *' and gave him a handsome present to carry home ; then took from about his neck a largo French medal, and gave him an English one, and a gorget of silver, desiring, when- ever he looked at them, h would remember the engagement he now made." NOTICES OF TlIK REMAINS OF THE OLD FRENCH FORT : MAJOR ROGERS*. In 1760 the site of Fort Toronto was vis- ited and reported on by Major Robert Ro- gers, an officer distinguished in the late French war, the hero of "Rogers' Slide,' still pointed out on Lake (Seorge, opposite " Antony's Nose." Although he does not happen to have made a note of the remains of the fort, but only speaks in general terms of " the place where formerly the French had a fort," he gives the interest- ing information that the woods had been cleared away over an area of about three hundred acres immediately around it, partly, doubtless, for fuel during iho ten years of the fort's occupancy, but partly also at the outset for pickets and supports of buildings and other purposes about the establish iiicnt, and tor security against sud- den surprise. Major Rogers was on his way to take formal possession of the forts in the west just vacated by the French. He has left an account of his movements when on this mission. On the 13th of September he started for Montreal with two hundred Rangers in fifteen whalo-boats. After des- cribing the several stages of his journey up to about what is now Port Hope, his ap- proach to Toronto is thus narrated : — " The V ind being fair, the 30th of September (1760) we embarked at the first dawn of day, and with the assistance ot sails and oars, made great way on a south-west course, and in the evening reached the River To- ronto (t e. the Humber), having run seventy miles. . . . There was a tract of abor.t three hundred acres of cleared around round the place where formerly the French had a fort, called Fort Toronto. The soil here, he observes, is principally clay. The deer are extremely plenty in this country. Some Indians were hunting at the mouth of the 1 ^ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 725 river, who ran into the woods a^ our ap- proach, very much frightened. They came ill, however, in the morning, and t<;atiliei llteirjoy at the news of ou.' succeas airainst ti»e French. They told us we could easily tecompliah our journey from thence to De- troit in ei:ht days ; that when the French traded at that place the Indians used to come with their peltry from Micliiliniackinao liowu the River Toronto ; that the portage was but twenty miles from that to a rirer falling into Lake Huron (Holland River, Lake riimcoe and the Severn, considered as one stream). I think Toronto,' the Major adds. " a most convenient place tor a fac- tory (>• e. a trading post) ; and that from thence we may easily settle the north side of Lake Erie We left Toronto the 1st of October, steering south right across the west end of Lake Ontario At dark we arrived at the south shore, five miles west of Fort Niagara, some of our boats having now be- come exceedingly leaky and dangerous." NOTICES OF THK BRMAINS OF TUK OLD FRENCH KOKT : CAPTAIK QOTHER MAN.n's. In 1788, Capt (mother Mann, an eminent otKa*r of the Royal Engineers, acting under orders, examined Toronto harbour and pen- insula ; took soundings, delineated roughly t!:e course of the then unnamed Don where it euters the bay, and the great inlet into the marsh in the direction of Ashbridge's Bay : he noted likewise, witli a double row ufdottel lines on the western portion of his map, " Part of the road towards Luke La Clie," »'. «. Lake Simcoe, which comes down with a bold zig-zag towards the mouth of the Humber. But what is more to the present purpose, (iother Mann L'ives a miniature proiiud-plan of the old French fort, shewing Dy dotted lines the place of the pickets which formed the stockade on the three inland sides, with five small oblong parallelograms enclosed, denoting doubtless the principal storehouse (a little in advance of the rest), and quarters for the keeper, soldiers, and other men usually in charge of the place. I'he v/hole group occupies of course th* esact area wliieli used to be known to all •arly inhabitants as " the oW French fort," and is labelled by Capt. Mann, at the top, '' Ruins of a Trading Fort/' and underneath, in continuation, "Toronto." In 1788, wind and weather, and camp-tires from time to time in the neighbourhood, had not yet btQup;ht about the changes afterwards so effectually wrought ; and the " ruins" could be delineated with ease. The whole locality >• as examined by Capt. Mann in an- ticipation of a future town, township and settle ' ent. to be established hereabout by the Government in due time. The title ith the letter A. a little to the east of the site of the old Trading Post, the spot which he thought to be the fittest for the purpose in- dicated — the spot in fact occupied at the present day by the " Stone Barracks" at Toronto ; and to show the character of the channel, he gives, from this point slantingly aoross the entrance into the harbour, to the point of the peninsula on the opposite side, the soundings in fathoms : 2, 2[[, 3, 4, 4, 3^, 3^, I^, 1. To show that a military work at the spot marked A would be calculated to give protection to a settlement along the northern shore of the bay, he draws on his map a fancy town-plot exactly four-square, consisting of eleven equal-sized blocks, each way, with a broad belt of " Ground re- served'* in front, and a lar.e patch of " Common" in the rear. Moreover, the surrounding country from the line of the Humber to someway east of the Don, he cuts up into concessions and farm- lots and roads after the usual fashion, with the ut- most regularity, quite irrespective of hill and dale, river, ravine or morass. [It should be added that Capt. Mann, through some caprice, elected in iriis Plan to spell " Toronto" with an e in the second syllable ; carried away, probably, like ('apt. Boimycastle at a later date, by a notion that there was so^iethinsr Italian in the name, and beiuf; quite unacquainted with its real ofii,'it> and meaning, in his Report to Lord Dorchester, accompanying the Plan, Capr. Mann, it is to be observed, adopts the ordinary and proper form of the word ] AUGUSTUS JONES AT TUB SITE OF THE OLU FRENCH FOKT IN 1793. The pioneer land surveyor, Augustus Jones, largely employed by (Jovernor Nimcoe in laying out for the first time several por- tions of IJpper Canada, set otFaud partially described, in 1793, a series of lots forming a broken tront concession on the edge of Lake Ontario, stretching westward from the boundary between tlie townships of ^'o^k and Scarboroush. The interval between this line and a line running north from the mouth of ** St. John's River," i e. the Humber, measured along a base line now represented by Queen Street, was divided into thirty-nine lots, each twenty chains in width, with a public roadway of one chain in width after every fifth lot. (A roadway of the same width was also left between York and Scarborough). At the western |i ^ Wl i i m "I ■ill • i 'Sli 1:' ■1:1, 1 I i i: \u % if ' \ : 1 •, >-i ll .'■ 1 u u i! ' tr i' i li 726 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. limit of each lot he passed down southward, at ri^ht angles to the base line, to the water's edgo, where he planted a post. As he chains out this western limit o( each lot, lie makes notes of the timber, soil and char- acter of surface. Although his descriptions have, all ot them, more or less interest for the present occupants of this region, we are not particulfKrly concerned with them just now, until we come to the western limit of lot number 29. In running this lino he ( omes out upon the clearing in tiie woods which Major Rogers spoke of as having been made round the old French fort Toronto. On the 10th of .luly, 1793, he makes tiiis entry in his Field Book ; " Lot 29. A Post on the bank a little below the old Fort" 1 1, e. he chains down from his baseline (Queen Street) to the water's edge, and plants a post there, a little to the east of ihe site of the old French fort]. His des- cription of the surface, etc., then follows : " At 2.50 (two chains, fifty hnks from the base line) a wet hole ; at 6.50 a small creek running to the left (t. e. eastward : some little atUueut of the garrison ereek) ; at 8.70 a wet hole ; at 14 chains a wet hole ; at 19 chains wet one chain across ; at 20.50 a wet hole 75 links across ; at 35 chains a swamp ; at 48 chains a small creek running to the left ; at 57.50 a wet hole ; at GO. 50 wet two chains across ; at 63 chains to low wet ground, which continues to near the Lake, 8 chains. At 52 chains to where the Trees have formerly been cut down, now grown up with small saplings. Timber : tall birch, maple, black oak, hickory ; a few hemlocks. The soil on the top appears black and loose ; underneath a hard clay.'' He now returns to his bdtse line and chains down, as before, the western boundary of the next lot. His entry is • " Tuesday, 16th [July, 1793], Lot .30. To a Post on the bank of the Lake. At-2.50 a low wet hole ; at 13.40 a swamp two chains across ; at 2.3.70 a swamp three chains across ; at 41 chains, where the timber had been cut down at the time the French built the fort (i. e. he comes out again on the ttiree-hundred-acre clear- ing mentioned by Major Rogers) ; at 54 chains on a ridge descending to 56 chains ; at 61 chains to clear ground ; at 66.40 on the bank of the Lake about two chains ; (i. e. 132 feet or 44 yards) above the old Fort (t. e. to the west of the site of the old Fort). TiniDur : beech, maple, hemlock, and oak : clay soil." The western boundary of Lot No. 31 is next run. Starting again from the base, it terminates, after 57 chains have been measured, at a point where a post was planted " about two cbaius above the Blacksmith's old house" (the remains proba- bly of a forge for the benetit of Indians and others requiring repairs for implements, guns, etc., and placed at that distance for jsafety's sake) After Lot .30, as after everv otlier fifth lot of the Uroken Front range, an allowance for road (one chain) was left! This allowance for road is now DuiTeii;! Street, at the western limit of the Exhibi tion Park ; and is still to-day the dividiti' line between Lot 30 (included in the I'ark') and Lot 31 (commonly known, until recent sub-division into building loti, etc. , as Dr. Gwynne's property. We thus have it conclusively demon- strated from the Field Hook of the original surveyor of the " Broken Front" concej. sion of York, that the old French Fort of Toronto was situated near the edge of the lake, between the east aud west boundaries of Lot No. 30, and about two chains from said western boundary. That is, it wad situated in the angle farmed by the lake shore and the said western boundary, two chains east of that boundary ; and any one 'A ho may take the trouble to make the ex- periment by actual admeasurement, will find that two chains (132 feet or 44 yards) from Dufferin Street, i. c. the boundary be- tween lots 30 and 31, will conduct him to the spot where tlie monument commemo ra ive of the old French Fort Toronto has been built. SOME LATER NOTICES OF THE SITE OF THE OLD FRENCH FORT. The remains of the old French fort, slight as they were, constituted, in the absence of grander "ruins," one of the "sights" in the vicinity of the infant capital of Upper Cana- da, audas such they were usually mentiouedia the early printed accounts of the place. In 1799 appeared David William Smyth's Topographical Description and Provincial Gazeteer of Upper Canada. Its full title reals as follows : " A Short Topographical Description of Hit Majesty's Province of Upper Canada, in North America, to which is anne.\ed a Provincial Ga/'.eteer. London : published by W. Faden, Geographer to His Majesty aud to His Royal liigline>3 the Prince of Wales, (/baring Cross, IT'.t'.). Printed by W. Bulmur and Co., lUis- aell Court, Cleveland Row, St. James'.'' It is said in the preface to have been drawn up by "David William Smyth, Esq., the very able Surveyor-Cieneral of Upper Can- ada, on the plan of the late Captain ilutuh- ins, for the River Ohio, and the countries adjacent." Speaking of York, in the Topo- graphical Description, the compiler of this work says : " In passing out of the harbour of York, to the westward, you see the gar- rison on the mainland at the entrance of tiie harbour, which, and the blockhouses on GibraLar Point, are its security ; aud a ml] It LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 727 little to the westward of the garrison are the remains of the old trench Fort Toronto ; adjoininf; to which is a deep bay that re- ceives the River H umber, on which are law-milh belonging to Government ; a little way up the river the Government yacht is building." I'hen again under York, in the (ia^e teer part : " The remains of the old French Fort Toronto stand a little to tlie westward of the present garrison, and ttie River Humher discharges itself into Luke Outitrio, about two miles and half west of that ; on this river and the Don are excel- lent mills, and all tlie waters abound in fish. " In 1813 appeared a second edition of U. W. Smyth's wofk, published under the immediate inspection of Uovernor Gore, who was resident at the time in London. In this re-issue these allusions to the re- mains of the old French Fort Toronto are unchanged. In 1805 vas published in London a " Slietch of His Majesty's Province of Up- per Canada, by D'Arcy Houlton, Barrister- at-Law," a thin quarto volume of niuety- uine pages, vnry handsomely printed At the end are seven pages of " Subscribers' Names." It has an excellent map, and is dedicated •' To the King " The author of this work was afterwards better known in Upper Canada a.s Mr. Justice Boulton. lu this Sketch the remains of the old French Fort Toronto are not overloolied. In cou- uecciou with York they are spoken of in terms almost identical with those employed ly Surveyor-General Smyth. THE SITE OK THE OLD FRENCH FORT WELL KNOWN TO THE INVADERS IN 1813. In 1813 York was captured by a United States force. In the accounts of that inci- dent the remains of the old French Fort Toronto again curiously come into view. Their site, it appears, was well known to the American authoritie regulars and militia ami 100 Indians, and disposed them u the best manner to resist the lauding of ttie American force. . . , Bodies of Indians were ob- served in groups in ditl'erent drections in and about the woods below the site of the Fort, and numbers of horsemen stationed in the clear ground surrounding it. . . . At eight o'clock tie debarkation com- menced ; at ten it was completed. Major Forsyth and his riflemen, in several large bateaux, were in the a Ivance They pulled vigorously for the designated ground at the site, but were forced by a strong >n ind a con- siderable distance above," etc. In Auchinleck's " History of the War of 1812-'13-'14," published at Toronto in li*55, a full-page plate is given (p. 186) illustrative of the capture of York. Letters identify the points of interest with great precision, as follows : A. The Humber ; B. Place V here Americans lauded ; C. Old French Fort ; D. Western Battery ; E. Half-moon Battery ; F F. Garrison Garden ; G. G. Government House, Garrison and Magazine ; H. H. Ships and Stores burned by liritish. The Lake road. Garrison road, and business part of York in 1812, are also given, and the note is appended : " The plate represents in addition, the city of Toronto as it uo^v is. [The present streets and wards are in- dicated ] The woods, however, have been left as they were [i. «. in 1812], to mark the difficulty « hich attended military move- ment* generally." In the plate the letter C. is placed w ith great accuracy in the angle between the line of the shore and the road now known as DufFeriu Street, on the east side of the road , and li, the spot where the Americans landed, is seen very near where Queen Street, if produced iu a right line, would strihe the water, which also indicates what was the generally known fact. It is understood that Mr. Anchin- leek, while writing his v ork on the w ar, which appeared originally in successive num- bers of Mr. Maclear's Anglo-American Ma- gazine in 1853, et tieq.. Lad the advantage of the best information, derived from such sources as Chief Justice Robinson, Mr. Chew- ett, and many other gentlemen, late sur- vivors of tbe critical period, who, from pev- -H ■5 j IP 1 ■ Si 'I .! ! i ^ \ jtii. 'I;.! 728 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Boaal experience, were well acquainted with all particulars connected with tiie war. This renders the carefully prepared plate in Mr. Auchinleck'e Hiitory of great value, as fixing with certainty, for future students, the exact situation of a number of localities possessing great interest, especially for the inhabitant* of Toronto. NOTK, Lossing'a Pictorial Field Rook of the War of 1812, published by the Harpers in New Yorlw in 1869, is a very valuable and most interesting work, which will long be a popu- lar book of reference. It is important, therefore, and will be in place here.ko point out and to correct several of its inaccura- cies in regard to the old French Fort at Toronto. When Mr. Lossing visited To- ronto in 18C0, for the purpose ot personally examining the scene of action, where the capture of York was effected in 1813, by an American armed force, and making sketches for the forthcoming publication, he sought out and obtained an intirview with iMr. John Ross, a surviving veteran of 1812, and at the time the leading local undertaker of Toronto. Mr. Lossing ob. taised from Mr. Ross accurate information as to the situation of the old French Fort, but unfortunately, being up in years and an invalid, Mr. Ross did not accompany Mr. Lossing to the spot. " Mr. Rosa aave me such minute and clear directions con- cerning the interesting places in and aroand Toronto, that I experienced no difficul y in finding them," Mr. Lossing writes p. 592. " I hired a horse and light waggon, and a young man for driver; >i t spent a great portion of the day in the hot sun." Un- luckily this young man had not the familiar knowledge of the different localities that Mr. Rosd had ; and the consequence was that Mr. Lossim: mistook the " Butts," set up in quite modern times, for rifle prac- tice, " abou 60 rods west of the New Barracks," considerably easr of the real site, for remains ot the old French Fore. This is evidenc from the skeich which he gives, and his explanatory remarks 'hereon. Mr. Lossing writes : *' The principal re- mains of I he For , in which may be seen some timber- work placed 'here when the fort was partially repaired in the winter of 1812-13 [so he fancied], are seen in ;he foreground. They presented abrupt heaps covered with sod. On the right, in the dis tance is seen Gibraltar Point, with the | trees springing from the low sandy surface, j On he lef; are the New Barracks." The! supposition tha'' the old French For. was re- | paired with a view to defence in 1812 13, ' WAS purely imaginary. The timber \^ork spoken of, and conspicuously shown ia the skech, was par: of iha construe ion of ihc •'Butts." There never were any remain.n of the old French For t. of this conspicuous sort. The establishment hsra was, aa Ihavu again and acain had occasion to se forth, simply an Indian trading post during the whole period of its exisienci-, and not a miliary work. Curiously enough, the rough, irregular protuberances in the soil, on one of which, in tlie imm dia '■. fore ground, he ar.is;: repr s nts hims If as si-- tinj; wiiile skctciiing the view before him, with the young driver standing by liim, re- ally vjcru the genuine remains which he was in search of. Exactly where he was aitiiii;T wore scattered about plentiful vestinres ol the vanished buildings of the old French Fort, shallow pits where the supports ot the houses had been, and where the chimney stack had stood, and the shallow trenches or furrows formed by the earth slightly raised on each side, along where the pali- sades had formerly been planted in the ground. The impression in the mind of the writer that the old Fort Toronto hud been a mili- tary work is also seen in the wood-out map (p. .590) where the shape of •' Fort Toronto" is made to be. on the smallest seale of course, but very distinctly, a fortress in the Vaubau style, with the regulation angles, bas- tions, etc. (In S. (j. Goodrich's Pictorial History of America, another popular work published in New York in 1854, there is to be seen a cut entitled *• the death of Pike," given in connection with the capture of Yoik in 1813. In it York figures in tha distance as quite an important city, with several towers, spires, etc.) While cor- recting Lossing, it will be as well to poiat out some further errors at p. 587 in the text and appended note. The Blockhouse spoken of in line 12 from top, was situated on the bank of the artificial channel known as the " Little Don," not far from the lir.st Parliament Huildings. It commanded the road which led from the "Carrying l.'la(!e3" or narrow part of the Island. This is quite a diflerent position from " the hii!h east bank of the Don, just beyond the pro cnt briilge at the eastern termination of King and Queen Streets." The portion of the note below that requires correction is the following : " It (the island) is low and sandy — so low that from the moderate ele- vation of the town (fifteen or twenty feet above the water) the dark line of the lake may be seen over it. Upon it were, and still are, some trees which, at first ulaiioe, seem to be standing on the water. Thij gave the name of Tarontah, an Indian word signifying " trees on the water," to tha LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 739 place. When the French built a fort there, wsstward of the extreme western end of the peninsula (which waa called Gibraltar Point), they named it Fort Tarontah or Toronto." In this passacro, etymology, arthography and history are all at fault. Th ; name given tn the fort built here by the French waa Fort. Kouille. The word Toronto di 1 not originate here : it had nothing to do with the trees on the peninsula here : it travelled down hitlier from Lake Simcoe in the north, which, at least one hundred years before the French built the fort, was well known as Lake Toronto (spelt exe.ctlv so on early maps). The predominant traditional inter- pretation of the word used to be " Place of .sleeting," the allusion being to the popu- lous region between Lake Toronto and Lake Huron, the grand rendezvpus of the Huron or \V>andot tribes, down to the year 1649. The " trees on the water" theory of inter- pretation ^\as a late afrerti'.ounht, an in- genious guesa on the part of some ona who hul heard of an Iroquois word with some such meiiuing, obscurely resomblin,' To- ronto in sounil. Lewis H. Morgan, in his " League of the Iroquois, ' wrote down the funcied term as •' Deonda" ; so hi» ear had caught it. Not only, as has once before riceu stated, was Lake Simcoe Lake Toronto, bill Alatchedash and Gloucester Bay was liay of Toronto, the back lakes connecting with the Trent were the Toronto Lakes and Humber was the Toronto River : indicating that they were, all of them, ^^ ater high- Mays to the great interior central ren- dezvous or " I'lace of Meetina;" of the Hu- ron tribes. After vanishing from the map ia the north, it obtained by a happy acci- dent a permanent lodgment at the spot whore it now rests. Good linguistic reasons could be given for the now generally re- ceived interpretation of " Toronto," but the details would occupy too mucli space. There was evidently a desire on the part of the Surveyor-General's department, at the beguuiingof Sir Peregrine Maitland's regime, to perpetua e on the map of Upper Canada the beautiful name which had been strangely dissardea fcir York in 1793-4. When the " Mississaga Tract" « as secured and laid out one of the new townships was named Toronto, and a narrow triangu ar piece of territory belonging to it was called the " Gore of Toronto." When the village in the township of Hope, afterwards known •a Fort Hope, was first projected, Mr. Chss, Fothorgili gave it the name of Toronto ; and Robert Gourlay, in the curious map prepared for the first volume of bis Statis- tical Account of Upper Canada, gave the name of Toronto to what was to be the principal city of the province, according to anew but very fanciful method suggested by him for laying out townships and loads, and figured on his map. RE.MAINS OF THE OLD FRENCH FORT EFFACED, BCT SITE MARKED BY A CAIRN. It thus appears that the site of the old French Fort Toronto was a matter of com- mon notoriety at York from the outset oi thai place. And so it continued to be after York had merged into Toronto. Most of the inhabitants of the town and its vicinity were familiar wich ^he spot. Sportsmen in the habit of looking after water-fowl of I various kinds along the beach westward ! from the garrison were specially cognizant of it. Youuij lads at school were fond of tiring on " the old Frencti Fort,'' as the terminus of a half-holiday's stroll towards Humber Bay along the well-beaton path on the edge of the cliff, i t was in tliis latter way the present writer first formed his acquaintance with the spot, his perfect fanuliarity with which waa kept up by a visit every now and then during many sub- sequent years. In 1878, a large portion of the so-callod Garrison Common was fecured from tlio Government, and set apart as a park for Industrial Exhibition purposes. A survey of the ground was made, walks and drives were laid out in it, and many buildings re- quired for carrying out the objects of the park were erected, i'.y a happy accident the site of the old J)"rench Fort Toronte was included within the limits of the park. Up to 1878 a space round about the particu- lar spot where the remains were, had been enolos-ed by a poorly kept wooden fence, through wliKii foot passengers, desirous of crossing tho Common, could easily make their way. The lines of this fence failed to form a correct square. One of its angles w\3 unaccountably obtuse, as may be seen in Sandford Fleming's plan of Toronto, which sliows the enclo.sure in question with- out any mention, however, of the cause of its existence. The irregularity in shape re- ferred to had probably aome relation to the former pali.':ades, tlie lines of which did not run exactly at right angles either to the line of the present Dufferin street, or the present line of the shore, as shown Dy tie delineations in Auchinlcck's plan, and also by the map given by I-,ossing. The fence spoken of was, of course, taken down when the park was prepared for exhi- bition purposes ; but more than that ; it became necessary to level and sod the en- closed area ; to grade it, in fact, somewhat towards the south, and to straighten the lino of the cliff o^. tbat side, which had become verj' irregular from tho destructive action of the waves below. These necessftry : •■■ i mij \ m 730 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. i ;.: j^lP improvements involved the obliteration of the vestiges of the old French Fort, which for BO long a time had imparted a charm to the fjrouna hereabout, and the great proba- bility of the site becoming obscure io tbe future and possibly at length being clean forgotten, obviously presented itself. The risk was manifest of the inhabitants of To- ronto losing a valuable property, so to apeak, viz., the knowledge of a spot situated in tlieir midst, possessed of very great historical interest ; of more bistorical in- terest, in point of fact, than any other spot within the limits of their city, or anywhere in its neighbourhood, being chronologioally connected » ith the old French and Indian eras in the annals of Western Canada. A determination to mark the memorable site by some luitablo structure was immediately come to on the part of the i'resideut of the Industrial Exhibition Association. Mr. J. J. Withrow.who had been chiefly instrumental in securing for Toronto its Exhibition i'ark, and was now actively engaged in making ic ready for exhibition purposes on a very comprehensive scale. A cairn of unhewn stone was accordingly built throuj;h bis influence with the city authorities, and a fine massive granite boulder, recently brought up by the dredging machine out of the adjoining ship channel of the entrance into Toronto Bay, mounted upon it, bearing the following inscription : — This cairn marks the exact sitk ok Fort Rol'iixk, C(immonly known as Fort Toronto, an ^..ndian Trading Po.st ano STOCKAUE.ESTABUSHED A. D. 1749,BV ORDER OF THE Government of Louis XV. in ac- cordance with the recommendations ok IHK ConNT DE UK GaLISSONIEKE, AI>MIN- ISTRATOR OF New France, 1717-1749 Erected by the Cori'obation of the City OP Toronto, a. d. 1878. 1 his memorial object was visited and at tcntively inspected by His Excellency Lord Dutferin, Governor-General of Can ida, on the occasion of his inaugurating the great Industrial Exhibitiou, held for the first time in the new grounds. The cairn now erected answered an excel- lent purpose for about the space of six years, when from partial settlement and other causes it became somewhat deteriorated in its appearance, and it was generally felt that something more worthy of the City of To- ronto, and of the important site commemo> rated ought to take its place. cairn replaced by a memorial column, which is finally made a memento op THE queen's jubilee IN THE YEAR 1887. The year 1884 was the never-to-be-forgot- ten iSemi-Ceutennial of the Incorporation of Toronto as a City and the restoration o( that beautiful and appropriate name, whiuh for fifty years had been supplanted by that of " York." It was thought appropriate that one of the means of signali/iiii^ the occasion would be the commencement, at all evens, if not the con''pletion,of a memo, rial object on the site of the old French Fort Toronto, to take the place of the con- fessedly temporary and now dilapidated cairu. Mr. W. Birclay McMurrich, Chair- man of the Semi-Centciinial Committee, ap- pointed by the Corporation, and re 'ently Mayor of the City, interested himself in the matter, and on the last day of the Semi- Centennial celebration, the foundati'm of a monumental pillar after a design by the Messrs, Langley and Burke, architects, of Toronto, was laid by the then Lieu- tenant-Governor of Ontario, the Honourable John Beverley Robinson, in the presence of the .Mayor of the City, Mr. A. K. iJos- well, and a large concourse of citizens and visitors from the United States. During the progress of the two following years two of the lower courses of the pedestal were built with funds contributed by the Corporation and the Industrial Exhibition Association, 'i he process of erection seemed likely to be an affair cf several years' dura- tion, when happily the fiftieth anniversary of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria occurred in 1887, and it was determined to make thR completion of the memorial on the site of the old French Fort Toronto, an incident in the City's commemoration of that event. Great good-will was very generally shown to this project. On various grounds several public bodies united in promoting the scheme. The Corporation of the City encouraged the undertaiving from the outset by repeated subsidies, in order ihat the starting point of trade and commerce in this reidon might be identified with precision in all future time. The In- dustrial Exhibition A.y encouragement and funds thus sup- plied, the erection of the monument wai completed, and the ceremony of its unveil- ing by His Excellency the Marquis of Lans- downe, Governor-General of Canada, took place among the proceedings of the opening day of the combined Dominion and Local Industrial Exhibition at Toronto, the 6th of September, 1887. The remarks of His Excellency on the occasion were as follows : — (It will be ob- served that the inauguration of the General Exhibition had just occurred in another part of the park). " The ceremooy which has recently been concluded in another part of the ground was one which had reference to the affairs of today, and to the material interests, present and future, of this city arid its neghbour- hood. 1 am glad that you have asked me to take a part in another ceremony, which will for a moment carry our minds back from the present to the past. We are met this afternoon in order to preserve from obliteration the traces of the first beginnings of the city of which you are so justly proud to-day. In doing this you are, I think, showing A very proper and laudable feel- in?. A community is wanting in self-respect, which does not take an interest in its own history, and seek to preserve those records by which that history can be traced and authenticated. I have frequently no- ticed with pleasure that the people of To- ronto are fond of dwelling upon the memo- ries which live ...ound the city, and this portion of the Province of which it is the capital ; and there is certainly no part of Canada in which men of the present day have a better right to refer with pride to the achievements of' their forefathers, or to the courage with which the earliest set- tlers in the land, when they were as yet a mere handful of men, held their own in the face of desperate odds, iisrhting for the country of their adoption, and preserving to the British Empire one of its noblest bulwarks. The monument which you h ive asked me to unveil, carries us back, how- ever, to a past even more remote than that upon which you are fondest of dwelling ; it takes us back to a period earlier than that of the United Empire Loyalists- earlier than theageof Simcoe and of Hruck. It is erected on the site of the old French Trading Post, built here nearly a century and a half ago, by the French Gov- ernment ; a post which was, in fact, the earliest civilized settlement established in this neighbourhood ; that settlement you have very appropriately described in your address aa the germ of the Toronto with which we are now acquainted. I think the greatest credit is duo to the public bodies, the Corporation, the Exhibitiun Association and the Provincial Guvernincnt, as well as to the private friends and supporters of the project, who have combined for the purpose of securing the identitiL-ation of so interest- ing a spot, and of commemorating it by the erection of a suitable monument. Standing aa that monument does in the midst of these Exhibition Grounds, it will serve, I hope, year after year, to remind the thousands who frequent them of the achievements of those who have built up the fortunes of the City of Toronto upon a spot where com- paratively a short time ago the rough trading post of a foreign country was the only sign of approaching civilization, and to whosu eiibrts spread over successive cen- eraiions, you owe it that the solitude, the desolation, the dangers, the rude existence of the first settlers at this spot, have been replaced by the teeming population, the plenty and prosperity which we see around us on every side to-day. I esteem myself fortunate in having been called upon to undertake this task, and I have now much pleasure in dedicating this monument to the public of the City and Province." To adopt the word* of one of the many chroniclers of the day's proceedings, — His Excellency then " seized the lines and undid the veil, and in a moment the round shaft was exposed to the view of the spec- tators. The crowd greeted the disclosure with cheers, which were again and again heartily repeated" The monument, it is then added, which is after a design by Messrs. Langley and Burke, architects, is a plain, rounded column or shaft, having somewhat the appearance of a lighthouse. Including the rough mason work, which forms the base, it reaches the height ot thirty-two feet, and will be a conspiauous objt'ct of view from the bay. The stone is " Credit Valley Red," supplied from the quarries of Mr. K. Chisholm, of llramp- ton. It was executed, it should be sub- joined, at the works ot Mr. Lionel Yorke, on the Esplanade, and a tribute is due to the great practical skill of Mr. Vick, super- intendent of those works The follow- ing inscription appears on the north side of the pedestal : — t '4 ■i! ;g ' i.: I'ti* '<: '•J. I i ii I'll;' 9» LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Four Toru)NTo, AV lUniAM TKADINU I'OST, fdl; HOMK TIME KNOWN AS FORT KOmiJJC, WAS KSTABLISIIEU IIKKb A. I>. MU(X;\L1X., BY OUUKK OF LODIH XV. Thus a work of no .~linht importance waa liriiii^lit to a cloac. A site of coniiidtirahle liisiorical ai;,'iiilirii:ico Wft3 iloriiiitely tixi'd ;uul durably inarkiid for tlio s,'r.uilication of ti>(;ul i-c.-iiilontH und tho inforiuation ot the L'aiiudiiiii public generally And in d-jing this a notable niUlitioii wan niaJo to the uirTaciioiis of the parks and drives of To- loiuo, a moiiuiiiuui.al ol)ject l)einjj se; up by the wayai :e in one of tlium, calciilatuil U) atimulato a wholesome curiosity in tho minds of all beholder!), usp«;ciiil)y in tho minds o: tho many inleilii^Liii f)erMons. younj; and old, who are drawn to tho Cajiilal of tiio i'rovinco on })artiuular ooua- siona ycur aficr year ; a nionumuntal ob- jtrct, uciititH'd, when it ial subscribers. TIIK lUKNTITY OK TIIK SITK VKUIl lED. An account of the writer's intimate ai' qiidntance with the site of the old French trading post known as Fort Toronto i.s given at hu .,'(1 in the memoir. As to tho perfect accuracy of that s.ite, as marked by the o1j« liak wiiich has lieen erected thereon, tWj ]iaiticulars relating thereto should be men tioned for the more complete sati.if.iciion of every visitor to liiis historical spoi. It h.u been already noted in tliis memoir that th« original provincial land surveyor, Au iju.uua Jone.i, set it down m ids field book now jireserveil in the Crou n l.aiuU' Depariinenl. Turoiuo, that he ran the division lino bctwetni lots ;!i) and .'U, " about two chains westward of liu- remains of the old French FiTt,' which di- vision line is now represented by the iho- rouyhfare known as Dufi'eriu avenue. Out, of curiosity and just to tost tho primitiva burvuyo 's remark, tho writer a few years since, but subs»-(|uent to the erection of tlie obelisk, aacom{)anied by a friend, tool; thi; crouiile actua ly to measure with a regular surveyor's chain, the distance of two chains casi-ward from Dufl'erin ave. and this dis- tance, ne was pleased but not surprised to find, brou^iii him and his friend precisely CO the spot marked by the obelisk, thus showing how correct was the old surveyor i eye. The second interesting particular is tlie following :— in the course of certain excava- tions in the Kxiiibition Park m.»de in con- nection witli tho panocomic display in IS'Jl, a discovery was made of what there can be little doubt was a burial plot aj^pertainiui,' to the old French Fort Toronto. A number of skeletons were found laid in the ground. for the most part with regularity, showing tha' they were deposited in a place set apart for 'sepulture, some of them encased in cotliiis, and some noc. The situation of the burial plot is exactly north of the monument at a distance of al out one hundred yards. Here wore probably to be seen the remains of all those who had died at the old Flench Forr Toronto, during its brief existence from 1749 to 1759. The two particulars just narrated, amounting we may say to a positive demonstration, should be eapecially noted, inasmuch as the proprie- tors of the land immediately west of Dufferin street liave endeavored to throw discredit on the site in the Exhibition Park mar> ed by the obelisk, in consequence of the di»> a <5@ '%: -=>> rS^i;* ., ,'■ ;« i -^ )D^ lop. lOL eofery on thi Mill e*dar ^up which tiM ooy cliff or wlge o wu* hastily cc of tlie old Kn on the land I'ort lioaiUe i origin of the is well knowr quite recent t juH weil-rc C'au.vla Collej Mr. Duffy at visablc to ren Dorthward, ii tered aiiiiati w»ter. The 1 WM long a c( side of DufTer street just he niisletnling, ii tinuc. to give tiie pronuuci popular orga igaal to the t Iiiiuid doulile Tiie result is oft n obliged oi Rouille iut in th" memoi Coant de Joi timi! being at having his no trailing post vailod in ap Toronto, tl familiar as a ha.5 often bee was 80 siyled w&s establis! derived not : tins loealiiy, Lb,' -a Simcoe plaue of iiieel comiuonly sp dial'jct spoke word Toron Sugtu'd's diel and not to hoine was no the south ai possible that may occur ol for example, cut meaning In the sun tion surroun posts and a ot the whole improved. ^rni LANl'MARKo OF TORONTO. 7» (Ofrry on ik»t land of » wuftll disosed well tn(i. Mr. Duffy at a lutor period found it ad- visable to remove hi.i bouse a short distaiicu aorthward, in < rdcr to be m a more aUel- (ersd situation, further away from the water. The lumso waa removed bodily, and was long a conspicuous object on the west tide of DufTerin ivvc The name Fort llouitit street just here, bc.iide.4 being confuaiiij^ and iiUAlcading, is lively, if allowed to con- tmuc, to give perni:kueucu to a Imrbarism in tlie pronunciation of a French word, the pupalar organs of speech bein^ r, ittio un- t |aal to tbe task of pro:f .^i ■n 734 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. das street and A'eston road, this last then known as the Plank road, was dense bush land throu<:;h wliich few people either cared or attempted to pass. Where Mr. IJrimer now resides on Davenport road was a large rough-cast house, (since dostrojed by fire) standing, as do.-s the present one, in a spacious garden and occupied by Mr. Samuel Thompson, who was well known as a poli tician and writer of no mean literary abil ity. He died in Toronto in 1886, just after h« had completed and published a delightful volume of reminiscences. About a quarter of a mile to the north-west of Mr. Thompson's resi- dence, on the road leading to Weston, where it is intersected by what is now called St. Clair avenue, were four or five Hmall houses, boundary of the farm known as Aikenehaw occupied by Colonel £dward U'illi.ini Thomson from 1S44 — when ho erected tlie large red brick house, which is still stand ing— until his death in 1865. Colonel Thomson was one of the 8ur»irors of the war of 1812, 1813, 1814, and for some time held a seat in Parliament. He was, thoui^h, far roorj eminent as an agricul- turist than as a politician and valued his position as chair inuu of the Board of Agriculture for Upper Can- ada much more tiian any political distinc- tion he might gain. It is worthy of re- mark that Colonel Thomson's house was the first brick resiJenee of any description erected on Dundas street between Toronto and the|Humber. On the nitienshaw property COL THOMSON S VKOl'EUTY. a blacksmith's shop, and a very small gro- cery store. These houses were on the edge of the woods, in which abounded red and black sijuirrels as well as great numbers of chijiniunks. The land for the Grand Trunk Railway 'V-is then (1854) in course of survey, but the lino was not cut through until 1856, nor Carlton station erected until 1857. V\ liat is now Keele street ran as u concession fn^ni the present St. (lair avenue to Dundas street, and forn.od the eastern there were no houses whatever exceptim: the Colonel'! residence and out biii!ainL;> : indeed there was in IS5:{ one plot oi iuit^li land of eight acres forming a portion of tlie propel ty, which was not finally cleared until 1850. Opposite Col. Thomson':i resi- dence on Dundas street was a modiMMtely sized rough (.ast dwelling, which '.vaa oi-cii- pied by Mr. William Kccle, a son of Mr \V. C. Kcielc, whom we shall presently refer to. William Keele farmed the a(lj< ining -'-- Mr LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 7W Iftail of perhaps fifty acres, but in IS.'jo and lSr)G he leased a larc;e portion of the pro- perty to» joint stock company for the pur- pose of forming a race course. This latter, known as the Carlton race ground, was opened for sport in the spring of 1857, and in the following year had the honour of Royal patronage, Htr .Majesty giving a sum of money to be run for by horses under a certain age bred in Canada. The course had a very brief existence, com- paratively, as it was finally closed in 1872. What we now know aa Kosle street ex- tended on the south side of Dundas street for perhaps eight hundred yards until it reach- ed the rough-cast house occupied by Mr. \V. C. Keelc, where it stopped short ill the midst of a dense undergrowth of oak and other trees. Mr. Keele. from whom this the locality. He was for a long time (excepting the farmers) the only employer of labour in the neighbourhood, he having ex- tensive brick yards on Dunaas street, near the Plank road, and was besides the first owner of nearly all the laud in the vicinity. He was a man of strong prejudices, yet capable of deep af- fection, and under a somewhat rough man- ner had a very kind heart. He whs one of the inhabitants of York who iu 181,~) signed the address of welcome to Lieutenant-Gov- ernor (J ore, on the return of the latter from England to resume the reins of i^overnnient. He died in Toronto in 1860, at the great aje of 87 years, leaving a large number of des- cendants. fJetween the cottage we have just ra- I ferred to and the I'eacock tavern — the MK. SCARLKTTS IlOUSK—RtJNNYMF.DK- DUNDAS STRKKT. Street takes its name, s\as a soli( itor of high character and repute. He published more than one legal handbook, which had a large sale. On the southwest corner of Keele and j Dundas street stood the Swan tavern ; we Atf sorry to aa,j it was not regarded as being , ck i^reat blessing to the neighbourhood. On i the opposite corner, towards Toronto, on the 8»me side, stood a new red brick cottage built by Mr. .Tohn Scarlett, wiioaiao erected in 1838 the rough-cast house known as Runnyinede, still standing on the north side ot Dundas street to the extreme west of the town. Mr. Scarlett may, indeed, be regard - fi as the father of Toronto Junctioi, ; he built almost, if not the Tery first house in latter long since pulled down and replaced by a hotel of the same name — were some few cottagesaiidMr. Seaj' itt'sbrick yards. There was a blacksmith's shop exactly opposite the Peacock, and when we say there was one small seneral store near the brick fields we have described Torcnito Junction as it wis in 1853 with tolerable accuracy. There was no provision whatever at this perio-s were to be 28 in namlMr, and quite a iar .e quantity of timber wars required for tbetr erection. A letter in the archives from the captain of the Royal Engineers at Quabec Kivos details of the work to be done to make tiM colonial regiment cooifortable. It reads ; — QuKBKc, 8th Ocspober, 1792. Estimate ot expence vi ersctiiig twenty eight log houses for the accommodation for the corps of Queen's Rangera, at the west landing, ordered by His Excellency Colonel Simcoe, 20th August, 1792, from the report of Lieut. Pilkington, Royal Engineers. Each house to be 24 feet by 10 in the clear. Eight for tlie officers. Fourteen tor the men. Three for au Hospital. Two mt'ss and cooking houses for the otScers. One for a bake house. £ s d Carpenters 70 00 00 Masons 20 it W Glaziers 1 15 Ol' Smiths 3 18 t) 93 IS ti Materials necessary Six hundred logs, 20 feet each, 9 in. diam. One thou.'jind logs, 20 feet each, 9 in. diiim. Four hundred logs, 14 feet each, for rafters. Nine hundred lifty i^ in. pine plank. Six hundred 1 j in lioards. Eleven hundred fifiy in. boards. Six thousand '20d nails Seventeen thousanJ lOd nails. Fifty-six tliousaud shingles. Eighty'foar thousand shingle nails One hundred eighty nine barreU lime Five thousand four 1 uudred bricks Four hundred twenty-six panes glass Forty-eigiit lbs putty Nineteec pieces flat iron, 6 feet long each. Eight pieces do, 5 feet long each. Eighteen pieces square iron 6 feet long each. Twenty-eight pair hooks and straps Four hundred and forty eight fectruuniug 3 ia. oak plank, 8 iu. broad. .- H i ■I II- i ' I 1 - 11 i a p S- il'^Ji lii w 1 h'-[ ' I '■'; i 1: 738 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Amounting to ninety-tive pounds, eighteen shillings and sixpence currency. Bknj. Fish BR, Capt. Commanding Royal Engineers. Approved. (Sifned,) Alcred Clark k. Estimate of the expense of erecting twenty-eight log houses for the acconmioda- tion of the corps of Queen's Rangers at the West Landing, as per Captain Fisher's esti- ma»e, dated Quebec, 8th October, 1792, £ I. d. GOO logs, 26 feet each 9 in. diam. at 5s each 150 1,000 logsSO feet each, 9 in. diam atSsench 250 400 logs, 14 feet each, for rafter*, at r-ia each 100 9')0 feet 1<: inch pine plank, at la .Sd eachi' 59 7 6 600 } inch boards, at Is !Sil each, . . 30 1,1.")0 1 inch do, at Is each 57 10 6,(X)0 20a nails at 14s per M .., 4 4 IT.vlOO lOd naiU at lU^ y>.:v M S 10 56,000 shin-iles at 4r)s per M 12() 84,00C shingle nails at :U Od per M 14 14 189 barrels of lime al ',»j eacii 8.') 1 5.400 bricks at 60s per M 16 4 426 panes of ylas^s al 6d each 10 l."{ 48 pounds of putty at lOd 2 19 pieces of flat iron, 6 ft. lon^ each, at 5s each 4 15 8 pieces of flat iron, 5 ft, long each, at 4s each 112 IS pieces square iron, 6 ft. long each, at .5s each 4 10 28 pairs hooks and straps at 4s pr. pair 5 12 448 feet 3 in. oak plank, 8 in. broad, at 4d per ft 7 9 4 9.38 1 10 John- Craioie, A. C. Estimate of making such repairs and ad- ditions at N ivy Hall as are requisite for the accommodation of his E.xoellency Colonel iSimeor, ordered bv kim 26tl> July, 171(2, from the report of Lieut. I'ilkington, Royal Engineer. £ a. d. Carpenters' work H • Evicklavers' and plasters' IS Smiih.i'". 2 5 (ilazicrs* 2 Painters' { 2 Labourers' 12 116 5 inch boards. 24,001) shingles. 7,000 laths 150 lbs. .30d nails. 50 lbs, 20d nails. 281) lbs. lOd nails. 25 Us. 8d nails. 40U shingle nails. 140 lbs. lathing nails, lbs. 5 inch spikes. 180 barrels lime. 7,000 bricks. Ib.s. 200 25 60 lbs stucco. whiting. .3.32 panes glass. 64 lbs. 36 lbs. white paint. 6 lbs. blue 12 lbs brown paint. 4 lbs black 7 gallons linseed oil. 1 gallon turpentine. 6 lbs. fig blue. 12 Ibn. 2 stock locks. 12 door locks. 3 pad bushels hair. 25 lbs. putty. paint. paint. spirits glue. locks. 12 pair H hinges. 12 pair H hinci j. 12 window bolts. 12 door bolts. 16 do/cn screws. 18 sashes and catches. ^ ewt. small square iron. .^ cwt. small flat iron. Four sheets iron. Amounting to one hundred and si.xteen pounds, five shillings, currency. BKN.t. Fisher, Capt. Comdg. R. Engra. Approved Signed, Alured Cl-Arke, A.C. Estimate for above — £357 Os 2d. currency. John t raiiui:, Com. 4 Q. M. General, A.C , QuruKC, 8th October, 17'.»'2. Estimate of the expense in buihtiiu' an oven for the use of the corps of Queeh's Rangers at the West Landing, ordered Ijy His Excellency Colonel Simcoe, 20th August, 1792, from the report of Lieut. Pilkington, Royal Engineer. < Masons and bricklayers. .£3 lOs. OJ. Smiths £0 73. 6d. Labourers £ 1 15c. Od. Maicrlah necessary: — 600 feet round pine, 6 by 8 in round scantling, 5 by 6. •caBlling, 4 l)y 5. 100 1^^ in. boards. 2,000 feet 4,000 feet round 3St) H in. pine plank. 300 ioeh boards GOOj} £5 12s G^t Materials — 7,500 bricks, 45 brls. liin!, 15 batteaux loads sand, one peice, 2.^ in. Hat iron, Oft. lon^, 6 sheets iron, and I'Jlhs. rod iron. Total value — £5 12s. 6d cur- rency. B. FisiiEit. Estimate of the expenco of sundry materials for the building of an oven for the use of corps of the York Ram'ers at the West Landing required in Caplnin Fisher's estimate of the SthOctobei, 17ii-. £ e. I. 7,500 brick, at 60s per thd 22 10 45 brls lime at 68 per brl 20 .") 15 batteaux loads of sand at 10s 7 10 i 1 jiiece 24 in. flat-irwn, 6 ft. long, at 53 5 6 sheets of iron at 4a 1 4 onour to be, your most obadieut and most faithful humble servant, Aluked CIu\rke. CliAl'lKR CC'XVllI. A^HAT SIMCOE WROTE OF YORK, U« Fitness us nn Ar«rnnl The I'ruposals to ForUI'y ibc I'lnce. Lieut. -Governor Simcoe thought agreat deal of the old town of York, now ' oroiito. Had his original intention been carried out we should have hail iiuito a fortification on the Island at the west point. Simcoe, in writing to Lord Duudas, says : — 28th April, 1792 "Toronto appears to be the national arsenal of Lake Ontario, and to afford an easy access over laud to Lake Huron." The proposal to fortify the Island is given in detail. The block house referred to was erected at dlibraltar Point, a hundred feet north of Hanlan's. Stone was nor. usad, but in all other regards the description of the block house is accurate. For many yea b it was thought that the block house was near the light house, but thi-i letter elFectually disposes of this statement, for the blocK house " wholly commands the entrance to the harbor." The letter is written by Lieut, Pilkington, an otHcer of the Royal Engi- neers. It reads : — Niagara, 6th Sept., 1793. Sir, — Pursuing the idea of occupying Point liihraltar with a cavalitr or stone re- doubt, for commanding the entrance into the harbour of York, serving also in a more general view of a system for the defence of the place and for the immediate purpone of (iovernment, for depositing naval and mili- tery stores in the greatest securi'y, with the smallest garrison ; I beg to oifer a square block-house, fifty-eight feet in the clear, the lower part coi oisting of a powdsr magazine and store roonm and the upper part lo servo ') i .'.>■ i^ :l 740 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ! ' I * ;S ,!'' as barrac!;a. The lower storey under part of the upper, forming the breastwork of a battery iii barbet, to be of masonry, the re- maining part of the second storey of log work, grooved into uprights, removable in caae of any emergence. The whole of the lower part to be made bomb-proof, by tim- bers supported by pillars'and^the party walls, and for the greater security of the powder, the magafine, with the passages leading to it, to be arched with brick. As the proposed position of the work is not subject to any fire on the north side but from the harbour, it will be advisable to have the entrance on that side, and as the lower part of the building may serve for barracks in case of any attack, it may be expedient also to have the same side constiucted so as to admit of the requigite light and air on such an occupation. The best side wholly commands the entrance to the harbour, and the south a narrow beach leading; to the ex- treme point of the land forming the harbour ; on the east side there is an advantageous position against the proposed work, which though detached by unfordable waters it may be necessary to occupy or remove. The probable expcuss of the blockhouse IB for workmanship only, as a considerable share of attention will be requisite to the foundations. I estimate at seven hundred and eighty-five pounds sterling, considering the labouring part, to be perforniea chiefly by the military ; of the expense of the materials I cannot at present form any precise idea, but it may be concluded from the facility with which stone, lime and timber may be procured, they will be obtainable at a very reasonable rate. I have the honour to be, sir. Your Excellency's most obediert and very humble servant, Robert Pilkington. To His Excellency Col. Simcoe. THE TOWN A.ND ARSENAL AT YORK. Simcoe was very anxious to hurry forward the settlement of York. The broken front referred to the lands facing the bay and lake shore. Simcoe writes : — iii, !• (Jarrison purposes as well as to prevent t.*'.e e Altering of the inhabitants in Buch sii^uatioBC as their fancy or interest might induce them, which would ever pre- vent that compactness in • town which it seems proper to establish ; two or three of the front concessions are therefore granted in this township, and the reserves will be made in the back lands, but reserves will bo made near this Harbour, of Timber, which must in time berome valuable, as it is pro> posed to furnish from hence all that may be wanted in the fortresses on the Lakes." (iovcrnor Simcoe thought that York had advantages over Kingston. He proposed to winter the fleet at York and erect buildin'^s for naval purposes. These buildingd stood on the bay shore, south of John street, and were afterwards the commissary buildiDgs They were of frame and clap-boarded. When ori^iinally erected they were ot logs Simcoe says in his letter to Lord Dundas :— lie Arsenal at York— Simcoe to Diinda.^. Sept 20, 179.1. "lalso enclose for your inspection an actua survey of the Harbour of York ( late Toronto) the proper naval and military ar.senal of Lake Ontario, and, in a great measure of Upper Canada. The port of Kingston, which is at the mouth of the River St. Lawrence, is, from its e.\teut and situation absolutely indefensible, and by being constantly frozen up during the winter is certaiuly liable at that season to be destroyed, as it is at no great distance from the United States. " I propose, therefore, that the winter station of the Fleet, and the refitting jiost, and such naval buildings as may be want ing, be at York. This post is at a great distance from the foreign shore, is cajjable if being easily defended, and the grants of laud having been made by the present Gov- ernment, suflicient care has been taken that great reservations of timber should be made for naval purposes. The floating ice (and a bridge which it makes from the islands uea- Kingston to the Continent) prevents the shipping in that harbour, as well as in that of Niaijara, from sailing for several days in the spring when it is practicable to be at sea from York." When the war with France occurred Sim- coe felt that the Rangers would be better at York — so he writes to Lord Du'^das : — " Upon the first news of the rupture with France, I determined to withdraw the Queen's Rangers from the unhealthy vicinity of Niagara, where they were encamped, and to occupy York. 1 submitted to the Com- mande. -in-Chief my intentions and desired his sanction to authorize me to construct a Block Honse to defend the entranoe of the harbour, detailing to him its properties and the security it would a^ord to the Civil Government of the Province, at the same time stating in the capacity of Civil Governor that was 1 not obedient to his authority I LANl MARKS OF TORONTO. 741 should certainly occupy and in some dei;;ree secure that- post, for the residence of the Civil officers of the Government, and that the only protection of the country should not depend on such a miserable fortress as Niagara, situated vrithiu the Line of the United States." THK FIRST PARLIAMENT HOUSE. In the same letter Gov. .'^imcoe writes con- cerning the Rangers and their houaini: and .^Iso gives us important information as to the meeting place of the first Legislature. 7be store houses referred to were part of the Navy Hall property. Another paragraph ia the letter refers to the harbor of York, and also to the fact that merchants were buying lots in the pioneer town. This was surely the first land boom. Gov. Simcoe writes : — Re Qneen'3 liaTigers' Barracks, sam' letter. Last year I hutted the Queen's Rangers as well as possible near to Niagara, and I fitted up the king's barracks and store houses to contain the offices of Government ftud to accommodate tbe Legislature of the Province, who must for some time have their annual assembly at that place. These tem- poraiy buildings I thought it a great public saving to refit, as it is most probab e they will be required hereafter for various Govern- menlal purposes, or sold advantageously for the public benelit. The occupation of the harbour of York I totally take upon my.self in the capacity of Civil Governor, and i sliould forthwith pro- ceed on the storehou.sea which I propose to erect, as is most necessary for the public .service, but at the same time I eing con- vinced that, as permanent storehouses may be so built as to contribute essentially to the strength of this important post and the whole colony, and the incorporating such a military purpose into the arrangement of what is necessary to preserve the public stores, bringing it under the cognizance of the I]oard of Ord- nance, I feel much embarrassed. Lieut. Pilkington^ the Engineer, has fur- nished his estimate of the aggregate of the expense which the purposed storehouses and block house will cost, and which I lieg to submit for your consideration. Having thus, sir, entered into the system which I consider as absolutely necessary for the de- fence and security of the Province intrusted to my charge. Mercltanta buying lots in York. I hope to complete the military street (through the province) in the ensuing autumn The merchants and traders have already turn- «d their eyes to this communication and ob- tained lots in York upon such a speculation; this will be greatly increased when it shall be fully understood that it is much mors easy of access than uniform reports and fre- quent enquiries had given room to imagine. CHAPTER CCXIX. OLD NIAGARA. The Sccords ia tta« ArektTes— ▲ Uescrip- tlon of r«H Rlagarft ta 17*0. The records in the Archive Department at Ottawa are of gr eat value to all who are in- terested in the earlier history of the coun- try, especially the western part of Canada. In the correspondence of 1790 there is a letter from Ralfe Clench, a member of a well- known Niagara family. His letter is dated Nassau, 28th August, 1790, and is written to John Johnson, Bart, Navy Hall. The letter gives Sir John information regarding the purchase of part of the Six Nations country by some Americans. Tho lands seem to have been near the Grand River. The pioneers of Canada prior to 1791 very frequently addressed and headed their cor- respondence with the name of the district in which they were located. In 1788, by proclamation of Lord Dor- chester, that part of Canada west of the Ottawa was formed into four districts, viz. Lunenburg, extending from the Ottawa to to the river Gananoque ; Mccklinburg, from the (Jananoque to the Trent ; Sassiu, from the Trent to Long Point on Lake Erie ; and Hessa, which included the remainder of Canada to the ;~t. Clair. In 1791 the Constitutional Act was introduced into the House of Lords for the further adjustment of Canadian matters. By this .> ct Canada was divided into two provinces by a line drawn from Point-au- Baudet, on Lake St. Francis, to Point Fortune on the Ottawa, thence along the course of that river to its head waters and the southern limit of the Hudson Bay Terri- tory. " Following this a correspondence giving a description of -Fort Niagara, which in 1790 was in Caniida, but by the treaty was hand- ed over to the United States. The account is contained in a letter written by Mathews to Nepean : — Mathf.ios to Nepran. " Fort Niagara is situated upon an angle formed by the lake and river ; the side next the land has two half bastions with a long curtain and ravelin, all of sod work ; there is a strong stockade in the ditch, which is dry, and on the Benn (?) a smaller line of pickets sloping outwards ; there arc two block houses of mason work in the gorges of the bastion, mounting each two pieces of cannon, en barbette, which commands the I !l I 742 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. li M wiiole country within thair range. The sides next the lake and river are stockaded, and on the opposite side of the river ar« two bastions, mounting 12 and 18 pounders, the uholo in a good state of defence." rpi CHAPTER CCXX. A PROVOST MARSHAL IN 1777. Miles PrcHtlce and tbe Jndge. One of the well-known names in the city of Quebec from 1759 60 until 1787 was Miles Prentice, the Provost Marshal of Quebec, Prentice was a popular fellow. He kept tbe Freemasons' Tavern and also the Sun Tavern in the ancient city, and it was his niece that came within an ace of marriage with Lord Nelson when he was commander of the Albemarle, lying at Quebec. An old reoord has turned up in the Archives Department at Ottawa, concerning Prentice and a man named Giroux. It appears that Prentice, as Provost Marshal, had lUroux and his wife under arrest and locked up in jail. The chief justice, it appears, thought that the pair should be liberated. Preatice thought ditfcrently. In order to bring matters to a focus, the chief had an interview with Pren- tice, in which the latter was very emphatic and would not yield He said : On Saturday mo jiiig, the 4th instant, .Vr. Livins met me ncui' the PostolBce and de- sired that I would turn back to my house ; he wanted to speak to me and called for a private room for that purpose. The iirst question Mr. Livins asked was, "Have you not a man and his wife in your prison ?" I answered I had, upon which he said, '" I should be glad to know the man's name and how his name is spelled ?" I answered I could not tell him exactly, but would look for the commitment. When I had found it Mr. Livins took down the mans name on a piece of paper, with pen and ink, and I believe the whole, or at.least a part, of the commitment, after doinc; which he told me, " I had no right or authority to imprison them on thefe commitment, as it appeared to him to be a very odd one and as a military Provost Martial he thought I had no right to receive any other prisoners than those belonging to the military." I then made answer that any prisoners sent to me from the General or Lieutenaut-Ciovernor I would take them in charge, or even front him, till such time as they were examined. H« then said, " I had no right to reoeivt any prisoners from him, except thro' compliment, as I was only Provost Martial to the Army." I answered that I knew I was not Provost Martial for the Province of Quebec in the civil way, but that I was Military Provost Martial for tha City of Quebec and its dependencies, upoa which the discourse ended for that time. On Sunday, the 5th, about 5 o'clock in the evening, Mr. Livins sent his servant, who informed me his master wanted to speak to me ; when I arrived at his lodgings, I was conducted into bis study, and as soon as he asked me if the man and his wife were released I told him they were not ; hu then said he would send me an order that they '* should be brought before him, and when examined, if ho found sufficient reason for so doing, he would commit them to the common jail and give them a trial, and if fouml guilty, have a public example made of them," to which I answered that. I would not deliver them without an order from the Lieutenant-Governor; he then saiU, *' If I would not deliver them upon hia order," as Chief Justice of this Province, " he would be under the necessity of com- mitting me to jail :" upon which I replied, that I was fifty years of age, and had never yet been confined an hour ; he then added, " I do not understand that people should be put into prison by any person and there kept in confinement during pleasure." (Signed) Miles I'rentice. Quebec, 6th October, 1777. Personally appeared before me. Miles Pren- tice, of the City of Quebec, and made oath on the Holy Evangelists to the truth of the foregoing declaration. (Signed) Thos. Scott, C. P, Endorsed — Miles Prentice's, Provost Mar- tial, Declaration under Oath, 6th Oct., 1777. Am Old Military Retarn. In the Archives Department at Ottawa there is an old return of the c arrison at Que bee and at Three Rivers in 1776. Tliere were but few regulars at Quebec, but no lesst than eleven regiments and four companies of artillery at Three Rivers. BETPRX OF RKQIMKNTS IN G.A.RRISON AT QOEBKO, MAY 1, 1776. No. Royal Fusi^ers 67 Royal Emigrants 177 Corps of Seamen 358 Marines 30 Artificers, &o 77 British Militia 277 Canadian Militia 508 Company of Invalids 55 Total 1,566 FORCES AT THRBB RIVERS, JUNE 1, 1776. 9th, 20bh, 21st, 24tb, 2dth, Slst, 34th, 47th, 53rd, 62nd, 1st Batt. Royal Emigrants 4 companies Royal Artillery. Iljf "W ■ 1 '., ' .■' ' "' : ., > ; . ' ■ 1 ■ -'i 1 ' ' . '::, ;'■ ;;' •ii •- |i, ; ;-:r,* 1 :. . !■ li '- :i: ^ ■ ;: : ; i JIJ i ,- .5 ' ■ J-; ^^C:-' ' -^'^^ " (■ '""^'"J^» ;ii ^ T1 '-t ■'. !• i *!;■■ m ' Id Volume I. UPPER CANADA GAZETTE. O R AMERICAN ORACLE. THURSDAY, April i8, 1793. >»s3a«6aa««»s»«d»a»ss3.s.**«*as^a.s^ JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE. PROCLAMATION far llufi f frf f o* of Vice, Pnfnnrfi (£> Immnraiity, ■ T HII ExcttLIKCT 10JIN 'GRAVES aiMCOE, Efquirc, liiwlnuKl Ontmr tf CMmA iUmmMdin^ Hii Mtjrfy'i Ftrai, iilJf IVoviorf of Vjifir CunaJ.i, WHEREAS il iit::e Indifprnrblt duty of all Prople, md more ' erpceiillyorillC'hrifii.n N. to trefcrvr >nd idvince the Hoiiat ind enicC'of Alni^lity Cod) >iid to difcoiuage ind luppred all Vir'e, WeCancn^ri ::)d lir.i::anlilyi *hlch Knot timety i)te»«l»ed may juflly drjwdown ihr Divine Vengeance upon Uund our Country! And Hh MajtPy Ibaving for tne -promotion of Virtue, and in leiid-ftitis to the beft Intertfla of Hi« Ciibjecu, givtn cd.iinund fot caufing all Uwimade ap.iiifi Blafplif myi Piofinr.ie j, Aduliny, FomlcJilon. rolysimy, ln:-'l, Praf.oriherice, on the fiif) iiy of every Seflion to be held in the courfe of the prefent year, and more ef- pecitlly ill fuch ol His MajeDy't Courti, as have the Cog;niLance of Crimes and Olfcncet ; recommending the fame, toall Chriliian Minifiersof every denomination, to caufe the fame Proclamation to be read four times in the faid year, immedtatrly afcr Divine Service, in •ill placn of'^^Public Worlhip, and that they do their ut- roofi Endeavour, to incite their refpeftive Auditors to the prafiiceof Ping and increafing indications which have appeared there ol an intention tt) excite difturtiancet in' other countries, to difregard the rights of neutral nations, and lopurfue views of con- .)uefl and agrundiaeinenti as well at' to adopt towrds my allies the States General (who have obferved the faui neutrality with myfelf ) meafures which are neither con- formable to the law of nations, nor to the pofitive 111. pjlatiantafexifting Itealies. Underall thefe circumflan- ce> I have felt it my. indifpcnfible duty to hive tecourf'- to Ihofe meant of prevention and internal defence wiiii which 1 am entruRed by law ; and I have ilfo thought it right to take fteptfor making fome augmentation ot° jny naval and military force, being perfuided that thef.: exertions are necelfiry in the prefent flate of affairs, and ire befl calculated both tomamtain internal tranquility, and to render a firm and temperate conduA efiettual fur pteferving the blefUngs of peace. Nothing will be neglefted on my part that can contri- butetothat important oLieA,conrilienllywj.llKbefeciirity of my kingdoms.nnd tvith the faitfull performance of en- pgrmcnts which we axe bound equally by ioiereft and hunnur to iuILl, KACSIMII,K OV KIHST PACIE OF FIIIST OPPEK CANADA tJAZETTK. Op. 743 8 10 12 9 8 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 743 CHAPTER CCXXL EARLY PRINTINQ. The CcnleaaUl cf tke FInl Newapaper In I'pper Canada— Th* Fint Order tor Paper and Type. The Upper Canada Gazette was tba firife newspaper publiahea in Upper Canada, It was issued at Niafjata. or Newark, on tha 18th April. 1793. Louis Roy was tha printer. He was from Lower Cauada The paper was a folio in size, each page bein^; 15 by 9 inches. It was three dollars per unuum. The following was the tirst order given for type, which was imported speci- ally from England in 1792 93. The record is from the Archives department at Ottawa. Hequmtion Type for Priming Office, U. C. 1 fount of Brevier Roman, 250 lbs. 1 fount of Brevier Italic, 100 lbs. 1 fount of Long Primer Roman, 350 lbs. 1 fount of Long Primer Italic, 250 lbs. 1 fount of Pica Roman, 300 lbs. 1 fount of Pica Italic, 200 lbs. 1 fount of Great Primer Roman, 150 lbs. 1 fount of Great Primer Italic, 100 lbs. 1 fount of Double Pica Script, 2U0 lbs. 1 fount of Small Pica Black, 100 lbs. Also the following alphabets of two-line letters : 5 alphabets of 5- line Pica. of 21ine English. of 2-line Small Pica. of 2-liue Long Primer. of 2- line Brevier. of 2-line Pica. of 2- line Great Primer. N. 6. — The letter founder is requested in castingthese new founts to castfigures, braces, rules, fractions, references, small capitah, etc., and also signs of the zodiac, planets, aspects, etc., and u complete assortment of flowers, King's coat of arms, for folios and for quartos ; beside some ornamented forts and woods, quotations, etc. Stationery :— 40 resims of Crown paper. 80 teams of demi. 20 reams ot foolscap. 20 reams of printing post. 6 reams of 4th gilt post. 3 reams wrapping post. 1 ledger and day book. 2 barrels iuk. of paper was sent for 1792, of good quality, but for the Gazette bundles of demy were ordered, and accordingly a requisition was sent to Ens;- land for a supply. The old manuscript reads : Requisition for stationery for the Govern- ment printing office of Upper Canada, for the year 1793. 6 bundles of printing demy. 8 reams of printing crown. 7 8 10 12 9 8 A supply which was 10 reams of priuting pott 8 reams of folio foohcap, plain. 8 reams of folio post, plain. 9 reams of quarto post, plain. 4 reams of quarto post, gilt. 6 reams of quarto post, blackedge. Niagara, Nov. 4th, 1892. Signed, L()(Ji» Roy, Printer. Prior to 1800 the Gazette was removed from Niagara to York. Th« printers were within sight of a libel suit tor publishing a letter reflecting on a very worthy citizen of York, Mr. William Allan, tha founder of Moss Park, and the father of the Hon. G. W. Allan. The publishers of the Gazette had inserted a letter from "A Farmer" reflecting on Mr. Allan, and that gentleman promptly called the attention of the Governor to the fact. The printers evidently made matters rigli. for they were not dismissed, but con- tinued the publication of the paper. The complaints were made the subject of a special meeting of the Executive Council. The minutes read : — ConNciL Chamber at Yokk. 25th March, 1800. Pkesent : The Hon. John Ehnsley, Chief Justice. The Hon. Peter Russell. The Hon. iSneus Shaw. Mr. Allan, a merchant in York, com- plained of an article inserted in the Gazette of the 22nd inst, and signed " A Farmer ' which states him to be a candidate for the County of York at the ensuing elec- tion. Mr. Allan stated that the assertion is entirely without foundation, and is apprehensive that if it reaches the persons with wliom he is connected in the Lower Province, and is uncontradicted, it may very materially affect his interests. The Board conceives that the printers are highly culpable in having inserted an article in their paper without authority. But on looking at the rest of the article, it thinks it absolutely necessary to direct the Chief Justice immediately to transmit the paper to his Excellency, with the request of the Board that the printers be immediately dismissed from their office, and that his Excellency will avail himself of his present situation to procure some other person to be King's Printer. Minutes 25th March, 1890. Read a petition from Messrs. Waters and Simons, King's Printers, acknowledging their error in having inserted in the Gazette of last Saturday, an essay, signed "A Farmer," and throwing themselves upon his Kxcellency's clemency for forgiveness. Rccommendr^d, that the Chief Justice be directed to transmit a copy of this petition to his Excellency. ! ''":1 :::i I ^4 ] ii ~'i ^. 1 V:^ ■i| ' 1 ■ il>' 1 ife'' wS ill 744 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. i|. ? \' -If CHAPJER CCXXII. THE PROVINOE^^B GREAT SEAL- An lateremiug Memo. UftpcctluK the Hmmt, l*Ul«)ll 17!'.'. lu 1792 a seal for tho I'lovinco of Upper Canada wau sent out by the Engliaii Ooveru* inenr to (jovernor Siuicoe. Warrant to Lieut. •Governor Simcoe/or uning Great Seal. CiEORdE R.— To our trusty and well boloredGuy, Lord Dorchester, Kuight of the Most Noble Order of the iiatli, uur Captnin-Gciieral and Governor-in( hijf of our Frovinct of Upper Canada in America, or to our Lieutenant- (iovernor in Canada or Commander-in-Chief of our said province tor the time being : Greeting — With this you will receive a seal prepared by our Order for the use of our iiaid Province of Upper (^anuda, tho same being engraven on the one &ide with a representation of Our Anchor and Sword upon a Ciiluniut of Peace •ncircled with a Crown of Olive, two Cornucopias, surmounted by an Imperial Crown and the Union of Great Hritain with this motto : — " Imperi Porreita Majestas Custode Rerum Cie3are,"aud thii inscription round the circumference, Sigill, Nos. Prov. Can. Sup and on the reverse our Arms in a Shield with the motto, and round the circumference our Titles. Our will and pleasure is, and wo do iere- by authorize and direct, that the said seal be used in sealing all public instruments, which shall be iiadti and passed in our name and for our service in and for our said Province of Upper Canada. Given at our Court of St. James, the twenty-eighth day of March, 1792, in tho thirty-second year of our reign, By His Majesty's Commander, Henry Dundas. Tbe Qnccn'fi Rnnscrs. In 1792 Governor Simcoe wrote to Lord Dundas announcing the arrival of the Queew's Rangers. He said : — Quebec, May 28, 1792. * I have|the pleasure to inform you that the transports John and I'etsy, with part of tho Queen's Rangers, arrived yesterday. " Afterwards the pioneer (Jovernor wrote as to hutting the Rangers at the new land- ing on the Niagara river. 'J his wus up at Queenston. He says : — Simcoe to Dundas, re Qu-en's Rangers. "1 shall be very happy, sir, when your com- munications with Lord Dorchester srhall enable you to decide upon the points which I have stated in my letter of the 17th of November last, and I hcpe for these specitic communicationi. My first object, ot course, has been done away by the very early arrival of the Queen's Rangers, without which cit . cumstance I could on no emersency havo acted in my military stations in the opinion of Major General Clarke." Simcoe to Dundas re York Queen'i Hangers " Upon mature deliberations I have founii it advisable to hut the Queen's Rangers at the now Landing upon the Niagara river, and early in the spring 1 hope to occupy u po.=it near to long point upon the Lake Eric, another at Toronto upon the Lake Ontario " lie York and Queen's llangirs— Simcoe to Dundas. '* I should consider any other rei^iments than the Queen's Rangers and com- pany of Royal Artificers remaining in tlii.s province, though tnost certainly very useful from their necessary expenditure and assist- ance in forming towns (the great defic ency in both the Canadas), by no means necessary in a military sense. '1 he Queen's Rangers are hutted, by great exertions, at the Niagara Landing, now Queenston. Mr. Street, an inhabitant of the place, chose to dispute the Right of the Land ; I directed the Attorney General to defend the suit, and judgment was given in favour of the Crown." In 1793 Simcoe determined to remove part of the Queen's Hangers to York. The letter with this fact is written by Governor Sim- coe to Lord Dundas, at London, Eng. He says : — i?e Queen's Rangers — Simcoe to Dundas. NiAOAR.\, 17 June, 1793. I mean without delo.y to take part with the Queen's Rangers at Toronto (or York) and shall take an early opportunity of ex- pressing my sentiments to you, Sir, upon that subject. Heading of k;/':,- from Simroe to King. York (i.atk Toki nto), Utper Canada, AucusT 22nd, 1793. Simcoe to Duv/p-^s. August 23ri), 1793 I havo determined to hut the Queen's Hangers and probably to remain with them this winter at this place. It pos.iesses many eminent advanta^'-.j, which I shall do myself the honour oi expatiating on at the lirst op- portunity. It will be noticed in the last letter that it is headed " York (late 'I oror.lo)." The term Toronto was not in use again ollicially until 1834, when the city was incorporated. I •' i Jim- He \DA, at It The ially ated. i B \ 4- ': fs I ■1- ■! ■ ', IKDHI ■Ir LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 745 CHAPTER CCXXIII. A NORTH-WEST CORNER. DiintliiH .Street Forty I'enr.t As insigniticani, buildings an' tuen on the same side of the ' ■■■■^ open fields for several hundred \ Xi ' ■■ The lane just mentioned, then, as now, was known us Rebecca street. The reason it obtained this name was that the laud it c'osses was purchased by a contractor who supplied wood to the garrison. He disputed the right of the road trustees to exact toll from his teams at the gate on Queen street, near its junction with i)unda8 street This ilispi'.tc caused a great deal of ill-feeling between the oontriciois men and the keep- ers of tlie gate, and coustaut quarreli 1,1,41 0. 'I.S f! I I.: H' l. 746 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. etiFued, And sometimes blows were iitxt- changed. Eventually the plot of ground over which Rebecca street runs was pur- chased and a lan« cut throus^h which afford- ed access from Dundas to Queen street, avoiding the hated gate Owing to these quar- rels the lane got locally known as Rebecca street, after the Rebeccaites, who in South Wales in 1843 systematically destroyed toll- gates and bars. The reason they took the name of Reb^^ccaites was in allusion to the reference contained in Genesis, 24, 60. On the western side of Dundas street, as far as where Ossington avenue now begins, were ■mall market gardens, two good-sized dwel ling houses, built by a man named Thornhili, which are still standing, and one of them occupied by Mr. J. A. Donald- Captain Alexander Shaw. It, thouj^h a lo^' house, was a very comfortable one and was built about 1794 by Captain, afterwards Major-General JEneas Shaw, grandfather of Alexander. This house was knowu as Oak Hill and there the Duke of Kent was enter- tained by General Shaw on the second vieit of the Duke to Canada in 1709 Generr ' Shaw was in his day a famous stJdier. 1- j •orved under General Simcoe, who was the first Governor o'^ Upper Canada, as a oaptain iu the Queen's Rangers, a colonial corps, after- wards incorporated into the resular army. In the winter of 1791-92 Capt Shaw ac- complished a remarkable feat, in marching with his detachment of Queen's Rangers all the way from NtiW Brunswick to Montreal son, lately Government Emigration Agent; there were also one or two frame cottages. On ahe opposite or en stern side of the street, after the fields were passed, was Colonel Givins' residence and farms — in all about one hundred acres. Colonel Givins was Indian Commissioner, and had served through the war of i81213-Ulo. He built his house about 1797-8, and resided in it until his death. After he died his daugh- ters continued to live there until their decease. The building was then (1890) pulled down and a ntsw one erected. To the east of Colonel Givius' property was thut occupied at the period of which wo are speaking (1852) by on snow shoes. Such a performance is un- paralleled in military annals. General Shaw died in 1815 from fatigue and exposure duriner the war. He was interred in the graveyard surrounding the first church of St. James in Toronto. He left a large family of five sons and an equal aumber of daughters. The whole of the former were ofFoers in the army. His eldest son, C/«p- ta:u Alexander Shaw, became the owner of O .k Hill, and resided there until his death o < January 12th, 1834. He, too, like his i ther, was a gallant soldier, and had served in many different parts of the globe. He served in 1805 during the expedition to Naples, was present iu 1806 at Calabria, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 747 GEORSf: C00Pf,R5 H0U«5£ a^taiiTnt the battle of Maidft, and in Egypt in 1807. He was again on active service in HoHiwud in 1809, and was also at Waterloo. Ht; A na interred side by side with his parents in old S'l. James'. His 8.)n, Captain George Shaw, .lit 11 came to Oak Hill, but shortly iiflerMirds removed to Kingston, and the old homei>teajardener, 'then Payne's h'.acksmith shop, still remaining, with closely adjoining it the City rope walk, then DOVLRCOURT Dr. Thomas Ravage, a medical man of con- sideriitile attainments. He lived there until !s.'>7. wlu'u lie removed to Clairville. Fro- the carriage known now drive as the to Dovercourt, road of the same name, and extending to Davenport, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 749 I k r»o«nt lot or two, then two cottages bnilt III) 1844 by G. T. Deniaon, jr. , and pulled jiown aboai tMrty years later to build upon libtir site the house occupied by Professor Irtoldwin Smith. Paat these cottages oa the liame side of the road, aud we came to the Ijaudsome rongheast house, which ia yet |iber« though somewhat enlarged and now Lntiiely surrounded by laree trees, built in |l^ hy the late Colonel Greorge jltylor Deniaon, father of our present 1 1993) Police Magistrate. He resided there luBiil his death on May 30th, 1873, and his I widow still occupies the house. Colonel |D«Bisoo married a daughter of Major Dew- I son, of the 35th Regim«at, who settled near ioroato, and was an exceedingly popular IntQ. After passing "Rasholme," as G. T. lUfDiflons residence was ealled, was bush land, divested certainly of most of the heavy jmber, bat still covered with a dense under- crowth of oak, pine and trees of other varie- I ;iM. Then came the concession known now u Dufferin street, running north aud south irom the lake to Davenport road, forming tt that time the western boundary of the city. \^ e mua*. now return to the south iide of Dandaa street, at the corner opposite ihe site of Ossington avenue. There were I to houses here until about two hundred virds west of Devercourt road ; then was teached Marshall's wheelwright shop, and » Mnall dwelling house adjoining it. Dovercourt •oad then only known by that name from Dundas street to the Lake Shore road, and I in 1852 containing only three houses. Ono I ci tliese was occupied by Mr. Angus D. Mao* ionell. and the third and lar;;est was goill about 1850 and resiaed in by Judge Samuel l^aley Harrieou until hi& death. It Kisknowu as Foxley Grove, and it is from it (hat the present Foxley street derives its imt. After MaashaVi's houses was passed ;Dei'e were no hou.ses at all until Dutlerin I itreet was reached. Then there was a large iriruij; shed belonging to CoUard's tavern. Then came a second licensed house kept by Joseph Church (the building still remains), iouwn as the Brown Bear, and then fol- owed a noted hostelry, the Queen Street Hotel, of which the proprietor was I'M Robert James, known far and wide as " Boh " James. He was iimous for his horses and for his love of sport of all kinds, and few meu of his class were more respected by both his customers I lod the general public. At this period \iSi) the whole ot the north-eastern side of Dundas street, from Ossington to Brock trenue, was known as Denison Terrace, the lame given to it many years previoush- by the first owner if tiie land, G. T. Denison, li Bellevuo, Toro.'^o, father of Richard L. ii H Vd >* v\ 'B ;■ ! v-ii- It i i I { ' 'v *• M 760 LANDMARKS OV TORONTO. * j' II' 1 II!' I m 'IF '■■ 1 ,1 i N't Deniacn, ot Dorercourt, and G. T. Deniaon, of Ruaholme. This gentleman was h re- markable man in many respects. He came with his father, John Denison, of Hedon, Yorkshire, to Canada in 1792, and four years later to Toronto. Ha served as an officer in the York Tolunteers, in the war of 1812 and was a prisoner of war for many months. It was he who in 1S12, aided by sixty men of the Canadian militia, cut Dundaa street through from the Garrison common to L mbton Mills, thus enablini; oommunieaMon to be maintained throughout the war between those two places. He was instmmental in 1822 in raising a troop of dra.oons, known as the York cavalry, now as the Uoveruor General's Body Guard, not in Upper Canada. He re-organized the troops of cavalry militia for Toronto anu Yorkville, he organized in 1855 the Toronto .Field Battery of Artillery, and alao in I860 the Queen's Own Rifles, and would, but tor his prematura death, have been made a Companion of the Order «f St Michael and St. George. The locality where Collard's, Church's and James' taverns stood was populi^rly known as Appii Forum or the Three Taverns, and there on fine days, )et with nippiiu; fro&t. " Wort N iCkliia. In the Archives Department at Ottawa, in a letter from Mathews to Nepean, we have a description ot ; he old fort on Lake Huron. The MS. reads :— The next and last post iu this commonioa- tion is Michiiimackinac, at the further end of Lake Huron, situated upon an island about nine miles from the main. The wor'^a here never were finished, and ita insular situation is its chief defence. This is the chiet resurt ot the fur trawlers fitting out for the Northwest trade, and the centre of a very ' onsiderable one in that vast coun- try to the Mississippi— for this post, no good one, I am inclined to think, can be aub- stitnted nearer than the Falls of St. Mary, very nany ka^uea from thence, that might answc. for the Northwest trade, as the furs are brou<;ht from thence down the Grand or Ottawa river directly to Montreal, leaving the lakes to the westward. But the lose of Mackiuawill matirely sever from us the weatem trade above mentioned, which is carried on by the lakea, the greatest part of which, there can be little dou^, will pass by the Oswe$^ rirer into the United Statea, and the Northwest trade, or a part of it, must ultimately be drawn that way ako from the same eaaae. I l \--il %l I 752 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. CdAl'TER CCXXIV. TOROiNTO RACE COURSES- Where Hornos Knn In |»ay* of Vope — I'atroiu cr (he Boyal Sport. Id any things have changed in und about Torouto during tlie last sixty years, fevr perbi\ps more so than the race coarses. The c«iitra.>-t between tke " Woodbtne" course of to-day and the tirst T' ronto track ia almost as ^'n at as the di/rereiice botwetn the elec- tric car, whicti leaves the tornier place say »c 8:30 a.m. and arrives at b^t. Jaiiics Cburch half au hour later, and the nld Scarboro' stage of twenty years ago, which generally took nearly au hour to accom- plish the same diittance and at certain rea- sons of the year often broke down on its joarney. Of th<> earlier course and of those which miccsedcd it, and of the men who were connected with them trom time to tiine it .s proposed to give a brief account. The first course in Toronto was, strange to say.ou the Island at that part of it known as "The IJcnd." It is thus pleasantly de- scrib d in a letter from one of our city's oldest inhabitants. "After cross- ing the second bridge, tiie opc on the ' Big Doi3," as it was called, there was a plateau of smooth springy turf for half or three-quar- ters of a mile, extending southerly to the iiorihernmoat of t e two ridjjcs of sand forming the beautiful valley leading thence to the lighthouse at (-ibraltar I'oint. The favorite resort for equestrians (and there wore many of them, both ladies and gentle- men, in those good oKi days) was the island, BO long as the 1 ridges lasted. The valley was mostly covered with L»ras3, but it was rathor heavy riding ; tlie moment however the plateau was re iclied at either end there was a raco to the other end, and many a pretty race of the kind tlicre was. There was no 'regular' race course in the neighborhood of York at that time. Grrooms would try their master's horses at the bend but I never knew of a 'proessional' race on the Island. '! he only public race I recollect in York in the early time was on Front street from 'Small's Corner' to the Market Place It was announced by placards potted throagliout the town, the town fiOQstable k^ the coarse, and all York turned o«t to witness it. " Our correspondent adds in a post- ■eript : — "It may, perhaps, seem ■omewbat absurd to call it a *be&atifnl vallcylHitthe aand hills forming it were covered with large trees from six inches to two feet or more in diameter, (there was Marcelf any undergrowth) and of all hei.hts from six feet to ihirtv and as the ridges rose and fell glimpacrs o: the sparkling waters of tiie lake and bay met the eye od eitlier side." When Sir John Colborne was Lieutenant Governor, be, in company with Lieutenant Colonel Rowan, his military secre-ary, a famous horseman and rider to hoHuds, was in the habit during the summer time of rid- ing there almost daily. it was also occa- sionally the scene of " scratch " trottiiv matches between horses owned by people in or near the city. After the rebellion of 18;*7-8 this Island course w s less and les.^ used for pleasure, and not at all for raeiu;- purposes, even in the very mild form jubt described. Of Sir John Colborne, the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor, and of his services in the Penin-ular war, we have all heiu-d ; how at ("uida/i Rodrigo he was severely wounded, it was at first thougitt mortally, yet he lived and was present afterwards at Waterloo. Colinel Rowan was an equally gallant soldier and had served with distinction in many differ- ent parts of the globe— in Sicily in ISOli 7, Sweden in 1808 and in the Peninsula Mar under Sir John Moore Yet later in 18i 9 he was on tiie \Valehcren expedition, and i later still, in 1811, he was present ot the action fought in Sabugal in I'ortugal. Dur- ing tiie I'eninsnlar war he was at the battles of Vittoria, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes and Toulouse, and finally ac Waterloo. Some of his relatives of the same n.-^me reside in Toront.! now, engaged in the practi ■ oi their professions as doctors, lawyers and as; business men. In 18I)ij, or the year following,a course was laid out on the Garrison CoM:mon, between the Old and New Forts. Races were held here for three or four years auccessivelx under the patronage of ths ofiici.,rs statioiieu both here and at Niagara. There was a famous horse known as Antelope, a three- year-old, who carried all befo' e him on one occasion on this course. He was ridden by '• ilob " James, tie jockey, after- wards the proprietor of the tjueen street tavern on Dundas street, a man, who de- spite his profession as a horse dealer and general " sport," was respected by every one who knew him for his straightforward ways. Quite recently he has been de- scribed by a veteran in the sporting world, " as one of the whitest men you ever saw.' This course did not long remain open Next tollowini; it came Scarlett's, or t^ e Sitncoc chase 'course on Dundas street, near the Hnraber. It was situated on the plains lying north of "Dundis streat, l)etween the Weston road, on the east, and the woodd on the CITY or T COL. MAC] ! ! LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 753 western bank of the River Huml er. Th« it&udB and necessary oSlce.s were near Dun- du street, rather nearer tlie western than tbo eastern boundry of the course. Mr. Scarlett resided at UunnyTiiede, on Dundas icreet, about a mile nearer Toronto, and though he never owned a race horse, and probably never made a bet, was up to his eightieth year one of the hardest r'^crs in the country, and an enthusiastic lover of horses. This course was conpleted in 1837, and the first races were leld on the 6th, 7th and 8th of the following September. The amount of prizes was rery small, and the meeting itself only a »ery qualilied success. The British Colonist of April 12th, 1838, contains the following advertisement : — "City of Toronto and York County Spring Rsce meetings, over Mr. Scarlett's course, 23rd and 24th May, 1838. Stewards. John Powell, Mayor of the City ; Col. Kingsmill, Col. Carthew, Col. Dawson, Major Denison, Major McGrath, Will. Goring, John Mait- lan.l, Sec'y." Among the gentlemen who are named here ii9tewards,are several who were well-known in Toronto more than fifty years since. Mr. Powell, the Mayor, was a descendant of Chisf Justice Powell. Colonel Kingsmill was :i popular militia '-'V.cer. Colonels Carthew and Dawson w.re stationed here with their regiments. Major Deuison was George Taylor Denison, of Bellevue, as clever a rider in his younger days as ever mounted a liorse and to the last day of his life a splen- did whip. Tne other gentlemen whose n»mes .'re given were lovers of horses and lieen sportsmen. In the following year, 1839, the Colonist, OQ Jlay 1st, announces that the " City of Toronto and York County Race Meeting will be held on Scarlett's Race Course on June 19th and 20th." The following was the pro- gramme : — CITT OF TOUOXTO ANU YORK COII^'TT BACE jUEETIXG, OrKR SIMCOE CHASE COURSE. ON Wodnesdar. the 19th, and Thursday, the mh days of June, 1839: To start each day at one o'clock precisely. PRE.SES : COL. MACKENZIE FRASER, Qr. M'r. Qen. STEWARDS : The Hon. Sir Allan Naoier Macnab. Colonel Cox. P. S. Col. iBuUock. A.G.M. Captain Markham, 32d The Sheriff H. District Lieac Meade,43rd L.I. Charles C. Small. Esq. John Barwick, Esq. Col. Sparke, 93rd Hg'rs, Major Ma<3;rath. Captain Arthur. A.D.C The Mayor of the City. Lieut. M. Pipon.K.D.G. Peter Bucbanan, Kaq. C. Wallace Heatb Esq. George Monro, Esquire. FIRST DAY. THE "ITT I'LATE OF TirTY BOVKRKIONS. Free for all Horses— 'i year olds, a feather ; 3 year olds to carry G st. 9 lbs.; four, 7 St. 9 lbs ; Ave, 8 St. 4 lbs.; six, 8 st. 10 lbs.; and aged, 9 st. — lleata, two miles and a distance. Entranoo THE'lNNKEEPERS' PLATE OF FIFTY PODNDS. For Uorse» that never won Plate, Match or Sweepstakes, of the value of £60. at any one time before the day of entry- 3 year olds to carry 10 St. 7 lbs.: four. 11 St. 4 lbs.; live. U st. 10 lbs.; six and aged. 12 St.— Heats, once round and distance— Gentlemen Riders. Meinber.s ef a Racing or Fox-hunting Club. Entrance, £1, A JOCKBY SAUOLK. For Horses that nuver started for Plate, Match or Sweepstakes, before the day of entry.— Heats, once round. Post entry. SECOND DAY. THE COUNTY PLATE OF FIF'I Y I'OUNDS. Free for all Horses— 2 yrar olds, a feather ; 3 year olds to carry 7 st, S lbs.; four, 8 st. 4 lbs.; live, 8 St. 13 lbs.; six, 9 st. 4 lbs.: and au;od, 9 st. 7 lbs.— Heats, once round and a distance. Win- ner of either o( the lirst day's Races to carry 10 lbs. extra. Entrance, £4. THE LADIES' PLATK OK FORTY POUNDS. For horses bred in the Province, that never won Plate, Match or Sweepstakes, before the day of entry— Heats, once round and a distance. Weights and Riders, as per Innkeepers' Plate. Entrance £3. THE TALLTHO HURDLE SWEEPSTAKES. Of £5 each. p. p.— Free for all Horsea— Heats, once round and a distance. Weights and Riders as for Innkeeper.s' Plato, To enter for this race, on the evening of the first day's races. A JOCKEY SADDLE. For ponies of 13^ hands higb, and under— Heats, once round. Post entry. Mares and Geldings allowed 3 lbs. Entrances for the Plates co be rhade and paid at the Ontario House, between tha hours of 2 and 1 o'clocn, afternoon, on Monday before the Races ; and the second Hors«!3 in each of the Races for these Plates to have their entrances. H'inners to pay per cent towards expenses. Riders must turn out in full Jockey style. JOHN MAITLAND, Secrotaiy. Toronto, May 23. The races came off at the time appointed and were fairly well attended. (jrievous scandals arose over the race meeting accounts for the years 1837, '38, '39 ; charges of culpable carelessness, if not ©f actual dishonorable conduct were freely made by certain of the stewards against i other oflicials. These charges w ere at last j submitted to a committee, who duly sat and afterwards reported, though only by a j majority, not unanimously, that the official ; accused, who was an offitier of the incor- porated militia, " had duly accounted for all moneys received and expended by him." The spring mcelingof 1840 on Scarlett'i Cdurse was the most memorable ever held there. The following is a list if the gentle- men under whose auspices the proceedings took place : I ! 1% > » 5 i r I fi i mi Pr-'i ill 754 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. President— Co). Airejr, 3ith Reeiment; stewards — the Mayor, Major Magratti, Sir Allan MacNab, Capt. Markhatn, .3'2nd ; Col. Spark. 93rd ; Capt. Campbell, A. D.C., Tth Hutiars; Col. ' Bullock, D.A.G. ; Capt. Arthur, A.D.C. ; Capt. Schoaiwar, K.D.U,; Hon. J. H. Dunn, C. C. Sm»ll, Esq.. Wm. Cayley, Esq., with Mr. W. U, Boulton as treaiiurer and John Maitland as secretary. The entries were fairly numerous for such a very young undertakinc;, and considering the additional fact that at that date there were so few wealthy people in the prorince who could indulge in the luxury of hone- breeding for racing purposes. The City Plata of £110 sierl-ug, equal to £150 cur- rency, waa the I ..e ribbon of the meeting. This was the tira . time snch a Urge stake had been oQ'cred in the Upper Province. in the list of stewards ^iven above are the names of many men who bad already done thei'.' country good service and who in after years added to their laurels. Colonel Airey, of the 34th, was a c;allant soldier and afterwards greatly diatinguished himself. Captain Markham, of the 32 d regiment, baa served ^;i Canada during the trcubloa of 1837,.and was severely wounded in the action of St Denis, in Lower Canada. Afterwards he accompanied his regiment to India, where in the Punjaub campaign of 1848-9 he oom- nnanded the 2nd Infantry Brigade, being wou ded in the attack upon MooUan, in September, 1848. In the following year he was present with his brigade at the famous battle of Goojerat. For his eminent •ervices he was nominated C, ]i. and created a General officer a few years later. Colonel Spark, of the 03rd, had served with his reeiment throughout the war of 1812 and was severely wounded in the at- tack on New Orleans, January 8th, 1815. He retired from the service in the early "Fifties." The Mayor, Mr. Powell, filled that office for the third year in succession, but being an ardent sportsman thought quite as much of attaining racing distinction as civic honors. He was as well pleased to be a steward for the third year, as to be thr e times Mayor. Major Maprath we have previously mentioned. Sir Allan Maa* Nab was the hero of the steamer Carolina exploit at Niagara during the rebellion. H« was so well known that no further mention of him is requisite. Mr. Ounn was the l!e- cblrer-General. He was a prominent public man and was father of Alexander Roberts Dunn, v. C., afterwards 11th Hussars and still later Lieutenant Colonel of the 100th Regiment. Captain Arthnr was A. 1>. C. to Sir George Arthur, the Lieutenant • Governor. He "was that and nothins; mor«." Colonel Bullock waa the ever-popular Adjutant General of Militia, while Captain Sjchoaswar was a smart cavalry soldier and thorough sports- man. Of Messrs. C C. Small, William Cayley and W. H. Honlton we need not speak ; their names in Toronto are as familiar as household words, and their memories are yet green. Here ia the pro- rramme for the two days, as far as it has been possible to procure it : FIRST DAY. CITT PLATE or £110 BTBRLINQ. Open to all comers. 0AKKI80N PLATB. For Horses that had never previously won a prize ot £50. SECOND DAY. BT. LKOIR urAKSS OK £30 STKULIN3. Open to Horsis of any HKe. OOVERNOR-OENEKAL H I'LATK OF £75. Open to Horses that had beuii at leu^t two months In Canada previous to tbe race. Th ' races came otf with great eclat in live- ly weather, with the following results : — For (he City Plate there were nine cntrici and the race was wou by Captain Marktmu'. i horse Prince Albert, a two year old. There were the same number of eutrici for the Garrison Plate as for the preuodiu^ race. It was wou by Shepherdess, a mar* belonging to Mr. Abbott, of the Garrio/i;c— Owner. Toronto, olli Nov., 1840. 1 hia 'utin<{ a private meeting, the result appears never to have been puhli.iliod. i'' e next race course after Scarlett's was the on* k' own as Boulton'a. It occupied the ground bounded on the nortli by Bloor street, on the south, east and west by Bald- win and .McCauI streets and .Spadina avenue reipectively. A portion of the stands were re- maining as recently as 1S88, at tiio rear of th* Orange, and p*esibly may be tli*re now (1893). Thi« course belonged to the iloultons, and the meetings were projected by Mr. W. H. Boulton, popularly known ainonc his friendi as " I'dll Boulton," and of whom many amusing stories src told. It was of)one ! about 1841 or 1842, and was in use for some years. When Boulton's course ceased to be used for hor.te racing another one was opened to the right of the Kingston road, east of the Don. This was always known as Jack M ait- land's course. It lay to the south of the pre- sent baseball grounds on what is now Queen It. east, having the present Broadview ave. as its eastern boundary, the Marsh as the louthtrn and a heavy fence, on liic farm of one Clark, who was also a butcher, on the we.st. Among well-known men who attended here was Ten I'roeuk, a wealthy American, Dr. Carrell, of Rochester, also Harper, a Virginian, who was as open-handed as he was passionate, ard that is saying a great deal. Besides these there was Caswell, who, itrange to say, was totally blind, yet so fine was his sense of hearing that he could tell the various horses when at exercise hy their ■tep and thus judge, or calculate ra her. tiioir chances of success. Another well-known figure at the meetings held on tliis ground was Parish of Ogdenabiirg. James .Miicliell, of Torento, was his trainer. The luttir kept \\. tavern on King street west on tlie site ol the present Canada Lif* Building. Succeeding .Maitland's cuma what wa* known as (Jates' course, situated o;i rjie |).-r. and Danforth road, some distance north of th* \\'oodbin*, used only oca- ioh:iUy. Trottinj; matches were somctinad held tliere, and now (1893) it is used to :i jliglit extent as a training ground. In iS.'i? tlie (y'arlton raoe CDUr.iO was laid out by the late Mr. \V. C. K' elo and his son Mr. ^V'illiam Koele, It wai altotit two hundred yards to tli* south of Duuda.-. trout, to the west of what was tlinu tlio ro:ii > .iMioa line, but is now Keole slre»t., Toronto . I unc- tion. It was oval in shapti and was rather more than a niilo round. There were exten- sive stands, weighing rooms, and u'co^ary offices. Among the visitors heie mi;; lit be seen Lieut. -Col. K, L. Denis n, gouerally driving a celebrated trotter known as Milk- maid, " Bob" James from I!ro(Vi probably tra 8 its origin »(■ .losopli Bate*, tlien just arrived in Yorli from London, England, where tie had bsen ffonnecttd with one of these lociaties, and h , thinking a similar institution might be established with advantage in Vork, con- siilted with Mr. .Tanaes Lep^tlie, late of Kglin- ton, who entered heartily into the project. Tin in:uigur.\l nie(!'.i"2 ^''•■"' bo^d in danuary, 1S!U NlLiny of the iiniicipal inhabitants of the town were fiie.spnt, Mr. J.esslie presiding. The tir^t riuarterly nueting w.a > liold m Mr. Thotnp^o'i'.'* ■ci.ool ro(-nfJi, when the report read by .Mr. Hues eli iwed n list of fiftyeix iriflmbcts. A;non^' j)'.oiiii:i2nt workers in the :;i,.-f. were I>r«. W. \V. J'.ildwin, Dun*- oofiibc, J. F. Cablicoft, Dm. lop and Holph ; M ssr:-. Jnnios Cockshult, T. t'arfrae, .lames full, I^eiiiiarn, (', C!. Small, James \Vort», I'aniea (i. Worts, (apt. Fiizpibbon, and many otlier?. It is noj c irtain where the Insititute bud its tirst liAMtation. I'robab'y in it.s very car'.y days meetings were con vened ..t any good-sized room t'.uil could be procured, easily accessible to the mem- liers Some meetings wer^, we know, hrid in rooms in a wooden building in C'olUorne street, tlien called 2darket itreec. Known as the " Masonic i^iMigu. " A library, or rather che nucleus of a lil)rary, was begun, lectures were delivered, evening jlasses established for the beneht of the membi'rs and a museum commenced Jd \H^r-> the Institute received a grant from (.Government of £'200, equivalent to $800. This w IS expended upon icientificapparatus The celebrated Dr. Birkbeok, founder of the Birkbeck Institution of Loridon, Eni{l&nd, was commissioned to purchaie this ap- pn.ratus. Ic was not only very expensive, Du' was nevor wholly complete or at any time of much benefit to the Institute. Littl* progress was made by the Institute in 1837 owin,' to the excitement caused by political events and the outbreak of the rebellion. But when affairs in Toronto had resumed their normal condition in 1838 tb« managers of the Institute obtained from the City Cnnncil a suite ot rooms for th« ac- commodation of the Institute in the aouth- •ast comer of the market building; where St. Lawrence Market now itands. They ia sue a notice on March 16th which readi thus : — Mechanics' iNSTixaTE.— A meeting of th« members of tlie Mechanics' Institute viU be held at tlis lucture room, market build itii;s, on Friday, the '23rd inst., at three u'clock p. m , to elect a commi'itae for the present year. By order of the committee, J. F. NVk.stlasd, Secretary. Sir Francis Bond tfead, then Lieutenant- Governor of the I'roviuco, was patron, and occasionally wih his suite attended the weekly lecturer Mr. William Ross was librarian and curator. In 1841 the committeo presented their re port, and as it gives a fair idea of the society's progress it is given in extenso : — Annual lt>>pnrt of llie 4'ainnillti'fi of the TUltO.Vro Nerlianlcs' lusiliute. Head at Ike SDciely'n Itn iw-j, Ifeb. "rd. H',1, The Cominittco on deliverinif up th ir trust t'- thoT sul•(•essor^. rfspcclfnily rer""' - That diiriii'.? thoye.ir 22 now 'iii^fnUers have joincil. but owint; to rernora s. ami Kumo mem- bers doc'.ininsf to coiititiiK! tiieir subHcriiuioni, the real inrreaso in onlr seven -the whole r;um ber nf miMnburs being about 01. The Financial Ac(!ouiitt arc -(^a'^h rerpived. liic'.udiiiK bai >iiee in the 'Ire^surer -s tia-nls pt thf* coroinen(;ement of the year. £4S 28, Od. ; of which has been exnonded £23 1%^. Od.. I'^aving a balance in the Treasurer's handn of £22 4s. (ki a (ii-lailed account of which in on the tablp, for th': j-xaniination cf the members. Diii'infc the season the Lectures linvo been continual weekly witli one or two exceiitions. They have consisted of courses by tlie He v. Jlr. LiUoy on the tniitd ; by the Itev. Mr Leach, President, on education ; by Dr. Lansr, on chtra ii'ry ; and one by th" Rev, Mr. Uoaf. on pco. loicy ; for tiie nnt irinvr zeal of these Rcntlenien, under the deiires3in.!.c eircutiHtancos which the Institute has b id io strufjKle with, the Commit- tee tender their Rratoful aeknowieilgiiionti. 'I'hey have also to return their thanks to Ur. Boys, Vice-I'iesidont, for a donation ^of an English translation of Linnaeus' System of Na- ture in 7 volumes. An address ot congratula- lation to theOov.-General on tiis arrival in the city from the Institute, whieh was numeromly signed by the members, was presented by the Committee, which was Rraciou-ly received. His Excellency in his reply was pleased to ex- press his approbation of the princinles on which the Institute is founded, and to promise what- ever assistance was in his power to forward ita objects. There has been added to the library the re- prints of the London and Edinbursb Reriewi and Mafcazines, which Ir. is expected will be continued. The property of the Institute has been insured from Are in the British North American Insurance Ofllce for the sum ot £209. A large part of the balance in the treasurer's hands will be required to place the library in an eiflei«int state for circulation. It is t» be regretted that many members neglect to return the books within the time limited for read- ing. Their attention to this is respectfully re- quested. An attempt was made to establish a class, to meet five nlgbts in tbe wees, intended to eo(n« bine I he advantages of a reading room and an academy, which unfortunately failed from the and %i iW. i LANI>MARKS OF TORONTO. 757 nnexpocfed opposition of the persons chiefly intended to be bonefltted iiy it. The Comniiitoe owe their best thanks to those gentlemen who 10 liberally Kare their names as contributors (or that purpose. Respectfully submitted. By order of tbe coinmittee, John Hoys. Vice President. In the following year, 1842, Sir Charles Bagot, Governor tJeneral of ('anada, was in Toronto in the latter end cf April, princi- pally for the purpose of lavin • the founda- tion stone of tlie Toronto University. Tak- ing; advantage of the occasion, the meiulieis of the Ins itule presented his Excellency with an adJrcss of welcome, Vilieroin tliey refer gratefully to a pr.ijecicd j^eologioal iu:vcy of tlie Crovii "o, anl they also refer "nith still greater su. afactioii,'" to quote the vioiiis of their ailiiress, to tlie opening up of new channels of commerce under hi» Excel- lency's aus))ice3. 1 hey co elude by assur- ing tlio Queen's representative of their '• un- feigned loyalty to our .'■overeigii." In ]SH in considtTiUion ot the tum of £16 cuncncy, eouivivlunt to .S(J4, the Innti- ttits gave up po38e3siu;i of tlio iiiar..et build- in^' rooms an(l rsmovtii to others .situated over the store No 12 \VeHin„'io!i lUiildinjs, Ki:ig street, having,' also, through the kind- ness of .Sheriff \\. 1> Jiuvis, the use of tlic Court lloom for its lecture {uirposes. Daring tlie same year the City Council were constructing a two-storey fire hall on tbe site of the present one and tho I'olico Court in Ccmrt street On the memorial of the Institute ths Council consented to extend its ground plan 10 as to give the Fire Department all the accommodation required on tho ground floor on condition that the Institute should build te second storey for its library, reading, lec- ture and board room, and puy to the con- tractors the difference in co:j;: of thtbuildlnsr «o extended, and as it was originally con- trA'^'-ed for. This ditiference amounted to £465 53 Gd currency ($l,Sm 10) and was raised by Voluntary contributions. The foundation stone was laid on August '.'7th, 1845. These new rooms were opened on February 12th following,. when the annual n\eeting was held, with Mr. John Ewart in tic chair, and the inauL'ural address was delivered by tho Honorable R. B. Sullivan when he took occasion to congratulate tbe Institute on its possession of^ such a con- venient building for their various require- ment -. On July 28th, 1847, the Institute was oorporated by Act of Fariiament, receiving a (rant of money at the same time from the Government, la 1848 th^ first of a series ef exhibitions of fire arts, mechanism, ladies work, etc., was held and remained open for ten weeks. The financial result was fairly B tisfactory, there being a prof. L of nearly $200 In tho following year the Institute issued for the first time a diploma to its exhibi- tors at the annual exhibition. Tliis was <.e- signed by \ir. Sauiiford Flemiii.', and wa» lithograjihed by Messrs. Scobio & Half our. The second exliiljition in 1S41) was a greater success tlan its predecessor, as it ro- Bultcd in a net ^ain of more than i'2'2'K 1 hree very activ workers wore in this year remuvc-d by death, namely Me-srs. Charles Sevvell, Henry Parry and John Aiikcr. Tlic iinnual E.Nliibition was again held in ISo'), when one of the jirincipal exhibits was a niiKkd of a locomotive, wliioii ran on a raised track round the room, tlu; steam to propel it beiiij,' j.'enerated by a .small spirit i.'vinp. Thiri attracted a great deal of atten- tion. It was made by Mr. A. l\irkes, a wood-turner w ho resided on Adoluide olrcet. Th? proiit fio.n l!ie l^xiiiliilio.'i thi.s ycur was t-'-MO, a bligiit decrease fiom that of ha pre decespor. 'i'ho rej)ort picsciitcd to the in';ni!jU!s in iS.")l drew tli.nr atieniiou to liie fact that the atcoinniodatiou provided wi.s insuilicieut for th • nee. Is of I'tie Institute, and tliat .-iiop.j iiuisL be taken to j!;'0'.niio larger promise.'". It also referred "witii great re- t;ieL to the expre-:.-j.'d inttution of Air. Wil- liam Edwanls to re.-ig!\ the ofli;-.; of Bocri'- tary." That i;i.utleman hail fiilcil the posi- tion for t ii^ht years, and the co i inittce con- cluded tlicir report bj- saying that he had so discliarged his duties that they "are at fault for sullicient pow«r of language adequately to express th^ir indebtedness to iiim " Subsequently tbe niembors ])t evented Mr. Edward* with a complimentary address and a purse of sovereigns. He wus alio created a life member of the Institute. The Exliibition ol 1851 was, as regard* the quality of the exhibits, one of the best ever held, but financially it was ud but a failure, as the balance, after payment of ex- penses, only amounted to a little more than !r48. The events of the following year call for no comment, the Institute not being able to provide itself with the reiiuisite new buildings which were so badly recpi red. In September, 1853, the site oii the corner of Church and Adelaide streets was pur- chased by auction for $G,529; plans for a new building were prepared and the publ'c ap- pealed to for subscriptions. This uppea'. brought in before the year closed 1^4, SOO On the following April 17th, the corner stone of the now Mechanics' Institute was laid with Mi^souic honors. The brethren. I ¥ en: i> • \ 1 ^i '.n ;ii ■' 758 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. attired in regalia and accompanied by the otiicers of tlio Inatiiute, headed by the band of the Royal Canadian Rifles, marched in procession from St. Lawrence Hall along King to Church stroet, thence to the corner of Adelaide street, where the proceedings commenced by Air. 'ihoinas (iibbs Ri out, D.(J. M., of Canada, addressing the meeting. He, after some few preliminary remarks, dwelt upon the reason for their all beiii<; engaged I's they then were, and concluclcd by saying : " To day we are here asaunibled in the presence of you all to build a hal! fo.- the public use of the mechanics of tliis city, which we pray Ciod may prosper if it aeeia good to Tlim, and that it may become a buildiii!,' f')r good men and good deeds, and promote Isiu-nony and hrotlierly love, till the world itself shall end So mote it e." Mr. ! hdfnas .J. Robertson, the president, presented .Mr Hidout "ith a silver trowel, suitably inscribed, which .Mi. Ridout briefly acknowli'd^'cd, and then ptoceeded to lay the stone Tliis bavin;,' been ilfwie, praver was offered. Ilieu addrossos were ilelivered liy the president, tlin llov. i)r. .McC-'aul, ami also by Mr. l-'atrick Ire'anil, tlie .senior vicei)rcsi- dent. A small cannou had l)oe;i phvceil on the opposite side of the street close to St. James' fchool liou^'e, from which a salute of thi'ee rounds was iired and the proceed- ings then came to an end by tiio whole company <,'iviii!^ three cheers for the Queen. Two able otlicials of tlie instituie passed away in 18r)4— Messrs. W. Atldnson and F. Thomas. In 185;") tl.c Provincial Government 'eased the nnfinislied building for four yoar-j for official purposes, at tln' simo time paying the Institute S.^.SS.*^ tn eiKiblethem to pay oil' the outstandini: liabilitips upon the structure. When the lease expired the Ciovcri.ine t paid the Institute a further sum of §10,000 to enable it to complete the building in ac- corrlance with tiie original desig'ia. I he alterations required were at once commenced and in ISGl were cnmpleteil and the rooms ready for occupation. The total cost was S48,;580 78. It is necessary now to recall some few ear. ior facts. In the winter of ISf)? and 1858 a course of lectures was delivered in St. Lawrence Hall, of which the lollowing is the programme : — 1867 — THURSDAY. Nov. 26—" The Infancy of AnBloSaxondom— Origin of the Langnagre." Dan'kl Wilson, LL.D. 1858. Jan, 8— H, Y. Hind, M.a. , li.A, . B.-V. aturo 15-" OpUcs.". . IlEv. E. K. Kendall, •' 22- iJo Key. E. K. Kkndall, " 2J— " KnRiijh Language and J. iter (with illu-strative roadinRS)" T. J. U()iu:>{TsnN- Feb. 5— Do T. J. Uoukht.s:).v •• I-.'—" On Sound. "..J. H. Ciiekrim an. *' 19— " Astronomy. (Fixed Stars NebiiUe)" ..C'( L. I'.AROX 1)K U()TTK.N-|irH() " 2G— Conch d ag l^ecturcH. Y. IIinu •M.A. and C.li. -M.A. FRIDAY Doc, 4- Do. 11-' The Lectures will commence each ovcniiia: at 8 o'clock. 1 lOKKTS for the course, Ta 61 ; Ladies, .3s 9d ; Monibors 01 the InslituLc, lis 9d. Admission tii single Icci are, Id 3d ; Ladir and Aleraberj uf Institute, 74rt. The Institute lost by death in 18i)7 one of its beat friends and workers * !oh i Ewart, whfin we have previously i -loneJ 1 ho cour.?e of lectures for 18.")8 &,id 185'J began in November, in the hall of the In- stitute, none of the lecturers of t e jirocecd- ing year thou. h re-appearing. This is the profiramme : — 185*. FlUDAY. Nov. 2(5 -'Tlie Advertisements otfhn Ancient Uomaiis." Hkv. Du. Ah ('aul, Dec, 3 -" Air and its Hoiaiions." \Vai.tki{ a. \Va rr.s, M. A. " 10— "The I'oc ry oflii-inilr." 1)K. A. (). Ki':LLOoa, Port Hope. " 17— " Water, lIydrvn:o!\. etc." NS' Ai.rKit A. Watts, M. a. 18-0. kkiuat. Jan. 7—" Coal Gas and Carbonic Acid ani their Uelal inns." WALTKit A, Wat IS, M. a. " li — " The Avonuciof Wfvst.ini I'l-aie. '. . . Kivas 'I'lJi.i.v. /sc,. ■' 21 — ■' Sulphur and Phosvihonis." Waltkk .\. ^VA•rTS, ■".A. " 28 -" Chcinisry of Common Liic." 1)K. 'rilOUIiCliX. Feb. 4 — " .Sea Salt and ils l)iv.'ivativ(M. " Wai.tkk a. Watt^ .M. a, •' U— " The Anatom.v and Comparative An- atomy of the lOye." Hhvkklut K. Moisnis, M. D. " 18— " Glass and f'oreela n." WALTEit A. Watts. M. A. " 25— " The Luminous Appearances) of the S-a."...BKVEItLF.Y H. MoHUts, M. D. March 1— The Concluding Lecture Mk. J. K. Pkll. ' Origin of the Literature." Daniel a ilson, LIj.D. Heat and Light in their Chemical relaLloiis. ' II. H. Ckokt, D.C L. l^" Tlie Clhcmical History of Iron and Copper." il. H, Ckoft, D.CU THE LEOTURi;S will COMMENCE ICACII EVEH> INO AT KIOIIT O'CI.OriC, Mostly all of which will be illustrated by ex- perimonii- and diagrams. Tickets for the Cou'ser—Non • members. $1 ; Ladies and .Mf mbi^rs of the Institiitc, 50 cents. .Singii? Admission. 12^ cfnti. IlOliKllT KDWAKD8, Hecrdar'j. TORO.NTO, November, 1858. At the annual meeting held in ISJiO the committee record " with deep regret the loss by death of its lale, and for many years in defatigable, secretary, Mr. Robert Ed- wards." LA.NDMAUKS OF TOMONTO. 759 Id memory of this most estimable man the members of the luslitute subscribed for a memorial portrait of him, which until 1S83 hung in the reviiiKJ. Sciilti- ture and Modelling, Dyosinkins and !'.n- praving. Photography, and Decorations and IJcsiKnsof cverv kind. (!.) Spooinions of all kiiul.s of L;vdies' Work. ThH obiects of the Exhibition are :— Ut. To afford Artist .s Ladies, an 1 possoasorsof intop- cstinganrl : are specimens of Art na opponun.- ty of exhibiting Ihoir various nriiclea or pro- ductions. 2nd. To rcalizi! funds towards reduc- ing the H.-ibilities of the Institute. 3rd To afford IntcrestinK and Instructiro amusement to ihti public. Tlie greatest cart> will bo given to the safe keeping and return of all specimens entrusted to the Committee of Management. The Kxhibltion, comniencing on Friday, the 2ndof October, will bo open to visitors from 10 o'clock, a. m. to 10 o'clock, p. m.. each day of its continue .oc. The charge for admission will be ten codU., IntenJ^ni? contributors are respectfully ro' questo 1 to'.ominiinicai(i with the undoraigned, or with any monibcr of the Exhibition fJoininit- tco, viz : VV. Edwards, cliairinau. Danii^l Hurj', W, K Masiun. J. J. Withrow. T. McCros.^on. and T. L»avison, or with any member of the lioard, lUCHARD LEWLS. Secretary. Toronto l,th August, 1S6S. At this Exiiibition over 700 pictures wero lexhibited Among them were many works of the old masters, lent for the occasion, the rest beintr the works either of Canadian artists or their pupils This e.Khibition re- sulted in a loss of more than SlUO. From this year until 18SI5 whrn the Insti- tute was merged into the L^ublic Library, esiat)li3hed under the Fiee Libraries' Act of 1882, there is little of moment to record. Recreation rooms which contained billiard tables, chess and kindred games were opened in the buildini;, besides a reading room spe- cially set apart for ladies. These all proved successful and tended th popularize the institute. But " the old order changeth and gireth place to the new." On March 29th, 1883, at a special general meeting of the niumbei's of the Institute it was by an all but unanimous vote resolved to make over all the property of the Institute with its assets and liabili- ties to the City Corporation for library pur- poses. This resolution was duly c^.rried in- to effect on June 30th following. It only remains to mention some of the more prominent workers for the Institute in its half century of existence. They were : — W. Edwards for 30 consecutive years, W. Atkinson 17, •'. E. Pull 15, Hiraui I'iper, R. Edwards and Thomas Davi.ion for 13, and many others whose services extended from eight to twelve years. Th ' following is a list of the Trcsidents, excepting for the years 1833-5 8-9 anil 1840, the records ot which have liucn lost, .lohu E.vart (1831, 18U), Dr. lialdwin (18.32-4- 7). Dr. Ilolpn (18.36), R. S. Jameson (1841), Rev. W. T. Leach (1842), W. B. Jarvis (1843), T. G. Kidout (1845 6■8^ R. B. Sullivan (1847), Professor Croft (1849,1850), F. VV Cumberland (1851-2, 18(15 6). T. J. Robertson (1853), Patricl: Freehiid (1854-9) Hon. G. VV. Allan (1855-1808 9), E. V. Whittemore (1856), J. E. Pell (1857), .John Harrington (1858), J. D. Ridout (1860), Rice Lewis (1861-2), W. Ed.>ard3(1863), F. W. Coate (1864), J. J, Witiirow (1867), James McLounan (part of 1870), .)ohn Turner (part of 1870), M. Swdetiiani (1871-2-3-4^ Thos. Daviiou (1875 6 8), Lewis Samuel (1877), Donald C. Ridout (1879), W. S. Lee (1830-1), JkUM Masou (1882-3). , i{ii li I : ;. r'-'r ^ l-'ilt M. I 760 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Tho recording sccretariea bav« been in the followinir order and number of years' service: Jo3. Hates (1831), T. i'atson (1832 3 4-') G). C. Sowell (1837-8 and 1841), J. F. West- land (1840 and 1842), \V. Elv.ards (1843- 4-5-6-7-8-9. 1850. 1859, 18G0), R. Edwards (18r)l-2-3-4 5-6-7-8), C. Longman (1861-2 3- 4-5-6), John Mo^s (1867), Rioliaid Lnwis (1868), Samuel IJrodio (1869, ISTD-l), Joliu Davy (1872-3-4 5 6 7-8 9, 1880-1-2 3). The correspu'uling secrotarie.s liaTe been A. T. McCord (1836), C. Sewell (1842 3 4-5), J, F. Weailand (1841), W. Steward (1816), Ale.T. Christie (1847-8-9, 18,")0-3), Patrick Freelaiid (18.jl 2), M. Swe«tnam (18.')4-r)), J. J. Woodhouse, (18.')r>), John Elliot (1857), J. 11. Mason (1858-9, 18;i0). Fro u this dale the oliica was not continued. The ti'casurers have been James Lcsslie 1831-4 5-6) II. M. Mosley (1832), T. Carfrae (183:5), W. Atkinson (1840-1-2-3 4 5 6), John Harrin'jttoii (1817-8 9, 185 )-l-2-3-4 5 6), John PatPi son (1857-8-9. 1860 1-2), .lohn Co van (1863), W. Mdwards (1864-5-6-7-8-9, 1870), John llallam (1871), Thomaa .Mallear (1872, 3-4 5), Vv. i; llartill (1876), II. JI. Ramsay, (1877, 1881-2-3), U. B .Morris (1878-9), John Taylor (188).) CHAPTER CCXXVL AN EARLY VOLUNTEER CORPS And I's Iiniiieiliale Kucc*««or— Coiidiilons or Sri-virr aci'8 tavern in Yoi ge street, we find this notico : — " ll:o Army. — On Tuesday the Queen's Rangers, our effective colonial corps, returned from Niagara to Toronto, having been reliered by the Queen's Light Infantry, anotlier of the gallant and loyal regiments, so promptly formed on the spur of patriotic excitement, at lh«ir country's call. " A detachment of volunteers hare arrived from Perth composed entirely of young, active dcotchmon. They number 104, rank anJfila, and are accompanied in their march by tk purser. 1 he otQcera are Capt. A. Fraser, Capt. J. Voung, Lieuts. Muirhcad aud Montgomery,and Ensign^* A. Fraser and C. Fraser. I'hey are now attached to the Pro-/ineial Militia, or Queen's Rangers, ooni. manded by Col. Kingsmill " But in a somewhat later edition of the Coloimt the editor announced that he had said too mu h when he described thes-a volu:ree:» as being all Scot;timen, for on February 8th, in reference o the cnrj s, ha curtly remarks : — '• It is denied that they were all Scotch, but English, Irish and Scotch, and one of ihe officers an Irish- man." Sl'.ortly after the return of tho Queen's Regiment, described elsewhere as the Que n's Racers, but » ho must on no account be confounded with the Qiiceii'j Rangers of the rovolnt'onary period, who afterwards became the 104th Regiment of tho line, and wer finally disbanded in this province in tha e\rly " twenties," there was formed in Toronto what was ki.own as thu "Night Guard," i nder ihe ccimand of Clarke (lanible, Eoi|. This gentleman is sill resiiUng in the city, and almost as active as win n he led a c nnpny of militi.k in the a*t ck uion Mont- gomery's ta\ern. The duties of the Nighi Guard were to pitrol the streets of Toronto from 9 p. in. unii 5 a.m Tho Guard was " told oil" into t! rco .scjuads or pitrols. The first of thf'.so pa' rolled tho streets west of Y(.n:;o from 9 until 12 under Mr. Gamble ; the 8C3ond went on Irom 12 until 3 under the Hon. William Cayley, an; tlie third again in charge of Mr. Gambia f:om3until5. The streets east of Yon;,'e V ere similarly p.^troUed by others of the Guard. Mr. G unble continuetl this duty or about a month, when he was t: lieved bv Captain Murray, who formed another '.v and at one lime more than four-ti tl: *" them wore medals for war serv'ces. Like all colonial corps, it was never verT popular ;uuon_' youui; men entering the army as ofliccrs eitiicr in England or C.v nada, few Canadians seeking to obtain com.- mis.sion.s in it, yet when it was disbanded there were many who regretted it. The Onicrr* or the Oltl 'ain, one of the four Hans towns. It will probably strike readers as soniewhat singular that both brothers should bear the same Christian name of Louis. As a matter of fact Louis Joseph waa the only one who waa at bis LANDMARKS OF TOIONTO. 763 christening given the first of these two names . The real baptismal name of the other brother was Peter. He in his earlier clays was employed by a French nobleman, an adherent of the Bourbon dynasty, Count Duchatfl, as a valet. Among the Count's numerous retinue of servants was another man also in slose attendance upon his nioster, who was li ewise called Peter. To avoid confusion, it was decided tliat Privat should be known as Louis, and so he was, becoming accustomed to the name. On leav- ing his master's service lie did not discard it, but continued its use so long as he lived, fie, with his family, left Toronto in Vio'S, removmf; to the village of Durham, County (jrey, where he kept another hotel until his death, which occurred on April 28rh, I860, in his 61st year. on a circular table set (lush with the deck in its centre. This table as it revolvtd worked upon rollers, which, being connected with the shaft, set ilie p^iddlos in motion. The horses were stationarv ; the table on which they trod was furnished with ridgea of wood radiating like spokes from the centre, wliich the horses caughl with their feet, thus setting the table in motion. For some time the boat was worked with only two horses, but after about two years an alteration was elfectud in the ar- rangements, and in the vessel as well. In stead of two horses, five were introduce i, and they walked round and round the deck, exactly as horses do when employed in workiui; a threshing machine, and the vessel was set in motion precisely as such a ma- chine is. Two pictures are given of the old THE SECOND FKIIRY UORSK liOAT. Louis Joseph Privat, though in his 7Gth year, is yet hale and vigorous. liut it was one thing to open an hotel; it was another to make ic pay. So the two brothers decidcd[that the one should " run " the hotel, while the other should devote his cmrgies, and these were by no means in- considerable, to obtaining visitors and customers to the same. In furtherance of this object they pur- chased a ve.sacl which had been running on the Niagara below the Falls to ply for pas- sen. ers between Toronto and the isUud. This, under command of L. J. Privat, they called the Peninsula Packet, but it is very doubtful if one person in a hundred who visited the Island by her means ever knew whather real."name was.foi- from the mode by which she was propelled she was invariably known as '* the horse boat," and by none other. She was by no means a very large vessel, bein? only sixty feet in length by twenty three feet wide, and had what are now known as side wheels. These poddies were set in motion by two horses who trod " horse boat," still remembered with affec- tion by many residents of Toronto in the •' forties" and very early "fifties." The old vess<.4 was. in 1850, taken off her route. L J. Privat then built a steamer, called the Victoria, with a steam engine of 25 horse power, built by Mr. James (Jood, of Toronto, and ran it as a ferry from Mr. Robert Mait- land's wharf, foot of Church street, every hour from 10 o'clock a.m. until 7 p.m. every day curing the summer, returning at the half hour to the hotel on the Island, until the end of the year 18f3, when he .suid the Victoria to (ieorge Tate, Esq., then super- intendent of the Grand Trunk Railway, and ran it for them until the fall of 1855, after which he moved with his family to tiie then "bush" of the township of Uentinck, County Grey, where he lives now (1893). Mr Knott, the soap manufacturer, owned one of the early soap factories of Toronto, which was situated on the Island, near und east of the site of Privat's house He also had a soap factory near the Hon. William Allan's wharf at the foot of Sherbourne or 1^1 li- '(■:■ I 1 1 '■ 764 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Frederick street, and converted some of the ■torchouses belonging to Mr. Allan into tiie factory. Mr. Halloway. the lirst keeper of the lighthouse, had the (irst liousu on the Island. It was close to the lif^hthou^e, about 30x20, and was built of frame. It stood noith-wesr, of the pp. sent lif,'hli.oute. He had two or three (iaiii^htcrs and a nephew who lived with him Mrs. Ilailoway had a narrow escape friiiii drowning, being rescued by Capt, Mc(!ill Strachan, and ever after- wards \\ lull slie would meet him she made him tlKJroui^'lily embarrassed by throwing her arms about him, and once, 'tis said, .she ki:-'.=ifd him. '1 he lit;hlhou.- and where . everal years later was also wrecked the steamer Southern Belli". There is not much more to relate respecting the old Island. Among the fishermen who lived thee were David Ward and William I ( I I < m 0^ ii'i i; ■'■ n itL . I ■I t vH'' IS lljrill ,1 ■■,• [■'\^i ■ ', Mi ll: !5 • n * 11 !'?}:'.' :: 1 ■; 768 LANDMARKS OF TOllOXTO. » LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. d-(0Wb\ND5 A\ILLS 1S40 — !■■ I IMH I trAWBTQN MttlS. _jLv, ■wi^m^iv^^-.^^:^ Strowger, who were partners. David Ward wos succeeded by liis son William, who was born on tho Island in 1848 and still resiilos there, having a sort of general charge. William Geddes and John Jordan were aUo well-known fishermen. They, like thebcafh upon they often liauled up tiieir nets, have cone elsewhere never to return. To return for a few moments to Louis Jos«ph I'rivat. During tho time he lived on the Island two of his family wore born ; one of these fought on the Federal side all through the War of Secession, being twice wounded, once most severely. Ho still lives, though in soinowhat shattered health L. J. Privat was as humane a man as he wa» enterprising, and on several occa.'taiu to-day, hut liad also for nearly two M=^^ miles of t!io (listan-'o to pass througli a orost almost untouched by the axe of tiie lumberman, and in wliioh bears, as late as 1840, we-e still to bo found, besides game ot many dififoront descriptions. V\ hero tho Suburban electric car track on Dundas street, to the o.xlrenio west of Toronto Junction, HOW turns out of that thorough- faro and runs almost at a right angle to- wards the lake, was all but unbroken forest save for the road ruiming through its midst. J4J;av ng Toronto and proceodiug west on f)iuida3 street towards the Hum- ber, the last house on tho left hantl side for nearly two miles was in 1849 a ymall wooden tenement, some few hundred yards to tlio ve.Ht of the junction of the then con- cession, uow Keele street, with Dundas street. On the right hand aide, Runny- inede, Mr. John Scarlett's residence, erected in 1838 and situated about a third of a mile from the concession, was the last building from there until the site of the old racecourse on the Hnmber plains was reached. All was bush land, on the southern side of the road, almost to the lake, and on the opposite side also for a distance of near- ly it not quite two miles ;o the north. The race-course known as Scarlett's ground was on the plains lying to the north of Dundas street, bounded on the east by the concession runnius; towards Weston, and on the west by the woods on the top of the hill overlooking the Hnmber. it is fully described in another chapter of the Landmarks, no more need be said of it in this sketch. Passing the race coarse on the right was a famous tavern, kept for many years by a .Mr. Featb vrstoiie, and at race times a great resort for those who fre- n I'm: ■l' ■it m ' ■ /Hi 11 ,1 m !: I'! 718 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. qmanUd ihoae meetings, '[ixen is still an bote OD the same spot, but tho old hostolry, beloved as a calliiii^' place by tho Weston and Idimico farmurs, aa well as by tlie sporting fraternity, has given place to a more pre- te'itiuns though probably not more comfort- able dwelling. Closely adjacent to this tavern stood, in 1849 and for many years afterwards, thn well-known flour barrel manufactory of Mr. A. 1) Arche ; this coiisisteil of two buildings di>tani from each other about fifiy yards. The first was that in which tho ribs of the barrcl.i were put together, the socoiul thfit where llic}' were headed, luiishod and Bliipped to the tuitouier.s of the firm. A great deal of amusuun-ut was alibrded the despatched from tho former to the latter, they were shot along thii slide with wonder ful rapidity, as many as '280 and even 300 boing sent down m half an hour. Occasion- ally it happened that one of the bairels was arres td midway in its progrcis, either through being made badly or from some other cause. IJefore it could bo removed or started again on i s journey, it was gener< ally struck by the next one descending, when both always toj)plo 1 over and were dashed tn piuce.s below. Th s, when it happened, alsvayd afl'orded the crowd of young folks who were wato iiig and admiring tho oper- ations immense gratilication, and was gi'ueraily gn-'tttid willi a shrill clieer Ai the Loitum of the hill on tho right was a •mall boys of the neighbourhood once or twice a day by the mode adopted to pass the partly-finished goods from one building to the other. The finishing shop was bomc ten or twelve feet lower than the one where the barrels were beeiUB. This was owing partly to the mode of its construction, and partly to the fact that it was on the desc nt of the hfOl, while tb« former was on the BBmmit A Ion? slide exactly resem- bling a ladder with range twelve or fifteen feet apart, extended from the firit to tiM aecoBd shop, and when a sutQ- fltont MiiBb«r of barrela were ready to be large tavern, still extant, much used by farmers and others who had business in the neighborhood. Next to that again was Howland's store with its fli.'ht of broad, wooden steps, some twenty in number, cending to it from the street. This L has not been altered in any material for more than forty years, and it is, n >re assured, practically in the same state i^w externally as when it was built. Immediately in the rear ot the store there was erected by Mr. F. A Howland a hand- some brick residence, facing the river, of which ther^ j a sketch giTen. It still LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 789 F'Ai-10VVLAND5ilOU5f: J^MLiTON. sxistB anil is ocoupicd by Dr. Co ton On tlie right I ami side of Uiimlas street, goiiiL; west aftfr crossing the ilumlier an i asc 'Ufling tiic hill, were several small hoii.*cs, all built of wcoci, and still remaining: (IHOIJ) in nnicli tho samo stuto as they wore foily-fivc yt.irs c'lyo. Almost at the top of the hill was a small cooper's, or rather \vhcel\vri<,'ht;; Bliup ; the I'Usines • has disappeared, lthon;,di till' liuildini; remains. Next to it was a black Biiiith'.s shop, which is there now as it was in the •' Forties." In fro it of this shop stood for many years, linally disappearing about ISOO. a curious contrivance which was used for shoeing oxen. It consisted of a frame work, four feet wide, of strong hardwood bars about four inches square, and six feet long, dovetailed into four posts about five feet high and six inches square, forming the corners of '.he stand, and resting on a substantial floor of two-inch planks. There were three of the horizontal bars on each side of the frame, and on the top and ends it was held tnnether in its length and width by timber he same size as the posts. At the upper II, 1 of tnis contrivance, midway between | his death in 1867. the two corner posts, were two perpendicu- ] tirely rebuilt. A It was an operation not often performed, and when it was, wa5 iitt ended with a great deal of trouble, not only to the worknian, but pretty ypnerally to tin; ox This repre- sents a jihaso of colonial life long {>assed away, but tiiere are still many living who can remember wlien sucli an occurrence was by no means uncommon. PM j If 1 ■■^M 11 H!:^ ***-it'' li'.' "?! ■K1 M J 5 ■it: m ¥'i i ii m tji 770 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1854, and Public sohocis are \< ilhin enyy dia- t«nc« of kU th« rcsiJenU ot that iuciility, but it le yet standing and is used as a place of wcrthip by tlis IVjinan Catholics. As- cending St. George'8 Hili, at itp. Bummit ou tin) ligiit, stood, in 1848, the recently erect- ed church belongiui/ to '■.he Anylioaii coin- aianlon known a» St. (leorgc'n, I'ltohicoka, row as luiinston. It was aitacliod lo the lectory ci Mimico, <«'i;ich li.iii, prior to 1848, as roct-or the P.srerend hocior i'tiillips, who was ehaplsin lo th» Lugislattve Assembly, and WAS noted in the time of tlio rebellion of 1837 f'>r h;a uncompromising Toryism, tbi.ti his mdnereiice to the political parly known as the " family compact.'' i he kite \\ illiain Lyon Mackenzie on more than one ccca-iui: sinjijled lum out aa a victim for his Iti is now necessary to refer to the eastern 'lide of Dundas street, opposite Scarlett's race course. Here on the brow of the hill were two houses which hu i originally b«en a waggon aliop.but were con- verted into '1 welling houses by Mr., now Sir, William IVaice Howland. One of tiic.-fo was occupied by Mr. Howland him- .self until 1854, when Mr Pele;,' Howland lived in it, after the destruction by tiro of his tir.-ii residence, which occupied the .site upon which F. A. Howland afterwards built the house already spoken of. PassiiiLr a hundccd yards or so lo the west an i on the veiy edge of the hill orerlookint; liie lliun- bcr, '.viis Mr. l>"Arche's house. I'olh it and Mr. Howlftud's (hvellinu' luive been lit'J.c t.llcrcd in the la.st forty years. Sonic lev" OBsparins' invective and biting sarcasm. Dr. Phillips was never backward in retort- ing, though it must be confessed he gener- ally came ofT second best in these encounters, *'t. (Jeorge's presents no architectural oeauty. tliough it is prettily situated, in 1848 Dr. Phillips rejigned; he was succeeded by the Rev. H. C. Cooper, a 15. A. of Cam- bridg.', who for nearly thirty years held the factory He died in 1877, and of hiin it waa remarked at his death, " that he never lost a friend or made a.i enemy !"There is one distinction attached to>t. (^eorge's tiiat is ■nhappily shared by very few Anglican thuiches in the Province of Ontario ; it is free from debt, and being consecrated for divine service, is with its surrounding erave yard, the absolute property of the Episcopal body. very small tenements were closely adjacent, one occupied by a man named (Jood, a iiiill- wriglit of enormous stature, being six feet nine tall. At the bottom of tiio bill was Howland'i ilotir mill, and in its rear a small disrilk-ry, also the property of the fnmiiy. The prfscut mills were built in 1843. Strictly speaking, they were rebuilt, for they occupy the site of an older naill purchased by Mr. Flowland from one Thomas Cooper. The latter at one j lime owned a wliarf in Toronto, which he exchanged wilh another member of his I family for Lainbtoii mills. This old mill was of very primitive fashion. It had only one " boiilt" and one " hand-packer," and I the whole ()f the gearing, with the exception i of the gudgeons and spiiiille,-!, was of wood. j It was worked by water, of course, and had LAN i>M AUKS 01-' TORONTO 771 »vn.*ti3now most uniisii.il, ai\ undershot wlieel. It was 40 )■}• 50 feet and two ur.ila .I'alf storeya high. Tlic lU'w mills uere most euccestiful, though Mi. ilowUnd met with no small nmount of ot>noaitioii, which by dint of en rpy and persevenvucc he over- c;vme They narrowly eseapcil destiuction ill ISoO throujjli k terrible freshet «liioh •wepL away the 11 umber and al.so the i)o!'. bridges. i<'i ty years ago, just where ti\c S resent head gates arc for the mill of lo- •,y,was a sawmill, built by VVillium Cooper ill 1812. It was puUoil down a few years laier. The old mill i)uroliasod bj' Mr. Rowland Ls saiil to have lieeii tiie second one erected in Toronto Township, F.irr's, of We^tou, bein^ the tirsU C'rosaing the Hum niill.'i, which were situated on the banks of Hie Huiiiber, about a ({uartcr of a mile to to the south east of wheue the river is crossed by Lambton bridge. C.osely adjoining tha nulls only on the lop of the river's bank, while lliey, of course, were at the bottom, was MillwofKi, the r sidence for nearly thirty-live years of .Mr. Tho.s. Fisher. Iliesc mills were built by that gentleman for gri ding wlitut, and • ever \xs' \ in his time for any other purpose. Now tney form a portion of an extensive "ehoddy'' manu- factory, and present no resemblanco what- ever to their original appearance. Millwood, Mr. Fisher 3 hoiae, shown in the engriiviiig, though deprived of nearly all the splendid trees that originally surrounded it, id not WiLLlAn Ga/ablls §tcre^ - <(COK£:; Iro^ '^^E^^^S^W '■A: ^ -"'^K- ^^:^^:^v !/' r-i'; mt bcr ;o the left of Dundas street, about one liur.r^.ied yards to the east of th ■ bridge; over thj river, stood for many years, being first erected about 1840, a stone laiilding its machinery driven by water power, used as a wool cardinfi! mill, aitd the business carricl on by Mr. William Gamble, who has before been n eutioned. Mr. Gamble gave up the trade in 1856, and the mill was closed, and after being used for diflfereut purposes was filially palled down. Ascending the hill wers tw9 frame houses about one huudreU yards apirt, and they arc there yet, scarocly altered in any particular. Just before the top of the hill was reached, branching ofT to the left as one proceoiled westward. vati a narrow lane Icadini: to Millwood altered from what it was when first com pletcd, aboHi IS.'JO. Mr Fisher, who lesided there so long, was a Yorkshire man by birth, ooniing from I'ontefract (sometimes pronounced Pomfret), whc^re he was born in the year 1790. His early ilays were p ssed in that lovt^ly old town, where is the castle in which Richard II was imprisoned and died, and where Vaughan, Grey and Rivers were, with the tacit »pprovalof Richard III, put to death. \\ hile yet a \ory young man Mr. Fisher removed from I'ontefract t» Leeds, where, on January 4lii, \H\'.\, he was married to Miss Sarah Svkcs, of that ancient town. 8ix years later he came to (.'auuda, l>oing followed in 1821 by his wife. Mr. Fi-^her first settled near where London, th« F^ 1 ■m 772 LANDMARK'^ OF TORONTO. " Millwood' Jlh. i 1 SllER •Ifo.nL-STf.AD 'va a sand road with no houses on eilhi--f side and destitute of a side- walk, V. e again come bank to Dundas street aiiil turning to the left proceed westward ttnvards St. George's ilill. On tlie left hand side of the rood, now thickly built upon, were only a few scattorcil houses. Jnst w st of Fisher's lane w;i.s Dr. Phillips' residence, th(?ro being no recloiy attached to St. George's, and next to it a building UHod by Mf •■amble o^ a general atorehouse for his place of Uusitiess, almost, opposite. Further to the west again, on thn corner of the concession (goiiiE towards Mimico) and Dundas atrt-ct, was a tavern kept for some time by a famous horse dealer called Samuel Guppy; it never being %^ry well patronized it was closed many ^ ears since. Between the uvft n and St George's Hill were two or three very Bmall hoiiswi and nothing else, and 30 the description of Etobicoise ends at this point CHAPTER CCXXrX. AN EARLY INDUSTRY r«r IMnkinK Carriages, Ueaplos Machines auu Cab«. From 1837 until 1849, ob the ait* of the prescut Confedoration Life Building on Vic'tofia street, about one hundred yards north of Adelaide Ktre t. wivs situated the well-known carriage and farmins/ implement maiiufaetcH'y belougiBg to John iioll. He was kjiown all over the ihen Home District M makers of farming implemonts of the newest patterns and with the latest improve- ments. He made not only reaping ma cSines but fdoughs, h rrowR, cuUivators, liorHC lakes, and seec' drills. Tiesides this decidedly misjella eous assortment of good." lie built heavy waggons, and ho also : was able to make far more carriat;e3,b\i-*ition. ! It is said by old rebidi-iit^ in Toronto that Bell built the tirst reaping inaehines ' ever made ia Canada. He wa- an ex ' hibitor of ;liese imp'.enuhis at the Pro- : ^incial Exhibition held in llauiilton in ; 1847, and obtained .i diploma for "Jic same. This honorary distinction is still extant ' and in po'jse.ision of one of the ; members of .Mr. Bell's family. Boll only lived to complete about twenty ie:i.piiitf machines ; he fell a victim to the cholera ' epidemic prevailing in Toront.o in IS-IO. [ The late Mr. (leor^'e Crooksh^ak was one of Mr. Bell's earliest cuitomera. He pur- cha- d one of the lirar, it not the very first, machine built at the Victoria street factory, and nlaoed it on his Youge .stre>.'t farm, ten miles north of Toronto. There was a .reat prejudice against these machines in the minds of the working clas.ies of th.e day. as they were fearful that their introduction would afTcel tie rate of w.iges. Threats to burn the barns arid other farm iniildin s be- longing to Mr. Crookshank were freely in- : dulged in, but were, hi»ppily for all partiea, never carried into effect. Bell claimed for j his reaper that it would cut ten acres of I wheat oats i r barley daily. Whether it was quite as great a uccess as this is not known, but at any rate Mr. C'rooksluin.; was fully satisfied with his bargain. Besides making carriages, waggons and 1 agricultural implements, Mr. Bell built the ! first cabs ever used on Toronto »tre«.'t8. [ Like the steamers on the lake and the earlier locomotives on the railroads, they all had a name ; the first one was called " (ieneral Wolfe," the next " Wetlin.tou,' and a ' third was known to fame as "General llrock." They, like the iieroes whose names they bore, have long .since become extinct, there being ver> few in Toronto who e- en remember them. As has be' :n already mentioned, .\lr. Bell died in 1849 He was emphatically "an honest man," and that the poet tellis us " if the noblest wcrk of (iod. " n i \:- i I ■ ;' LANDMARKS OV TORONTO. I! CHAPIEK CUWX. THE OLD lOOTH REGIMENT. Formnilflii of • iV" 'i'lmr III II I KrniiiiUreiirr of «bf> K<-;:liiifnt tliHt llMil Ml Mad) <'iiuKdlnu». Th«rn art; f«w reailera of the Laiuiiniirka n'ifi have fi)rfi;()lt«ii the stirring ovciits of tli« Indian Mutiny of ISAT 6S, wli»ri each Euro- pean niitil tnuu^iil !r<'.>li titlin^.s of out- r:\gCA and atrocities c.innnitioJ by the niutia ous Sep;iy8, and wlieij !'.; itain's supremacy ir. iier uasiiMn diMninions oeeined for » time :> bo trcmlilin:; ii\ the baloknco It was at ''i:s pi-rioi, wlion the horrors of ("luwnpori', th« lieroic defence of Luck now, und the iiwYery of our troops in their attack apon Delhi, filled everyone's mind, and w^iun tfce names of Colin Campboll, Outrain, ■U.iveloc'k and Inglis were as familiar aa household word* tliiit the lOUth Iloj{inieut •ivsl. camu into existttucr. Seven cities are s-iid to ••iiiin the honour of lieinj; the birth- li'.ACi! of ilonuT, but at leool three time« ihal numbn;- of p opla have sought to obtain (.he di»tiiietii>n of being the first to suggest that Canada not only waa willing but was a\-o iiblo to raiae a body of troops to tciiftt the motlier country in h«r need To u ■ oiTr ill part-jcular can ihi.s hnnoor be '.i^litly |2ivfn. The nwiting of the 100th rvegimciit vva due to the tact thai not only dnriu^ ili<> N'utiny, but previously, when ihe CrinuMU Wivr waa racing, Canadian feel- ing aiul piitri ti.sHi had bjAii sl^roo-jily aroused, and many of our public nviu openly a\ pressed the demre ot the p«t>p!e to give *A\u rible proof of tht' devotiou of Canada to I'.u^ir (^nrcn and to the defence of tko Uritiy the Xliiiistry of the tiuM to Sir EdaNind ■>V. Head, tlvcn (lovernor-Ceneral of Ca- Ma^\h. He duly represunttfd them to tl)« tlouH' Ciovernmcut, who $;ratefuUy acknow- lei.l^ed the loyalty of the colony and acceptttil tlie o lur made to rai«e a body of troopii which war to he called tlv« 100th Prinoe of VValua' Hviya! Canadian ftegimoBt, 'llie Gioveruai'- Gonoial waa eaipctwerod to grant couiiuw- liou^f! in tbis eorpa to one major on the ooa Jition that he nM«ed two hundred men, to $i captains who had Mkch to briug eiabtjr rccr\ii!s, to eight Ueatenaata who were (o be Tespjnsit>lc for half of th»t uumbar oaly, and to four ensi^na who ha tivj Canadian captiiius instead of »ix, ksd five fccioii.'iiH instead of fsvr. The following is a •o'.nplete liat of the firct oflken of tbe rofti- Bieni. I hose distinguished kgr an asteiiik itere Canadioua, those by a doabh Mieriak wero also Uppw Canada College boys, and tboao by a diii{gut.-Co>l ' cArTAis* : ' T. L M. Weguelin, John CUrkc*, ' Brevet Major, T. Vf. \\. Smythe*. R H. Ingram, C-eorge McCartney* P. G. H. Lake, (jJhan J. ( Wk", lienry Cook, Rlcharfl C. ^rice*, James Clery, (; P. Blake iiunry li. firowne, ; V. c, ' LiBirrKNANTa : George B. ConUon, Louis A. C'nanlt*, 'John lyiet, L C. A L. Dc KcKe L C. A fonille*, Phillip Dcrbirfhirc*, Alfred K. Kykeri'*, Chas. H. Cairiero*, Bv. T Oucbeaiiey*, Brown \VaUi3*\ JatRos Lamb, F. W. lieu well, H«Dry L. >»ieholl,s, Joseph Dooly, liicUwd L Bayttff, J no. Pletdver , KNSiONS : I G. McD. MoorHoiu„ Gluts. A l'o«1»on**, Frod. Morrie, T. H. lULLvin**, ! Jbo Gii.bs Ridimt**, W. 1'. Clartte*. \ lienry E. Daridsoii*, PAVMAfVSK : Joseph lYutchiB.soo. QHAnTr.K MAirnui : George Gran t.4 WiiUam ^anwtt ASSISTANT SirKdRONS: Thomas Liddard, D^iiuel Miirrajr. The contmaniling officer, Coio w l de Rot- tenburf(, M'as a mtM of Iefere leaving Torento to assume cofumand of ('he regfimeat, Co1y purchase, sucoeed^cl to the c<)ninian( I wliich was a rendezvous for the leorui'Jiv/ ! panics, for the purpo.se of learning how f,l>> j work was projirossing. What with watctr ing the marching of recruits to the statiar, j en route to Que'oe •, listening to the mu.sic of the drums and fifes and aiiiniring tiie g.'vv riblnms and scarlet jackets of the recruiti.'jg ! sergcau*.-, the town-'p-ople were pretty wei': ! employed r'ariy in the month of June,, [ 1S.")8, the first (ietaehmeni ot the lUi'iL Rettiiiienc sailed from Quebec for Englaoc ' under the ci.'minaad of Colonel do Molten I burg A few weeks later Colonel tiordoii of the 17th lieyiineut followed in charge ->C I the second (x>rtion, and very s!u ily a;tef- wards Major L>unu emliar.od with tlie re- mainder of t e corps. Thei:' first quarte.s were at Shorncliffe, and there under ih* tutelage of uou-conimidsioned officers I'roir. the Guards, all ranks were initiated iiix the mysteries and intricacies of drill. After six months tuition the services of the. (lUard.smen were dispenscil with, the l\oy&i t anadians being then able to con p^ire favorably with any other infanttj corps, not even excepting the Gu rod claM of leeniit.? lecured Iiui'ing tiie T,-holo time th* depot of the re^imuut way jUtioit«d in Cttiuula, there was only one oatirt martial aod not one case either of die crauefui uoaduct or of d*serti«u. Ou the recruiting depot being withdrawn from Canada, Captain Clarke exchanged into the Koyal Canadian Rifles and Lieutenant Flet- •har r«lircd from tlie service, mbsequently txtcoiiuug oolonei in the Canadian Milita. In December, 1858, the officer ooin- nanding the lOOtli Regiment was inforin- td by ttie (/omm&nder in-chief that on the lOtfa of the following month the l*nnce of Wales would visit Shorncliffo for die purpose of inspecting; the reginieul and ?ir(i8«utiug it with it« colors. This was elt by all ranks of the regiment to be a very iiigh oouipliment. His Royal Highness had jast been gaz(.*tted to a colonelcy, but had as yet .iiade no public appearance in any capa- •iby, and his choosing this occasion for his Srat acL was very gieatly appreciated by •ffiocrs and men. Un the morning of the day fixed for the ceremony the ree'imcnt waa lirawn up in line waitin;,' for the Prince to .iirive. This he did precisely at noon, Mid ke was accompanied by the Dal;c af Ci^mbrige, Major-Gcneral Viscount Melville and nearly all the otlicers of the SborncliUe and headquarters staffs He was received with a royal salute, the troops pre- senting arms, and the bands playing the Tjatiomil anthem. It is worthy of remark thai' the Prince's escort from the railway station to the camp was a troop of tiie 11th Hui^sars, the same regiment in which Major T>uiiu had, as a subaltern, fought so bravely and achieved such renown, and some of the rerv men who had that day escorted the Prince had but very lit*le more than four yea>s previously followed Dunn in the glo- rious but fatal charge " into the Valley of Death. ' The Priivje, after acknowledging the salute, rode slowly down tiie rank-i of the regimiiot. He was foHowe i by t c Duke of Cambridge, who, ona ot the London papers of the time re«ord'3, was " pa ticu- larly struck with the fine body of men com- posing the 100th. " 1 he inspection over, the troops formed three sides of a square, with the drums in the centre, npon whieh reeted the oolen. They were take > from there by Brevet iieutenant-Colonel Robert^ou aod Major Dnon, and by them handed to the Prince. He in turn binded them to the two senior enaigus, C M. Moorsom and J. G. RiJout, who witn bonded knee t«ok them from his iiandk. In preitoatiag the colors Hifl Royal Hii^incM said :— "Ixird iVlelvilb, t olonel de Bottenb'irg and officers and men of tiie IQOth Regiment — It is moit gi atifyinj; to IB4! that by the Qnecn's gracioas permit)' sion, my first public act since I have had the honor of holding a eommission in the British army should be the presentation of colors to a regiment which is the spontaue- out offering of the loyal and spirited Cana- ro! o into open column of LOinpanics and marched pa!t>. In 1S68 itas^ain sailed for Kngl;viul,and iu 1877 embai kcd for India, where it rnuain^d at the close of Amritia; la erotlicuraeif tho Royal Canadians may be mentioned Huf;li Rowhiudp, V.C., DOW Lieutoiiantiicneral, a gallaut and dis- tingai-shcd soldier, who foughc biavely in the Crimea. Ila for some mciiths in 1860 was junior Major of ti.e lOOtli, and was sue- seeded by .%!ajor Henry Stiatton Bush from the 4lst Fo it, al.^o :> Criinoiui liero, having thsre lost the th.R use of his left arm. Henry J. iJras^^it, late of the 10th Royals and Chief of I'olice, Toronto, held a commis- sion therein for ai out nine years, being Adjutant, and an eflicivant one, for a con- sidorabla period. I'obert Edward Colborne Jarvts w*s aho a subaltern in tho 100th in the early days of his nailitary oareer. He exchanged in 1880 into a regiment serving in India, and was with (ieneral Roberts on his famous march to Candahar. Henry A. ^oDSs, one of the well-known I'rockville {amily, was another of its junitr officers ; he diod gcreral years ago. The first colors of the 100th (now the first Lein>ter Regiment, it having with other infantry corps lost iks numerical distinction) were a feiv 'ears ago deposited in the Parliamentary library at Ottawa. There Uioy !k ii^' over the clock, MTTing as a mute meinoriul of the only Colonial regiment ever raised for general Mrrios in the British Empire. CHAPTER CCXX.Kl THE THIRD YORK MILITIA. Their HisCory aiitl llieir ('Al»r«--Proiii|. neiil Men Wbs Have Served as Coniuiig- •loncd onirers Tliereln. The Third York Miiiti* Kagimenb was first enrolled in tiie year 1811 or in the very early days of 1812, aud consiktud of two battalions, ths ICaat and West York, though at a later data oth r additions weru made to it. ft is to the East York Mlliii^i that this article now particularly refers. The following is as aecuiately as *an be ascertained a list of ttis coinmissioned otii- coes belonging to the corps in Jannary, 1813 : Lieut nank-C-elonel — William Chew ett .Major— \Villiam Allan. Captains — .John Button, .lohu Wilson, Peter Robinson, John Arnold, James Ken wick, James .Mustard, Duncan Cameron, Havid Thomson, John Robinson, Siiraiipl Ridout, Thomas Hamilton, John Bum, \'\ illiain I'arvis. Lieutenants— John H. Shult2,George .Mus- tard, Burnet Vanderburgh, Bobart Stnnton, George Ridout, *'^^■lllialn Jarvia, Edward iMc.Mahon, John Wilson, Eli Playter. •Another Ust givoj this name as Samuel Jnrvis. Ensigns — Andrew Thorn, A. SnialJcy, Donald McArthur, William Smith, AiKirtvr Mercer, James Chewett, George Kuck, Edv/ard W. Thomson, Charles Uenison, George T. Denison, D'Arcy Uoulton, aud Quarter- Master Charles Bay ties. What a hoit of recollections this old list recalls ! Colonel Chewett, though Ion;/ years since a mi mber of the great and silent majority. has nr.SMiy direct desceu- dauts re:~idin>{ in Toronto and in the province of which it is the capital. Kind, genial, WHIiam Allan is still happily represented by bis ion, and it .seems but tho other day, thou 4h it is a generation, since Peter t'obinsoa was gatlitred to his frvthcrs. James Fenwii.k lias grandsons jtt i^; To- ronto, and there are many diiect dcsten- 4. uts of Duncuii (.'ameron 'David and E'lw;M:d W. 'I homson were uncle and nephew respectively. Iheir de- cendauts arc far too numerous to refer to even in the slightest detail. John Robinsi.n was afterwards Cliitf Justice of Upper ("anada. He "stands among our best aud noblest, now his long day's work has t eased " Charles aud (it.iirge Dcnison were br.thers. The tirst died in the i arly "twenties," leaving no (k'Hcend;i.nts. The latter was the owner of Bellevae, Toronto. Among the other officers the Ridout, IIO.V. All, MAM AFJ.AN. O]'. ; I 1 h1 4 if !i ft i! Jli i M! i ■<■■ f; 1; 1 i- h it v V; . i ^ i : I hh\ ^-t LANijMAP.KS UK TORONTO. 77» Hamilton, Renlton, larvin, ^tivnton rm I Morcer fftiiiilics hiive ■ill [d ij-'-il a Ifailiii;^ p,krt in Ckuailian |iiilili(! life A ftortioii (if tho Tliinl Vorl; Kutfiiiiciu were proneiit nl tin- sici;.! lunl crtpturc of De- troit in tlio ( arly 'lays of nf ilin w;ir of iSl'i, Aiid atsQ at (jiK'i'iistdii ili'i;^IUs in (>ctiil>er of the i^arne yniir, wIirii Itrock aiiJ iio«tt In thft i'Ti\''t woriln nf ttie papor which hai liceii a1ri'alord of the regiment. So far as we could learn they iiad been for many years iu the custody of the late t)oluncl Du^^gan, but he was dead. None of his family could give us any information about them, and the niilitia aut orities were ontirely ignorant of what had become of tiiem " Colonel Deaisou died in ISTfS., and 1 had FiOarly given up the search as hopel ts, when one day 1 received a letter from my friend, the lata Mr YenniuKS I'aylo*-. * • • " This set rue on a fresh =*arch again, and, finally, through the 1 itid assisiance of Mr. K. il. Duggan, a son of th« lat' Recorder Duggan, who had taken a great deul of inter- est in tha matter, the two tiags, the t^uceu'a color and the white silk tlag, were found in a very sorry condition in the attics oi .he Normal school buildings. "It seems from all I could learn that when the buildings were first opened a conversa- zione was given there in honor of the titco CktveraorCicD r*!, Lord J&lgin. Flags were -5 II ]■ ■ iV U) 'i m-.\ '. i H l^i! i t O ■ i 'I i!(.:''M 782 LANDMARKS OF TORON i 0. borrowtfd ■wherever they could kt obtaiurd to d««or?kti>. the roc m^, and these ainoi/g the rewt, and but for ttio diligint seftich made for iheui, t^«y wouhi probab'y liave luiii there until ihey had entirely t'a.lloii to iiicco . "Of course I was oidy to j ejoiced to yccuie these two tta;,'9, even in their datnaijed coii- diti'in, Luc vih c I oxcctidirigly re r t is, that t'.ie legiuiauiitl color, wliicli 1 p'jr- feci'.y reco'lcPt li'iviu>( S'-eii .vheu a hwy — twji! which had 'Dutroit," ":- toi.ey C-reek," luiil other places vvii ro the iLittk com;)utiie3 of V'c veiiinuul wore eiigfigcd -wor: ed in yellow silk ou the bunting, is I fuii" hopo- lea.-dy hi-t. "I havo i!i,»d.? dil jjent scarcii a,nd enquiry eV'.'ry where where I thought it was iit all likely to be f iind, but in vain, and if au was proljcibly t'.o c.i.-.e, it wa^i lent with l.he others, .iU uba occasion I h.vve isferred to, tve shall never 1 /car see iJie Id lligag.iin.' These colore were presvrv. i all tliroitjh the rctuikiiider of ihc war of 18i'2 ;ind eii ecuBtered fiome siDyular vicissitude , bein;i;, it ia said, on one occasion buiir'd in a f^ardeu to v'rcvtHb oven the posfilility cf their bcinjT captired, but siix^e th o war were uev 'T unfurled, except i;i presciioj of au admii iuji t ublic. 1 lie last time they are krown to htive bt?en UJn-d i^y the uuiilia was in i'"!.")!}, on the occasion of tlie inauj;uratio!\ of ' ieueral llrcck;. uioinnient by tJenoral Sir Fenwick Wiiliams of Kar^. Tiio ''"aft York Iloijiini'nt was not embodied aj,-ain after peace wivs proclaimed iu 1815, uijt-il tlie re ellion of Isy", when il'ij officarg were as foUov.'s , — j Colonel — (Jeorco Uu.'rgan. Lieut. -C olouel—.Iohu VV. Gamble. Majors — J. H. Bf(.> )I>.s, .'-'air.u.'l Xalioa Caiittviits — M'iliiftin l.Jaldwin, John ! aylor, John I'laytor. Alex. Murray, 'ieorgo buij- gan, jr., Jain> » Itrown, James Beatty, Jolia fSproule, Thomas IXiinie Harris. Lieute.naiits — IMwc-ird lliichina, Thomas Bell ti, Morri on, Joseph Woikmar,, William Cawthra, Thomas Milburn, N'icholaa Ciikwfor.l, Johu Duggun, John Wartfe, .1. D. Rilout. Knsif;!!* — W A. (iledde^, Peter Heward, A. Mchoneil. D. Patterson, B. VV, Roberts, Kdward Nation, A. 11 milton, Johu Moore, .At llie clos of tho ebellion, with the ex- ception of the aanual mu.-.ter, no furth r doty w s exacte ! from the East York, and ia ISoo, on tbe roorgaiiiiatiou of the entire militia »f both Upper aod Ixiwer Canada, it ceased to exist. Hefore ttloaing this .vrticlc a few words TMiy be said in reference to the Queen's col- or, which is none otiier than the Union Jack of the present day, which has been, as it ia now, with its triple rTovsen, binee tho union of ( reat Britain and lielaud in ItJjl It may be thus described : — It groundVf'ori^ is blue, and uo litis i» fiiiU placvd a white cross, I'lagonally laid, the widih of which is ouc-tifth the width or boi.st of the flng ; that is to say, if the Sag is V) ft. long in the fly an^i 15 ft. wide in the hoist, the St. .-\ri- drew's Q-Ag ia three feet wi e. On thir. cro -i '.s placed the red diatjonal eros.i of St. Cat- rie , one fifteenth the widlii of the flae, with a white border, or timbr.ution, of 'luo- thirtieth tbo width ! bus one-half ot the w'lite crc<-.s is covered by the red cros^ and its white border, but as the St. Andrew's cross represent'^ the senior member of tlie trio in the Union, tim white is uppermost in the f5r.st quarter uf the llag. 'I'hcii on to[) of these is a \» iut,> U[i;'i'^ht cro.s oivi; third the width of thi tiajj, and on this ngaiu i* tho rid cross ou\'- hfth the width, thu.s leavin^j the wiiiie cros." sh( winy a^ a boiiler for the diT<;;'e:ice i ) their reMpeclive vvidih.'<, or ouo-lifteenth th'- width of the tlag. Thus, supposkig tiic tbi: is .'10 feei ion;; and 1.5 feet wide, the upriu'lic crof o of red is 3 feet wide, wiih a wiiiic border 12 in. \' ide on either side. 1 he to'al width of liie diagonal cro.«s ia 3 ft., of wiiich in. white, I'i in. red, anil (j in. ,iij;ed the bread w hite npp in;o.~t) quarter aii'l t e naiio-v.- v.hi'e in Tl;e fif.st Union J«ck d^tc^ ru,sa(ies. and th; P' wire v.riius there is IS while, am in the first tho otlicin. from the alterations or additions to its pallcMi iiniil 1801. oiucc then it uas remained unal'ired. Should the dr..-i(;"nda;;t > of those wh.o owa formed t: e Ka.st ^'"ik .^ ilitia fV(r lii called upon to defend it, they no douirt will dc, a.j their forefatli iiii, their duty A Fori;«ttfii Fs^tory. r^ess than forty 2ve years since— in fr.c; as late as 1851 — thero stood on the .wst'iii sieie ol Church, between Cerrard ami Chi- ton itreet.x, the j;lue ''ictory of .Mr. S.iii ucl Carr Beyond this factory there wa.': a iart'o patch of bush land, without any hcR\ y tim- ber certainly, and this was a ^'rcat re.iurt or the idle youths of Toronto. Cliuieh street then only extended to (,'arUon strtet, and for some very .ihorl di>itancc there was a sand road which tern iiiated in thi* wood, which was known as "Molly Woji'a liuah." 'r^ ^ -CzfJ i fc&.i ^ Cftvy titu- ■.■\t re.^ort Cliuioh in sUcet, CO there li ill thii Woy.i'a •!« 1} it 4 vl '.^ m • .1 mi LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 783 CHAFrt.H CCXXXil. j THE QUEEN'S OWN RIFLES- Tbe BatUIIon'* Stary rmm tb« Date of il» toripaiaou Thirty Odd V«art Ago -It* tiood Serrlce o« Many Flaldi. Tbe militiaman cherishing the most pro- per pridfi in his own battalion will aasur ; the civilian that th ■ corps of which he is a moraber has at least one feature wliith makes it pre eminent in Canada's volunteer force. l'c;iiapf, if it be tint he beloii^'a to a lura! b.ttaiion, he will point out thivt in physique the corps is head und ears above anything in the country. Or it may bo that the bat- tiilion possesses an exceptional number of crack shots. Again, the offi'iers maj- bi^ iie inurLest sot in the land, or the adjii ant the oiiiy man in the scrrice who has a proper appreciation of his dotioR. Hnl let any tnember of any curps in the Dominion be a ked which, of all Canadian volunteer organiiations, he esteems the ino t coinplet.' in ever respect, and the answer will c 'me, in nine cases out of t&n, " The Queen's Own Rifles.' So t lig mu.st be one )f the cases in which what everybody says is so. To tell Toron- tonians why it is so would be as nnnecessiry as useless. The Queen's Own Rifles is Canada's crack battalion becAOsc it has won its title to the posit on Many men, f *hws of grown up families now were lua onnf; chaps when the Q. 0. R. forme. 1. Bui one battaliou, the Prince of Wales' Rifles, o ^v'ontreal, is its senior, and that by a scant five mouths. Thereftire, tlie Queen's Own numbers secsud in the list of ninety odd infantry organisations. Jt was a m«mber of the warliJie Denisons who originate.l. in 1860, a plan for the formation of a volunteer ijiittalioD for the eity of Toronto. In 18.'>6 several volunteer rifle companies h.v\ been organised i*i Toronto. Tiiese coinpaikias, wTifle regularly drilled, were separate and independsnt organizations, under the control of the inspecting 6eld officer of the province. Col. Geo. r. Denison, sr., proposed to the Ciovernnient the organisation of a rifle battalion and, the required assent being given, a meeting of the officers of the various c'■ ■i! >1 €nts, ami ihcio were n ■\\\x dilTeiencei in the niiiiuti;vi of the uniform as worn iiy olliiors. In 18G3 tlie Dioi^eiit badcfe was adopted and worn without change until 187.">. when a black enaincliod cross for olH- cer.^ and a scarlet one for sergeants wore .-^u stituted for silver and bron/e re.-jpcotivoly. In February, 1879, the badi^c and ornament.s were ga/.etted as special to the regiment. It wou d . ot be going beyond the truth, as liuown to every ndliliainan in Toronto, to say th.a C'ul \V. D. Otter was the man who brought the regiment from a by no n»eans firm e.stabhshment to tiie j)ro-c!niiient position which it assumed soon after his promi.)tion to important rank. It were a waste of wor^s to tell Toroiiloniaiis of the military abilities of the cotimandant of the Toronto detiuiimcnt of the Canadian R''2;iment of Infantry Col. Oittr lia.s met with na i;rea' success at tlio New Fort as when he com- manded thr Queen'M ( »wii. No higher com- plimi?iit cr.uld be paid. Col Otter joined No. 6 Company upon it.s formation, and served as private and ser- geant. He wag appointed statf-sergeaiit, and shortly afterwardM lieutonant of No 1 s-ervic(? company, wliifli di.l lUv at ^ilacrara for nearly tO'ee inontim in lS6-i. .".at the '■imi" of tlie tirBt Fe ian ^'-w L'ljon ihe r turii ho, 111! of the defenur force he w.>e appoin'f.l lieutenant of No. 1 cojnpany of the repiment, und a few mouths afterwords was advanced to the onerous post of adjutant. He it wa.s who first in.stitiited the keeping of a regi- mental rccortl, the ponderous Tolnnie whi h is now Adjutant Mercer's most valueu charge, the loss of which woHld cause moio wrath to the staff of the reiriinent than the lesi'^iiation of half of the members. •Some of the young men who for pay sit on hijjh stools in d crcliairs' oIli.'.H and write all . out sliii or mis-ftep Had not Col. ( ittei cl!o<'>ii lo make a first-class soldier hi' could have been an exemplar to engrossing ■ lorks the Wdidd over. Lieut. -Col. Otter spent much tim-! and troubhi on the t,jueon's Owi regimental rccoriis, and that wijat may be termed the skeleton ^' the history of the corp.'i u in such perfect condition is du* ta him. THK KIBST I'AllAmO It was on the Oneen':- birthday, bSGO, that the first reaimenlal p\i'ade of tlio battalion was held. Coinpaniss '2, 15, and -1 assemi.iled at 10 o'clock, and after drillin_' for a tin'o, marched through the town to the I'arliament j;ruiinds. where syf/'u ih joir wa.s fired Tile townspeople turned out in great iiumliers, and iii the afternoon the regulars then .--tationcd at the Fort, and the voUui tcers attended the races. It was ill September of the same year that the youthful I'rincc of V^'ale?, under ' ae ciceroiiage of the Duke of Newcastle, visifed Toronto. Tlic Heir Appareut was received with many demonstrations of atfcction. and was furuislied with a guard of honor fiom the regiment, commanded by Capt. Fulton, with Knsign ]5rowii as subaltern. On ^k\it \-2 the corps was reviewed by His Roval iiighness in the Queen's Park. The cim- panies prssent were Nos. 1, 2, .*} :nul 4. the Barrie company having been brought in for the occasion. The various inoveni«nt= were performed very satisfactorily, and the Frince expressed his surprise at finding such a young corps so proficient in drill. At this time No. 2 Conipa y drilled in a large room at the top of the building at tho north oa.sterti corner of King and NoWon (now .la' vim streetK, wldle Compantea ^ 4 and 5 practi.*ed in St. Lawrcr.ce Hall. The soconii y ar of the battalion's hi-tory, LANDMARKS OF TORONia 785 )8GS, was uneventful. The n^aal Qticcn' liirthd*y parade look p)»ce, and on October 18 Comp«nie« 2, .'{, 4 and 5, with ibe first and Second Troops of Vork caTalry aad tiie York Field BaiVory, paraded {•r brigati« drill on the Garrison Common, b*ing inapoctd*! by Lt. Col. Mac[)ougatll, ineptcting Gold ofiicer, lu 1862 the corp^ was put fairly on its feet. By a (KCiierul order dated Vov. mber 31 its strecgtn was incr«aatd by the addition •f the ootup^nies mentione I above, ^^ hila iiie Barrio and Wkiitby conipaniea wore taken off the streiigtk. On September 24 tbe reorganised eorps WM iaapecied on the Spadina Aveuuw C«fniriou« by the Governor Oeneral, Lord Mon«k. Th« day't exorcise^ were marked by a caaualty. Major Brooke beioK thrown from hie horM and haviai; his [»H broken. WINTKK VMFOHM SKLiCCTBD. On Dee. 18 of Ihe same year the ofiicers held a meeting at wki«h it wim decided to wear winter uniforip w> fellowa ; — Darkf^rey ooat ttimnied with grey fnr, £;rey fur cap with blaek leather peak, aad long boots or tnickerbockeM reaching to tlie knee. rh« reinainkig portrion of the uni- form, aays Lieuteuant - Colonel Otter, •' wa« similar (or supposed to be) to that of sfficers of M, M. ntle reginionts. " Tl»« knickerbockers must have b(;«n a curie .is ia- ao-vation in military Miiiforiii. During; iu a ■onth a ba«d waa ffirmed wnder the leader- »liip ot Mr. A. Maui, an Englishman who had acrved in the Imperial army. Althoufjh the reiriment v as young in Tears it wsks nut long before deatli fet its iiark upon one of the Kt»ff. On Jan. 21. M3 .fasistant-Snrgeon Fraiik Bull dieii and was buried with military honorii. At the fauend Companiea 4 ant 6 formed the es ort wder Capt. Ord. Oh February 11 of the »ame jr«ar the first concert and b»ll in aid of the band fund was given in the Music hall, aad was an entire succeae, tb« aam of $286 beiug netted. It waa on March >8 that the special desiftnafcien of Queen'* Own waa conferred, M per the following letter : Adjutant-Gekbbal's Ofpick, QH«b«c, Uth March. t»i:;. Sir,— With B«torenee to »y tetter to you of the mh inat.. I am 4<>«reJ hf H. Jfi., the Cum- nander iu Obiet to acquaiat you thnt Her MajrtMjr ha.s boenpioaatjd to approve of tnu ftad Biisiaiioa Volunteer Hifte* of Toronto hcins- desitfnatad in fntHre "The Queen's Own Kiftes of Toronto." 1 have the honor lo be, etc.. etc., A. DK ^ALABKURV. Lit.-Col., Uep.-Adj. Gen. .Militia. L,U-Col. Durie, Toronto. ill May the standing orders of the regi- Belli, as adopted by the oflicers, were *()• piuvtd by the couimaiider in-chief Queen's Birthday, 186.*^, waa signalizxi by a parade of the rogiment at the Normal school sroundg, where Mrs. Dr'per. wife of the Chief luHtice, on behalf of ladies, the relatives and friends of ihe oflicers, pre- tented a .splendid m;ice to Lieut. -Coi. Darie for the use of the band After the pri'seirtiitiou the k>att»lion parad- ed to Sp'\dina avenue, where, in conjunction with the 30tii regiment, the Royal Artillery and 10th Battalion N'oluntears, a /eudr Joic was fired, after which Major CJeueral Napit-r, C. B., reviewed the forces. A GRAND KKVIKW. On Oct. 8 there waa a i;i;iud volunteer review on the Denisou ooinuuju, at the head of CrookMhank lane, at whird 'JOO regular.*! and 3,2l> I militia wern pr«»eui. Major- Gencnil Liuilsay wiis in coimiiand. Thj Qtteoi'.'.s Own were brigaded with the lOth Bfttcaliofi, 'be Volunteer Artillery and the Naval Hrij,'ade under Col. Tcacoeke. In May of 18G4 the oHiuer.s provided themiielvtts with f»airol jaektts and forage cap.-!, and on tli« Quee I's liithday tlie usual parr^de, in conjunction with the ret^ulars and 10th Volunteers, Mite held on the "pA.liu.i avenue common. In June the bnttaliuii took posat'ssion of the new drill siied wiiioh had been erected in the large vacant fieM lo the east of the old Parliament liuiidiuge, joining Simcoe street. ,\boat this liina companies G and 8 became di8organiz«d owing to neglect on the part of tlieir re- 8})ective captains, and for somo time were ineflfective. in thia yoar the war of secession in the nnitod States was at its height, and a party ot SoutberR sympathi/.crs made the famous raid upon St. Albans, Vt. The United States CJovern»n«nt strongly protested against their bor ler town.s arid e'ties being invaded and sacked by expeditions from Canadian soil, and a force of three administrative bat- talions was ordered lo the frontier by tho commander-in-chief. Tho Queen's Own was ordored to iiud two con»p:inies, each sixty-five strong, to form a part of this force. The two companies were speedily formed, the first consisting ot nisn from Companies 1, 2 and 3, aiMl ihe second from the remainder of the battalion, with .i few from No. 3 Company, On Dec. 30 the two companies proceeded by way ot St Catharines to Niagara under ika following officers : , Ifo. S Company. Capt. C. J. tiillmor. Lt. VV. D. Jarvis. Ens. W. CorbonW Adjutant, Knsign and Acting (.^pt. Dixon. Messrs. .farvis and Corbould, though not at the time officera, wers eiven commissions »s No. 1 Company. (apt. Jas. Brown. Lt. W. D. Otter. Ehs. Jas Bennett. '- -K'- i% 7M LANDMARKS OF TORUMO. tlicre were not sufficient officers able to leave tbe r employ in eut I Tl»e companies went into burraclcs at Kiagara, fiadinj; aln*a«ly there a company • •oiriposed of men from sevcnil bantilii^MH. , The whole was under command of Lt. Col. Duric, of Ui« Queen's Own 'i he section of tile rej(im«ot left in Toronto was uudur ccimmand of Capt. Croft. The service compunies put in fuur dreury mouths at Nia- gara, and in April, 186.'), returned home, hiiving seen no active service. On June 21 the battalion participaicil in a review at . l'>:iirie. Major General Napier inspected the corps. Jn these days funds were none too plenti- ful, and in -wiler that t'ne l)aud fund ipijihl be augiiK iiltvl, an eiilertainnitnt was pivon ill the ilii.l hhed, for which the s.';r- ^ vices ol a forgonoM celebrity, Harry Leslie, ' the "Canadian lilo.nlin," were en,'i^ed. The venture did iijt ijrove .succoisful. Not- wi hslandiiig Mr. Lf-'lie's f unity for secur- ini{ suocesstui balaiui s there was a deficit of $75 In Sepitinier, 180.'), the firt annual ritle matches of the battalion were held «n tl>e (larrisou common Ujiwards of $.S00 was given in prizes, and the cjinp;iicor8 DHinbered over eighty. At an cnua'tain- ment iu the evening .\'ajor-General Napi r distributed the prizes. THE B.VTTALION FROSI'KROITS. AH was now running smoothly. The reaimtnt was ia a good fin.'.ncial eondilion and the enthusiasm of both offiears and men augured well for its fut.uru. In the first week of Novembor word reached Toroato of hostile denionstrations by Fenians oa the Ni.^ftara frontier, and, in consequeucB a guard from the I Och Royals aad Queen's Own was ordereil to protect the drill she 1 against possible inusndiariei At fir»i this guard con:jisted of one ■ergeant, one corporal and six pri- vates, furnished ahcrnately by the two battalions A wee'.; later, however, further aUrms were given, and the p otec- tire force was increased tj 12 non corns and privates, under an officer On Nov. 15, a night attack wa« anticipated and a piquet of 30 m»B under Capt. Jarvis with i.t. Moi'isou and Eusiga Campbell kept watch all uigh'. Nothing occurred. The towns- p.'ople nevertheless remained in a state of lear, and en Nov. 1& the Government decided to send a force to the froutier. The Queen's Own were ordered to fuiiiish a company of 65 men for the service. | A parade of tlie battalion was held the same evening, and a call for volunteers not being entirelf avcecisful, drafting was resorted to. It was stftted, and was known to be the fact, titat many men who were anxious to volun- teer were infoimed by their einployerj that their places would he filled If thty joined the fo'ce. Cajit, Jarvis was nominated for the com mand of the service company, with Lieut. M orison, of No. '2, and En.-siga (.'ampbell, ef No. 9, as subalterns. On Nov. 20 the company left for Saruia. On Nov. '27 the cwmmandinj^ ollicer Lieu .Col Durie, was a;)poiHted assistant adjutant-general, an4, Mkjor Smith waiving his claim. Junior Major GiUmjr was placed in com i^and until further ordtrs. Tiia s'Tvice coinpin,' was now doin:; duty at Sarnia, but on J nuary 30, 18GG, tlie wiiole battalion was ordered to piei/aio fi.r service in consequence of furtlicr Fciiian alarms. Parades were held tri-weeUl', , and the scare was bcginuiiic; to die away, M'iieu, at 11 p.m. o the evening of March 7th, tiiR batliliou was ordered to parade atouee. A.t. night officers and sergeants drose ahuut tiio city warning their men, and at 10 o'clock on til ; moi-ning of tlie 8th inst.,thc battalion ]) uaJed in tlie drill shed 417 strong. OrJer* V' i< i.-3ued for the men to parade d.iily at 10 a.m., and 2:30 p. m for drill. As may be conceived, the business men of the city felt greatly the effect of ttiese orders. Clerks were compelled to abanJoa their desk.^ to attend drill. Strong objec tions were made and, in order to relieve the employers, on .March 12 the battalion waa allowed to drill every evening iu place of durin:^ business hours This Fenian alarm made for the benefit of the regiment, for, says Col. Otter, " Dur- ing the excitement occasioned by the gen- eral turn-out of all the volunteers in the country at the time, advantage was takeu of the military ardor then prevalent to re organize Comp^vnies 3 and 6, which was doue by Messrs J. R Boustead and G hi. Adam, the remaining companies being filled up t» their strength, viz : 65, aud No. 5 to ^, which it had been specially permitted to do." A RIOT IMMI.SENT. On St Patrick's day the Hibernian Society avowed its inrention of parading the streets, while the great n)ajority of tite to«vn8pejple avowed th.it no procei,sion should be held. Representations were made to the Hiber- nians that m the state of pubhc opinion sseh a course would be inadvisable. 'I he Queen's Own, together with the 10th Royals and a provisional battalion which ha i been orgau- ized, were under arms iu the drill shed from 10 a. Dt. until 4:30 p.m. At this parade the muster of the Queer's Own was 39 officers and 66(3 men, inclusive of tlie service company at Saruia and the Upper ("auada College company, which w-as attached. On March 31 it was ordered that the evening parades LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 787 be discontinued, instead of which the bat- taliou was ordered to drill two days per weuk, forenoon and aftcrnoriu alternately. T; otficeri were to icceiv .i pay, witlioiit allowance, while non coins and men were to be paid 50 cents per drill. Tlie Koivice company rrtiirncd from Sar- nia April 4, leaving behind 2G men who liad been transferred to the provisional battalion under Capt Jarvi.i, who was serving as Lt. • Col,, with Ensifjn Campbell as lieutenant an! adjutant. On May 24 tlic usual review w la held, but, ]>rcvious to the battalion kasin^' the shed ,T pleasant event took plaoe. Major (lillinor, on bcliali of the ollicors of the b.ittalion, pie.s nted Captain and Adjutant Utter witli a splendid char^'er and appoint- ineiitB. A review on the then far- trelcliiii!^ commons near .S: Stephen's churcii followed, after which Majoi -Uen^ral Xapicr inlormed the voluireers that they were relieved from duty and that their j)ay would cease It was not for lont,', however, that the citizen suldieri were ])erniitted to lay down their arms On May 31 at (i p.m.. Major (iillmor received an order to proctiod on the f0 p.m. the lallalion iiiarclieJ to a tram upon wliich were the l.'lth Itattaliou of llamdlou and tliu York and Caleilonia Hillo Companies, which lia(' arrived tlie night bnlorc. At 4:."! ) a (I'i achment of 125 oUicers and n.en of the (^lii'jon'a Own from Toronl') onio in. It hail btLii intended that the force blioula leave I'ort Co'.botnc at 2 a.m., but further orders fiom Col. I'eacoeke of II. M. lOtli Foot in trueted the commanding otlicer to remuu ac I'ort Colborne ur.l 1 .'i am. At that hour the force left I'orr Col- borne, the strcn,'th bcin.' : — (Queen's Own, 4S0 ; i;]th and York and Caiedonia ll'.tla Cor.ipanie.s about 400. The whole force wa^ under- coiiimand af Col. iiooker, of the ISth. The run to Kidgeway was made in rjuick time, and the brigade liiere detrained i-nd inarched toward Sievensville for the p rpo.sc of forming a junction with ('ol I'ea- cocke's column. J hu advauci.'d puard was caiiii)o.sed of No. 5 Company, Q. O. li , armed with Spencer repeating rides. The remainder of the battalion, with the 13th a li York liiti.r Company, formed the main body of the column, and tiie rear guard was furnished by tiie Caledonia t'ompany. In this order the column moved forward about two miles, when the Fenians were discovered in the front. The ad- vanced guard was immediately ex- tended from the centre, with Companies 1 and 2 on lis left and light, No. 3 centre supports. No. 4 left. No. 7 as a flanking party on the left, supported by No. 8, and No. G tlauking to the right. Nos. 9 and 10 were in reserve. After a further advance of half a mile. No. 8 was sent as a support to No. 2 on ttie right COL. OTTBRS STOUY OF THE FIGHT. Col, Ott'.'r says : — '" Immediately the I'enians, who were extended beliind the fences, their niftin body being well posted m . i « ' [)l '< \n iil 78M LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. )!'.'! >'* I E^i \' Kh:l iu a wood, opened firo, which was returned by otir own men, who continued steadily kdvaacin^. 'I'hu liring becaniu general, being heaviest on our centre and right. At almost the iirat tire Kusicn McEachren was hit in the stomach and, being taken to the rear, died in twenty minutes. " We continued diving them for about an hour, when, oar skirmisherii being reported out of am i.unition, Nos. 9 and lU Compauius were sent to the right, and the l.'Uh Batta- lion ordereil to relieve ua, which they did by sending out three companies to skirmish. They had not been enga£;ed for more than fifteen itiinutos before the cry of "cavalry" was raisud at seeing two or three Fenian horsemen advancing towards us. Col. Booker ordered the reserve (CJueen s Own) to prepare for cavalry and the companies formmg it, viz : Nos, 1, 2, .1, 6 »nd 8 formed square. The mistake was immediately seen, and the order given to re-form column and the two leading companies to extend. On ru-forming, the reserve, boing too close to the akirniiali line, was ordered to retire. J'he left wing of the 13th, wJio were in our rear, seeing our men retire and thinking we were retreating, broke and retired in a panic, on seeing which our men also broke and ran. Just previous to this the Retire was sounded to Nos. 1 and 2 of the Queen's Own, who, not seeing the necessity of the order, disobeyed until it was again sounded, when they reluctantly moved to the rear, the remainder of tlie skirmish line doing ttie same, though not ua- d«r3tanding the reason of their recall. On seeing the reserve in disorder they, too, be- came disorganized and fled. The fire of the now pursuing Fenians became hotter than ever and the volunteers being crowded up in a narrow road, presented a fine mark for their rifles, causint; our poor fellows to fall on all sides. " It was in vain that the otticers endeav- ored to rally the men, Several times squads, and even a company, were collected, but never insufficient force to check the pursuit, though a constant fire was kept up until the J'enians ceased following. For the fi st two or three hundred yards it was a regular paiuc, but after t'aat the men fell into a walk, retiring in a very orderly manner, but completely crestfallen." This is the plain, unvarnished tale of the hittle of Ridgeway, m told by • faithful liistorian. Lieut. - Colonel Otter " nothing extenuated nor set down aught in malice." In all the years that hare sine* gone by there have been many disputations ae to whom the blame of the lamentable fiasco v as due, but, as will bs seen, Col. Otter per- mitted himself to make no comment. The Fenian invaders pursued to Ridge- way station, where tliey abaudo 8«- quunce ol ma aUnn whicli subHetjueutly proved to be ill-founded At 3 a ni Ike soldiers were once more arousi^d, aud were inarched to a t>-»iii, on which were tlic 7th Fusiliers, of London, aud the 2'Znd Ox- ford Rirtps, who had arrived tho previous day. At 6 o'clock in the nuniunf^ the train left for.Stirl;'3 crossing, about six niile« from Port CollHirne, where tlie force detrained and foEHu-a a column of route composed of the 7th Fusiliers, who furuiwhetl the skir- mishers, tho '2'Jnd Oxford, the St. C*tha- riue.s Home Ouard, and the (.Queen's Own. 'i lie rear guai'd wivs furnisiic'd by the riHe- men C'apt. Akcrs, of tixe Royal Knj^incer.s, was in command of the whole. Douu the Garrison roud, past (he battle ground of the day before, the column pasfied, and, al- though the skirmisher!" were exceeiUnqly vigilant, nn Fenians wera seen. (Jountry people who had come considerable di-tances to view the scene of the late conllict, Htated to Captain Akers that the F< nians had recrossed the Niatrara after i skirmish with the \\ elluiid Field Rattery and the Dunuville Naval Brif^ade. The march was continued to Fort Erie, where the column arrived at '2:30 ji. ni., immediately uoinc; into camp with l':\e \uik Cavalry, the 10th Royal.s, of Toronto, the 19th Lincoln. a provisional battalion of volun- teers, two batteries of lioyal Artillery, and 11. M. 16ih, 47th and 60th regiments of l'"oot, the camp being in command of Col. Lowry, of the 47th. The Quceus Own ren^ained at Fort Ei'ie, doing picket duty, until 1:30 a. m. of the 5th iust, when orders wore received to strke tents, parade without bu^le sound, an 1 embark on a tra'::. which was iu readiness. This was done at .'{:30 a.m n being under tlie eommatid of Col. \\ oUelcv for one week aad aftei wards under Major Hancroft, of the 10th. Drill took [tiaci' twict) a day. The t^ueeu's Own every night lonncd a piquet of oae company to giiaiil the ::UU'< of the bat.tery, which were at the railway station in order that they inii,'iil be loadeil more speedily in the event ot a sud den alarm. On ilunt! 17 orders came from Toronto re- calling the (.Uieen'a Own. and on the lollow- ini^ day the Uittalion left for iionie, much to the regret of tho citizens of Stratford. On leavi g the town the .Mayor, on behalf of the citizens and corporation, presented an address to the commaud:iig officer of the regiment expressing their re- gret at the battalion's removal, ana testity- ing to the uniform good conduct of the inec during their stay in .'>tratford. An immense concourse of people wel- comed the regiment back t« 'I'uroiito, and although a heavy rain was falling the Queen's Own were met at the drill shed by Major-Cieiieral Mapier, C. !>., comin:u>ding the district, who publicly thanked the otiicers aud men for their sur- vices. 'I hey were then dismissed from duty. The strength of the cotps upon returning to Toronto was T'iT), including the Vork and Caledonia companies. WILLING RKCRCITS. The following geutlemeo joined the corps as volunteers upon hearin? of the action at Ridgeway : — J. K. Robertson, Adam Lillie, Edward liutt, (New York), Geo M. Rae, Rusk Harris, Alex Beecher, \\ . P. Cassels, E. P. Crawford, G. F. Duggan, F. W. llolmstcd, Jas. Louden, — Farewell, Wm. Mulock, — Radenhurst, M. C Moderwell, C. VV. liell, P. M. Barker, and a number of others whose names have not been handed down. On the evening of the 19th June, the Queen's Own gave a supper at the Queen's Hotel in honor of tiie ofhcera of the York and Caledonia companies, who left oa tba 21st for home, the Queen's Own band " piaying them off." The citizen soldiers had now returned to their ordinary avocations, but they had by no means lost their predilection tor the trade of war. On the evening of June '2Tt i the Vr-eekly parades were resumed with a very Urge muster of all ranks. On July 18 W4 ! 'll 'h ^ IMAGE EVALUAT20N TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 La 128 ill i^ ■ 25 2.2 2.0 I |l.25 8 U. 11.6 ^ 6" ► /] '^^-V .?> '/ Riotographic Sdences CorpoiBtion \ ^ ^ •S^ :\ \ > <^X^\ 23 yveST MAIN STRUT WEBSTSVN.Y. MS80 (716) 672-4503 IV ^ ^.^ 6^ 790 LANDM vRKS OF TORONTO. (If ',';,; M (is " i ) inere waa observed a public holiJ.iy in honor o/f the Toronto volunteers. A diiiner was (.ivea the whole force al the Crystal I'alacc, »»jj an address prescHted by tliu Mayor on '.•ehalf of the cilizeue. On the arening ot July 25 the corps aiarch«d out, paaaing Ij ib« residences of 3one of the wounded At the residences of Knsijjn Fahey, Privates \N hite, LMgsdiB, Ouester and Bell three hearty c eers were giTeu. IN CAMT AT TJIOROI.D. In August a camp of instruction was icruied a' Thorold, and on t i 22ud the Queen's Own received orders to join it, leaving Toronto on the morn my of th'.' 2r)th This wae done, tne City of Toronto carryiug the battalion to Port Divlhousie, wlience the k'orps marched to camp, immediately going uiuler ca .vas. Tiie force in camp consisted of a seiiii-b ttery of Royfil Artillery, four companies of the Itith ilegimoul, :hu I8th Battalion of Hamilton, and the 2l'nU Oxford Ktfles. Col \Vol8eley was in commaud The l^ueen's Own ren ainrd in camp cil'Iu days, drilling [hree times a day. On Septfuiber Isl tlie jattalion returned to Torjnio. For the ju.np she men weie paid |1 per day and free lattona, the officers full pay. On November 14th, tit* weekly drills were continued, with a muster of ^nly 18 i otfictrs &ud men. This uumber grew &m.iiier n til l^'jcember 19th, when drill ceased. la a | no'.c Lit': t. -Col. Otter slates tliat the reason c< the small attendance at drill was in gieat fnea^iiru the sending of the battalion lo camp hc Tliorold. Immediately upon returning [roai camp^ numbers ot men jtmve the neccssaiy six months iM.ice previous to leaving the force, rand Trunk lirigade. In February of 1867 . orp .lohn CoDUor, of No. 1 Com})any, died ot disease contracted ia service, and was buried by hia company. On Feb. 21 the »kl r^6eld rifles and bayonets were returned to stores previous t« the issue of th« Speueer repeating rifles Private A. Reed and Corp J as. Robins soon after kuccvntbea to diMasc coatraeted •n ■arviee, mad wer* accorded military b«nal«. On March the Spencer rifles were iwaed lo the compaoivi aad the m a were ia- ttmeted in their uae. Once more war's alarm was hoard, and on March lA the battalion was ordered to para^ic three even- ing.s in f()nse(|uence of another Fenian raid being unMcipated. On Marci 27 the i um- ber 01 duCici 'vas ruduced to two a week, the officers to receive pay without aliow- aii'.cs, and the men 50 oents per drill. On April lOtli, 1867, the well-knoun shoulder strap bearing the letters (j.O.R. with the curpa' regimental number was worn fur tSe first time. A RRPl'llLICAN LX>MrANY. A lo g period of quiet and steady gronth now ensued. On Dominion day, ItMTZ, ttte first parade in Toronto in honor ot the oeuntry's national day was held The corps participating were : the 13th fiussars, the Royal Artillery, the 17th Foot, tiie 4th Battalion <• rand Trunk lirigade, the lUih Royals, Volunteer Field liattery and t^ueen's Own. Col. .McKiaistry of the 17th Foot waa in command, and the force was reviewed by Major-iiencral .'-^lisied C. B. On Sept. 2 the first annual -aines of the regiment were given on the cricket ;;rounds, at the corner of McC'anl and College streets. The event wr.s 'Qost succe.S'-,fiil. On Oct. 9'Ji. lSti7, another change was made in the arming of the men. The Spen ccr was returned to stores, and ti&U lonx Snider Entields were issued for the use of the Queen's Own This waa the first breech- loading weapon is.'tued to the battalion. In November Lt. Col. (•illmor resigned his commission, owing to his having lost his business position through volunteering. Major F. E. I >ixon assumed command, but soon afterwards relinquished the colonelcy. Lt. Col. Oillmor then resumed com- mand pending the acceptance of his resignation. In December the Commander-in-Chief declined to accept the resignations ef Lt. -Col. Oiilmor and Majijr Dixon, and a few days later the commaudingofTiccr was ap(>oiuted clerk to tilt Legislative Assembly of the new Province of (>utaria. In the followincr year, 1868, all moved smoothly, with th ' exception of an tinfortan ate conflict between the commanding oifioer and staff and the men of No. 5 company. TIhs company desired, contrary to all usage, o elect a captain from outside the regiment Lt.-Col Oillmor would nut hear of such a proceeding and No 5 company resigned in a body. Three weeks afterwards the rebel- lioaa miUtian en withdrew their reaignationa and all movet' smoothly aa before. Another alarm waa given in May, when the regiment was onee more ordered to prepare for aervice at a mom lU'a warning Nothing came of this report, ex- cept an order to drill twice a week lot three LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. m wetks, the ofliiccrs to be paid one dollar and the men fifty (.■(.•nts per dril'. In the Autuinii of 18&S the new Militia Act of Canada oatne into force, and all of the volunteer corps of the iJnininion were r«organi7.ed. Ou Oct. 14 the (juceu'a Own mustered at tlie drill aheu, and Lieut. Col (lillmor explained to the oflictrs and men the piovisions of the new Act. The coni- p«niod were then dismissed to their several armniies to re-enrol, and forthwith l.'>0 rank and lile aig ed the new compimy rolls. By i>ecen»l>er 29, this number had been increas- ed to 30 officers and '288 noncommissioned officers and men. The members of No. 10 (Iiii;>hlai)d) (.'oniiMiny, were dissiitsilied at the action of the Militia l>epftrtmeiit in de- clining to allow them any [>uyment in lieu of their expensive UDifurins, which had become use esB under the new organization, and as a consequence the ci mpany refused to re enrol. The company rolls were returned to the department Karly in 1869 Ensign Otter, of No. 4 Company, and a brother Ji Lt. Col. Otter, died, and was buried by the ref;imcnt. Ensign, now .N'ajoi', I'elamcie coiiinKUulrtl the lirin!» party of .'^O men, and the j)all- bearers wero, t'.ipt. Whitney, Lts. Kahey and Eliis, Kn.«i;^ns Kytrson, llobin.son ami Erskine. A numher ot the lOt i Koyal.s al^•n joined the funeral procession. In February the new nonpivot drill, as revised by a committee compooed ot Major FHxon, Captain.^ Utter :ini' Chorri'i an, was for the firit limc used by the rpginicnt, an^l waa found to work admiral'ly. 1 he annn.il mess d inner, which was hcKl at the Queen's hotel, March 18, partook of the nature of a farewell to one of t lie most etficirnt oflictrs of the batUilion, Major Dixon. The olfic rs presented the Major with a h nd- some clock during the <'venini». At the annual inspection for pay, held by Lt t ol. Diiiic, A.A.i; M , April 7, there "ere ■^7C orticters and m^n pr svnt. In the following Juno No. 6 ("omp.kuy b'^oanie i is- organizcd and w. s ilisb.indfd, iho remain- ing oMicers and men being transferred to other conipanies. Upf)n the o(;casion of the vWu of If. R. H. i'rinco Artliur, Duke of Connaught, to To- ronto, the battalion furni.shed a guard of honor of 10) men under Vajor Hrown at the City Hall, and again at the drill shed in the evening. ANOTHER FKMAN SCAUE. About this tim ' rumors of meditatcvl Fenian invasion arose, and in conseijuence th ■ Toronto volunteers were ordcicd to be in readiness for immediate service I he tjueeu's Own ware instructed to furnish onessti^eant and three men for guard at the drill shed alternately with the 10th Royals. Thja duty continued from Oct. 9lii until the ead of the year, when the guard was withdrawn. On the night of .Nov. Kith Sentry Jas. Laf- ferty, of No. 3 Company, was tired at by some unknown miscreant, and natrowlf escaped death The ullct passed througl; the Sentry box in vthich Lallerty was stand ing, bat forlunnlely missed him. A fe» ■ lays .-lubsequently a diunken man an ounc ed that he ' ad tired tiie shot, lie was takes mto custody, but was afterwards dischnrgeiL as nothing could he fcund against him. No clue to tito would be assassin was ever ol^ tained. The regiment had, in 1870, \nf following year a very narrow escafie from crreat loss of life. Ou ti;u niuhi of the 17th .\'arch, ihe roof tf the liril' shed, in whijh the batallion had been dril)- ing the ni ht beiore, fell in owing to li.c great weight of snow. It was not untj,: .April 6 tli;il the shed was cleared. Jb/- walls wev: cut douii to a level with the t«jvif o llic arm'-ri^s, ami drill was resumed. On (iovjJ Fiiday a most unfortunate .x'. cident occuired at the Garrison Commoiriv wiiilhor a number of members of tiio -fj' men', had repsireil for pract' 'c at the 'i'.r- gets. Private (iCo. Nu|)y,of No 4 Companv. was shot and in.-tjinily killed tj\ b rifle in the hands of I'tivate •".»» coi ne of the -;ame company, liascoiune waa not a" arc tint the weapon was loaiie'J and nji.in snapping the trigger the cartriige exploded with ratal result. Gascoigne wi? tai;cn into custody, but as a coroner's jury retutneii a verdict of iicc'idcn a! death, the unfortunate \oluuteer wa.s di.scliar:;ed. THE 1;KI> KIVKU r.X I'KlUTIoN. At this time the trait. ir Kiel fomenico the tirst Northwest llebcllion, establish^a a so called " Provisional (.orcninunt ' j^nii niiirilered Tliomas Scott, a resilient of Fort (iarry, now \\ innipeg. The militia autliori tics (lecided to send a force to suppress the insuireciion, and on . April 17 a dcspaicU arrived liom Ottawa aski: g for tiie names af five ollicirs of the Quoi n's Own who would join the Hed liivcr Kxpeditioo. t'apts. I ennett and Harman, Lieut. Beaver and Ensigns -^naw and Crocker immtdia aly voiiintecre*! foi this arduous service. Nothin lurth r wat heard from headnuirttrs until April '22. when the battalion was onlcred to furuisb six men for the force. Nothing was said in this second lommuiiication as to the etispoai- tion o the ollicers who h»d volunteered Subsequently Capt. Ilarman and En.sigB Macdt nald were nominated as lieutenant and ensign in tlie l'ir^l Ontario Kitles. form- ing part of the exn diiicnary force. Ulti- •<■ ■■I n ,ii 792 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. V ft-.; t I" lil. N^'^ luately 12 men of the l^ueen's Own jcuieii the First and Sot-oiui ilitles. On May ISili liic two otiioers niotitioned wore tnter- liiURii ny tiio otli'iM-s' mes.s at the Queen's Holes,, prio:- to ilieir joining the force. Ou May '-Mtii of this year the volun- teers ])araiiuil on SpiiJi'.a avenue common, \\eiit throuyU the usual niovtnieniji, and fired a feu do juie. Some tini lieloie tiie i"2ulars had heou withdrawn iroin Toronto, luivl this was thu iiia. aiuii- vcr^ary ot the <,>ue('tr8 Hirtlulay nu wiiich the xolunU'crs iiad not bci-n iiv-ihted liy Her Majesty's troops in celebiating tlio anni- \ orb,uy. On Doniitiion day there was a very !hr;,'e inytftcr ol tiie (Queens thvn, lOtli Koyal.-, Lirand 1 ruuk Brigade, ami the KUii Uattaiion of Hamiiton to witiuhi tiie unveiling of the Ridgc'way nii'iLunient in tiie l^hat'ii's I'ark. The (.lovurtsor-i •cncral of Ca ada, Sir Jo!in Young, fjcrfornu'd the ceninony, and afiur the cxitciscs Lieut.- 'olonel (iiiliimr i;ave an oliicei s dinner at the Toronto Club. In 1S71 the rei'imental drills 1 e^an in (.iiand'^ liidiUj; Sciioil, llio new Jrdl shed not having i oeu comiileted. L»\\M]u to the small size of the ruling tcliool liie diilla we>e m>t very satisfacto'y. In tliis year there was no oelihrati. u of Her Mujtstys l)irtiiday by the vohaiieer force, U' order having been isautd. CAMlINi. AT MACARA From June (jih to '2l.st liic haitiilion was under canvas a; NiaL;aia. The strength of tlie ic^iiiient was 4'JO of all ranks. iW^ide-s the t,'ucei. s Own there were in .amp the following corps: — T.iionlo, llanulion and \^"eHanll Fiel I liatteries, seven trofipa of cavalry and the loth, l'2th, l.'lth. HUh, ooth. ■■.9ch and -Uth battalions, in ail about "j.OOO c'lHcers and men. Tin: camj) was un.'.er command of Lieut. -Col lUirie. That the Queen 3 O-vn were no carpet sohiiiis is shown by the stalennjiit of tne:r luiiil day's Work while 111 camp. Legiiinini; with a inarch cf from five to nine miles beftire breakfa.st, ther" •. as drill during the greater part ot the day. The spirit and eniuiraiKc of the men we:e admirable l'>e:^ oflieers and men in camp. In the autumn Karl DufTcriii, the new (iovernor tieneral, visited Toronto, and was fiunishcd a guard of honor, under Major ilennett. Next year, IS',',], saw Major Otter second ill command of tiie Wimbledon team. His leaving for Fiighind was theciuse for a largo muster of olliccrs and men at the .^tation, who clieered liim a hearty farewell. On Major Otter's return, in September, he was presented wth a gold watch and chain by his fellow otlicers. DISItANDl.VO OK THK BANK. 1 he brass band, which had been for some time in a very inetlicient condition, was dis- banded during this year, and the instrumrnts were called iu. For some time the battalion had only the services of the drum and fife band, which was placed under a competent instructor. In January, 1874, a inoveu cm was made to resuscitate the band, but in I l.\m>.mai:ks of 'ji;i:()\ to. riew of the rogimeiit's doht, ami the unset- lied state ot the vohiiiU'er force cill over C'iiiiaila, it Wiis ounsiilurt!.! Ixrsl to let the 11 ill ter rosr.. ; ho old iiislruiiieiits wore ac- cordiiiuly %< M. Au.un a member oftlie regiment was given a iii<;li ])osiiii'n in the \\ iinbl'jdon tea'n, Lieut. Col. (JiUnior hciii^ appointed to the coininand. The lifes and drums played liie coionel to the 3tation, where a niunber of meniljors of the re;;imriit had aaienihleJ to bid the comm.indiiig otlieer liod speed. It was in thia year that the syatenfi of weekly evening diilU wan put into opir i- tion. A subscrip ion was taken up in aid of a fund for tlia pni'chase of band instru- ments, and ?900 was rai ed The ollicers unanimously contributed tho amount of thc.r drill pay to this fund. Tiie inhabilanta of Iliilj.v;\vay and the sur- rounding country in S.'pioinlj'jr invited I ho regiment to aktend th« ceremony of unveil mg a tablet in tho Metiiodi»t church iu tiiat village, in memory of those killed in rlie action of 1866. A number of < tlicen and men accepted the invitation ami were very hospitably entertained. IJrevct Lt -C'ol Otter, on behalf of thfl Queen's Own, made an appropriate speech. The brass band was rc-tormed in Decem- ber, 1874, under tiie maxtership of Mr. Carey, whohadhehl a similar position in the Royal Canatlian Hilles. A complete new set ot i struments was ordered from K upland and the band was soon in a most crcUi'able condition of etliciency. In May, IhT."), Lt.-Col. tiillmor resigned, and Brevet Lt. Col. Otter accepted tho posi tion. In this month new uniforms, tho first of Canadian manufacture, wcro issued. In June tho battalion went into camp at Niai^ara, the total strength being 4r>7 of all ranks. The new band, under -Mr. Carey, accompanied the battalion to camp, i ho camp was successful in every resprei In August a largo number of olHcera and ex-otiicers of the battalion gathered at the Queen'-- Hotel and presented Lt. Col, ueeu's Own wero drilled liy l.t. Col Otter in ciiarL'ing, etc. At noon the volun teet-s were marched down to tho (Jity Hall, and from there up King strcot to llathur.st street, parallel to the " pilirr inage." whirji moved along QuetMi street. Forliinatfly there was no rioting, and th^' vohiuteeri were dismissal at five oclock in the ait"r- noon. in December Lieut R. H. Hamilton un- dertook very 8ui;ce.ssfully to recruit a com- pany from the Toionto Lacr sse Club, to take the place of l' Coin]);iiiy, which had be- come disorganized in tho prtceiliiiLT year. Tho following year, liSTt), w-as notable solely because of the holding of the tirst chill c!i parade since 1866. Service \\ as at- tended at St. (icorLre's church, John street. The wintei ot 1876 77 was marked by .strikes among the omployei of the (irand Trunk Railway, On New Vear'.s Day, 1879, a portion of the (^)iieen's Own were ordered to proeeed to ISelloville, there to -juppresa rioters who were threatening and destroy- ing the company's property. In order to obtain full mu^tt'•.s of tlieir men many of- (icer.-^ were out ail nigiit Wrwniiig tho mem- bers of ilieir cf-mpanics, hut after a hard night's work tlio liattalion mu.s'ercd at the Old Fort at 7:.'5<) a.m. The weather was very coKl, with deep siuiw, anl as the four locomotives on the train had to be guarded the men felt the hard.ship3 of their journey severely. At \0:',\0 p m. tho train entered Relle- villc, where it was met < y a howling mob of strikers, who iminediati.ly began tliiowing iron bolts', ice balls an>l other missile.i at the engine drivers and volunteers. The (^>ueen'3 Own were (juickly formed outsido of the train, and had to stand (piietly facing a yell- ing mob of strikers, who hurled vile epithets and more tangible missiles at them \iajor Miller was knocked down, I'rivate tt. K Cooper received an ugly cut over the eye with an iron nut and many others were cut. After an hour's delay a train was sent on to Montreal, having on board a party under Capt. Huchan. In leaving the station the train was beseu oy the mob, but the rioters were beaten off. ilefore the train started a man was found ander one of the locomotives, endeavoring to wrest a bolt in the macJiinery. Two Queen's Own sen'riea took the striker ia charge, upon which hia comradea attempted a reacue. in the sculHe which followadf one of the asaailanta waa wounded by • m w 1 ^=^ ■ •v-,r u m i 1', 7»4 LANDMARKS OF TOKONTO. i -'A bayonet. The prisoner was sent off to jail in charge of an escort under Sergt. Wm. A shall, the detachment being liberally ■toned on the way . At noon the men were relieved for dinner, a party under Captain Foster being lett to protect the engines, which were about being taken to the round house. The mob made another attack and was reputed at the point of the bayonet. One ot the most aggreesire of the rioterb received a serious t)avonet thrust in the throat ami would certainly have died had not 8urf;eon Thorburn, of the Queen's Own, attended to the wound. Capt. Foster, fearing that his small de- taclinient would bo rusheil on by the mob, many of wl;om were figliting drunk and car- ried I e vol vers, sent for a.^sistaiicc. C'apt. R. B. Hani'Uon inimeiUately set off witli his oonifiaiiy and sclievcd the pressure. Tli'; rioters shortly afterwards dispersed ami tlip volunteers gained a few hours' nuu'li-nci'lod lest. On the foUowiuL; ilay, .January .*?, the force did pieket duty about the yanls and station until evening, wh' n it returned to Toronto, a settlement liaviiiLi been eileeted. In adaition to wounds received at the hands of the niol), mnny of tlic men had their han 3 and feel frc'st-iiitten. They were ni st inadequately clothed for servue in winter, haviny only tiieir great eoats, ( ■leiii^any caps and seit;e uiulornis. The Major tieneral coinnian liii;,' the Volunteer .\lilitia and the manager of the (Jrand Trunk liailway hotli wrote, exprc^s- intj their admiration at the conduct of tht; Queen's Own ihinn;: tills very tryiii:^' ^'ervioe 'Ihe battalion met with a serious loss early in February of isTT.when John U .Maloney, the sergeant major. died. Maloney iiad been a member of the eorps since ISO"), and was deservedly popular with all ranks On Feb- ruary 4 his body was buried with milit^irv honors, the laud, firing party and his former company apjiearing in uniform. In the same month B Company, which had been recruited from the Sons of ivigland Benevolent Society, was taken into the regi- ment. Capt. Strange, assisted by .Sergt. Danford, did most of the work of organiza- tion. It was at this time that the battalion was furnished with the Snider rilles,5.'iO of whicii were issued. In Marcii, 1877, Lieut Fred. H. Wright formed a company from the students of the Toronto School of Medicine. The new com- pany joined the regiment as 1 ('ompaiiy, the University of Toronto taking llie letter K as their designation. April 4 was uiguali/.ed by the opening of the present drill shed, which had been erected by the Dominion Ouvernment at a cost of $10,000, the city furnishing the site The strength of the regiment was speedily increased, regular drill was resumed, and the non-commissioned otlicers class wag re-formed. The Turkish war cloud was at this time filling the whole of Europe with appreh n- sion, and rumors of English war with Rus- sia were rife. On May '2 the otlicers of tne battalion held a meeting in the drill shed, at which it was unanimously decided to otFer the services of the regiment to the Britisii War Office. The oiler was made through the Militia Deparanunt. Fortunately, the aid of the gallant regiment was not needed by the Motlier Country. Althouch the municipality of Lelleville thankfully received the protection of the battalion when the Oraiul Trunk rioters were thinkini; of sackiii. the city, the Belle- ville .Municipal Council ileclineil to pay for tlie regiment's services, alleging that the (ioverniiient should recompeuse the men I.t.-Col. Otter eiitt red suit aizaiiist tiie cor- poration of Belh'Viile. Ihe IJelleville peo- ple then paid the volunteers' expenses. In July the otliocrs held a meeting, at wh cli the Vmsby was tixcd upon as the full dress headgear of the regiment. SOLDIER I,.\W STrDKNT.S. I)urin„' the summer (> Company hatl be- come disorgani/cd bui Capt. R II. Bowei and Lt. \\. K. llodgins — now Major of the (i. (J. F. tJ. , of Ottawa — so sujces.-^fully took up the tasii of reciiuting among the law students of the city, that the company was soon reeslaldished on a firm touting. 1 he roL^'iment; j)araded before a distin. gnished visito'' in (J tobcr, .877, when Col Sir Henry Wilniot, of a Derbyshire, Eng- land, voiiinteer corps, visited the muster. Col. Wilniot was much delighted wilii the evident ellicieiiey of the corps. On Nov. 17 tlie annual inspectiou took place in the (,!ueen's Park. Lt. (len. Sclby ymythe, the commander in-chief of the militia, comjilimented Lt.-Col. Otter on the soldierly appearance and excellent work of the men. A dinner at the National Club closed the day's proceedings. A drill competition, open to all of the companies in the battalion, took place at the .'arvis street lacrosse grounds, 27th April, 1878, the prize being a silver cup, Three companies competed, D, commanded by Major .Miller ; I' by Capt. R. B. Hamilton; and H bv (^apt Nash. Capt. Hamilton's command, won the trophy. It was on the (.hieen's birthday of this year hat the regiment made the first of its many annual excur.^ioiia. The Militia d« LANDMARKS OF TORONIO. 795 aiul wai of this ,t of ila ilia il« pHrtment bad arranged a preat review at Montreal and invited tlic (^iioen'a Own to part oipate. Tlie invitation was at once Accepted, and on the evening of May '23 the battalion entrained at the foot of West Marliet street 434 strong, under jommiind of Lt Col. Otter. Montreal was roucbed at 9:30 on the morning of the Queen's birth- day, arui the battaliun immediately marched u> Fletchers Field, whoie it was placed on tlio left of the line. 'J'he other corps present were the Montreal C'avaliy, Otta>ta, Mon- ti'uul and U batteries ot artillery, Montreal Engineers, Montreal Garrison Artillery, I'rince of Wales' Kille«, Victoria Rifles, Fifth I'usilieis, Sixth Fuiiliers, 65ih Rifles, Gov- ernor GrnerHl's Foot Guards of Ottawa, 8iii K'tlalion of Quebec, and a co'i- paiiy of American militia from Vermont. The whole f^^«rgt F. Arnoldi and Private Geo. E. Cooper proceeded to .Montreal, and ou the following day, at the regimental games, presented to the non-commissioned odiceri and men of th* Victoria Itifles a silver cup, bearing an appropriate inscription, and to the cavalry an addresr and a bron/.e ista u- ett*. Tiiu athlates of the regiment in the autumt} of 1878 formed an association football eleven, and on Saturday, Nov 9, visited Kinnsioii, where they played twj iir.itcl.es with the Quern's College and V^ictoria Rillei teams. The Toronto men won both matci.es. A SHAM FICHT. Thanksgiving day came late this year, uot being set uutd Dec. 4. A para e was called for yi.'iO in the morning, and, although the day was very old and disagreeable, with a ligiit snow covering '-he ground, there wa' a fairly good muster. Major Jarvii being iu command. At 10:30 a st^rt was made, and, marching to the Wood hint race track, the force was extended and marciied across country. As had been previously ar- ranged, there was an encounter witli the Knj;iueer company, which fell back and was beaten. Luncheou wa.=; partaken of ox\ the grounds of th* Scarborough Hei<.'hls Hotel, and a return was then made to the drill shed. In this year a system of granting long service badges was inaugurated, the badges being accorded for three, si.t and nine years' service. Ihe first distribution was made on October 9. At the end of this year the various com- panies of the regiment decided upon having their armories fitted up at a cost of $ti5 each, and the work was performed during the inac'ive season. Su much delighted were the men with their experiences in Montreal on the pre- leiling (Jueen's birthday, that early in 1879 plans were projected for a second visit to the eastern city. On Apiil 9th the whole regiment volunteered for the trip, the cost to each man being $1 75 for transport and 75 cents for rations. 'I he (iovernmeut paid the balance of the expenses of transporta- tion, whil* the otiicers paid for the bands men. On the evening of .May '23rd the regi- ment eiibarked at the Union Sta- tion 531 s ong. O I the after- noon of th* Qu en'B I irthday th* usual review was held on Fletchers Field. Lt.-Gen. Sir. E. Selby Smyth* was iu com- »l ■ ■ s -1 :'l Ml m^tmt mm atM m .A,s»,r.it : ■ ■ 796 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. iif^.;' maml, ; nd H. R. H. the Princeas I.ouii anil the Governor Generil, tli« Mai(i.us of Lome inspected the force The (•i)rj)s present ^ore :— I'. IJattcry (rognlats*, Moiilnnl, Quel)ec, Ottawa ami Slieri'orJ lioKl baiterit.s, cadets of the Koyal MililaiT College, Mont- i-eal (iarnson Artillery, (Jovcrii'irWenerars Foot CuiinN, I'lmco of Wales', <»'ii''t!ii's Own, Victoria, (i.")th an i Slh Riiles, .');!i and titli FnsiliL'ra, and the Thirioeiuii llp;;inieiit N""_\v Vork State Militi.A, of IJrooklya, N. Y. Naturally, the Bn oklyn re;jinient re- ceived the greatest attention, but the Queens Ow.i nohly up- held their own and their city's reputation. After liie review tiic Victoria I'itles onco more otfured their hospitality, but liio C'ueen's Own r'^faaed to put their comrades to j^o much expense twice wiiliin tin; one twelve-month and declined the invitation. Ill this year Lt. Fied. F. NUnlt-y was ■elected as one of the L'.ur.idian team for Wimbledon, and sailed .hiiie 18 REVIKAV IS TORONTO In the iollowuij; >SoptembL-r a grand re- TJuw was h 111 on the (Jarrison Coiunions ia hou(5r of tho 'iHvernor Cioneral and Princess Louiao. Tho corps prcsiiit were: — .\ Bat- tery, (re;.'ulars) Toronto and Hamilton Field batteries. Second District Kn;,'inecr Corp3, Toronto (iarrison Artillery, l.over- nor-Generai .-? B' dy Ouard, Marliharn, Ux- hndye, Port Uop.> and Peterboro' Cavalry, Victoria Rillei, 7th, lOth, 13th, 'iOih, •21.-!t, 3Stli. and 4(ith liattaliona of Infantry, and the Victoria a-id C^ueen'n Own Rifles. (ilad to hav« tuc op ortuiiity of returning tliC hospitality of tiie \'i;torias, the (Queen's Own provided breakfiihl and dinner for their guests, and in the evening their of- ficer*, together with the olHcers command- ing other corps, ware entertained at the National Club For some time there had been friction be- tween Mr Caiey, the bandmaster, and the officers. It was finally found necessary to dispense with his servi(;ea and to cast about for a new head for the band. I he com- mittee havini; in hand this duty recomm-jnd- ed that John Rayley, lato bandma-^ter of H. \1. 46th regiment, be entaged, and their ad- fice was acted upon. Mr. liayley, upon his induction to otlice, found the band in a much disorganized condition, but by dint of hard work, lie soon pl.ced it in an ethcient condition. On Oct. 18, the annual games of the re^riinent were held on the Jarvii street lacrosse grounds and were most successful. The tug-of-war competition between uom- panies was introduced and was won by *' A " Company. A apecial parade of the battalion was held Jan. Hi of the following year, iSSO, when a d«p'.itation of tlie Vicioiia llilles preserted. tiie noil coinmitisionod ollicers and mi'ii witli a silver cup as a token of their appreciation of the welcome extended them on the occasion of the September review. Tlia .Montrealeri were suitably rntert;iined. I''i:l()it'< were maile to have the regiment visit Quebec for tho (Queen's Dirthday out iiig, but it was found tiiat only a small pro portion of tho men could leave their occ .pa- tions for the no lessary time. It was there- fore decided to hold a camp at .Niagara, . iid on .Miiy 'J'J the battalion, .'(T^ strong, am bai'keii on the steamer Chicora for the lime honoreil camping ground. On tha following day, Sunday, divine service was condiii^ted by Rev. W. S Riinsford, then one of tho cieruv of St James' Catheral, and on .Mon ilay the usual salute was tired, with a march past. The afternoon was devoted to games and several tugs of war, tiiat between the o(Ti- ceii. and iioii conimis-iioned otlicers being won by tho former. The battalion's rifle shots were very buo cessful at this year's Ontario Ritle Associa- tion matches, winning third prize in the battalion match and tirst place in the skir miftition, as well as many in- diviilu.il pri/.i's. .At the Dominion Rille As.sociaiioii matches at Ottawa a place in the Wimbledon team was won by Staff Scrgt. S. F, Walker. Tne re:;iinpiital games were heM Oct. 30. The company tug of-war was again won by "A.'" company, wiiile t!.a ollicers once more pulled the non coins, over tlie line. On Nov. 3 the annual inspection took place in the Queen's Park bofore .Major- (General Lnarit, who had been lately ap- pointed commander-in-chief of the militia. The t,!ueen's Own turned out .">(!.") strong. T e general was iniicli pleased wiih iho work of the corps, and compared them favorably with the London Inns of Court Rifles, then the crack volunteer corps of England. REWARDS FOR .STEADY DRILL. At this inspection the otlicdr command- ing anaounccd in orders that a : adge would be given annually to the non com missioned oilicers and men who would per- form ninety per cent, of the drill. The names of those entitled to the badge were read out in orders. Lt Col. Otter also named C and I) Com- panies as flan A companies until further orders, he having determined — in accord- ance with the powers given him by the standing ord rs— that tliese companies were best entitled to the posts of honor. As may ba imagined, A and H Companies did not LANI 'MARKS OF TORONTO. 797 i,ish tiaiiig thus displaced, and A Company jl .tv«ral men. Tlie C'olontd evidfiuly ,1 not think tiie witlidiawai of theaa gon- 111(11 a matter for niueli Riief, for tliu ^i|ut'ii)t remarks in a tDot iiuto ttiat the :t' . >«ho rt'siijned lio lux in their .leiulaiii'c at drill ttiat the colonel had lust iiti Iciice ill them. hi ■.iiiuary, ISSl, Lt V'illiers Sankey or- aiii/cil a class for tiifi practice of military ^ctlil i.g. .Many oHicnrs took the course. ■iiioii lasted two months. In the following .mil Ml'. Sankey foimcd a 8i;,'n.illiiii^ ila.ss, Dtn v> ich eventually aroit •sii^nai ,. |i; (('iiiicrU'd witii the rcgiiiunt. nur.:.'.{ the winter, I..t.-t oLs. .Arthurs and iivi-^, .md Surgeon-. Major Thorliurn left jc 'v^imcnt, and on .March 18 tliesc (;eii- eiiitii were dined at the Na ioiiid C'luh hy ,e (i!i. ers of ihe corp-. Aiikhi^ the yuo.sts cii li.eotficeri comiiiaiidiii}: the city corjn .1(1 the ollicers of the reorganized lOth flic annual oiitiiu took pla e at lirant- rl. whither the battalion had been invit 1 ',> she :50th DuJiriii llilles The camp .ih\\ iKini May '21 to 25, the l(it:il strength »iiu' .'i7."5. On the (^Uu'en's iiirthday iho -u.i: ipvicw was hihl, and the coips wa.s ■M\,tuil with a bandsoino silver cup by I .ii oiiicirs of the Dufferiii Ritles aud the ,'.i;.ecHtne wearied of waiting their lurn for in htruction, and after two months' drill the lclaS3 was stopped. It is stated in the Kct:imental Record that the district stall' aUu threw every possible impediment in t«io I w»y of the class t the close of this year s drill the several I (^0 1 panies were restored to their original places, running from A to K. The commanding olHcer informed the men that in future such companies wjuld lie placed on the tliiiks as wore best adapted for the drill or parade actually being performed. The year IMM'J was one of ho moat pros- perous the (^U( en's Own has ever knos«u. It is recorded that more men volunteered than in any previous year, and the system of swlectiny; the beat physi(]ued recruits rgaii to be adopted. liy this mtans weedy and niidergrowii lads v/ere debarred from be- coming members, and a standard wa.s set up which has since been adhered to. Karly in January the oilicers held a m et- iiig, at wliioh an important aiteralion wiva made in the style of for.igo cap worn. For years the leather bound (ilengarry, with tiio regimental crest in .iilvci on the side, iiad been the undress iiiiifurr.i and belli service cap. At this meeting it wus decided to adop^, in place of tiio (Ilengarry, the net lietd service caji Tiiis cup is now worn by both oUiceis and rank and tile of the iiattalion The year IsS'iisalso notable on account of the sergeants of tho battalion having in February of that year e.stablisled a mess and recreation room. Tho apartments chosen were those still occupied, situ- ated in the Ontario buildings, cor- ner of Front ami L'hurch streets Many an otiicer has graduated from the sergeants' mess, us well nianagod and Useful (in institution as is possesseil by any other Caiiailiaii niililary organi/ation. The rooms are capitally fitted up and, es[)ecially in tiie winter, the n;cml)eis of the mess spend many evenings there. There eiro to bo found tho latest military {luldications, two billiard tables, a card r om anci smoUing room. One ot llie most popular invents ot tiie veur in military cijcles is the annual dinner of the sergeants' mess. Upon these occa- sions tiioro is always a very large muster of the trieiiila of the members, and it is always arraii::od that some (.listincnished military .nen are present to add to tlie en- joyment of tlie evening by their speeches. Lieut. -Col. Hamilton often says that tho sergeants do as much for tho battalion as the commissioned oilicers and no doubt the gallant commanding' olliecr is right. ACTOK SOl.IUKIiS. On -May If), ISS'i, thn non commissioned olHoers and men gave an entertainment in tl:e Grand Opera House at which several of them appeared for the first time on any stage The play presented was "Our Wife," and it is recorded that the performance was notably successful 'i he (Queen's liirthday trip this year was to Kingston. A grand review had been r- rangcd to take place at the Limestone City, ! -f l -.H iKf m m 4 K t; W i 7M LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. and th« Queens Own, 480 olronu. went down ?cr Orand Trunk Railway on the niuht of j lay '2'X Tliu bailalion paid all expenses, j exctptiii^' ftn al'.dwniice of fifty cents per niiui granted liy the (iuvirnuient for suh- ■Uteno '. The citizens provided liie rej^iment with meals during its sny in iho city, and at I0:.10 tlio rcvitw liei,'an on i'.arrietield coin nioii. Tho otluT col |H participating were the Montreal CJAii'on Artillery, li KiUiery, (I.uuuDiiuc Kiu d liAtlery, the cadets of the itcival Military College, Kingston, and the 14i"h r. W. O. i'litlcs. Lieut. Col. Villiers,l>. A. C., M'as the reviewing ollicer. Tiio guecn's Own, as usual, was easily (ir.-t in etlioiency. The Deputy Atljutant General spoke in very complimentary terms of the e.\cellont \\o:i; done 1 y tlie signalling coips It was upni this occasion that the newly formed amlai!- ance corps lirst did real service, being called in to carry from the held tho remains of an unfortunalt gunner of ilie Gananoqiie Field Battery, who was accidentally killed. Alter the parads the whole force marchcil through the city, and then dismissed. The olHcers of the 14lh I'.att. after.vards enter- tained tiieir brothers in arms of the (^tueen's Own. The return trip was made to Toronto without misadventure. On the evening of June IG the officers en- tertained at tho Albany Club Captain and Adjutant Buchan upon the occasion of his leaving the regiment to reside in liie Xorth- we~t, Capt. Buchan had been a member of tho tjueen's Own since 1800, havin,- served in that year as private in tho Upjier Canada College Company. Ho was present at the Belleville riots and did t;ood work as acting; adjutant. Tlie battalion shots were fairly success- ful at the Ontario and Donunion Rille As- i Bociation matches of this year. Tho men chosen to go to Wimbledon were StalT.- Sergt. Ashall, Sergt. Kennedy end Capt. \\ ilkinson. At the annual regin.ental ritio match there were 140 competitors. In this year the custom followed for many years of | canvassing tho city for prizes was discontinu- j ed. It was found that the donors of the prizes were in the habic of setting very high value upon them, and the man who, for in- stance, won a cup valued at $15, was usually annoyed to find that it was worth but half that amount. Lieut. -Col. Otter appreciated the disadvantages of the system, and at his suggestion it was decided that each company contribute fifty cen;s per man iu cash, with which the regin.ental rifle committee was requested to buy prizes. This system was found to work very .satis- factorily. There were no longer complaints iicard, and the fact of every man')i havint contributed to tlie fund v^ aa an iDcenlivf f many to enter tlio competitions. F'ljr some time Lt. .^^ankey, who, it will In remembered, had some time before organ ized a signal corps, with Color Stir geant Millington, had be(.>n ei);;a^(il upon the design and maiiuf utiiro of wo heliographs. 'I'hese instrument.-, utiieli wur ceitainly the first made in Canaila if not the lir.-^t used in the |)oniiiiioii, w< r tctid at a |)araile of the signal eorjis, held Oct. 8, ami were fi..und to \\(»ik adiiiirably. .ASM AI. INHIICTImN The annual inspection of the rei;im(nt | took place Nov. 9, wlicn Major • •em ral Liiiird inspected the (^>. O. R. and the li.iVnl (ireiiadiers on the Oarrison (cm mon.i. 'iho usual rev ew exercises were pii. formed in eie>litable style, after wi.'w A B an. I (" C(iinpaiiies were ordered to skir inisli, bciii^' supported by l> M aiui K Coin- panics. This exercise jicrfiirmod, .Msjor- (JeiK.-ral Liiard called out tho cajiiaiiH i4 the eoiiipanics and e.<[)res»r(i lii< pUasurcat tho iiiaiinur in which the work had Lt ii done. 10 rly in February, 18S.1, tho non n in mi-sidied clliccrs and men gave a very -iic cessful dramatic and gymiia.-.uc ■ iitjr taiiimcnt in the Craiid Opera I! .ii". Hearing of the success ol imj event, the oflicers of the Diitreiin Ililles of Biantford invited the parti. i()iu,ti | to rt [leat tho cincrtaiiinieiit iu liio Strut- ford Opera House, Biantford. 'fiie iiivitii- f ion V as acci pled, and after t!ie pci foiinaiiro had terniiiiat' (1 !.,t.Col. Oltrr p;e--cii'el ii,| the l)ulleriii Hillc^, on behalf of tho rantford on ti.ej Queen's 1 irthday, ISSl. Lt. -Col. Joui'S commanding the Braiitford battalion, it- sponded in appropriate terms, and lhe| visiting Queen's Own were subseiiuently eu kertained to supper at the Kcrby house London was the scene of the Qiicuisl Birthday outing of this yenr. A ie\iew| was i eld on the Carling farm in tho iiiorii- in ,<»t which there were present tho Q.O II., I Royal Grenadiers and tho Seventh Fusilicrsl of London. Lieut.-Col. Jackson, D. A. <.j.,| was in command. In the eveiung the lo- ronto oflicers were dined at the London club, while the bands gave a concert ia| Victoria Park. In June Lieut.-Col. Otter was appointeil to the command of the Wimbledon teatii, 1)« f ing th« first Torontonian to be accorded thati honor. The regimental represeutalivei uil w LANUMAKKS OF TOKONPO. 790 IK' team Wirt! Slaff Serf^eatit AmIi.iII and vfi^'iiut Keimuily. In llie Oiitii:ii> l.illu. \-,jui.i.iti(>ii m^tcliesot thin yoarlli'; (^'iioen's ht M .secured llie secund tc&iit pri/.« in llie Aalkcr niatuli, lirsl learn prizns in tin; Tait- I'liksHvy anil l^kirnii.Hliing niaiclics, uml four tt.aivittiial ft;.';,'rri»ate prizes. At tlie Ud- . million Ivillu Aasociiitiun matches in Sept. I til'; Qiieeu'a Omii inar'i^nineu by no nifiins '_ Killowod up tlicir carcor of victory, and did, III fact, very poorly. Tlie annuiil iiiHpoction tuoit place Nov. 8 nf ilif iOviiibilion ground.-t. Tno space for iiiaiiaiivrin^ waM very hiiiall and tliu iii<:n well' iimcli crninpod. Maj.>r (Iciicral i..iiarcl, snemeil, liowever, to be wrll plcascil. Tlio iiijoyinenl i)f tilt day was iiiai red by un tin- lortunatu accident wbicli (iriMiiti'd ;>.'■ llie lutiirii march was bcin^ made. In Kins,' stieet astioet car ran inlo Lapl l>cl.inu'ri!'s lior.-**, ho ulTriL,'liliiii; tlic uniin.\l that the ollicer was uiruwn. The h Ifcruzod animal plunged j willly, ..nii knocked down StjiiT Serjeant i.eikes. Doth wero severely injund. An i iU'lioi) at law which followed resulted in a . vei.lict fur Mr. ileakea. ' The alliletes of the .Montnal Garrison .\rtillery in thid month sent a l^i>;Ly f.jut- li.ill team to 'J'oronto to play llie l^>ucen'.-5 Own luiim on the 'Varsity ..iwn 'J'lie To routoniaua won a holly ('(iiitr.siod mutch. LT roU OTTKK Kl.TIRKS lu December Lt. t'ol OUpi, wh > had Ix'cii connected with the regiment since its i'lrmatiun, resigned command of liie Cjute I's Own, and became coinmand.int of the garri- son at the New Fort. '-C" Company CaiKiduin regiinenl of infantry was tiien, as now, i-tationed al the fort. Major A. A. . Miller was promoted to the position of ; Lieut. Colonel. j On Feb. 15, 1884, the sergeants of the I'li'.talion held their first annual dinner in | the mess rooms which had been established > tiiiei; years before. Ihree evenings later , till, oliicersgave a farewell dinner to Lieut.- j Col. Dtlcr. i Hraiittord was revisited on the Queen's Birtiiday, 18S4. In the mornin^f the | (Queen's Own and Duffetiu Ilillcs made a < route inarch through the city. In the after- | noon a lacrosse match was played between i a team from tne (^Veen's 0.\n and the j Brantford twelve iu which tiic Queen's J Own were worsted. The band of the regi- ^ ment gave a concert in the rink in the j evening, and the officers were dined at the | Kerby house On Sunday, 25tii, a church i parade was held in the sWaliug rink. Rev. , ■Manly Benson officiating. : The semi-centennial celebration of the fuundin<; of Toronto was held this year, and on Dumiuion day there was a parade in the Qucon's I'iii'k. The organizations present were : liamilton, Toronto and \Velland Fluid liatiirie.s, (iovernor-t ioneral's Foot (iuardi, Ottawa ; .Sixth l<\isiliers, Montreal ; 12th York Kuiigers, !4th 1'. \V. 0. Hitles, Kin^jsion j .'<4th, .%ih and 77th bftttal.ous and all of the other Toronto corps. Lt. Col. O. T. Ueui- son was in command. Inth- autumn the otlicers formed an athletic association, an 1 the annual games too; place Oct. II on Iho Kosedale grounii.-i. The annual inspcctiDii took place Nov. Ij I cforu .MajorOeneral Niddleton. The hiitory of the Nurlli west rebellio of IKS,') iti so frebh in the minds of (.'anauiiins that a detailed account of the cau&es leading thereto will b unncc ••.sary. It was on March the 'J.5lh, 1885, that word was rcctiv d by way of Chicago of an engagement between the moinaed police and the insurgentH. Fort Carllun, the scene of the eng>igeinLnt, was &u far from any telegraph otiices that the information was necessarily meagre. Or iers were re- ceived from Ottawa at ^ innipeg on the same day for the 90th liattalion and Winni- peg Field Battery to leave for Qu .Appelle. 1 iiij force rtaa ordered as speedily as pos- sible to take the route for the nearcs point on the railway to Due ; Lake, where Riel, the commander of the rebels, was entrenched. On the n'oiningof Friday, March the 27th, word was received in Toronto from Militia ileal Quarters iu Ottawa, calling cut the Queen'sOwn Kitlos and tiie Roval Urenadiers for active service. This call was strictly re- sponded to, and both battalions mustered in the Drill Shed Ti.e Queen's Own muster was ai follows : — ."^talT — Lieut. Col. Miller, Majors Allen and Hamilton, Adjt. Delanure, Surgeons Leslie and Natt.rass. A. Company — Capt. ■on V. Company— Capt C. Company — Capt. Hu^iiea. Lieut. Ciieeae borouiih. D Company — Capt. Mason and VValsh K Company— Capt. Mutton F. Company — Capt O. Company — Lieu . George. H. Company — Capt. Sankey.Lieuts.Greea and Cassels K Company— Capt. Acheaon, Lieut*. Guntherand I'earson. 01U)EK3 FROM OTTAWA. Later in the day orders were received from Ottawa that each regiment should fur- nish u contingent of 250 officers and men. I'rowii, Lient. Tiiomp- I'ellat, Lieut. Sjott. Macdonald, Licuts Kersteman, Lieui McGee, Lieut. Lee Hrock and Lieut. .1 f >lK ?tl '^ P ii 800 LANPMAIiKS OF TOKOMO. After }>araile Liviit. Col MilKi instructed tba company «t1ioi;i'8 to liand in lu tli« ••ijutant naniea of the men in their com- manda whu w^to best tirtoil fur active aer- vice At a Huii.s(M|Uciit iiarudc the niimci of the cho'cn men were read out, and at ei^ht o'clocli on Siitiird.iy evening tlic men who were to Hoe real liKhiuig inustcicd at the Drill Shed. On Monday. March HO, the TtdO mustered a^'ain in the l>rill Slied, and at II u'cluik (.'ol, Dcniiton, I). A. <•., ar.nounced that orders liail cmn • for the ecrvicf for|m to ini mediately take the route At I I :.'{() n'olock the cor[)s was hrietly adilres.sed hy t'ol. Ol UT, who was in cuuiiiiai d, and then llio ijreal iloors of the Unll Shed swuii;,' open and, headed hy tlieir hands, Torontu'^ |iiekud riti/un soldiery in.uched up .liuvis nireil to King, and the long journey to the Norlh- west had coinrnonccd. THK liKlAKTl KK. King street was a niar^s of people Citizens of all classes wihllv eiieered lUpul- ing volunteer*. Fiiendi piosed in .iroiind the ran a of ma: chin;; men and reacheil lor hands extended to tl. em. Whei! the force was at Yon^e .-irtet ilie (Irtnadier lian i ■truck up "Auld Lang >yne, ' and the (Jueeii's Own followed 'Aith ' TheCirl I L''ft r>ehuid Me." The ni'-n swunj; pfaiilly through a hurricane of cliociw. An iniiiiensc crowd iiad leathered at liie I'nion Sta ion, and the students of I oronto Uni\ ersity kept the nniUitude in a glow with patriotic s ngs. The approacli of the column wa.s lieralded by tlie cheers of llie tlious nds on ^'ork street. TiiC ranks had to push their way to the special trains on tiie south sidinps. 'J'he crowd rushed evctywliero 'I'iie Union station windows and roof were black w:th ppcctatDS. And every iiidivi dual in llie crowil was hhouiing faiewvil. The bands of the Queen's O in and (iren^i- diets stood aside and played tiie re imeius into the two trains which were waitin;; for ihem. At \:?,0 the Queen's Own train pulled out of the station amid reJoulded cheer and ten m nutes later the Orenadiers train followed, tlie bands of the two regiments playing "Cod Save the Queen '' as the t.-ams left the st.Uiou At 4 o clock in the afternoon, the train b aring the Queen's Own arrived at I'eter borough, where the platform was found crowded by a throng of enthusiastic citizens. A few minutes before arriving at Peter- borough the olFicers made up the parade state, when it was found that the Queen's Own had 'i88 men on board, 38 of the rifles havins; secured l.its and jumped aboard the train unobserved by the officers during the ix.itement of embarkation. The journey down the CI'.R tn Smith - FallM (lartodk of llie nature of a triimpha! pio^rcMs. At Kexernl stations guard* ol iiDiKir Were turned (jul and hot refreshment.'' furnished the troops. At KaUd.ir wm I was received of the Indians, and the volun tci r« wno loft Toronto, fejirin:; that the re liellion was more nt a scare th;in .i i'au.sp fm hopini,' for i>''* .eservic , betunic oonMn'i'.i that they would see rial lighting. Th'; lon^' journey was most tedious. At .Njat t.iwa addiiiiinal ne^\K fr m the North we.i' ^avt the volunteers something' more to talk of, but still the Ijluicn's Own dul not re;;ar ' as un>v elcoine the prospect of making th" tii-.t nwirch thiou;;h llie bush over an uii.din plelctl Hoctioii uf the Cuuadiaii I'acilio liail way. lU'MciIl^ or I'lPdK WK.AI'DNS. Miii'li appicheiision was felt in Toror'.> wiiiii it becani'-' noised about that the^ni.lff tille with widcli the men were armed was umI a Matislactory wea|ioM, and that men ar i ed with it would bj ill tilted to cope with an enemy jiiovbled as the icbels were with !{cmitii;toiis lirm. Md. lUako brought tiii-i matter up in the ]{oiise of Commons, an > said that he would hold ihe .Ministers )ioliticallv and personally responsible it they did iiol sec Ih.at ilio tioops were furnished at no matter what cost witli tho best pro curable rilles. Il will be nothing Ichs than murder. Mr. I'dake said, to send troop* up tlicie with arms inferior to those of ine enemy. Col. O'llricn, commanding oHic-r of the .'{5th Sinicop Foresters, said that h* and liis men considered the .Snider an eminently satisfactory weapon. Th* loni; journey to \N iiinipcg, with its many " portages ' over (lie gaps in the C. \'. II. line, was safely mide. On April 7th the train l>eariug the Queen's Own ro Ind into Winnipeg station, lo be wtico ned l>y thou sands. Oflicers and men looked tired after their long journey and inarches over snow covered piaini.but all were iu excellent Hfiinis and k.nxious to push on lo Q'.i'A)ipe!le At four o'clock liie satne afternoon the Quecu'ii Own left for Qu'Appelie. .At nine I. 'clock the followin? moruing (^u Appeiie was reached. Ikre a large gathering of civilians, Indians and l> (iattery rcgul.trs welcomed the Torontonians, wio remained in camp until April 10. when Col. Otter sent them to Swift Current, whenca the lone march t' Battleford commenced in company witii "C" Company regulars, artillery, ani Oovernor-lieneral's Foot Guards sharp shooters. Col. Herclnncr wa^i in commana of the staff. V,y April 21 the force had forded the Saskatchcw.m and had travelbd 40 miles en the other side. Ou .\t>ril lord. .it th \\ m wlieri I.. (Wr Mnldl ,.' *tli I'.att' 40 . vany. (In laiiny I'ouiid The (ol. louu;h HI I'll 41 weri I l.'itler \ a rev WallK » ardjf III to liush, i^iiiit The i'. ee 'ii'll. > ,i.ptur Mil iliianh ;iinii'd 18 eiil SiiU'i i'(i xte, l.t.-Col l(. B. I.ANDMAItKS OF TOlMtN'K) HOI April 27 tlu' «'<»luimi iirrivoii at H.itlli'- lord. I'Im' I^I'tii'm (Iwii fiitiiMli'tl -tTvirf .it till" I'rcHlivli'iiitu «liui'ili, iiiiil miNioiiN- \y a\vaifnillllll|ll)'l| llV (it'll. Nliililh-toii Mild til'' ii'IivIh a fi'W dav>i ln'- '.I'l' At HattlrUird tin' fuK'i' coiisi- ti'd !HI I «• i<- l\Vt>'i ■•, 40. (j'iii'ch'k Own. 2'> . one hail <" Coin- :.:iM.v. 40; I', llattfiy, K iliH«»l<«l. 1 -". nil; < I KMH, Ml. Ml'. On Mav iii|iii''.i' vi"l«n\\ for (ol. OtttTH Unvr TIm- (.^ufi'ii's Own l<>ut;lit liriivi'iy. anil lia|<|iil,v Hiiffi'i-fd \i fiii(»tl- iiii i'n'> O' It w IN .I'tiT- .iiiU found th.it till' ndicls liad atti'iiipt- t< il «'ol. OMi r f lui-rr into .'in a in- 'Us|i. Iiitt liH'kily (|i,> conitnandi'i-'H forc- f^iilit prcvi'ii t.Ml ti Till' fo:«-" ri'tuini'il t,, r.ittli d. when' !'. cii-aiiipi'fl, afti'iward- poinjj to liirri, '' '' . On , ItnUiilloii Th«> l'rrs«-nlnllon of lli<- 4'4tlonrH In lM«i;i. T!if history u^ the lOth Roynl rucna- lii'i-s i>j oni' Iri'ii'ht with Kvi'i\{ inl'i'i'st t*/ many 'roionti«ni;ins. Tln' l>;i ttiil'mi lia^; ll"l'll ill CNISl. ■!,(■, . si|||. |S(;|_ ,,||,j ,||||i|,;r lli.it time ni.iny well-known .'iiid hiu-cc^s- lul «'itiz''ns have Im'.'ii romn'cti'd with it. On till' I'Vi'tiinfj of S;itui'day. Dtri'inlit'i- 21, l.'<(;i. th'Tc w iM held in tlu' .\Ii<'li;i niiv' IiiHtitutc a_ incrtiiiK of many t'lasscs of iiii'ii. Knu'iiicors. ai-fhitccts. sui'v.'voi's. I'.iiUvay offirialN, coiitr.'ictovs, ini'chanii's • ind others wen- .-ill tlicrc. F. \V. ('iitiihcr- ImihI, to whom th«' wlicm.' for the furmn- ti'>ii of a ni'W militi.'i owed it.s in . ptiim. moved the ficHl iltiti <'n, r.illii; lorm.iti'm of {■iit'li a luittalion. A er fill' the moetln wii.s f(»rin<'ll. and thai itsi.ri'JO had liei n xiilmilied tow a rdf the expoimi's of organization. It wa^ at this iifetiiii;' that MMii'li't waH deeided ii|M>n as the col- •iir of the i-eniiiiental tnnie. On tl ve illj; of Molldav. Iterrliili' ail. istll, ihi ••(iimnitti'e ap|p<>;iiied at the jjeneral meet inw iin't and prcK'eeded to th" M'leetion of 4H lueinljerM of a v iiiiinilti'i' l" ni'ininat.i' •rill, nil |i ll(H. Two evening" later thi'se j^entli'iiieii Were ni'l''«'t'''l : I'lNinastcr. .lolii' ,'^uiiil; adjul.iiil, .1. (i. .M<'(l;alli ; qua itiTin.'ister. 'I'liomas (iuiidiy. ("m |.i 'liim 1". \\ . Ciiiiil I.'iii'l. A. I'.iiiii .lohn \Vorthin;;ton. A. De (ir.'ifi'i. .'».iiidfi)iil I'^i'ininf. W. ''• Storm, ,]:tK. \\ ortliinn'mu, .lohn .MeCJee. A. Maiming, (leo. Carroll. I i"Uteniiiit.>' W Mi'W .'1 11 I, II. |- ''mine'. F. Ci.at»rtliiH(!;tiiii, .\lfi" |t''ed- cric William Cumberland. .iU m 80-2 l.AND.MAltKS OF I'ltlJONTO. To lip M.-iJDis -(\ipiiiin .Iiiliii Woilliiiii;- I'.liSS, I'. TllOI'lllli F. Wilkitis. ton, from llu' first iMnii.;ii;y. ami C.nil.iiii , .fosoph Waddy, Doiia'il F.'isvtli. William Jolin llrimol, from tho sccdiiil iMiniiaiiv, N.t. 1 (".111 :>nii\— 'I'll hi' ("a|i|aiii, (i'nri;o ntiil. Mills, .l..!in Ki'lly. A. ■i'aylor, .loliii ■I'aylo:- (■(iiii|iaiiy No. ;{— .li..si'pli 'layloi, A. !)(>- jrraHsi, ( liaili's Siiupsnii, l.i riivioll. Khj.. v't' ' Wcrtliiiiniiiii. p: N'r). 2 Coiiipa i;\ - To lii' I'aptaiii 'i Ma^jratli, F.s j., vico IWiiin'l. proni'^t.Ml. liaiii C ilJiMi, Tlins. Aryi-s. ii l\varil ]..i>okH- hoa-l, llmill.'v, Mii'hacl Milton. Wii- A. W as foll.'WOil hy ll M iirpliy, ("..^■'riil Order III Kt'iil, Fdw.iid II. Mi-Kiin. i; I .>oli< ■dlllti ■riio 1 DiMi riMlinl jDllS appii;iii luciits, ell S.M.'i.s. .laiius 1- airlianks, Mii'lii il.'.Ds, A. .lark ml: Kol-rrl r.i. III! |l!ti••l'|•^ 1 .!■ till- iriii.s, .\ii>tiii Ml' .N.I ma iM. <>\\ 'ii MrNall> Will. M. Mi.ldlt>t..ii, ■I P. •hv f( d iul. a lia(lali< d.M- (1 11 ii; cwdui I, .ln!lll Mllciirll, .lollll Al- I ; civisi •!■* nf Si' 2li of till' (^lll^c^i(lal 'li,itia Law, d 11 ii,> Nl.xl. I'l llatta'ioii \ nlii ( ana I lo iii> .":.- ■iin the .'V' T!io rol i.ii- -» \p 'rlaiii .ttal!,.ii ■I' t; I. Kr.'d. Ci: M'Olitu, riiiH'iit (Ml M.i r.'!i HU li, \*'il!i:im .loiics, l!Ui Wilsiiii, .laiiirs Mc.\!li-;i'r, .'.•im"s MrCiaw, C !•;. P>iill. .1. C. Cili.-i.i:, Tl!".<. Si, irr. Tlio-^. Scat, (li'n. .inliii KaiiiNmi, .\ii- I Tale, -lai 11' 1 1 '^(>2, was ; I 'nllip.'l ll.v M.. . .Iid;a Til. ■mi '.IIMIl^, r It-ll'!-, Will. 1" •II w ii'k, Ai:d|.w 'iiiia.' .'I .Kinai' lienrv M. Cull. .1. 1-A. !'. ts, (i II nn: t .11. .Ian '!!'■> I.nll- ■1 Tl'.Mliip- >ll. (il'ii|\ P. I)i'):;i lliildswi.rlli. All'riMi .l..|iii Slut... T. Slinr ■111. ll'M'pIl 1 ;ia rii's (' . mp III. I' ailllp K :l\ a ;;;i ll, III Sli.-iiikliii, !s(ii;, Tlu.'^. Mif'l •|-..l ill .1 a iiKc-^iia, ill llo!iii.Mi, William l»oni.iiss. Win. U. isDii Ci'.i l^ .s .i: t i .liiliii ('.ini; I Mil .sinia'i. Iwaiii Mm (i :ir, .Vili-.'d r..Tiv, .\li W 11 SloiiJ!;.'! t, .Il .M W .-itSdll, , l-'rasor, ]'. .Mi- ( ■imp.i n\ No. .1-llius. Iliii'si, Miti Ml. '.■.Ii, .li.lii, !\.;'i!, .Ii.'.ia I'.lli , lli'iiry .^av- ■.rsi'. .Ia!'i"s .Mnriav, .l.iiiii's I'rnt lu'i', .la.s. C.iud.'rni.', W. I. Ki.lfili. i. 11. II Wm. Nic'linils. Fli;,s \' ■. V. .',!,.:■ T.i' Fi-;i iicnis, K^'i.'v; l^lll^i,•l^ I"i an l>p '' Miidli Will, iiii'il 'V, (i '. I ,i;i- Tliiiiii.'u I'.'.ii, .Iiiim i;:i-'l;i:id, .lohii MmIiILii', llt'nr> Ihrsi, II il. .1; Pet. l.ni, 1. 1. lull iliii il.i r> il', (" r-iM, '|.!l Iliupia.S K .Vrcln'r. Th Dill ( )'(\iiiii'ir, Ii. 1)1 lltMij.'uniii l)i'aii, S'.eplieii .Matt' Wn W !!. P.'tti V dm III .1 ir.ua n, iiisiiM.! Mi'aii, I,.'I\V Kti'.ai'ii Marsou, i! Naliolas lii I' W llTS.Ml hiilip Tliiimas Wi.iin.pih I",, M.'ti.niin, Ivlw .a I'd llig- rii.iN niirraiil, .lolili l>ill, Wm. Wm. Caiw W.iir. Cli.arl !iii •I'ayli. Ks.'pli IMii^nui, .ioliii I'ci'd, W. C. M.'in.sd I'n'iisnn, Al.'N.iiKJi'r .Si,.w:,!-t, Win. Mi'M'il- S.'mui'l I'l't I it;r.-\v. (i.'orne Ca:r<>ll, T M. P. MeNiiitv. I'lH..-^. MiiliT, Mirli.i.'l <':'i-i' I'.uiiis, M.'ii'k Si'dt L iiii'iK'Hi. Company N. Iioaii, Cliarli' Fred. Warii'ii .«<■;!. Willi.'ini Vi ni'ii'' Mi dl. T Miii W. Cr.'ws, .lolui Hillock M. 11 Willi irH'o, ii.'i.i'i ippiiiH', (iill: Inllll (illlSdll Thos. Wilki .skiiipim, Win. Harris, .lolin Ni'ill. N.'itlinn- Ciir.".\, •I nil' •l..lin KiiowH. ii'l Die! W illiam atlr.•^v^ (;r:;:,t .1. Ci.'(»rne Kit- l''OX.ill, (ieoru'e ilox' SkidiiH lames Ke.'ils, .lull .\ I'.rui e|, jr., Ti'uliiis I'.riii (iili> >n, .iii-epli Wi 111 ( onipaiiy I-yen, .1.11 li'iirv .l;i .''.-W diert.';' William Wm. lyle, .losepli Marshall .Io«i.'tli CrevH, .lamei I!:.mphries, lli'ii'y l.evett, -lam.'s Meln- Ifenderson, .lolin .\neliifler, (i llul( dl, N. liii'key, Wm. .h lilies lliiLihes, Dan- Mi don, .(oliii Maeiiilosh, MiC LiviiiU'sloiii', Will. Armstriii:^', \\ . ,1. , .Idlui Uoxall, i;. .laenlks, 'I'lioniiis Carfrae orv, .1; ( line I'red. A. .Vliehilih l(diii I'liirn .1; mes Mill d, W. W. L.'iiid, (ieiiriri' llassard, p.in, .loliii W «.rtliii;p;ioii, William Steward, .•^..i.dford I'li'ininii, Wm. Hi Yeo, I iielia n 1 Hi .I; Fan W. F. Nil- l.edphilus Diiliie, .li'K. lli'.T-ilip, IVitiii'k noil, David Thomas, .lacid) Nokes, Simon Kcily, Kiehard Smitl Mi'Doryall, .1. Straelian, liiehard Fliilav, Wm. Miilvey, C. Taylor, Fdward Cntterill, .I.iiu's .1. I'enton l'.iirii.s, Uoliert Hill, Peter (iall, Mikey, Arthur Carkeek, .l;imes (>i;:;iii, A. .lolm M;iiisall, William W hiteomb, .Ifim.'.s Diekie, Wm. Stewart, ll. Moiilti V Cam pill W illiam I'ord, Philip Kelly, •losepli Green, Fdward Mj'ti.ini!. William Michael Keating, .lame« Miller, .!efl^e Marn, II. Mi'l,jin^;lilaii, .lolm Cil.e'.t, .Inhii l Fensonn', I'.dwiii Fnircliild, Thos. Scott, Olynn, Michael Curly, .lolm Mulhnr-y, .las. ■ TVm. Stewart, jr., .lolm W. Koeven, Dim- mamsm^ LANDMARKS OK TOllONTO. SU3 ciui Mi'Wiitl, (lOorKc (lU.VfiiltMi. Ali'xiiinlfr IJci'uuT, .loliii (ircin', .loliii l!()iiiil»ii(k, Win. Ui'Mt, \\\u. Cartor, .lolm Carter, Siiimu'l Slow, Win. Hill, Aiit^iislii.s Alicll, Will. I5lin:k, .Ills. IJoniiiU, Will, .luliii iJiixlii , Will. (Jruliiuii, W'iillt'i- (iray, CI 's. *i«»il;lit. Win. Craijl, .laiiu'H 1. I'ikc, Win. Cliaili-s Snoll- iiiK. NVin. Pavis, Win. 1. (Jivciis, W in. Wil- son, 'riioma.s Cil.-ulstiiiic, U. Cinillcr, Wui. r>nrn.«i, .lolin 'I'lioini^smi, .lolin Kav, Mat- Iht'w iV'urd, Jaiucfl llawki'. Win. .Mnr|iliv, Alex. .liiliii.>flom', TlioH. liarr.v. .1. Ilis.sop, (tcorgc Iliitii|t- lainl, .loliii Wortliin^lun, jr., .lolin (Jiccn- lo«s, Arthur inas Kairltairn, .lainen TlioiniH^ni, Henry .1. Sniitl, lOdwanl Mali, .lohii 'Prevail, .laine.s Williams, .lohn .MeCi.'iiii, Win. I>. lioi^ers. Win. (ioiiriay, .loliii .Maleolm, Ainli-e\v Siiinlor, 'rUoiiias Klison, Henry .lacksoii, I'.ii'hanl Smith, (leorj^e Knuliliaek, .lames Kdgear, Alex. W ray. (oiii|>aiiy No. 7 — 11. 10. (ireuf!;, .I.ime.s II. Spriiift', C W. l{iieh;inan, jr., .lohn Shan- non, Win. Hiiwhen, .lohn .1, Miles, .Michael Smith, .lames Ci-. IVal, .losoph Ilo}?ers, .S. Wiitson, W. .1. Stiblw, Henry .lacohs, '\'\uk<. Downey, Kven .Niehol.-JOii, W. 1!. Atl.ams, Henry Hen- W(Hul, .lolin Smyth, .1. 'riiriier. Win. Ilen- (ieition, Kobert Mishiin, (ieoi'>;'e 'rait,(ieo. Jy. Armstrong. IL S. . Kou'ers, .lohn M. Si'ott, tJeoi'f!;e C;impbell, I'eler .lafobe, 1?. 15. Traey, M. (iarilner, W. H. (ioiij^h, I'r;iiii'i« Tweeilie, S;iiiniel MeCoiil, .lames Waldie, Kobert Harrison, .lohn M'- l.annlilin, .lamee Spein'e, .lohn i'.ri.sto, (ii'(>rne Steels, .Ili Williams, II. W'(H'(llu)n.se, Win. CineUer, Win. St iirji'eoii. l''roiii the incetition of the reninieiit the 'ri'iitli Koyalu iinul(> steady pronri'ss. It Was reiTiiiled, in .-Kvorda.iice with the de- si^n of its founders, from the arlisans and meehanies of the city. A healthy rivalry betweiMi it ;iinl the (^neen\s l)wii «|H'iiin;' lip, altlioiin'h, of eonrse, tl.e Koyals .•ind their dark nniforineil brolhers-in- Jirin.-i were always on the best of terms, 'riir cliiel ditfieiilty eneoiintered waf< thiit of obt.'iininn- till' neee.ssary est.i blishment I't (..ffii'eiw, for Toronto beinn' early in the si.xtiiH a place of barely fifty thousand inhiihitants, eii ivi lively few of her yoMiiti, men felt jii.stified in exixMidiiiK the aMioniit necessary for the inircliase of the luiilui'in. Still, the battalion made Hteiidv pro^reaH, and when the I'enian war cloud ap|N-ared, the Tenth Koyals had made a name as one of Can.ada's crack corps. .\t .•! mi.'etiiii; of the officers held in .\pril. IStiL*, a I'ommit tiM' conipowed nl the fi.'M officers. ttij:'tlier with Capt. l)e(iraKsi, l.ieiit. (inn Iry, l')nsi^n lU-scoby an! C.ipt. W(M-tliin^t(>n were appointed to draft by-la w« for the ^^eii-ral govern men: of ih" batt.alion. It was arran^ced that the fi.ld <)ffi«'ers post officers to each oompaiiy an follows: - No. t Comp.'iiiy - Capt. , I. lent. Stewaril, Ijwi^Mi Dinni.s. No. 2 Conipiiiiy C.'ipt. Metirath, l.ieiit. KobertK, i;iisi^ii Hamilton. .\o. .'{ C»»inp;i ny- C.I pt. Flemiii;;', I. lent. I'aHsmore, Mn-'iu'n I'elle. No. 4 C»>in| .my -C.ipt. .Ia»i. Wdrthinj;- ton. Lieut, (jiindry, i;ii.siv;ii Stollery. No. ."> Company C.ipt. l)e(ir;iK.-ii, 1/ieiit. .Mliiston, Kiisi,:iii Hcseoby. No. t> Company— C,i pi. CoatJ<\\ ortli, I. lent. I'lemin.::. i!iis;p;n Mitehell. No. 7 Coinp.iny — Capt . (li'or^je Carroll. I.i'iit. r.ox.ill, i;iiii.;n I)i<'key. ('.apt. .Mf(i"e, unattached. Aiiidher meetiiiij; «if oflit'erN was held early in May. ISCi^, when it waw de«-id»>ren -ral drill. This wan «'oiisi(iered to U" an (distacle in the way of liettiiu' nnitable re«'ruitH. The of- ficers, ill licet intr ansembleil, pjissed a iindiou .slating; that in their opinion the pn rioil of drill islunild Ir' left to the dis- eretioii of the comni.'inderiin-chief. It w;is .also suiinosted that six days' drill woilM he more ea.sily executed. .\t this iiieetiir.r ;i,ii undress cap for the offieer.s w.as adopted. Soni ' I'oiilit lii\iiin' arisen as tn the pro- b.abilily of i!ie (Inverniiieiit "s ;iC(|niescinu; in the ii>i|nesl re;:;i rdin^;; drill, the J^ieut.- Col. w;iH anlliiirized to procurt> the recog- nition of the battalion as nn .artillery corps, shonlil the course of events ri'iidi'r it expedient to do so. The (ioverniiu'llt decided to ann'iid the drill regulations. Weekly ]);irade« were u >w held. .and the P.ritish re;;nlarM ;it the .New Fort fninislieil drill scr;ieants. The officrs at the fort, the reuiinenlal ininuten nt.a.te, ■also Irji, their .aid to the new offieei-K, Home ui whom had alisolnti'ly ijo know- ledii'e of milit.ary .affairs. (Ml .Inly tl, ISd.'t, took place the presi'ii- t.atioii of colours to the lOth Koyals by Mis. Cnmtierl.and, wife of the lieulenaiil- •'oloiiel comma ndiiiK- It was thiw describ- ed by one of the ni;\\ spa (leis of tin" dav: It is ajways a ploa^mt;' duly to t'liroa- !p. i m »••' \l U- ■ !■ til ! ih ii 804 LANDMARKS 01*' TORONTO. / I i-'J^ iclo tUe fact that any portion of the , coimiiuuity are jriving " aiJ ""1 I'oin- i fort " lo the V()liiiili.'i'r movoiiu'iit. Iiut it is doubly gratifying whoii that aid and ; comfoi-t come from the fairer .sci'lions of the comnmuity, The officers and !nen of the Tenth Hoyals may well feel pnuil of marching unilei- tlie colimrs presented by the ladies of that rtant ceu'iuony- ^^^^^ '>" ^^^^' l'-"'*^ "' ^'"' •^'"'i''"'"*' and men. The scarlet uiiiforms lately t"iippiitMl bj- the (iuvenuneni l(K>ked bright and gay, and it was tlic first time that the mlire reginu-nt had turned out in full dies* unilotni. That they made a line apioar.inn- all who saw lliem admit. That each ofiicer and man lo vUed every inch a soldier nobody can (U-ny. j At half-past two iu the aftenio:vn the rcgimeul lefi headiin.trters. King sireet we.-it, lieaded by the pioneer coiapaiLy aud their band, in a neat white uniform like the rep;ulars, and playing in capital Btj'Ie on the new instruments presented with their cokHir^*. They marched to the Queen's Park, where they executed »vell a number of battalion movements, under command <_ f Lieut. -Col. Cund)erland, and then manhed to the cricket ground, where refresHiments were served. Tiie ciiizenw were assead)ling at this time in gn-at numbers on the comm.>n to witness the pre.-Mitation. The spectators were esti- mated at five thousand |>erson«. About four o'clckck the sound of martial mu-^ie wa-s heard in the distance, and in a few compnnie-;, comprising the IJMtialion, unth'r comnuind Durie, mai-ched on to the a firm tread, headed by their baud, playing a lively (juick-step, aud to^^k up their position on the south Bide of the field. They had hanlly got the word " Stand at ease " when tins, tune of "The IJritish Grenadiers" was heard, and on came the {gallant Ti'ntli, and wheeled ([uiekly in line on the right of their <'oniiranit ficconi|i)anying stand of colours for regiment, togethei' with a set of instru- meuls for its banil, as an evidence ot the warm interest they take in the welfare of your corps, .and their high a|)i>n'eiatia:i of the spirit by which it is animaieiL In (onliding these colours lo your eli;uge, the donors are persuailed that they en- trust them to thcvse who will ever keep them in safety and in honour, nor do they doubt that if unhappily a neces- sity should arise for uniurling them in defVnee o; the province, you will inomptly rally aunind them at the call of tluty, and. emulating the historic gallantry of vonr comrades uf the ri'gular service, you will bear them with a valour which will evina' affectionate attachment to your homes, patriotic love of .\nur enun- try and liA.al devotioa to your Queen. (Applau.se..) (•oNSKCR.\TioN III' Tin-; cin.onis. The Rev. Dr. McCaul. president and professor of the University o:' Toronto, i\i\ not refrain from expressing the groat pleasure it afforiled her to take ;>ctrt in the interesting cere- mony, in common with the ladies assoriat- etl with her. in the iiresentatiou, all of wh()m naturally took the dei>|R'st intei-est in the wcdfare of the regiment. She c<»uld aasure them that they would always be Very zealous ol' the honour of the lioyals, but they were certain that it would re- main unsulliewer for tlii'ir couulry.rnled over l>y <.neof tiiehest and ni'i'il lii'loved of Sovoreigiis. (Cheers.) Rev. Dr. MH'aul then stepped forward and, addre.ssin'V the offieers a^id non-eoni- mi*<.>-i(Hied olfi<'e'.'s of the " 'renth," said that it wJiH wiih no ordinary pleasure lie addres-ed ihem a few words on Jin oi'ca- Bion, th" need of which. In hdd no douiil, would fill i>u>- of the briu'litest pa^es in ill' annals of tluii- <'or|KS. It was uralify- iiiK and honourahle to all ♦•oueerned. to the p,ivei-s and receivers, to the ladies who had pre.stnted the t'oloui-s, and to those who h;iil received them, .-md there- fore he could, with pei-fect propriety, term the .'ici !\ most iiolde one. It was a most nolile act on the part of the ladies .as it testified the interest tliey felt in tlie corivs, nnd .nt the same time n'.-ive a pi- their pari, to Hi'iid foi'th their husliands, brothers ;ind sons in defence of their eouniry. trnstinj;" that (iod wouWl, in His infinite mer<'y. iM'in;^; them back to them unharmed. The ;ici was also Iioim ur.'ible to them .as the donors in tlieii- addi'ess s.iid they felt they wei'i' c,>n:iiliii^' the eo'.ouirt to worthy men, wh.t. ill the event of wai', Woulil stand side by .--i !i' with llu' }!,;illant refiiiuenls oi' ilie I'l'fiul.'ir service sent out from the Motii- er Coiiiiiry in tin' day ol our peril. When they io iki'd at the (^tueen's Coli.ur (I'nion .J.'tck) they would icmendier theii' dut.v to the empire of wliich they fornn'd a part anil lo the h.'ippine.ss they enjoyed under the lieni'i'n rule of Our Most (ii'acious Sovereiiii. ,\nd when they looked at the reti;im"nt;il colour they would renu'mber that they inisht be called t>n to defend their happy lionies in this fair and fertile <'ountry. the birthplace or the land oi adoption of them all. .\nd in defendiiii? their homes they were also protectiuft' thi'Lr wivi'w, their dauj;;hters, mothers, sin- ters, or sonn'one who would one day take ,1 deeper position than that of sister. Dr. M<'('"!iul closed his eloipient roniai'ks liy statiiii,' that Ih' felt siitisfied the men of the Royals would preserve the colours with i.'tisuriioil lionoui-, and hand tlioin dt>wn witluiUl a Htain to tlu>se who suc- ceeded them as emblems of the love they bore tlieir country and their loyally ti> their (^iieen. .\t the re(|ueMt of the colonel command- iirj;, the committee of ladies and fientle- men who li.-id taken part in the eej'.Miio'iy pa.s.si'd down the front of the bris'ide, clo«i'ly inspected the men, and retii'ed to the tent. Col. lioliert.son and staff mount- ed their horses and liK'k up a position on the west side of the field, f;iciii^' the centre of the bri'j,ade. TKOol'INi. rili: ;olol'I!S. The en^i'iiis ;ind sei f^ci i:ts with the col- oiirK then iii;ii<'hed to the left of th" line and the escort c,impany, headed by ihe bands, marched down, when the lii'iiiiiiful ceremony of troopinji the colours w;is per- formed, '{"lie coloiir.s were now displayed to the breeze, and excited general ad- miration. They were certainly very lieau- tiful, and reflect the f?reatest ci'edit on the taste of the donoi's. The i"egimental Colour Ls of a he;ivv blue silk, ne.u- the top is a ci'own. be.'iutifully embroid.M'i'd w ilh tlu> motto. '• Ki'.idy. aye Heady !"* Tlie number of the I'efiinient, " lOth Koy- als.'" is en<'ii'cled by a beautiful sewed wre.'itli in .-i ppropiia te colours, and eoni- |Hi,s:'d of till' rose, thistl(\ sl'.jimrock and m.'iple leaf, wliile underneath are the words " Tenth Royal Reiiiment, 1. W t'an- iida." On the Lnion .lack is a ciown of bullion, with the words '• Tenth Royal Re;;imenl, I. V. Canada" of the s;nne m;i- terial. The st.'iff of each cohmr i'^ sur- mounted liy a lion ;ind crown in solid silver, ami a sliield inserted in each staff Contains tlie leg-end th;it the colours were " Presented to the Tenth l^oyals by the I>adie« of Toronto." iii;vii;wii> iiv Till-: roMMANi)',Ni'. After the ceremony of trooping th- cnl- ours terminated, the Irosips were drawn up in line. The word wa.s then niven and they quickly formed into eonip.'inies. ILich band t(Hik up .'i position at the head nf its rcMfiective battiilion and the couiiianios inai<'hed past (V»l. Robertson and st.ifl in slow and ipiick tin»", the officers salutinn' iiH tbey passens was hip.hly creditable, inid the wheelinu', taken as t\ whole, well ;ind sipiarcdy done. Of course some of the Companies did belter tlian others, but, whei'c all tried to do their best, it would lie invidious to pjirticularize. The bat- talions next ma relied jiasi in solid co'iiimn and afleiwards were drawn up in line. The adv.ancintj; in line on the p;irt nf the " Royiils " could not h.-ive been bel- ter executed by a re>iimenl of I'epular.-J. On the word " halt " they h.alted .-ts one man, showinjr a straight even Hue from , -tr' ■m [■■!(■:■ ! I ''i 1': KltO LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ri>;lit to loft. Col. KolMTtHoii tluMi rodi* nji ill fi'Diit (if the liriitmli' mcoinpanicd by his Htiiff ami tho offieiMs wi-re calli'd arouiiil him. Col. KoliortHon .•iddrcHHinn tlio com- ma iidiiip offiei'r8 said that In' liiid to utato that Mnjoi-tn-iifral Nnpicr ri'Krct- tfd that he I'oiild iml W iiri'.sciit on surli nil iiitori'Htiiiji uii asidii, in coiisiwinoiu'i' f>f illiu'fls. It had afl'orch'd hiia d'ol. Hobcitsoni iiuich plcasui'f to tai<(' part ii! tlic ciTomoiiv, and In' li;id w itiH'ssi'd lhf> pf! Inrtnaiici" 1)1' the vaiioiH iimvi'- nioiils l\v till' Miiiiiiti'tM'8 Mitli surpri.'i' well done, ami thi'ir advaiu'inp; ill line |it'fl'i'i'l. Ill' llicu cnuipliiiu'iUcd both otlicors iiiid iiu'ii on llu'ir I'llicicncy. Tho ti'iiops pri'Mi'iiti'd arms, rcloi'inod fiijuiiui, and foiiiiiny; icurs i.'fi return- ed to tho I'it.v, llu' hand pla\iny; martial tnni's. As tlii'v passed tlie lianaeks on IL'inn sifoet the nuaril of the ^Htli iKe- piilar Armvp turned out and presented arnns. The (Queen's (>\mi paid the Koynls a similar eoniplinient as they niai'i'hed into their lieadiinarlers, KiiiK slre"t wosl. In the drill room the uohmrs were lurleil, the tioops dismissed, and tlie pro- ceedin>jM tormina ted\ On May IS, l.stUl, fol. Brnnol, then in iniiianl of the Royals, received ordorw (rvs for immediate active serviee. The Call w.'iw nohly res|K>nded to. Men who h:ul left the battalion heH()n;ilit Col. Brtiuel to ;iy:ain enrol their names, and acquie»\vn, with some Te;nilais. hivin.r .uuiie over the niglit be- fore. The citizen-) of Toronto turned out ea maMse to s.iy fur. 'well to the )j;alhint redcctats, and cheer after cheer went up as the rcfi'imcul Tiiarched from the
    ok train for Sii«j)«'n.sion Bridjre. The whole Niagara country wat< in ;i *»tate of excitement. It wius rumour- ed that no less than f've thous.ind Feuiaiu* unT.er "0>'noral" O'Xiel had croKsod into Canada at Fort Erie, and that they were marchiajj )i|X)n St. Catha- rin'w. buriiinp and devaHtatinn aH tliey wont. No autlientic information could Iw obtain 'd by the RoyalH* commandor a*« to the wheroalM)UtH of the t^noon's *>wn ;inl lath. of Hamilton. Tho Tenth Knyals pr(A'oeded by train to ("hippawu. where the niy:ht wan M|K'nt, and in tho moni- ine- the HUii Bedfordshire Kept, arrived with a battery of field artillery. This made ii carlie» l»oin>r thrown out in fron:. Some ten miloH up the river road word came th;it there had ln^on a.n en.'a^rement at the hamlet of Now Ger- many. Hfvmo fivi- ni'h's inland, and tho column jtroceedod thenci'. Tho marchinp was exceedinrly faxt. and the day terri- bly hoi anl .■t>sed. as ha.s In'on stated, of hardy working men. Still, it would be unjust in .any way to deti'act from their pluck ;in 1 fortitude, qualities Mhich their successors showed to have been handed down to them when march- inj; over the trackless i)rairieB of tho .NCrth-west in the days of tho last Riol j'<'bellion. I'pon its arriv.'il at the villajre rts of their i»resenee ;it UidAeway. where, in fact, tlu-.v had fou^rht the force nn ler (""ol. IWtfiker. .\n immedi.ate start was nmde for Fort E.' o, as it was surmised that the invad rs would have lu'en beat'ii. and would re- tire. The 1",» milef< arduous niarch wan made, ;in 1 at iiiirhtfall the linhts of Fort Erie were S"en. At this time the rear of the fleeiH-C I'euian column wa^ .also seen, .and .•il:houy;h an attempt w.is made to come up with the invjidors, they ^rot safely ;icro>s the river, leavinr, however, s<'vei';il <»f their woiiuU'il and some twenty odd of their nien to be t.aken ])rison 'rs. Uapt. (ieorsre II. Mc.Murrich iieaded the party which made the cap- ture. The I'eni.aiis made no resistance, anl s(|uad.s oi the Royals and rej:nlais wen. into si'veral houses and cn.ptur"d the ;idven'.ni'ers. In a larj;e barn several »,: LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 807 were found concealed under the hay, and the dead body of one of tnom was found stretched out on a table. The prisoners were sent to Toronto under guard, and many of them were sentenced to various terms of iip prise nment The Tenth, along with the regulars and other volun cers, remained at Fort Erie tor some two weeks. A NIGHT ALARM Alarms weru still frequent, and it is related thiit one night the camp was startled by hea ing a sI ot in the rear, instantly the whole force sprang to arms, and when, a few minutea later, Col. Lowry, in command of the whole force, appeared, the Royals \\ ere found drawn up in the darknes , leanini; on their rities, and ready tor contlict The colonel was im- mensely delighted with this proof of their ethciency, and later expressed himself in very complimentary terms. The rej;iment, being composed of citizens of all trades, was in contant demand. They relaid railway tracks, repaired cars and nngmes, built bridges, made drains, sank wells, and generally did all the engineering work for tlie brigcide. The return to Toronto was made June 16, and the regi- ment was gladly welcomed. Altliough it had not I een in battle, it had rende ed vnluabltt srrvice, and had in every way acquitted itself with hr>nor. Shortly afterwards Col. Brunei was ceeded by Lieul. Col. StoUery, by Lieut-Col. Hoxall, who in was replaced by Lieut. -Col. Shaw, some reason the ctficieiu y of tin; battalion had letrojjradcd, and in ISSO.after being for some years almost moribund, the battalion after vigorous assi^'.ance from Colonel ('umberland, its founible ?-«eiieral iiliraUe'H.Srrvires. With the opening of navigution on tho rivers and lakes of Upper Canada in 1813, the note of war which had rung throuuh the province in 1812, and which wu atilled bjr the approach of winter, ngftin resounded. The Ueneral in command of the United States .Army of the North, in pursuance of the real object of the war, namely the conquest of Canada, deter- mined to make an attack upon, and if possible capture, the cvpital of tiie upper province, the town of York. That this was the design there is no doubt. The following extract from the instructions issued to the commander-in-chief ot the American forces establishes that fact conclu- sively. He writes thus : " Febboary 10th, 1813. "I have the President's orders to com- municate to you, as expeditiously as possible, the outline of campaign which you will immediately institute and pursue against Upper Canada : '*lst— 4.000 troops will be assembled at Sackett'a Harbor. ' 2nd— 3,000 will b« brought together at Buffalo and its vicinity. "The former of these corps will be embarked and transported under convoy of the fleet to Kingston, where they will be landed. Kingston, its garrison and the British ships wintering in the harbor of that place will be its tirst object. "The second will be York (the capital of Upper Canada) the stores collected and the two fr gates building there " In accordance with these orders, on April 2r)th, 181.1, the fleet under command of Coiiiniodore Chauncey sailed for York, hav- ing on board the American (General Dear- born, his stiff and a very considerable force. It is somewhat ditficult to say what the exact number of troops was. Some writers have given t as low as 1,<)00 men, while one has gone so far as to say it was 5,000. Commodore Cliauncey himself says : — " I took on board the general and suite and about seventeen hundred men." So probably, if we include the .'ailors and marines of Chauncey's fleet, there were from two thousand two hundred to two thousand four hundred men. This force reached York on April '27th, and preparations were at once made by General Dearborn to effect the landing of his iroops. York was at the time all but absolutely defenceless. James gives the following painful picture of the state of un- preparedness : ' The guns upcn the l»at- teries, being witliout trunnions, were mounted upon wooden sticU.s, with iron hoops and therefore became of very little use. Others of the guns belonged to the sliip that was building, and lay on the ground partly covered with snow and frozen mud." 'J ho various vessels having taken up posi- r^BWIVM 808 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. lioD BO that they might be able to cover the :roops as they landed, they began te dii embark early in the n^ontiiig, Jorayth and hi8 corps of riflemen being the first to make the attempt. It iiad been tlie intention to make the landing close to tlie sice of the old French fort, i)Ul the wind bein^ very higli the boats we«-e drircn to leewbrd and tlie landing actually took place some half mile further to the west. Armstrong says this sp t was "thickly covered with brushwood, ami already occupied by British and Indian marksmen." it wns nothing of the kind ; had it been so Forsyth and his men would never have got any further ; they had iroul)le enough to get as far as tliey did. It was really held by Major tiames (iivens, formerly of .Simcoe"s corpj, tlie l^ueen's Jiangers, a man still hdiioialdy remembered in Toronto, and whose dausrliier, Mrs. Hiiiier, now at the great age of 93 years, still survives (ISOU). With the major were about twenty-five In- dians and sixty men of the Glengarry Fendbles So stubborn was the defeiu^e made liy Giveiis and bis little band, tl»at Forsyili, wiio lost many of his men, wa-s about to re- treat, when be was oppoituiiely reinforced by the arrival of a reiruiieni of infantry under command of .Major King. ihe total force liie Americans ha 1 already landed anu)unted (and their own authority is ijuoted) to more than 1,000 men, and these were encounleied by one hundred and sixty men of the 8th Koyai llcgimcnt, fifty of the Newfoundland veterans, and two hundred and twenty militiamen. These troops James tells his readers, " made a formidable charge upon the American column and jiar- tinlly compelled it, to retire." \othing better illustrates the {uinciple of " liow not to do it," than (i. neial Sheaffe's conduct on this occasion. He was no coward it is true, but he was a '" bungler " and that is almost as bad. He sent, Majnr-Cieneral ^5haw with fonv men ami a six pounder gun to the line of Dundas street, wheie he stopped all through the action and ni»vcr fir^d a shot. Lnsily, he, liiidiug resi.^ianco no longer practicable, retreated to Iviiigston, leaving tlie militia and civil authorities to take care of themselves. In his despatch to the commander-in-chief. Sir George Prevost, General Shcatt'e writes : — "Lieuten- ant Colonel L'hewett and Major Allan of ;he Militia, residents in the town, were instructed to treat »ith the American commanders for terms." 'I hese wore as follows : — Among the killed and wounded at the .siege of York were the following : — Killed Cap- tain Maclean, Sth Ret'iment. Wounded, Lieut. Koven, R. N. V.; Ensign Robins, of the Glengarry Light Infantry : Captain Ijoring, lU4th Regiment ; Captain Jarvi«, Incorporated Militia, and Rarrack Master Hartuey. The total killed, officers N. C. O. aad rank and file, amounted to sixty-two. The wounded to thirty-four. .-Vncliinleck in his "Warof 181'i" says : " Shoaffe was super- seded for his blundera in the defence of York," and well tie deserved to be, but it is astonishing to find him in 1851 a full general of thirteen years'standing and colonel in cliief of the ."Jlith" Regiment since 18'2a. Yet Hart's army list in reiordin: the general'.* war services wholly oirdts anythiuf' about York, but says a good deal about Quoenston. None of those wlio were in arms in 181.3 now s-irvive. They have all passed away into tlie great unknown. Yet many of tiieni whose rames ;ire given ou the capitulation " In departint; left behind tliem footprints on the sands of time." Our thanks are duo to the Hon. G. W. Allan, who kindly placed at our disposal the original documents of the capitulation. \ Tlie following is the full text of the capi- tulation : — Tc)')!!.'! 1}/ t'lipitiild ion riilrri il iti/o (HI the iHh April, one thoitsa/nl rii/lil Ini mired (tiul t/iirlcrn. Jar Ifir siirmulcr of tlir loirnof i'nrk. ill I'liprr ('(Jiiiida, lo Uir urmyund iitivn of the V iiiird •^^l^•'••. under the com- iniind of Major (•'riirrnl PcurlKirn atui Commodore ( htiiinrii/. Thar the troops, leRuiar and militia, at this post, and tliu naval otiii ers and seamen, shall be surrendered nrisoiurs of war. The troops re;,'iilar and miliiia. ;o ground ihoir arms im nedintely on iiarade. and the naval officers an i seamen immediately surrotidor. '!'liat,all public sicr s. naval and military. sh»li he immndiatoly tiven up to the cuiiimand- iiili i.tlicers of the Army and Navy of tha United Siat(;s '1 hat all private property shall be guaranteed to the cit.i/.ins of the town of York. That the papers btfl iiiginj; to the civil oflicers shall be retained by Uioni. That such surKeons as may bo iimcurcd to attend the wuu ruled of the liritish Itegiilar anil Canadian Militia shall not bs eo:si(iered prisoner* of war. 'i'hal one licuitnaiit-colonel, one major, thirteen captains, nine lieutenants eleven cnsinn.H and one tinarier master, one deputy adjutant-general of i he miiliia, namely :— 1. Lieut. -(Jolonel Chewott. 1, Major \V. Allan, 1. Chaplain .John Hutlon ; 2. ('aptain .John Wilson ; .3, Peter Uobinson ; 4, John Arnold; 5. James F'.nwick ; e, James Mnsiaid ; 7, Dun- can Cameron ; 8. Uavid Thomson ; f), John ICobinson ; 10, bamuel Itiduu^ ; 11, I'homas JIamilton ; 12, John Burn. 13. William .larvio. Lieutenants— 1, John H. Schuliz ; 'J. Uourgc Mu«tard;3, Harnet VandeiburKh ; 4, Uobert Stanton ; 5, George lUdour : 6, William Jarvis ; 7. Kdward McMahon ; 8, John Wilson ; 9, Eli I'laytor. Ensigns— 1, Andrew Thorn ; 2, Andrew .Smalley; 3, Donald McArthur; 4, William Smith ; 5, Andrew Mercer ; 6. James Chewett ; 7, Geot'KC Kuik; 8, Edward Thomson ; 9, Chas. Allan, Juhn mold ; Dun- John homAH (arvic. roorge Kobert larvls ; 9, Eli ^x" inteed the a be may the shiUl A f^ ^1 t P. MinpMPHP ^ '^N •^1 1 i ' ^ Its ^ -'i «* Pi ■<^%^^ ^ « X ifi 1 11 ,i;i ! r>! si 5 I K 1 lil^ • ^■^^ iar.kl>l4 ^s^^ 1 .1^ •^^ ^3« <^Nrii^'^ i \ •* •^ ^ ^sa N?a 'x 1 ^l: ^v^^^l r^ -^ \^ mmmm mm !jSt4' ^1 ^^'V. ^iC^ 00 o o c H 5 a, c as I I T wmm lani'jmarks of tokomto. 809 Oennison; 10, Gcorgo DenniRon; 11, D'Arcy lioiilton. Quartcnnaster-Charles Uaynes. Nineteen serifciints, four corporals and two hundred ann four rank and fllo. OfthoKield Train Daparim nt— ), William Dunbar. Of tlio Provincial Navy— 1. Captain James Gouvrcnux ; 1 Llenienunt -Gieen Midshipmen ; I.John Uidout; 2, Louis Ueauore. clerk; I. James LonKsdan. on« boatswain, fifteen n»val oflicers. or His Majesty* Uegular Troops— 1. Lieut, de Koven. 1 9»r|teant major and of the Uoyal Artillery ono bombardier and three gunners— shill be surrendered as prisoners of war and accounted for In the exchaiie;o of prisoners between the United Stntes and Great Britain. Sisfned, G. C. Mitchell, of Maryland, Lt. Col. 3rd Artillery. United statics. Saiivftl S. Connor. Miijor and A. 1). C. to .Major-General Dearborn. Will. Iving. Major l.ilh U. .S. Infantry. J. D. Kllioit. Lieut. U. S. Navy. Wm. Clioweit. Lt.-Col. comm.inding 3rd Uegimont York Militia. Wm. Allan, Majo:- 3rd llcgimcnt York Militia. F. Gi>ivreaiix, Lieut. Marino Deparlmenu York, .\prir28th, 1813. . 'I'he l'ori'5?oiiis: agreement of capitulation is appriivcii nt by us. Bisncd, T, • ,. , H. DiCAUiioUN. Mn.ior-Gcneral. Ikaac riiAi'.s'tioY, I'omniodoro, CliAPTKK ('CXXXV. ST. JAMES' RECTORY The .nail ATho Kiiill It lU Karliur ■■iiriMiio — llH Occiipaiil r»r more tliaii CoriyFive Years -lilt; Late Itcaii, The o'nl fashioned red brick house of two storeys, situited on the southern aide of Adelaide, about one hundred an i fifty Yan.ls to the west of Jarvis street, is one of th« oldest brick buildings in the city, in- deed is sai(i to ba the third such house that was erect hI Vic 'bat as it may, this house, for long years the residence of the late Dean of To- rouio, the Very ReTereiid H. J. (irtvsett, D. D. , (and now occupied by liis successor as reotof ot St. .James', but nH as dean, the Uev. Canon Dumoalin,) hasi played no uniui|ini tant part in the history of this city and also iu that of tlK Anuli:an Church iu Canada. The house was built in the ca ly part of the century, it is believed auout IH'25, but tlie date is very uncertain, by a man nanmd .\ndrews. wlio hiui intended ih- buildin'4 for a hotel, if indeoa it was nH actually used for tha; purpose. This latta supposition is more than probable, as when the late Ueau first occupied it, each door in the upper floor bore ii numb r. A well- known person nsniKd Fenlcn also lived there. He was clerk, t ex ton, bead i; Kud gen- eral factotum at St. Jameb' church, and by the younger members of the congregation at any rate was loo;;ed up to as a vety im- portant person. He occupied the house until 18.37, when the Rev. Henry James (irasott began his tenantcy, which termi- n>uebec. in the following year he was oiaaiued priest by the same prelate, and ia .Inly of that year was appointed by hit (luieesan, assistant minister of St. .3«me8, Tiironto, Archdeacon John Strachan beini; rector, [t seems strangle that less than sixty years since Toronto and (Quebec were in the same diocese, and that the bishop of the latter place had a residence, which ha occupied occasionally, in Toronto. Prior to leaving Qucbsc, Mr. (rrasett w»» appointed domestic chaplain to his bishop. That was in ISIiS, and despite the fact of his removal to Toronto, ia such high esteem did Bishop .'^tcwart iiold him, and so greatly did he value his counsel, that he lieUl that office until tho deaili of the bishop a few years lacer. In the l.'itler end of 18.S9 Archdeacon Str.ieiian became tiie first Anglican bishop of Toronto, but still reiiiaiiicd rector of St. James', not resigning that preferment unsil 1847, when Mr. Grasett was appointed in his place. immediately upon being consecrated bis- hop, Dr. Strachan appointed Mr. (irasett his examining and also his domestic chaplain, and these two cflBcos Mr. Grasett tilled, togetlier with that of private secretary to the bishop, until i\m ilecease of the latter in 186S. Ill St. James' rectory Dr. Strachan often discussed with his friend and ohaplain the knotty questions of th« day. The subjects of the Clergy Reserves, I'rinity College, St James' Cathedml, th* m a^) ■«• H m m' :»! ( i I'li in l9 .if' 810 \ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. division of Toronto dioceie and many others that at the tima caused heart burninga and ill-feelingt, not only among Anelicaua but amongst those of other denomioaliona also, ware here debated by the w.xrm- tempered, plain-spoken, though kijid-hearted biah«p, with his sagacious counsellor, Mr. Grasett. Quiet in manner as he was, Mr. Grasett had no fear of expressin.; dissent when he It is not to be supposed Mr. Grasett was without an opinion on this vexed question ; indeed it is well-known he had very decided views ou the point, but he was able to hold them and to give expression to them also without causint; offence to those who differed from him. Among other notable visitors at the rec- tory was Dr. Burnside, who resided on * ST. JAMES RKCTORY — RKAK VIl'.W. felt ft, from the bishop's views, but so un- bounded was the coiiGdence ihalatter p'aced ia him that their friendship was never in- terrupted for a day. Many still remember the violence of the controversy over the Clergy Re erve question and how strongly, not to say bitterly, Dr. Strachan "as attacked, and how vigorously he defended himself and his policy. Yonge street, and who also greatly valued Mr. Grasett's opinion. The doctor was a munificent benefactor to 'Irinily College ; he died iu 185"). Each Chri.stmas Day, so long as the iatc Dean survived, there was one guest always looked for, who always I came and who \\as always honored, that was the now venerable and veneraleil Dr. Scadding. Ihe friendship of those two ."it I 11 i i| i • 5 If 1 1 5| i ! >l,;v : I »JiF mmfmmmm \' 812 LANDMARKS 01'' TOIIONIO. members of th« sama Alma Mater bej^m in 18SI, aad only tuiniinatcd witli the death of the elder of thein Mr. Grasett was apppointed the first Dean of Toronto in 18157. li« proceeded to I'lng- land about eighteen inuiiths later, or posfulily H little longer, for the purposo of lai.ing liis degree %» D. D. Anionj; well linown clergymen who visited at the rectory rnny be i. entioned the lute Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, I). D , Dean of \\'e.-.tminster ; 8<;lwyn, the famous mission- ary hishof) and msny otheis. Canon Kdniund Baldwin for many years ■ni'ikcd aide by «ide with the Dean 'it St .lames', and exercised can inlluciioe among the congregation becond only to ihut ot the Dean himself. I lie Deiin married in 1837, Misu Stewart, daughter of the Honorable John Stcwurl. a menii er of the Lciiislative Council of Lower Canada. They had a large tamdy of sons and daughters. Among the former are To- ionto's pre.-ent cidef of police and Dr tirasc'it, a nitdical p actitioner in the city Tiie Dean divd in KSS'J, respected by ail, even by tho.'l or Ty'I, any on« might ha> e strolled from the ct.st to the west of tie city along Front atreet, from Gooderham's mills to the Old Fort, at almost any hour of tiie day, without meeting more than a score or so of people in the entire length of the promen- ade, or a single injident happening to at- tract any a tention. loginning one's walk towards the west, tiie first prominent buildings reached would be those nundjertd 1, 2 and 3 in theeuLiiav- ing. 'I lie<3e were the wharf and storehouse, the mill anil the residence, of a veritable pioneer of commerce in the city of Toronto, the late Mr. Willium Cooderham. Mr. (.ipdderham w;kR born in Scole, Nor- folk, lui-Liid, on August '29lh, 1790. In hia very early days lie was under the care of a I'claLive engagrd in the East Indian trade in London, Fnujluud. Tint did not couti'1118 very long though for when yet a very vunng man, .\lr. Good- crham enlisted in the Knyal York Rangers, an [ni])Oi'ial corps long since disbanded, aitd went witii tliein to the West Indies. Itwa« not long be:(>re he learned somethiii:r of the grim rcalit:c:i of a soldier's, life, as his regi- ni'Mit v.as iiotly engaged at Martinniue and also at (iuadaloupe. However, he came safely through the campaign, but on his voyage hom« to i£ngland narrowly escaped deaiii by cirowning, if not by fire. His Majesty's ship .Majestic, on which lie hud emt-arked, look hre, and only with ilie greatest d fliculty were those I n boaril saved. For some little time alter his return to the old country M'-. Gooderhain remained in H. M. service, employed on iho recruiting staff, where he amassed a considerable sum of money. Eventually quilting tiie army he, in IS.'i'J, came to Toronto, accom|)anied by no less than lifty-four other rclakive*. lint >ir. (iooderham was something more than a mere coluhiat, he was a very consid- erable cAT))iaii.it, as in addition to his rela- tives he had with him £.3,000 sterling, e(|iiiva!ent to $15,000, or very nearly so, and for tho-e days a very large sum. It was, in- dee.i, when Mr. (joodorham depositid it in the IJ.ink of Uppi.-r Cunaila. tke largest sum tliat >. I-. '1'. c;. Riiloul, the caihier of that iiistiti-.tion, had ev^r received ovor ids coun- ter to the credit of a pi'ivat.e account. .•\lmost as soon as he arrived in Toronto Mr. (Jo'nkrham entered into partnership V' ith his rckiti\e, Mr. Jamea WoFts. and they traded as ndllers under the style of \Voi'ts & (ioodciham. Hanging u}) in the counting house of the present tii'in, flamed ant glu/.ed, is an in- voice headed " 'A'ind Mills, York. U.C." and dated January .30th, 1834, made out to " Mr. Murrow, near Colonel \\ tils' office," for one barrel of flour, the amount charged being £1 2s 6d currency or $4 50. This iu- Toictt is the only one that is known to exist, Mr. G. Gooderhain, the present head of the I i' ^^ 10 promen- eiiiny to at- Is the weit, cheil would the eiiiiav- atoielit.use, veriuble >f i'orouto, coif!, \or- 1790. In the CK|-« of uiliiin trad* ng though Sir. Good- i Rangers, niiued, aad |es. IiwM hiii; of the iis Ilia re^i- tuiKiue and I he came but on his ^ly escaped on which and only irr.rf. those little time d country M. unrvice, wliere iio sf nioiity. ae, in 18;il', hy no less thing more sry conoid » liis rela- > hlorlin;^, irly 80, and It wiifi.in- osiLc-d it in ^r|;es^ sum ier of liiiU r iiis coun- uat. n 'I'oronto lartnerahip orts. and le style oi use of the , is an in- rk. U.C." ade out to la' office," It charged This iu- n to exist, sad of the -'■ t 'oil M' • I'j w ir (t ® m View of Front Street, : t street, from the Old Windmill to the Old Fort, in 1849-52. (See pages 813 and 814.) omtmmainmrm' ^^■Pif "T^ •^^mmmmmmm "lu. ;48-52. (o|» »l;t "^^"■■■^"■"■■■■■■iPMHIi mmm ■- ^.,^ —— —...^-^—^y-^.^.— ^ — ^^ M ., .Jh^^-y^yj^.~^jU||j| mmF a.'4 V y f 1 ii; i**s«Sa( LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 813 firm, having ttbtainod it m a curiosity a f«w yean a;;o Mr. Jamas vVurts, lika Mr. William Gooderbam, was also a Norfdic man, having been boru ia Yarmouth, tl.at seaport famous for its parish church, (the largtst in Eng- land) its ' oloators" its beach, and its"rows. ' lie died in 1834, in the prime of lite, and the firm became William Uooderham. The windmill was built by tliis Mr. Worts, and for a number of years was solely worked by windpower, but about 1846, the suils were taken off, steam bein^ intro- duced. A fe.v years after .^ard8, in 1852 or 1853, the top Wits blown off durin.; a storm that swept over the city: d«iuendiir: to the ground " like an umbrella,'' so its tall was described by an onlooker. It vras then re- built, and finally disappeared, owing to the march of modern improvea:ents m mills as in everyihing else in 186(i. In 1845, William Gooderham too;; into partnership his nephew (the son of his first partner), James (iooderham \Vorts, and this partnership existed until the death of the former. .lames (i. Worts had accompanied his talher to Canada in 1832 when •nly fourteen years of age, and was an active member of the firm of Gooderbam & Viurta from 1845, till bis death in 1882. He was for many years one of the Wardens of Trinity church, King street east, and for thirty-nine years a member of the congrega- tioTi) He was also a Harbor Commissioner, and at all times a much esteemed business man. Mr. William Goodcrham built the lar^e dwelling house to the west of the mill, about 1850, and there resided until his death thirty one years latei'. He was VVar- den of I'rinity church for 38 years, and was an English churchiiian of the old fashioned evangelical type, a Tory of no doubtful color and nn ardent Freemason. His children, grandchildren and great-gtandci.ildrcn, numbered no less than 90 when he, on August 20, 1881, having all i ut completed his ninety-first year, passed away. Leavin.: the Gooderbam house, proceed* ing west, the tower of Trinity church. King street (number four on the engraving), is seen in the distance, while still further oil' '* pointinf; to the skies," is the spire of >t. Paul's Roman Catholic church on Power street (5.) At liinity church has labored now for exactly forty-one years the Rev. .Alexander Sanson, he being the senior rector in point of service in the c'ty of 'Toronto, if not in the diocese. 1 he first rector was the Rev. W. H. Ripley, who was hIso second classical master at Upper Canada College. A marble tablet is erected on the western wall of the interior of the church t > his memory. He died in 1849. St. Paul's, on Power street, recalls to memory llishop t'ower, and his selfdevot- edness in trying to stem the tide of sorrow and suffering he saw aroiind him. He fell a victim to the immigrant fever of 1847, con- tracted while ndnistering to the dying and burying the dead. (ioing further west, Mr. Henry Lathom'a house (U) is passeil, and next to it that one for some time occupied by Captain Atherley (7) Mr. Lathom was a well - known solicitor, having been a pupil in the office of Mr. C. C. Small Next comes what is apparently a necessary evil in modern civilization, the Jail (8), and as it is passed we reach the Fair green (U). On this green were held till late m the " fifties' not only c ttle and produce fairs, but also u ild beast short s, circuses and oc- casionally it was also utilized as a muster- ing place for societies, who wished to make a demonstration by marching through the streets of the city. One of the most notable, if not indeed th* most notable, exhibition held on the Fair Green, was that of the renowned P. T. Bar- num in 1852. It was described thus : P. T. baknum's OKAND COLOSSAL MirSKUM A.ND MENAOKRIR. The largest travelling ExmniTioN in 'he World, being a combination of all the most popular and unexceptionable amusements of the age — enlarged and improved for the sea- son of 1852. A TKAM OF 10 ELEPHANTS Will draw the G eat Cab ov Ju(iUER.\AUT. A BABY ELKI'UANT only one year old and but 3.^ feet high, will carry upon his back, around the interior of the immense Pavilion, the Lilliputian iiy.s. i o.m TiiUiMiJ Themagnificentcortege comprises 110 horses and 90 men. The Pavilion of Exhibi- tion has been enlarged until it is capable of accommodating 15,000 spectators at once. — The collection of living Wild Beasts in- cludes the most splendid specimens ever ex- hibited in America. Among m uy others will be found SIX BEAUTIFUL LIONS, fresh from their native forests A SACKED UURMESIC BULL, from the l&land oi Ceylon, worshipped there by the Pagan Natives, and recently taken from an Idolatrous Temple. A monster whitk or I'olar bear ! — of prodigous size and ferocity. A magnificent royal TifiRESs— the lar;j;eat one ever captured alive. An infantile camhl— only six months of age, the first one ever born in America, etc. M ;■'* t • '. P" ^mm 814 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. '^■^^•1 .i^^::;- The DROVE or elei'iiants were captured in the jungle of Central Ceylon, by Messrs. i4 B. June and Geo. Nutter, assisted by S60 nal ives, after a pursuit of three months and four days in the jangles. They were finally entrap- ped and secured in an Indian Kraal or Trap, of enormous dimensions and prodigious strength, where they were subdued. The calf elephant accompaiies its dam, and was weaned on its passaire from India. A NATIVE CKYLON CHIEF, of high casto la his own country, has charge of the elepha^its, having accompanied them from Cey on. But for fear these attractions should not prove sufficient, it was advertised in ad- dition to the above wonders that lUe renl, genuine, original GKN. TOM THUMB is attache 1 to this exhibition, and will ap- pear, in all his performances, as given before the principal crowned heads of Europe, in- cluding Songs, Dances, Grecian Statuos and his admired personations of Napoleon and Frederick the Great. The little General is twenty years of age, weighs only fifteen pounds, and is but twenty-eight inches high. Then besides all the foregoing attractions there was MR NELLIS, the man without arms, w. o executed his extraordinary feats of loading and firing a pistol with his toes ; cut protile likenesses ; shot at a mark with a bow and arrow ; play- ed upon the accordion and violoncello, etc. And in addition to all these marvels a fine military band performed the most popu- lar airs of the day, as tlie procession eniercd town, and also during the hours of exhibi- tion. Finally, the charge for admission was only 25 cents to the whole of this immense estab- lishment, including General Tom Thumb, the entire collection of wild animals, wax statuary, Mr. Pierce s performances in the dens, the baby elephant, Mr. Nellis' per- formances, etc., no extra charge under any pretence whatever, let the reports be what they may. Doors open from 1 to 4, and from 7 to 9 o'clock p.m. Some little distance to the north of the Fair green is se n the back of the house oc- cupied for so many years by the late C. C. Small (10) which has been fully described on a previous occasion. Following that is the residence of the late Dr. Christopher W idmer (11) in early life an army surgeon, seeing hard service in the Peninsala under Wellington, attached to the 14th Light Dragoons, a regiment ren- dered famous by ' he novelist Charles Lever as being the one in which served that hero of fiction Charles O'Malley. Afterwards he become a leading man both as medical practitioner andr politician in Upper Canada. Hm was for soma time a member of the Legislative Council, but for many years before ias death, which occurred nearly forty years since, he had ceased to take an active part in politics. As Dr. VVidmer's house is left behind Lamb's glue factory appears, (12) built in or about 1846, then three dwelling houses, (13) erected by Dr. Widmer, that in the centre occupied for some years by one of Mr. William Gooderham's sons, and that on the west by the late F. A. Whitney, a grandson of Dr. Gamble, o.t the Queen's Rangers Mr. Thomas Collier's residence (14) Russell Abbey (15) and the Toronto Gas Works (16), are all close together, and then comes John Snarr's steam saw and planing m Us (17). Mr. Collier just named was a much es- teemed official belonging to the Canada Company. Cull's starch factory and shipyards (18) are next passed, and then the cupola of St. Lawrence Hall comes into view. This building, when first erected after the great fire of 1849, was much used for balls, re- captions and public meetings. It was the e that the Mayor and City Council welcomed Sir Edmund Head en his hrst visit to Toronto as Governor- General. It was there also that Major Wells and Lieutenant Dunn, V. C , were feted on their return from the Crimea, and it was in the same building in 1855 that one of the most enthusiastic meetings whicii was ever held in the city took place in aid of the patriotic fund for Britain's sick and woui.ded soldiers then serving in the east. The Commercial Mills and Messrs. Berst & Halliday s distillery (20) and Le^vk's soap works (21) are next, close togeiner. They have long ago disappeared. The City Hall (22) looking in 189.3 very little changed from what it was ferty years ago. is next, while on the water's edge is seen the building once occupied as a fish market (23). It has disappeared and those who re- member it and ita unsavoury sarroimdiags and noisy occupants are aware hovr little there is to regret new that it has gone. 1 he Welllneton Hotel (24), famous as a reaort for farmers, market gardeners and others frequenting the markets of the city on business was a little to the west of the City Hall, and then is seen what was always expressively but inelegantly describe 1 (owing to its peculiar shap.) as the Coffin Block, (25.) Maitland's wharf comes next (27) and then, with its front door and windows tacittg m «i LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. •15 the wharf, it the North American Hotel. The proprietor of this houao for many yeftri waa Mr, U. C. Horwood.a quiot tmt popular man with all who knew him. In this hotel Capt. Gilskin, commandinf the fcailin({ veeael Cherokee, the firat ahip that erer aailed direct from Toronto to Liverpool, waa pub- licly banquetted before he ret out on bis voyage, by the citizena of Toronto. The llank of Montr9al(28) Hrown a(29) and Yonge atreet wbarvea arc further wcatward, iu close proximity to one another. Vonge atreet {30), aometimea called Uorric'a wharf brings to mind many notable men who were efien mot there, or in ita immediate vicinity. Of these Captain Richardaon, first commander of tiie Niafara steamera and then Har- bor maater ia well remembered ; F. W. Barron, principal of Upper Canada College, and Dr. Heilder, both aa cool yachtamen aa they ware reapectivcty elevor achoolmastor and aurgeoB. Colonel E R. O Brien, who might well h%ve aerved Tfaackeray aa the original of Colonel Newcooae in hie aovei "The Newcomea," was also a well-known face, aa were alae tboao ef G. B. Holland and Ci^taina James aod Themaa Dic.<, tbe Twobys and many more. We are eettiug to the end of our atroU though. Tinning a wharf (31) comes next wtkii some diataace further west the Queen's (32). 1 hd Tinnings, both father and aon, were active pushing business men, and deservedly enjoyed a high reputation Occasionally tiiey were jocularly ap ken oi as the "horae marines," in allusion to their fondueaa for horsea aud horse racing. They were largely interested in if they did not actually own, a race course to the east of tiie eity over the Don river.. Queen's wharf was always called into use in the days of the Niagara steamers all throHgh the winter, fey tbe owners ot the steamer Chief J4astiee Robinson. This vessel ran to and from Toronto luai Niagara throughout the winter season on more than ene occasion, sailing from the Queen's wharf. The Old Fort, (33), is now reached. Its memories are legion. Many a sad story, many a romaace and many a bitter partiag has it known aud watoesMd, but sorrowful as swne of the revollectioDS of tiie Okl Fert are it has also mai^ joyous ones and it ia well to remember that of many of those who wui out ef ita gates, it could be aaid — "Xiia path of duty was the way to glory," CHAPTER CCXXXVIL OANAOIAN LAKE NAVIQATiON. An Areonni of the Vlrat Vessela Ikat Hailed Oar Ittlantl IVaterti and of Tiioae Wbo .Manned Vkev, ltt781TT«. From 1677 to 1893 is little more than two centuries, and it is at the former date at which thii history of the Canadian marine bc};ins,wlien the place where the City of I o- ronto now stand* was simply a portage on Lalte Ontario, without houses or permanent buildings of auy kind, a spot used by tlio Huron Indians, not only as a tiading place iu their dealings with the French, but aUo as their own headquarters. Those visiting it by land did »o, of course, on foot, and those who came by water were trau.sported thi her either in batteaux, canoes, or in small vessels of the most primitive description. It is our purpose to cive an account in these pages ot the development of the shipping on Lake Ontario and the waters immediately adjacent thereto, tracing ita growth from its infancy to the present day. The name first given to Lake Ontario by ChaniplaiP; the great French discoverer, was not its present one. He called it " Lake St Louis, ' after the French monarch. Subsequently, for a brief period it was known as " Lake Fron- wenac," after the famous Governor of that name. Count de Frontenac, who represented his sovereign here from 1672 to 1682 aud from 1689 until his de th in 1098. It tiually received, and has ever since retained, the name it now bears — Ontario The first European who accomplished the ascent of the Sc. Lawrence from the Atlantic to Lake Ontario was M. de Coureelles, in 1670. He did so in furtherance of the policy that \« as being pursued by France to Sfcure the fur trade with the Indians in the north and north- Most of the American continent. About three years later than this a young French traveller, Sieur La Salle, arrived in Canada full of a project of discovering a route to Japau as well as to the Kast Indies by pene- trating further and fur: her to the west until ho reached the nor'bern seas. He diHclosed his plans to Froc t.v^ the ship, was revealed to tho Frcncn uy one of their sqiniws Kroni La Salle's biotrriiphcr we learn that "as sprinj,' opened sli ■ was ready for launching. 1 iio friar j)ronourice i liis blessing on her, tiie cissaniblcd company sang i'e l)?iini, cannon were tired and French and Indians, warnied alike jjy a ;,'c'ni'rous gift of brandy, shouted and yelled in chorus as she gided into the Niiim, looking ud of sixty panied by Flemish ranee with tercd Lake being the upon its wateri. He sailed from and to wid nf it, and ([oinK through the Straits of Detroit he then entered a beautiful sheet of water, to which he f;ave the name of Lake St. Clair. Passing thence through the narrow channel whereupon now stands the town of Saroia, he readied l^ke Huron. Here a terrible storm struck the Tvuel, and the terrified sailors fell upon their knees, thinking their craft was about to founder. The pilot, too, Tehemently upbraided La Salie for having pervuaded him to leave the ocean, which he had suucessfully navigated for so many years, oimc and for nearly a century later these routes were travell d by Indians, French and English, and last of all by the U. E Loyali.sta,eicher on foot or in open boats, for until the close of the eighteenth century but little advance was mads in the modes of travelling either bv land or by Wiiter. For many years the canoe was the only vesnol used by the Indians, and was employed by them citliar in hunting or vipon warlike expeiiitlon^ It was comparatively lij,'ht and c uld i\l<)o bo easily hidden on the shores of l.lie lakes or in the thickets and ruxhts iidjoinin^ the rivers. At las', the French appeared brin^iiii; with them their batteaux, but for u great number of years the birch l>ark canoe was the only means of transit. In 1685 the Marquise de Nouville, when on his expedition against the Five Nation*, conveyed his army across the lake in canoes in two division.^, lueetiu.' at Osweso Referring to inland navigation by this means, Gourley, in writing or La- chine, tells us : " From Tjtvchine the canoes employed by the North west Compiiiiy in the fur trade take their departure. Of all liio numetous contrivances for tranipdrtiiig Heavy burthens by water, these ve.s^elH are perhaps (he nio«t extraordinary ; scaroely anything can be conceived so inedeiiuate from the slii;hine ■ ef their construction to the purpose they are applied to, and to con- tend against the impetuous torrent of tho many rapids that must be passed through in the cour.ie of a voyage. They seldom ex- ceed thirty feet in ien.:th and six in breadth, diiniuiihing to a sharp point at each end, without distinction of head or stern ; the trame IS composeil of some small pieces of some very light wood ; it is then covered with the bark of the birch tree, cutint^ con- venient slips that are rarely more than the eighth of an inch in thickness ; these are sewti together with threads made from the twi.-ted fibres of the roots of a particular tree and strengt-ened where neces.sary by narrow strips of the sante materials applied on the mside ; tlie joiuts on the fragile planking are made water-tight by being covered with a species of gum that adheres very firmly and becomes perfectly hard. No it on work of any description, not even nails, are employed in building these slender vessels, w ich when complete weigh only about five hundred weight each. On being prepared for the voyage they receive their lading, which, for the convenience of c.irry- iug across the portages, is made up in pack* ages of about three-quarters of a hnudred weight each and amounts altogether to five tons, or a little more, including; provisions and other necessaries for ihe men, ol whom from eight to ten are employed to each canoe ; they nsually set out in brigades like the batteaux, and in the course of a summer upwards of fifty of these vessels are thus despatched." The route they took was up tlie Ottawa E ■«•?>»• to the south-west brunch, proceeding by i<< i^.d the cluster of small lakes into whici; it e.iipties, until Lake Nipissing was reached, from thence to Lake i H •!..■ ■' T- I •!: l:^M !f B fin,;: 1^ ; 'r:i ill ■i I 818 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Huron .id thas to Lak* Superior, procead- ing on its northern shore to the Urend I'or:- age, a distance of no leas than 1,100 miles from the point at which they departed When we remember that there werenot only the rapids with which to contend, hut also the portages, which varied greatly in e.xtcnt, some only being ii few yard.s wide, otiiers a few miles, and that at all of tlie rapids an 1 each one of the portages, tiie canoes and their contents had to he liftctl out of the water and carried on the men's shoulders until sailinr; could be rpsommenced, we shall have some slight idea of the hardships thai had to be f.ulured by the jdoreer members of our merchant inland marine service. The batteau.x, wliich wre used like the canoes for tlie t.ranspott of both goo s and passengers, were many, though not i>ll of them, built at Lacliine, some nine miles from Monticul. .Some of tlicm could accommodate as many as five or even six families. They oould also carry a lar>;e weight of luggage or freight. They were divided into brigades of twelve boats each. and there was a ?;uide, or, as lie was generally called, a conductor, with five men under him on each batT.Ui>.u, Tliis conductor tilled exactly tiie same position on tlie batieau that a captain would do who was in coiinrand of a tihip. .Sut-ceedin ; the battd»ux' came at a long interval the Schenectady and Durham boats, but of these and their construction more will be said hereafter. An excellent account of the first vessels which traversed La e Ontario a hundred and thirty years ago may be found in M. Poujhots " Memoir upon the late w r in North America betsvean the French and Engli.?h, 17.").l-60" which was translated and editei by F. B. Hcugh and published at Roxbury, Mass. In it we find that when the French troops arrived in Canada they were transported " in hatteuux for Montreal." (Vul. l,p. 36.) 'J'he.st' liatteaux were the boats used for traiii8) La Clime is a few miles from Montreal Th« " Froutenac" referred to was Fort Froutenac, iio>v Kings- ton, Ont When it was determined by i he British to tittack Fort Jsiagara it was resolved that the ollic'ji- in command of the force " should receive a suthcicnt number of batteaux to transport his troops and artillery by way of Lake Ontario." (V. 1, p. 44.) Ontario's fikst ,st;m)ON i-.ns. The troops referred to arriv d a Oswego, but sickness " prevented the execution of ilieir designs," so that awai ing further movemouls " they also undertook to build V ssels to form a fleet upon the lak " (V. I, p. 45). A foot note to this page of the American edition of this author aays : — " The first English schooner on Lake On tario was launched this suniiner. She had 40 feet kce , nioun:euriiig the spring of 1757 a party of Fr neh soldiers descended on Fort (itorge near Mon real " to curprsc it, but being discovered they contented themselves « itii buiuing a saw iriill and some battfuux " (V. 1, p. 76.) A foot note says there wer ' 150 batteaux, wi h four brigaiilines and two galleys, each of fifty oars, '■viithou reckoning much wood for con- struction," and a. Fort William Henry on the ISth March the French dis- troyed 1150 batteaux and "four brigantines. ' Mante states that store houses were burned, with " all the liutd of the Hangers and a sloop on the stocks." (N Y. Col. His., X lOt furnish are very they pro- le French oor, badly a." (V. 2, > the r gi- eft on the embarked ith provi- is a fe IV ^rontonac" okv Kings- i 'j 1 I le British olved that " should Ltteaux to / by way us. I Osuego. cent ion of a farther ik to build he lak " ingc of the lys : — 1 Luke On She had lis and w as fleet fitted > in 17u5 iif{ht four a dp.cUeil id t>>en:y- ler of lour- d another •s. All of p early in n Angus , ip-buil(Unj; of which >hed. The I all their V. ],p. (iS.) party of )rt (icorge but being lelvea w itli batttttux " iays there Drigan lines fifty ours, 1 for con- am Henry jnch d.'s- iganiines. " sre burniid, ;erB and a 1. Hie., X :^- f ,1)' .It ' 1.' m ^•^WP" hip , I ^ A w it; x »r V c »* IZ *"• " 1 /* r - —• ?r — c ■1 a ■n ^ X J? sr n i^ feiH -- S* X i'. o H = o 1 X it; H r ?; V! ^ »> r 2 tr" ^ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 9m 544, 548.) and "outh* Bi(^e of the anemy Volf. a German officer, came to burn a vessel upon the stocks near Fort Niagara." In : u account Pouchot gives of the attack on For. George, he speaks of troops "marched by Ipnd to th-^ right of the lake, so as to cover the landing ot the army, which took passage in batteaux." (V. 1, p 86.) He further, in v. 1, p. 97, writing about Niagara, says that the vessels belonging to th French " lay at anchor till the wind favoured." This was at the mouth of the Niagara River, and on this day for the first time were observed " St. Elmo's Lights on Lake Ontario." The historian, continuing, writes : — '• About eleven o'clock in the evening, as one of these flaws was approaching, some electrical fires appeared on the top of the two masts and at the points of the yards. These lights were eight or ten inches long and appeared to be three or four wide aiid very brilliant. The sai ore alarmed our crew, who at oace closed the hatchways, the pipes of the pumps, and other places, wherethey imagined this fir. could penetrae. M. Pouchot was amused at all this and re- assured the passengers. When another flaw came on these lisrhts re-appeared again and showed themselves twic afterwards. They disappeared as soon as the clouds removed from the atmosphere the attraction of the vessel, but re-kindled as soon as the clouds came over. They lasted about half an hour ach time. At daybre-vk the wind freshened and blew so strong that we v\ er oblii^ed to run vith bare poles before the wind, and it being in our stern we arrived at Froutenac in twenty one hours from Niagara. This was one of the shortest pas- sages that had been made, having saiL d about ninety iaagues in this inierval of time." (V. 1, p. 97-98.) These St. Elmo Lights may b* briefly explaii.ed. When a large conductor con- nected ^^ ith an electric machiao is giving a rapid succession of bright sparks to a ball connected with the ground, the sparks cease as soon as a poiuted wire con- nected with the ground is held in the vicinity of the conductor. No discharge is heard, but in the dark a faint gIo« n to sailors as St. Elmo's (San Telmo) fire, ki old days Castor and Pollux. (Plin. H. N. 2, 37.) Suppose now one of the con- ductors to be a thunder cloud, the other the surface of the earth, the discharge will usually take place bet.veeo the places •f greatest surface density, and it n ill in general be mora gradual, as these are more poiuted and of less capacity. In ritiiig of the advance of the En.lish on Fort George, Pouchot says (v. 1, p. Ill) that the army " sat out at six in the morning «pon the open lake. - First there came five barges and then sixty, vihich furmed the advance guard of the army. Finally, the lake appeared covered v«ith barges, each holding twenty men or up- wards." A foot note to page 111 of Pouchot says that '' The English army embarked in nine hundred boats and one hundred and thirty-five whale boats, with cannon mounted upon rafta to cover the landing, if necessary" He also says that in 1759 (v. 1. p. 140- 141,) when ha was sent by M. de Vaudreuil to Niagara, '• at La Presentation" (O^dens- burgh) " they found batteaux that had been sent to meet them," and that '• they embarked and on the 4th they reached Point an Baril. three leagues above La Presentation. He at once visited the creek \\here ihey v. ere building two barques, each for ten pieces of twelve-pound cannon. They should have been ready to launch, but he found one with its planking and the other with only the ribs up. He at once caused the labourers to be doubled and ordered the work to be pushed day and night, while ha was himself busy in en- trenching this post, which a party might have easily burned with our vessels there. On the 9 th they launched one of the barques, which was named the Iroquois." Pouchot further writes (v. 1, p. 141-142) :•- " On the 12th the second vessel, named the Outaouaise, was launched. We may judge from this what diligence had been used in their construrtion. They were soon equipped. " On the 25th vha French troops left for T^iagara, arriving there en the 30th." '.Chia would be five days for the journey from Prescolt to Niagara, uhich today (1893) would occupy about fifteen hours In June of 1759 M. Pouchot had sent a ; roop of Indians from Niagara to observe the English at Oswego. " These ladians had ?one upon the barque Outaouaise. which was caught by a eale of wind so fiercely that its mainmast and bowsprit were broken. They were obliged to run do»n to La Pre- sentation for some time, which prevented them from cruising before the Oswege river to discover the mevemants of the English." (V. 1, p. 158) A foot note to the original edition of Pouchot oa this event reads : — *' It is remarkable that these In- dians, who had never encountered a tempest in a vessel, were greatly frightened, aad threw their ei-naments, arms and tebaece m \y. .A t"| 820 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. •vwrboard to appMuse the Maaiteo af th« lake. Th«r« tMpp«u«d to be a Caoadiaa Ml boftrd, who WM a mere dwarf in staturo. Th« Indiana, who had nevsr aeen >o amall a man, took him for a Maaitou, and could ■eareely b* raitrained from killing and throwing him overboard like another Jonah.** Poucbot, in writing of the approach of the Soglish army against Niagara, itates (v. 1, p. 159) that in 1759 "on the 6«h July the Iroquois, at four o'clock in the afternoon, entered the river" Niagara, and that " M. Poachot learned by this corvette that there were then no English at Oswego," and that " on the 7th leven barges appeared under the steep shores of the lake to reconnoitre the place," and that '* he se«4 out the corvette Iroquois to cruise towards the Little Marsh," and on the 8tk " he signalled" from the fort to the corrette " to tend ashore the shallop." A shallop is given in Webster as "a sort of large boat with two masts and UBsallj rigged like a fichooner." Pro- baUjr the boat called a shallop in 1759 also, and very likely, was propelled by eaas. A corvette is a sloop-ef-war ranking next below a frigate and carrying not more tium twenty guns At a later date we read that the corvette " brought denpatches from Montreal and In writing of the attack on 1760 Pouchet says " the English five great batteaux, of thir- on each side with a camion at the end," and an Indian reported that " while Galling in the Bay of Cataracoui he saw two English vessels, which were anchored near Little Cataracoui," and that " the great vessel had three decks and ten gnns on each side." Cataracoui was Kingston harbour. The Iroquois and the Outaouaise were the two armed vessels which did great seivice for the French oh Lake Ontario, but finally fell intc the hands of the English. 1'wo other vessels were the Seneca, of 22 cannon, and the Oneida, of 18 cannon. Thesu vessels were named by Knox, the Historian, the " Onondago" and the " Mo- hawk.'' Quebec. Oswego in had bn;lt teen oars A FEW MORE OF THE EARLY VESSELS. It is a long cry from 1679, the jrear in which the first sailing ship, La Salle's (•riflfoQ, appeared upon the lakes until 1755, when we next have any authentic re- cord of sailing vessels being atloat on Lake Ontario. The treaty of peace with France was signed in the end of 1760, and for the next few years there were few if any vessels on the lakes, except th« battoaux aud canoes. Nevertheless we find some progress was being made, as the following interesting pas sages from the Detroit Trilnine will show :— " la 1766 four vessels plied upon Lake Erie. Tkeso were the Gladwin, Lady Charlotte, Victory and Boston. The two latter laid up in the fall near Navy Island, above Niagara Falls, and one of these was burned acciden- tally November 30th of the sam year. A vessel called the Brunswick, owned and com- manded by C aptain Alexander Grant, made her appearance ou the lakes during the year 1767, and was lost some time during the season following. Captain (irant was the commodore of the lakes for two or three years. In 17 9, Sterling and Porteous built a vessel at Detroit, called the Enterprise, Richard Cornwall, of New York, being the carpenter. The boat- men, who went from Schenectady with the rigging and stores for this vessel to Detroit, were to have each £20 and ten gallons of rum. 1 hey were seventy days on Lake Erie, and two of the number perished with hunger and their bodies were kep~ to decoy eagles and ravens. They returned to New York in February, 1760,' by way of Pitts- burg, then called Fort Pitt." • lu May, 1770, a vesel of seven'y tons burthen was launched at Niagara, called the Charity. The samj year the Duke of Gloucester, Secretary Towusend, i^amnel Tutchet, Henry Baxter and four others formed a company for minin.' copper on Lake Superior. In December they built at Point aux Pines a barge.and laid the !■ eel for a sloop of 40 tons burden. Of the success of this cut: rprise we are not informed. Subse- quent to the above period very little was accomplished in the construe ion of craft for lake navigation, and the few that came into commission were used solely as traders, as were in fact all those previously named. A short time after, 1770. batteaux from .Mont- real and Quebec, employed by the Hudson's Bay Fur Company, made their annual tours westward, ^jathcriug large quantities of furs and returi'ing homeward in the fall. It has been sta.ed that the tirst vessel built on Lake Or.tariowas in 1749, but this, wc have reason to believe, s not correct " From this extract, therefore, it would appear that — even allowing it to be correct that a sailing ship was built on Lake Ontario in 1779 — exact- ly seventy years had elapsed between the appearance of the first vessel, the OrifTon and the one just referred to. The Declaration of Independence by the North American coloni<>s was made on .luly 4,1776 and during the war which immediately fol- lowed thereupon the Home Government fitted up a shipyard at Carlcton Island and esa was »how : — ,k« Erie, harlotte, r laid up Niagar* Kccidan- year. A and eom- .nt, made r the year uring the was »he o or three Porteous lUed the of New :he boat- f with the ) Detroit, gallons of on Lake ■islied with ■ to decoy d to New of Pitta iven'y ^o"" t,xtk, called te Duke of ,d, tSamnel our olhera copper on hey built at he i; eel for a s succais of ed. Subse- •y little was 1 of oiaft for it came into J tradei-B, as named. A from Mont- he, Hudson's ^nnual tours titiei of furs fall. It has sscl built on his, wc iiavc •i it would it to be vras built ;9 — exact- sed between vessel, the red to. The by the North ."iuly 4,1776 uediateW fol- Governnient \u Island and v. y. y. u a: V. V. 3 » •J a 3 ■e ^ o S ^ ^ ^ a o — rf - -4 1 I I-f )\ .1 •'?■ i; t I ■t i ^ « li d F Y h H b( ac M dt nc •f pe foi lio it. i''J ill- 'i I M' ■ Th( voli sup late not late aft« rive wer U, Xor gres peac are erall sail. the then for Mur the "Ion chief feet short thef, lelvel thair incce way Tesse Of duriu Iar-e« which She Andn p LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 821 there built Mvenl veaiels which were After- wards used in conveying troops and stores along the laiie to rarioua ports between the dockyard and Niagara. These will presently be referred to more particularly. Before doing so it must be remembered that until the period of which we are now speaking, all vessels upon the lakes were flat bottomed boats, built to stem the rapids and currents with greater safety, and it was many years before this class of boat was wholly super- seded. Travelling in those days was attend- ed with the greatest difiQculty and vexatious delays. Distances that could be covered now, even by water, in twenty-four bours, often took nearly as many days, and when people r>Arted on a journey it was impossible for them to say with any degree of accuracy how long it would take them to accomplish it. CHAPTER CCXXXVIII. The lifar of Intlcpendoace — A. CSevera- ■ieiit.ll Harbwar Sorvey-The V. VL Loyal- Ista— l}fS to 18M. We have already referred to the batteaux. These, at the outbreak of the American re- volutionary war, were being gradually superseded by the Schenectady, and still later by the Durham, boats, ihonga they did not finally disappear until half a century later. The Schenectady boats were so called after the town of that name on the Mohawk ri^ er, in the State of New York, where they were built. They were greatly used by the U. E. Loyalists, who flsd from the revolted Xorth American colonies during the pro- gress of the war and on the conclusion of peace to make their homes in Canada. They are described as " being flat- bottomed, g n- erally small, and ri>;ged with an uu^ainly sail." Faniilies who intended going from the United States to Canada would either themselves build or cause others to coastnict for them such boats as would bo required. Murray gives us the following description of the Durham boats. He says they were "long,shallow, and nearly flat- bottomed. The chief instrument of steerage is a pole two feet long, shod with iron, and crossed at short intervals wi.h small bars of wood like the feet of a ladder ; the men place them- selves at the bow, two on each side, thrust their poles into tno chnnncl, and, grasping laocessively the wooden bars, work their iray toward the stern, thus pushing on the vessel in that direction." — (Canniff. ) Of the vessels built at Carleton Island duriD;^ the war of independence one of the largest appears to have been the Ontario, which was pierced for and carried 22 guns. She was under the command of Captain Andrews, of tha Koyal 1,'Avy. This officer was also the first commissioner at the dock yard, besides being the commodore ot the small fleet which Mas maintained upon the lake principally for the conveyance of troops and stores for their nse. Same time between the years 1780 and 1783— there is some dis- pute as to the exact year, but the former date appears the more probable— whilst the Ontario was proceeding from Niagara to Oswego, having on board, in addition to her crew, a detaci.ment of the 8th King's Re<{i- ment under the command of Colonel Burton, she encountered a fearful storm, and her gallant commander and all under his chari(e were totally lost. No less than one hundred and seventy-two persons perished on this occasion. In 1788 a survey ef all the lakes and harbors from Kingston to Michili- niackinac was made by Deputy Surveyor General Collins, acting under instractieos received from Lord Dorehester, the then Governor of Canada. Reading the report made on the work by Collins, in the light of a century's experience, one is tempted to amusement at his "tatemenis about what ho considered should be the tonnage of vessels built for service upon the lakes. VVs give his renort in his own words : — "Vessels sailing on these waters being seldom for any length of time out of sight of land, the navi<^ation must la considered chiefly as pilotage, to which the use of good nakual charts are essential, and therefore much wanted. Gales of wind or squalls rise suddenly upon the lakes, and from tb« confined state of the waters, or want of sea room (as it is called), vessels may in some degree be considered as upon a lee shore, and this seems to point out the necessity for thei ' being built on such a construction as wi 1 best enable them to work to windward. Schooners should, perhaps, have the preference as being rather safer than sloops. They should be from eighty to one hundred tons burthen on Lake Ontario and fifteen tons burthen on Lakes Erie and Huron ; but if not intended to communicate between these two lakes they may then be the same size as on Lake Ontario ; and if this system is approved there can be no necessity to deviate from it, unless an enemy should build vessels of greater magnitude or force ; but as the in- tent of bringing any such forward, at least, the building of them, can never remain a secret, there may be always time to counter- act such a design by preparing to meet them, at least on equal terms. It docs not seem advisable nor do I know any reason to continue the practice of building vessels &»t bottomed or to have very little draft of water ; they are always unsafe, and many of the accidents which have happened on tfao lakes have perhaps in some degree been i, lit ' M.' f [I i' ' 1' I 1 ■• ? 1 ll 1 » 822 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. owing to that cou&tructian. On the con< irary, if th«y are built on proper principles for burthen, as w^ 11 as sailing, they ara safer and will find sufficient depth of water proportioned to any tonnage which can be requisite for them upon these lakt-B." MURK SIIIF BUJLDINO. 'I he Government had ship building yards at iNiurney's and at Navy Points. Among the vessels constructed there was the Speedy, schooner, besides th« Mohawk, MisaissagA and the Duke of Kent. About the same time also, that is, between 1776 and 17S2, came the large influx of U. E. Loyalists from the United States to Canada. For the most part they made use either of the bat- teaux or of open boats to convey themselves and their tamiliea, together with such small earthly possessions as remained to them, across the lake. The most of the early commanders of ships plying upon the lakes belonged to the Royal Navy. Among them were Captains ISouchette, lilarle, For tichc, AleKenzie, Richardson, Steele and Paxton, The first named of these officers bad in 1793 the entire command of the naval force on Lake Ontario. His son, Joseph Bouchette, who was born in 1774, made the fifitt survey of Toronto harbor in 1793 Under date 1831 he thus describes the scene of his labors : — " General Simcoe, who then resided at Navy Hall, Niagara, having: formed extensive plans for the im- provement of the colony, had resolved upon laying tt<3 foundations of a provincial capi- tal. I was »f that period in the naval ser- vice of tlie I lis, and the survey of Toronto (York) harijor was entrusted by his Excel- lency to my performance I still distinctly recollect the untamed aspect which the country exhibited when first I entered the beautiful basin, which thus became the scene of rit early hydrographical operations. Dense and tracklessi forests lined the << argin of the lake and reflected their inverted images on its glassy surface. The wandering savatre had constructed his ephemeral habi- tation beneath their luxuriant foliage — the group then consisting of two families of Mississagas — and the bay and neighboring marshes were the hitherto uninvadt d haunts of immense convoys of wild fowl. Indeed, they were so abundant as in some measure to annoy us during the night." This was ia May, 1793, and from con- temporary records it appears that Gor- ernor Simcoe made bis first visit to the site of the proposed capital of the yoang province at the samo time The Gauttt •i May 9th, 17%. printed and pabliflbed at Newark, tells us that on May 3rd of that year, " bis Excellency, the Lieutenant-Governor, ac- companied by several military gentlemen. set out in boats for Toronto, round the head of Lake Ontario by liurlingtou I ay, and in the evening his Majesty's vessels, the Caldwell and BufTalo, sailed for the same place " The stay of the Gorernor and his friends in Toronto could not havo been of long dur- ation, for in the Gazette ol May 16th it is an- nounced that "on Monday, the 13th, about 2 o'clock, his Excellency the Lieutenant- Governor and suite arrived at Navy Hall from Toronto ; they returned as they had gone, in boats round the lake." A little eirlier than this in the same year, the Gazette of April 18th, 1793, also informs us that "his Majesty's sloop, the Caldwell, sailed the 5tn inst. from Niagara for Fort Ontario (Oswego) and Ki' gston." Again on the 13th of the month we learn from the samo source that "there arrived in the river (at Niagara) his Majesty's armed schooner, the Ononda- go, in company with the Lady Dorchester, merchantman, after an agreeable passage from Kingston of thirty-six hours." The fol- lowing is a list of those who eame as passen- gers on board of the former vessel : —Mr. L. Crawford, Mr. J. Denison, the great-grand- father of Toronto's present (1893) Police Ma- gistrate, Captain Thomas Fraser, Mr. Joseph Forsyth, Captain Archibald Macdonald, Lieutenant McCaw, 60th Foot, and Mr. J. Small, Clerk of the Executive Council. A few weeks later, on May 2nd, the Gazette says, " on Sunday morning early, his .Ma- jesty's ship Caldwell arrived here, and on Monday also arrived from Kingston, the Onondago in twenty-three hours.'' The point of arrival is, of course, Niagara. TIIK DUKK OF KENT. This summer the Duke of Kent arrived in Canada on his first visit to this country. He was conveyed from Kingston to Niagara en board the Mohawk, under the command of Commodore Bouchette. The late Colonel Clark, of Port Dalhousie, gives in a letter published in 1880 the fol- lowing pleasing account of the Duke's visit : " The civil and military authorities of the province met his Royal Highness at Quebec and paid him all the honors duo to hia ele- vated station After a short stay there, and many visits to the chief objects of in- terest in that neighbourhood, he determined to pay a visit to the freat object of wonder and admiration in America, the Falls of Niagara, the fame of which had excited a lively interest, oven then, in England. His Royal Highness aad suite left Quebec for Montreal in a number of the ordinary caleehes of the country, drawn by French ponies, and urged over tho rough roads by Canadian habitant drivers, with pipe in mouth, »s is their custom. From Moatreal LA ^ DM ARKS OF TORONTO. 823 einen.sek 5 head of nd in th« Caldwell s friendi [ong dur- it is an- Ith. abou» i«utenant- lary Mali they had ' A littl« Iha Gazette I u8 that rell, sailed r» Ontario m the 13th ime source it Niagaia) he Ouonda- Dorchester, ,le passage s." The fol- e as passen- bI :— Mr. L. iireat-grand- [) Police M»- , Mr. Joseph Aiacdonai'i, and Mr. J. Council. A the Oazette ly, his Ma- lere, and on lingstou, the i." The point :a. r. at arrived m lountry. He „ to Niagara the command )rt Dalhousie, I860 the fol- Duke's visit : horities of the less at Quebec due to hia ele- t stay there, objects of in- he determined ject of wonder ■^ the FallBof had excited » iingland. His eH Quebec for the ordinary p'n by French rough roads by with pipe »B Fr«ni Moatreal they proceeded to Laohine, in the same pri- mitiTC fashion, where the Royal party em- barked in a large batteaux, manned by hardy ▼oyageurs, to stem the mighty St. fjaw- rence. After many ' a long pull, a strong pvill, and a pull altogether,' and many amus- ing minhaps and adventures, thoroughly en- joyed by the Royal party, they at length reached still water at Oswagatchun — now Ogdensburg— where they were met by a barge from Kingston belungiag to my brother, Petrr Clark, Esq., Clerk of the Legislative Council, and manned by a torce of military and »ailori from the latter city, where they were quickly and safely con- veyed. They were soon embarked on board tlie King's ship, Mohawk, commanded by Commodore Bouchette, grandfather of the present Commissioner of Customs. In this vessel they proceeded up Lake Ontario to Navy Hall, on the Niagara River, the resi- dence of his Excellency Sir John Graves Simcoe. 'i he Royal party was there re- ceived and entertained with all the state and disunity that was possible, by his Excellency and the various civil and military authori- ties, With much dithculty horses and saddles were procured for the whole party, when they proceeded alone the banks of the river to the Falls, where at that period there was but one small Iol' hut for the re- ception of visitors. Their horses being tied to the trees, they proceeded by an Indian path to the Table Rock. Some of the mure adventurous succeeded in descending beneath it, by means of a rude rickety Inaian lad- der. Curiosity being satisfied^ the Royal party made their way to Queenston, where an ample and si bstantial lunch was pre- pared by the Hon. Robert Hamilton, who had the honor of entertaining the illustrious visitors. They then returned to Niagara, where they dined in the evening with his Excellency the Governor. Many of the great chiefs and warriors of the Six Nations, headed by the renowned Capt Joseph Brandt, in full war paiit, gave the war dance before his Excellency's residence for the amusement of th«> Royal party. The next moruing a large party of the swiftest and mosc skilful of the young warriors got up a nU'tch of baseball of a very excitinc; character. Then there were foot races and several other characteristic games, in which his Royal Highness took a very warm in- terest, and expressed the high gratitication he felt in witnessing them. Alter having examined the Fort and other objects of in- terest connected with the French occupa- tion, the Royal party embarked for Kingston, en route for Quebec. The frontier towns on the American side had not th n been trans- ferred to the United >States authorities." The vessel kn"?ru m the (Caldwell, whieh has been sevral times referred to, was named after v.ho Receiver-lieneral of Que- bec, thp Honoiable Heary Caldwell. Collins' report on the harbour of York (Toronto) has already been quoted. Theru is another report somewhat analogous from Governor Simcoe preserved in the archives at Ottawa concerning York harbour and the erection of barraoks for the Queen's Rangers. In this letter Simcoe says that it was a most desirable harbour. The spot of land referred to is Hanlau'3 Point. This was (Gibraltar Point, and on it was a large bloek-house. which stood about a hundred feet north of Hanlau'a Hotel from about 1796 until 1825. It was dismantled in 1815. The "' bottom of the harbour " is the Dou. It may be said that the proposed buildings of stone were never erected. The first huts built wore on the west side of the old fort — a row of six, that stood on thi» left side of the old gats at the eastern entrance to the fort. The letter is written by Lieut. -Governor .'^in coe to Col Alured Clarke, of the Royal Engineers, Quebec, and reads : — Concerning York Harbour ind H^'orkt — Simcoe to Clark''. " I lately examined this harbour an V'ii ill I 824 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. closing the angles to the land with a kind of breant-work of aod, to leave an opening towards the harbour for a battery eu barbette. I have heard of two eighteen pounders that were sunk in the lake after ihe late pea'se. They are describ- ed as beine good guns and easy to be weigh- ed. If I obtain them, I should propose to place ihem and some heavy carronades on the part of the harbour opposite to the in- tended barracks, where 1 should wish to build a storehouse that mii;ht occasionally serve as a bloekhouse to secure such bat- teries as may be necessary for the troops to erect. I must observe to your Excellency that at this point there is an excellent har- bour for batteaux." THB FIRST MKRCHANT VKS9EL. In the summer of 1793 there appeared on Lake Ontario for the first time the premier merchantman ^ailt in Canada. She was named the York, and had been constructed on the River Niagara in the previous year, 1792. Althoueh sailing vessels were now being used, not ouly for the conveyance of merchandise, but also of passen^'ers, other modes of transit by water were far from being obsolete, for we read in the Gazette, published August 1st, 1793, that " a few days ago the first division of his Majesty's corps of Queen's Rangers left Queenston for Toronto, now York, and proceeded in batteaux round the head of the Lake On- tario, by Burlington Bay." The second de- tachment of this gallant corps was, how- ever, more favored, for we learn from the same authority that they "sailed in the King's vessels, the Onondago and Caldwell, for the same place." The Is'^^ portion of the regiment left on the 29th A July, and they were accompanied by the General him- self, the Gazette telling us : " On Monday evening his Excellency, the Lieutenant- Governor, left Navy Hall and embarked on board his Majesty's sciiooner, the Missis- aaga, which sailed immediately, with a favor- able gale for York, with the remainder of the Queen's Rangers." Some days later the Onondago and Caldwell, having returned to Niagara from York, (Toronto) again sailed from the former port, the first conveying the Chief Justice of the province, the Hon- orable William Osgoode, and the Attorney- General, Mr. John White, to Kingston, the second having on boa id, en route for York, Major Littlehales, who was the much valued private secretary to the Lieut. -Governor. The next notice we have relating to the fleet OB Lake Ontario is contained in the following general order, dated York, 26th ot August, 1793 " His Excel- lency, the Lieutenant Governor, having re- '^eived information of the success of his Majesty's arms under His Royal Highnew, the Duke of York, it is His Excelleney's orders, that on the railing of the Union Flag at twelve o'clock to-morrow, a royal aaluto of twenty>one gune is to be fired, to be an- swered by the shipping in the harbor, in respect to His Royal Highness and in com- memoration of the naming this harbor from his English title, York. E. B. Littlehales, Major of Brigade." The records of 1794 are very barren, but we do learn that early in that year the " Anondaga of 14 guns," the same vessel aa that commanded by Com- modore Houchette. the " Onondago,' there being some slight confusion in the names, was stranded at the entrance to the harbor and given up for lost. She was, liowever, got off the shoal and floated into deep water by the exertions of Lieutenant Joseph Bou- cnette. This was the same officer whom Governor Sinicoe had already instructed to make a survey of these waters. Several journeys appear to liave been undertaken on the lake and River Thames during 1794 by tlie Governor, but they were all performed, so far as we can i sctrtain, in open boats. The following year, 1795, in June, General Simcoe is again at Navy Hall, Newark, and there in visited by, and hospitably enter- tains, the famous French traveller, the Duke of Rochefoucault de Liancourt. We quote from the published diary of that nobleman the following remarks. Writing from Detroit, while en route to Navy Hall, on June 21st, 1795, he says : '* After a hearty breakfast on board the Chippaway frigate, commanded by Captain Hara — where we learned that this vessel, which is about 400 tons burthen, cost n\e thous- and pounds sterling — we embarked for Chippaway,'' we presume on board one of the boats belonging to that ship, for he further tells us it was a king's vessel and manned by six soldiers, who weie excellent hands at rowing, and that the commandant insisted on Lieutenant Faulkner attending him as far as Niagara. Arriving; at Navy Hall, continuing his narrative, he relates : — 'V'^ome trifling excursions we made in the environs of the city, and especially a tour of four days with the Governor along the banks of the lake, afforded us an opportunity of seeing the interior of the country . The chief purpose of this journey was to reach the extremity of the lake. A boat made of the bark of trees and destined for the Gov- ernor's excursions between Detroit and King- ston contained the whole company." He then proceeds to say who they were ; then continuing, say .- — "Twelve chassenrs of the Governor's regiment rowed the boat, which was followed by ano her vessel carry- ing tents and provisions." A.ain, says the LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 825 ghnMB, llcney'i on Flag mIuU be an- rbor, in in com- i>r from tlehalM, of 1794 ht early I guns," by Com- ,'^ there names, i narbor laowever, ep vater ph Bou- r whom ucted to Sereral rtaken on 1794 by erformed, sn boats. , General rark, and Iv cnter- siler, the lurt. We of that Writing fcvy HaU, •• After a Ihippaway ra — where ia about thoU'- krked for one of the further id manned hands at insisted }g him as avy Hall, 5 : — kde in the a tour of the banks rtunity of try. The to reach made of the GoT- and King- |any." He ■ere ; then wears of th« boat, issel carry - says the sam* writer, "Qovernor Simcoe intends to make York the centra of the naval force on Lake Ontario. Only four gunboats are at present on ihis lake, two of which are con- stantly employed in transporting merchan- dise ; the other two, which alone are Qt to carry troops and guns and have oars and sails, are lying under shelter until an oc- casion occurs to convert them to their in- tended purpose. It is the (Governor's in- tention to build ten smaller cun-hoats on Lake Ontario and ten on Lake Erie. The ship carpenters, who construct them, rcsi tliat hia opposition was from interested motives. Tliis un- worthy insinuation may be pa.'^sed over un- noticed. I he passage from Niagara to Kingston generally took thirty-six hours to accom- plish, but on the occasion of Rochefoucault's journey it took no less than forty-eight. At the time of the Duku's visit to Kings- ton ha tells us: "The merchant vessels h«re at this time are but tiiree in nuniber, and make but eleven voyages in the year." The Duke makes one observation while at Kingston which shows him to have been pos- sessed of keen foresight. It is worth quot- ing. He remarks : *• Kingston s ems better fitted for a trading town than Newark, (Niagara) were it only for this reason, that the ships which arrive at the latter place and are freighted for Lake Erie, pass by the former to sail aeain up tlie river as far as Queenston, where the portage begins. Nor is the position of Newark equally advantageous for sharing the trade in provisions, with which the lake rnay one day supply Lower Canada, England, per- liaps all Europe, if Upper Canada should ever answer the expectations entertained by Governor Simcoe." The Duke took hit departure from King- ston for the United States by way of Oswego on July 22nd, 1795, sailing in a barge be- longing to Major Dobson, ^ ommandins; the troops at Kingston. It was manned by four soldiers quartered in the garrison, under the command of an officer named Lemoine. It took nearly two days to ac- complish the journey. GENERAL SIMCOE's PLANS. About this time there was running on the lake between Kingston, Oswego and Niagara, a schooner named The Sophia. She appears to have been a quic; sailer, as the Gazette infornis us that she accomplished - < May her journey between Kingston and Niagara in eighteen hours. In 1796 Governor Simcoe was engaged not only in erecting buildings for the nss of the Government at York (Toronto), but also iu constructing a wharf and what is spoken of in the correspondence with the commissary of stores, John McGill, Esquire, as a " cannal," This probably was something in the nature of a dock. A boat was also being built " for the purpose af transporting stone," probably from Niagara to York, to aid in the erection of (lovern- ment House. Wegivstheboatbuilder'sreceipt for materials he received for this purpose from Mr, McGi I. It is copied from the original document preserve i in the Parlia- mentary Library : " Upper Canada, '• York, 5rh May. 1T96. " Received of John McOlll, K! arked, A very few days later, on September I4th, this advertise- ment appears prominently in the Gazette : "The Toronto Yacht, Captain Baker, will, in the course of u few days, be ready to make her first trip. She is one of the handsorottst vessels of her size that ever swam upou the Ontario, and if wo arc permitted to judge from her ap- pearance and to do her justice, we must say she bids fa<:' to be one of the swiftest sailing vessels. SKe is admirably well calculated for the reception of passengers, and can with pro- priety boast of the most experienced cfllecrs and men. Her master builder was a Mr. Deni- aon, an American, on whom she reflects much honor." " Ittr. Denison" is a misprint for Dennis, a gentleman of whom w« shall have much more to say here.ifter. It is to be regretted that no information is given aa to f here tlie Toronto Yitcht was built and laum hed, nor as to her dimensions and tonnage On November 3oth. the Gazette chrooicK* the death of a raftsman upon the Don by falling from his raft into the river. Jt adds that ''his his remains were interred in Masonic order," 'i he last days of the year appear to have been very stormy, for Me learn from the CovsteUation of December 7th, e paper pub- lished in Niagara, that " on Thursday last," this would be on Novornbe-i 29th, " a boat arrived here from Schenectady, which place she left on the 22nd ult. She pas-sed the York, sticking on a rock off the Devil's Nose ; no pru.spect of getting her otf. A small deck boat also, she reports, lately sprung a leak twelve miles distant from Oswego. The people on board, many of whom were passengers, were taken off by • LANDMARKS OF TORONI'O. 829 voMel pMsing, when she instantly sank ; cargo is al*. los'/. " Th« Mme papers refer 'o two other resr^els, natiMly, tlie Gencaca and the V^ggj, both schooners. I ho former appeara to hav« been more than a month in accomplishing the dis- tance between Oswego and Niagara, haviuf " been driren back by heavy gales." The latter vessel, the P ggy, was owned, in part at least, at York (Toronto). The reference made to her is contained in an Kdvertise- ment running thun : — ''For sale, one moioty of the ws'Jknown schoontr Pegsy. Any rocomnicridation of her suLilir.g or accommodation will be unneccHsary. With these particulars the public iire well acquainted, and the Durchaser will nn doubt 4ati!«fy himself with personal inspertiou. Fur terms of sale apply to the oxccnror aiid exe- cutrix." The Peggy had been held, as many ships before the Board, until which time the consideration of this petition is deferred. A week later pressing reference is made by advertisement to a vessel called the Duchess of York, but no particulars are given respecting her. The sciioouer York, which we have men tioned as being the lirst Canadian nierchanb V33sel, hau, as we have just ."Con, encounter- ed a severe storm on the 29th of November, and was grounded near the mouth of the Geneva river. (>he became a total wreck, and went entirely to pieces. At the end of this year (1799) a casual reference is made to a Government sloop, known as the Terrahoga. Siie was little known and wo never find her again men- tioned . la tlie first days of the prc^sent century > ; Dennis, Lvo much regretted to » here launi bed, laga Oil icl'.* the by falling that '"hia lie order." to have from the aper pub- day last," " a boat icb place the York, Devil's er off. A ts, lately tant from I, many of in off by a L0.S3 OF TllK YORK. I 1^ are in the present day, in shares, and this moiety offered for sale was part of " the estate of Thomas Berry, merchant, of York, deceased. Complaint was made even in theie early days of excessive port charges, for we find that Capt. Jos. KendriclL, of the Pe^'gy, protested to the Executive Council, and in the Simooe paper.s in the archives at Ottawa is the following from the minutes of the council. Minute of Council, 6thAufist, 1709. Read, the memorial of Joseph Kendrick, master of the schooner Pe^^y, complaining that the port charges from this town to Niagara are too high for a vessel of her tonnage, etc. Recommended, that a tabic of the charges cnade ■ clie entry of vessels and craft of all kinds by the superintendents of the several por*' on this and the Upper I aku be laid the Gazette of April 'J6th, May 2nd and 10th, contained this notihcatioa : •' Snoriffs OiHcc.-). York. April 18, 1800. " Home District, to wit : " By virtue of a writ of fieri faiias, at thosuit Oi Potor Vanalst.iue, against the (;oods and chattels of Abnor Miles to me diruuted. 1 have signed and taken in execution one-third hhura of the dcb.ooner Jemima or Gur.ssce packet, as belonging to the said Abner Miles." The advertisement proceeds to say that this share will be sold on the sixteortth of the following June to the hic;hest bidder. It concludes by enjninint; all per.sons who have any lien upon the ves-sel to at once notify the fact to the sheriff. It is signed, "Alex- ander McDonell, Sheriff." On May t7th we are informed that "on I'hnrsday evening last His Kxcellency, Peter Hunter, Ksq., Lieutenunt-(.iovernor of tiiia province, arrived in our harbour on i oard the Toronto." I J '] kl t , V 830 LANDMARKS OF TOTtOXTO. i' i.'- ■I Id the Oazetle of September 6th appear* this somewhat amusing apology from the printers of the paper : *' VVe hope to be ex- cused for the badness of the quality of the paper we are obliged this day to print on, owing to the non-arriTal of the vessel, which has our new supply of that article on board and which we daily expect." AK INTEBRSTING SCHEDULE. The following return of lake shipping at the close of last century is of interest : Ontario. .5 Erie. Hnron and 3 Micbigan. o . . ►» j_j ^ o o "i ^ St* f^ "-1 'T)«"0 _- - a a 2. 00 000' §• 50 00005 CO- »5 p ■ 1 • ccor E*o • <» a fin 55 P 3 o s a a. U (-» r* s e o >-■ M ;r. B on- O O . 3 3 • ■3 •a : p p . 3 -3 . ! o'o'p^s ' -I >t ^?rp ^ ai a <» JLjH ' CD 03 ^^Cr : ooggo ; 00-^0 ■ '2'2 ^^"a • P •» BO O B a c: ^< -i oi o 3. o ■!» ci o< ci ^ ^i I ' uiinago I I osixx cs»'«'C. <»o>cncno> OQ B 2 o* 3 2"" -^ ■«1B ■4 w. w i-»^ (t> cr » l! ,'j Respectinr; the lake harbors there is the following in the Simcoe papers : — " lie York, Johnafoxon and Kinguton. "The situation of two towns seems to hare been properly laid out in the eastern part of the Province, the one being where the rapids end, called Cornwall, and the other at the termination of the ship navigation of the lakes, near the island of Livy, named Johnatowti. " Kingston, at the mouth of the St. Law- rence, being the best Imrbour for the ship- fiing at this end ot the lake, svnd the place where the batteaux from Montreal resort, must be a town of some consequence, though it is incapable of defence, unless on a system beyond all propriety. It cannot under present cii'camstaBcee be ot very great importance. It has astonishingly increased since the establishment of the Government. " In the apper part of the province on Lake Ontario, thia best harbour is that of 'i orouto or York. A communioaiion between this place and Lake Hnron has been explored, which may be of the utmost commercial and military advantage to the province " In the first year of this century there was constructed in : he township of Mar \ sburgh, a short distance west of the Stone mills, a schooner of some celebrity. It was built by Captair. Murncy, father of the late Hon. Ed- ward Murney, of Belleville. Captain Mur- ney came to Kingston, in 1797, at the solicitation of Mr. .Joseph Forsyth. It was constructed for himself, and was made al- together of red cedar, a kind of wood form- erly very plentiful along the bay, and which posg3sses a most agreeable odor, and is ex- tremely durable. The vessel was named the Prince Edward. John Clark, of Dal- housie, says of this vessel, that he was on board the following year of her building, and that she was a " staunch, good ship, with an able captain." Her size was sufficient to allow 70<) barrels of flour to be stowed be- neath her hatches. She ran upon Lake On- tario for many years, anii made for herowner a small fortune. She was in good condition in 1812, and was employed by Government as an armed vessel. A schooner called Prinee Edward, probably the same. Captain Young, was the first vessel to land at the pier when erected at Wellington. (Canniff, p. 153. ) 111 the same year, 1800, we learn from the source from which we have just quoted, that '' a schooner of 100 tons was brought to Clifton, and during the winter of 1801, she crossed by the portase road on immense runners 10 Queenston, where she again found her native element in the Niagara river." She was in 1804 lost in bringing a cargo to Niagara, with all on lioa'd. On May 16th, 1801, the Toronto again arrives at York, carrying the Lieutenant Governor, who was to open Parliameiit on the 28th of the same month. nelson's DANISH VICTORY. On June 13th is this announcement: " lAst Monday," that would bo on June 8th, " was a day of universal rejoicing in this town, occasioned by the airivnl of the news of the splendid victory gained by Lord Nelson over the Danes in Coponliugen K ads, on the 2nd of April last." fi LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 831 On August 29th following, we are ap- prised by the Gazette of Mr. William Allan's appointment as " Collector of duties at this Dort (York) for the Home District." in the Niagara Herald of January 18th, 1802, appears the following paragraph : — *' The sloop Mary Ann will sail from this town (Niagara) on first favorable day." In addition there was the vensel known as Skinner's S oop. We learn " through a private letter from Captain ^Eneas Mac- douell to Ensign Chiniquy, dated York (iarri;ion,28th March, 1802, of the receipt of a budget of news by Skinners Sloop." (Scadding, p. 527). On March 30th, 1802, Levi VVillard adver- tises in the Gazette that he " will run a boat from Y'^ork to the head of thelake onca a week. The first departure will be from York, the 31st instant, und from the head of the lake on Saturday every week." This advertise- ment continues in several successive num- bers. In the Gazette, published on May 15th of the same year, we again hive the intelli- gence of the Governor's arrival at York, and, aa in the two preceding years, h« cam* on the Toronto, after a remarkably quick pas- sage from Quebec of nineteen days 1 Travelling at this period both by land and lake was a widely different matter from what it is now. There are many living who can remember, and remember with a shud- der, wiiat its discomforts were less than fifty years ago. Long after the Upper Pro- vince had been settled it was an undertak- ing of no small magnitude to accom- plish a journey, say from New York to Kingston or York. Writers who are presumably well acquainted with the subject, relate how travellers were cix weeks in accompliahinf; the distance between Albany and the Bay of Quinte. Other instances are given of faiiiilies being a month on their journey from New Jersey to the same settlement. Compare such inconveniences with the comforts obtainable in 1893. A traveller can dine in New York on one Sunday and in Liverpool on the one following. He ean breakfast in Toronto, have his lunch, say at Buffalo, and a late dinner in New York, or he can dine in Toronto at a late hour one evening and breakfast in Montreal at a tolerably early hour on the foliowisg morn- ing. In the Gazette, published February 5th, 1803, there is a proclamation from His Ex- cellency, the Lieutcnank Governor, Peter Hunter, Esq., constituting two additional places aa porta of entry in the following terms :— " I, Peter Hunter, Esquire, Lieutenaafc Governor of this Province, do hereby de- clare and appoint that in addition to the Ports of Entry and Clearance ectabUshed by and under the anthcrity of a certain act." The document then proceeds to quote this act and to define the locality of the new ports in these words : " The places hereinafter described nnd specified, that is to say : * * * on the west bank of the river Gananoque, in the Township of Leeds, in the County of Leeds, in the Distiict of Johnstown, at or near the place where the said river St. Lawrence » * • j^^j on the north bank of the river Chippawa, in the township of Stamford, in the county of Lincoln, in the district of Niagara, near to the bridge over the said last mentioned river, shall froii the four- teenth day ot February next, severally and respectively be and the same are })y these presents proclaimed to be ports and places of entry and clearance, for all goods and merchandi/.e, brought into this province from the United States of America." The document conclude by again quoting the act of Parliament, under which it is issued and then is signed "By His Excel- lency's Command, William Jarvis, Secre- tary." On the 14th of May following the Govern- ment schooner Duke of Rent, arrived at Y'ork from Kingston, conveying a detach- ment of troops. This is the first mention we have of this vessel. On June 25th, the Gazette tells its readers that the Lieutenant • Governor wifeh his ^uite, will sail that day from York for Quebec, via Kingston, and on July 29th the same paper refets again to the arrival in York harbour of the schooner Duks of Kent. In the Gazette of November 26th there is this notice : — " It is currently reported, and wc are sorry to add with every appearance of foundation, that the sloop Li idy Washing- ton, commanded by Captain MuiTay, was lately lo^t in a gale of wind near Oswegu, on her passage to Niagara. Pieces of the wreck and her boat, by which she wa< recognized, together viith several other articles, are said to have been picked up. It is yet uncertain whether the crew and passengers were saved. Among the lattfr were Messieurs Dunn and Boyd, of Niagara." The vessel just referred to was the fir^t American craft bnilt on Lake Eric. She was constructed at Four Mile Creek, noar Erie. Pa., in 1797. For one soMon only she sailed on Lake Erie She was then sold to a Canadian, who took her on wheels round the Falls from Chippawa to Qveenston. I'here she was raeiatered as s British vessel. r^ W4 'i !i 5 ' I I ■ 'Jtl i I- ■'* It ■f :Ll. 832 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. i!^ her namn beiog changed from Washinj{ton to Lady Washington. T0BK'» FIONEEB MEKCHAirr. The basihess hindrances arising from the delay or non-arrival of expected vessels kave previously been referred to Another instance of it is given in the advertisement pnl''i»hed in the Gazette of December lOtb, 1803, by Mr. Qaetton St. George, where, atcer explaining that he had lost a large quantity of goods through the founderi g of the Lady Washington, he thus expresses to his cu-tomers his regret for their tailore to receive their supplies : — •* Mr. Sfc George is very sorry that he baa not received his £aH~ India goods and groceries. He is sure they are at OdAego, and should they not arrive this season," that is before the navigation of the harbor •losed for the winter, " they may," the ad- vertisemeat concludufl, " be looked for early ia the apriug. " The OazetU of the same date also gives a table of exports and imports ai. Quebtc for •le year 1803. It is to be regretted the «pian titles only are given, not the values. An ong the export* are 14,0S4 barrels of Sonr and 372.5.3.^; busheU of whea , a large (fnanlity of 8a.lte:l beef, pork and fish, six ke«:s of tobacco, also tl" same quantity of Curiadi\ balsam, and a larje coiiaigninunt of sartinparilla. Timber, rough and prepared, forms, as was to hnt a still wo> storm took place oorly in the next month, resulting in the total losa of the Government schooner Speedy. I he Oazette narrates the story tbas :— •• The Speedy, Cap ain 0. Paxton, left ilua port on baad»j evening, the 7tb of October last, with a moderat* breeze from the N W., for Presque Isle, and was descri- ed off that Island on the Monday following before dark, where prepar*- tions were made for the reception of the passengers, but the wirid coming round from the N. K blew with such vio- lence aa to render it impossible for her to enter the harbor, and very shortly after she disappeared. A large fi e wm then kindled on shore as a guide to the ¥es8«J during ohe night, but she has not since been seen or heard of, and it ia with the mo?t painful sensations we have to say we fear she it totally lost." A SAD i^TORV. The paper goes on to say that eaquiry had been made at all the lake ports, but ne information could be obl>ined about the ship excepting that a mast, compass-b«»K and hen-coop, known to have belon;;cd te her, had been found on the beach at the opposite side of the lake. On board the Speedy were among others. Mr. Justice Cochrane, Mr. Robert.). D.Gray, Solicitor General ; Mr. Angus McDonell, Advocate, and a member of the House of Assembly ; Mr. John Fiisk, Hi^h Constable of York, and ^lr. (ieorge C'ov/an, who Mas an Indian in- terpre er " These centlimcu were," the Gaze'te gooa on, " proceeding to the district of New- castle, in order to hold the Circuit, and for the trial of an Indian, (also on board the Speedy), indicted for the mur ler of Johe >harpe, late of the Queen's Rangers." The sad story concludes by sayi g that it is feared others, whose names were unkno\rn, had also perished, ami that the total loss of life amount- ed to twenty souls. In the last issue of the (•itzette, in Dticember, 1804, there is a refer- ence made to the schooner I'eggy. She h.id brou;;ht a valuable consignment of goods for Quotton St. (ieorgb. and that enterprising ;,'entleman informs his patrons that " they will close his supply for this year " We may conclude, therefore, that though navigation had epened late in the season of 1804 it had not made up for it by closing early. The imports and exports at Quebec for 1804, excepting iu wheat, do not show any very great diflerences from those of the preceding year Among the latter are 200,043 bushels of wheat, a decrease of no less than 172,490 bushels, but there is a very considerate increase in oats and barley There is, too, a considerable augmentation in the nu . ber of deer skins exported. They exceed by mote than 41,000 those shipped the year previously. Amon;^ the dutiable imports there is an increase in the quantity of rum, but the uumLer of \'tf- goca ■ New- kml for ard the Joha The ab ib were aad mount- f the ref«r- h,>d ds for prieinsr ' they We hou^h the for it xports t, do froB latter se of e ia a and er&ble skins 41.000 ^mon;:; oae in -er of LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 8:» packs of playing cards decreases exactly 3,000 pac is. In salt, too, there is a de- crease of more than 9,000 minots. But the Canauians were less luxurious in 1804 than in its predecessor, for the importation of Noyeau ib conspicuous by its absence. The records of shipping for 1805 are very barren. The arrival at York and departure of the Lieutenant-Governor for Kingston and Qaebec is noted without any information as te the means he employed to transport him- self from place to place. Only in November is there a casual reference made to the Toronto Yacht. She had apparently been lying near the Garrison, for we learn from tke Gazette of November 16th that "a boat jmb off from her to the rescue of some per- aoas in danger ef drowning, who had been ■jiset from a boat bound from the Credit to Toronto," and which had been, to quote the ChxiCtte, " overset near the Garrison at the entrance of thLt (York) Harbor." Despite all exertions though, one person and nearly all the cargo, were lost. The officer iu com- •naad of che Toronto Yacht was Capt. Earl. DKATU or NEIJiON. llio Gazette, published January 11th, M06, contains the following paragraphs : — " As the public curiosiiy has i cen lately eeosiderably excited by a report of Lord Nelson's havini; fallen iu with and obtained a victory over the combined French and Spanish flee*;, with the loss of his life, we pub- Vmh the following letter, with which we have been poUucly favored (dated 29th December), received by a gentleman in Niagara. The paper then cautions its readers against plac- ing too much r<>''.ance on the letter, and proceeds to give its contents, which ran tins :— "I hasten to let you know that we have received direct information from Albany that Lord Nelson has fallen in with the com- bined ileet, taking nineteen, sinking two, blew up one, and seven ;;ot away. Two ad rairals (French) and one Spanisii taken prisoners. Lord Nelson was shot with a musket ball through the breast and killed. No other of&cer of distinction on either side waa lost. • * ♦ • Lord Nelson's fleet consisted of twenty seven. It was spoken of as certain in Albauy." By a Gazette extraordinary, dated January 20th following, the news just referred to wai fnlly confirmed. On the same date the Freaident, Alexander Grant, Esquire, order- ed a salute to be fired in honor of the vic- tory by the troops in York garrison. The following letter, copied from the original document and addressed to the commissary of stores, will be read with interest : — "YOEK, 20th January, 1806. "Sib,— You will please issue te Sergeant Robert Hadden, of the Royal Artillery, one barrel of gunpowder to be used in firing a 1 syal salute in honor of the signal and glorious victory, obtained by the British fleet under Lord Nelson, over the combined fleets of France and Spain, at the entrance of the straights (sic) of Gibraltar on the 2Ist of October last, and on such other services as may be occasionally required, and for which Ser- geant Hadden is hereafter to account. The Hon. John Mc(iill, Alex. Grant, " Commissary ef Stores. President. " Later, on February 15th, the Gazette refers to the loss of a boat plying between Oswego and Sandy Creek, near the mouth of the Salmon river, when four people lost their lives. Still later, on June 14th, the &a::6<^e prints a request. " That no person will draw sand or pass with loaded waggons or carts over the new bridge er float at the opening of the Don river," and then pro- ceeds to explain " this source of communi- cation, was intended merely to accommo- date the inhabitants of the town in a walk or ride to the Island. " Among other notices that appear in the Gazette of May 16th, 1807, is one appointing " Joseph Chioiquy, Esquire, Collector of Customs at the ports of St. Joseph and St. Mary." Uy a letter of Governor Gore, written in the following August, we learn that the schooner Toronto had met with an accident, of what particular nature we are not informed. We also see that even those who held such prominent positions as his, were compelled even at this period to have recourse to batteaux in proceeding from place to place. NEPTUNE CONQUERS MARS. The Lieutenant-Governor, writing from Kingston, '24th August, 1807, say.-j : — "SVe arrived here (Kingston) yesterday after a pass.-.ge of forty eight hours. Mra. Gore suffered very much from sickness and the gallant major was near giving up the ghost. As for myself I never was more hearty in my life.'' He is on his way to Montreal and proceeds to add : — "I have got two batleaux and shall start at ten o'clociv to-morrow, and hope to be with you at furthest on the 17th of next mon'.h." In the latter portion of his letter ho refers thus to the recent accident to the Toronto Yacht "I am vexed to hear of the Toron- to's disaster. For God's sake let us avoid a second Speedy atfair." Unfortuna'ely, there was yet another ace dent to this same veascl, for on October 17th following the Gazette briefly chronicles the event. It occurred on her passage bO' tween Niagara and Toronto, causing her to put back to the former port. At this time <\h ^< i i. ..-J-M; 834 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. the means of communication throughout the provinca must hkve been, both by land and \«atcr, in a most primitive condition, for almost touch number of the Gazftte contains complaints alout the non-arrival of various articles requirad by the publishers. This important announcemaut is made in the Gazette o: March 16th, 1808: " It is with pleasure "c inform the public that i he dangers to vessels navigating Lake Out irio will in a great measure ba avoided iiy the erection of a lighthouse on Gib- I iiltar Point, which is to be immediately coni- }>letcd in compliance with an address of the House of Assembly to the Lieutenaut- (lovornor." It has been statsd on, perhaps, somewhat doubtful authority tiiala lighthouse had been commenced at tliis place in 1799, or even a year earlier, also that the schooner Mohawk ii!id been employed in carrying stone from Niagara for huilding purposes, and that building had begun. This my have been so, but the undertakini; must have been of a private nature, aud never came toauytliing. The Act for the establishment of li>;ht- houses at Isla Forest, near Kingston, at Niissiasaga Point, naar Niagara, and at Gibraltar Point, opposite York, was not passed until 1803, and there is no record of any advantage having beun taken of its pro- visions until this year, 1808. By this Act the maintenance of the lighthouses is pro- vided for by levying a toll of threepence I)e:- ton (this would be Halifax carreucy, equivalent to five cents) "on every vessel, boat, raft or other craft of ten tons burthen or upwards, doubling tha point named, in- ward bound." We hear of two new ve9sels this year, namely, the Elizabeth and the Goveruor Simcoe. i hey were built by Judge Richard Cartwright, the first for himself and the second for the Northwest Company, to re- place one similarly named that had become worn out and whose advent we have already mentioned. These schooners were built and launched at Mississaga Point, at the mouth 01 the river Cataraqui. In the Gazette of April 7ih following, there is » reference made to the schooner Mary Ann havint; sailed from Kingston on the 3rd or 4th inst. " with an elegant assort- ment of fashionable printed cottons and cali- coes," and that her arrival at York is duly expected. The Toronto Yacht was fairly busy in the latter end of 1808 conveying the Governor to and from Niagara and York. There also appears to have bean a schoon- er on Lake Erie at this time known as the Camden, for in the Oazetle of July 30th re- ference is made to the Lieutenant Gover- nor's return from a journey to Amherstburg and Sandwich. He is said to have returned to York by Lake Erie "on board the Cam- den, having had rather a tedious passage of seven days and blowing adverse weather." Navigation closed early in I SOS, for on December 14th the Gazette announces that in consequence of the suspension of our water coinmuuicatioQ with Niagara at the present season " the day of publication would in future be Wednesday, instead of Saturday, as heretofore." This year is re- markable not only as being the first in which the provisions of the Lighthouse Act were enforced, but also as being the last year in which the navigation of the Canadian rivers and lakes was compassed solely by sailing vessels. The introduction of steam power, then threatened, became an accomplished fact in 1809, and as that year marks a new era in the life of our Canadian marine the second portion of the history of that service closes at this period. CHAPTER CCXXXIX. Six Eventfnl Years— The Virst SiPAiii VfH- sels— The >Var of tSl'i aud thi^ Ituttlt-s on the Lakes— 180» 15. The six years from the beginning of 1809 to the new year of 1815 form one of the moat interesting periods in Canadian history. They were marked by the first introduction of steamboat navi;:ation on inland waters in Canada, and also by the occurrence of one of the most fiercely waged wars and hotly c nte£>ted battles both by land and sea that England has ever been engaged in in con- junction with any of her dependencies. The first steamboat that ever floated on any waters or in any country appeared on the great River Hndson, in tha United States, in the year 1807. > he second sailed on Canadian waters in 1809, from and to Canadian porta. CannifF thus describes both vessels : — " The River Hudson, named after the navigator of that name, who ascended this splendid stream — called by the native In- dians 'The Great River of Mountains' — in 1609, has the honour of being the place whereon floated the first steamboat ihat existed in the world. The boat was lauich ed in the year 1807, being named Clermont. It was of 150 tons burden. The engine was procured from Birmingham. Robert Ful- ton, of New York, though not the origina- tor of steam power, was the first in America who directed it to the propelling of boats. Fulton, the pioneer in boats by steam, lived not long enough to see accomplished the grand end of propelling beat« across the Atlantic thus. He died in 1815. The secoud steamboat built in America was launched in Montreal 3rd November, 1809, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 835 irnod Cam- a« of fr." >r on I that ,f our U tl-.e cation ead of r is re- i which t were yeftr in , livera sailing power, hed fact w era in aB tli« of that •niM Ves- littles on ig of 1809 ; the moat i history, iroductioa waters in nee of one and hotly \ sea that iu in con- iiciea. The d on any Ipeared on hd United fcond sailed •cm and to icril^ss both built by John Molson, It was called Ac- commodation, and p ied between Montreal »ud Qiibbec. At the first trip it carried ten pas8en);eri from Montraal to Quebec, takini; thirtytiix hours. The whole city of Quebec came out to see her enter the harbour. The fare was ei ht dollars down and nine up." Of the vessels upon the lakes in 1809 and 1810 there are scarcely any rocorda. There was the liella Gore, in the latter year under the command of Captain Sanders, running between Nagara, York and Kingston. Another, com- manded by Captain Grace, the name of which was not K'ven, ran between the same ports ; while yet a third plied between York and Niagara, commanded by Captain Conn, and from some peculiarity in her shape often spoken of as Captain Conn's coffin. The ditticultiea expnrieuced in travelling from one portion of Canada to another in those days can hardly be even imagined by the younger generation of Canadians. They are accustomed to regard a trip to Montreal in a Pullman car or one of the iioating palaces of the lake as a luxury rather than a toil, yet this is a description (contained in " Can- niffa Upper Canada") of what travelling was here only three-quarters of a century since. He says : — " The following is a most interest- ing instance of batteaux travelling put in our hands by the Rev. Mr. Miles :— • I left Kingston on the 6th of April, 1811, hat as the travelling then was nob as it is now, I did not arrive in Montreal till the loth. I will just copy verbatim the journal I kept on my passage. Durham boats were scarce on the Canada 'side at that time, but it was thought if I could get to the American shore I would find one on its way to Montreal. Well, I found a man in Kin>;- 8ton just from Grindstone Island, who had hrought up some shingles and tar to sell, and he told me if 1 could get to Briton's Point, several miles down the river from Cape Vin- cent, and to which place he would take me, that he thought I would find a Durham boat ihere, and the following is my journal on lliat route ; " 'Grwdstone Island, April 11, 1811.— Left Kingston yesterday, April 6th, at 3 p.m., in an open skiiT, with R. Watson, a clerk in Dr. Jonas Abbott's store, and two handa belonging to theskiff; head wind; rowed hard till about eight in the evening, when, having blisti red both handa and being very much fatigued, we drew our akiff on shore and eamped on the shore of Long Island, abont five miles above Grindstone Islan \ ; wind strong from the north ; very cold and without victuals or fire ; feet wet ; slept Borne, walked some, and by daybreak was somewhat chilled ; strong head wind ; stuck close to our dear lodgings until eight, when the wind abated, and wo stuck to our oars till about eleven o'clock, when we made Grindstone Island, weary and very hungry ; eat a hearty dish of "sapon" and milk ; rested aijout an hour ; set off for Briton's tavern on the American shore, where we ar* lived about 4 p.m., the water being en- tirely calm ; ha 1 not been on shore ten minutes, aa good luck would hi^ve it, before we engaged a passage for Cornwall in a Durham boat, and a breeze coming up dir. ctly from the south, our American boats immediately hoisted sail and proceeded about thirty miles, when the wind chan:.:ed, and we put into a bay on Grenadier Island, about nine in the evening ; r.te some supper at a house owned by Mr. Baxter ; spread a sail upon the lloor, and aeven boatnie i and four passengers camped down before the fire ; iu the morning I felt my bones as though they had been lying on the soft side of a hard, rough floor. "April 8— Head wind still ; wished myself either at Kingston or Mon- treal. April 9— Still a head wind ; must take it as it comes ; reading and writing the order of the day ; at 7 p. m. hoisted sail ; at 1 a.m. arrived at a house on the Canada shore, and slept on the floor until daylight. April 10— Left for Oguensburg. where we arrived at ii p.m.; fo;indanold acquaintance and paised the afternoon quite agreeably. April 11— Had a good night's rest; still a head wind ; found the printing oitice and composed types the greater part of the day. April 12— Still a head wind April 18— Left Ogdenubur^ and arrived at Corn nail. April 14. — Left Cornwall and arrived at MoGee's, L^ke St. Francis. April 15 — Left McGee's ai .i arrived at Montreal about 8 ji.ni. 1 ravellinc expenses from Kingston to Montreal, $9 75.' " IXIT TOIlONTi) YAChT. Early in the summer uf 1812 the Toronto V: acht ceased to sail upon the lake. She was wrecked off the island opposite Toronto, and for many years a portion of her hull re- mained upon the beach. Before proceed ng to relate the his- tory of thd shipping upon the lakes during the war that broke oat in 1812 between Great Britain and the United States, it will be necessary to go back for a few yeara and ^'ive particulars relating to an Act of Cungresa passed by the Amei - can Legislature in the year 1807. This was known as the Embargo Act, and ia described by an American author aa one " laying an embargo on all shipping, foreign or domes- tic, in the porta of the United States, with specific cxceptiona." This Act waa passed by Congress with closed doors, in a session I '9 ''i I i r 83d LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I »>!•. :)• » M I "J f7' of four houii, in violation also of the usual inodM of Ugialativ* procedure. Tu again qaota oar previous authority, this Act pro- hibited " all vease s in the porta of the United States from sailing for any foreign port, except foreign ships in ballast or with cargoes taken on board before notification of the Aet, and coastwise vessels were required to give heavy bonds to laud their cargoes in the United States." It is added that " the little life left in American commerce under the pressure of the orders and decrees of the belligerents," who were France and Eng- land, " WAS utterly crushed out by this Act." At this time it must be noted there were many points cf dispute between the United States, France and Great Britain. By passing this Act the American Govern- meut hoped to bring such pressure to bear, on the latter power especially, as would cause her to yield in favor of America some at any rate of the disputed questions. But this is what really happened, and we again quota from a United .States writer : — " The French Government viewed it (the Embargo Act) as far more injurious in its effects upon Great Britain than upon them- selves, while England, feeling that her national character aud honor were at stake, and believing that she could endure the privations which the measure would inSict in both countries longer than America, proudly refused to yield a single point." We have described this Act thus fully so as to render more intelligible the references we shall be obliged to make to it in our istory of events upon the lakes during the next few years. On June otii, 1812, the schooner Lord Xelson, belonging to and owned by James and vVilliam Crooks, of Niagara, freighicd with flour and a general cargo, sailed from that place for Kingston. Leing found in American waters, she was captured by the Oneida under J^the command of Lieutenant Woolsey and condemned as a prize under ihe provisions of the Embargo Act. Two other schooners, namely, the Ontario and the Niagara, were in the same month also taken by the Americans. The former was speedily released but the latter was sold by her cap- tora. These acts naturally led to retaliatory tactics being adopted by the Canadians. When the news of the declaration of war reached Ogdeusburg on the St. Lawrence there were lying there eight American trading schooners. They naturally en- deavored to escape to the open waters of Lake Ontario, but a company of volunteers, about fifty in number, commanded by an enthnaiastic Canadian named Jones, chased them in open boats. They succeeded in cap- tnrinc; two of the fugitive vessels, named the Sophia and Island Queen, and after taking posaeaaion of their oontenta burnt them. Thia toolc place near Brock vi lie at the foot of the Thousand Isles. On July 29th, an attempt was made by the Uritiah fleet on the lakes to re-oaptura the Lord Nelaon, which waa lying under charge of the American vasael the Oneida, in Sackett's Harbour. Ihe attacking force aailed from Kingston under command of Commodore Earl, who had formerly commanded Toronto Yacht. It consisted of the following vaasela: Royal George, 26 guna ; Princa Regent, 22 ; Earl of Moira, 20 ; Simcoe, 12, and Seneca 4. The expedition waa not succesaful and waa attended by some loss of life and not a little damage to the Canadian ships. DECLARATION OF WAR. War had been formally declared by the President of the United States against Great Britain on June 19th, 1812. When the intelligence reached General Brock, who, in the absence of Lieutenant-Governor (>ore on leave to England, was Administrator or President of the Council, he was nl York. His first orders were on June 26th, 1812, sent to Captain Roberta, \^ ho was in com- mand of a small detachment of the 41st Regiment, quartered in the Block House on the Island of St. Joseph, in Lake Huron, about forty miles north-east of Mackinaw, or, as it haa been called previously in theso pages. Michillimackinac. These commands were to capture the fort at this place, it being the headquarters of the Indian fur trade. Captain Roberts set out, accompanied by o hundred and fifty voyagcurs, an armed schooner, the Caledonia, and his own com- pany of forty-six men, on his expedition. They sailed on July 16th in batteaux and canoes, and on approaching the fort sum- moned its occupants to surrender. This they did without iiring a shot or a life being lost on either side. General Brock next determined to make an attack upon and capture if possible Fort Detroit and so secure command of the lakes. Brock had crossed from York to JNiagara in a canoe, accompanied only by a friend and their boatman, and from the latter place the force intended for the attack upon Detroit set forth. They embarked on August 5th, 1812, and six days later were near Amherstburg, on Lake Erie The Kingston Gazette of Sep ember 19, 1812, contains the following general orders issued on that occasion : — GENERAL ORDER. Headquarters, cainp. Bank of Lake Erie. 15 milea s.w. Port Talbot, August 11, 1812, six o'clock p.m. The troops will hold themsehes in readi- ness, and will embark in the boats »t twelve o'clock this nigh . It is Major General Uking th«in. le foot th, an t on the which nerioan arbour, ingstoa •1, who Yacht. : Royal ! ; Earl neca 4. Ad was b a lUtl« 1 by the against When ock,who, Sovtrnor inistrator lit York. ,h, 1812, in com- the 4l8t House on 3 Huron, [ackinaw, f in the30 pommanda ^e,it being ur trade, ied by Etn armed own com- xpcdition. teaux and fort sum- er. This life being roek next upon and and so Brock had a canoe, and theii e the force Detroit set 5th, 1812. iherstburg, Gaz'-Ue of following sion : — ke Erie. 15 It 11, 1812, es in readi- _ at twelve jor General LANI>MARKS OF TORONTO. 837 Brock's positive orden that none of the boats go ahead <>£ that in which is the head- quarters, where a lirht will be shown dur- ing the night. The officers commanding the different boats will immediately inspect the arms and ammunition of the men, and see that they are constantly Uept in a state for immediate service. As the troops are now to pass through a part of the country which ia known to have been visited by the enemy's patrols, a captain with a subaltern and thirty men will mount as a picket upon the landing of the boats, and a sentry will be furnished for each boat, who must be regu- larly relieved, to take charge of the boat and bagga e. A patrol from the picket will be sent out on landing to a distance of a mile from the encampment I>y order of the Major-General J. B. Gleo(J, Major A.D.C. The next day General lirock issued an- other order emphasizing the one just quoted, and also drawing the kttention of officers commanding boats to the fact that : " A great part of the bank of the lake where the boats will this day pass is much more dangerous and diliicult of access than any we have passed ; the boats therefore will not land except in the moat extreme necessity, and then great care must be t.iken to choose the beat places for beaching. The troops being in the neighborhood of the enemy.every pre- caution must be taken to guard against surprise. By order of the Major-General. J. li. (iLEOr., Major A. D. C. When Brock arrived before Detroit, \s hich he did on August 15th, there were in the river the Briti-h gunboats Princess ('luir- lotte and Hunter. They opened fire ujioti the fort and were aided by a battery of live guns, which had been erected by the British on the side of the river, opposite Detroit. Next day the garrison capitulated to Brock and over two thousand men became prison- ers of war. A b ig called the Adams was also captured. Many of these were con- veyed by the two ships we have just named to Fort Erie, from thence to Quebec via Kingston, but as it was by the Qat bottomed boat and canoe that many of the troops had ascended to the head of the lake so by them many of the prisoners taken at Detroit were conveyed to Quebec. On August ISth Broc^ sailed for Fort Erie in the Charlotte, and on August 22nd arrived in York. l^'rom York Brock proceeded to Kingston, where he remained until September 5lh, whtu he left there for Niagara, again mak- ing the journey, it is believed, in a canoa This was the last voyage, excepting tne to Detroit, on October 9th, the gallant soldier made. Just after the departure of Brock from Kingston a naval engagement took place near Johnstown. In reference thereto the Kingston Chronicle of September 19tb, 1812, contains this paragraph: "On the 16th inst," three days earlier "A brigade of boats under convoy of two companies of the Newfoundland regiment, And a detachment of the 49th and of the Veterans, were attack- ed by the Americans about twe ve miles be- low .lohnstown." This attack, it seems, did not terminate to the advantage of the as- sailants, for they lost to the Canadians one of their Durham boats and had more than twenty men killed and wounded. By a later paragraph in the same paper it appears thst all the boats al'ove referred to arrived safe- ly at Prescott on the morning of Septemb r 17th. TWO VESSELS CAPTdRED. In the early morning of October 9th, in this year, the Americans succeeded in cap- turing from the Canadians, on Lake Erie, two vessels, namely theDetroit and the Cale- donia. The first was the brig that formed part of the spoils taken by Brock when Fort Detroit surrendered and her name waa changed from the Adams to Detroit in honor of the victory. She was under the command of Lieutenant Rolette. The second was the prop rty of the North-west Com- pany and carried a valuable cargo in the shape of furs. i be Detroit carried six guns and a crew of fifty-six men. She had also thirty American prisoners on board. The t aledonia had two guns, twelve men and jilso had a few prisoners. The capture was effected at Black Rock on Lake iirie by Lieutenant Jesse D. Elliott. U. S. N. The victors thonis, Ives confess tliat they accomplisheU it by surprise. Later in the day the Detroit, beins; within reach of the guns of Fort Erie, was so severely cannonad- ed t at the cable was cut by the Americans and she drifted down the river Detroit to the western side of Squaw Island near the American shore. She was at once boarded by a party of soldiers of the 49tli rep^im'/nt British infantry stationed at Fort Erie. They were compelled to abandon her after a hotly contested figlit. Just as night waa approach- ing General Brock arrived from Nia.ara and, supported by the j,'uns of the armed schooner Lady Prevost, made an attempt to re-capture her. To prevent this happening she was set fire to by the Ameri- cans, and was burned to the water's edge. The Canadian loss in this action h.^s never bet n accurately ascert lined. 1 he Ameri- cans reported theirs as two killed and five \P^ 1 , ■n t l.;.;,fe. K l:S ' ': 838 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. wounded. Tha 1 sb of the Caledonia was a serious one, the value of her car<:;o bcinj; estimated at no less than |200,(>U(). It need hardly be said tlio United States Gov- ernment exulted, while General Brock lo- yarded it very seriously. In a letter to Sir George Prevost, dated October Ilth, written but two days before his deatn, he s lys :— " The event is particulaily uufortun ae, and may reduce us to incalculable distress. The enemy is making every exertion to gain a naval laperiority on both lakes, which, if they accomplish it, I do not see how we can possibly retain the country." DtATH OF BROCK. On October l^Uii following, took place the battle of Queenston Heights, when General Brock and his A. D.C. Colonel McDoucLl fell, like the gallant soldiers they were, with their faces to the enemy. The Simcoe, under command of Captain James Ricliard- son, took the news to York. The following is the account given of hi* arrival in the har- bor from Dr. Scadding'a '"Toronto of Old." Ho lays : — "The Moira was lying olf the Garrison at York when the Simcoe transport came in sight filled with prisoners taken on Queen- ston Heights, and bringing the first intclli- <^enoe ot the death of General Brock. We have heard the Rev. Dr. Richardson, of Toront'i, who at the time was sailing master of the Moira under Captain Sampson, de- scribe the scene. The approaching schooner was recognized at a distance as the Simcoe. It was a vessel owned and commanded at the moment, by Dr. Richardson's father, Captain James Richardson. Mr. Richard- son accordingly speedily put off in a boat from the Moira to learn the news. He was first startled at tbe crowded appearance of the Simcoe's deck, and at the unwonted guise of kis father, who came to the gang- way conspicuously girt with a sword. ' A great battle had been fought,'' he was told, 'on Queenston Heights. The enemy had been beaten. The Simcoe was full ot prison- ers of war, to be transferred instanter to the Moira for conveyance to Kingston. General Brock was killed.' '- Elated with the first portion of the news. Dr. Richardson spoke of the thrill of dismay which followed the closing announce- ment as something indescribable and never to be forgotten." At this time the following gunboats were upon Lake Ontario — the Earl of Moira, 20 iruns ; the Duke of Gloucester, 14 guns ; the Prince Regent, 22 guns ; the Royal (ieorge, 26 guns ; the Simcoe, 12 guns ; the Seneca 4, the Priaceas Charlotte and the General Hunter. On November 9tb, 1812, a naval encounter between the American and Canadian Navy took place near Kingston. ConiiiioJore Chauncey, of the U. S. Navy, on board the Oneida, with several other vessels, lying off the "Ducks," on the evening of the previous day, hoping to intercept the Eng- lish fleet, composed of the Royal George, of twenty-six guns, under the command of Captain Popham, the Duke of Gloucester, of fourteen guns, and the Pnncc Regent, of twenty-two guns, who were returning from Niagara. These vessels reached the Bay of Quinte safely during the night of November 8th and were proceed- ing on the following morning on their jour- ney to Kingston whenChauncey encountered them. A battle which lasted tor more than two hours ensued, and which ended by the Americans retreating to Sackett s Har- 1 or. On their way thitherwards the Oneida fell in with the British vessel, the Earl of Moira, actine as an escort to a sloop which had on board General Brock's plate, bookH and other private effects. These were all captured, but subsequently, to the honor of Chauncey, restored to the general's repre- sentatives. As the American vessels were returning to Sackett's Harbor they discov- ered the schooner Seneca, under the com- mand of Captain Richardson, trying to make her way into Kingston. They prompt- ly fired into her. Richardson tried first of all to run his vessel on to Amherst Isle; that failed. He then essayed to get into port, but almost as he reached safety a 32-pounder struck the ship and she sank, the crew firing their only musket as she went down. She was afterwards raised, and sailed for some years longer. CAPTURE OF YORK. This was the final contest oa the lakes in 1812. Winter set in and hostilities were for the time suspended. But in the following May, Chauncey, who has just been referred to, appeared before York in command of a hostile fieet of 14 vessels. He was opposed on the lake only by the British vessel the Duke of Gloucester, which was at once cap- tured. A schooner which belonged to Joseph Kendrick, called the Hunter, wm also encountered and destroyed by the Americans. The Prince Regent had sailed from York for Kingston on April 24th pre- viously, and so in all hnman probability escaped capture. The frmraes of two ships were on the stocks at the time York capitu- lated. They were destroyed by the order of General Sheafie, who was la command of the garrison. Captain Sanders, who had pre- viously commanded the schooner Bella Gore, was killed in action at tke same tinoe. Less than a month after tiie eremta just chronicled had taken place at York, the Navy ridore , the ngoff E the Eng- Borg«. tmand jester, ent, of 5 from iay of :it of :oceed- r jour- inter«d : more ided by IS Har- Oueida Earl of p wbich B, bookt* were all bonof of 's repre- els were y disooT- ,he com- fy ing to • prompt- d first of Isle; that port, but Ipounder rew tiring irn. She for Boine • l&kes in were for following referred mand of a 3 opposed reisel the once cap- longed to nter, WM d by th« had sailed 24th pre- irobability two ships jrk capitu- h« order of land of the J had pre- B«ll» Go'«» id eveata just York, tho LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 83!) naral commander-iachiaf upon the lakes, Sir James 1^. Yeo, having been re-inforc<*d by 500 English seamen, actins; nuder iu- Btructiona from Sir George Preroit, deter- mined to make a d«scent from Kingston upon Sockett's Harbor and destroy the naval stores there as well as any veHsels iu course of construction. On May 27th the British fleet of six vessels, mounting' alto- gether more than one hundred guna, to- gether with a number of batteaux, carrying nearly one thousand troops and commanded by Sir George Prevosc in person, sailed from Kingston for Sackett's Harbor, where it arrivod about mid-day on the 28th. Sir George, after making a reconnaissance, con- sidered the place too strong to be oipturod by the force under his command and ordered Sir James Ye > to make sail for Kingston. Forty Indians had accompanied the fleet from Kingston, and they, not knowing why the troops had not landed nor why the ships did not open fire upon ihe harbor, rowed direct for th* shore, with the intention of attacking the Ameri- cana. Their appearance so terrified a troop of dismounted cavalrymen who were on shore that the latter raised a white flag in token of surrender. They were at once conveyed to the Canadian ships as prisoners of war. Sir George Prevost, as soon as he learned of this incident, conclud- ed that the Americans were l«ss formidable than he supposf d, and countermanded the order given for the fleet to return to Kings- ton. The troops landed and attacked the place, but they were unsupported by the fleet, and the attack failed. The ships encaged in this enterprise wore a new one, the Wolfe, of 24 guns, just completed, besides the Royal George and the Karl of Moira, and the schooners Prince liegeut, Simcofl and Seneca. The GovernorGeueral Sir Georgo Prevost, was with Yeo on his flagship the Wolfe. The loss of life on both sides was very heavy, the British having no less than 48 killed and more than 200 wounded. A few days later than this, on June 6th, Sir James Veo succeeded iu cap- turing at Stoney Creek seventeen batteaux loaded with supplies for the Americans. On August 8th, Sir James Yeo with six ships appeared off Niagara in the hope of engag- ing Channcey, commandini; the American fleet there stationed, consisting of four- teen vessels. One single broadside was fired by Chauncey, and he then retired ander cover of tho guns on shore. The whole of the following day each commander manoeurred to gain the advantage, and on the morning of the 10th Yeo, considering the odds were in his favor, bore down upon Chauncey, intending to attaok him, But the latter declined tlm I attle and retired to Niagara. Two schooners, though, belong ing to the fleet, namely the Julia and tlio Growler, were captured by the llritish. During this engagement no lives were lost by the British and it is believed but few if any by the Americans. ■bib's vamuus battlc. On Soptombar 10th, 1813, took place the memorable battle on Lake Erie between the American and Brit- ish squadrons. The former was under the command of Commodore Perry, U.S.N, the latter under that of Commander Bar- clay, R.N. Harolay's force consisted of the Detroit, flagship, of 19 guns~ahe was a new vessel and had only just been put upon the lake ; the Chippewa, carrying two swivel guns and one long 18-peunder on a pivot ; the brig Hunter, of 10 guns ; the Queen Charlotte, 17 — she was under com- mand of Captain Finnis ; the Lady Prevost, 13, and the Little i^elt, of three guna. The United States fleet comprised nine ves- seh, namely Perry's ship, the Lawrence, of 20 cans ; the Scorpion, 2 ; the Caledonian. 3— this vessel had previously been captured from the Canadians ; the Niagara, 20 ; the Ariel, 4; the Trippe, Tigress, Ohio and Porcupine, of one gun each. The Am- ericans had fewer guns than tho Canadians, but they were of heavier calibre. Their ships, too, were well manned by nearly six hundred picked men of tho American merchant service. The Canadians on the other hand had only fifty experienced sea- men among their six ships, while the rest of the crews were made up of two hundred and forty soldiers and eighty wholly untrained voluntet r sailors. The ships did not come to close quarters until about eleven o'clock in the morning, then for more than four hours the battle continued. For some little time during the earlier part of the engage- ment the ad vans. I ge was wholly with ti\o Canadians. The guns from Barclay's ship ha 1 not only silenced those of the Lawrence but also disabled her. Of her crew of one hundred and three men no less than twenty- two had been killed and sixty-one wounded. Perry, perceiving his ship was useless, de- termined to abandon her. Wrapping his commodore's flag around him, ho, iu an open boat, mada for the Niagara which he reached safely and was received on deck by her astounded commander. Captain Elliott. The latter, actin;; upon orders from Perry, put ofl from h B ship in a small boat to bring the other American vessels into action. About this time the wind changed, then was seen how lamentably de- ficient Barclay was in efficient aaa- men. His vessels from that cause soon b*- r ■/ 1 ,1 : ••il :i ', 840 LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. cam* unmanageabU. The Detroit and Quctn Charlotte were entansled and the Lady Prevoit was wholly diiabled. Barelay oom- mandiiig the Detroit waa seriously wounded. Finnie, the captain of the Charlotte, waa killed, and all the other offioera and three- fourths of the men were killed or wounded, it was not possible for Barclay to continue the fight with any hope of success, and at three o'clock in the afternoon his flai{ was lowered on the Detroit and the whole fleet capitulated. In this terrible encounter the Americans lost twenty-seren killed, and ninety-six wounded ; the Canadians forty one killed and ninety-four wounded. The ralue of the ships taken by the Americans was 1226,000, an enormous sum for those days, but a more trifle as compared with the cost of one single iron clad cruiser in these. Harclay was paroled at firut, then exchanged. Immediately this was elTected he, by the rules of the service, was tried by court martial for the loss of the ships, the result bein^ that he was fully and honourably acquitted of all blame. CHAUNCKY AGAIN DKFKATKD. During the later days of Septembei an engagement took place near Burlington Bay between Chauncey and Yeo. The former had five Tessela under his command, the latter two, namely the Wolfe and the Royal George. This ended to the entire discomfiture of the Americans and they again retired to Niaeara. On October 5th Chauncey, hav in,' sailed from Niagara east- ward, succeed- ed in capturing off the Dacks, the British transports Coniiance, Hamilton, Mary and Lady Gore, besides the Drummond cutter. But it must be noted that the Confiance and Hamilton were the Growler and Julia, which had on August 10th, been taken by the British from the Amerioans,and their names changed by their captors. During the rest of this year Sir James Yeo remained inac- tive at Kingston. During the winter of 1813 and early spring of 1814 the British, at Kingston and the Americans at Sackett's Harbor had been unceasing in their pre- parations to secure the command of the lake. Ihis object was deemed of such paramount importance by both Govern- ments that while the English withdrew both officers and men from service on the ocean for duty eo tiie lakes the Americans not only did likewise but added twenty-five per eent to the pay of those so employed. On May 4th, 1814 Sir James Yeo, with a fleet of eigkt vessels, sailed from Kingston with the intention of making an attack upon Oswego. Chauncey, the American naval commander, was with hia fleet at Sackett'e Hart>or, but, though he was aware of Yeo's designs upon Oswego, h< did not attempt to intereept and attack him. Arrived before Oswego the attacking foree landed, and after a gallant resistance on the part of its defenders, suooceded in wholly subduing it. All the stores and munitions of war in the fort were taken, and it and the barracks destroyed. The naval stores had been removed to Onondago Falls, several miles above Oswego, and thns esciped cap- ture, though Yeo, on Mav 29th, made an attempt to become possessed of them, which waa unsuccessful. The British vessels en- gaged in this enterprise were the Star, Cher- well, Magnet, Chariot e, Prince Regent, Montreal and sevt ral gunboats. The loss of life was very severe on both sides The British had nineteen killed and seventy-five wounded ak:d tbi Americans bad six killed and sixty-three wounded and missing. Among the English officers who were wounded were Captains Mulcaster and Popham of the Charlotte and Montreal respectively. In June the fort at Sodus Bay was cap- tured by the fleet under command of Sir James Lucas Yeo, and a large quantity of stores of various kinds came iiilo the hands of the captors. The loss of life on both sides on this occasion was very small. NAVAL COURT MARTIAL. Arising out of the attack upon Oswego, there is reported in the Kingston Oczette, of Nov. 7tta, 1815, the proceedings of a naval court martial, held August 14th, 1815, in Portsmouth, England, for tho trial of Captain Popham, of the Montreal, on the following charge : — " For having, contrary to a verbal order of Commodore Sir James Lucas Y'eo, at- tacked a flotilla of American boats in a creek on the Lake, which were proceeding from Osweqo to Sacktct's Harbor, with stores of every description for the equipment ot a large ship that was building in the latter harbour." The court decided that as lie had been re- inforced after the Commodore's order Capt. Popham was justified in making the attack he did ani acquitted liim. "They at the same lime severely ^uimadverted upon the ^relations that apprrently existed between Sir James Yeo and nis subordinate, Captain Popham. On August 12th, 1814, Captain Dobbs, of the Royal Navy, captured two American gunboats, the Ohio and the Somers, off Fort Erie. There was a tliird gunboat in com- pany with these two, the PorcuiuBe, but she made her escape. This feat m as achieved by Captain Dodds < with but seventy- five men in open boats. The prizes were conveyed to Chippawa. About the same time as the events abov* LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Ml been le- ier Cap*, he attack ly at the upon the between I, Captain alluded to, the Americans made an un- nuooeMful attempt to repoiMH themielves of Michillimackinac. Their fleet ooniieted of five TeaMli, namely Niagara, Caledonia, Si Lawrence, Soorpion and Tigreu. Iheie ■hipe had returned to Detroit about the end of Anenet. At the oloee of September Sir Jamee Yeo had completed and launched hie fanioua ship of 100 guns, the St. Lawrence, but there was no real need for her now, as the war was Tirtually if not actually over. Sir Jamee Yeo was now matter of the lake, for in addition to the St. Lawrence he had under bis command four ships, two brigs, and a schooner. In St. Mark's churoh, Niagara, on its eastern wall is a tablet to the memory of : CAPTAIN CiOPUBSTON RADCLIFFB, R. N., who fell whilst gallantly boarding one of tiie enemy's schooners at anchor off Fort Erie on the night of the 12th August, 1814. He was * native of Devonshire. This stone is erected at the request of his brother and sisters by their nephew, W. P. Radcliffe, H. M. XX Regiment. This was one more of the many useful lives lost gallantly in the prosecution of a worse than useless war. No further encounters took place between the two fleets ; peace was shortly afterwards concluded and with peace in the country, this portion of the history of the lake vessels terminates. CHAPTER CCXL. A New Bra— Feace Helgns In the I.and— Mercaatlle Baterprlse Kevlves-181K (• 1819, As soon as hostilities between Great Britain and the United Statea had eeased, many claims were made by non-combatants en both sides for compensation for losses or injuries inflicted upon them owing to the war. One of these made upon the British by an American firm of produce brokers and ad- dressed to Sir James L. Yeo brought from that gallant admiral the following reply : — H. M. S. St. Lawrence, Kingston, 8th March, 181&. Obntlembn.— I hare received jour letter of the Sdtb of February, stating that in the spring of 1813 you had 100 barrels of flour in the store of Nathaniel Merril, at Sodus Bay, on Lake Ontario, for the purpose of transporting the ■ame to the village of Ogdensburg, fo.' the use of the inbabitanu of that vicinity, but when Sodas Bay ww captured In the month of June laat by the fleet under my command, the said 900 barrels were taken on board, and requesting I would cavse yon to be compensated for the loss you have thus sustained. la return to which I beg leave to observe, that Irosa the respectable channel through which it was forwarded to nie, I have no doubt your statement may be correct. I rouret it does not come within my power to oomply with your request, from the length of lime which has elapsed and the sale and dis- tribution of the property. 1 have, therefore, only to recommend you. gentlemen, to lay the case before su'h Com- missioner or Uoard as may hereafter be ap- pointed by our respective Oovemments to in- vestigate similar claims. I am. gentlemen. lour most obedient humble servant. J AMIS Lucas Yea The writer of this letter appears to be almost att proficient in concealing his exact meaning and being strictly non-committal in what he does say as a certain astute states- man who is sometimes known as "an old Parliamentary hand." Peace having been concluded between the United States and Great Britain, and Can- adians, having no longer invasion by a foreign power to fear, nor the necessity of taking up arms in defence of their hor.tea forced upon them, naturally turned their thoughts in 1815 to improving; the means of internal communication, both by land and water, throughout the country. A steam- boat had, as has already been seen, appeared upon the St. Lawrence in 1809, but the calamitous troubles of 1812 and the next few years put an end for a time to com- mercial enterprise of every description, ex- cepting such as was connected with ship building for warlike purposes and the supply of food, cloihin:; and other neces- saries for nie troops. In the autumn of 1815 the consttuction of the first steamboat in Upper Canada was commenced (the Accom- modation, though sailing on the St. Lawrence six years previously, being of American build). Of this steamer, afterwards ca led the Frontenac, much more will be said presently. The passenger traffic on the Inkes in this year was carried on much as before the war. Running be- tween York and Niagara wore two schooners named the Dove and Reindeer, the latter under command of Capt. .Vlyere, There also ran from Kingston to Sackett's Harbor a fast sailing schooner called the Kingston Packet. Her captain was James Chapman, and the fare each way was two dollars. NEW WAR VESSELS. The following notice appeared in the London (England), Gazette of August 2lBt, 1815:- "In order to secure to us the possession of Canada in case of a rupture with the United States, the Government has give* orders to build upon the lakes new vessels and gunboats suitable for the navigation of those waters. Everything necessary for the arming and equipment of those veeieis ie preparing in Englaad." I 'Pi !•■ ; '■in ;i 'i^ I 842 LAN DxM ARKS OF TORONTO. :i¥ n '■\. Towards the cloao ot this year, on September '25th, Lieuteiiant-Cioverucxr Gore returned to York after his four years' »bsenc« in England. The gun- boat Montreal, then lyinj^ in the liatbor, dred n salute in his honor. Still later can be tound in the Kingston Gazette, of No- vember '25tli, the following paiayraph : — "Wo learn with pleasure that a steani- boat is about being built in this place to ply between Kingston and Presuott The shares, wo un lerstand, are already taken up, u lid th'! work is to be commenced im- niedialely." The Gazette then proceeds to quott^ from the Montreal Gazette of Novem- ber 13th, previously, some of the advantages, these being principally the extension of trade, likely to arise to the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada as the result of this utfdertaking. In November, 1315, the Montreal Gazette noticea tl.e 1 unch there of whi'.t is describad as that •'elegant steamboat, the Car of Commerce, in the prosence of an immense crowa of spectators." 8hc was intended for the vatera of the Lower St. Lawrence, between Montreal and Quebec. Early in the year 1816, on April 6, the following information ix given in the columns of th Kingston Gazette : — " The House of Representatives at New York has rejected* bill for incorporating a steamboat comjvaiiy for Lake Ontario. Veaa 49, nays "'x" On the opening of navigation in May, 1816, th schooner Perseverance began plying as a passenger packet, under the command of Captain J. G. Parker, between Kingston and Sackett's Harbor, probably in opposi- tion to Chapman's vessel, the Kiagston Packet. THE FIBST STEAMBOAT. The fact has already been referred to that in the previous October a steamboat, the lirst built in Upper Canada, had been com- menced near Kingston. The follow- ing account of the circumstances attending her construction is taken from "The Settlement of Upper Canada," the bay re- ferred to is tliat of Quiute : — The first steamboat on Lake Ontario, tho Frontenac, wa.«i built upon the shores of the bay, at Fiuklce Point, Ernesttown, eighteen miles from Kincsion, and within the corporation of liath. She was com- ineviced in Octobe;-, 1815, and launched the following season. The thrre years of war had caused many changes in Upper Canada. On the whole it may ba said that the war materially benefitted the province. .After peace things did not reiapss into their former state. A spirit of enterprise was abroad, especially in the mercantile community. Ihe leading men of Kingston conceived the idea of forming a company to build a steamboat to ply on Lake Ontario and the navigable waters of the St. Law- rence. A company was consequently formed composed of individuals belonging to King- ston, Niagara, Queenaton, Y'^ork and Pres cott The shareliolders of Kingston were Joseph Fo'-syth, Yeonians, Marsh, Law- rence, Herkimer, John Kirby, Capt. Mur- uey, William Mitchell, and, in fact, all of the principal men e.xcept the Cartwright family. Advriisements were issued for tenders to construct the boat. The advcr- tisemer- was i-esponded to by two piirlies, a Scotchman by the name of Bruce, from Montreal, and Henry Teabout,froni Sackett's Harbor. Bruce was several days at King- ston before the other person arrived, and he supposed he would got the contract. Mr. Finkle says Teabout came with a letter from Hooker and Crane to .Johns and Finkle, in- forming thin who Teabout was, and asking them to favor him with their influence in procuring the contract. The letter was shown to Mr. Kirby, of Kin^jston, who was one of the committee of the company. Mr. Kirby assured Finkle and Johns that, not- withstanaing the prejudice which existed on account of the war, the tender of Tea- bout should receive every justice. No other tender being made, the committee met and decided by a small majority to accept Tea bout's. AH those who voted for Ihucn " were either Scotcli or of Scottish descent." Teabout harin.' received the contract, at once, with Finkle, set about to find a place to build. After two days' examination of the coast he selected Fiukle's Point, in con- sequence of the gravelly nature of the shore, as thereby would be obviated the delay which frequently followed rains, where soils would not quickly dry. The next con- sideration was to advance £5,0 iO to go to New York to procure a ship carpenter and other necessaries to commence operations. " .Accordingly we (.Johns and Finkle) became security, with the undrrstanding that so soon as the boa: should be sr far adranced as to be considered worth the security, oar bond will be returned. So satisfactorily did the work progress thit thn bond was shortly handed to us by the Treasurer, who was \N'illiam Mitchell. Here I will digress a short time. Durius' tho war of 181'i David Eckford, the m ister ship builder of New V^ork, was sent to Sackett's Harbor t j take charge of tiie shipbuilding at that place and breught with him his carpenters Among them were three young men, Henry Teabout, James Chapman and William Smith. The lasi was born on Staten Island, the other two in New Y'ork. Teabout and hi w f m O 843 ita .1 *J 'I f m iU « m il 844 LANDMARKS OF K.ROMTO. Smith served their time with Eckford. Chapmau wr s a block turner. At the close of the war these three formed a co-partner- ship, and Teabout, in contracting for build- ing the Frontenac, was p.cling for the com- pany. Before biiilding the steamboat they had built for themsolTeb at Sackett's Har- bor, the Kingston, the only craft plying between Sackett's Harbor and Kingston, and a fine schooner for the lake called the sVoolsley. Cnapman was in charge of the Kingston and was doing a more than ordinarily profitable business. Rruce's friends wished to do 8om«thing for him and had him appointed at :i gainea % day to inspect the timber of the Frontenac. His i>udy was to delay the building of ti^e boat. There was a constant contest botVi .^en him and Teabout. " The contract price of the wood work wa?3 £7,000. When the boat /as almost ready for the machinery the coutractor's funds were expended. The engine cost £7,000. Before the vefssel was completed the cost reached nearly the sum of £2(>,0C/0, THR STKAMKR LAUNCHED. The Kints. D. Kingston to Ernesttown 10 " New Castle \ 15 " Yorkand Niagara, .. . o •' Burlington .■? 10 " Prescott I 10 Prescott to York and Niagara .... 4 " Burlington 4 10 York to Niagara 1 No information is given as to the days on which the Frontenac mailed to and from Kingston and PrescotU BRIE 3 FIRST STEAMER. The first steamboat built to ply on Lake Erie was Walkin'the-Water.built at Buffalo at the same time the Frontenac was commenced at Kingston, beginning her almost the same period as the at voyages former. Referring mentione I to the Kingston, the resiel as having been built by Teabout and Chapman, at Sackett's Harbor. She was meant to run from Lewiston to Ogdensburg, her length was one hundred and her width twenty-four feet, her burthen being about 246 tons. She appears to have been a failure and speedily disappeared. The arrival at Ernesttown of the ma- chinery for a second steamer has already been referred to. She was named the Queen (Jharlotte, and was launched April 22iid, 1818, the Frontenac having resumed her trips for the season, navigation baring BTflAMKR W^AI.KIN-THE-W.4TER. rn " Just at the end of this year, on December 16, is noted " the arrival au the port of Brnesttown of the machinery of a new steamboat which is upon the stocks at that village, at the same shipyard where the Frontennc steamboat was built." The King- ston Gazette, from which this extract is taken, goes on to observe that : " The buildin? of the only two steam vessels on the Canadian side of the lake at the same place is a proof that the builders think it a favorable situation for shipbuilding." It proceeds then to impress upon the people of Ernesttown the necesaity that exists for them to provide a good wharf for the accommodation of ships sailing from or calling at that port. re opened, three days earlier, on April 19Lh. The following additional details concern ing her are given by Canniff. " Almost immediately after the Fron- tenac was launched a second steamboat was commenced. The material which had been collected while building the Frontenac had not all been used, and went far in the con structiou of the Queen Charlotte, which was destined to be the pioneer steamer upon the Bay Quinte and River St. L«wrence in its upper waters. She was built by shares of £5D each. Johns and Finkle had nine shares. She was built (Gildersleeve, beini; the principal shipwright), launched, and commenced running in the early part of LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. H47 Lake iufifalo was ig her as the ▼estel Ifc by [arbor. ton to uudrod jurthen to have ed. he ma- »1 ready led the 1 April resumed I haTing '.y' ^riLL. The Kincsioo Gazette, in its impression of May 12tL contains the following paragraph. dated York, April 30, relating; that : — " Captain Patterson, of the schooner May Flower, laat week tried in this harbor the power of a machine which he haa invented for propelling small vi sieli in light winds or to work out of harbor with a contrary wind. The experiment completely answered his expectations, the vessel proceeding with a comparatively small power at the rate of three knots, or miles, per hour, and he feels confident that when the machinery is com- plete it will perform at the rate of five miles per hour." This is the first reference to the schooner named herein, also to the machine of Captain Patterson's inven tion. It is also the last, so it may be presumed it was not a very great success The saint- paper contains an advertisement from the Assistant Commissary General's office offer- ing for sale " a number of batteaux and Durham boats, with their appurtenances," also a "second-hand cable." On May 8th the Frontenac arrived at Kingston from Niagara, having on board two companies of the 70th regiment. The following week, ;>lay 19th, the Gazette mentions the fact that the stage betweer. Kingston and Prescoit had been discontinued, adding, " This would be more regretted had not the new steam boat Charlotte now commenced runnins up and down the river, so that travellers on tills route may be accommodated with a safe and agreeable passage by water instead of the former carriage by land." A terribl'> storm .swept over Lake Ontario in the middle of this month. The Gazette thus refers to it: — " The steamboat Ontario, which was, in the recent storm, driven on a ledge of flat rod-: near Oswo o, has been got off and ar- rived here this morningr. ' The paper a d.« that the damage, though not inconsiderable, is less tlian was anticipated, and concludes its remarks thus: — " It is expected she will be ready for furth' r operatiuiis in a week or ortnight ..t the fartherest (s/'c) " The On taria was an American vessel, belonging in Sackett's Harbor. As soon as navigation opened in 1819 the Frontenac is again nieniioneil, for the Kingston Chronidn, April 30th, contains tiiis advertisement: — " The steamboat Frontenac, James Mc- K n/.ie, Master, will in future leave Che diil'erent ports on the following days : — "Kingston for York on 1st, 11th and 2r)tli days <'f each month. York for Queens- ton oil .3rd, 13th and 23rd days of each month. Niagara for Kingston, 5th, loth and 25th days of each month. "Rates of passages from Kingston to York and Niagara £',i. From York to Niagara £1 ; children under three years of age half price, above three and under ton ihat :— r May lor the tvented winds ontrary iswered ng with rate of he feels is com- va miles eference also to i inven iresumed lie saint' rem the ce offer- iAMX and inances," May 8th on from paniea of icr week, fact that Prescoit his would w steam inninc up ■ellers on d with a •r instead A terribl> he middle refers to liich was, Jge of flat and ar- iper a ds siderable, concludes she will a week or The On ■onging to in 1819 for the contains ames Mc leave the ays : — 11th and for Queens- 8 of each 5th, loili iiif^ston to II York to ee years of under ten LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. S49 I two-thirds. A book will be kept for entering the names of passengers and the berths which they may choose, at which time the passage money must be paid. Passengers are allowed eighty pounds v\ eight of baggacie. Surplus baggage will be paid for at the usual rate. Gentlemen's servants cannot eat or sleep in the cabins. Deck passengers will pay fifteen ahillint;s, and may either bring their own provisions or be furnished by the steward. For each dog brought on board five shillings. All applications for passage to be made to Captain McKenzie on board." The advertisement then gives particulars as to the charges for freight, concluding : — "For each small parcel, 2s 6d, which must be paid on delivery." The date is "King- ston, April 28, 1819." RATES AND CHAKUES. A few weeks previously to the date of the foregoing advertisement, the following notice was issued by a syndicate who were "running" a line of Durham boats. In it the Frontenac is referred to by name and the Charlotte by inference. It is thus worded : — "The subscribers, having established a line of Durhnra boats from this place, pro- pose forwarding from the different ports of the lake to that of Montreal on the following terms, viz.: — "From York, Niagara, Queenston and the head of the lake, fer each barrel of flour delivered at the port of Montreal, 58 6d. " From Kingston to the port of Montreal, for each barrel of flour, 43 6d. "From York, Niagara, Queenston and the head of the lake, for each barrel of potash delivered at the port of Montreal, 123 6d. " From Kingston to the port of Montreal, for each barrel of potash, 10s. "From York, Niagara, Queenston and the head of the lake, for each barrel of pork delivered at the port of Montreal, 8s 3d. " From Kingston to the port of Montreal, for each barrel of pork, 6s 9d. " Merchandise will be transported bj the Bume means from Lachine to Kingston, at the rate of Ss per swt. " An elegant passage boat will also leave Kingston every tenth day for Montreal, which will be fitted up in the most com- modious manner and prevent any delay to passengers leaving the upper part of the lake in the steamboat Frontenac, it having been built for the purpose of leaving this place immediately after her arrival. " These arrangcmtnts will take etfect at the opening of the navigation, and be con- tinued during the season. " TuoHAa Markland, •* Pktbr Smith, "Lawrenob Hkrkimer, " John Kbkby, '• William Mitchell " Kingston, February, 1819." 1 here weia on the lake in the year 1819, besiles the sailing vessels already mentioned, the Wood Duck, apparently a small schooner, the Red Rover, (Captain Thew), and the Britannia, the property of Matthew Crooks, of Niagara, (the was splendidly modelled, of 120 tons burthen, and was under command of Captain Miller. In addition to these we find at various times from 1815 to 1819, the Jane, auder Robert Hughson, the Willing Maid, John Smith, and the Asp, under George Miller, The May Flower also still plied from York to Niagara and Kingston. A new steamer, known as the Dalhousie, was commenced in 1819, which will be de- scribed fully in the next chapter. CHAPTER CCXLI. A ProRresslve Enterprise— Tbe March of Improvement— ilore Steamers and. More Trade-181» to 1837. lu ih" preceding chapter a very brief refer- ence was made to the Dalhousie as being a new addition to the fieet of steamers on the lake. She v. as built at Prescott, ran from that port to Kingston, and was a large steamer of 350 tons burthen. There was a very well known schooner on the lakes about 1820 called the John Watkins ; she was afterwards commanded by Captain Thew. This gentleman once found himself in an awkward position In consequence of flying from his masthead an ensign which vessels of the Royal Navy alone hvo the right to carry. iShe, to his great amazement, wlieu lying off Kingston, was boarded by an oflicer and detachment of marines from an English man-of-war ad- jacent, and his colourr confiscated. They were, however, soon afterwards restored to him upon his representing to the Amiralty that thoy had been displayed inadvertently. As a matter ot fact the flags had been a present ta Captain Thew from Mr. Thomas Dennie Harris, of Toronto. This gentleman was the well-known nierchant of King srreel west. His place of business wad situated at the warehouse known as No. 124. He retired from business some years later, and at his death was harbor master of the city. The Lady Sarah Maitland was another of the lake schooners, Sinclak- was her captain. Like others of those who commanded sailing craft he afterwards had charge of a steamer. '\W . <■■; I II ( 'I I KM f ' r 1 ft ; ? 3 I 8S0 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. This scliooncr rcceiveil her name in coiiipli- meiit to the wife of Sir I'»:regriue Maitlaml. Lieutenant-Go vcriior of Upper (.'auada for nearly ten years. Lady Sarah was a daaghterof the Duke of Richmond and was ono of the *' fair women " who were at the celeVjratcd ball given in Urusscls by tlie Duchess of Riclunond on the eve of Waterloo. Early in 1820 a schooner known as The Brothers, built for a joint stock company, of which Mr. Oates m as one of tUe principal shareholders, was launched at York. No such event had taken place for a number of years previously. There was another small vessel called the Caledonia. She ran between York and Prescott, or crawled rather, as it took her no less than si.x days on one occa- sion, and iliat in September, to accomplish the distance from Prescott to York. A WONDER I tU. VE.SSKr. ! On July 1820 there was launched at York a sijop called the Richmond, of 100 tons burthen. She sailed from York to Niagara nnder the command of Edwarc' Oates, who was a laree aliar«holder in her. We learn from an advertistment in the Observer, dated July 17, 1820, that : " The Richmond has excellent accommodations (sic) for ladies, gentlemen and other passeneers, and noth- ing will be omitted to make her one of the completest and safest passage vessel.i o the class in America, being manned with ex- peri need mariners." This very modest an- nouncement is signed by Edward Oates and is iiisued from Y'ork. Captain Oates' trumpeter had evidently been dead for a very considerable period. Two years afterwards Captain Oates is again to the fore, for he advertises the sail- ing arrangements for that .lunmier. Not only does he "respectfully itifoi'in his friends and the public, that his packet shall leave York and Niagara" on certain days specified, but he also adds this emphatic assurance that "pnssengers may depeuii on a passage on those day«." He conchidea thus loftily : "Tlje superiority of sailing and accommoda- tion for ladies and gentlemen are too well known to the public to make any comment upon." This advertisement bore date York, June Ist, 1822. As an amusiug specimen of " putting on frills " in the advertising line, it has few equals. There are still some old people re- maining wit!) us (189.3) who aa children were passengers on this incomparable packet. The lapse ot more than sixty years has failed to obliterate the wretched inemoiy of some, at least, of her voyages from York to Niagan. This schooner came to a dis- astrous end, being wrecked near Brighton, on Presqu'Isle Bay, in 1826 ; SOMK NOTAI'.I.K STKAMEltS. In 1824 anotiier stteainer of no less than 350 tons Wiia built at Quconston, and was called by that name when she was launched in 1825. She was owned by the Hon Robert Hamilton, and at first com- manded by Captain Whitney. Tho Queen- ston ran from Prescott via York to Niagara, and was in constant demand by the Govern- ment as a trooper. This Iwat will be men- tioned frequently as the history proceeds. In the spring of 1825, just prior to the launch of the Queenston, there was an ice jam in the Niagara river, causing the river to rise. Owing to the great pressure of the ice against her it was found desirable to keep blocking the vessel up and extend her ways. Owing to this she was forced some di.stance up tlio gully or ravine b«)youd the place upon which tier keel had been laid A small steamer known as the Caroline, of only 75 tons burthen, was built at King- ston in 1825. Her route was from the head of Kay of Quinte to Prescott. On June .'}, 1826, the Loyalist publislies this announeement : " The new steamboat Canada was towed into port this week by the Toronto from tlio mouth of the River Rouge w here she was built during tho last winter. She will short- ly be fitted up for her intended route, which we understand will bo from York and Niagara round the head of the lake and will add another to the increasing facilities of conveyance in Upper Canada. Six steam- ers," the Loyali.-it adds, " now navigate the Sr. r^awrence and Lake Ontario in this pro- vince besides the Canada and a boat nearly ready for launching in Brockville. " In this year, as in its predecessors, tho l*'rontenae was steadily employed. On June 9tli slie arrived in York harbor having on board for duty at the garrison the head- quarters division of the 70th Regiment, and as that corps disembarked she received a de- tachment of the 76th Regiment en route to Quebec. The same paper refers to the ar- rival at York on the preceding Tuesday of the steamer Queenston. An American vessel known as the Martha Ogden was also plying this year bet. eeu Y'ork and Niagara She was the property of a United States firm of merchants. THE KIKST "city," The steamer Toronto was commenced at York late in the year 1824 or early in 1825. She was built at the foot of Church street, on the bay, and was of peculiar build, being constructed of h'ilf inch planks and the same shape at both ends. She is described by Dr. Scadding .-is being "A shell of successive layers of rather thin boards placed alternately lengthwise and LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 851 athwftrt, with coatings betweea of stout brown paper, pitched." She ran betw en Kingston and Prescott a short time, after- ward* to Toronto. She proved a failure, and after a few seasons disappeared. She was oomaanded by an Amerioan captain named Shaw, and aifterwards by Capt Mcintosh. Of the steamboat Canada, which has just been referred to aa beinf; iu tow of the To- ronto, the Loyalist, in its impression of August 12th, 1826, says (and as evidencing tfa* strides that were being nia:le in the means of communication on the lakes, the following passage is quoted in extenao):— " The new steamboat Canada, Captain meana of conveyance with those (en years ago. At that time only a few schooners navigated the lake, and this paasace waa attended with many delays an i much in- convenience Now there are five steam boats all affording excellent accommodation and the means of expeditious travelling. The routes of each are so arranged that almost every day of the week the traveller may find opportunities ot being conveyed from one extremity of the lake to the other in a few hours. '' The paper then gires a list of the steamers running at that time and their routes. They were "The Niagara and Queeuston from Prescott, the Froutenao )ors, the |0n Junf ,vinfi <' le head- lent, and xda de- route to the ar- isday of Martha Ibot .cen Iproperty Its. lenced at in 1825. street, Id. being 1 the same described Ja shell ler thin rise anu Tllli: STICAMliK .MAr.TlI.\ OODETT. Richardson, made her first trip to Niagara on Monday last, and 'vent out of the harbor ill fiue style. Her appearance reflects much credit on her builder, Mr. Joseph Dennis, ami the machinery manufactured by Messrs. NVards, of .Montreal ia a specimen of superior workmanship. "The combined excellence of the model and machinery of this boat are such as will ren- der her what is usually termed a ' fast boat.' Tiie trip to Niagara was performed in four hours and some minutes. Her pre- sent route we observe is advertised from York to Niagara and the head of the lake. "On noticing this first trip of anotlier stdum boat -.v e cannot help contrastmg the present from Kingston once a week, with the Canada and Martha Ogden, between York, Niagara and tiie liead of the lake every day. AfiFording," remarks the Loj/alut, most complacently, " facilities of couiuiuiiicatiou which the most sauguiuo could scarcely iiave anticipated at the period we speak of." After a passing reference to a steamer called the Cornwall, running on LaLe St. Louis, and to the Charlotte, Toronto and Dalhuu^ie, the article concludes thus elo- que tly : " These are some of the evidences of im- provement among us during the past few years, which require no comment. They speak for themselves, and it must be pretty 1 ' ' I;.'! 852 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. r %|1 m [(/ i f- endent from such facts as these that thosn who cannot or will not see tlia pro;;ress we are making must be wilfully blind." The Niagara mentioned in the prcccdinp; paragraphs had been built at I'rcscott, and was under the command of Captain Mosier, who is mentioned previously as in com- mand of a schooner between Kingston and Saekett's Harbor. The Niagara had rather a curious history. She was originally a sailing Tessel, owned and ommanded by Captain M osier, and called the Union, of Wellington Grore. Owing either to her being faultily built, or from some unknown cause, she suddenly capsi/ed in the Hirer St. Lawrence, near I'rcscott. Captain Mosier, nothing daunted, succeeded after a time in righting and getting her iuto dock at Kingston. There he cut her in two, added about thirty feet to her length by an insertion, and then launched her as a steamer. The Loyalist describes her as "a handsome and well built boat with a power- ful engine and most excellent accommodation for travellers." Fre(juent mention is made of this vassel throughout the season. Early in thi; month of September " the steamboat Niagara, Captain Moaier, made her trip last week from York to Proicott and back again in .-something les-s than four days." She called each journey at Kin<:ston, Gananorjua and BrockTille, and the distance covered was nearly five hundred miles. Considoring the numerous and lenjrthy stoppages that had to bo made, 'his must certainly be considered as, for the period, a very creditab'o perform- ance. SOME XOTABLK TRAVEI.LKIIS. The Queenston was viy regular in b^r jonrneya all through tho season of 1er, loss and ruin to myself must ensue. With this view of the subject I embark for Eng- land to endeavor to raise funds cuid reliev? those gentlemen who ore averse to my man- agement, and to take up the remainder of LAIsDMARKS OF TORONTO. 853 nt is m- iin- ka the bo on ik.'- om iblo ;ome 1 his- ly bo eman very Ho arlia- led at est of which on to ntvust- vessel, lowinj; ataiuei-l readi ided at loUl on nTe-^tcd of the meeting other oppor- Kng- I have ifety of and at to them voy?.ec, I HI the IvAt the and of rs bcmg a ftirry mainly 3 mc with itlcd to eneraUy mvinceJ tment be 1 all his seiM the y of the le owner, e. With for Eng- d reliev? iny inan-_ aiuder of )r the stock, that they who so kindly confided in my assurances of individual profits, ami placed implicit reliance in my integrity and abilities, may not Im disappointed in their fair expectations. Confident tliat I possess the hearty wialies of success from many valuable patrons, in takiii^; Icavu, I am happy to BubHcribe myself, gmtleuien, your most obedient humble Hcrvant, Hugh Rich- ardson, York, Dec. 6, 1826. ' The following paragraphs appeared in the Loynlitit on Dr lOlh, 1826. " Light House — The want of a li<;iit liouso at the eastern extremity of the lake has often boon compl lined of. The subject may probably present itself to the atten- tion of Parliament," " llurliugton Canal — We are happy to iearii that thoscliooncr Cieneral Brouk,with a cargo of mercliandise passed throuj^h tlio cai al on Saturday last. This fact will re- move whatevor doubts may have lemaiued as to the success of this work." This is the first timo we tiixl the t Jeneral Krock mentioned. Slw had been built wo be- lieve in York, and was used almo'^t wholly as a merchant vesioi. THK Canada's sjiAKKHoLUKiia. Kenpecting tlie stfainship Canada, Cap- tain kichard^ioii made his trip to England and returned to York early in March, 1827. The meeting of the Canatla's stockholders held on the previous 4th of December had been adjourni-'d until April 2nd, 1827, and in anticipation of the proceeding then to be li«ld, Captain Richardfoii again writes " To the shareholders in the Canada Steamboat. ' " (Jentleinen, it must !>e fresh in thn incmory of you all that I am iihc original projector of thy Canada ; that my abilitiea, lu whatever li,t,'ht they may Ik; received, wore wholly qv ployed in planninu, con- struotiug and utting hor ow. Facts have ttlrea ly proved that I led no one astray by false theories in her coiistructi u ; and iier engine is upon the model of the very best jiow generally in u-ie in England. I have been all along by far the largent shareholder, and nearly the wlidle of the aharci ',vere tft'.ion up by gontlenn^n upon uiy personal .so)::itatioii«, in doing which 1 did not fear, in the stronger d language I was master of, to pledge ti\e .suocess ni the uudertiddi-g, not only on tl>e proepoct of the lucrative terry, but also upon the faith of my own p<-'r2onal exertions. Then do I infer too much by saying that a friendly disposition I.I. wards me, a confidence in my abilities and :i y integrity (with very few exceptions), was the b»«i:i npon which I met with such general patroiiaga ? However, after a cer- tain period it was n* longer possible to raise sufficient stock to complete the vessel ; the expodiont of borrowing was resorted to, and a debt of £l,2<)0 contracted with the bank. "Upon this the boat commenced her opera- ions, and ran from the 7thof August, |period of 08 days ; during which time, gentlemen, I look upon it as a matter of congratu- lation tiiat at the v. ry first starting, having an American boat to opposo lier, the proraeds of the Canada not only paid her current expeiisca but aUo a sum of upwards of .i!200 in extraordinary ouitit, inoludiug £40 insurance on money borrowo'd, also the interest thereon ; JL'.')0 ni:arly for replacing her wheels, repeatedly do.str.';'.r. But, gentle- men, things hav" not gone im I wishcti, or as i intended ; .ad, perhaps, I am the only person who will iiave property invested in this ve-^Bel to b\\c\\ %n mnount as to mvke it of vital ini])ortancs that 3ucce3.s should at- tend the iidventure. Tl-erefore, upon this ground, upon the ground of my beinir the proj ctor of this vessel, upon the responsi- bility of my situation as master, ostensible agent, and possessing owner, I mwt earn- estly solicit your particular support to my appointment as managing owner of thirf vessel ; and to that ettpct may I again solicit the most general attendance of the stockholders at the meeting to be held on board the Canada, the second of April 'i I am, gentlemen, Your very obedient servant, Htnai lliCHAKusoN. York, March 24, 1827. :|l i I ■ "I 'W ;fii : f ; 1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // it^ 1.0 1.1 12.5 Li 121 US ^" ut Itt 122 ^ 1^ 12.0 |L8 — Ill— Ii4 ^ 6" ► Photographic Sdaices Corporation 4^ ^^ \ <> ^. aa VI1ST MAIN STMIT WltSTiK/v.Y. USSO (716)t72-4S03 ;\ ST ii 8H LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Navigation opened early in 1 827, for under a ■alatfl from the garrison the Lieutenant- UoTernor and hia family left York for St«ffiford on board of the Queenaton on April 4th, returning by the Canada on the 21it of the same month. 8UMK SBBI008 AOOIDBNTB. The accident which occurred to the Niagara iu the previous November wae much more serious than had been antici- pated, for the Loyalitt of May 26th, says : " The report in circulation last week that the steamboat Niagar* had been got off troni the beach near Long Point where she was unfortunately stranded last fall is in- correct." The paper adds the expression of its confident hope that she will in a fewdays be afloat and that they will soon have it in their power to announce her safe arrival iu port. The Loyalitt of April 21st records the fact of the accidental drowning of the mate of the Canada in these words : — " George Reid, mate of the steamboat Canada, was last night drowned by falling from the plank leading from the wharf to the vessel. It is painful to hear that the unfortunate man loaves a wife and five children to lament bis sudden loss " THE "loyalist" asks FOB MOKE. The Loyalist is at this time desirous that more steamers should be ad.led to the lake fleet and thus brings the subject before its readers. " The Queenston performs her trips regu- larly from Prescot t to York and Niagara once every week. The convenience of i\ second aud even a third boat would, how- ever, be a great accommodation to travel- lers. We are happy to hear that Captain McKenzie, late iu command of the Fronte- uac, (now laid up) has made arrangements tor building a new boat to be propelled by an engine of greater pjwer than that of any other now navigating; the lake. Tlie ac- knowledged ability of Captain McKenzie while in coinmaad of the Fronteaac, the regularity with which her trips were per- formed, and the attention ho at all time« bestowed ou thu comfort and couveuicuce of his passengers, induce us to hope that the undertaking he has commenced will speedily be carried into efifect." The Dalhousio, under the command of Cap- tain A. McDonell, resumed her trips be- tween Prescott and Kingston on May 2nd, leaving the former port ou Wednesdays and Saturdays and the latter on Mondays and Tharsd >ys, stopping each way fur half an hour at Brockville and Gananoque. The advestisemeut concludes thus : — "Passen- gers must be punctual, as the boat carries the mail; she cannot be delayed for anyone." On June 9th, following, an advertisement appears in the Kingston papers offering the Frontenac for sale. We quote the same in its entirety. "Uy public auction will be sold on Mon day, the second of July next, at Kingston, as she now lays at wharf, the steamboat Frontenac, with her anchors, chain-cables, rigging, eto., also the engine, of 50 horso power, manufactured by Messrs. Watt and Boulton. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock a.m., on board. For any further informa- tion applieation to be made to Mr. Strange, Kingston, or to John Hamilton, Queenston, June 1, 1827." No sale took place or if the vessel was ever offered publicly it was withdrawn. The Queenston, under the command of Captain James Whitney, running between Prescobt, Kingston, York, the head of the lake and Niagara, was constantly employed in 1827 in the conveyance of troops from and to these various ports. It is announced in her advertisement for the season under date May 25tii,that "every endeavor has been made to render t^e accommodation and fare on board of the best description. " Captain Richardson's steamer, the Canada, was rather unfortunate this year, in the end of July, while crossing the lake from Niagara to York, she broke her main shaft. OOOD-BYB TUB FBONTENAa This accident was, though, happily repaired in about three weeks, for we learn from tha Loyalist that she re-commenced her trips to and from Niagara on the 7th August. She was again subject to severe damage in a storm ou the lake during October, but was not incapacitated for service. On iJecember 1st she made her last trip for that season and laid by for the winter. We have just mentioned that an attempt had been made to dispose of the Frontenac. It came to uothing at the time, and at the end of August her owner, Mr. Hamilton, removed her to Niagara There she was set on tire, the Loyalist of September 29t i thus referring to this dastardly act :— "The Messrs. Hamilton, proprietors of the steamboat Frcntenac, have oH'ured a re- ward of £100 for the discovery of the per- sons who set fire to that vessel some time ago. Tiie Froateuac, after being fired, was loosed from her moorings and hud drifted some distance into the lake, wh< n she was met by the Niagara, Captain Mosier, who took hw iu tow au'l succeeded in bringing her to the wharf at Niagara, where, after some exertions, the flames were extinguished." .She was soon afterwads broken up, and thus terminated the existence ot the first steamboat built on Lake Ontario. Sic transit gloria mutuii. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 855 Bent ( the iniU Moa •ton, nboat nbles, horso tt and I'olock brmft- rwge. miton, (I was rn. Mid of etween of the [iployeJ IB from lounced I under has been and fare Canada, I the end ^e from in shaft. repaired 1 from th« ir trips to usU >he mage in a ., but was December at season attempt rroiitenac. at the Hamilton, he was set 29t:i thus f rietors of red a re- the per- some time fired, was jad drifted n she was osier, who succeeded wharf at grlions, the was soon terminated at built on mundi. THE FAMOUS ALCIOPE. Early in 1R28, on March 27th, Sir Pere- grine and '. ady Sarah Maitland, the former being the Lieutenant-Governor of the Upper Province, embarked at York, on board ihe Canada, for Stamford. This journey of his Excellency's involved Captain Richardson in an amusing, though somewhat heated, discussion in the columns of the Colonial Advocate, with the editor of that journal. Captain Richardson had been accused of perniittins; undue exclusivenesa on board the Canada, in the exclusion of other passengers upon the occasion of the Lieutenant-(jover- nor's journey. After first of all denying the report that on account of the presence of their Excellencies other passengers were declined, and then giving an emphatic as surance that had his distinguished guests so wished is no one else would have bei^n taken on that trip, Captain Richardson concludes his letter to the Advocate thus : '^ As long s L command the Canada, and have a rag of color to hoist, my proudest day w!'.i be when it floats at her masthead indicative of the presence and commands of the representative of my Kincr. " Hugh RicuARDSoy, " Master and managing owner of the Can ada steam pa ket, April lltii, 1828.' Among sailing vessels employed upon the lakes in 1828 was the Canadian, built at York, and launched there about the middle of April. She was the property of William (iamble, afterwards of Milton Slills, Etobi- coke, and Captain Bowkett, who com- manded her. ^he was used principally for the transport of grain. A passenger vessel, of about 80 tons burthen, known afterwards as the (leorge the Fourth, and plying between Ivingston snd York, was also launched a day or two earlier than the Canadian. There was be- sides a well known schooner called the Catherine, commanded by Captain Catnp- bell, conveying goods and passengers be- tween York and Niagara. Late in .Niay or in the very early days of Tune, 1828, a new steamer, designed to suc- Deed th<' Frontenac, was launched at Nia- :;ara, wher« .she had been constructed by her awners, Robert Hamilton and Andrew Heron She arrived in York, it being her first voyage, on June 26th, 1828. The Loyalist thus speaks of the event : — "The new ateami oat Alciope, built kt Niagara, owned by Robert Hamil- ton, Esq., and commanded by Capt. McKenzie, late of the Frontenac, with a number of ladies and gentlemen on a party of pleasure, made her first entry into our harbor on Thursday last. She is a tine model, and fitted up in a most elegant and convenient manne" for passengers. She commences her regular trips, we understand, next Wi^'ck, and under the command of Captain McKenzie, so well known for his ■kill and experience as a seaman, and for attention to bis passengers, we have no doubt the Alciope will be found a valuable acquisition to the regular communication which is now afforded by means of the several steamboats plying on the lake, and that she will receive a share of that public patronage which is so deserveuly bestowed upon the owners and commanders of other boats whose public-spirited exertions are worthy of the highest praise." Many people have wondered why this vessel received the name uhe did. It is a purely fanciful one, and though appar ntly of Greek origin, does not belong to any of the ancient heroes or heroines, whether real* or mythological. SOME MURE FAMOUS lOKti On June 7th, 1828, the Loyali.it mentions that Commodore Barrie in " his Majesty s schooner Cockburn entered this port (York) on Motiday last, and on landing at the (Harri- son was received by a .-^alute, which was re- turned from the schooner. The yaclii Bull- frog was in company with the Cockburn." The Commodore intended to proceed by land to Lake Simcoe, thenco on a tour of inspection of the several naval depots of the lakes. There is a passing allusion to the Alciope in the Loyati.H of September 6tb, respecting tlie movements if tlial vessel for the ran ai:,- der of the season. On the 27th ot the same month Mr. George Savage advertises from York that " His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor haa been pleased to appoint him Collector of Customs for tiiat port." He succeeded Mr. William Allan. The schooner George Canning ran between York and Niagara at this time. Captain J. Whitney, afterwards famous as captain of one of the lake steamers, was in command. In the following year, 1821), was built at Bath, upon the Bay of Quinte, by Gilder- sleeve, the Sir James Kempt. She wan commanded by various captains and rnu h twecn Fre.scott and Belleville, attaining a speed of about twelve miles an hour. SOI.niK.R AND STATESMA.V. This steamer received lier name out of complinieut, not, as might be sup- poaeil, to a tamous sailor, but to a noted soldier and statesman. Sir James Kempt, sometime Lieut. -Governor of Nova Scotia, afterwards Governor-General of Canada. He had seen service in many different parts of the world ; in India, Hol- land, Naples, Sicily ; during the Peninsular Mi ■ I. ^:-;:U ■fe I' m 856 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO.' w ir alao, where at the assault on the Castle of Itadujoz he was eevcrely wounded. He recovered from bis injuries, and during the remainder of the campaign was urc.-ent as Atajor-Gcneral, commanding a urigade at the battles of Vittoria, Vera, NiTcUe, Nive, Orthes and Toulouse. Though he was again wounded at Nivelle he remained on the field until the conclusion of the aation. Finally iie commanded the 8th Brigade at Quatre Braa and Waterloo. In a history of the lake shipping, publish- ed sonio yaars aiuce, this vesiiel is erroneous- ly (les;:i-ibed as the Sir J^mcs Kemp. It is iliHioiilt to understand how such an error could have been made, as there was but one !Sir .lames Kempt and but one steamer named after him. No one of the name of Kemp ever occupied any prominent position in Ciuiada eilher. But humauum e»t trrarc. tain J. Whitney, and ber route was from Kingston te Niagara by the head of the lake. She was a great favorite with the emigrants fram the old country, possibly to a very great extent on account of her name. She was the largest vessel then on the lakes. The Upper Ccuiada Herald, published at Kingston, announces on December 8,1830 : AUCTION. " The steam boat Toronto, together with all her furniture, will be sold at public auction to the highest bidder on Monday, l.'Uh inst. The sale to t«kc place on board of the boat at 12 o'clock." The notice is dated December 1st previ- ously. in the Upper Canada Herald of Januarv 16lh, 1831, we are told that "on Tuesday the 18th, beinfj the Queen's Hirthday," this was Adelaide.. Queen of VVilliatu 4th, "Com- -^*4*^-?T^^ ^-^^Zr-., -;55a2?^-' ^^^-^'-yy^ ^-^^^^^ THE STEAMEH QllEAT BEITAIX. In 1829 we have the Canada, Niagara, Queenston and Alciope all plying between. Kingston, York and Niagara. The opening of navigation was exceedingly late in this year, for on May 16th it is noticed in the Lo;ialist that " the steamboats have some dilHculty in uettim^ into the Niagara river from the large quantities of ice passing down from tlie upper lake.'' The Toronto and Dalhousie in this season were both running between Kingston and Proscott. In 1830 a famous vessel was commenced and launched. This was the Great liritain of 70^) tons, owned by the Honorable John Hauiiltou and ut first commanded by Cap- modore and .Mrs. Barrie gave an entertain- ment ut Kingston to a number of the inhabitants and to the naval and military oflicers on the station." ANCIENT rosTAL ARRANGEMENTS. In this year the owner of the Alciope, Mr. Robert Hamilton, substituted high pressure for low pressure engines in the vessel, and changed her name from the Alciope to that of United Kingdom. Her new commander was Captain Isaac Harrington. In 1831 we find Captain Richardson, com- mandimr the Canada, writing a lengthy let- ter to tlie Niagara Gleaner, dated York, April 23rd, in which he says : — Sir,— The postmaster at Niagara having LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 85V rom xke. Mita very Shs kkei. id at 30 ; with public nday, board previ- anuary uesdav ," this "Com- cntertaia- Ur of the id military ilciope, Mr. ligh preaanrc I vessel, and ]:iope to that commander ^rdson, com- 1 lengthy let- iatcd York, zara bAvioK refused this day any longer to take the way letters and papers from the Canada on her arrival, as haretoforti accustomatl, and the distance from the landing to the postotlico being such, and the stay of the Canada so short as to preclude ma from undertaking their delivery, I am of course forced to do- cline receiving for the future any letters or papers tor Niagara. Lust season the Canada carried the mail, this season — not. Hut that tlie public may not fancy that the extrava- gant compensation to the Canada had weight in breakint; up the arrangcnuait of last year, I beg to state that the Canada re- ceived for carrying the mail and all we,/ letters and new.sj)apLrs, Is. .'{d per trip, or 23. 6d. per day, vrhilst she made her double trips, and Is. 3d. per day when she made but ono. What will re- sult from the present change ? The Canada will lose a source of emolu- ment, which perhaps would have been creditable to the post oflice had she enjoyed it from her first opening of the ferry I The public will pay 7d instead of 4id for their letters, and receive them 24 hours later than by the Canada ; and the post- ( tlicc will have credit for understanding financirtl arrangements, better tlian public accommodatio:' — as by a retrograde motion of delivery of 24 hours, it increases the value of postage 100 per cent. I am, uir, your most obedient serrant, HlXiH lilCIlAKUSON, .\1. O. of the S. P. C. We have only to remark in reference to alove letter that the Canadian public of to- day would find it very hard to reconcile themselves to u charge of seven pence or fourteen cents on a letter between Toronto and Niagara. Thiis year a small steamer known as the Irorjuois, of but 100 tons burthen, was launched at Prescott. Very little is known about lier. Her route was between Prescott and Dickinson's Landing. She was what Wiis called a steam wheel vessel and de- .-^ceudcd the rapids. She was found unsuit- able for that purpose and was soon laid aside. .\S OTHEKS SAW CS Referring to the (iovernment dock-yard at Kingston in lS32i3the following interest- in^,' pBs.sai;e contained in a book published by Lieutenant E. T. Coke, of H. M. 4.'ith Foot, entitled *' A Subaltern's Furlough." He says : " Two steamers were at this time contin- ually running between the Ottawa and On- tario, and the traffic of heavy boats also appeared considerable. " Several large hulks of Teasels of ^^ ar, built during the 1 ast war to cope wit those of the Americana on the stocks at Sackett's Harbour, and which were never launched, are now faat falling to decay in the Navy Yard at Kingston. " A aeventy-fonr had been sold a few months previously for £25, and a few days before our arrival a heavy squall of rain ac- companied by lightning had split the St. Lawrence of 120 guns down the centre. Th» propa giving way, the vessel broke into a thousand pieces, covering the ground all round with a heap of ruins. " The narrative concludes with a prophecy that the four or five frames of vessels .still there on the stocks will soon meet with a similar fate. CAl'TAIN M'KENZIK's DEaTH. Captain McKenzie, who had been first in command of the Frontonuc and after- wards in that of the Alciope, died on .-\ugust 27tii of this year He, at the time of his death, was engaged in the construction of twr) other steamboats ; one at the head of tiie lake and one at Lake Simcoe ; and was, on moHt occasions, consulted respecting the man- agement of steamboats, so that he may justly Ih) called the father of steam navigation in Upper ('anada. His death WL\b considered a great loss to society and to the country Three new steamers were launched in this year, namely, the John By of 100 tons at Kingston ; the William IV. of 450 tonn at Gananovm ^^ iatelligeoee of thie ■1, nnder Commander Luekin, " having; commenced her regular tripe between Mon- trii and Laprairie, in con j auction with the linee from and to the United Statee, Quebec an**. Upper Canada." THBSK MOTABLB STIAMBHS. In addition to the Britannia, iu the same year were built the Cobiurg, steamer of only 900 tone. Her route at first was from Hairilton to Toronto, when she was in charge cf Captain Ives. Then she waa sent to the Bay of Quinte, where, at a later date. Captain Grass took charge of her. She waa bailt ny J. 6. Parker, a well-known Kingston man. She did net prove a very great aiacceM. The Brock vlUe waa of 300 tone burthen, in length 14f feat, in width 93^ feet, and her eaUn waa 84 feat long. Tbe BrockviUe Mecorekr of August 30, 1883, aaya : " The ateamboat Brock 'ille ia to be launched on Wednesday, September 4th, at 12 o'clock noon. The Ureat Britain and William IV. are expected to be in thia port at that hour." In another paragraph the editor complacently remarks regarding - - ..-, . . \^-'-^' ' ^'■'»r..^ J THK STEAM KR WILLIAM IV. the Kinf;aton and the Brockvitle. Ejhch of tliesa steamers received its name from the place where it was constructed. The Cobonrg was of 500 tons bui theu, and up to thia date only one vessel, the Fron- tenac, had equalled her in this point, and only one excelled her, namely, the Great Britain. ."^he was the property of Charles and James Mcintosh, two brothers, both of whom died on board of her from an attack of cholera in the year 1834. $^Sbe plied from Prescott to the head of tlm iake, and for some time was undei the charge of Captain Zeeland . She will be hea d of again from time to time in this history, notably iu 1837 and 1838 during the rebellion. She finally became a tow boat. The Kingston was u comparatively small the Brock ville that " she will probably be the fastest and best finished boat on the Canadian waters." Her builders were Shay k Merritt, of Montreai, and her engines were sup- plied by Avery, of Syracuse. She made her first trip between Brockvllle alid the Long Sault, under the command of Captain L. Hilliard. on .April 1st. 1834. TH08K DOCK YARDS ! ! A previous reference has been made to the way in which the dock yards at Kingston were being neglected. In April of tliis year the following advertisement appears in a local paper : SALE OF NAVAL STORES, AT KINGSTON, UPPER CANADA. On the 20th May, 1834, will be offered for sale, by public Auction, at Kinr^ston first ■h* Rh« at a i her. Bown very •n, in kd her It 30, jl'ie ii «inber Britain n this ftgraph [Mrding ibably be t on the Merritt, rere »up- >he made alid the }f CapUin .834. ade to the Kingston thia year ears in a ES, NADA. be offered KinRston LANDMARKS Or TORONTO. 859 Dook Yard, Upper Caaada, a large quan- tity of NAVAL STORES, oovsisTiNu or Anchors, fron 2 cwt. to 15 cwt. ; 1,000 tons iron baHaet, Aboat ISO brass shivered single blocks, from 4 to 6 iacfaes ; Blocks oommoB, about 9,000, from 4 iaches to 23 inches ; Blocks douk^.e, 2,000, trom 5 inches to 20 inches ; Blocks careening, double, treble and four- fold, 18 in number, from 21 inches to 31 iaetoes. Do clewline, clump and long tackle, from 8 inches to 18 ioches ; Do sister aad topsail sheet, from 6 to 21 inches, 100 ; Do double and treble cat, from 12 to 18 iBches, 30 ; Do snatch, 12 to 17 faiohee, tweuty ; Do iron-boand top, simple and double, from 6 to 20 iaches, 200. DOATS' BARGE, 41 FEET ; CUTTER 38 FEET. Bolts, anchor stock, ring, set aud wrain, 1,300 ; buQtin, white, -ud, yellow and blue, 8f)0 yards ; copper boltatave, one ton, trom 1-2 to 1 1-2 inches ; iron, round and square, 9 tons, from 3-4 to 2 3-8 inches ; tar brushes, chain cables, with gear ; canvass, 1,500 bolts, from number 1 to 8 ; iron casks, 300 in number ; Carpenters' tools, compasses, sij^nal flags and pendants ; sixty ooils bok rope, from 3-4 to 6 inches : 100 coils rope, cable laid ; 15 coils cordage, 350 coils, haw- ser laid ; 1,000 cringles of sorts, 1,200 dead eyes, 300 hearts, timber dogs, fearaought files, glass, 3,000 panes, stone groand ; hammers, hammocks, hinges, tackle i>ook8, caulking irons, kersey, old lead, 4 tous ; lead pipe, from 1 1-2 to 3 inches ; lines, chalk, dcepsea, log and hand, 2,000 m number ; locks, brass, 100 in nnml^er ; turning lathes, with tools, 2 sets ; mauls, 450 iu number ; nails of all sorts -Aiid spikes, two tous ; needles, paint, chain pump gear ; sails for frigates, 2 set-^ ; shivers lignumvitae, 3,000 iu number ; steel German ; stoves, Canadian ; 8 barrels turpentine ; twine, 4 tons ; wire, copper ; wire, iron; several old and half worn boats ; with a great number of other articles of Naval and old Stores ; also, THE BULLFROG YARD BOAT, of about 00 tons, nearly new and completely rigged, and well furnished in every respect; will make an excellent Packet. Pine p!ank, aboat 19,000 feet ; elm board, 4,000 feet ; oak board, 1,500 feM ; and sev- eral thousand feet of oak and pine timber. A quantity of Slop clothing and bedding, provisions and victualling storeo. The sale to commence at K) o'clock, ^ m. and to continue every working day aaiil the •ale is oioeed. The biddings to be in sterling money, the Dollar 4s. 4d. A deposit of 25 per oeat. to be paid at the time of parch me forfeited to the Crown if the re- mainder of the purchase money be not paid, and the Stores taken away, on or before the 7th day of Joae next. The Stores may be seen, and further par- ticulars learned, on application to the Mas ter Shipwright at Kingston Dock Yard. RO'.'ERT MOORE, Master Shipwright. April 24. 1834 ITfLL MOftV STKAHBBa. In an advertisement respecting the move- ments of the steamer Cobourg for the sea.son of 1834 it is noticeable that York has now become Toronto. The latter place is so des- cribed with the parenthetical addition " late York." In 1834 the Commodore Berrie was buih at Kingston by Henry Uildersleeve. She was of 275 tons cipicity, and her com- mander was James SincLiir. Hor route was from Prescott to Toronto and Niagara. Her advertisement states that she was pro- pelled by two superior low pressure engines of Meesrs. \V.>rd & Co. manufacture. From the Western Mercury of August 7. 1834, published at Hamilton, it is learned that a new steamboat built at Oak\illL, (and known as the Oakville,) had com- menced running daity between Hamilton and Toronto, Sundays excepted. This steamer is descri!y d as being a very hand- sooMt boat and elegantly fitted up. Her captain was James Mills The St. George, a fine steamer of 400 tons, was built and launched at Kingston early in IS;>4. She ran from there to the head of the lake. A paragraph is contained in the Hamilton Wejuern Mtrcury of June 16th in that year saying that the steamers ( onstitution. with 70 emigrants, the C'obourcr, St. George and William IV. with 35U, 110 and 90 respectively had landed these pas- sengers at Hamilton. The St Cieorge's commanding offioei was Lieutenant Harper, R. N. The vessel he commanded was at this time the only low pressure, schooner-rigged vessel on the luke, and it was claimed for her by her owners that as • sea-boat there were aoua to sur- pass, if any to equal, her. Among khe other steamers plying bet^- een the varioHii lake ports at this time was an American steamer, whose route was front Ogdensburgh to Kings- ton, theuce by Soikett's Harbor, O>wego and Kociiester to Toronto, proceeding trom ( ' \ '^l r^\ I' f] >>1 860 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. hi there to Niagara and Lewiiiton. Slie was called the Oawego, Captain J. T. Homaua A stcatmr kuowii as the Eaterpriiiu waa also built at Kingston in IH.'M, t)ut blie ran l;uoble work, being converted into a tow-! oat. She will bo often heard of iu the next few years. For the lirst time in the history of the Cana5 uuder another commander. Frank liury in this year takes the place of Captain liich- ard^^on ; the latter remains th ukIi as man- aging owner. The steamer's route was the same. On February 24th an advertisement ai (pears in the I oronto Courier ofl'erin<{ for sale the schooner Huniber of 50 tons burthen. yiic was lying east of Cull's wharf. W. L. Whiting & Co., of lirockville, also advertise in the same and in other ]>rovinciaI papers " that they will be prcpaied at the op iiing of navicacion with a suthcieut num- ber of most improved covered barges to en- sure despatch in the transport of produce to Montreal, and merchandise from thence by the St. Lawrence to any part of Upper Can- ada." I'hese gentlemen also notify the public that " entries are passed at the Custom House without charge of commission." What wind and water did for the in- hubitautis of Toronto aome dozen years later was in 1835 proposed to be effecte>l by artifi- cial means. The propottitiou waa to l»uild a canal or " cut" acroaa tfce peninsula, op- posite I'or into. A meeting was called in furti.erance of thia project on March 3, 1835, when one of the reaaona giren in aup- port of the schema waa that " It would most certainly, by letting in the pare water of the lake, purify the waters of the bay. " Nature made thia ** cut," now many yean ai;o, and yet,strange to say, people are to be found who venture to aaaert that '* the waters of the bay" are only even compara- tively pure, when compared with, well, lot us say a very dirty canal. The steamer Cobourg in 1835 had as her captain C I'aynter and made her trips as in liie season previously. The Constitation became the Transit, and under Hugh Kich- ar.lson, (formerly maater of the Canada and atill her manager,) ran from Hamilton to Toronto, Port Hope, Cobourg and Rochester. On June 18th, 18.'i5, tlie Great Britain, Cap- tain J. Whitney, arrived in Toronto harbor with a very Icrge number of emigruits. Thia steamer ran from Pre^cott to Toronto and Niaj^ara. At the latter port tlie American steamer United States, Captain J. Van Cleve, ran in connection with her to porta on tlic opposite sidn. This season the Peter Robinson was again upon Lake Siincoe, Charles Thompson still be ng her owner, and connecting witli her was the Pcne anguiahen ■ for Jslo St. Joseph, the Sault Ste Marie and Mackinac. AN INGENIOUS ILAN. Late in the year, on November 10th, a terrible storm took place on the lake. Two schooners were wrecked otf the " Ducks," near Kingston, a place that has been men- tioned several times already, and always, or nearly so, in connection with some shipping di aster. Other sailing vessels that are mentioned include the Three Brothers, so called after the Mclutoiih l>rotliers : John, who com- manded her; Charles, who h d chai'ge of another lake schooner, the Superior, and Robert, the master of the Eunice, pre- viously mentioned. There were several others also, namely, the Robert I>uru.i, the Emily, the Prosperity, Fanny and Perse- verance ; besides the (iuerut>ey, Peacock, Caroline. Fair American, Sovereign, Jessie Woods, Erin, Charlotte, Winnebago, Lord >lelson, Enteri>rise and ISoxor. Of these the Fanny, Sovereign and Jessie Woods, were the property ot .\)r. James Lockhart, of Niagara. The firsf named was under the command of Captain Dick, a yallant sailor and enterprising man. A great deal will LANDMARKS OF TOHONTO. 861 the in- 1-8 later y artifi- Imild la. op- blled in u-ch 3, in sup- t would •e water le t)ay." ny ywkW ure to be at " the jompara- well, lot ,(i as hor rips as in iBtitatioo igh Hich- nada and nilton to Locliester. lain, Cap- ito harbor aits. This •onto and American 1 J. Vail r to ports was aj^ain npston still witii her Jt. Joseph, 10th, a .ke. Two » Ducks," beeu men- always, or shipping mentioned Ued after who com- chai'ge of )orior, i*nd nice, pre- re several l>uru,i, the and Pcrae- Peacock, igu, Jeasi' bago, Lord OC these ie Woods, Lockhart, under the allant sailor X deal will be heard of him as this hiislory pro<;ros8ea. Captain I'eckc, a veteran sailor, was the otiicer in command of the l>oxer. He is stated at this lime to have been navigating the lakes for nearly forty years. Captain Ueorge in his barge from Quebec visited foroa'o in 1835. This nun was not a sailor by profession, but he was a born nautical mechanician. He had a sche.nu for enabling loaded vessels to overcome the rapids of the St. Lawrence and reach the upper ]>orts on the river without disturbiiic; thair cargoes. TtuH was to be iunc. ly pul- leys or chains anchored in the bed of the river or fixed upon the biiuks. He con- trived to get h.j own vessel up in this way, ioaded with a i:eneral assortment of mer- chaixlisc. But the ex))euse was loo great for private owners, and as the con.structicii of canals round the rapids v< as souu after- wards completed, contrivances like that of Captaiu (jeorge, however ingeuious, w«re useless. Dr. Scaddtng describes George's barge as possessing a peculiar rig, its masts formiuLT above the deck a sort of large St. Andrew's cross, such being, in his opinion, the most convenient arrangement fur working t)ic leg of mutton or triangular sal a which he used. In reference to the navigation of the rapids let us here nient on that Captain Ma\well first navigated in a steamboat the deep channel of the Long Sault, and Chaplain Uilliard on board the Ontario fust tlescended the rdpids at L.%- chine. In tiie Hamilton Oazette of February 6th, 1836, this advertisement is fouud : " Tlie Sohoomir Aurora, " Edward Zeeland, Master, "Intends running during the winter, when the weather will permit, between the I>ar!in'4- uu ('an 1 aud the iiani^uu v.tiaii ut To- routo Enquire for hor arrival and depar- ture at Mr. Hurley's Hotel." NEW YKAR CH.VNCES. Navigation opened ear y in May in IH'Ab, aiul the Hamilton llauttt thus allude.stuilie steamboats on the lake : " The Transit, Captaiu tlichardson s b'lku- tiful vessel, is ready to start the moment her icy tetters are broken, and our old. safe and comfortable friend, the Canada, is ready to follow in her wake. We hear she is in- t nded to go to some port to the eastward, and if the ice ren^.aius much longer we shall, -ui'e as Ci^gs are egg-f, sea the gallant cap- tain, as he has done before, cut his way out."' Tiio Cobourg had had new boilers put in at a cost of |2,500, and both it and the Traveller had been geueia.ly repaired. The Transit made her iirst trip fioni To- ronto to Niagara on May Ist. On May 18th the Hamilton Oaiettt pub- lishes this advertisement : "Otfice of the (jrand River Navigation Company, 8eneca,Grand River, July 21.1835. " At a meeting of the Board of Directvrs of the Grand River Navigation Company of ihis dace it was -ORDERED " That the first steamboat of not less than fifteen horse power that shall plv on the Grand River, from Dunnvilla to the head of the navigation when opened, shall be allowed to pass toll free through the locks of this navigation as long as she shall ply thereon," The same privilege was also to be extended to the two tirsi covered barges costing not less than ^'1,000 that passed through The advertisunicui was signed " By order of the Board, Jame.s Little, Sec- retary." Three steamboats, the Sir James Kempt, the Broekville and the Kingston, were in this i>eason plying between I'rescott and the r>ay of Quinte, touching at HoUowell both up and down. A steamer known as the Thomas McKay plied between liUiebec anil Bytowu (Ottawa) in this year, liut her journeys appear to have bei n somewhat spasmoiiic. In the tamo season wo tiud between To- ronto aud Hamilton the Britannia, under Captain Ilerchmer, Shu had been built in lvinL;.-;ton and wa'i of 200 tons burden. The steamer William IV. was in tiie season of I S36 placed under the command of Cupiiin Uilliard, who has been previously meutiuned as the captain of the Broekville on the Hay of t,Hiinie. The Kingston Chronicle of an early date, in May, I8.';fl street, of the schooner Plough Boy and tiie sloop .Martin Van Ruren, they having beeti condemned for otfences a^'ainst the revenue laws. These two vessels were probably both American smugglers. Among their cargo s was not only " a large quan- tity of Young Hyson tea," but also " one barrel of whiskey and seven boxes of segars." On September 3rd Sir Francis Bond Head, the newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, returned to Torouto from a short tour in the eastern divison of the province in the steamer Great Britain, it For- CapUin and tb« DMlf ftt e month of car- 1 all ita ciu p*- Muranoe I charge inded to. ,1110 ilate« ■ior's ad- ; that the Captain > for Fen- lerstburg, loul •July ;arB were Toronto, B is some- annouuce- i Jay or so )f no ino- .ke Simcoo There ia announce- OSS Lake ito Covrier tbe steamer K>rt of the the Grand sUnds, iio Umackinac, [ace, relurn- lort of de- ^sure. 'I'he [on is shewn |of the ad- statement .ill be r>- ling in the n Monday tk. .ugust 20th, led sale by _ month by IS on Yon>;e .loy and tlie Ihaviiij; been ,l»e revenue •c probably ^mon« their large quau- but also seven boxes I Bond Head, (int-Governor to Toronto l-n divison of teat Britain, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. a<3 taking up bU quarters at Uovernment House. In the Toroato Countr of September 17th, copied from the Detroit Advertistr of the previoua August 27th, ia a paragraph to the effeet that the editor of that paper had heard from Uaptahi Robioaon, of the steamer Ueneral Gratiot, that a schooner of thirty tons burden, without color or name, and containing a crew of twenty-three persons armed with pistole, dirks ad muskets, was taken in the St. Clair Kiver under strong suspicion of having piratical intentions. Re- ferring further to these men the Detroit paper says " they were all ornamented with huge moustaches, and were commiiiided by onu whom they called General Dixon." A raVORITR niSAPPEABS The Provincial Parliament assembled early in 18.37, and on .March i22nd ibe Hamilton Gazelle gives a long lisi> of Bills which bad passed daring the session. Among those relating to the proviucial marine there were as follows: — "The Acts incorporatin.; the Grafton Harbor Company, providing for the survey of the Ottawa River ; granting a loan to the South Harbor Company, Nta gara, and also to a similar company at Gan- anoque ; Acts compelling vessels to carry a light at night, and also for the improvement of the navigation of the River Trent ; also incorporating the company of the Port Dar lington harbor ; enabling the Canada Com- pany to erect a harbor at Goderioh ; incor- TUK STKAMKR U.NITKD STATES. The steamers on the lake throughout the season of 1836 comprised among them the Traveller, Transit, Britannia, Hamilton, Great Britain, Canuda, Commodore Barrie, Cobourg and Oakville : on the Bay of Quinte the Sir James Kempt, Brockville and Kini,'- ston ; on Lake Simcoe the Peter Robinson, and making occasional trips on Lake Huron was the Penetanguishene. In addition to these there were the American steamers we have more than ouca mentioned, namely, the Oswego, Oneida and United States, in the following year, 1837, several other steamers were added to the now rapidly in- creasing fleet. They were the Sir Robert Peel, of 350 tons ; the Queen Victoria, of 20C tons, and the E>;periment, of 150 tone. More will be said of these presently. porating the Beverly Navigation Company, the Forr Erie Canal Company ; and several Acts authorizing loans to various towns to enable them to perfect their harbor^i or com- plete the erection of lighthouses. The schooner Britannia, forming a portion of the estate of William Crooks, of Niagara, deceased, was offered for sale on March 23rd by his executors. Beyond the fact that she was at the time of sale lying in Oakville, there is no further information given coa- cerning her. The Traveller in 1837, Captain Jamea Sutherland, made two trips a week between Rochester, Cobourg, Port Hope and To- ronto, and between Hamilton, Toronto, Port Kage and Cobourg. The Britannia, n« longer under Captain Hercbmer, but under .Sc, m 1 if'S I' ■ t '■■ m ft. 804 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. William Colclon^'U, ran daily bftween To- ronto and fliuniltoti, calling oiw:h wriy ut Port Credit, Oukvi le and liuriiii^ton liiiv. The Hamilton (iazetfr on April I'.Uli rtli im to the lake ntcamcra and to their routes iii;d commanders for tb« aeaaon then commonc- int;:— The William IV., Captain Hilliard, was to Hail from I'rcsctjtt to Toronto. The (ireal iJritain, Captiin Whitney, continued the 8ame route as in iMItii. The Commutlote liarrie, Captain lierchn:er, did likRwiso Thu ( oltourg wad commiiiideil thi-i suaaon by I aptiiin Harper, K. N., la e of the St. (•forgo. The latter was under charge of her former purser. These vessels ran from I'res- cott to Toronto in conjunc'.ion with one another during the Roaiuring her futire career, with tiie excep- tion of i.ne scA'-.on. when .she ran irom Oswfg) to Kingston, she had been on the Niagara route. Her end came through rnniiiiig ashore near ().«wego, wucu aiic was wrecked and fitially broken up. 1,1(;1IT UOISK COMMISSIONKUS. ()i) April (lili tlio Vppi'r ('{(iindn Gn~.rUf. Hni)uunc('d lliat his K.xcellency the Lit;Uleii- ani (iovernor had been plcasctl to u|)pciiit William Chishoha, George Chalmer;), and Merrick Thomas, Ks<|uiri3, to bo conunitt- sioDcrs for tlie erection of a lighlhoiisu at Oakville ; Colin C. FeiTJe and M'lmoiid Kuchie, E,i(juiic.s, to completo the llurling- ton Cauiil ; also to be conuiiis.siouors, under an .'.ct j)a.sscd in tlio previous scosion, the Honorable Z. lUirnrii.m, (!. S. lloulton, Alex. .\:cn')nell, .\. .S i'Vascr, and K-iVitrt Jame-i^on. K^i|iiir' -, to im[)ri)vc the naviga- tion of the ini Ji.i water.^ of thu district of ^."owca.stle ; also William >-owtic;>, .John T, William;, aiul Wiliiiun Ow.stoii, l\i(ittirea, for tiic erection of a li;' lit house on (j nil I-Ianil ; tinallv, Major lionnyi i.stie, \\ il- liaii! Henry I'rajicr, and flugli Richardson, Esiiuire.s, • comini sionera for the improve- ment of the haibor of Toronto. The Hamiilan Hii-rtU of May lOlh pub- li!. Head (formerly the Noi\huml)orland) will commence running in a few daj^a. She i.s intended to perform the trip I/O Sully and back every day (Sundays excepted). The Pen adash has also been fitted at great expense by Mr. W . IJo-swell, and will be ready in a few days for the sail e route." Capt. James Sutherland, vf the 1 raveller, has already b> n mentioiinu several times, and there are uwt many men now living in Toronto who can look buck twenty-fivt or thirty years or more without calling to mind (hii popular, gooil, '^r^jst and thorough uamao, (although llufT in \\'n demeanor). Ho came to this country shortly before the rebellion of 18.37 A OALLANT .<4AIM)K. lie navigated the (irst steamship (the Uni- corn) ac;ross the ocean to Quebec. He waa also Ml the liud.son l>ay service, ami was placed in command, shortly after his arrival in Canada, of the steamer Traveller, which, in XS'.Vt. and some years following, ran between Hamilton and I'rcscott, uud tluring the rebellion carried troops to ditl'erent points on lake and river, in 1840 h<; waa placed in command of the new steamer, Niagara, (name afterwards chan|;ed to Sovereign). She was a fast veusel for those days, and was {)lae^d in the lino of Royal Mail steamers, in lh42 Capt. .lohn Elmslev and Donald liethunu, Kf({ , purchased tho Soveruiirn from fton. .Ino. naudlton, and Capt Elmsley eommaiidcd her. Cnpt. Sutherland was ttien placed in command of the St. tiuorjjo, a good, staunch aea Ixiat, but inferior and slower than the Sovereign Tliis chantfc wa.« not agrtnablu to him, par- ticularly as ho freipiently .-utfered the morti- fication of .seeing his toriiier nhjp paaa liiin on the route up the lake. The St Georg'i Was f)n the direct route b i wcon Kini.'aton and Niagara, and il occa^ioll^llv liap])ene(l that the Soverei^'u also left ou her trip from Kingston to Toronto nearly an hour after the >t. (I.'orge had started on her upward trip, and it was on one of these occisiou.^ thai, (apt,. .Suti;cr:and cam'' out with one oi his i|U.'er siyiii,;.!. Whin lli; ."'t.iieorge wa ! olt" liic '■ l)ukr>,'' ai.Muit tv.ciityfi'.'o mib' ^ west of Kingston, Uie Sovcreijrn w as ol'svr v ; som" dista, ' a-.siern, but ove^ :akini; \\.v. .Si (leorgo ra()idly and woidd souii pa. is hiv. Suthcrhuul r)aoed tiio deck, now and lluii casting tii s eves on lheai)proat:iiiM j ." iivcreign. iiis mate said to him, " Capiuin. hero comes the ^over^'igu aficr u^" Suthor land lookod astern a ain, and liitchii. ' up his tr.ousers, .-ailor tasldon, said witn a sort of grin, •' So elie is after us, ;.; she ? \Vell, we wdl soon pay her oti' in her own coin, and ix? afti r licr shortly.' T!ie writer calls to mind jn.-.l uow, aiiotlnu' of Capt. Sutherland's characteristic remark.-, and many more might be aihled if fuUy re jnemberedL One of his avbin waiters was quite a clever musician, and peiformed very well on the cornopian, he bavin;; been r bandsman in one of the regiments stationed at Toronto. On certain occasions, \\h' \ i ill LANDMARKS OF TOROMO. 865 ■oUer, lintuH, iiig tD iv« or UK to t anil in Itn owutry 1837 ifl tnl- nil was ) arrival , wUiuh, infj, ia» A ilunni; ditTerent 111.' wns atcAmor, vnpeJ to lor those of Uoyal [J Elmslcv tued tl>t3 Iton, iknd Cftpt- I aea linat. Sovevyitlii ( him, par- the mortt- pftw him f,% Georj;'! KinL'dtDii hapi>«n*='^ Uii' from hour after icr upward occasiou- nith one oi ieoi'S^e wai y.fivo mil'"' ftsoi'sofv-i •akini: tin; uii piV.id hi'V- anil thini , r-ovcreig"' nii.in. hi-r: Suthei- .i„l hitchu. -' saiil Willi after us, : : ivy her oti li ler ahortly- uow, au<>ili"i i^tic remark , ,a if {»Uy i« ^^■ailer3 wii^ iiforuied very ..vin;; l>«en '^ ents statioue'l casious, wl'' • learin^ or arriving in port, this munici m would trout the piMML>ii),'or< to somo popular uir. Onu day, as the vuasel, the Niagara, was approaching port he went forward to the wheoliiuuat, where Capt Sutherland stood, bringing the steamer to the wharf, and commenced playing some lively air. The Captain appeared annoyed, and said to him, in not very complimentary language : " I say there, stop blowing that horn of yours, you land lubber, and boar a haud in hauling in the slaoic of that bow line." The poor performer was frighU-ned out of his wita, and made direct for the cabin to hilo his uiortifRatioii at the abrupt termination of his favourite melody. TIIK STRAMER MACNKT. Capt Sutherland's groat di'.-«-»n as Captain Sutherland, particularly in the sudden and unexpected manner in which it occurred, would cauis J;reat sorrow, and deep, heartfelt sympathy or hia wife and family. RATKS AND l)|TR!t— STORMS. The Commissioners appointed by the Lieu- tenant-(fOvurnor under Act of Parliament to superintend the completion of (iull fblanl Light House, advertised in the Cobour^', Kingston and Toronto newspapers in June for tcndert for this purpose. The.io are the conditions under which proposals tiy contract were to he given in : 1st. — Ihe plaiLs and specifications are alone to be the rule » * 'naking proposal.si. 2d. — Contractors an make at tiieir own expense all bo its, skews, wharfs and machinery cf wliatsoever kind *'hat may be reiiuirr t for cntiiplatir!.' Uie work, also to au. .tin upon tlir o«n re^iion.si- bility, all risk, injury or damai^e of every kind, sort or dusc ;iti<>n that may oc- cur to the V;;ka from the comiiunice mcnt to d.ijir civapletion. 3d. — Those Wiio '.,'ive 'i proposals are re- quired to tiiid rompetont security iilarpcr iu which they expressed " their warm admiration of his intrepidity and able miuiageinent on so trying an oc- 'iision, as well as of their entire confidence 111 the qualities of the boat itself." The following Order-iu Council, respect- ing vessels frequenting Toronto harbor, was issued on September 7th : IN COUNCIL IT IS ORDERKD by His Excellency the I.ieutenant-iJovernor-in-Council, that the following Schedule of Rates and Regulations Ik; adopted ; and all persons whom the ]jiemisesmay conceru are required to conform thsniselvcs thereto. JOHN BRIKIE, Clerk Kxecutire Council. SCHEDULE OF RATES to be joUectod upon cargoes of vessels coming into the port of Toronto, ami unladen within the same, for the purpose of I'aising a tuud for ilefrayiii^ tht; principiil and intercRt of the sum of £'2,()0i), granted for the construc- tion of improvements in the harbor of To- rcnto, viz : — Merchaiidi.se, per ton, weight or measure- ment, per liill of lading 10;1. I'iofir, p-r l);uT(fil Id. Pork, do do l!d. Allies, do do ,'iil Salt, do do Id. Siicep hiul pif,'s, each Id. ( ider or apples, ])er barrel Id Whiskey, ikt barrel .. '2d. Wood, jier cord .Id. liorees and horned cattle, each 4d. All masters of vessels, or persons haviui; I'hargo thereof, on their arrival at the port of Toronto, with an intention of landing any part of thfiir cargo, shall deliver, on demand, to the Collector ot Customs, or his Deputy, a manifest uf the merchandise so to fc« landed, signed by the master of su;;h vessel, or the person having charge thereof, which manifest shall be an authority to the said Collector, or his Deputy, fer receiving from the captains of the respective vessels the amount of rates apportioned as above, for the payment of which the said captains shall satisfy the Collector or his Deputy, be- fore the removal of sail articles from the wharf or pier upon which the same may be landed. The abore rates, together with the regulations relative thereto, to take etlect from the thirteenth day of Septem- jl^r, 1S37. and all persons concerned to be governed thereby, under the penalties im- posed by the Provincial Statute, 3rd Wil- liam IV., chapter 3'2 SCHEDULE OF RATES to be collected at the port of Toronto, for wharfage on articles landed from on board of vessels or other crafts lying under, and protected by, the pier erected for the benefit of the harbor at Toronto, under authority of an Act of the Provincial Legislature, pas^^ed iu the third session of the eleventh Parliament, viz : — Merchandise, per ton, weight or measure- ments,as per bill of lading £ Flour, per barrel Pork, do do Ashes, do do Salt do do Lumber, per thousand feet, for every forty-eikjht hours Double Waggon and Horses Sin ;le Waggon and Horses Horses and Horned Cattle, each. .. U Cider and Apples, per barrel Whiskey, per barrel Woed, per cord Stone, per toise The above to become payable before breaking bulk. Each passenger's baggage, not exceeding a cart, single horse load For every steamer touching at the pior For every schooner touching at pier '2 ij For each s ea-ner winterine at the new works 2 10 For each schooner, above 50 tons. . 1 u For each schooner, under 50 tons and above 10 12 6 The above rates to become payable oi; the i;jth instant ; and all owners oi vesseKs, or masters thereof, will hold tiieniselves liable for the settlement of the said dues to the Collector of the Customs of the port of Toionto, or some person deputed by liim, in such manner as he may prescribe, uiuKt the penalties for non-performivnce, estab- lUhedby 3rd William IV.,|chap. 32. The steamers on the lake ceased runniiip; I for the season of 1837 ou November 'JlUli, .> 1! 2 3 !) 2 2 2 () 1 li 1 2 3 :\ 6 8 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 867 [ from is tbe B, for ptkin* by, be- from i« may ih the > take jeptem- l to be ities im- Ird Wil- lected at I articles jr other by, the e harbor Vet of the the third viz :— measure- t •: »i -i 3 . '2 r 2 2 f) ■ 1 *J ■ 1 '» '2 3 7 re not rae the at the 19. . tons 8 '2 I '2 b 10 5 It G .. 1-2 payahlc on ,_tB lit vessels, \A themxclves : said dues to f the port of ,uted by him, escribe, mid»;r mivnce, estal'- ap. 3'2. ciuscd runnin;: [ovember '26il'. winter having set in great severity. The Experiment, her first trip from on Jnly 4th. 1837, early and with' very Captain Dick, made Hamilton to Toronto where ehe continue . running under the same commanding offi- cer for the rest of the season. The Burlington, which had been built at Oakville and launched there on June 10th, also made her firsk trip early in Jnly, under Captain John Gordon, .she ran daily from Dnodas to Hamilton and Toronto. There was another severe storm on the lake at the end of October. The steamer Bytown was totally wrecked at Kingston The Commodore Barrie narrowly escaped • similar fate, but lost one of her paddles, while the Cohourg ran ashore on a sand- bar at Ferris' Point, eigiit miles from Kingston. MRS. hoodie's EXPBRIK.VCE. A sketch of travelling on the lakes in 1833 is given us in the charming volume, "Roughing it in the Hush," written by that delic;htful authoress Susanna Moodie just forty years ago. Mrs. Moodie, describing the journey of herself and husband from the lower to the upper province says : — " Our journey during the first day was performed partly by coach, partly by steam. It was nine o'clock in the evening when we landed at Cornwall and took coach for Prescott. There we embarked on board a fine new steamboat William 4th, crowded with Irish emi(;rantB proceeding to Cobourg and Tor- onto. At Brockville we took in a party of ladies, which somewhat relieved the monotony of the cabin, and I was amused by listening to their lively prattle and the little gossip with which they strove to wile away the tedium of the voyage. The day was too stormy to go upon deck— thunder and lightning accompanied with torrents of rain. Amid the confusion of the elements 1 tried to get a peep at the Lake of the Thousand Isles ; but the driving storm hUndcd all objects into one, and I returned wet and disappointed to my berth. We passed Kingston at midnight, and lost all our lady passengers but two. The gale con- tinued until daybreak, and noise and confu- sion prevailed all nii;ht. The following day was wet and ('loomy, the storm had pro- tracted the length of our voyage for several hours, and it was midnight when we landed at Cobourg. " Mrs. Moodie hat a singuiar mode of ex- pressing herself when she refers to Lake Ontario. Instead of speaking of it as it has just been mentioned, she, referring to a troablesome passenger says : — " He kept up such ., racket that we all wished him at the bottom of ' the Ontario.' " Again she writes : — " On the 9th September the ateamlMat William IV. landed us at the then small but rising town on * the Ontario.' " It is possible that at the time Mrs. Moodie wrote, it was customary in some parts of Upper Canada so to speak of the lake, but if it wrts, it is strange no other author of any eminence cotemporary with that gifted authoress does so. CHAPTER CCXLII. The Rebellion ^f IWXt 38 — BvenU •■ tke liAkeit— Captains Drew and Arnold— The Capture of the Caroline. In the early days of Deeember, 1837, oc- curred at Toronto the first outbreak of the Canadian rebellion, which was speedily crushed in that portion of the province. Thougii such ^ras the case, a number of the insurgents betook themselves to a small island, well covered with trees, in the Niagara river, almost opposite the then v Uage, now town, of Chippawa, about three miles above the Falls, called Navy Island. Here thiy were under the command of William Lyon Mackenzie and an American named Van Reunselaer. Their design was the invasion of Canada by the lake. Mackenzie had formed what he called a Provisional (iovernment, and there is no doubt that he and his followers thought th y would be able to effect a landing on the Canadian shore. It was an absolute necessity though, for the success of such an enterprise, that these self-styled " Patriots" should secure the services of a ri /er steamer. Fortune favors the brave, it is said In this instance it c rtainly favored the foolhardy. Im bedded in the ice, near HutTalo, was just such a vessel as they required. iSlie is described as "a little steamer of forty- six tons, called the Caroline, belonging to one William Wells, of Bnffalo, and origin- ally constructed by the man afterwards known as Commodore V nderbilt." The own r was only too pleased to hire out his boat, but he had an eye to possible loss : so, before the " Patriots" could obtain possession of the steamer, they were oblitjed to find a sufficient guarantee to Wells that he should be protected against any loss in case his vescel should be cap- tured or destroyed. After events showed the prudence of Mr. Wells in adopting this precaution. The guarantee asked was forthcoming, and the Caroline plac d under the command of a resident in Bnffalo, Gilman Appleby, who had been a sailor upon the lake.* On December 28th the steamer reached Navy Island, and imme- diately began the transport thith J*! i ■i \ ■\\ f^^ mmmm^ ^ 868 LANDMi&RKS OF TORONTO. I th« American side of supplies and munitions of war, among whicii was included a ■mall cannon. These proceedings at once became known to the troops on the Caua- dian shore, who were under the command of Colonel Macnab. It was deemed im- portant, saya a trustworthy authority, *' to know all that could be learned, in view of a possible attempt to atilize the steamer to land the fillibusters on the Canadian shore. Two men were despatched in a small open boat to watch the Caroliu 's movements and to report the same to the Colonel in command. One of these was Captain Andrew Drew, an officer in the Royal Navy, who had recently been en- trusted with the direction of the (Cana- dian) naval department." The other was the Deputy Sheriff of the Niagara District, Alexander McLeod. Regardless of danger, they proceeded in a small boat round Navy Island, until they obtained a view of the river's eastern channel. There they per- ceived the Caroline at anchor, apparently laid ap for the night. On their return journey they were fired at several times and their boats injured, but they them- selves escaped unscathed. As soon as they made their report to Colonel Macnab, it was decided by him that coute qui coute the steamer must not only be cap ured but destroyed, and that this must be effected at night. On the following day, December 29th, the Caroline continued the proceedings of the previous day, and the Patriots kept up a fire of musketry on the Canadian troops also. Loud murmurs were heard among the oliicers of the militia at what they considered the inactivity of Colonel Macnab, but before the day closed they became aware that their commanding otiicer was fully alive to the exigencies ot the situa- tion. As soon as it was dark preparations be- gan to be made for the expedition which was under command of Captain Draw and con- sisted of seven boats, each one holding eight men, besides the officer in command. It is all but impossible to say who the officers were, each having charge of a boat, no two Authorities agreeing ou the subject. The orders given to Captain Drew were short and peremptory, " to take and destroy the Caroline wherever he could tind her." Tho flotilla got away from Chippewa and reached the Caroline about midnight. When within a dozen yards of the fated vessel they were perceived by the sentry, who, in re- sponse 1 3 his challenge, was told by the party they were " Friends." The sentmel then asked for the countersign, and on re- ceiving the decidedly ambiguous answer from Captain Drew, " I will give it you when I get on board," was aware that his visi- tors meant hostilities. He instantly alarmed the rest of the crew, but it w as too late. The Caroline was taken possession of without, as one historian puts it, "anything deserving the name o' a serious conflict." The crew and passengers, thirty-three in all, were literally driven out at the point of thssword;and though one or two of the former showed iight and succeeded in wounding Lieutenant McCormick and two more of their assailants, the whole perform- ancs did not occupy many minutes. Once the Canadians had possession of the vessel it was soon decided what to do with her. She was to be burnt and allowed to drift as she was burning down the stream and go over the .. alls. She was set fire to by Captain Richard Arnold who lived in Toronto for many years afterwards, and died there on June 18th, 1884. No living soul was on board her, and before she reached the cataract she went to pieces, only fragments of her going down the mighty sheet of water. An amusing ac- count of the Rebellion is given in a parody on " John Gilpin," published in 1838, W.L. Mackenzie supplying the place of John Gilpin. The verses relating to the destruc- tion are as follows : — Rennselaer then took th" command Of those degraded wretches. For some had neither coat nor hat. And some not even breech' s. To Navy Island then they went, And there made a great splutter — A constitution printed otf. And many threats did utter. Alas ! for Yankee modesty. It really is quite shocking, Some ladies made the retuls shirts. And some, too, sent them stocking. Of many acts, which by our men Right gallantly were done, I've spun my verse to such a length I can relate but one. And that the very gallant act Of Captain Andrew Drew, Whose name must be immortalized— Likewise his daring crew. A Yankee steamer oft had tried The rebels aid to briog. This English seaman swore that he Would not allow the thini;. The captain and his gallant crew, Whos»! names I wot not all. From ijchlosaer cut the steamboat oat. And sent her o'er the Fall . Oh then the Yankees stormed outright, And spoke of reparation. A p^'choy flsme then rose through this Tobacco- chewing nation. mmmm^w l|!IJ||jpi]Jli|J,I lll^JJJllJ.iL ^f"«w' liM,pi|»l5i„l ,i,AW| LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 869 m « H o !>• W O r •/ iK, 'i ; .;- < I 4 % 870 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. i.|;'-f Captain Draw's exploit was rapturously applauded throughout Uppar Canada, and in the following April, when the St. George's Soeiety of Toronto dined together as usual oD the evening of the 23rd, the toast of the *' Royal NaTy" was received with great en- thuBiasm. It was responded to by Captain Marryatt, the famous novelist, who, after he had returned thanks for the honor done to him in couplins; his name with the toast proposed, gave, as an additional volunteer toast, " Captain Drew and bis brave comrades who out out the Caroline." The gallant Captain's proposal was received with loud acclamations. END OF THE REBELLION. For the next four or five months there were no naval events of any consequence in con- nection with the rebellion ; but, on the 29th of May, an occurrence took place in the upper part of the St. Lawrence, at a place called Wells' Island, which caused quite as much exoitemeot as the burning of the Caroline. It was there that the British steamboat. Sir Robert Peel, was seized by an arriiod band of men, between thirty and forty in number, under a braggart named William Johnson, who had blackened their faces' and in other ways disfigured themselves for that purpose. After plun- dering the boat and ill-treating the pas- sengers, among whom were several ladies, they took the vessel out into the river, set her on fire, and burned her to the waters' edge. There were about eighty passengers, who saved scarcely an article. A Mr. Holdttch, of Port RoberUon, lost |6,000, and Captain Bullock, of the Neptune, was also a heavy loser. In the following November took place what is always known as the Hattle of the Windmill. A number of despera- does on board the steamer United Skates and the two schooners Charlotte, of To- ronto, and Charlotte, of Oswego, attempted to invade Canada at Prescott. The pro- ject tailed utterly, and also resulted in serious loss of life among the invaders. Ihe notorious Johnson was again to the fore, he having oommand of one of the two schooners. In this engagement the following lake steamer*, which had been armed in consequence of the rebellion, played an active part. They were the Ex- periment, Queen Victoria and Coborrg, under Captains Dick, Sutherland and cJi- elengh. Ihe Transit, also, under Captain Richardson, did good service during the rebellion in transportiag troops and carrying despatches. The liotorious Johnson has been mentioned more than once already. In the summer of 18S8 he got himself into troable with the United States authorities on a charge of piracy, and only narrowly escaped the fate he so richly deserved ; but, as an Amreioan paper at the time remarked, "good rope could be better employed." Johnson was accused, among other crimes, of having used United States territory on the St Lawrence in furtherance of his plans, ho being a British subject. While a fugitive from justice, he issued the following procla- mation : — " To all whom it may concern. " I, William Johnson, a natural born citizen of Upper Canada, certify that I hold a commission in the Patriot Service of Upper Canada as Commander-in-Chief of the naval forces and flotilla. I commanded the ex- pedition that captured and destroyed the steamer Sir Robert Peel. My headquarters was on an island in the St. Lawrence. I yet hold possession of that station. I act under orders. The object of my move- ments is the independence of the Canadas. " Signed this tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- dred and thirty-eight. '• William Johnson." This boaster introdu-^ed a great deal of matter that was wholly irrelevant and which it is unnecessary to reproduce The end of 1838 saw the end of the rebel- lion, and matters, both on the lakes and on land, resumed their normal condition. CHAPTER CCXLIIL Complalalns Travellers — The Steansers Clreat Britain and VletorU — Captain Thomas Dick and Mr. Ollklson. Notwithstanding the troubled state of the province in 1838, the steamboat Sir F. B. Head, after undergoing extensive repairs, resumed her usual trips, leaving Peter- borough for Claverton, Rice Lake, at 8 o'clock, a. m. , and returning from the latter port at 12 noon, daily. The owners of the Great Britain, Captain Whitney, in announcing the arrangements for the trips for that vessel for 1838, from Kingston round the lake to Oswego, assure their intending patrons that " the accommo- dations on board the Great Britain are not surpassed by any boat on Lake Ontario, the gentlemen's and ladies' cabins being fitted up entirely with roomy and airy staterooms, with two berths in each." None of tlie steamboat proprietors were at all modest in describing the excellences of their various vessels. It is sad to have to say that this good opinion was not shared so fully as it might have been by the public generally. Complaints about the incivility of ■ervanks, the bad quality of the meals, wines and ■pirita provided, were both loud and deep. I- ' t I bIK ALAN NAFIER MACNAB, BART. Op. .S7quare, Oakville and Port Credit, on her way up and down. "The boat will leave Port Hamilton on Wednesday, at eleven precisely. "N.B.— Travellers by this boat to Dundas will always meet tht> stages for Gait and the inland country.' There was no change whatever on Lake Simcoe in 1838 respectiiif; its solitary steam- er, as will be seen from this notice taken from the Colonist of May Ist, IS.'iS : 872 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. (i > " Lake Simcoi— Stkamboat Notick.— The Peter Kobinson will leave Holland LandinK for the Narrows, via Barrie and Oro, every Monday and Friday, and via 0«orgina and Thoriah every Wednesday. On return to the Holland L mding will leave the Narrows every Tuesday and Saturday, Tia Thoriah and Ueorgina, and via Oro and Uarrie every Thursday. "The hour of departure for the Holland Landing and the Narrows will be eight a. m. precisely. Wm. Ladghton, Managing Owner. " A KKABFOL CALAMITY. A dreadful steamboat disaster occurred on Lake Erie on June 16th. The George Washington, on her passage from Detroit to liuffalo, when about 33 miles from the latter city, was discovered to be on fire, and before she could be run ashore was entirely consumed, nearly the whole of her passen- gers perishing in the flames or being drowned. Over thirty persons perished. They were chiefly Americans. The Hamilton, Captain Mills, ran during the seamen of 1838 between Kingston and Kiver Trent, leaving former place on Mon- days, Wednesdays and Fridays at 8 a. m , and the latter on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at 2 p. m. In 1839 the Commodore Barrie, Captain Patterson, commenced her regular trips on April 8th, leaving Kingston on Mondays and Thursdays at 6 p. m. and Toronto on Wednesdays and Saturdays at the same hoar, touchine at intermediate ports. On the Bay of Quiute the Kingston began her season's wOrk on April i7tb in connection with the Sir James Kempt between King- ston and the River Trmt. The sailing ar- rangements were the same as those of the year previous for the Hamilton, which in this year had both her route and her captain changed. The Hamilton, Captain R. Gaskin, made four trips a week between Kingston and Oswego, leaving the first port every alternate day, beginning with Sunday at 9 a. m. and the latter on the intervening week days at 8 a. m. and on Sunday at 7 p. ni. Another Bay of Quinte steamer^ the Albion, of 200 tons, built at Brockville, was launch ed this year. iShe had as captain \V. T. Johnson. She ran from Kingston to Belle- ville, and sailed from both places on the same day as her competitor, the Kingston, but at diiterenW hours. The Great Britain, Captain Jacob Herchmer. resumed her regular route from Kingston to Niagara and Oswego, calling at a?l intermediato ports. Barly in April the Commodore Batrrle, William IV and St. George ran from Kingston to Toronto. The river steamers Dolpiiin and Brockville. ran in oonnection with the vessels just men tioned between Kingston and Dickenson's Landingldaily, Sundays excepted. Later in the season the Hamilton, Catkin Gaskin, again had the route changed. In- stead of from Kingston to Oswego, in Octo- ber she began to run and continued to do so for the remainder of the year between Ro- chester. Toronto, Port Hope and Hamilton. The Transit and Queen Victoria, under the Richardsons, father and son, ran this season as usual from Toronto to Niagara. The lamoBs Gildersleeve launched a new vessel of 250 tons in 1839, at Kingston, naming her after himself, Henry Gildersleeve. She commenced her regular trips in the t ol- lowing season. In 1840 another steamer appeared on Lake Simooe, supplanting the Peter Robinson. She was known as the Simcoe, her managing owner beinfir the same as that of the former vessel. She was thus advertised in the Toronto Patriot : 181*. LAKK SIMCOE. SVM.UER AKB4XtiKMENTS. THE STKAM PACKET SIHCOK WILL LEAVE HOLLAND LANDING For the Narrows, via Inniafll, Barrie and Oro. Mondays and Fridays, and via OeorKina, Thorah and Mara, Wednesdays. RETCKNINC WILL LEAVE THE NARROWS F^r Holland IiandlnK, via Mara, Thorah and Georf^na, Tuesdays and :?aturdars, and via Oro, Barrie and Innisfll, Thursdays. Wind and weather permitting. The hour of departure from Holland Landing and the Narrows will be eight o'clock a.m. precisely. /I^Will commence Monday, the 4th May, in connection with the staf^cs. WM. LAUGHTON, Manairing Owner. Lake Simcoe, April 23, ISiO. CAPTAIN Richardson's vessels. The two steamers in which Capt. Richard- son had such an interest, namely, the Transit and Queen Victoria, were in this season commanded as in the one immediately pre ceding it. They were advertised to ply during 1840 as follows :^ LAKE ONTARIO. Toronto, \iaffara, Queentton and LemliloH. the: stbam packkts TKANM1' AND QVRKN YI<;T*RIA. THE 8TJ!'a11KR TltANSIT, HUGH RICHARDSON. Master, leaves Toronto daily, at half -past seven o'clock in the morning, for Niagara, Queeaston and Lcwiston ; arrives at Lewi»ton at noon. RETURNING : Leaves Lewiston daily, at 3 p.m.. touidting at Queenston and Niagara : arrives at T«ronto at U p.m. ^^^>''»" ondays and 4tli May, ia LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 873 THE QVBBW TICT»EIA. HUGH RICHARDSON, JUNR., MaaUr, Leaves Lewleton daily, at 7 o'clock in the moninff. tor Toronto, toucaiiw at Queenston and Niagara ; arrlTes at Toronto at noon. RETURNING : LeaTei Toronto daily at 3 o'clock in the after- noon, for Niagara, Queenston and Lewiiton ; arrives at Lewiston at 6 p. m. By the Transit, passengers may nroceed from Toronto to Niagara Fails and Buffalo, or from Buffalo to Toronto, wltb ease, in the course of the day. t^ No luanffje taken in charge unless booked and paid/or. May. 1840. Captain Dick, formerly commanding the Experiment and later the Victoria, was in this year in charge of the Gore, that vessel with the Britannia. Captain William Colclough, and the Burlin<;ton, Captain Robert Kerr, forming a line from Rochester and intermediate ports via To- ronto and Hamilton to Niagara. It is worthy of note that ateamboat advertise- ments are far more concise now-a-days than thay were then, lite following advertise- ment is copied from the Toronto Patriot ; LAKE 0.\T.4BIO-184a. yew Line of Low- Pressure Steamers from BoclitMer to Cobourg, Port. Hope. Toronto, Hamilton, Niagara, and Lewinton. Thb New and Fast Saiunq Stea.mkr ClORE. Three Times a Week. Captaix Thomas Dice. WILL, until further notice, leave ROCHES- TER, at Sunset, and the lower Landing at half past ten, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday Evening, for COBOURG ; and wUl leave Cobourg for PORT HOPE and TORONTO, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Morn« ing. at half past 5 o'clock. Returning, the Gore will leave Toronto for Rochester.touching at Port Hope and Cobourt;, every Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday ni)e was at once transmitted to Auburn, N. Y. , county jail, but owing either to extraordinary vigil- ance on his part, or want of it on the part of hiscustodians.he made his escape when about four miles from his destination. The steamboat owners were very unfor- tunate in this summer, no fewer than three of their vessels being disabled in as many days. The Ontario broke her shaft in as- cending the rapids from Dickenson's La ding. The Gore's machinery also broke down on her journey between Rochester and Cobourg, the Commodore Banie assisting her into Port Hope. While disabled the B '^annia was placed upon her route. The thira accid- ent occurred to the St. George which broke her shaft on July 8th wiieu ten miles out from Oswego on her journey across the lake. The Britannia again enacted the part of the Good Samaritan, towing the St. George also into Port Hope. Later in the season a slight change was made in the arrangements, as will be seen by the following : NOTICE. THE STEAMER COKE. \17ILL leave TORONTO for KINGSTON, on »' T Tuesday Evenitig next at 9 o'clock ; and will leave KINGSTON for TORONTO on Wednesday Evening, on the arrival of the steamer from Preaeott Cabin Pataaget Ite* DoUara and a htUf, (Mealu extra.) Deck PasHuge Onr Dollar. The aORU will leave Toronto tor Rochealtr on Thursday and Sunday evenings as hereto- fore. Toronto. July 7. 1810. The 32nd Regiment, or rather tho eom- miuionod officers thereof, dc not appear to have been enthusiastically fond of boating at they thus advertise : FOR SALE. 4 SIX-OARED QIQ— complete in every re- ouisite— New Yoric built. For partioulats, apply to the Meaaman of the. S3nd Regiment. Toronto. July 21. 1840. This notice appeared in the Patriot for many suocessive weeks. MILITIA AT QUEENSTON. A great public meetiuK of the Canadian militia and others was held on Queenston Heights on July 30th, and this was the oc- casion for an imposing naval display. Tho meeting itself was convened for the purpose of raising funds to restore the monument erected to the memory of General Brock, the recent destruction of which had been at- tempted. Four steamers left Toronto for Niagara at about half past seven in the morning : The Transit, Captain Richardson, decorated with evergreens, reminded one of "The VV^ood of Birnam," and Malcolm's direction, " Lot every soklier hew him down a bough and bear't before him" seemed to have been fully observed ; this moving ^rove was relieved by the bright standards of the National Socie ies, the colours of Enp;land, Scotland and Ireland producing, through tL<> leafy screen, an effect as beautiful as impressive ; The Queen Victoria, Captain Richardson, Jr., also decorated with flags, ensigns and streamers ; The Gore, Captain Thomas Dick, bearing aloft a mighty Union Jack, left the city wharves, the Transit and Victoria leading by about three miles, the Gore following in their lee ; The Tra- veller, Captain Sandom, R. N. waited at the Garrison wharf for His Excellency ttin Lieut. Governor, who with his Staff em- barked as the Gore passed by ; His Excel- lency being received by a guard of honor of the 32nd Regiment ; the pair of Colors — bearing the word "Niapara" —presented to the uld Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada by His Most Gracious Majesty George the Fourth, then Prince Regent, were placed on board the Traveller, tiie fine band of the 34th Regiment bein^ also on board. THE ABKIVAL AT NIAGARA. After a delightful passage, the fonr vessels keeping in sight of each other. Fort George '.soon rose to view, and while ap- ' J^ipw). LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 875 proaohtng th« month of the Kivar NUgaia, the paasengart of MMh wera gratimd in Mting on the right two ttaMnert bearing rapidly down, aa if from Hamilton, while on the left a leviathan of the lake waa fir wing on to the place of aaaembling ; on the arrival of each veuel at the wharves, which, with the adjacent banks, were eeopled with a dense cruwd, it was received y a Insty shoot of welcome, and a thander- ing salute froai a Icng eighteen-pounder, which, remarkably enough, had the day before been onearthed from ita forgotten resting place, where it had remained buried since, perhaps, the battle of Queenston, and what then, as an engine of destruction, poured forth its iron hail againnt the enemies of the gallant Brock, now figured as the peaceful herald of the hero's fnends. THB MOVK TO QOUNSTOIf. After waiting some short time at Niagara, the eif ht steamers assembled in line, and started for Queenston in the following order : ^ a kt o o m JO • a c •3 s o «• M ^ « o ^ «> o PI 4 "O u t s 2 £, o 9 o s E H C5 O K O A • « • M M ^ M .c M .c .fi u. H H H H H H H When the grand procession passed Port Nia- gara (U.S.) scarcely a living being was to be seen. As the fleet moved upwards, the sight was animating in the extMme— eight fine vessel.s streaming with enaiirns, the Royal Standard of England, in parti- cular, flying at the mast head ot the Traveller, all breasting toeether the cata- ract-fed current of the rushing i iver, the numbers of brave men on board of ihein, all united in one common noble purpose, and the martial strains which floated on the breeze, all contributed to the efFecc ; the overhanging banks crowded with persons, some waiting to |raze as the vessels passed, others hastening onward to ke^ pace witti them, adding to the beauty of the scene. The meeting was duly held, and it was de- cided to rebuild a new monument. Sad to say, after all this enthusiasm, that it took nearly twenty years to do it. The Toronto yearly regatta took place on August 1st, the anniversary of the battle of tii« Nile. The skiflf match for prizes of f20, $10 and $5 had fir ^ competitors. The winners were R. RenardsoB, J. Goodin and John Ircdale. In tlie race for sailing boats upder two tons nine were entered. A dispute arose as to the winner. Two boats started for the fouroared match; prize a silver oup valued fflO. They wtie the Sylph and Water Lily, and the fomu r won by SIX lengths, time 28 minutes. Tie amatear skiff match was won by Mr. Angi a Morrison. The prize waa a silk ensign at d silver enp. The day waa fine, and the Transit, under Captain Richardson's command, was at the serviee of hundreds of guests, to whom the ever hospitable sailor was a genial ho^t. The band of the .12nd Regiment furuiahed the music. OITIDBNDS AMD DISASTERS. This advertisement from the Patriot waa doubtless most comforting to the individuals referred to. NOTICE. THR stoekholdera of the Steam Boat Cobourg are hereby notlHed that the Committee have this day declared a dividend ot two pounds Currency per Share, payable on or after the 12th Instant, at the offlee ot W. L. Perrin, Esquire, Toronto. Byorderof the Committee. DAVID M. PATERSON. Secretary. Toronto, 4th August, 1840. On October 8th, as the Gildersleeve waa about leaving Cobourg for flamiltou, her boil r exploded with considerable force, sckldng two men severely. Later in the month ther« was a serious accident to the steamor William the Fourth, while on her passage do» n the lake on Oct. 28th. This was caused by a heavy south sea breaking in the false .sides of the ship and causing her to take in such large quantities of water that serious mischief WM threatened. To save her from smkiug she was run aground in South Bay, w^here the mail bags, passengers and captain were transferred to the Malcolm, an American vessel, which had come alongside to render what assistance she cuuld. The Malcolm then proceeded to Kingston, arrivinij there with her oixrgo and all on board the same night in safety. There was much discontent all through the two provinces at this period with the postal a.^'rangementa, and tlie establishment of a mail line by steamer from Toronto to Kingston h»A been decided upon. In antici- pation of this event the following adver- tisement was is&ued from Montreal : — POST-OFFICE NOTICE. TENDERS will be received by the Deputy Post Master General, at the }>ost Oflice Montreal, until Noon on Saturday, the .itli Dec. prox.,for the conveyance of Her Majesty's Mall, by Stkam-Boat, between Diclcenson's Landing and Toronto wharf, for a term of ye(ir.s, coramencinK with the navigation of 1841. Tlte conditions for the required engagement are described in a Notice, wljirh may bo hae lauding place known for so iiuiiiy year!) ns Rees' Wharf, at the foot of Siiuuoc, tiit'ii Graves street, i oroato, was uuinplciuil in 184U and was thus advertised: TO MERCHANTS AND FORWARDERS. TO LKASK ON KKASONABLK TERMS. ri'^HB new wharf and other promises recently 1 erected at the foot of Graven street. The Wharf is well adapted fur tho shipment of Pro- duce. Lumber. Sec, being but for a short time during the winter Moaaon obstructed with ico. Toronto, 29th November. 1840. Aipong schooners on tiie lake during this season were the Hero and the Margaret. Tliey conveyed large quantities of goods '^'111 Kin£;ston to Toronto, Hamilton and Niai^ara. .1 u ji as the year was closing it was an- nounced by the Kingston Chronicle, of Dec 2ud,that "her Majesty's new steamer, Mino.s. recently built at Chippawa, has received her machinery, and proceeded up Lake Erie a few days since on her trial trip. She is very strongly built and goes at the rate of twelve miles an hour." THK SECOND FRONTENAC lu 1841 there were yet more additions to the ateam vessels on Lake Ontario besides those intended for the Royal Mail Line. The Frontenac, the second of the name, ap- peared on Lake Ontario, her route being from Toronto to Kingston. She was at first a sort of naval free lance, ana caused much oonstcrnation to the proprietors of the other steamer.s on the lakes by the low rate at which she carried passengers. No resord, though, exists that the travelling public were at all distressed at these proceedings on the part of her owners. On the contrary, they appear rather to have appreciated the unusually cheap fares. It is just barely possible that if similar competition were to ensue now betwepn our two great railway companies, with a like result, their patrons would not add to their perplexities ijy com. plaints of being charged too little. The steamer Burlington was burned at the (Queen's wharf, Toronto, on the morning of Tuesdaf, March 30th, 1841. Fortunately DO lives were lott The Cobourg Star of April 7th, 1841, has this paragraph : — "Opksino op NAviOATioir. — Early on Monday morning [this would be on April r>th] the well-known bell of the Uore drew all hands to the wliarf, to greet the first arrival of the season — a most welcome eveat truly in the present state of the roads and after four months winter. The (-ore takes her old route to and from Rochester and To- ronto, calling at Cobourg and Port Hope on her way down for the present twice a week, viz , Mondays and Thursdays in the morn- ing, and returning the following evenings. She is this year commanded by Capt. Kerr, a gentleman favourably known to the travel- lin:: public as late captain of the Burliugton — Capl;. DicU, who formerly sailed the Gore, having now ciiarge of his own vessel, the To- ronto." There were no alterations in either of the Bay of Quintc steamers for 1841, the Kingston, Capt. Harrison, and the Albion, Capt. W. T. Johnson, lunning as before. The Union, Captain Drummoud, was on the route between Kingston and Rochester, leaving each place three times a week. The Commodore Barrie, Captain Patter- son, to quote her advertisement for the sea- son, " plied between the following pori« : — Prescolt, Kinscston, Oswego, Wellington, Cobo;irg, Port Hope, Bond Head Harbor, Port Darlington, Whitby, Toronto, Hamil- ton, Nia.uni, Lewiston and Quecnstou." The City of Toronto, of the II. M. Line, ran from Toronto to Niagara every Monday, leaving the former place at 8 a.m., and re- turning from the latter in the afternoon. The Britannia, Transit, Victoria, and St. George were also all fully employed during the 1841 season. Thoy i early all connected with the steamers of tbe R. M. Line. The steamer Vulcan, Richard T. Johnson, appeared on the upper St. Lawrence between Kingston and Belleville in August, leaving the former place on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and the latter on the alternate days. She is described by the Kingston Chronicle as beii j '* a new boat, and a most desirable conveyance for passengers and freight." The Cobourg began to run again somewhat late in the season, as will be seen from tho following advertisement, which reads : — KED17CEO FARES BETWEEN KINOSTOIT AMD TORONTO. THE .STEAMBOAT COBODUS, LlECT. KT.HSLRY, R. N., COklMANDBR, Y M7 ILL ply between KinR.ston and Toronto. vT calling at Cobourg and Port Hope each way, weather permittlDg, until further notice LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 877 Le«vtnc Kingston every Mondar and Thun- der flreniiiK ai 7 o'cloclc, and Toronto, VTury Wednesday and Saturdity, noon, lit I'J. Cabin fare between Kinsston and Toronto, li. Du. from Kingston, or Toronto, to Fort Hope and i^obourg, 93. Deck faro to alt the aboTO ports. $1, Thu Cobourir baa undergono a thorough re- pair during the last winttir, and un Improve' menl was made in her boilurn which has con- siderably increased her speed ; she is now not Inferior to any bent on LiiUn Ontario, in point of Bojety. comfort ami roni'cnirnce, »nil it la well known to be one of the bom sua boats on i he IaIco. As hIu) will not bo detained w.iiting tor tlie mail, the above hours will bo piiiicni tlly attended to. Pasxenxern with thplr baggage will pleasu be on board bofore the lime ap- pointed for sailing. For freight or passage, having superior ac- commodationa. apply on board or to W. I* I'KRKIN. Toronto. August lith, 18tl. lu 1841 tlie new ateantboat Prince Kdward was built at (iatdaer Island for the Bay of Quinto route. She made her trial trip to Bath and hack ir ^ i eo hours "She is beautifully finished, .ut hoinx rather crank in the water il « ill probably be neceasary to give her falae aides." So aaid onu of the local papers. The stciiiiiboat, Prince of Wales, built at the ninriiii^ railway and intended for the Iwy, was also launched in thi.s year. She had the engine of the Sir James Kempt On August 9th a terrible disaster occurred on Lake Krie, when the steamboat Erie, an American vesusel, Captain i'. J. Titus, was totally destroyed by tiro and nearly two handred people p irished. Not a paper nor an article of any kind was saved. There were between thirty and forty cabin pas- sengers, of whom ten or twelve were ladies. la thu steerage were one hundred and forty passengers, nearly all of whom were German or >wi«s iiniiiigiunts. it wan a singular.uo- iacidence that the Erie was burned at almost the same spot where the Washing- ton, also an Amorican vessel, experienced a similar fate in June, 18.'i8, a very little more than three years previously. It is Bot pleasant to have *o tecord that instead •f being the last to leave his ship, Captain Vitus was one of the very first I Such con- 4«ct is happily as rare in the American nsercantile marine as in the British. The Kingston regatta took place under the patrona',;e of Captain Sandom, R.N, •n August '29feb. Among the names of the Rtewards on the occasion are those of Henry Oildersleeve, Lieut. Harper, B.N., Samuel H. Harrison, and John Roy, all of whom were well-known men throughout the entire pro vines. The events were five, and consisted of : — Sailing match, value $48 : Six-oared race, Four-oared race, $30 ; Skiff race, $20 ; and a skiff race, opim to all comers, for two prizes of fltt and $10 each. it was a sine qua non that all boats wor* to b« bona tide British built The day was tine and everything passed off with great eclat. The Toronto regatta wait held on August Slut. There was soaloely any change in t'.io prograinnio from that of preceding year.^. In 184>2 tlie Britannia ran between Ham- ilton and Toronto, her old route, with Cap- tain J. (jordon in conitnaitd COM.M(>l>(>Ri: IIAKKIK, t'ARKWRI.U The Coinmodora Barrie for u brief period was on her uccustoinod course, but her day had all but passed, for on May 4th, when she had only been running for a few days, the end came. 'J he Toronto Examinfr ol May 4th, 1842, roftnrts the closiiiL' cc-no iti her lite thua briefly : — "We regret to iearn that the steamer Commodore Barrie, plying between Kingston and Bidloville.waa run foul of by k schooner on Siturday night last, and sunk. The crew and passenger:! were all saved, l>at the vessel and cargo, (about 500 barrels of flour), will prove a total loss." The acci- dent occurred ue%rly oppo.site Prcsqu'lsle, the Barrie colliding with tiie schooner Can- ada, going up the river." The Kliiijslon ihrald also describe."! the accident, and adds with dignity : — "As tha matter will probably undergo a jud cial in- vestigation we al)ataiii from any commonts on the fact?. The night was cloudy '' A steatiier built in Canada in this year plied between BufTalo and Detroit ; she waa known as the Kent, and called at the inter- vening potts. There was at the tin e what a shipping notice of April 1 1 in that year describui as a " new line of steamers." Th«y ran four times a week from Toronto and Hamilton to Rochester. They w^re the America, Captain Henry Twohy, and the Gore, Captain Robert Korr. The former left To- ronto, calling at Port Hope and Cobourg, at 9 o'clock every Sunday and Wednesday evenings, and Rochester every Tuesday and Saturday morni«vs ali^o at 9 o'clock, calling at Cobourg and Port Hope. The Gore left Toronto on Tuesdays and Fridays at noon, and liocliest«r on Mondays and Thursdays at 9 a m. These steamers also plied be- tween Toronto and Hamiltou. Patocls aed luggage were, the notice is careful to add. " at the risk of the owaers unless booked and paid for." Mr. E. S. Alport was the agent in Toronto. Later in the year, in August, the America and Gore made three trips a week instead of four, and called also »t Bond Head, Darlington and O^shawa. W^ I m ! i I j i I i it ! pi fi-; ' u 1^.: : !fe 1 878 LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. Tha Mine year a steamer known as the St. David ran from Kingston to Lachino, accom- plishing the journey in about twenty hours. The Toronto Ke/{atta, unaer the patron- age of the Mayor, took place on Sept mber 5th. The presidents were Mr. Hugh Rich- ardson and the Honorable J. Elmsley, R. N. , and among the list of stewards are the namei of Captains Steele, Stewart and Bald- win, all of the Royal Navy, also Captains Oiuk and Culcleugii, of the lake steamers, There was but one sailing match open to all boats built upon keels and under ten tons. There w re seven othur competitions, all rowing matches. The total amount of the prizes was only £77 10s currency, a little more than f'iOO. There was little interest taken by the public in the proceedings. The lame steamers i» in 1841 ran from Toronto to Niagara in connection with the mail line to Kingston. A steamer that for many yean did good service on the lake was commenced this season at Niagara. She was of 400 tons burthen, was called the Chief Justice Robinson, was built by .Captain Ruhardson, formerly of the Canada,and was for some time commanded by his sou, Hugh Richardson, jr. Her bow was of peculiar con- struction, she having an enormous cutwater, not unlike a double furrowed plough. This was to enable her to cut through ice the more readily, and it to a very great extent accomplished its intended purpose. The Administrator, of equal tonnage with the Chief Justice, was built at or nearly the same time, and her route at first was the same as that of the latter. The Despatch, a small vessel of '200 tons, built, it is be- lieved, at Hamilton, and running between tliat nort and Toronto, Captain Edward Harrison, also made lier first appearance in this year. The VVolIuud, of 300 tons was also launched in 1812. She had vario^:? routes, but ran for many years, being final!' hiiriicd in 185G. A stuanier called the Lady of the Lake, which was afterwards changed into the Queen City, was lauuchel in 1S43, She was tiie property of tlie Americ.in Steam- boat Company and her route was at first from Toronto to Niagara She was looked npon as a crack vessel and great things wore expected of her. SCTIIKKLANDS NEW STKAMKB. When the navigation opened in 184;) there was yet another new steamer known tirst as tiie Commerce, afterwards as the Eclipse, Cuptiiin James Sutherland. Her route was Hamilton and Toronto. All the Canadian steamers carried goods and passengers for the United States, in couneution with a New York lino of vessels plying between Oswego and New Yoik, wlioio announce- ment Oi sailings fur 1843 reads thus : — OSWEGO LINE OF LAKE BOATS THE Proprietors of this Line desire to inform the Pabllc that their DAIL.Y LINK OP LAKR BOATS will run between NRW YORK and OSWUOO. direct {withoMt trana ahipmemt at Albany or Troy), as haretofors, during the Season of 1843. THE STEAMBOATS ST. LAWKBNCE. ONBIDA AND EXPRRSB Run in our Line (exclusively), giving us superior facilities for transporking Property to and from the different places on LAKE ONTARIO AND RIVEB .ST. LAWRENC*. Connected wit h the Line are TEN BlIBSTANriAL SCHOONERS. Plying between OSWKUO and the various I'orts on LAKE ERIE AND THE UPPER LAKES. The agents of this line were : In Kingston, J. H. Greer ; in I'oronto, George Urquhart, who resided on Yonge street, and in Hamil- ton, Messrs. Gunn k Hrowne. The Gora, Admiral, An^eri a and Chief Justice all re- sumed tlieir usual course in this se -son, the Transit and the Queen Victoria also, so that, considering the population of Upper Canada at this tiir.e, the means of trans- portation from place to place can not be deemed to have been inadequate. The Eclipse was one of the steamers that ran in connection with the Royal mail line, as also did the Chief Justice. It is somewhat amusing to note how very complacently the owners of the steamboats describe their .various crafts. The advertisement issued respecting; the sailings of the Eclipse just mentioned is a case in point. She is described as the ROYAL MAIL STEAMER ECLIPSE. CAPTAIN JAMES SUTHERLAND. THIS now and last sailing steamer will, nntil further notice, leave Mumilton for Toronto at 7 o'clock a.m., and returning, will leave To- ronto at 3 o'clock p.m., touching at the inter- mediate ports. TUo above boiit has been built, expressly for this route, and oJFors superior aei'oinmodation to the iravolling piiblie. Iluiulltou and Rochester iiteamboat UfUce, Toronto, 3lHt July, 1843. The reason the Eclipse received that name instead of the Commerce was on account of the fact that on her trial trip from Niagara to Toronto she accomplished the distance in less time tlian the l.ady of the Lake, then looked upon as the s\viftcst vessel. Her name was ttiereupou changed to Eclipse, A\e having "eclipsed" anything then upon the lake. The Brockville, Captain Maxwell, was between Kingston and Dickinson's Landing; the Prince of Wales, Crysler, and Prince Edward, W, T. Johnson, were on the llay of Quints ; the Union, still under Captain i^urns, was on her old loute, while in con* tmimm LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 879 nflction with the lake iteamen tlie Pilot, Robert Uilpin, and ttio Bytown, Sugbred, left Kingston for Montreal everjr Tuesday and Thurniiay respectively. The events of the season of 1844 do not call for any very extended comment. From Kingston^ran the steamer Pilot for Montreal direct, advertised thus : — This well known, favorite low pressure boat will resame her reeular trips on the opening of navigation, leaving; Kingston as usual every Tuesday at 2 p. m , and Montreal every Tharsday at 6 p.m. The owners bsg to intimate that some im- provement has been made in her boiler, by which they expect her speed will be very materially irereaaed ; also other improve- ments to the boat in gen> ral, thereby adding to her comfort and convenience. H. & S. Jones. Capt. Router succeeded \V. T. Johnson in command of the Prince Edward on the Hay of Quinte. A rLKASANT ARRANOEMRNT. It was widely advertised that the new and fast sailing steam packet Prince Edward (Captain Bonter) *' will commence running on the Bay of Quint* on Monday next, and continue during the ensuinjc season as fol- lows : — Will leare Belleville for Kingston every Monday, Wednesday and Friday avening, at 6 <>'cloek, touching »t the inter- mediate places on her way down. " And will I'lave Greer's wharf, KinG;ston, for Belleville and the River Trent every Tuesduy and Thursday eveniucr, at six, and every Saturday avening at four, touching at the intermediate places. N.H.— Passages free for reverend gentlemen ot all denonii- nations." This was very pleasant for the " reverend gentlemen. ' On April 14th a propeller, afterwards known as the London, containing an engine ot 25 horse povpr, w».s launched at Cobourg. Sliti was the p operty of Mr. Baker, of that town, and w%s intended for the carrying trade from there to Montreal The steamers Favorite, Britannia and Rob l^oy, forwarding steamers under Captains Jones, Maxwell and Dickinson, received and forwarded goods, produce and passengers from Montreal to Kingston and vice versa, by the Rideau canal and River St. Lawrence It goes without saying, that the agens for these steamers, both in Kings- ton and Montreal unite in describin^r them " as being all of the first class and fitted up in a style equal to any on the route." Such may have been the case certainly, but it is somewhat disquieting to find travellers who tell a somawhat different tale. For instance Bonnycastle in his book of travels, referriner to this period, makes loud complaints al>out the absence of comfort experienced and em- phatically pronounces "the charge for wine shameful, seven shillings and sixpence a bottle and stuff of the most i.iforior qual ity." Tha charge may have been true hut the gallant major should have renicmbcied that he oould hasdly expect as mucli com- fort on a river s' earner as at the Royal En- gineers' mess. The old Traveller disappeared thia year. Thij is the last ever heard of her : — " Steamboat for sale at Kingston dock yard. To be sold tiy auction, at Kingston dock yard, on Tuesday, the 28th of the present month. Her Majesty's staam vessel Traveller, with her engines and boilers cmb- plete." The advertisement proceads far- ther to describe the steamer as "afine, fast- going vessel of 1^2 tons, wit 'a a first -rata engine of 90 horse power, ia parfbct con- dition She is now riding at the moorings in Navy Bay, off the dock yard, had a thorough caulking in August last, when she was housed over ; her hold and decks have been well aired with heated stoves daring the winter m^ ths. She may be examined, and also her machinery, ev> ry day previous to the sale, (Sundays excepted), within the working hours "A deposit of 25 per cent, to be made at time of purchase, the remainder of the pur- chase money to be paid before tho ship is removed, which is to be done within one month of the sale, at the sole expense and cost of the pur-.-hasfo splen- rtia scenery of Niagara river, anu arrive at Queenston in time for ihe boats proceeding to Toronto, Oswego, Roohester, Kingston and I Montreal Returning will arrive in time for ' tha eastern ears and tJie boats going wast on Lake Krie. Passengers leavmg Toronto in the morning and taking ihe cars at Queanston and tlia Kmerald at ChTppavra ^will reach BufTato Ixi'ore 5 o'clock in the afternoon. Cars also le.tvo Queenston in ttau erening after tha ar- rival af the steamer that leaves Toroata at ii p. n. J IIP ISU. m4 "Wpfppp^F ■^^•FWi ^w»ww»mpnpw 880 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. II 1 The Admiral left Hamiltoa for Oswego every Tuesday and Saturday at 2 p.m. She called at Oakville, Port Credit, Toronto, and Port Hope both going and returning. The Amaricau and Gore were on the route between Toronto and Rochester. THI CRUISEK CHEBOKKK. Dorinc th< latter end of 1843 was com- laeooed at Kingston a vessel of 700 tons burthen which, when launched the follow- ing year, received the name of the Cherokee She was built under the direct superintend- ence of Mr. Tucker, the naval constructor, sent out to Kingston from England by the Imperial Government. She was commanded by Captain Davis, R. N. Her chief officer wai Lieutenant Riccalton, while Dr. Pierce was her surgeon. Her nrmament consisted of six and nine pounder guns, eighteen in all. P.he cruised between Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton and Niagara. On her trips from Kingston to Toronto and ba«k again Captain Thomas Dick almost invariably piloted her. His fee for this service was five pounds each way, but he thought himself well compen- 8at<;d by the good time he had aboard with the officers, and he used to distribute his pilot fees among the men. After sailing about Lake Ontario for some years the Cherokee was taken to Halifax, and after being lightened up was sold to Captain Ga'skin. who was assisted in his purchase by E. M. Yenwood. late of Kingston, then roimectod with the Bank of Montreal. Captain Gfinkin ran her as mail boat be- tween Halifax and Bt. John's. Another vessel named the Mohawk, also a gunboat, but of very much umaller dimen- sions, being only of 150 tons burden, was built at Kingston about the same time aa ttie Cherokee. She cruised on Lakes Erie and Huron, Her first commander was Lieutenant Tysscn, P.N. He was succeed* ed by Lieutenant Herbert The Mohawk was broken up in the early " fifties." The Fronteuac, Captain Ives, plied from Kingston to Toronto and vice versa. 1 he Charlotte, Bytovn iiid Caledonia ran from Kin<;ston to Montreal as heretofore, as did also a line of propellers. The next season the Eclipse, Captain Gordon, ran between Toronto and Welling- ton Square for part of the time, and for the latter portion of che year extended her journeys to Hamilton. The America con- tinned her (dd route from Toronto to Rochester. The Queen Victoria, Admiral, Transit and Chief Justice ran in connection with each other, and also in connection with the R. M. steamers from Toronto to Niagara and the head of the lake. The Forester, a small steamer of about 250 tons, was launch- ed in the spring of 1845, and made her trial trip on Rice Lake on April I5th. On the 16th of the following September she began under Captain L. L Weller to run regular- ly from Peterborough to Gore Landing. The Gore disappeared this seasen from Lake Ontario. Under the command of Captain James Dick she was taken through the Welland canal, from thence to Lake Huron. She was the first steam vessel belonging to the mercantile marine that plied upon Lake Huron and the Giiorgian Bay. There were no material alterations made either in the steamboats themselves or ia their commanders for the season of 1846. The Despatch, previously mentioned, ran from Toronto to Hamilton, Captain Edward Harrison being her captain. But if there was little alteration in the vessels sailing from one port to the other, there was a verj great deal of change in the farea, ruinous competition being the order of the day be- tween, the rival owners. The Toronto Olob4 of May 13th thus refers to the subject in an article headed ** THE STEAMBOAT MONOPOLISTS." It thus writes :— " The high fares which the owners of steamboats in this province have levied on the public, and which we concttved it our duty to animadvert pointedly upon last year, are now producing their legitimate fruits. The glitterin : prize has produced strong competition between two classes of proprietors who have hitherto not disturbed each other. If the fares had continued rea- sonable, such as not to put narrow limits on the natural advantages this province enjoys for travelling, this might never have oc- curred. But unreasonably hi'ih fares have produced a revulsion to the ether extremity. Captain Richardson reduced the fare to Kingston to $3, a fair price which might have satisfied the public, and afforded an ample remuneration to the proprietors, but the opposite party was not contented and now the passage, as we are informed, may be mads for the ruinously low price of $1, and between Toronto iiud Hamilton for one shilling, or anything " The paper, after sa:ne general remarks ou tlie subject, con- cludes its article i y assuring the steamboat proprietors that any attempt to revert to the former high fares will only provoke new and more determined opposition, adding, in a somewhat lofty tone of patronage, " Cap- tain Richardson's line, as far aswe can learn, is best entitled to support." A pleasure steamor, known as the Island Queen, Captain H. Ives, ran from Kingston to Wolf (^ Island, calling at Garden Island daily. She made four trips each way. Her season extended from May Isc to November Ist, on the Bay of Quiute. ■WPPiP»i^i^PP!P^WWP^T^wwiW^P»w' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 881 The City of Kingston, Captain VV. C. Lawless, made three trips a week btween Kingston and BeileTille, calling at the usual •topping places. A very important meeting, Mr. T. (libba Ridout presiding, was held at Toronto on December 28th, "for the purpose of establishins; a line of freight propellers between Toronto and Oswego." Mr. George Brown, the well-known Canadian states- man, attended and spoke in support of the project. Mr. Brown also referred to the injury done to the country by the exorbi- teat steamboat fares which he said "shackled business, confined knowledge, and were felt M a grievous burthen by the whole of the community." The meeting cam* to an end ■fter passing various n solutions relative to vho water traffic. Trade was exceedingly quiet and times dull when the seabon of 1847 opened, so it is not at all lurprising to learn that there were great complain t» from the owners of lake and river steamers of the scarcity of passengers and the absence and smallnesa of freights. The steamers America, Admiral, EcfipM, Despatch and Chief Justice all were on their accostooied routes. In addition to these was a steamer called the Telegraph, Captain Maaoo, plying between Toronto aud Hamilton. The Britith Canadian, published at To- ronto, August 14th, in the same year contains the following interesting no- tice : " Marriage. On August 6th, by the Reverend J. Barclay, M.A., at St. Andrew's church, Toronto, Captain T. Dick, steamer Chief Justice Robinson, to Joanna, only daughter of the late John Carfrae, Esquire." This year was marked by the fearful mortality caused amont; the efnifraats from the United Kingdom to the Canadas by typhus fever, or, as it was more generally called, emigrant fever. No record exists as to the number of those who died from itt) effects, but it is generally believed to have exceeded one thousand souls. Two new vessels, that afterwards became great popular favorites on the lakes, were launched in the early summer of 1847. They were the Passport and the Magnet. The first of these was the property of the Hon- orable John flaniilton. The Kingston Chronicle of June 12th remarks in a casnal manner, as if new steamboats were as plenti- ful as blackberries, "We have heard that a trial trip has been made of the Hon. John Hamilton's new iron steamboat the ^.'asspert, and that she proves to be, as was antici- pated, the fattest boat on these waters. ' The second of these vessels, the Magnet, was launched at Niagara. Mr. Gunu, of Hamilton, was a very large shareholder. He, in company with the president of the Hamilton Board of Trade and several of the merchants of that city, were present at her launch on July .Srd. IThe materials of which the Magnet was iuilt were imported from £ngland. The vessel was a great credit to the Niagara Dock Company, as well as to Captain Sutherland, under whose direction she was built. It goes without saying thi^t the owners of the Magnet considered their vessel "the best on the continent," but they were, for Canadian steamboat owners of tho day, fairly modest. They only advertised her at first as "the finest vessel on Lake Ontario." These two steamers fulfilled, indeed more than fulfilled, all expectations indulged in concerning them by their owners. More than forty-six years later, iu 1893, they are both fttill on the route from Toronto to Montreal, and are likely to long continue there. An accident occurred to the Transit steamer, formerly owned by Captain Richard- son, in July. While on a journey up the St. Lawrence she struck a sunken rock, which sunk her in shoal water. She was raised and towed down between barges to the Marine railway, Kingston, but the fastenings giving way as she lay near the wharf, she went down in deep water and be- came a total wreck. A well-known sailing vessel, the Scotland, was built at Toronto and launched there in May of Una year. Thomas Brunskill, of Toronto, was her owner, butkhe did not be- gin to make regular journeys until the fol- lowing year. Navigation appears to have had an early start in 1848, as the £olipse resumed her trips from Hamilton to Toronto on March loth, All the other lake steamers b<;gan their journeys at the end of the same ir.onth or very early in the following April. STRANGK, THOUGH TRUK. A correspondent of one of the Toronto newspiipers, dating from Quceiiston, March ;K)th, 1848, relates : "This morning has wit- nessed an unprecedented spectacle, long to bo remembered in cuiincction with the Fall^. Suddenly the waterfall retired to a consiit- erablv extent , towards the centre, so that the table rock was left dry sufficiently to en- able those who had the good fortune to be in the vicinity to go as far across tho river above as to be directly < ver the tremendous fall. This feat was accomplished by ladies and others. Several bayonets, muskets, etc., wero picked op. The water has since re- turned to neariy its osnal level. The can. ^ of theoccurrence is attributed to the acca- mnlation of ice at the ingress to the river from Lake Erie, dosiug for a time the ialot." '"{rj ^mm^^^^^ 882 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. iu :. Of stebmers on the upper St. Lawrenc*, run- ning in connection with the Hamilton, i'o- ronto aud Kingiitou boats, the Empire, Cap- tain Bonter, ran from the River Trent to Monlreal and vice veraa, all through the season, leaving Montreal on Mondays and the i;ay of Quiote on Thursdays. The steAiners Britisli Empire and British Queen plied from Prescott to Montreal so long as the river was open for navigation. An accident attended with the most lamentable loss of life occurred on Lake Erie t.arly in May to the Cummsrce, a propeller plying on that lake. The following extract from a private letter written by a lady residing near Dunn- ville gives a very good account of the circumstances. It is dated Port Mait- land, May 9th, 1848, and reads as fol- lows : — " I fear my letter will almost be tco late, I'ut this most melancholy accident on the lake has so occupied all our alicnlion that 1 could not write before. You have proba- bly seen full particulars of ft in the papers, but as it occurred wiUiiu two miles of us I will mention it again. " The Despatch steamer, on her way to ISuffalo, ran into the Commerce propeller, bound for Port Stanley with a detachment of the 23rd Regiment on board. She sank in fifteen minutes, and forty men, women and children were lost. "The assistant surgeon had left a wife and child in Kingston He was lost. The other three ofiicers were saved but lost everything they had. One of them said he had just drawn three months' pay in ad- vance. Henry went to see tliem today. They were all taken on board the Mmos (the Government steamer). We just now saw them leaving in the Earl Cathcart. The ensign (Sir Henry Chamberlain) and a few men are to remain here to attend to the melancholy duty of burying any of the poor fellows rhose bodies may be cashed on shore. They are bound for London. The re;;imental plate, wine, stores, etc., a<-e all lost, and a very large sum of money. About seventy men are saved. The moat of them were without clothes. They have been partly supplied from Dunnville and this neighborhood, and we all sent them all the bedding and blankets we could spare. A poor little fellow, son of the commiuary in Montreal, waa going up with them for a pleasure trip an i he was lost. You may suppose it banished everything else from our minds. '' CHAPTER CCXLIV. The Trade ef (he Lake Sllll Ceatlaaee U Expaad— Tke Mali Steaasera mn* •tker Matters. With the spring of 1849 the ▼arions steamships that were running in the previous season between the lake ports resumed their journeys. I he line from Toronto to Roch- ester ran as in the season preceding, and consisted of the same vessels There was a slight change on the Niagara line, though, the advertisement issued from the steam- boat office, 22 Front street, Toronto, an- nouncing that THR STEANBR CITT OF TOBONTO. IK PLACE OF THE STEAMER CHIEF JUSTICE ROBINSON, WT'ILL. until further notice, leave Toronto TV (or Niagara. Queenston and Lewiston, every Morninfr. (Sundays excepted), at half- past seven o'clock, comme:)CinK on Monday, April Ist. returning, will leave Lewiston at one o'clock, P.M. This arrangement only lasted a very short time. The Ad'niral, Eclipse and other steamers all continued on their respective routes. As an instance of the time it hen took for a journey from T ronto to Ottawa, it may be mtntiuned that, with hard work, it might be accontplished in 48 hours ; that is, from Toronto to Kingston in twenty, and from the latter town to Ottawa in twenty- eieht hours. The fo lowing advertisement will show how tedious was the journey. Under date Kingston, June 5th, 1849, Mac- pherson & Crane thus advertise : THE LOW PRESSURE STEAMER BK4YBB, CAPTAIN BELL, WILL ply, during the Season, between Kingston and Bytown, and vice versa, twice a-week. as follows— leaving Kiiig->ton every Tuesday and Priday Morning, at Nine o'clock, and Bytown every Wednesday and Saturday Evening, after the arrival of the Phoenix from Grenvibe, afTording to Western Travellers the most iiiterestinc: and comfort- able route to or from the Caledonii. Spring", downwards: Will leave Kingston at 9 A.M. Kingston Mills Upper Bi ewer's Joaei' Falls Isthmus Oliver's Ferry Smith's Falls Kilmarnoek Morrickville Burritt's Kapids Beckett's Laitdins Long Island 10 1P.M. 3 '• " 9 " 10 " 12 Midnight. 2 A.M. 5 '• B •• 9 And arrive at Bytown at 12 o'clock, noon. The season of 1849 witnessed a terrible accident to many of the paeeengers on the steamer Passport, while on her journey from Montreal to Kingston. It ie thns de^'cribed by the Oiobe of Jaly Tst in that year : — We regret to announce that a most fright- ful accident occir.rred t < the steamer Pass- LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ■tlaaei t* 1114 •th«r la Tarions lie previous umed their ) to Roch- jiling, »n(i here was a 19, though, the Bteam- DFonto, an- «OWTO. [ER »SON, MT« Toronto d LewistoB. «d). at half- on Monday, wiston at ono i a very short her steamers e routes, n hen took Ottawa, it liard work, it jurs ; that is, twenty, and I in twenty- advertisement the journey, [h, 1849, Mac- e : bamer L'son, between ind vice versa, ,'lng Kingston pninB. ai Nine fednesdny and larrival of the kg to Western and comfort- mi I Spring"' at 9 A.M. 10 " 1P.M. 3 " 6 " 9 '• 10 '■ 12 Mirtnight. 2 A.M. 5 •' 9 " lo'clock. noon, ^•d a terrible lengers on the Ir joarnev from %bns described Lt year : — la most fripht- liteamer t'ass- port on Thursday evening, on her trip up from Montreal to Kingston. We have as yet received no accurate account of the la- mentable aS'air, except what we have been enabled tu glean from passengers who reach- ed here last evening, but we believe that tho foll':wing narrative will be found sub- stantially correct : — It appears that the chief engineer of the Pasapoi'l has recently been appointed to a better situation, and his successor not having been appointed, the boat on the night in question was in charge of the ■eoond engineer. Unfortunately at t.he time of the accident the second engineer had re- tired to Ins berth, leaving an inferior ofBccr in command — ha being, %a afterwai'ds ap- peared, an illiterats person, unable to read or write. About 9 o'clock p.m. the Passport was off Lancaster (16 miles below Cornwall), the under dock being loaded with steerage paa- ■enaers — when the boat took the ground. Orders were given to stop the engine and back out ; it appears that to do this, from the peculiar construction of the engine, the engineer should have opened one co^k and shut another. He opened the first, but it ia said neglected to shut the other. The steam in consequence rushed from the cylinder, through the hot-well, in among the steerage passengers — and the scene which followed may be imagined. The shriek wiiich broke from the unhappy sufferers we are assured was frightful and was heard several miles off. The utmost consternation struck all on board, the character of the accident being for some time unknown ; four persons jump- ed overboarl, of whom two were saved, but it is feared the other two were drowned. Capt. Bowen and his oiHcers were most energetic, and the simple nature of the dis- aster having been ascertained and confidence somewhat restored, every exertion wus made to relieve the sufferers. A stirgeon came off from Lancaster to their assistance, and the scalded passengers having been brought on deck, it was found that 44 were severely injured. We are told that the scene during the night was horrible in the extreme; the cabin was strewed with men, women and children suffering the most frightful agony, an 1 the shrieks of the dying rang through- out the night. After some delay the boat proceeded to Cornwall, by which time nine of the sufferers had expired. A coroner's inquest was held by Dr AlcDonald and Mr. Dickson, and evidence taken — but we learn that no verdict was rendered, the enquiry having been adjourned. The sufferers in this unfortunate affair were all immigrants. About twenty of them were left behind at Cornwall, and the up to Kingston, additional dealha remainder were brought We understand that four have resulted since the cot oner's inquest sat, and that many others are very seriously in- jured. The following correspondence has taken place between Capt. Bowen and the cabin passengers who were on board the Passport at the lime of the accident, and from what we know of Capt. Boweu's assiduity as a commander, and hia kindness to his pas- sengers, we are satisfied that he deserves all that is said of his conduct on this la- mentable occasion : — " On Board the Steamer Pa-tsport, \ '• June 28, 1849. / " Captain Bowen, '*Dear Sir,— We, the undersigned passen- gers on board the steamer Passport, feel it our duty to record our sense of the prompt and able manner in which you succeeded in allaying the fears of the passengers as well as in averting, as far as possible, the danger to which we were exposed on the evening of the fatal disaster, which occurred on the 27th insl, on our journey from Montreal to Kingston. We feel satisfied that the lamentable occurrence was not in nny way attributable to a want of due vigilance on yeur part, as commander of the steamer, aad we have much pleasure in tendering to yourself, as well as to Mr. Howard and other officers of the ship, our heartfelt thanks for their kind attention to the unfortunate sufferers on this melancholy occasion "A. Logie, Francis Lee, Wm. H. Lee, R. L. Lee, Julia Kirchoffer, Margaret Blews, Frances Lamb, Jemima Cleland, Lucy Alcorn, Anne Alcorn, Jane Huttou, James Gullier, James Gmllier, jr., James Hutton, Wm. SV. Woodcock, John Come, Timothy Lamb, Thomas Yerman, G. H. Cutlini, G. Powell, Frederick A. Ball, H, D. Black, Wm. Heighton, A. W. Clelland. A Baird, B. Cosgtovi, Samuel Alcorn." (reply.) "Steamer Passport, June 28, 1849. "Major Loqie,— "Dear Sir,— I beg to return our sincere thanks fur the very handsome testimonial, which yourself and fellow-passengers now on board the steamer Passport, have so kindly offered as a testimony of the conduct of myself, Mr. Howard, and othtrs, otlicers of the ship, on the evening of the fatal disaster which occurred on the 27th inst., on the steamer's passage from Montreal to Kingston, and to assure you that we shall ever enterta.n a high sense of the kind consideration shown to us upon that melancholy occasion by the whole of the cabin i)aBaen<{ers. " I also beg to thank ycu, sir, for the ^■•!-;'. ^••^^mm^ •wm f^mie^r^ mmmm mum, 884 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. very bandeoine manner in which you were pleased to enclose the said testimonial. " I have the honor to be, Sir, "Your very obliged humble servant, (Signed) " " VfM. BOWEN." The following additional particulars arc from the Kingston Argus ; — On hearing of the unfortunate affair, the owners of the koat immediately telegraphed to Cornwall to have all necessary medical •id supplied, and attendance given to the sufferers Below we give a list of the killed'acd in- jured. — The two first on the list were young women who jumped ov-erboard on the tirat alarm and were drowned. Drowned — Jane Roony, Hannah Forsyth. Dead — Mary and Janu Brown, .Mrs. Glass- ner and two children, Christina Ham hart and one child, James Ferguson, Mrs. Boyd, son and daughter, Mrs. Garvin and daughter, Jane Calton. Injured severely — Thomas Bridle, Hugh Halton and wife, J. Fer&;uson, Arthur O'Con- nor, John Brown, Thomas Gordon, P. Sul- livan, Ann Hickey, Peggy Cummins, Ana Brown, Robert Ross and wife, C. Knox. Slightly— Catharine iMullin, Mrs. Small, Wm, Cook, two Canadians, Huirh Mont- gomery, Wm. Hannah. TINNINO'S CIGAR BOAT. A very peculiar vessel plied at this time OR the bay between Toronto and the Island opposite, known as the "Cigar Boat," from tfao peculiar nature of its construction. The hull consisted of three hollow cylinders, bolted well together and pointed at ekch •ad like a cigar. She w.is a steam side wheel vessel, the property of Mr. R. Tin" ning, the wharfinger. She was anything I ut a success and in the spring of IS50, owing to the floods that had occurred both at the east and west of the city, whereby the Don and Humber bridges were swept away, Mr. Tinning leased the vosssl, her machinery having been removed, to the Toronto City Council, for use as a pontoon brid'^e over the Don until the bridge was repaired. Of course all the upper por- tion of the vessel had been taken away ait well as her machinery. The very first night she was moored at tk« Dor. the ferrymen who, when ah« RMived found, like Othello, " their occu- o<>.tion gone, " sank her, and she had, of iwuitie, to be raised. Nevertheless, she was 'i^»>m placed in position, and guarded each night by special watchmen to prevent fnrthf r outrage. When the bridge was re- paired, the old "Cigar," or what was left of her, was not used for any other pur- pose, but laid by, ana was eventually broken up. On March 20, 1850, the Toronto Examiner announces that the steamers .America and Eclipse have taken " their usual places on the lake, ' the former plying between To- ronto and Rochester, and the latter between 'loronto and Wellicgton Square. The same paper also refers to a new line of steamers, consisting of the Passport, New Era and Comet, that was to be established on Lake Ontario and tlie River St. Lawrence in the season then en- suing. They were to run from Hamilton to Toronto, thence to Montreal, touching at all intermediate ports, in thirty three hours, without transhipment. The steamer City of Toronto was now wholly the property of Thomas Dick. That enterprising mariner had, during the winter of 1849-50, at con- siderable expense furnished hor with new boilers and iron paddles, refitted and put her in such a state of good general repair that she almost resembled a new boat. The Toronto, in the early days of 1850, took the place of the Chief Justice for a .)hort time on the Niagara route, so as to allow the lat- ter to receive some necessary repairs after her winter work, which she had performed without intcrmissioQ in rough and smooth weather. A little later the Chief Justice resumed her usual course. As soon as ever Burlington Bay was free from ice in 1850 — that was about April 1st — the steamer Rochester, Captain John Masson, ran from Browne's whatf for Lewiston and interme- diate ports, meeting the steamers at Lewis- ten running in connection with the Oswego and Syracuse Railroad. The "Horse Boat" has been fully des- cribed in the " Landmarks," but the sub- joined advertisement relating to that old institution on Toronto Bay will prove in- teresting to many readers ; it is headed thus : — CHEAP PLEASURE. THAT Safe and Convenient Horso Boat, the PENINSULA PACKET, will leave Mr. Maitland's Wharf, foot of Church street, every day at 10 o'clock, a.m.. VI, 2 4 and 6 p.m., for the Peninsula Hotel. Hecurning at 11 a.m., 1, 3, 5 and 7 p.m. precisely. Pare to and from, 7Jd Family Season Tickets %i each. .Swings nnd Merry-go-round, etc., for the amusement of Children. Dinners. Lunches, Teas, etc., to be had at the shortest notice. Good Pasture for Horses and other cattle, which oan be conveyed over by the first boat— noc later. Toronto, 18.M). L. J. PRIVAT. 'J'errible floods, the result of two days' suc- cessive rain, occurred on April 3rd. They were attended by great destruction of property throughout the entire province, especially at Toronto. The Don bridge on the King- ston road was completely carried away, comii unication from iho east with Toronto was for a time entirely cut off, aiid the east- ' I LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I"^"""! 88r> miner » ftad Ml on n To- latter quare. to a >£ the lat was md the len en- ilton to g at all hours, er City )erty of mariner at oon- ith new and put il repair at. The took thft :)ort time V the lat- airs after (erformed id emooth ,f Justice an as erer in 1850— B steamer I ran from . interme- at Lewis- he Oswego fully des- the sub- that old prove in- is headed ioBoat. vhe leave Mr. treet, everr 6 p.m., ler 11 a.m.. 1. lion Ticltcte iid. etc.. for rs, Lunches, notice, ther cattle, first boat— PRIVAT. o days' sue- They were property especially the h-ing- Iried away, lith Toronte ud the east- ){ > n3 O o ;-y;;;r-.' V* »' H irs r. i! i • :V 9' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. M::: »m audi delayed for about two days. The bridge at the Credit was also greatly dam- aged, the mail fer two days having to be oarried over in a aeow. The awing bridge at the mouth ot the Humber was carried away,' as was also that over the .Mimico oreek. la addition to the great destruction of property, unfortunately loss of life had to he added, more than one person being carried away by the floods and drowned. In the closing days of April the Toronto Examiner reports a meeting held in King- ston of the varioua steamboat owners on Lake Ontario under this tieadiiig : — " THE STKAMBUAT CONVENTION. "A convention of the principal steamboat IV'op'ioiors on both sides of the lake was held at Kingston last week. " 'Ihe agreement they came tu was this : That through line should pay to the owner of lake boats |1 on each cabin passenger and half a dollar on each deck passenger brought by them, the through line, from Montreal to Hamilton. " Mr. Bethune was to receive the amount el. the fares for all pa-isengers carried from Tttrouto to Lewiston that the through line Drought to the former place from b«:low, no matter in what boats they had their pas- " The ra' ^ were to be the same as when thft oprtoa kion ceased in the preceding MMon." ^lui. withstanding this agreement there was iBmethini; of an opposition, though it was jiat sufficiently powerful to have any efifect ■upon the rates of passage. The freight ttaar^ers that ran from Montreal to Toronto and Hamilton, which included the Ottawa, !Si-itaunia, England, Scotland, Ireland, iiibernia, Western Miller, Free Trader and Qommeroa, were all abls to carry from nrenty to thirty cabin, besides a large xumber of steerage, passengers. Depending aB>they did upon freight for remuneration siay were able to carry these passengers at '•ry low rates. The agreement therefore ;ftat the other steamboat proprietors had dSLfiered into was just what the owners of :ixe. steam freight ships wished for. Several Kii^ooners, amoni; them the Western Miller iamd tiovernor, chartered by Mr. Dawson, of I£alifax, N. S., ran in the season of 1850 bs- :aMen Toronto and Halifax. They took Sucadian and brought back West Indian jpiaduce and Nova Scotiau fish. Another abooner owubd by Mr. Thompson Smith WHS engaged on the same enterprise. AVhilc ascending Lake Ontario on April ^Bhd the propelb r St. Lawrence was struck ^lightning and veiy seriously injured Sbppily no lives were sacrificed. The lUngstea Whig of the same date has a short paragraph announcing the ** first boat of the ihroogh line, the Comet, Cap- tain I'aylor, leaves Kingston for Toronto and Hamilton at twelve o'clock noon to-day This is the first boat of the new line, and will be followed in due succession by the New Era and Passport as soon as they can be got ready." The American line of steamers from Oswego to Toronto, Kingston and intermed- iate ports, consisted throughout 1850 of four vessels, the Cataract, Day State, Ontario and Northerner. 'I he Niagara, also an Ameri- can vessel, made bi-weekly trips from To- ronto to Oswego and vice versa. The Admiral had new boilers put in during the spring, and in June was put on the Nia- gara route ad a morning boat from Toronto to Lewistou. On June 7 the Governor- General accompanied by seventy members of both houses of the Legislature, about eighty Government clerks and some dignitaries and reporters, started from Toronto in the Chief Justice for the Welland Canal, tor the pur- pose of visiting the Public Works there pro- gressing. The steamer returned to Toronto the following day. A sad disaster, accom- panied by awful loss of life occurred on Lake Erie on June 17th, the steamer Griffith, with passengers for Buffalo, being burned to the water s edge. The number of deaths ex- ceeded 250 souls. A new vessel named the Highlander, atterwards one of ttie through line from Montreal to Toronto, was built and completed in July. She was described by the press of the time as " a splendid boat. " The Sovereign for a very brief period in 1850 formed one of the R. M. line from Toronto to Kingston, but in the end of May was placed on the Niagara route and re- mained thereupon during the rest of the season. On Lakes Simcoe and Huron there was also what was known as the Koyal Mail Line of Steamers. On the former the Morning ran from Holland Landing to Orillia, from thence passengers were conveyed by stage to Sturgeoa Hay, which port the steamer Gore left each wee.; for the Sault Ste. Marie, caiiiag at all the intermediate ports. The new steamer Mazeppa, Captain William Donaldson, was in the very begin uing of the season of 1851 announced to commence running on or before the 15th day of April, between Toronto and St. Cathar ine4, leaving Toronto at 7 a. m , and return- ing leave St. Catharines at 1:30 p.m. Passengers who left Toronto by this route arrived in .St. Catharines in time tu take the line of stages (meeting the Emerald, tor Buffalo) passed through a beautiful tract of country, conspicious in which was the Welland Canal, with its many splendid LAXDMARKR OF TORONTO. 8S7 jautiful tract 888 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ■iM docks, and also a viaw of Niagara Falls from the British side of the rivor. For freight or passage the captain was to bo applied to. SY8TKM OP SIONALLINO. It Will be seen by the following corres- pondence that a system of signals for the coiirenionce o! the public attending the wharves of Toronto by which the uncer- ta nty as to which wharf vessels entering the harbor would touch at, was remor^d : — To the Editor of the Patriot. Sir,— L this morntnK. sni^Bested to Captain Richardson, our active Harbor blaster, the convenience it would afford to the citiiinDii gen- •rally as well as to the carters and c<^men. it a signal were carried bj all steamerH entering the part of Toronto during the day, dusiKnatinc the whiirf at which ther Intend to put up. To which suKffestion I received from Capta:n Kichardson the enclosed reply which you will oblige me pubiishingin tke Patriot. Yours etc.. JNO. U. BOWES. Toronto 8th May, 1851. Habbour Master's Offiox, ) Hay 8, 1851. / Worshipful Sir.— Reflecting upon your sug- geatlon of this nnorning regardint; signals, it struck me that they could not bu too simple. All vessels possess a Union Jack, or ought to. and thereupon I consulted with Capt. Suther- land of the Magnet and Me agreed upon the fol- lowing, to designate Wharfs, witii something like the following announcement, if your Wor- ship should see fit. All vessels arriving at the Port of Toronto in the day time, and desirous of protection froni the anthority of the Corporation, will designate the Wharf they intend to stop at by the follow- ing signals : Ver Oorrie's Wharf, Union Jack at Bowsprit end. For Browne's Wharf, Union Jack at Mast- head. For Maiiland's Wb irf. Union Jack at Staff-aft. yor Tinning's Wharf, Union Jack in Fore- rigging. For HelUweH's Wharf. Union Jack over Wheel house (land side.) Vessels not finding room as expected at the wharf designated, will change their signal to that of any other wharf, where they wi^h to seek a berth. I have the honor to be. Worshipful Sir, Your most obed't servant. HUGH RICHARDSON, Harbor Mastkr. Port of Toronto. John G. Bowes, Esq., Maror. There were but few changes in the early part of 1851 in the vessels plying upon On- tario or the St. Lawrence. The steamer Comet met with an accident on April 21st, whereby not only was the vessel rendered a total wreck, but three lives were also sacri ficed. While lying at one of the wharves in Oswego her boiler exploded, and in addition to those killed, many others were dread- fully injured. Running on the !St. Law- isnce from Kingston to Montreal in connec- tion with the steamers on the upper lakst were the Cotnmsrce, Western Miller and Scotland, all steamers under the command respectively of Captains Purdy, Cochrane and Marshall. There were no alterations on either Lakes .Sinicoe and Huron in tbo sailing arrangements which had obtained ia 1850. The Highlander, which has been mention- ed as having been built in the summer of 185C with the Champion, also a new boat, and the May Flower, formed a lino which began its career on August 26th. It was widely advertised thus : NEW THROUUH LI.VB. Toreato, Hamilton, Niacara KulTalo Direct. Palls aad The New and Magniliccnt Upper Cabin ijteamors CHAMPION Capt. Marshall HIOHLANDKR *' StkaRNB MAYFLOWER " Paterson Will run as follows, riis,:— KPWAKUa. FROM MONTREAL: Highlander Champion Mayflower luesdays Thursclays Fridays At 'i o'clock p.m., and Lachine on the arrival of the 5 pm. Trains. FROM OGDENSBUROH. Wednesdays Fridays .. Saturdays At 2 o'clock p.m., or on the arrival of the Ex- press Train. FROM KINGSTON : Wednesdays .... Krid.iys .. .. Saturdays At 8 o'clock, p.m.. arriving at Toronto and Ham- ilton early the next day. nOWNWAKDS. FROM LEWISTON. Champion May Flower, .. .. Highlandsr, Mondays .. .. Wednesdays .. .. Saturdays. 8} a.m. FROM TORONTO: Do., Do.. Do., Noon. FROM KINGSTON. Tuesdays Thursdays, .. Sundays, i a.m. FROM OGDENSBURGH: Do.. Do., Do., 10 a.m. And are intended to arrive in Montreal the same Evenines, in time for the Quebec Boats, at 7 o'clock, IN addition to the above named ports, the boats will call at the other Important Lake and River Ports. tST After the 20th day of September, the Boats will discontinue calling at Lewiston, and make Hamilton the port or departure at 7) o'oluck. on the mornings of .Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. I'he establishmenr of this Line will enable the rterchants of Canada West to remain through- our. the business day in Montreal, and to reach their homes almost as early as if they had gone by the Mail Line at noon, and connecting, as the boats will do, with the up and down Ex- press Trains at Ogdensburgh, they will afford direct conveyance for passengers and freight bi;:tween the Canadian ports and the Eastern Stites. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. lakM : and mand hraa« in tb« led i* nkion- ner of boat, which It waa I* aad iablB ^RSHAIX KARNB 1TKR80M [ayflower Friday* arriTal ol .tttrdays I the Ex- [urdaya and Ham- Igblandar, Saturdays. Do., Noon. »ya.4a.m. )o., 10 a.m. ntreal the Quebec portB. the rtant Late ~Oth day of lue oallinx he port ol lornlnga of [ enable tha in through- id to reach ly had gone ,necting. as down Ks- •wili afford Ind freight ■he Eattera It ii deemed unnecessary to dwell upon the advantage! of Urflt-claHS iteamerci paHniiig direct frc u the head of Lake Ontario to Montreal, and vice versa, over thooe Lines tliai involve a transliipmcnt (on the downward trip) ai an iiu- soaaonable hour In the morning. In compliance with a generally exproKsed wish, on '.he part of the public, a separate charge will be made for nieaU. A9'Tbe Line will bn commenced by the JIIGHLASDER. leaving Montreal on Tuks- PAY. the L'Gth instant, the ClIAMI'IOS, on Thukhday. the 28th. and the MA V FU>\VER will be out next month. For Freight or Passage apply to the Captains onboard, or at the NRW THKOUCiH UNK OFFICK, No, 30t McOill Street, or for Champion a'ay for tome days past has prevented her from reaching any ot tb« wharves. On Monday she was run into the slip at this port ; next morning the ice had3mad« so fast she had to cut — a work of no little dif- ficulty and labor, and her owner, Mr. Hern, deserves no little credit for his exertions in keeping open a communication of so much public importance.' Upon the opening of navigation in 1853 the Niagara route to the United States was thus advertised : QUIOKK8T ROUTE, TWO nOATB DAILY. for Now York. Koston and the Wentern States, via Luwiston and Niagara Fails 1 THE MAIL 8TRAMKRS CHIEF JUSTICE ROBINSON AND CITY OF TORONTO will, until further notice, leave Toronto daUy at half-past 7 a.m.. and half-piwit 2 p. m.. con- necting at Buffalo with the express trains goiac East, also with the State Line Railroad ana steamers going \V«k. KKTinNINO, leaves Lewiston for Tor nto at a quarter to t a.ni., and 1 p.m., connecting with the through steamers at Toronto to Montreal. Passengers for the west from Toronto were notified that THE bTEAMBR CITY OF HAMILTON. CAPTAIN JOHN GORDON. "tiriLL leave Toronto for Hamilton every day Tv at two o'clock p.m.. (Sundays excepted) calling at Port Credit. Oakville. Uronte and Wellington Square, weatber permitting. Will litave Hamilton for Toronto, every morning (Sundays excepted) at seven o'clock. calling (weather permitting! at Wellington Square, Bronte. Oakville and Port Credit. Toronto, April '£ird, 1862. The Princess Royal made each Friday trips from Toronto to Hamilton and rice versa, leaving the former place at 3 p.B. and the latter at 8 a m. Besides the Niagara line to New York there was yet another by Rochester, whieh was by no means ba-;kward in letting the public know the advantages it could offer ; tlie arrangements for 1852 were advertieed as follows : — DAILY LINK OF STEAMERS TO ROCHESTER. NEW AND MOST EXI'EDlTIOUS NEW YORK. ROUTE TO Throuifh from Toronto to New York in SS hours; from New York to Toronto in 2i hours. TBS STEAMER " AMEKICA,'' CAPT. McBRIDE. WILL leave Toronto for Rochester direct, every Monday, Wednesday andFRiDAT evening at 8 o'clock. Will leave Rochester for Toronto, direct, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning at 9 o'clock:. Passengers for New York by thi.s conveyance, may tak the morning express train of cars from Uorhester at 10 minutes after 8. and ar« rive at Ni;w York about 10 o'clock same even- ing, or take a steamer at Albany and arrive at New York during the night. Passengers loavins New York by the express train at § o'clock p. m. will arrive at Uochester the fol- lowinR morning in ample time for the steamers I ' .' '•% 890 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. H I ' .■'/ ' ■■■ ' „ j >•; ' D U a Bi U :^ •< u H ■fi I .■ f LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 891 Ainerioaand Admiral. Thos* by thn America will reaub Toronto in 24 hours from Nnw York. The srramer Admiral Uaves Toronto (or Rochester every Tuesday, I'huridajr and Hatur- day morning ai half-past 10 o'clock ; and loavoa Rochester (or Toronto every Monday. Wednes- day and Friday mornlnff at 9 o'clock. catllnK at OoDourK and other Intermediate portt.weainer permitting. Paasenffors by the above steamers can pnr- chase tickets, at the o(Hce. or frnni the Pur- sers «n hoard, for the Cam to Albany, New York or Uooton : and also, (or the Rti>amboats from Albany to New York. State Itoonis on the Hudson River boats, cr.n be secured by ap- plication to the Pursers of the Admiral •r America, Fare by Railroad, Rochester to New YorK »7 10 Far3 by Railroad and Utver Steamers, Rochester to New York |j 00 Fare by Railroad, Rochester to Now York. 110 10 PassenKcrs from Hamilton, by leaving nn Monday and Friday afternoon, at three o'clock, in the Mail Steamers Princess Royal and Pass- pon. will arrive in Toronto la time to take the America for Rochester and arrive in New York in 31 hours. Between Toronto and Port Dalhouaie for St. Catharines there was daily communica- tion, notified widely under this heading : SI, Catharines and Toront*. STEAMER " MAZEPPA " W. Donaldson, Master ITTILL commence her regular trips on TUES- W DAY, the 27th Inst. Leave St. Catharines every Morning at half- past six o'clock. (Sundays exceptrd.) Returninr leayea Toronto at 2 P. M. Passengers taking the Masepjta will reach Toronto in time to take the boats for Rochester, Kingston, Montreal and Hamilton. A third route from Canada to the United States was from Hamilton.where the steamer Rochester, upon the opening of navigation, resumed her trips to Lewiston, leaving Ham- ilton at 7 a.m.; returning, left Lewiston at 1 p.m., conne ting with tlie United States express and mail line of steamers to Ogdens- burg, touching at all the intermediate ports. In addition to all these various means of transit thero were the six steamers forming the through line from the head of the lake to ttie lower Province and all parts of the United States. It was described in a busi- ness like way, thus : THROUGH LINE. FROM HAMILTON TO MONTREAL IN 33 HOURS. Calling at Niagara, Queenston. Lewiston Cape Vincent. Brockville, Prescott, Ogdensburgh and other Ports on the St Lawrence. THIS MAGNIFICENT LINE, composed of Now, Powerful and Fast Steamers, titled up in the mo3C modern and elcRant style, with Upper and Lower Saloons. State Rooms, etc. WILL LEAVE HAMILTON Evert Morning, (Sundays excepted.) at seven o'clock, as follows, commencing Monday next, Wlh Instant :— Mai'LK Lcak. Capt. Wilkinson, every Monday Akarian, '• ColclcuBh, " Tuesday New ItKA, " Maxwell. *• Wcd'jday C'hamimon " Marshall. " Thursday HioMLANDKR " Htcnrn^, " Friday Mayklowkk, •' Patterson, " Saiiirduy They will leave LewiHton and QiiecMiston about half part "wo P. M , and arrive at Mon- treal ab^ut Four P. .M., making the paBsaga from the Niagara River to Montreal In about twenty tlve hours. UPWARDS: WILL LEAVE MONTREAL KvERT Afternoon (Sundays excer ted) at Four o'clock. For Toronto and Hamilton direct, cnllinp at Odffensburgh, t'rescott, tirnckvdle, Kingston. Vobouru, Port Hope, Darlington, etc. Between Toronto, Lewiston, Cape Vin- cent, Brockville and Ogdensburgh, there waa a daily service of steamers. At the com- mencement of the season these wore the Northrvner and Hay State, each of 1,000 tons burthen. They connected with the steamers British Queen, British Empire and ,leuny Lind at Ogdensburgh for Montreal. Later in the season the Northerner was dis- phcod by the New York, Captain R. B. Chapman, the Bay State remaining under command of Captain J. H. Ledyard. The steamer Lady of the Lake, Captain Seymour, made two trips oa'^h way daily, between Kingston and Cape Vincent. Tlicre was also a lino of freight steamers between Toronto and Montreal, consisting of the Britannia, Comet, Dawn, Free Trader, Ottawa, Ontario end Western Miller. They made each of them one trip weekly. A law suit instituted by the owners of tho steamer Magnet against those of the Maple Leaf terminated on October 2.3rd, after oc- cupying the court the whole of that dajr, the evidence being so conflicting, in a verdict for the plaiutilT with t8f The im- for 1»52 i. Hamilton waa not ring lost steamers' ided irom n«ir rouM ;on, caUin4 e Admiral 'oronto and ,^0 vessels ;or $10,000 as n. to'*'* y Company, Crane, pur- aand High- the latter ,m Hamilton iuxermediat* Jueen of tho iUo.i to To- ppeared this , wboat fit after her d her p'ao* amboat I'eer- •s the Uritan- rence, the pro lamvHon, ran L'he Scotland, a, owned by took the same , llibernia and I'rs. Hooker * ,e. as also were jsiaes a third sssrs H. Jones were all t^h* o htad of the lition to these Hamil'-on to latter place to llor Brantford real. .MER for the season tie Citizen, built Ihe Island. man and had loard the Maple The Bchooii«r lU, master, car re H >< C 894 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ritd freight from Toronto, Hcending the Welland Canal to Dunnville throughout the ■cason of 1853. The Mazeppa, Captain Donaldson, resumed her course between Toronto and St. Catharines. Another sailing vessel, described as the Brigantine Sophia, Captain John McGregor, carried freight and a few passengers from Toronto to Owen Sound. Charles Thompson, steamship owner, of Toronto, adrertisei on April 20th, 1853, as follows : The Subscriber having purchased the New Fast Loto Pressure Steamboat " KAMtOLAH." HAS to announce that she will leave Dun- villeon J»fOiVj9^F, Snd MAY nfxt, tor tbe Sault de St. Marie and Sturgeon Bay. in order to comnsence the usual trips, on the Old Northern Route, between the above ports, under the command of Gapt. Alkx. Mc- Orkoor. and will stop at the fifteen different ports on her upward trip, between Dunville and the SauU de St. Marie. For FitBiOHT or Passaee apply on board, or to the owner, Church Street, Toronto. The Ocean Wave, Captain A. Wright, made occasional trips throughout this sea- son frotA Toronto to Ogdensburgh. In the latter end of April a change oc- earred in the command of the Chief .lustice, Captain W. Milloy replacing Captain Wilder. The fast-sailing schooner Defi- ance, Captain Mooclie, ran t%\ice a week throughout the season of 1853, between To- ronto and Niagara. Robert Maitland, Chnrch street wharf, was the principal owner. Quinn's new steamer, the Citizen, made her first tripa to and from Toronto and the Island on Thursday, May I9th. The return fare was only eight cents. On Lake Simcoe in the season now spoken of, the steamer Morning, Captain Charles Bell, ran from Bradford Landing to Barrie in connection with the stages running from the former place to Toronto. OCEAN WAV* BURNED. One of the most melancholy disasters that over occurred on Lake Ontario took place on the morning of April 30th when the steamer Ocean Wave was destroyed by fire, when she wns about twenty-thrse miles west •f Kingston and two from the Ducks. The vessel was well provided with both boats and buckets, but it was found im- possible to obtain the former for the use •f the passengers, as the fire in the I rief space ot twenty minutes had consume i the •abin. This oast&strophe re lulred in the loss of twenty-eight lives, fiiteen of these bein? members of the crew. The schooner Emblem, Captain Be yea, •f Rronte, and the Georgina, Captain lien- AoraoD, of Port Do,?'' rendered the pas- sengers of the ill-starred vessel every possible assistance. The former convayioff those rescued to Kingston. On Friday, May 6th, the new steamer Citi- zen left Brown's wharf, Toronto, at half- past three o'clock, passed through ■she exfct- ern channel recently fcrmed th' )ugh tho peninsula, proceeded to the rivet- Hunib:!:- and returned to Terouto in the evesing. Only the day previously one of tbe local papers pronounced this '('eat ' to be impos- sible." On May 5th Captain Gaskin, in eoia- mand of the Cherokee, an ocean-goi&( three-masted sailing vessel, left Toronto direct fcr Liverpool, where she arrived in safety on the 16th of the following month. A tore and aft schooner known as th* Jchn Hiseman was launched at the marine shipyarr^, Kingston, on May 10th. She was of 310 tons burthen, the property of Mr. \V. Myers, and intended for the ti^nber trade. The Toronto Leader of May 20th remarks that " a first-class schooner called tho Admiral was launched at Port Hope on tho 11th inst. She is of about 140 tons mea- surement." This vessel was intended for the timber trade. On June 1st the coroner's jury which sa: to investigate the Ocean Wave disaster and the deaths caused thereby returned a verdict of what really meant "accidental death." The captain wa'e all his officers, in fac% do one was to blame. The Toronto Leader — and other papers concurred in its remarks — very justly observed that "the public will hardly be satisQcd to be told in effect that in this nelancholy case no one is to be blamed." The steamer Victoria, L. J. Privat, commenced her regular trips be- tween Maitland's wharf, Toronto, F,nd the hotel on the peninsula on June 3rd This note is appended to her advertisement : " No connection with any other boat or racing.'" On Friday, Juno 10th, in the early morn- ing, thf* steamer Admiral met with a similar fate as had a few weeks earlier befallen the Ocean Wave. While lying at the foot of Browne's wharf, Toronto, she was burnt to the water's edge ; happily no lives were lost. The cause of the tire was supposed to be purely accidental. The Peerless, Captain Dick, which was launched on January 6th, be;;ati early in June to make daily trips to Niagara and return. ANOTHER -STKAMER BITRNED. On Saturday, July 9th, yet another steam- er tell a victim to tire, the Queen of the West being entirely destroyed whi e lying at her moorings in Hamilton Bay. The losi of this fine vessel was locked unnn both LAXDMAT^KS OF TORONTO. SD,- isel every conveying lamer Citi- ,, »t h»lf- •ihe o^fct- ,1 HuniVsi- tUe local be impoi- Ln, in eom- ocean-goibf .ft Toronto arrived in ring month. ,wn M *'«• the marino ;h. She wft« by of Mr. VV. iber trade. 20th remorkt called th« Hope on the 40 tone mea- intcnded for ; the coroner'* te the Ocean ■aused thereby really meant iptain was ex- Bra, in fac^ no onto Leader — n its remarks the public will ■^ in effect that one is to bo jtoria, L. J- ilar trips be- jnto, end the ine 3rd This advertisement : other boat or tie early morn- with a similar ,er befallen the at the foot of e was burnt to lives were lost, upp^sed to be ,ck, which was be>^au early in o Niagara and ITRNED , another steam- Queen of the hi e lying ed ton Bay. lokei urvon The botk 1 ri m -'i r i I a I!.., i!; 89G LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. in f'amilton and Toronto as a public calam- ity and much sympathy waa felt for Captain Marrison, who was the largest shareholder in the vessel, losing, besides, everything in tho shape of wearing appr.rel ami personal property that he hac' on board. The Queen w«8 insured for only $28,000, her value being quits double that sum. T>' o new steamers to run between Hamil- ton, Toront*) and Oswego were commenced this summer at Niagara, They were for the Canadian (t. W. R. , and were t) be 288 feet lotioore, Bruce and Herd respectively. In November another CAPVMS THOMAS DU'K. (op. SDC) I 'f '1% ;» •': , I l^)»!i h' n, !•:■! f:i , ; '^ 1 4fM . : ^4-\f im I ' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 897 She then made two trips a week from Toronto lo Rochester, calling at all intermediate ports. The Chief Juntice and Queen City also ran durine the winter season of 1853 between Hamilton and Toronto and vice versa. A deplorable accident occurred on Lake Huron on November 28th to the steamboat Bruce Mines, on hor passage from Goderich to the Bruce and Welling^ n mines. She was totally wrecked f'ff Cape Huron. During a heavy gale which prevailed on the i ight of November 27th she sprang a leak, which so gained on her that on the morning of the 28tli it was discovere nd grounded at Van Evory's Point, about one hundred and fifty yards from the shore. The mate immediately left for Toronto to consult Captain Dick. Two days later the 1 oronto Fatiiot annoMncea : — ''The steamer Chief Justice is olf and all right and will leave ou hor regular trips to-morrow at 8:.'S0 a. ni. for Lewiston. ' The steamers Zimmerman and Welland went alongside of her on thu morning of the 9th, shifted her cargo on to the Welland, then all three boats b eking off together, the Chief came oil' at once with- out any trouble and without suifering any damage. On .March 14th the Maple Leaf, Captain Robert Kerr, commenced the season between Toronto and Rochester. > he left the former port each Wednesday and Saturday. Throughout the season of 1855, the £u- ropa, a new steamer, ran from Hamilton to Niagara, and the Welland, as in the preced- ing year. The Peerless and the Zimmeinian formed the Toronto and Niagara line. In a great storm which occurred on Lake Ontario on April 18th, in tins year, the schooner Defiance, Captain Corkin, was lost with all on board. The steam tug Porcu- pine, on .May 19lh, was burned to the water's edge on the river St. Lawrence, near Prescott, but happily no lives were lost. The steamers Champion and May Flower formed the Cape Vincent line. The Cliiof Justice was commanded by Captain Mur- dock, a new man among the list of captains, and ran, as previously, from Toronto to Hamilton. The Highlander and Maple Leaf formed the line that ran from Toronto to Rochester, and there was no change in their commanders. On July IGth, in connection with the Great Western Railway, the steamers Cana da and America, Captains C. E. \NiHoughby and J. Masson, commenced running daily between Hamilton, Toronto and Oswego. These two steamers hod both been built by the railway company. A three-masted sailing vessel, called the City of Toronto, was launched at Toronto ac the close of the summer. She w.is an ocean- goine vessel, and arrived in Liverpool after a safe and prosperous voyage ou October 4th, 1855, Unhappily, her life w. 8 a very brief one, as she was lost in the Suaits of Bello Isle un August 17th, 1857. Her first voyage wai dccomplislied in just twenty-four days. 'i n m i 11 ■ > ■ \i\ i tl.l ■.i-l- 898 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. On Lake Siincoc.in tins yeur,the Morning continued to ply under *hc siinie cavitain. The Kaloululi, Oxt'orJ and Muzeppa ran fron Colliu:wood to O.^on .Sound and inter- mediate ported. An American steamer, known as the Keystone State, ran in con- nection witii tlie Nortiiern liailway each Thursday froinCollin^wood to Chicayo. Tile Oxford just mentioned ran aground in Lal;B Huron during the autumn and be- came a total wrecli. During tlie winter of 1855 and '56 there was, as usual, little movement of any vessels, either steam or sailing, on the lakes Upon the re-opening of the harbors in 1850, the followi. steamers began to ply : — The Pcerle . between Toronto and Hamilton ; the Cnief Justice, between Toronto and Presqu' Isle ; the Mayflower and Champion, between Toronto and Cape Vincent ; the steamers Canada ;ind America, from Hamil- ton, forming a ssparato lino for both freiLjht and passengers between that city, Cape Vin- cent, Brockviile and Ogdensburgii. J here was also the AMERICAN MAIL LINE, consisting of tliu Cataract, Bay State, Northern and Niagara Their route was from Niag.ira to Toronto, 11 jcliester, Oswego and Ogdensburgh. .3:45 o'clock, p.m., for Prescott and Ogdens- burgii and intermediate porta. Tlie river steamers connected at Ogdens- burgii witli the American Express Line of m 111 steamers — Cataract, Bay .State, North- trncr, and Niagara— connecting at Brockviile with the Grand Trunk Pi^ailway, where pas- sengers could embark on one of the above- named boats, (Hiect for Cape Vincent, Nia- gara Falls, ilamilton and ButTalo. They ran through to loronto in 20 hours, an 1 to Niagara Falls and Hamilton iii 24 hours. Also lonneoted at Ogdensburgh with the United States mail line of steamers— On- tario, Cataract and Niagara — for Alexandria Bay, Clayion, Kiug.iton, Sackott'a Harbor, Oswego, Rochester and Lewiston. Tlicse lines of atea.nners connected at Nia- gara and Lewiston witli the Kriu & Ontario Railroad, Lewiston & Buffalo I lull road. Great Western Railway, Michigan Ceiiiial Railroad, Michigan Southern Railroaci, and Lake Shore Railroad, and steamers from Buffalo — for all ports west. Passenifcrs had the privilege of stopping over at Niagara Falls or any other place of interest on the route. 1 ho Europa plied between Toronto and Oswego, and the Boston formed a through "^^-^ THE STEAMEU ElTRfPA. Besides these lines there was in addition the American Express Line of river steam- ers, described ab being from Montrea', " the shortest and quickest route to all western ports, Niagara Falls, and Bufl'alo.'" This line comprised the flrat-class river steamers Jenny Lind, capt, L. Moody ; Montreal, Capt. J. Laflamme ; British Queen, Capt. A. Cameron. One of the above river steamers left Mon- treal (Sundays excepted), at 12 o'clock, noon, from the Canal Basin, and Lachiiie on the arrival of the cars which left Montreal at freight and passage line between Montreal, Kingston, Toronto and Hamilton; calling at Cobourg, Port Hope, and other North Shore ports. Captain James Gibson was in com> mand, and John Macpherson & Co., Ca al Wharf, Montreal, were agents. Between Montreal, Kingston, Bellevilk' and River Trent the steamer St. Helen, C. B. Crysler, master, left Montreal every Thursday at 2 p.m. The agent was J. A. Glassford, Watson's Buildings, ChivaI I'asin. Other freight steamers between Hamil- LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 800 jre of stopping other place of ton, Toronto and Montreal were the Ranger, I'awn, Protection and Oahawa, boloiiging to If, & I. Jones, of Mori- treal. Ileaides these, there were th • Western Miller, Scotland, George MofTatt and Colonist, of Holcoinb & Henderson's Line, also of Montreal, and the Free Trader, Hibernia, Lord Elgin and I'lesoott of the same place, the property of Hooker. Jac(iues & Co. There were, in addition, the Huron and Rowmanvillo on the same route. Ilelweeii Toronto, Kingston and Montreal were also the City of Hamilton, Kentucky and Willy Niokol, of \\ ilson Ikown's Line. All these vessels were principally freight steamers, but if they could obtain passengers they were quitK willing to carry them. In addition to these veascls Jones fc Co., of Montreal, ran from that port to King- ston, Picton, Belleville r.nd Trenton The new upper cabin steamer Trenton, Captain DeWitt, left the Canal wharf for the above and intermediate ports each Tuesday at one o'clock. N. M. Bockus, of the Canal wharf, was the agent. The person just named was also the agent for that steamer which had such a very short life on the lakes, namely, the Monarch. She I an from Montreal to Kingston, To- ronto, Hamilton and North Shore ports, being described as 'the new and powerful steamer Mons-rch," under Captain A. Sin- clair. She left the Canal wharf for the above ports on Thursdays at six o'clock Jones & Co. occasionally ran a freight steamer direct from Montreal to Chicat^o. They thus advertise one of these ventures on September 12th : — " Steamer for Jhi- cago, calling at ports on the Welland Cunal, Port Stanley, Amherstburg, Windsor, De- troit, and Port Sarnia. 'I he new low-pres sure propeller \\ hitby, Lepine, master, will leave the Canal basin for the abave ports, on or about Thursday, the 18th inst. , at six o'clock. For freight or pas.sage apply to H. Jones & Co., Wellington street." Two large schooners each of 400 tons burthen, were built and launched this year at Ottawa. They were called the Alliance and Joshua Beard, and were intended to be used as colliers. A new steamer called the KINU OF ALGIERS vaa launched at Toronto on April 17ch. She was the property of Mr McCord, of that oity. Her length was 131 feet over all, and her breadth nearly 30 feet. She was in- tended for use as a tow boat. An advertisement, dated May 12, appeared in the Toronto and Kingston papers in the same month, inviting tenders for the re- moval cf the wrecks of the steamer Queen City and the schooner Royal Tar, which were impeding the navigation of Toronto harbor It was signed by ihigli Richanlson, harbor master, of Toronto. The schooner had been wrecked in the early part of tht yi-ar. March 12th, 18r>7, is a date long and .sadly remembered by many iainilics throughout Canada, as there occurred on that m i'ii U03 LAN DM AUKS OF TORONTO. ■ii ■' M% ^■l: tlirou^houl the suasoii to tho 8ault Hi*. Marie, but ovoii tlieu it waa a vary long and tedious journey from ToruiKo to the " Soo. ' Oti Lake Siniuoo the J. C Morrison niiivrence river at a point called Carvugo when the Montreal steamer, with over 400 passengers, was burnt to the water's edge and about 200 of those on board, chief- ly Scotch emigrants, were drowned. 1 he Free Trader propeller, belonging to Hooker & Co., of Montreal, was also wreck- ed at about the same time. The steamer J. C. Morrieon, plying on Lake Simcoe, was totally des royed by lire at Bell Ewart, on August 5th. Nothing was saved e.\cept the cish box aud somo ac- count books. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 9()1 CHAl'TKR CCNLV. THE ROYAL MAIL LlNE-1840 TO 57- How thr ('ttiiiiiiiiiy >ra« ForiiM'tl iiiid ivlicre Kolaliit' Mi<-iimcr» niid ibrlr laplulii*— Ucll Uciui-iiiliercd OlllrluU. In 1S4(> u joint stock cuinpmy was formed at Niii!,'arii, cullud thu Niai'.wa Hai'binii' and Dock Company, aud uuder their auapiucs ^•veral now ve^sola wure Ijuilt, out of wliiuli was formed llie " Koyiil Mail Line of Stvumers ' 'I lieao began to run as boon as navigation opened in the followin;^ yeai, b'.'ing widely ad vertisL'il uud«r thu heading ; — UUVAL MAIL >rEAMKHS. LAKE ONTAKIO ANO UIVEK ST, I.AWKENCE. The pui lie arc informe 1 that the follow- lowing aru the arraiigomunts for this suasou : LAKE ONTARIO. BKTWEES KINGSTON AND TORONTO. St. (ieorge, C a{)t. 'Twidiy ; Niaj^ara, Capt. Sutlierlaud ; i ity of loronco, Capt. Dick FJiOM KINGSTON. At half-past 7 o'clock evening, Sunday a id i hursday, the St. George. At 8 o'clock evening, Tuesday and Friday, the Niagara. At S o'clock evening, Wednesday and Sat- urday, the City of Toronto, and arrive at I oronto early next day. 'I'he above steameis await the arrival of the Montreal mail at Kingston. FROM TOHONTO. At 12 o'clock noon, Monday and Thursday, the Niagara. .\l 1*2 o'clock noon, Tuesday and Friday, ll'.o City of Toronto. At 12 o'clock noon, Wednesday and Sat- urday, the St. (ieorge, and arrive at Kings- ton early next morning. 'J'ho above boats call at Coboutg and I'ort Hope each way. And the City of Toronto will leave Tor- onto for Niagara and Lewiston every Mon- day morning at 8 o'clock, and return to Toronto in the afternoon. UTVKR ST. LAWRENCE. Ijutweeu Kingsston and Uickiusou's Land- IIU'. liUocKViLLE, Capt. Maxwell. From Kinizston at 9 o'clock morning - Sunday, Wednesday aud Friday. From Dickinson's Landi'c at 4 o'clot'.; inoniinj,', (or on the arrival of . the mail fioiu .Montreal)— luesday, Thursday and Saturday. 11 UILDERSLEEVE. Capt Rowpn. From Kingston at 9 o'clock morning — Tut-sday, Thursday aud Saturday. From Dickinson's Landing at 4 o'clock morning, (or on the arrival of the mail from -Montreal)— Wednesday, Friday aud Sun- day. H (iiLDERSLEEVK, Capt. Roweu From Kingston at 9 o'clock morning— Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. l''rom Dickiii.suu's Landing at 4 o'clock ni rnihe was built at Niagara and was of 475 tons burthen. On her trial trip from Niagaia to Kingston she accomplished the distance in 16 hours, a remarkably liigh rate of speed. THE CITY OF TORONTO was built at the same place, and was of some- what large;- dimensions than the former ves- sel, huvui); 500 ions burthen. For the season of 1842 another new steamer of 5UU tons, also built at Niagara, named the Princess Ro\ al, supplanted the St. George, Captain Colcleugh being in charge. On the Niagara Captain Elmsley displaced Captain Sutherland, and the City of To- ronto was commanded aa formerly. There were no other changes, and the steamers ran as in 1841, connecting with the Rrock- ville and Gildersleeve at Kingston for Diokinson s Landing. In 1843 the .Niagara had become the Sovereign, remaining uuder her former cap tain, and there were no other alieralioiis, excepting that the steamers connected at Kingston for the first time with vessels run- ning direct to Montreal. Their adv«rtisis- nieut ran thus : — MONTREAL DIRECT. The New Low Fressure Steam boats, CIL\11L0TTE AND BYTOWN, Will leave Kingston for Montreal, des- cending all the Rapids of the St L;iwrenco ; and iMontreal for Kingston, calliug at ail the intermediate ports. These boats being strongly built, expressly for the navigation of ihe River .'St. Lawrence, and having low-pressure engines, all'ord a de- I :.; !,' U .] !.» m I M it'. 1 f(." ': ii' .) .1 , - ■ ' ♦ F i nil I :1 ?- m Tf^ m?. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ■irable conveyance to peracnR wishing a safe, comi'ortable and speedy passage. -•■'pply to the captains on board, or to Maui'Herson & Crank. Kingston, July 4th, 184.'}. Ill the next year, 1S44, the I'oyal Mail Steamers icconimenced their trips early in May, inert" being no alterations what:'ver ))etween Tcro-iio and KinLrston, either in the j vessels or their commanders, but a third j steamer, known as the ("aledonia, was added | to those running between Kingston and i Montreal. Three of the.'te steamers also began to run in 1844: between Kingston :.nd Coteau du Lac, namely, the Highlander, Captuin Stearns ; the Canada, (2iid) C»p- tain Lawless, and the Gilderslceve, Captain IJowen. The latter the year previously had run with the Brockville from Kin slon to Dickinso'.i's Landing. The Canada above mentioned was a large vessel of 450 tons bur hen, built at Prescott. Her master. Captain Lawless, had previously been in con-.tnand of the Kingston. The Highlander, built at Coteau du Lac iu 1841 or i84"2, was a very much smaller vessel. Captain Stearns, who commanded her, was her first master. There was also a forwarding liiM of ■teamers between Kingston and Mon- treal, consisting of the Favorite, Iki- tannia and Rob R y, under Captains Jone4, Maxwell and Dickinson respectively. On iluly 1st the Koyal Mail Line reduced their fares in consequence tf the opposition they experienced from the Frontenac, ('2nd) Captain Ives, Cabin was $3, decK $1 50 on thj latter ; whereupon the mail steamers made their fares $2 and 50 ccntB for each class respectively. The original fares had been S3 50 and $1 50. The next season, 1845, saw a good many changes in the Royal Alail Line, Captains W. and Henry Twohy superseding Captains Elmsley Aiid Cololeugh on the Sovereign and Princess Hoyal respectively. In 1S46 there was no change in the ves- sels comprising the mail line between To- ronto and Kin ston. They remained as they werfi the season previously, and the changes in. nhe steamers connecting with tlieni at Toronto and Kingston were very ■light Running; in coimectiou with the R. M. steamers between Toronto and Niagara, as r/eil as between the former port and Hamil- ton, were the steam rs Chief Justice Robin- son and Eclipse, aad excellent accommoda- t! u they afforded toe public .he following year, 1847, the same steamers were employed in the Royal Mail service as in ^846, but the newateamei Masf- aet was added to the Hat. These continued to ply in 1848, and in connection with them, briween Montre I and Kini^ston, were the i'assport, Hijhiander, Canada. (2ud) and Henry tJildersleeve, com- manded by Captains Bowen, Stearns, Law- less and Maxwall respectivelv. Xext year, under the heading "Telegraph Line, Fares Reduceil,'' the steamers of the Royal Mail Li le are thus advertised for the season : — DAILY LIN'E OF ori'OSITIOX STKAMERS. From Kingston to Montreal. I'he fast-sailing steamers Fashion, Captain Wells ; Lord Kl;,'in, Capt. Farlinger, in connection with the Royal Mail Steam- ers Sovereign and Princess Royal, leave Kingston every morning (Monciays excepted) for Montreal, at a quarter past six o'clock, and go through same day. Passengers by this line will arrive at Mon- treal in tliirly-iwo hours from Toronto. The steamers Sovereign and Princess Royal leave Toronto for Kingston every day (Sundays excepted) »t twelve o'clrck noon. Cabin passage — Toronto to Montreal, (meals included,) £1 0. Deck passage — Toronto to Montreal, (with out meals,) £0 5 0. Royal Mail Office, \ Toronto, .hine '2Gth, 1849. / Tlie riTer steamers were the same as in 1848. In 1850 there were again changes in the R. M. line, it couMistiiig once more of three steamers from Toronto to Kingston, namely, the Princess Royiil under her for- mer captain, the Mai-net, Captain James Sutherland, and the City of Toronto, also under her old master. For a very short time in the beginning of the season the Sovereign, Captain Neil Wilkinson, formed one of the line to Kingston. Tiiis was while the City of Toronto was employed elsewhere. In 1851 the Passport displaced the Sov- ereign, Captain Henry Twohy being in command of her, there being no change in the other steamers. In 1852, though there were few changes on the lake steamers, the vessels indeed with their commanders remaining the same, there were many minor alterations The arrange- ments for the season were as follows : — LAKK ONTARIO. 1'he steamer Magnet, Captain J Suther- land. 'J'he steamer Princess Royal, Captain J. Diok, J h>5 steamer Passport, Captain H. Twohy. nOWNWARDS. Magnet- On Mondays and Thursdays, leaving Hamilton at 7'i a.m., and Toronto at ai to 1 D. m.. for Kini'ston. "-p LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 903 •ame M in tew chan.ees Is indeed with he same, there The ivnange- oUows ;— Royal — Oil Tuesdays and Fri- 1 orouto to Kin^'ston, at a ^ to Princess days from 1 p.m. Passport — On Wednesdays and Saturdays, from I oronto to Kiup;8ton, at a ^ to 1 p.m., arrivinc at Kingston next morning, in time for the river mail boat, which readies Mon- treal early same evaning. Calling at intermediate port?, (weather pormilting. ) fI'\VARl>3. Passport — On Mouiirsia and Thursdays, from Kingston to Toronto and Hamilton, at 3 p. n<., on the arrival of Me river boat, arriviiif at Toronto early next morning, and let ■ n thervjfor Hamilton at 8 a.m., and return from Hamilton to Toronto at a p.m. on 1 ueattays and Fri'iays. Maijnet — On Tuesdays and Fridays, from Kingston to Toronto and Hamilton at 3 p m on the arrival of the river 1 oat, ar riving at Toronto early next morning, and leave liieru for Hamilton at 8 a.m. daily, leaving everv veek day at noon, and on Saturdays at 10^ o'clock, arriving at Kingston at 2 p.m. the next day. DowNWAHus — From Kingston to Mon- treal, daily, at 5^ am., arriving at Mon- treal tlie same evening. Calling at(yOteau du Lac, CornwaU, Dick- inson s Landing, East \Villiam»bu;g, Wejt Williamsburg, Matilda, I'rescott, Maitland, Brock ville and Oananoque. rCoyal Mail Steim Packut Office, \ Front street, Toronto, May, 1852. / ^laiiy as were the alterations in the smaller details of the R M. Line in 1852, they were small as compared with those effected in IS.'jS. This season saw four steamers on the lake, and also four on the river, instead of three, as in the preceding season. Those oa the former waters were the Arabian, Cap- tain Colcleugli ; the Maple Leaf, Captain .Te.mes Dick ; the Maguet and Passport, com- uiamled us in 1852. THE STKAMER ARABrAIT. Princess Royal — On Wednesdays and Saturdays, from Kint;ston to Toronto and Hamilton, at 3 p.m., on the arrival of the river boat, arriving at Toronto early next morning ; and leave there for Hamilton at 8 a.m., and return from Hamilton to I oronto at li p.m., on Mondays and I nursdays. niVER ST. LAWRKNCK. The steamer Ottawa, Caplaiu I'utnani. The steamer Lord Elgin, Captain Far- ling.jr. ThesieamerSt. Lawronce, Captain Howar'. Upwards — From Montreal to Kingston Of the river s^eame^8 connecting with them at Kingston, the New Era was added to the three already upon the route from there to Montreal. Tiie next season, that of 18j4, sawchaujes again, the R. M. Line once more consisting of but three steamers, their louie being di- rect from Hamilton to Kingston. The three steameira were the Magnet, Arabian and Passport, the two former still under their old coniinaiiders, wiiile the Ust was under Captain Harbottle, in place of Captain Twoliy, the former remuiumg '^i'hM l.i * 1 , 1-'. m Iv ! 'I ! I :•. I m IV. M-h 90-J LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. in command of her for many subsequent years. That if now (1S03) thirty-nine years a^o. and Captain Harboltle in a green old ago, is still living, while one of iiis sons, like his father I cfore liini, worthily to himself and with credit to h s principals, ooinmanda a Jake steamer. No changes occurred in the vessels or their captains in the season of 1855, but in lRr>6 there were very many. The boats ran through from lIAMII.TdS TO i-KESCOTT direct, and there were four packets as there •wer3 in 18.J.S. It was described as the quickest and most direct route from Hamilton to Toronto, Dar- lington, Port Hope, Cobourg, Kingston and Montreal. The following were the arrangements of this line for the season : — The River Line, composed of the Banshee, Capt. Howard ; New Era, Capu P. <». Chrysler ; St. Law- rence, Capt. Maxwell ; Ottawa, Capt. Kel- ]ey, left ilie canal basin, Montreal, (laily, at nine o'cloLk a. m. , and Lachine on the arrival of the twelve o'clock (noon) train from Mon- treal (except Sundays, when they left on the arrival of the nine o'clock train), calling at all intermediate ports, arriving in Kingston early on the following day, where they met the f.ake Ontario steawiera Kingston, Capt. iinmilton; Passport, Capt. Harbottle ; Arabian, Capt. Sclater ; Magnet, Capt. Twohy, for Cobourg, Port Hope, Toronto and Hamilton, connecting at Hamilton with the Great Western Railway for London, Chatham, Windsor, Detroit, Chicago, Mil- wiukrc, and all ports on Lake .Michigan ; and at Lewiston for Niagara Falls, ButTalo, and all ports on Lake Erie. Passengers taking the evening tr in of the 'Jrand Trunk Kaih^ ay met the steamers at Coteau Land- ing;, thereby avoiding hotel expenses at Brockville. 'I"he lake steamers also con- nected at I'rockville with the morning ex- press train, and was the only direct line tor Kingston, Cobourg, Port Hope, Darlington, iind Toronto. 'Jo tourists this line afTorded a most comfortable, pleasant and fxpeditious conveyance, the steamers being fitted up with elegimtly furnished saloons and state rooms, passing through the beautiful sccnerv cf the Lake of the Th.iusand Islands and all the rapids of the St. Lawrence by daylight. In 1857 there were yet more changes, the line leing advertised as being '* the only line without transhipment," and being made up of the following tirst-cla.ss steamers, vii : -Kingston (iron), Captain Kelly ; Bun- sliec, Captain Howard ; Passport (iron), Captain Harbottle ; New Era, Captain Maxwell ; Chumpion, Captain Sinclair ; Magnet (iron), Captain Twohy — built ex- pressly for lake and liver navigation, com- modious, staunch, and well found with every requirement for safety, and fitted and fur- nished with every modern convenience and comfort. One ot these steamers left the canal basin, Montreal, every day (except Sundays) at 9 a.m., and Lachine on the iirrival of the noon train from Montreal, for Hamilton and in- termediate ports, direct, without tranship- ment, connecting as follows :— At Hamilton, with the « Jreat Western Railway for Lon- don, Chatham, Windsor, Detroit, Chicago, (.ialena, St. laul. Milwaukee- etc. ; at To- ronto, with t' • Northern Railroad for Mackinaw, (ireen Bay, and all ports on Lake Michigan ; at Niagn- vith the Erie & tjntario Railroad for ? .»ra Falls, Buf- falo, Cleveland, Toledo, L lumbua, Cincin nati, etc. To families moving west the advantaLes were unequalled, the steamers running through without transhipment din ct to tl:a railway depots at Toronto and Hamilton. The Royal Mail Line had now lost its cistinctive character, the bulk ot the mails being at this time carried by the railways, but it is impos.sible to conclude this descrip- tion of the line without a brief reference to some of its leading officials and ship owners. Among the former no one claims, and claims more worthily, a place, than the SECRETARY AND TREASUBEH for no less than fourteen years — Mr. G. B. Holland. Mr. Geo. B. Holland was born at Montreal on the Sth of March, 181G, and was the oldest representatiTf of the Holland family who settled in the city of Hull, Yorkshire, England, some time durint' the sixteenth century. His father, Mr. Ralph B. Holland, was born in Hull, Yorkshire, in 1764, and his mother, Miss Reylanco, a descendant of the De I'rendergasb family, was born at (.lonmel. County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1780. Many of Mr. liolland's ancestors were en- gaged in shii ping and soire held high rank in the Royal Navy. The father of Mr. Hol- land was brought up to no profession, hav- ing on his coming of age ample means. Ho was, however, induced to engage iii speculation and lost thereby most of his fortune. Throut.'h tlie inducnce of his friend. Col. O'Neil, of th"? 14th Light Dragoons, ho obtained a super- numerary official position in the same legi- ment, with rank and pay of major, and saw service in Ireland during the disturbed .state of the country after the rebellion of 1798, On the breaking out of the war of 1SI2 with the United States, Mr. Holland, senior, ex- —built ex- ation, com- I with overy ;ed anil fur- enieiicc and canal basin, indays) at 9 of the noon Iton and in- ut tranship- it Hamilton, vny for Lcn- oit, Chicago, 3tc. ; at To- Railroad for ill pons on rith the Erie •a Falls, Buf- nbuB, Cincin e advantages lera running c'lirf ct to the Hamilton, now lost its of the mails the railways, 3 this descrip- rief reference als and ship 8 claims, and I than the UBEK —Mr. G. B. at Montreal and was the oUand family ill, Yorkshire, che sixteenth >h B. Holland, in 1764, and descendant of was born at land, in 1780. itora were cn- eld high rank ir of Mr. Hol- fession, hav- acre ample induced to and lost Through the I'Neil, of th-j nsil a sup»"i- he same ri'gi- lajor, and saw isturbed state lion of \~9^* r of 1812 with id, senior, ex- op. IHJl (TKORIJK lUTHTON HOI. I. AM) Kuriiiei'ly Socrotaiy Royal Mail Line o! Sieaniers. >'<'•' pji. itii,'), !Ki( :i'i] m' I (I \' .-i i ]■ \ m M-i I m LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 905 changed into the 19th Light Dragoons, which regiment was under onlera fi r Can- ada Tlie headquarters of tliis regiment were stationud at Montreal. On peace being proclaimed he left the servico and settled tliere in 1820. He then, with his family, went to the United States, lu 182S here- turned to Canada and took ill at Port Hope and died at bisson-in-law'a house, the late Dr. Hutchison. The family then settled in ^'ork, row Toronto. Mr (Jeo. H. Hol- land, the subject of this notice, was educated at Peterboro, Ont., under tiio late Rev. Samuel Armour, rector of Cavan, with the view of following the profession of medicine. On the breaking out of thn Mackenzie re- bellion in 18!}7« Mr. Holland went to To- ronto and joined the First Incorporated Df goons, and was about three years in that i-erviceaa Acting Quarter- Master. In 1841 he wasappointed purserof the Royal Mail Steamer Sovereign, under command, first, of Capcain Sutherland, and then of the Honorab e Captain Elmpley. In 1843 he was appointed secretary and treasurer of the Mail Line owned by Donald Bethune, Andrew Heron and Captain Thomas Dick, all now deceased. In 1857 he embarked in the hardware busi- ness, in 1866 Mr. Holland was appointed superintendent of the London and Lanca- shire Insurance Company and the Phoenix Lite of Hartford, and in 1870 1 ecame manager of the Ontario Branch Agency of the Equitable Life. In 1880 he assumed the management of the Unicn Mutual Life of Portland, Maine, and in 1884 was as- sistant manager of the Etna Life. In September, 1887, he took the responsible post of special agent to the Canada Life of Toronto, and held the same position until his death in 1889. Mr. Holland married in 184.3 Miss Cowan, only dangliterof the late Alex. Couan, senr , of Pittsburgh. County of Fron enac, Ont., grand-niece of the late (. apt David, of the Royal Navy. Mr. and Mrs. Holland had bix daughters and threu sons born to them. The eldest and youngest of the latter died . CAPTAIN WILLIAM OOKDOK, Of he captains ami other otficers who sailed on the steamers of tiie R. M. Line, or on those directly connected with them, the following reminiscences may possibly be read with interest : — There were in the fleet several old salts, originals in their way, brought up as regu- lar seamen, having navigated nearly all quarters of the globe in sailing vessels. One in particular, Capt. \Vm. Gordon, a brotl-er-in-law of Capt. Thos. Dick, was a noted sailor of the old school, and had all the feelings and prejudices of hia clatis against any innovation of established rules of all sailing crafts, and had a most thorough contempt of steam as a means of propelling power, which he said was a hum- bug, •' a delusion and a snare." Mr. Bethune was at the time Capt. (>ordon made his appearance in Toronto I utiding at Niagara the steamer Admiral, and ar- rangements were made that Gordon should command her. In fitting it out he had the steamer rigged as much like a soa-goinGC sailing craft as possible, two masts, large main and foresail, foretopsail, square sail, jib and flying jib, and a four-pound car- ronade mounted on the bow. The vessel was painted black, with a narrow streak of white around above her gaarle to sec or to do iiiiy tliitiL'. Thoso on board could only wait wiiii anxiety the fate vi hiuli they knew awaited tiicni. At i<:n<;lli KomewliRrc aliout midnight, tlic steamer ^itrucK, and al- most instanliy tlin sea broke over lier, and washed the whole crew into tiio lake, where 21 of them found watery fjraves. I he two miin who escaped were firemen, and they stated that they were utterly unalilo to re- late how and in what manner iliey wore saved. Tlie first they knew after she struck was when they found themselves on the roc y beach Next day the steamer was nearly all broken to pieces, and her tim'ncr and cargo were strewn along the shore for miles. The Reindeer was a side-wheel steamer, known by sailors as a " Polly wog.' She was owned by Holcomi> & Henderson, of Montreal, and sailed from Chicasto on the i(Uh inst., with 1.3,000 bushelB of wheat, Gl barrels of tallow and some tlour, for 8t. Joseph, where she was to take on some tlour, and then start for Kingston. Site had a crew •f 21 men and two passencers. Tlie cap- iain's name was Geo. I'atterson, a Scotch- man, who belonged to Kingston He was much respected by all who knew him. The name of the stewai d was James Henry, and that of the purser, Charles Bradford, ot To- rovto. The steamer was eight or ten years old, and ".ras valued at about twenty thou- •and dollars. The curgo was owned by Reiiaud & Frere, of Montreal. Both vessel and cargo were insured. The latterdaya of ISoThixilbeonmarkeu by great financial distress throuorhout the Pro- vinces ot Canada, both IJppir and Lower. Mercantile houses supposed tc be as solvent " as the bank " had toppled over, bringing with them in their fall yet smaller houses, who, having unexpected pressure put upon them to settle their accounts while their credit was impaired, cculd no longer meet their liabilities. The imports for 1850 amomited to $l,68.'i,959, but in 1857 they only rc'ched $1,325,880, a decrease of more than $.300,000, and in the exports the de- crease exceeded $137,000. The prospects theiefore for tj-ade during 1858 were any- thing but rffcAssuring. '/ he Toronto Lender of Apiil 2nd, 1858, ;n ref#rring to the ship- ping trade, more especially in the Upper Province, says :— "It is matter of regret that in the outset we must speak of the prospects of this branch of our trade as much darker than usual. The present s»a- Boii of navigation opens before business men have recovered from the prostration of the late commercial crisis. ' After some more general remarks, •etting forth how confidence among business men had 1)e3n shal^en, if not wholly di9, and prior to the opening of navigation in ISG', ulibrli had been made to have the ciiarges on freight and mineral.s entering Toronto harbor re- duced. I he lesult wen that when tho har- bor re-opened the following notice appeared|j Harbor Co.mmissionkk's QpFirK, ': oronto, Mareh '22, 1 800. Copy of a rcsolutio?) of the Harbor Cnm- missioneri; appointed ihi.s day. .Moved by Mr. Wort;!, seconded by Mr. Harris, that from the connnencemcnt of the season of 1860 the following changes bo made in the tariii' : rwrnf 910 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I'liut twelve nii'i haif centH per ton of 'i,0()0 Iba. bo eltiirged on uU iiieruhandise, anil all uneaumoiattid urtiuleii brought, in by weight. That the ciiargei on coal bo reduced from twunty-five cents to twelve and halt conla pur ton of 2,000 lbs. (Signed,) J.G. Ciiewktt, Chairman, Toronto Harbor Commiasiunora. On April Uth the steamer liowmanville left Kiugatou for Toronto and Hamilton, being thu rirat steamer of the season to p&ta from east to west. What migiit have proved a very serious accident occurred to the steamer Bay State on the morning of Wednesday, May 9th. During a douse fog on her way- up from Montreal to Toronto, on passing throui^h the eastern gap in the Island oppu.Hitc the city, ahe ran asnore, and despite all the efforts made by the captains of the Zimmer- man and Hercules, could nOb for a long time be floated. A number of passengers were on Ijoard who were conveyed across to Toronto from the Island in small boats. Not until May 12th were tlie efforts to Hoat the Bay 8tate su^cossfui. Wlun this was done she was happily found to be uninjured, and slie steamed into Toronto i ay looking none the worse for her accident. In anticipation of the visit to Canada of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, at a meeting lield ou May 21st, came to a deterniinution to get up a grand regatta in Toronto, to be held when the Prince paid his expected visit. 'I he Prince arrived in Toronto from Co- bourg by che steamer Kingston on Septem- ber 7th. A temporary wharf was erected directly opposite tlie landing place at tiie foot of ilohn street. Aim.ug tUe lliousands who welcomed him were the members of the K. C. Y. Club. Ic had been the intijution that the yachts should meet the Prince's vessel at the liarbor mouth, bearing down in line, the Commodore leading, each yacht tacking or wearing as the steamer Kingston passed, and dipping her ensign, but this plan was found, owing to tlie absence of wind, to be impracticable, and tl:e yachts were ordered to move in line opposite the landing place. As the Kingston entered this lino the cro.'-s trees were manned, ensigns were dipped, and tliret; hearty cheers given in honor ot the illustrious visitor. The members of the club were all in uniform, and H. K. H. is said to have expressed him- self as hiahly ratified with t!ie reception thev aiforded him. One of the most lamentable accidents that ever happened on tiio lakes occurred on September 8tli to the Lady Elgin on Lake Huron. Slie collided, or was run into rather, by the schooner Augusta, and sank in twenty minutes in th ee hundi'cd feet of water. She had a parl> of three .'uindred excursionists, fifty ordinary passengers, andacro.vof thirty-five officers and men. Of these only ninety-eii;ht were saved, among the lost being Mr. Herbert ingrntn, proprietor of the London ItliMtrated S'f.w.i, and a great number of Canadians. This news arriving in Toronto, in the midst of the rejoicings conse<|uent upon the visit of the Prince of Wales, saddened many a heart and darkened many an otherv\ise joyous liouseiiold 'I he regatta arranged for the Prince's visit took place from tlie harbor, Toronto, on 'iuesday, September Uth. The Prince having signified his intention of being present at the start, and at the same time recelvini; an address from the clul<, it was ilccided tiiat the boats should be moored in line in front of the amphitheatre, where the address was to be presented ; tiie members of the club there assembled in uniform on the platform for the purpose of greeting the Prince. On his arrival, ac- companied by the Mayor and several mem- bers of the corporation of Toronto, he was received with hearty clieers. The commo- dore of the club, Lieut. Colonel Durie, then advanced and read the addiess, to which the Prince replied in suitable terms. The start of the yachts then tooK place. The race, which was over an unusually long course, extending outside from the harbor mouth to Mimico, a dead heat of several miles, and from thence round the light house point to a buoy outside the sland, near the gap. The Rivet was the winning ssel, that being the thi:d match she won in that season, being equally fortunate at the Cobourg and Kingston recjattas. The Prince left Toronto by r^al, not by water, on the following day. During the latter portion of September severe storms visited Liike Erie, and a great many vessels were wholly orpartially w recked. Among these were THK SCIIOOSKR CHAMPIO.V, of Oakville, the brig Ocean, of Chatham, the Antelope, of Morpeth, and tlui J. 3. Scott, of Port But Well. The captains of the Ocean and the Antelope both i)erished and many other lives were also sacrificed. 'The steamer Morning, Captain Isaac May, was on her u^^ual loute on Lake Simcoo througliout the entire season. The Rescue, ot which Captain ThoinHS Dick was managing director, ran from C'ol- lingwood to tlie Sault Ste. Marie and in- termediate ports. She was a very po])ular ves.sel with tourists and was well fitted up and managed. mm LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 911 .^ nolher vessel on Lake Huron, r.no pre- viously intMitioneil, the I'lou hboy, this year v as uuder cuiniiiuiid of Captain I). W. McLean. She wiks cliartcred by, if not the actual proporty of, the Grout Northern Railway and curried the mail for the uortli- west, as did tlio Rescue aho. The first vess'-l to leave Toronto harbor in the sprine of 1861, with merchandise, was theDteamer Co(}uctte, U. H Ctiiaholin, maa- tor She sailed March 29, and carried 10,000 bushels of wlieat, consigned by llaga- mau Hi, Co., of Toronto, to Mr. Hagaman, of Oswego. Th') trips of the Zimmerman !•> Niagara were commenced on April '2Srd. 'J"he vessels of the Royal Miiil Line, or. aa it was afterwards called, the "Through Line," were the Magnet, Now Era, Kings- ton, (^iiampion, lianihee and Passport. Thay ran, as heretofore, from Haniilcon to Montreal. A serious accident occurred to the George Moffatt, propeller. She ran ashore while passing down the Long Sault rapids, on April 21st, narrowly escaping total ship- wreck. There was no change on Lake Simcoe, the Morning still continuing nt her work, ana with the addition of the Clifton, W. H, Smith master, the steamers on Lake Huron were the s ime as in ISfiO. The freight steamers between Hamilton and Montreal remained much the same as in the immediately preceding season. 1'hey numbered among them the Avon, Huron, Colonist, WcUinirton and West. The steamer Boivmanville, Captain Smith, of the Beaver Line, also carried both freight and passen- gers from Toronto to Montreal. Un May 10th there was launched at the Nottawasaga River a large tailing vessel, afterwards known as the Queen of the North, Captain A. Martin Sne was the property of Messrs A. M. Smith and G. H. NN yatt, of Toronto : was built by John Potter, of Oak- ville, and was intended to ply with grain between the upper lakes and Mon- treal. Another launch took place on the follow- ing day. May 11th. .a new steamer for Lake Simcoe, intended to replace the J. C. Morrison, burnt some time previouuly, wa» launched at Orillia. She was a pretty ves- sel, 1.51 feet long, 24 feet wide and 7 feet 8 inches deep. Her engines were supplied by the well-kno^n engineers, Gartahore, of Duudas, her builder bein.' Hugh Chisholm. She, at her launch was christened the Emily May, out of compliment to the eldest daughter of her owner and master, Isaac May. Miss Worthington, of Toronto, gave the vessel her name. Early in May Robert Moo die, captain of the Fire Fly, advcrlise.'* from I oronto, ' The Fire Fly has coininencd her trips to the Island, where our citi/.enn ctn got a mouth- ful of fresti air. She i-tarts at 11am. and every hour afterwards." I'herc is a very great contrast between Toronto Island ill 1861 and the 8ame place thirty years later. KAREWKI.L THR rKKR!,E.Sa. About the end of May thnre disappeared from Canadian waters one of the most popular steamers that had ever sailed thereon, the Peorless. She w.as purchased from the liank of Upper Canada bv J. T. Wright, of New York, for $;«> 000. She left Tor(jnto on May 10th, umler CJaptain Robert Kerr. Upon reuchint; Montreal it was found neceswary to diKinadt licr to enable her to pass under the Victoria Hridire. This was accordingly done, and on May 27th she arrived in Quebec. Hut W right's troub OS were not nearly over. Before ha could ttikc her away from Quebec much had to be done. It was ascertained that under recent liritisli laws the vessel could not sail for a foreign port without an Imperial clear- anco. This, she being owned by an Ameri- can, the proper officer at Quebec could not 5ranl. Wright then applied to the Ameri- :;an con.sul at Quebec fur a "sailing letter." This also was declined on the ground that the Pecrlosis might be intended for the use of the Confederate States, the American civil war having just broken out. Wright tben was obliged to give heavy bondM' of uxcuriiioiitHt.s from 'I'o.drito and otiiui- pirts bilwuen that oily anil Kiny-itdii to (juubei;, to mm and iii.s[)i;ct thu (JUK \T KASTl'.KN STKAMSIIII', then junt tiriivud from ICnglaiul When il i.H burnu in miml lliiil tliii vudsol was no luss tiiaii (i.'>l) feet in lon;,'tli, and lliKt siio was wide and deep in proportion, it is liuli; to be won- I'jrc'd lit thiit great niuubers of people availed tlicmsclvei of the advantages oll'ere I by the proprintorn of the l>o .\ nianville. On July 'Jliiii, on thu return journey, so pleased \\ere tlie pasjon;,'eri at the attention p.iid to tiieni by Captain ^mvth tiie mastntr of til vessel anil his biibordinates, that the gentlemen among them presented him witli un adilre-3, accompanied by a silver cup and salvor, 'i'liis aiidress was signed on be- half of the o hers by T. D. Harris and S. li. Fairbanks. The ladies of thu piirty, not to bo behind " their brothers and their cousins and ^iieir uncles," also as :od Captain Smyth's acceptance of a piece of music and also a meerschaum pipe. On July lUth there arrived in Toronto, from the (Channel Islands, under command of the gallant Colonel Maulevorer, of Crimean fame, tiie IJOth Canbridgeshire regiment. The steamers I'assport and lianshce conveyed the entire reginjent, and it is worthy of note without the slitrhtos mishap, from (Quebec to Tor >nto. This was by .'lo means a small undertaking. A now steamer is in the middle of July thus announce>l : — 'MMPOKIANT NOTICE. The splendid steamer BAY OK yriNTB Will leave the Custom House wharf to-day, at 11 o'clock, a. m . for Kinuston and inter- mediate ports. Fares reduced. Apply al Mail Line office Toronto. July 16th, 180L" A yacht race took place in Toronto harbor on September 7tli. between the following yachts : I he Wide Awai')icj cour.^e khould extend from Toronto to I'urt i >aU h lUMie and bac V, a total di.s ancu of abi)Ut Beventy nulea, thuH atlordin : a good oppor- tunity of dovelopin;^' tlic sudini; pL'wer.i of the crafts unteied. Tliu cup was won by the Gorilla, her tiino boin^ hourii, 4U minutes '25 seconds. The Uivet followed her in thirty mi lUtes, and the lireeze, thouich tiiird, was more than two hours bohini. This was the secouii year a Cobourg yacht had carried otT this cup, the Wide A^\ake, of the same place, having secured the trophy in ISUI. A very violent storui prevailed at tlie eastern end of Lake Ontario ou the night of November '2nd. Many vessels were wrecked, accompanied by great loss of life. The propeller liay State, Captain Marshal , btilon ing to the Northern Transportation Conipa y. was lost ou her journey from Os- wego with all on board, the othcers and crew numbering eighteen persons. On Lake Erie the storm was no less dis- astrous. As the propeller Howard was on lier way from Dunnville to BuiTalo, having ill tow Bi.\ scows, whe:i near Point Abino, owini; to the violence of the storm, the scows broke loose and «vero totally wrecked, uo less than sixteen of their crews perishing in the waves. Navigation closed for the season about November ITth, about tl.e same time as in the two years preceding. On March 5th, 1803, expired at Hem- mingford, Canada East, at the age of sixty- seven ye»j:s, Mr. Alexander \Valker, for many years matti of the Ciiief Justice Rob- inson and subse(^ueutly iighthousn keeper of Toronto harbor The Collin J wood Enterprise, in its issue of April 11th, says : " Lapiain T. Dick has taken tlie contract for carrying the mails from Collingwood to Siult Ste. Marie this season He will hare a boat ou in the course of a few days." The Zimmerman's trips began this year OD April 17th. Her command was still in till, hands of Captain Milloy. On April 15ch Messrs. Chaffey, of Brook- ville, launched a second large propeller from their building yard. A l^^ige crowd assem- bled to witness the vessel, which was called the Brock ville, glide from the stocks into the wat , ot the St Lawrence. This firm also rail during 1863 another propeller called the Bris ol, besides the steamers Wel- luii^'con and Boston. The ^:eat event of the season, in connec- tion uith the siii;>pinu of Kingston, was the launching from that port, on April '21st, of the barcjue Robert (iiukin, at the .Muiiiio liailway Shipyard This ves.sel was com- nienced in the ])reviuui OetoWtr, and cunt- pleiod early in April folloh« ing. Her dinieii- bioiis were l.'tO feet keel and 4le[)ta ») Imlil 11 tect (i inches. Slie was built exptesaly for tlio grain trade and had a carrying capa- city of '20, ()()() bu.sheU. She wa.s "trcu- nailed" fastened tiirougliout, l>(;ing with one exception the only ves.-.el on the lakes at tliai lime that wa.s so f steiicd. Navigation on La \e Ontario opened early this season (181)3) on March '2lkli, there bciii.' two arrivals at the port of Toioiilo. One of these wa4 the aciiooiier Indian W.-iid, from I'ort Dulhonsie >t ith 4^0 barroU ot plaster on board. 'J he other was also a schooner from I'ort Credit carrying tiiirty- five cords of words. Tne "Royal .Mail steamer Plougliboy," so the advertisome t for the >eason cle.scribed her, resume! her retcular trips from L'olling- wood to Sault Ste. Marie o i May '20th. She was under command of T. F. I'ark. The Emily May, on Lake Simcoo, began her journeys from Bell Mwart to Orillia on April 30tli. She was still under the same command and ownerc^hip, that of Isaac Alay. Tlie steamer Clifton, \V . H. -milh, mas- ter, commenced running in connectio i with the Northern Railway from Toronto, on May '2nd, between Collingwood and Owen Sound. Mr. Shickluna launched the propeller America from his yard at St. Catharines on the afternoon of Wednesday, April '29th. The vessel was owned by Messrs. !Morri- & Neelon, and the engine and boiler wore built by Mr. G. F. Oil, all of St. Cuth- aiiues. THE DISASTROUS WAR that was in 1803 raging so fiercely be- tween the Federal and Conii derate States of America had a most baneful iiiliuencc on the trade of the lakes. "There is that," says the Rochester Union of May 2nd, 1803, "which leads mo to tlie belief that the ste 'met s which ply to and from this port ou Lake Ontario the coniing season will bo few indeed. The American Sti-ambcat Company cannot find much to encourage the running of their large and ex- cellent boats, and as parlies on the .'alanlic are seeking these boats for those waters, we need not be surprised to hear at any time that they hare been withdrawn, even if tiiey are put in commission on Mon ay next as an ounced. As for a boat to run across the lake to the north shore pores, the ])rospect8 are by no means flattering. A large and ex- pensive boat cauuot be maintained, and Pi ,^M 914 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. • ] email ones adapted to such a route (»re not easily to be I'.ad. It must be a t^ood sta beat to get a licenst. to carry pajsengerss across t.be broadest part oT Lake Ontario. SiK'h a boat has not yet been found ("apt. ^uh iti<^id ha; had the suljject undo • considur- aUOii all wint'rr, but with no conclusion as yet. The uei'au;^cmont of the currency pn:s a (|uictus iirion the trade vvitn Canada, hence there is little for a steamer to do on this route. C'a[)tain 8. would be willing to run a boat, without profit, to acconunodatc tlie pulilic, and l;eep the route open this season in the hope .)t future proHt when trade shall resume its accust)ined ciiaiineia. Thus far there i« nothing that indicates that a steanior w ill be put on the route to the Noi th Shcre thi.s seasoti, thout'h the subject is still under considcatiou. The Catuuiian business doiie iiy water will be conducted Isy sail craft in *he absence of slea'iiers. The primitive method, in vogue half a century a^o, will bo revived, indeed it has been ab'eady. SNchuoners are carrying both freijiht and pas- senfi^cTs toiind from this port.' A few days later the same subject is again referred to by the Rochester Democrat, which says: "On Saturday eveniui: t)ie Schooner Morgan sailed from Chirlotte to Toro'^to with a car_'o of seventy rive boxes of trees The schooners .lohn N\'esley, Mary Adelaide an i Petrel, sailed on Friday evening for Canadian ports with cargoes of miscellaneous merchandise. Not- withstanding the high price of exchange and coin, there seems to becjuite a trade spring- ing up with Caiiada, and in the absence of any steamer directly across the lake, this trade is carried on with schooners." When the steadier Bowmanville was en- tering Hamilton on May Sth the mp.te of that vessel, Nathaniel Montgomery, fell overboard and was drowned. He belonged to Toronto and was unmanned. He was a most popular officer, and greatly liked by everyone. On May 10th died at his rcsideiw^c. Clover Hill, Toronto, after a long and severe ill oe.ss. Captain Klmsley. The deceiisied gen- tleman was a member of th'; Legislative Council of Upper Canada before the union. He was formerly in the Hoyal Navy, and as has lieen s en fo'* some time commanded a steamer on the lakes. The Toronto (ilohe, in referrin,' to Captain Ehiisley's ileath, says " Hs was liked by everyone for his kindness of heart, sincerity and candor." Under the name of th" American Express Line, "one of those magnitii^^nt steamers,'' Bo runs the advertisement, "TSay St-ite and C'ataraet," lea^'es Toronto " every .Monday, Wednesday bnd Friday, for Montreal and Quebec," calling at Rochester, O-iwefo, Sackett's Harbor. Kingston. iJrockvi'lIe, Ogdensburg, etc., connecting with the new river steamers Montreal and Caistor. Not only were the "fares at lowest rates,'' but m'iral)ile dictu "American money was taken at par.' Considering that gold at that particular time was in the United States at a premium of 150, and that "American money' consisted for the most f art of "greenbacks." these terms must be considered princely in their liberality. DKSKKTKKS HiOM KINCJSTON. Tite following iimusing account of two de- sertions from tlic garrison atlvin.ston by the aid of the steamer Cataract is taken from the Rochester Jh morrnt, published in tlpril : — A MiLIT.VUY LmPORTATION FllO.M KlNOS- TON, C. \V. — NovKL Moi»K OF Dkskktion. — A passenger i y the stea.iier Cataract, which arrived at ('ha'lotte last evening, relates the following interesting occurreiie(! as tian.spiring during the passage from Kingston to Sacketc's Harbor. Th.e i)oat arrived at the former port at 5 o'clock on Tuesday morning, where the captain found upon the wharf awaiting shipment an ob- long box 'oearing the following marks : — With care A.MEKicAN Glass Co , Pearl street. New York. From \Vm. Hunter oat o'clock on itAin iouiid nit an ob arks : — w York. diet that the stripes \viU be taken from off hit arms and placed vpon his back. We advise him to make for Rochester and go into the heavy artillery. On Jnnc 22nd the American Express Lino announcea a chanc;e in its arrangements, as follows : — "CHANOK OV TIME. "Through to Montreal in 36 hours. Amer- ican money taken at par. "On and after Monday, June 22nd, the splendid lake steamers Ontario, Captain J. B. Este» ; Hay State, Captain J. B. Mot- lev ; Cataract, Cap'.aiii .J. H, Ledyard ; with the new and ' have concluded that the most profitable disposi- tion of their investment is to retain the steamer in the traffic of Ihe St. Lawrence and Lake Oatailo. ' Another accident occurrf'd to the Pass- port on November 1st. The Toronto G/ohe thus refers to it >u its impr>"3sion of Tues- day, November 3r.l : " 1 he sfeamcr Pass- port sunk in Kingston harbor on Sunday evening. She was upward bound withover 100 tons of freight on board." On November 5th the propeller Her Ma- jesty, built for Captain Perry, was launched from the yard of Mr. Si ickluna, of St. Catharines. Her dimensions were 185 feet long by .SO feet wide. 1 1 er depth was twelve feet six inches. She was at the time one of the largest vessels of her kind on the lake. There was much rou.h weather on the lakes at the close of October and early in November, though happily the season closed without serious destruction either of life or property. Mr. l). S. GiMersleeve, of Kingston, died very suddenly on March 9th. '1 he Kings- ton Aeww, speaking of his death, describes him as " a wealthy steamboat owner, an active lawyer, and a man of much business energy and enterprise." \lr. Henry J. >mith, the Deputy Harbor aMaster at I oronto, also died in that citv on March 27 th. On March 31st the St. Catharines Journal, under the heading " The first vtssel,' an- nounces " On '! hursdttv last," this would be on March 24th, " the nondescript craft Sunshine came over from Toronto to Dal- housie and returned with a load of cement. She has the honor of beins the first vessel to clear from port in 1864. May she long shine." The new fast-going steamer Rochester. Captain W. T. (ireenwood, ran from Port Hope to Rochester in the season of 18(54, commencing April 4th. .'"he connected with the ya^ W Mail Line, was rebuilt, in Detroit in 1863. She wai sold m 1864, and |icr name changed to the Algotna, she beini; sent to Lake Su- perior, pl>ing from Coilingwood to Fore William. Her captain was D. Maclean. She made her first trip on April 28th. The steamer Empress left Kingston for Toronto on April I4th, for the purpose of taking he route between that town and Niagara in place of the Zimmerman. Cap- tain Chrysler was in command. The Royal Mail Line in 1864 consisted of the steamers Kinsr^ton, Captain Howard ; Passport, Captain Kelley ; Map net, Cap- tain Fairijrieve ; Banshee, Captain Swales ; the Champion and the new steamer Grecian, Captain C. Hamilton, of Kingston. These st amers, rum ing from Montreal to Hamil- ton, were the only vessels which ran the north channel of the rapids, the most pic- turesque one on the way to Montreal. The steamer Grecian had been built on the Clyde and brought out to C anada in the autumn of 1863 and there put together. Her projectors expected her to prove the fastest boat on Lake Ontario. The steamers on the R. M. Line were all thoroughly renovated this season and placed in a condition to ensure comfort a^d lafety to the passenc^ers. i he Toronto Daily Leader of April 18th, in commenting upon the facilities this line ofTered to the travelling public, says : " Such privileges cannot be overestimated by the public, who will find the Royal Mail Line an exceed inely safe and pleasing one to travel by east or west. The commanders have I een selected from amongst the most gentlemanly and thorough seamen to be found on our lakes, the better to secure the confidence of the public." Messrs Chafley & Co., of Toronto, were agents for the followinii: fn iuht boats : Whitiy, Captain McMillan ; Ranger, Cap- tain Leslie ; Propeller Magnet, Captain Malcornson ; the Mtrritt, Captain ^mith ; the I'ristol, Brockville and Cantin. i he latter was a new boat, bwilt I y Mr. Cantin for Mr. J. D. Black, of Montreal. The Merritt was the largest propeller that had been built in (anada up to 1864. Her capacity was 35,000 bushels of grain, or 7,500 barrels. I^he was three masted and barque rigged. Jacques. Tracy & Co.'s freight line of Montreal consisted of the steamer-i Huron, Captain Taylor ; Colonist, Captain Moat ; Indicn, Captain Vaughan ; vSt. Lawrence, Captain Rea ; the OttaM a. Captain John- son, and the Avon, Captain .^'mith. These vessels fcmed a daily line from Montreal to H.itnilto , oariying both freight and p^s- eengers. Messrs. Henderson 8l Co. sncc&eded to the old established business of Holcomb & Cowan, of Toronto and Montreal. Their vessels were the Brantford, West, Osprey, G. Moifatt and a new propeller owned by Captain Peiry called Her Majesty. This vessel was commanded by Captain Handside. She had cabin accommodation for ninety passengers and freight capacity for 6,500 barrels of ilonr. The propeller America ran from Montreal to St. Catharines, calling at Tironto on her upward trip. On the (ireorgian Bay the Clifton ^^ as on her old route, commanded as in previous seasons. 1 he Grand I'runk Railway chartered ei!.ht steamers to run in connection witli their road from Sarnia to C hicaeo, and the Great Western had six steamers also on the same route. A NKW STEAMER. On April 20th Captain Nlilioy's new steamer, the City of i oronto, was success- fully launched at Niagara. The timl ers of the unfortunate Zimmerman had scarcely become cold when Captain M illoy, with i he earnestness and determination for which he was so famous, began making preparations to replace her. 1 o assist him in this design he called to his aid the services of Mr. Shickluna, of St. Catharines, the well- known sbip-buil<'er. 1 he keel for the new steamer was laid on October 20th, 1863. and exactly that day six months the vessel itself was launched. Mus Robertson, daughter of Mr. Donald Roiertson, of Queenston Heights, named the new vessel, the usual bottle of wina being I token upon her bows. The dimensions of the C ity of Toronto were : length of keel 202 feet, 219 feet overall ; width of 1 eam, 27 teet ; depth of hold, 11 feet 6 inches ; draught, 7 feet 6 inches, and 600 tons burden. The Royal Mail Line began their regular trips for the season on April 29th. The first to leave was the Banshee. '1 he American Steamboat Company ar- rangements for the lake and St. Lawrence for 1864 were as follows : The Ontario and Viay State at titst formed a triweekly line. Early in June they were joined by the Cataract and Lord Elgin, a regular daily line being then established. Their route was from Oswego to Toronto and frem To- ronto to Montreal, connecting with the river steamers at Ogdensburg 1 he new City of Toronto cotnmenced her journeys from Toronto to Lewiston on July 26th. The vessel was a great success. I he Empress, which up to this time had been on this route, was reir.oved to that from Rochester to Cobourg. She collided iiU Am '''^p!i Ik! I'M ii||p(r m Mr' P^ up., i';- V %' 1- ■ ' I'l j (.1 ■! h' ' m If I it|i! It ? feHi !lU 918 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. near the " Ducks" witit the Banahee on August fith. Fortunately no lives were lost but great damage was caused both ateameri. A new vessel built at St. Catharinen, known as the Silver Spray, Captain Donald- ■on, commenced running on Slonday, .July 25th, between Toronto and Port Dalhousie, connecting with trains for St. Catharines and Buffalo. .Slie returned to Toronto from Port Dalhousie every evening at 8 o'clock. Terrible disasters occurred on the upper lakes in November, whicij resulted in the loss of fifty lives and the destruction of property valued at more than one million dollars. Navigation closed pretty generally about the mide of March 29th, " for 1865 were not very brisk, owing to the amall overplus of produce requiring shipment." The steamer City of Toronto commenced her trips from Toronto to Lewiston on April 3rd. Her hours and places of departure were the same as in the season of 1864. The first arrival of the season in Toronto harbor was the Highland Chief from French- man s Hay, laden with 44 cords of wood. The following notice appeared in the Kingston Whig of .April I'ith : — " R'lYAL Mail Line. — 1 he steamer Gre- cian, of the Roal Mail Line, makes a trip on Tuesday to Toronto, with a load of barrack •tores, from the Military Stores' Depart- ment at Kingston. She will ^ the first of the line to make a start. It is not expected that the lii e will commence running until a few days before the 1st ot May, by which time the new steamer Spartan will be ready to take her place." The schooner Eureka, having been placed at the disposal of the Volunteer iNaval Brigade at Toronto, she was taken out by them under the command of Captain Mc- Master for the fiist time on April 14th. TTo T' ronto Globe, speaking of the brigade, says they were well drilled, and doubtless at the call of duty would be " ready, ayij ready." TWO NEW REVKVdE CtTTTERS were at this time in course of construction for the American Government service on Lake Ontario. They were built at Willianis burgh and at Baltimore. Owing to the great amount of smuggling that had been going on throughout the War of Secession this course was absolutely necessary. Ti e Royal Mail Line began ch«ir trips from Hamilton to Montreal on May 4th. The fleet consisted of the Champion, Passport, Grecian, Majirnet and Kingston ; later in the season the Spartan. The Rochester was on her old route from Cob( urg to Rochester ; the Silver Spray, be- tween Joronto and Port Dalhousie, while the American Express Line had their three steamers, the Ontario, Bay State and Cata- ract plying as in 186.3-64. On Lake Huron the Algoma, Captain Leach, made her first trip for the season on May 9th. The new steamer !^partan, of the Royal Mail Line, p.rrived in Toronto for the first time on May 24th. The Globe of the follow- ing day thus describes her : " The splendid new steamer Spartan was in our harbour to- day and yesterday, and was visited by a large number of our citizens. She is really a most beautiful vessel, fitted up in cabin and saloon in the most gorgeous manner, with all the elegant finish of the tasteful ar- tisan. Her machinery is of the most power- ful and perfect kind, without the appendage of the u:;ly walking beam so frequei t on our lakes. She was built on the Clyde and brought out in sections and put together in .Montreal." Trade on the lakes thronghout ISC') ap- pears to have been at a very low ebb. Week after week, from the opening of navigation, the same complaint of dulness arose. On June 20th the Globe writes despondingly : " In marine afTairs we have been waitinsj to chronicle some activity, but must again re- vert to the same old report of dulness that we gave some tiiiie ago." The paper then, after a few general remarks, expresses the hope that this state of inactivity will soon be dispelled, and somewhat more cheerfully winds up its otherwise most lugubrious com- ments by saying that it hears : " The new steamer Corinthian is expected upsocn. She is said t3 I e a marvel of beauty and one ( f LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 919 been placed iteer N a^al ien out by laptain Mc- April 14th. the brigade, d doubtlesa ' ready, fty>> TF,R.S conairaction i service oa at Willian;a >wing to the lat, had been of Secession ssiary. n their trips VIay4th. The on. Passport, ; later in the Id route from irer Spray, be- housie, while d their three ate and Cata- roma, Captain th« season on of the Royal p for the first .of the foUow- The splendid ur harbour to- ▼isited by a She is really up in cabin reous manner, the tasteful ar- e most power- the appendoi?e requei t on our Clyde and ut togeihcr in the finest of the many beautiful boats which adorn our lake bhipping." Only two days later, on June 22nd, the (llohe returns to the subject and states em- phatically " tl:c business of the lake will not p;iy the larye number of vessels in want of «;mployine -X this season." 'I'his time the Ulohe has iio consolatory remarks to offer. The steam r Bay of Quinte broke her shaft about June 24tli, and was towed from " Tlie Hay" to Kingston for repairs. During her temporary absence from her route her owner, Mr. Gildersleeve, chartered the R. M steamer llansheu to supply her place. On June 24lh appeared for the first lime on the lake what her advertisemout des- cribes as " I'he magnificent new upper cabin ateel- platcd Stkam kr CORiN 1 HIAN, Ckyslkk, Master. Until Further Notiv;e Will Leave I'ort Hop*, \\'eather Permitting, Every Morning, (Sundays excepted,) at 10 o'clock, after the arrival of trains from east, west and north, For Charlotte Direct, arrivir g t lere daily in time to connect at Roche.'. 'er with afternoon trains on the N. Y. vJen.rai and N. V. and Erip Railroads to all points east, west and south." The CoFiiitiiiau called at Cobourg and Colborne, both going and returning. Her commandpi', Captaia Crysler, had form- erly been in charije of one of tlie Ray of Quinte steamers. With the advent of the Cor .ithian the Rochester, hitherto on the route taken by the latter, was taken olF, ;ind aftjr thorough repair placed upon the Bay of Quinte. A new sailing vessel, known as the Jaccjues de MoUvy, arrived in Toronto, under com- mand of Captain D. M. Tucker, on July 23th. She was described at the time as being one of the finest vessels that had ever entered Toronto harbor. She was 148 feet loii;; and was of (JOO tons burthen. She was built at Liverpool by her owiieis, Messrs. Nyrian & Purdow, of that city, and was the tirsl of the Templar line of packets to run from Liverpool to the north-western lakes. The (7A)6e of July 27th thus refers to an all-but-lorg(jtten incident, that of the TI.NY STEAMEIl RU'PLK, ■iometime running between Toronto and the Island : " The miniature little stea ner, the Hippie, with her jaunty rig and oblig- ing i oy captain, runs half-hourly between the city and the Island, and is well patron- ized by our citizens and the young folki desirous of enjoyincr a sail." On August '.i.*2ndJohn Walsh, captaia of the steam ferry boat Piincess of Wales, ad- verli-es that his steamer will leave Tinning's wharf, Toron* J, for the Island, every day at noon, and every h Wf hour afterwards tlirougii- out the day until 7 p.m. The Spartan, of the R. M. Line, met with a very serious accident by running aground in the St. Lawrence, near Caughnawaga, on August 27. Fortunately no lives were lost. The vessel was eventually repaired and re- sumed her usual route The propeller Brockville, belonging to CliafTcy & Co , of Kingston, and trading from .Montreal to Toronto and Milwaukee, was wrecked on November 8th at Big Point, Sable Lake, Michigan. Two lives were lost, besides 2,400 barreM of Hour For- tunately for her owners tlie vessel was fully in.sured. For some years the steam communicaiion between CoUingwood and the Sault Sie. Marie was limited to one boat a week, and although the service as performed by the Algoma in 18G4 and '6.5 was punctually and efficiently done, business sufficiently de- veloped itselt to justify additional provi- sions. In 1866 the Northern Railway Company completed arrangements securing a double service during that seaso' — steani>'rs leaving ','ollingwood fur the Sault twice a week in- stead of only once. The second steamer wa- known as the Wolverine, and her rout' was the same as that of the Al- goma. Owing to an unu'^ually protracted vvinter, the various ports on the lake were not fro* from ice as early us was generally thu case. \avij,'alion opered nearly a fortniitht later than usual, thi; City of Toronto n«t resuMiing her trips until quite the middle of April. The Montreal passenger line con.sisted of the stcamera Spartan, (ireci'tn, Kin^jstou, I'a.-isport, Magnet, Champion and Hansiiee. Tlieir commanding officers were Ca}Uaius Howard, Hamilton, Dunlop, Keliy, Fair- grieve, Sinclair and Farrell. Tiie American boats ran the same -xi in 18(j."), leaving Toronto in the morning for Lewiston ; from thence toOgted up as an armed eruiser. The rest of them went on lor duty at Windsor. On the following day those of their comrades who had at first joined the Magnet were also ordered to Windsor, a re- port that a Fenian raid was there antici- pated from Chicago being the cause of this •hange. VOLUNTHK RATAL BRIGADE. During the Fenian troubles of 1866 the naval bri^rade (volunteer) was formed, as has been mentioned, for service uu the laKcs, snder Captain McMaster. When the actual invasion took place they were at once called out for active duty and loyally responded to the call. After the excitement caused by the invasion had subsided, the following letter from tha Majur-General commanding the troops waa received by Captain McMasler : Asaistaut Adjutant-General's Office, \ Toronto, June 10, 1866. / Sir, — I am directed by Major-General Na- pier, C. li, commanding li. M. forces and volunteers in Canada \Nestto express to you his thanks for the efficient services ren- dered by the naval brieade under your com inftud, particularly 'ecently, when required to take charge of and convert the steamer Rescue into a gunboat, -in discharging her cargo and getting the necessary armament on board in a very short time and in a highly creditable manner, and when relieved from the charge of the Rescue in performing similar good services when placed ia charga of the steamer Magnet. And the Major< General will not fail to avail himself of the ser\ ices of the naval brigade afloat should an opportunity occur, and will have great pleasure in bringing before the notice of Uia Excellency the Governor General the im- portant and valuable services which thaj have rendered. 1 have the honor to be, sir, Your obedient servant, William S. 13orie, LiieuU-Lol. A. A. G. M. Captain McMaster, Commanding Naval Eri<;ade, Toronto. This is certainly very pleasing, but it ia, to say the least of it, somewhat embarr^sing to be told, as the Toronto Leader of July 20th tells its readers, under the head- ing " Naval Brigade, ' " that this body of well-drilled young men are now dis- banded. Ill-usage on the part of the Gov- ernment is given as the cause " It ia to be feared the Naval Brigade expected too much. The Toronto Daily Leader, of August 16tha contains this paragraph : — " THE gunboat heron. The gunboat Heron, iukended for senriee att Lake Ontario, arrived here (Toronto) yeata^ day. She is a trim little craft and carriaa t«9 112 1b. Armstrong guns The Heronleft aft II a,m. for I'ori Dalhousie, and was 8aluta4 by the guns at the artilluiy lat racks." :t| ,i I' 922 LiANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ft' - ■ : At thii time the Govarnmont had ready for river and lake service the gunboats lirito- mart, Cherub, Rescue, Michigan, St. An- drew, Royal and Heron, all heavily armed and manned by sailors from the Royal Navy. The rowing club regat a of the Toronto club took place on August 2.3rd ana was largely patronized, the steamer Rutheaay Castle,having on board the band of the 17th Regiment, conveying spectators. There were six events, consisting of the fishermen's, boys', two-oared, sculling, double scull and championship races. These were won by the Silver Arrow, the No Name, Wanderer, Queen, Lady Jane, and Mr. Thomas Tinning secured the cham- pionship. The steamer Rothesay Castle, just tr.ea- 1 Hamilton to Toronto. She was then subsi- dized by the New Rrunswick Government and journeyed on the (iulf She was burned at Shediac in March, 1874. After this she was re-built, brought to To- ronto and called the Southern Belle. On August 17th, 1875, while coming up the lake she ran on the boiler of the Monarch, wh cli lies outside the Island, and was wrecked. She was restored and again ran from Toronto to Hamilton. A rather serious accident occurred to the City of Toronto while on her passage ou August 9th from Niagara to Toronto. She had ahead wind and heavy sea to contend w ith, and in her endeavor to sum ount the difiiculties that beset her path, she broke her shaft and reached Toronto in a disabled condition. She was off her route for exactly THE STEAMEK ROTHESAY CASTLE. tioued, was intended to run on the route from Hamilton to Toronto. The Toronto papers of August 25th thus refer to her : — " This fine ;steanier made her first trip yesterday, between this city and Hamilton. Previous to starting for the " Ambitions city" a trial trip was made iu order to satisfy theGovernment Inspector that her machinery was all light, "Capt. De Horsey, of the Royal Navy, and a number of other gentlemen were on board, all of whom spoke in the highest terms of the vessel. She will, during the remainder of the season, run between Toronto and Ham- ilton, and no doubt becnine popuhir before long The low fare and h ;r superior accom- modations will insure hur a large share of public patronage." 1 he Rot'iesay Castle was built on the Clyde about 1804, and was intended to be used as a blockade runner, but by 6he time she reached this country the " war was over and all things were righted," so she could not be put to her intended purpose. She then came into (he possession of Charles Heron and Thomas Leach in 1866, and ran on the Niagara rivur, opposing the steamer City of Toronto. Afterwards she run from a fortnight, her place being taken iu the meantime by the Osprey. This steamer had been built iu 1864 at Sorel ; was a side-wheeied, upper-cabin vessel, her dimensions being 175x45x11 feet 6 inches. She contained the machinery of the famous Jenny Lind, well known in her tune as one of the fastest steamers ou the lakes. The Osprey was built at the time of the American Wur of Secession, and was in- tended to be used as an armed cruiser, but no sale could be ciTectt'd for that purpose, so her owner brought her back to the St. Lawrence, when she was chartered by Capl. Frank Patterson for two years and ran from Hamilton to ^loniie;il. THE OSI'KKV'S KND. In 1867 she was purchased by JEueni Mackay for the purpose of trading to Hali- fax. One trip was made, but it tuuned out most unprofitable and was never repeated. She then ran from llainilton to .Niontrualuntil 1875 or 1876 with variable success, then Uid up for two years and in the end perisiu'd by fire. Capt. Daniel Taylor comniauded her for manv years. On August 'IS h a su])per was held ia To f^mm in subai- rerument bS burned ht to To- Bile. Ou ■) the lake ;h, wh ch ;ked. She oruato to red to the iss'gc ou 11 to. She contend 1 ouut the ihe broke Li disabled [or eiLactly tea lu tht in 1864 at ,pper-eabin 175x45 X 11 luacliiiiery ■ell liuowu |ileatiiers ou Itime of the id was iu- ;ruiser, but it purpose, J to the St. led by Capl. \\il ran from by iiiluea* jg to Hali- Ituuued out repeval Brigide. At the same time an epergne in frosted silver and glass was pre- sented to the formergentlemauanda "Henry" rifle to the latter. Ou September 6th there was launched at Oakville a sailing vessel known as the " Smith and Post," described by the Marine Inspector as being ' ' one of tlie finest vessels on the lakes " She was of 300 tons bur- then, her length, breadth and depth of hold being respectively 118, 26 ami 9 feet 6 inches. Her builder was John Potter, of Oakville, and her owners were Captain William Wilson of the same place, who also commanded her, and Thomson Smith, of Toronto. she came under Captain Hall's management ana control. iMuull.y ttie Uobl) vf&m Btninded at Victo.ia Park, and there re- miliar (1894). During November storm* Bwept over the province, and one of the worst o'^L'iirri'd on November 13th, when the Caspian ■ohocner wa« lost and many other vecseli belonging to Hamilton, Torouto, Port Hop* and K'lugJitou were either dismaiited or seriously damaged. The loss of life wae not MO greiit !\.t might hare bepn expeju;;h, though there were not a few who feared that the following year would see fresh cause for anxiety, Fortunately these gloomy antici- pations were never realized. A NKW DEPAHTCBK. The first composite steamer built upon the lakes was constructed iu 1866 iu Hamilton, and was named Acadia. She measuj-ed I40x i 40x12 feet, and had through her peculiar build very great carrying capacity. In 1882 forty feet was added to her length, and she became a general trader un the lakes. For the most of her time she has been com- manded by captains of the nam > of Malcolm- sou and has been very profitable to her ONvu?rs. iSlie id now (1S'J4) tlif property of i\w Muckiiy'w of Ilaiuiltou, uad ruus I from To:ou.o to Moutreal, ' W:: :;| ¥'■•■ J |.ilf ■rm m s ^v|> ii n 024 LANDMARKS OK TORONTO. i r :' i ■ i nr LANDM \RKS OF TORONTO. 925 Th« Kin.iton Whig of April 3rd, 18(i7> eoutained this notice : — The (JUNDOATS. — The gunboat Hercules, which has wintered in Navy Tiay, moMod to the dockyard wharf, alongside the gunboat Royal, is being fitted out by her crew of sea- men from the Royal Navy for the opening of navication, when she will be stationed either off Kin^jaton or I'rcscott. During the winter she was well repaireJ, having leoeived new paddle boxes, &c She cannot I e ex- pected to be able to move from her present quarters for two weeks at least to come. The Royal, which was stationed last summer off Cornwall, is not being fitted out this year as a gunboat, the GoTcrnment having no further requirement for her on the naval service. She has been handed over to her proper owners, and will leave for Montreal as soon as it is possible to pass througii the canals. The Hercules is now the only Canadian gunboat stationed b low the Welland Canal, but the Imperial gunboat Heron will constantly cruise between the upper end of the lake Mid Prescott. The following were the officers in charge of the English gunboats : Heron, Lieutenant Solly ; Bricomart, Lieutenant AUington ; Cherub, Lieutenant Huntley The Provin- cial gunboats were manned from the Aurora, as follows : Prince Alfred, Lieutenant Dou- plass, 3 officers, 1 surgeon, 2 engineers and 64 men. Rescue, Lieut. Fairlie, 2 officers, 2 engineers and 48 men. Hercules, Lieut. Ifooper, 2 officers, 1 surgeon, 2 engineers and 60 men. These boats had been in ch irge of Mr. G. H. Wyatt, the Government agent, since navigation closed in the preceding au- tumn. CHAPTER CCXLVIIL THE NIAGARA STEAMERS, 1874-78. AuOld Intlltntlon Threatened -Formidable Opposition— The Newt'omer >Vlns. The Niagara route was, as usual, taken by the City of Toronto, under Captain .lames Dick, in 1874, she making her tirsl trip on April 20lh. There was no change either in 1875 until late in the season, when the City was joined by the Southern Belle. In 1876 the City and the Belle tornicd a joint line on the route, but again in 1877 the former had the road to herself. In 1878 though, a " change cam •■ o'er the spirit of the scene" and ihe City found her- self confronted with a really formidable op- ponent, namely the Chicora which had been runnin|{ on the upper lakes for some years previously. This vessel had been built in 1864 in Liverpool, at least so it is slated, but it is far more probable that it was in Birken- head, which is exactly opposite the former port and is famous for its ship building industry and for little else. She was intended for blockade running, but "the best laid plans of mice and men gang aft aglee." Before she could make her way to the waters of the Southern Atlantic the Confederate Stttes of America had ceased to exist, and the star spangled banner once more floated triumphantly in every State from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. The Chicora was an iron vessel, her capa city being 518 tons, and she was valued at ?43,000. The City was in this season joined by the Rothesay, a sidewheel steamer of 528 tons burthen, biilt by Olive, of St. Job I, New Brunswick, at the same place. These two steamers ran in opposition to the Chicora and continued to do so until the close of the season of 1880. In the year 1882 the City was destroyed by fire at Port Dal- housie. The Rothesay went upon another route and the Chicora had the traffic, or rather the daily traffic, all to herself. The further history of th« Niagara line is fally told elsewhere. The Nlasara NavlKstlon Co. — Its Tcssels and Their Captains— 187S to 1893. The Niagara Navigation Company began business in 1878, establishing a line of steamers to run between Toronto, Niagara- ontha-Lake and L wiston. Their first vessel was the Chicora, which was already well known on the upper lakes, and whose name was during the first North- west rebellion prominently before the public in connection with the transport of C lonol, now Lord, VVolseiey's Red River expedition. The Chicora was a large steel side-wheel steamer, her length being two hundred and thirty feet and her breadth fifty-two feet ; her earl.er history is given in another por- tion of these pages. The first officer placed in command of this popular vessel was Captain Thomas Harbottle, who for so many years was in comtnand of the Passport, of the Royal Mail Lin^ It is almost needless to say that a better selection cuu d not have been made. Captain Harbottle having al- ways been a most popular man, besides a clever and experienced sailor. Succeeding Captain Harbottle came Cap tain T. Leach, after him Captai^n J. Mc- Corquodale, then Captain J. McGiffin. Fol- lowing the latter came Captain VV. H. Soltnes, and on the appointment of this gentleman to another ship Captain JamM Harbottle, a son of the vessel's first master, assumed the command, at the beginning of the seaso:i of 1893. li:'!| Is ftiti f. WDMAi: 'i W WiiiimwfitiiiJBniw t LAnuMATiKS OP TORONTO. 0'2" The Chicora continued linglehaniieil for just ten yearff, until 1H88, wheu ihe Cibola was planed upon the lamu route, and at the same time a small steamer known as the Ongiara, formerly the Queen Oity, which ran on Toronto harbour, was put upon the Niagara Hiver, plying from Miagaraon- the-Lake to Lawiston on the American side. She connected with the stiamers plying from 'Poronto. The Ciliola is » paddle steamship of the following dimentiioRs : — Extreme length over deck '26U tt; depth of hold, 11 ft. 6 in.; breadth ot beam, 28 ft. 6 in. ; with over all, 52 ft.; draught of water 6 ft. 6 ins. .'"he is built throughout of Dalzell steel which is the best known to»hiphuilder», the plates being tent out from Scotland by the Dalzell Co., each being u arranted and having the manu- facturer's trad- mark stamped thereon. Her Miodel, which is specially designed for stability and speed, is the work of Mr. R. Morton, of Glasgow, the designer of some of the fastest steamers en the Clyde. The deck is laid with 3^ inch pine, sup- plied by the Rathbnn Company, and is a fine piece of work. The hull is divided into five compartments by water tight bulk- heads. The construction of the ' vessel was commenced on May 24, 1887, in the shipyard of the Rathbun Company, De- seronto, the work of erecting the hull being entrusted to Mr. VV. C. W hite, shipbuilder, Montreal. The work progressed very ra- pidly and on 1 uesday, Nov. Ist, of the same year, the fine vessel was successfully launched, receiving her name from Miss Con- stance Cumberland. The engines are the work of Messrs. Ran- kin, Blackmore & Co., of Greenock, Scot- land, who make a specialty of fast paddle engines for the celebrated Clyde passenger steamers. 1 hey are of the direct acting diagonal compound type, having two cylin- ders 47 inches and 85 inches in diameter, the stroke being 5 feet 6 inches. The saloon is finished in solid mahogany and with the ladies' cabin prebenta a liand- soine appearance. Electric lights are used throughout, in the stokeholes, in the engine rooms, fore- castle, etc. The dining room and main saloon have three rows of lights down the centre of each, encircled with cut glass and opalescent globes. Above the main stair- way hangs a chandelier of pierced brass with jewelled openings and containing clusters of lights. Her first commandant was Captain Mc- Corquodale from the Chicora, after him was Captain Mc(iitfin, and at the present time Captain W. H. Solines is in command. Captain McGifGn having been transferred to the latest addition to the company's fleet, theChippvwa. The various individuals and firms engaged in building the Cibola were as follows : — Designer, Robert Morton, Glasgow : steel hull, Dalzell Co., Dalzell, Scotland; marine engines, Rankin, lUackmore & Co., Green- ock ; erection of hull, W. White k Co., Montreal ; erectior of woodwork, Rathbun Company, Dnseronto ; mahogany and deco- rarion, Wm. Wright & Co., Detroit; electric lights, Edison Co , New York. Of the Chippewa, which made her first trip on July 26 in the present year (ISO.'i), it is all but impossible to speak too h ghly. .She, like the Cibola, is little less tl an • floating palace, her appointments, macliinerj and general finish as nearly as possible ap- proaching perfection. ijhe was successfully launched at Hamil- ton on Tuesday, May 2nd, and received her name from Miss Gertrude Foy, and Miss Phyllis Hendrie. Ihe Chippewa is 311 ft. over all with a total breadth of 67 ft., and a depth of 13 ft. 6 in. She is a side wheel vessel on the plan of the Hudson River steamers; her ■aloon is 192 ft. long and there are four large state rooms in birch, oak and mahogany. This splendid ship was built by Mr. William Hendrie, of the Hamilton Bridge Company, it being his daughter irho officiated at the launch and naming of the vessel. Every one in Canada knows both where the town of Chippawa is, and why it is so called, but the steamer just described takes its name not from that town, but from a famous man-of-war on the lake in 1812, called after the Indian chieftain. Every one, though, may not be quite at familiar with the names of the two other steamers just spoken of, so a tew words of explanation may be here given : — When the Spaniards', about 1580, follow- ing the lead of tbeir great compatriot.Chris- topher Columbus, created settlements upon the southern portions of what in now the United States, son e enterprising adven- turers took home to Spain the Indian Chief who at the time ruled over the country from Florida to the Mississippi, then called '« CHICORA," the "land of Flowers." The king created the chief "Don Francesco de Chicora," and gave to him and to his introducers a royal grant of all the country that bordered on the Gulf ot Mexico. Arm- ed with this they returned to America and extended their enterprises across the Mississippi, Reaching the plains they found the buifalo and therefore called this new province which was added to their do- main, "Cibola, ' the "Land of the tuffalo." I ; III A'i\ ■1 ;i. m II i Ir' • I 'I i:u a: .' f-Vi-- • . f)28 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. "v^'W . \'" ..'» U- m. 1. •A O H a -] H v. o ■A A ^ 5; LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 029 ■H I i ' 1i!i!' i if! m no LAXDMARKS OF TORONTO. n 'I !: Wh.it. then, could be Chi mviiioe Apart from the they are siiigu- l is the buffalo,' Chicora, "the pretty flower;'' and C.)ippeiva, "the ohii ftain." may long coniiiiue a successful career uiwn tiieir route between Toronto and Lewiston, ■workirp in the interest of the Niagar.-i. Ri^e^ Line. The presin*: president <>i the Xi;'gara K.I vigiUi(vn Company is Sir Frank Smith, the vici'-presidi-nt being Mr. llarlow Cum- J.eihnd, Mr. U. II. Melb'iiie is auditor, and the ever courteous srcretar,\" Juid man- ager is Mr. ,l(»lin Foy. Their oii'ice.s aro at 54 King street east. T )ronto. The ("ibila was burnt while lying in port !>t Lewiston, .Tuly IStli, 18115. I'n- jiappi'v one life avsis loNt, that of . iie third "ngineer. William U.ammond, who •was biirnt to death. CHAPTER CCXLIX. NIAGARA FALLS LINE 1883 TO 1893. A Pnpniar Trsscl— OpiMiMlllon Is tlie Soul ©•' Trndo— A Trii.c KfTocloil. The 1S83, being jected tion. -Viiigara Falls Tine, founded in Mr. A. W. llei)1iuin, of Picton, the principal j)ioinolei', was pro- for til' Iiurpose Oi .securing n yov- it any r.'te, of botli the fri ight find pnssengi'r traffic between Toronto, St.' Catharines and Niagara Falls, hence ihe name given to tiie tind 'rtaking. Their fir.st and only ves .el for some years was the Fmpress ot Inilia. This Bteanier is a very great ),ivf)urit(> with travellers upon Lake On arin and .iNc with excnrsionists. She '.as side wheel?, 19 one hnnilred ;ind eigii'y feel long over all ; has a breadth <•. forty-eight feet and a depth of upwards of eleven feet. She IS «d 'to.'} tons becthen, and was built in 1870 by .Liinieson, of Mill Pdiit. She had a new boiler in 18S4, was re- built in 18.S(), and again had most ex- tensive rei\".irs made to her in 18!)1. Her present conunander is Captain (J. O'I'.rien, and her previous masters have been Cuptains Collier, Hodgins and Van Dusen. Until 18N8 the Kmpress, for so she is always called for brevity's sake, was en- tirely uuopiKised on her route, but in that year "a change eaine o'er the spirit <•! tti.- .«crne," for when tiie scjison opined the proiirietms of the steamer four.d they were to have a rival to eoti,- pcte with who wished also to si-.are the risks .uid also the iirofits tu be gained fn.iu the lake trade. The opiKising vessel was the Lakeside, owned by the Lakeside Navigation Com- pany, which had j/reviously been running on Lake Erie, and was under command of Captaiii Wigle. The Lakeside is a propeller and liaa been used chiefly for excursions. She was built by liane, of Windsor, in 1888, Ler capacity being 2G7 tons. The Empress and the Lakeside contin- ued on the ^^■une route until 1892, when a new company was formed, who not only chartered the Lakeside, but built a. new steamer of their own called the Garden City ; so in 1802, be+ween To- ronto and Dalhousie, there were no le.«ia than three steamers rnnniug, namely, the Kmpress, the Lakeside and the Gar- den City. Till' name of the shipping company run- ning the last two of these steamers was the " St. Catharines, Grimsby and To- ronto Navigation Company." The G.'irden City was built nt Toronto in 18J2, by the Doty Company, in tl-.eir y-.rd at the foor of ISathurst street. She was intended by her owners, as has just been nu-ntioiieil, to ply from Toronto to St. Catharines, and she did so for the remainder of that year. At the time of her launch she was Fpokeii of being " likidy to prove one of tlie handsomest and most commodious steamlK>ais jilying on I-ake Ontario." Her length over all was 180 feet, hei beam being 25 and her width over guards ■44 l.'et, while her depth was 11 feet anil she drew six feet of water. No iron what- ever was used in her construction. She was of steel from stem to stern. Her decks were of British Columbia iKiuglas jiine, imported expressly by the builders, the l>oty Company. Tlie Garden Citv commenced running on the lake on .June 20th, 1892. Mr. John Ihioth is the engineer for these vessels, having been previously in (he employ of the Cl' tham Navigation Com- pany, where he served his artieles. Messrs. N. J. Wigle and A. W. Hepburn are the .ioint managers, and Mr. Smith, of Milloy's wliarf, is agiMit in TornMin. In 189;< the - at Toronto iiv, in tl'.i'ir (*"tiret. Sli.' as has jusi Toronto to so for the ch she was irovo one of eonunodionH Ontario." 80 feet, he I over snanl.- 11 feet anil () iron what- uctiou. tslie rn. li Columbia ?sHly by the > is h M 111 i t I If Mi ^•fllr m ff M ''^■j R ^:ii 1 m )n:ii Kaciug. Almost the first notice relating to the lake shipping in 1867 emanated from Captain Thomas Dick, of the Queen's Motel, Toronto, on April 10th. He advertised as for sale "the fine tug steamer Reindeer, now lyiii:^ in Toronto harbor.' Only a few days later, though, on .Mon- day, April 15th, the City of Toroiuo recom- Lnke Slilpping LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 'XVA 1 I ) 1 h ■•if in i ■'■ 1 li ! 1 .- ; ■ > ' rK m ^^"IW 1 ). f : i , I ! ■ ■ 1 I li! I 034 LANDiMAl^KS OF TOUOXTD. LANDMARKS OF TOI.ONTO. g3» L>' , -? ! ' inencod her re. ular daily Iripa frotn Toronto for Luwistoii and Niagara. Nuviijaiion opened on tlie ]>ay of (^uiiito about April tiOtli, tho steainrr of the .same name resutniiig there licr regular trips. Tho steamers Rochester and ilruee in this season ran tor the first time aa a daily line from I elleviUe to Oswego. On Wednesday, April 24th, the Heron ;;-anlioat left I Oroiito harbor for her tirst cruise. She had been entirely refitted diirini; the winter. .Mr. L'urran, of 'i'oronto, went with her a.s [lilot. On Lake Huron the Algoma resuii ed her ln\)i on May l.st and on the same day tlie Ida linrton did likewise on Lake Simcoe, running between Harrie, Orillia and W'ash- a o, in connection with the Nor: hern lliU wiiy from Toionto. The Koyal Mail steamers recommenecd tiieir through journey.s trom Montreal to llandlton on April 2',)th. The vessels em- ployed were tho same as iu the year previous. Ain(jn<.'' the freight steanjnrs and propellers between Montreal and Hamilton were the Ontario, Oeorgian, Indian, Huron, liristcd, Ottawa and Avon. Tliese were all steamers. Ainoug the propellers were the Magnet, N'ortli, St. Lawrence and Her Majesty. Tiie Corinthian made no change in her .sailing arrangements for this season. She ran as usual between I'ort Hope and Ro- thester. The Osprey also pli d as hereto- fore. On May 17th the Toronto Globe published the announcement that on and after the tollowing .Monday, May 20th, the steamer Rothesay Castle would commence making regular journeys between Toronto and Niagara, making two trips each way dailj'. CoinpUints were made that when the Rothesay Castle appeared on the Niagara route, raoing took place between that vessel and the City of Toronto. This was soon put a stop to. The Toronto (i/dIjc remarked at the time, in reference to what must be confessed was a most reprehensible practice : " We are glad to learn from Captain .Milloy that no further raoing will take place on ttic part of the steamer City of '1 oronto', be- tween this city and adjacent ports. Captain Milloy deserves the thanks of the people in at onee putting a stop to a system of things which could be productive of no good. He would liave deserved more had he never given any countenance to the thing at all." On May 2-4th the rowing matches of the Toroii',0 Rowing Club took place on the bay. The lirst race, for which there were three ■ ntries, was won by Richard I'inning in his skill', the Orlando. The course lay from the club boat around a buoy as- chored o(F the northern elevator aad back. In the boys' race which followed, and which was over tho samo course, only three boys entered, only two put in an appfar- aiicp, and one of these two broke dowa almost immediately, giving J. B. McMurn.b an easy victory. I he last event was a double scull race, dist nee two miles. Only two crews en- tered—those of tho Lady Jane and S y Jioots -the former, composed of H. Tinning and (iodfrey Donnelly, won. The racei passed otF very successfully. The America ran from .\lontreal to Kings- ton, ! oronto and Roches er, carrying iiotb freight and passengers. The 15ou([uet and the I'rincosa of \VaL»» formed the 'sland ferry from Toronto to what in later years has come to be known a( Centre Island. A Toronto paper, speaking of this spot, says " the crowds that daily vusit it are eviilently bent on making it the grand summer retreat this season." JOSKIMI DENNIS' DEATH. The Ti r. nto papers of June 19th contam the announctment of the death at Button- wood, ^\ eston, on June 17kh, of Mr. Josepli Dennis. Of him the Toronto Olohe of June lOtti thus speaks :- " Our recently deceased friend, Mr. Jose; h Dennis, was brought up in tl o dock-yard to a thorough knowledge of shipbuilding, w ich occupation, however, t e soon exchangeil for a more congenial one— that of sailing. Own- ing a vessel on the lake at thf outbreak of the American war in 1812, he placed t imself and his vessel at the disposal of the Government, and was attached to the Provincial Marine, [n one of t' e actions on Lake Ontario he lost his vessel, was captured and retained a ])risoner in tlie iiands of the enemy for some fifteen mont s. He subsequently command- ed, we believe, the first steamer on the wa« ters of Lake Ontario, the Princess Charlotte, which plied, as regularly aa could be expect- ed from a steamer of 50 years back, between the Bay of Quiiite, Kingston, and Pres.'ott. For the last si.\ und tl irty years .Mr Deniiii. liad retired from active pursuits retaininjj till within tlie last year remarkable \-igour, which, however, lie taxed but little, except- ing to indulge his taste in lishing, of which I e was an enthusiastic disciple. A man of genial and happy temperament, of unben ling integrilv, of simple tastes and mi>ti odioal habits, iio was a typo of man fast passing out of this country," It \i as rumoured throughout L'pper Can- ada in .iune t: at on tt o follo\> ing July Isc, when tho Royal Proclamation annouui in? the Confederation of the Provinces as th» il u if' I ; I ;iit steamer from Moiilruvl to Si. CiiUiai iiios, Toron; .» and tliu head of ilie lake, was Imilt in tbi i a route direct from l.i>iii'beo and .Montreal to Uruce .Mines, the Sault Si. .Maiie, Port William and Dulutli, and for all points in Red River country and Duluth. Not only was the l;n\u|uet annorneed to resume her trips for the season from Toronto to the Island on .May '24th, but she was joined by a new steamer, th:* Perry, Cap- tain Tiiomas Lundy, these two vessels making the journey four limes an hour. These boats were both under the same management. The Princess of Wales was, as in previo g years, upon the same route. On May '24th, the first day of the season, no less than five thousand people cro.«sed from To- ronto to the Island by the aid of these ■teamcrs. During the summer of 1871 the California was constructsd by Messrs. IJutters & Co., the merchants of Montreal being her owners. For some years she was commanded by Capt. Wm. Leslie. 'in 1880 Mr. Samuel Crangle and W. A. Geddes, of Toronto, {lurchased her. She traded on the lake for s' me time. She was considerably len.thened in 1882, and ran from Chicago to Montreal most suc- cessfully, Capt. John 1 rowel being her com- manding oliic«r. Like so many other vessels of her kind, "ho was lost in the turbulent waters of Lake Michigan vn October, 18S7. No blame was iuiimtod to Captain Trowel. C.4rT.\IN' :\1IL1.0Y RKTIRK'i The season of 1871 was not niiiked by any incidents ot great importai ce. Navi- gation closed rather early, and reopered somewhat latT than u.'^ual, the City of Fo- ronto not rfsuming her journ ys from Toronto to Niagara in 1872 until April ISth. The Koyal Mail Line, as it still calleil it- self, from Toronto to Montreal, lie::an its season's work early in .\ ay. There were no additions to their lleetof steamers, though 1: ' I '^1 I ■■!!■■?' W ^ 1^ ^ ^ ^?^^^< IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 so ^^* m ISik ■ 2.2 lit 140 1 2.0 m 1.25 III 1.4 ^ 01 r> ^^.:^ % J^J Photographic Sciences Corporation ^N ^ NJ :\ \ 23 WK»f M.ViN STREiT WEBSTIR.N.Y. MSSO ( 7 1«) •72-4503 ^ ,.<>. o^ '.^11 ' 'V'f •^wrmf^ TP IP**ipW!^"«!^^^ 940 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. they had all bee i rc-titted and re decora t« J during the winter. A ehaii>.'o v/m m.-idc this year in the com- mand of the City of Toronto. Captain Donald- son Bupersediiig (J ptain Milloy, who had for so many years sailed the vessel. On Lake Huron tliure were two lines of steamers connoLling with Toronto ; one ran from Sarnia in ooniiection with the U. T. R., the steamers huiti^ the Manitoba and Arca- dia. I'he otiior line sailed from CoUinj;- wood and consisted of thu Cumberland, Chi- cora. Franc s Smith and Algoma. I hey ran to all ports on the lake, carrying both freight and passengers. Of the propellers or freight boats running between Montreal and Hamilton the prin- > ipal vosseU were the Dominion, which ran to St. Catharines ; the Dromedary, Mary \V ard, America, St. Lawrence, Dalhousie and East. On Lake Sinicoe the Kmily May continued to run in connection with Northern Railway trains from Toronto via I'ell Ewart to Orillia. The annual mee;iug of the Toronto Row- ing Club was held on May 7th, when Mr. Angus Morrison was appointed president and \N . M Davidson secretary. Tl»e sttunier.s forming the ferry between Toronto and the Island were, as in the year previously, the Bouquet and Princess of Wales. Tlie following notice of the death of a Canadian, who was in H. M. naviil service, appeared in the Toronto Daily O'lohe of April 5th, 1872:— " Drowned at sea in the Atlantic Ocean, 130 miles west of the coast of Portugal, on the morning of Friday, March 8th, William Adams Jukes, R. N., sub-lieu- teiiuiit in charge of cadets on board of H M. steam frigate Ariadne, and eldest son of Dr. A. Jukes, of St. (yatharinas, Ontario, in (h« heroic effort to save the life of a seaman who had fallen over- board from the main top cross trees in a gale of wind. Brave and self devoted to the last, he perished in the performance of thu iiighest duty of humanity, in the 23rd year of his age, and died a true sailor. " Greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friend." Young Jukes had passed his early days on the shores of Lake Ontario, and was famous for his love of the water and aquatic sports. The regatta of the Toronto Rowing Club took place on Saturday, August lOt): The committees of tne club had spared no pains to afford accommodation to competi- tors, as well as spectators. Mr. Oeorge Hawthorne adopted an excellent plan for Luoyiug the course, that of having barrels. with good hi^'h flags tuffs placed through them, the barrels beiug on lloats of planks placed crosswise. The steamer Norseman, with the Queen's Own band on board, was char- tered by the club for the use of its members and their friends, while tugs J. S. Clarke and the Ontario rendered good service, the former in clearing the track, and the latter as judges' boat, i he bay was as usual crowded by small boats, but the progress of the competing boats was not so much im- peded as in former years. At 11:15 Mr. T. S. i'irchall started THE YACHT KAOK. This was one of the best contested and most inteiesting races that ever took place from Toronto harbor, and the following ac count from one of the daily papers of the time will probably prove interesting to readers. Five yachts were entered for those of the first-class and there were four starters : — "The Gorilla left Cobourg in time to reach Toronto for the start, but light ann batfiing winds kept her back, and she arrived here late in the day. "The Ina,6ri'de, Ripple, and Brunette got away in the following order : 'The Brunette led off, closely followed by the Ina, which crossed the line a few lengths behind bcr, and the run to the F.levator buoy was very interesting. The Brunette held her position, the Ini hanging on to her quarter, while the Oriole came after them in magnifi- cent style, every sail filling, and dashing the spray from her i ows, while the Ripple was astern and evidently out-sailed, on account of the (ompivralively liuht win , which favored the yachts with the greatest spread of canvas. The Elevator buoy was rounded in the following order : Bru- nette, Ina and Oriole. As the Brunette jibed around, the Ina came sweeping along and jibed over, ^md as the yachts were not a length apart the sight was a very pretty one 'I he Oriole followed in close order, and wel' together they sped aw%y down the bay tc the Marsh buoy. This was au interesting stretch, the yachts all being able to lay their course directly for the buoy. The Ina en- deavored to go to windward of the Hrunette ; but found that this would not do and boru away to iier leeward, and as the wind fresh ened the Ina evidently was picking up and passing her. Tlio Oriole, however, 'showed her heels' to both the sloop yachts on this run, as 8h<) passed down the bay in fine style, and reached the buoy abo<-t a length ahead of the Ina. The Marsh buoy was rounded in the following order : Oriole, Ina, and Bru- nette. The run to the starting buoy was a pretty sight, the ina gradually drawing W^mm mm LANDxMARKS OF TORONTO. (Ml Brunette got Alicail of the Oriole, while the Brunette was making good time astern. Neither yaulit was able to make the buoy, and the Jna tacked across the bows of the Oriole, and passed the b' oy firct ; the Brunette slipped past the Oriole, owing to her moving in stays more tapidly tiian the heavy schooners, and was second past the buoy, the Oiiolu bo- in;; third. The Ina pointeii for the Mimico Point buoy, and with mainsail, top-sail, stay sail, and iib and top sail set, she bowled alun^ with a long lead out of the bay, the Brunette following second, and the Oriole coming aft(;r at a rattling pace 'I he Ina greatly increased her lead on the run up to .Mimico Point and rounded the buoy seven minutes ahead of the llrunette, which was second, with the Oriole oh se boiiind her. Off the light hou.se all the yacht > were becalmed for some little time, until at last a breeze ai:swrred tlie prayers of the yaclitsmun, and the Mimico Point buoy was rounded as follov\s : — Brunette, Ina and Oriole The Ina and Oriole rounded the buoy at the same moment— and as the Oriole swunL' around and covered up the Ina with her gr^at spread of canvas, the latter lost headway and drifted down upon the buoy, thuslosiug several minutes in getting •leaf and away. The Brunette pointed tor the home buoy, and the Oriole made excel- lent time after her, while the Ina brought up the rear. The Gorilla came into the harbor just before the Oriole, and at this time the sight was a beautiful one. Four of the finest yachts in the Dominion were running free, within short distance of each other, with all sail set, and they presented a sitjht which delighted every yachtsman. The Oriole gained on the Gorilla and .Brunette also, pass- ing down the bay, giviug her owners a great deal of pie sure. The winning buoy was passed in the following order : — lirunette l&t. Oriole 2nd, and Ina third. As the Ina rounded past the winning buoy her crew Lave three hearty cheers for tho vic- torious Brunette, which weie returned with a will by those on board of the latter yacht. "The Brunette,modelled by P. McGieban, of New York, the modeller of the Ina, was of 35 feet keel and 14 feet beam The time consumed in sailing the race was : — HS MIN. SEC. Brunette 4 56 46 Oriole 4 56 48 laa 4 59 20 "It will be seen that whenthetime allowed for the difTereuce in the tonnage of the Or* iole and Ina is calculated, the latter boat wan in reality second. "The second-class prize of $150 for yachts of the second-class was won by the Water Kelpie, of Hamilton. Time, 4h. 5min. I6sec. : Kate, O ikvillo, 2nd, time, 4h 7min. lUsec. ; Waiulcrer, 3id, Toronto, no time tak n. In the third-class race, for a cup and money, value S30, the John A., owned by J. Clen ining. Toronto, was the winner. I ime, 4h. 27inin .33se(:; Spray, ((•> o. SVard' Toronto) 4h .S3nun 28sec. The time of the Snowdrop is not given, so it is to be pre- sumed she came in very much astern ' In the Rowing Club competition the first event was for double-sculled outriggers, the prize oiFcred being one of $50. Two boats started, the Quebec, of Mon- treal, manned by G. C. Tyer and J. B. (iruvi stroke ; and the Lachine, of .Mon- treal, K. D. lioswell aud J. Phillips, strok*. The result was a " walk over" for tb« Quebec, the Lachine becoming disabled very early in the race. In the Fishermen's race, the boats Jenny and Lady Janj contested for the pri/.e of §2.). It was won by the former, the time ueing seventeen minutes thirty seconds, juat one minute and ten seconds lesu than that of the Lady liane. In the double sculled in -rigged race, thrc* boats entered, namely, the Dolly Vardon, the Nona Such and the Dignity. The race was won ly the first boat, fifty seconds ahead of the Non Such. The championship of Cntario, for the belt and $25, was a walk over for Mr. E. D. Loswell in the Blonde. One of the pleasant incidents of the connected with the regatt* wai presentation of a diamond ring by members of the Rowing Club to Mr \V Davidson, for eight years the secretary, at the Queen's Hotel, at an entertainment got up for the purpose. Colonel Shaw, (U. 8. Consul), presided, and Major Arthurs, Q. O. R. , with about fifty other gentlemen, wero present, including the members of the Mon* treul crew and Mr. .'Ohn F. Gibson, of the Quebec Yacht Club. After the toaata of " The Queen, " " The President of the United States," " Our Visitors from Other Clubs," had been given and responded to, Mr A. £. Smith made the presentation, which Mr. Davidson acknowledged iv ap- propriate terms. During this season the Norseman, a new addition to the steamers on the lake, ran from Toronto to Rochester. All the vessels of the through lino to Mon- treal also called there, these vessels, or some of them, also formed a daily line from Hamilton to Toronto. A lamentable accident steamer Kingston in the and she became a total wreck in the of the St. Lawrence. day the the M. occurred to the autumn of 1872, waten 1 ti MXi ^4 ■|« \ if, pVAJ^fPL'ipilll^i'JJlipi ,. !Pf_ upili JfW^M W'tPVW !'■,"» imi^iMi II i..|^^i«i!|piiwn«.| U ii,,iijj|^i A^i^lUipiJl •M LANDMARKS OF TOHOXTO. c LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 013 a. c During the season of 1872 a screw sleumur, wliich has attained great popu- larity, and ileaeivedly so, the Ocean, a voHsel of 350 tons burden, was built at I'ort D.illiousie. Her Icnitth over all was 14) feet, her breadth 27 fo t, with a (loplh ot hold of 11 feet G inches. Her ti.8i route was from Montreal to Chicago, anil she continued there until 1882, her com- manding officer bein^ Captain MuMau^h. >ho then went to Lake (superior to carry rails for the C. P. R., and continued at that worn until 1886, when she was placed upon the route between St. Catharines, Toronto and Montreal. For a short time she re- turned to Lake Superior, but in 1888 again canit' back to Toronto and resumed her oid route. In 1890 siie wm sold to Mr. W. A. Ucddeu, of Toronto, and placed upon the route between Hamilton, Toronto and Mon- treal. Her present capuin (1893) is Hiram Vaughan. John P. Towers previously com- manded iier. Thii vessel was built by An- drews for Sylveat«r Neelon, of (St. Catb« arines. In lock 5, of the Welland Canal, John Simpson, the well known ship-builder, con- structed in 1872, for the Lake and River Stea:nship Company, the well-known freight steamer Lake Michigan. Ab;)Ut the same time were also built the two sister steamers, Lake Ontario aa 1 Lake Erie. They were all of the same or nearly tiie same dimen- sions, nun-.ely, 140x37x12 fuet, and were en- ga;;ed in the general trade of the lakes. The .'.ake Eric was lost near (Jreen Bay, Lake Michigan, in 1882, and the l^ke On- tario was burned in 1890 at Clayton. The Columbia wa:. built in 1872 by Robert- son, of Hamilton, for Butters &Co., of Mon- treal. She traded upon the great lakes. She was of similar dimensions to the Lake Michigan and sister ships and was a very groat success. When Messrs. But ers& Co. ceased busi ness, this vessel reverted to the Merchants' Hank, who sold her to Mr. Fairgrieve, of Haunlton. Captain James Malco.mson was in coinmaad of her for several years. Her e id was a very sad one. She was wrecked, and a great numbei of her crew perished on Lake Mich gan in the year 1884. The season opened in 1873 on April I7th, the Toronto making her first trip to Niagara on tnat date. The steamers belonging to the Royal Mail Line did not begin their trips until tbe early part of May. A new steamer, known as the Etjyptian, built during the autumn and win- ter of the preceding year, was launched and added to their fieet, while the Kingston, which, as has been already related, had been wrecked the previous autumn, had been entirely rebuilt and re- appeared as the Ba- varian. Three of the fre ght boat lines running from Montreal to Toronto and Hainilton amalgamated this season and formed what was known as the Merchants' Ont irio Line. Their fleet consisted of eleven propellers, tiiree of ihem new. 'I'Ue firms forming this line were Messrs. Jacques, the Merchants' and the Western E.\ press Direct freight as well as passenger service between Montreal and the Western States was secured by the lake and river steam- ship line cousisTing of eleven vesseU. 'J'heir route was from Montreal to Chicago direct. On the upper lakes there waa no change in the steamers that ran from CoUingwood. The Waubuno, a vessel previously men- tioned, and which hud i eeu on Lake Huron for some little time, also ran from CoUingwood for the Sault Ste. Marie, Parry Sound and Penetanguishene. She was commanded by Captain Campbell and ran on her o>vn account. THE FKEIiiHT STKAMEKS. From Sarnia, in connection Nvith the G. T. R., the ste mers Manitoba, (%f£erward8 the Carmona), and City of Montreal formed a line from Montreal to Fort (iarry, or, as it was just being called, Winnipeg. The history of the Manitoba be found later on, when she pears us the Carmona. The other vessel the City of treal, was built in Chatham iu and was a vessel of 220 tons burden, ske continued to ply upon Lake Huron until 1876, when at the close of that season she was taken m Toronto. Her route from '77 to '78 was between To- ronto, Kingston and Oswego. In 1879 she ran from Cleveland to Port Stanley, being in these years under the command of the late Captain Thomas Lea.:b. For a very short time in 1878 she had run from Col lingwood to Chicago under Captain Par- sons, but this was a mere interlude in her history. Donald Milloy was concerned with Captain Leach in the management and owner- ship of this vessel. About 1880 she was turned into a steam barge, and very shortly afterwaids was totally wrecke I. Between Toronto and Rochester the Norseman made daily journeys, while the Silver Spray, under Captain James Dick, was on the route from the former city to Port Dalhousie. Captain Mo« aucoeeded Isaac May in the command of the Emily May on Lake Simcoe, will ap- Mon- 1873, -.■/'■'■r ■■»' -f •,■■,'» '^.^'T 944 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. and in the ateamem runnint; from Toronto to tho Jslmnd there were n > chanftes. A very aad accident occurred to the yacht Sphinx at the end of August. As ■he waa returning to Toronto, while off the Humber, a sudden aquali atrurk imd capsized her. Three out of four oi those who were on board of her, all young men, residenta in Toronto, were drowned. Only one escaped. A famoua lake vessel, known as the Persia, was placed on the lakes in 1873. She was built by Simpaon, of St. Catharines, for James Morris, of the same place, and ran from St. Catharines to Montreal on the "up trip," calling at Toronto. Her cemmander waa Captain John H. Scott, one of the most efliuient, and at the same time most popu- lar, captains on the lake. It waa said of the liite Earl Russell that he considered himself capable of driving a four-in hand, * commanding the Channel Heet,' or gov- erning the country at any time. Captain Scott might not be as versatile an indi- vidual as Karl Russell considered him^eif to be, but he could tell a ;,'ood story— pre serve tho best of discipline among his crcM' — do his duty to his employers, and i e cour teous and attentive to his passengers at all times. LAKK KIMCOE STEAMERS. In 1874 the Norseman wa< as usual on the route from Toronto to Rochester. A new steamer, known as the Clj'de, dtp- tain EUie, plied from Torouto to Port Dal- housie, and waa also used occasionally for excursions to other place. On Lake Simcoc the Lady of the Lakes, Captain Moe, supplanted the Emily May. It seems strange that in such a compara- tively short period as forty years thtre should have been such a number of steamers on Lake simcoe. There had been no less than sfiven, namely, the Heaver, Simcoe, Peter Robinson, Morning, J. C. Morrison, Emily May, and last of all the one just men- tioned. No less than seven, where the work was of the very lightest. In connection with the G. T. R at Sarnia from Toronto were the steamers Ontario and Manitoba On tiie Island route, that is, on Toronto bay. plied the Piincess of Wales and the lk)U(iuet, while another ferry steamer, called tho I'erry, " ran wild, ' that is, was at the service of any one who would hire her. The first steamer of the season of 187o arrived in Hamilton April 28. She was the Dromedary, of the Lake and River steamship Line, loaded with flour. In 1875 Powers, of Kingston, built for John Proctor, of Hamilton, the well-known steamer Cuba. She was the largest carrier of her day and had a good trade on the lakes. In 1877 CapUin CrangU and VV. A (•eddea, of Toronto, purchaaed her and em- ployed her as a trader between Toronto and Ogdenaburgii, forming a route in connection with the Northern Railway between Chicago and the New England Statea via Colling- wood. For five years everything wenk "merry aa a marriage bell," until the United States Government by putting what certainly seems to be a forced interpret*- tion upon the Washington 'I'rcaty, put a stop to what haa proved for ttie Cuba's owners a very profitable enterprise. Shs then ran from Chicago to Montvjjl, and continued upon that route until 1892. in 1893 she w^is placed on the route from Hamilton to .Montreal, where she still r«- mains. Her commanding officers have been Captains Crangle and Ewart. Another new vessel appeared on the upper lakes V ith the opening of the navigation in 1873— tho Celtic — built by Archibald Ro- bertson, of Hamilton, in 1874. Her length was one hundrt^d and forty feet, her breadth tiiirty -seven, and her depth twelve feet Her route was on the upper lakes. She was first commanded by Captain Taylor and af- terwards by William Cavors. Whilst en;;aved in carrying freight on Lake Erie ahe came into collision with an American vessel, and waa totally wrecked in May, 1892 The W. Seymour, A. M. Macgre^or, maa- ter, also left Collingwood for the Sault Ste. Marie every Thursday. Tho Waubuno also ran from Collin^wcod, proceeding to Parry Sound and Penetan- guishene. The Silver Spray ran from the same place to Owen Sound and also ii ade a weekly trip to French River. The Grand Trunk Railway's Sarnia line in tliia year consisted of three vessels, the Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec They ran to Fort WiH;arT>. Duluth and Fort Garry. The Windsor and Lake Superior Lin •, Georgo Campbell, Windsor ; Sylvester Neelon, M. P. P., St Catliarincs ; J. C. Graham, St. Catharines, pro- prietors, consisted of the new steamers Asia and Sovereign, forming a weekly line between Windsor and Duluth. The steamers Sovereign and Asia left Wind- sor on alternate Thursdays, at 10 a m., calling at Sarnia and (weather permitting) all Lake Huron ports, for Kruce Mines,Sault Stc. .Marie and north shore porta on Lake Superior, Silver Islet, Prince Arthur's Laud- ing, and Fort William, making close con- nections with the Dawson route, and at Du- luth connecting with the N. P. R. R. and ateamera on Red River for Fort Garry. From Collingwood, what was called the ifp ^^•m^^fm' '^%' LANl)^rARKS;OF TORONTO. air. le on the md VV. A er and em- uronto and couuection •n Chicago a CoUiiift- hing went until tbe ittinK what interpre ta- lly, put a i,tie Cuba'a prise. She ttvjal, and intil 1892. route from le still re- I have been n the upper kvi>(atiou in liibald Ro- Her length her breadth welve feet I. She was lor and af- rs. Whilst on Lake 1 with an lly wrecked I recor, mas- SauU Ste. ollin,2WGod, Peuetan- froiu the also iiade a Sarnia line resdcls, the They ran t tiariy. •erior Lin ■, Sylvester athariues ; incs, pro- steamers a weekly Duluth. left Wind- 10 a in., permitting) ^ines,8ault ts on Lake lur's Laud- close con- and at Du- R. R. and Jarry. called the r ?! I m ei s m ■ c, H,"WT!W/»i J'J" ' .'■•,»' ' "▼» f?W"^F'rT«rr"r7fjii;r7j^^ 9M LANDMARKS 01 TOKONTO. Lake Superior Line, or, the Pioncor Route, consisted ut' the aidu wheel steaniurs Frances Sniiih, Cumburland and Chicora. Uuu uf the s earners of thiH line left CollinKWood every Tuesday and Frittuy for Fort William and interniediaie ports. SKCUNU KOTIIKSAY CASTLK The new Rothesay Castle made her trial trip on May l.'Uh, iior route being from Toronto to Nia ura. She was one hundred and ninety-live tuet long by twenty-four wide, and was licensed to carry seven hundred passengers. A small steamer called the Watertown made daily trips from Toronto to the Hum- ber, while the Island ferry steamers were the same as in previoud years. The Pictun ran on tha Port Dalhousie route throughout the entire season, and t e Norseman to Rochester. lu 1876 some of the lines were enlarged, and some vessels that bad previously been run on the various routes independently amalgamated with other established lines. There was, in fact, a decided move in th« direction, not of diminishing the steamers, but of minimizing the competition. The Empress of India, a steamer built at Mill Point, made her first appearance this season, being chiefly used for e.xcursions from Toronto to various places on the lake. The changes on the upper lakes were Tery slight, excepting such as have juat been re- ferred to The steamers plying to the Island from Toronto were the Princess of \Vales,Bouquet and Watertown, though the latter aleo ran to the Humber. Civic holiday came in To- ronto on Monday, August 14th, and among the amusements provided was one of a decidedly unique character. Perhaps it would be as well to uive the advertise- ment as it appeared at the time announcing the attraction : — " Civic Holiday. Tne most Novel and Pleasant Excursion of the Season, on Mon- day, August 14th. The schooner John Bentley, the largest vessel on Lake On- tario, will inake a grand excursion to Nia gara, under sail, and in tow of the steamer W. T. Robb. Will leave the Canada Southern Dock, foot of York street, at 8.30 a m. Returning, will leave Niagara at 4 p ni., arriving in Toronto about 7 p.m. F >re for the round trip 50 cents. Children half-price. Accommodation will be very complete In the evening a moonlittht ex- cursion. " The Baud of the Toronto Musicians'As- sociation is engaged for tne occasion." History is mute about this excursion, but there were dark rumors afloat in To- ro.tto on the morning of August 15th that some of the excursionists, while they had found their trip decidedly " novel," had grave doubts as to its buin;; " pleasant. ' lint probably these reports came from those who could not get tickets ! liut the owners of the furry steamers Watertown and Bouquet did not mean " the scliooner ilohn Bentley," even if aided by the steamer W. T. Robb, to have all the fun to themselves, for they in an adver- tisement which, though but of forty words, occ.ipibd nearly half a column of the i>aperB of the day, announce on August 14th : — " (jirand Display of Fireworks to-night on the west point of the Is and. Steamers Watertown and Bouquet every half hour from Hamilton's and Canada Southern Wharves to see the Fireworks Be sure and take your ticket by the above steamc s." On Aui^ust 9th an accident happened to the water-works in Hamilton, and the city's supply of water was for a brief period interrupted. A few days later a I'oronto paper cruelly remarks : — " The Hamilton corporation refuse to pay for the lager beer consumed during the break m the water supply on Wednesday." Burlington Bay all around the Hamil- tonians, and yet " not a drop to drink. " On August 10th the Koyal Mail steamers were unable to run the Lachine rapids on account of the amoke from the bush fires Ihis was an occurrenoe all but unprece- dented from such a cause. THE rillLADBLPIIIA REGATTA. Toronto came prominently to the front at the International Regatta held at Phila- delphia in this, the centennial year of the Independence of the United States. Hanlau was the victor in the rowing match against all comers. Ou his return to Toronto the plucky and victorious oarsoian was honored with a public reception. The CoUingwood Line in 1877 was slightly altered, the City of Owen Sound, a new steamer, appearing on the route. The other two vessels were, as in 1876, the Frances Smith and the Cumberland. The Silver Spray and the W. Seymour ran as in the preceding season, and the Southern Belle and Waubuno plied from CoUingwood to Sault Ste. Marie, Parry Sound and Penetanguishene. The North-west Transportation Company consisted of the steamers Asia, Ontario aiid Quebec. The name of the company is suth cient to indicate the route of their ves- sels. The Norseman had a rival on the Roches- ter route this season, as the City of Mon- treal also made bi-weekly trips from Toronto to Rochester and Oswego. The Toronto ferry ateainers were the mmmmmmm mm mift^i^^mrm^' •^^"^^ ||jH""'| im' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 947 ihey liad )vel," Imd pletkaunt.'' from thoM ' sleainers kieftD '* the aided by ,ve all the an adver- irty words, the jmpers 1 4th : — 18 to-night Sleauiera r half hour 1 Southern Be sure and eame b." it happened n, ana ^^^ for a brief lays later a refuse to pay 02 the break lay-" the Hamil- ) drink. " lail steamers le rapids on i bush fires but unprece- to lid lATTA. the front at Phila- year of the Hanlau natch against Toronto the was honored was slightly >und, a new The other the Frances VV. Seymour on, and the plied from Marie, Farry lion Company ^, Ontario aud npanv is suth of their vea- n the Roches- City of Mon- from Toronto ers were tho Princess of ^Vales to the Island ; the Bou(|U«t to the same place ; the Watertown to tho Humber and Mimico. The Empress of India also made constant excursions on the hikes. The following advertisements will show how keen the couip«tition for traffic was at the period referred to. 'Ihey run thus : — "Picnic Parties and Passengers Attention ! The >t earner Princess of Wales will leave Mowat's wharf daily at 10.30 and 11. 30 a.m., until further notice. Pure air. JoUN Walsh, Master, Sec. and Trcas." " Empress of India, M umber, 25c ; Monday and Frid at Bridge and Buffalo for the east, allowing 4 hours in Buffalo, and returning same day. Return tickets at reduced rates to N iagara, Niagara Falls and Buffalo." The Sarnia line was precisely the same as in 1876, there being no alteration of any kind. Early in January, 1878, Mr. Har- bor Master Carr, of Toronto, in his report to the Harbor Commission, says:— "It is to be hoped that the corporation will proceed with the building of the contemplated Trunk or Receiving Sewer along the front of the citv, asa recrptacle for all the pr-sent sewage nuisance running into the different slips and polluting tlia waters of our harbor, also leaving considera- ble deposits of filth, which the Harbor Trust have to dredge out. Should this very im- portant work be carried out, the waters of our hari or will become purified by the cur- rents which arecontinu lusly passing between the western and eastern channels, affording our citizens the opportunity of enjoying healthful recreation on the water of our beautiful bay. ' THE COMPETING COMPANIES. The North-west Transportation Co (Ltd.) consisted this season of five steamers, one of which left Sarnia every Tuesday and. Friday at 10 p. m. and Windsor every Friday at 9 a.m. carrying the Canadian mails, in con neotion with the (Irand Trunk, Great Western and Canada Southern Railways. Tiiesa tirst-class and powerful stea lers left Sarnia at 10 pni., and (Soderich, Kincardine and Southampton the fol- lowing morning for Bruce Mines. St. Joseph's Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Silver Islet, Fort William and Duluth, making close connections with Northern Pa- cific Railway and Kitson's Red River steamers for Fort (iarry. Those vessels were the Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario, Asia and Sovereign. The Collingwood steamers were the City of Winnipeg, City of Owen Sound, and our old friend the Frances Smith ; also the Northern Belle, Northern Queen and Wau- buuo. From Toronto to Ogdensburgh the steaipers Armenia and Cuba ran on alter- nate days. They were chiefly for freight, but carried also a great number of passen- gers. A new steamer, the Oswego Bollo, ran this year from Toronto to Rochester and Oswego. She left Yonge street wharf every Tuesday and Friday at 8 p. m. The Empress of India was this year in the hands of a firm styling themselves, not alto- gether inappropriately either, their vessel being an "Empress,'* the Imperial Naviga- tion Company. They organized excursions to Burlington Beach andJHamilton, Miinico Grove, Whitby, Oshawa and Bowmanvillo, Brant House and to Oakvi'.lo. From Toronto to Victoria Park, the new summer resort on the eastern side of the city, the steamer F. B. Maxwell made daily journeys. This steamer was onl,. launched this season. I he Watertown ran to Mimico : the Transit, St. Jean Baptiste, (this vessel after- wards became the Sadie), Golden City, Ju- liette and Bouquet to the Island opposite to Toronto The Princess of Wales was also still upon the waters of Toronto Bay, and continued there until 18S2L In 1883 she met with an accident and was sunk near the Queen's wharf. She was raised, taken to Oakville and re-built. As tho Generel Wolseley she re-appeared on the upper lakes in 1885, and a little later was burnt at Fire Island. Tho Picton was on her usual route to Port Dalhousie, under Captain McCuaig. In connection with the Grtat Western Railway between Port Stanley and Cleve- land, after 8th May, the fast upper cabin side wheel steamer Saginaw left Port Scan- ley ou Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday of each week, on arrival of the train leaving ,a , ■'- •'■•,iifli',«i^'!;*rj^'P' ■, , .-v r 948 LAN l>M ARKS OF TORONTO. Toronto at 12 u5 p.in ; Hamilton 2 55 p.m , ftod London 6.35 p ni. retched CUveUnd early the following morning, making con- naolions there with traini for PittitbHrg, Dayton, Columbui, Newarli, ('incinnati and other points in the State of Ohio ; return- in^i left Cleveland at 9 p m. on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of each week, ar- riving at Fort Stanley early next morning, and made connection with all points reached by the Great Western Railway system. The great race between Ro:: and Hanlan for the sculling championship took place at Rothesay, N. B., on July .^Ist, Hanlan being the victor. Mr. Sheriff Harding acted as ■tarter, and at three minutes pa^t five o'clock put the warning question to the men, but Rosa being not quite ready it was ft second or so before the word " Go" Mas gircn. Both men, amid the wildest enlhu- oiasm, struck the water simultaneously. It was diflScult for on-lookcrs to tell if any advantatre had been secured by either during the 6rst four strokes. It is, however, generally conceded, on the testimony of those who were favored with a lateral view, that Ross had just a little the advantage at first. This is reasonable, for the stroke which he pulled was considembly faster than Uan- lan's, and was favorable to a tcritic pace for a short distance —much faster than is likely to be made by llanlan's long sweep. The men were wide apart, and hat heightened the difficulty of coming to an accurate opinion upon the start ; but no dilHculty was experi- enced in belting that Hanlan was, while pulling with his utmost ease, drawing slowly but surely away from his opponent When half a mile had b«en traversed bv Ross pull- ing a fiery stroke of 37 and Hanlan a great sweep of 32, the latter had a length s day- If^bt to the good. WithoHt any increase of effort this advantage was at a mile doubled, and to the most i.norant it was clear that, bar accident, Hanlan had already won. Ross was pulling a stroke that must have been wrenching him to pieces, while the little one in blue was gliding along ap parently as easy as if a rolling on the road The pace was, however, tn mcndous, and Ross kept forcing bin self to ihe utmost, while Hanlan contented himself with main- taining Ills advantage. No change that was appreciable took place in the position of the contestants when a mile and a quarter had been traversed. Then, however, a change came over the aspect of atlairs, for as Ross was pullin.' home his stroke, he was seen to go headlong over into the water. Imme- diately there was a great shout of alarm, and (apt. Ross, father of the oarsman, di- rected the tug's head towards Wallace, btruggliug iu the water and supporting him- self by clinging to his upset boat. No delay took place in fishing out the poor lellow who, wrapped in a groat coat, was soon ensconced in a warm engine room. Kvery one felt great Hympathy for the unforiuuute oarsman, those who had been hart on him for his actions before the start being atf genuinely ?orry at his mishap as those who were his warmest sup|)orters throughout. Meantime Hanlan, after seeing that Ross was safe, went over the course, turnin;; the stake boat, it is said, in 17 min. 17 sec, though onother time made it 13 inin. 55 sec, which would be a full minute almost faster than the fastest time on record over dead water. The champion pulled back at his leisure, finishing in 37 niin. (>3 sea, official time, private timing, however, giv- ing him credit for having done the five miles in 36m 589. Thus ended what, look at it in every way we can, was the most disap- pointing and unfortunate race ever rowed, the Renforth race not excepted. On August 2nd Hanlan and his friends left in the ateamer City of Portland for Port- land, Maine. A very large crowd gathered to see the champion off, and lie was loudly cheered as the ateamer left tho wharf. Messrs. Davis and Ward, on behalf of the Hanlan Club, published a card returning thanks to the citizens of St. John for their kind treatment, ete., and in conclusion said : — " Of the gallant Newbrunswicker, Wallace Ross, who has been unfortunate in this contest, tbey feel that they cannot speak too highly. He has proved himself a first-class oarsman, and they hope that his friends will not be slow to appruoiate the splendid eKort he made in their behalf yesterday, whicti produced ^^ hat was un- questionably the grandest aquatic contest that ever took place on any water, in atiy couutry, in any age." On Toronto l>ay, on the evening of August 1st, the final heat for the gold medal, in the Post office regatta, was contested, the entries being Messrs. Newell, Riddell, and Thompson. At the start, however, the I wo latter only contended, and Thompson won the race by over five lengths. VERY KEEN COMPETITION. Competition was very keen on the Niagara line this season, and it is evident the best of feeling did not exist between the owniri of the rival steamers. Witness the follow- ing advertisement dated August 5th : — " Toronto, Niagara and Buffalo Steam- boat Line. The publ c are warned thbt spent cliocks of the steamers City of To- ronto and Rothesay, of this line, collected and issued by the steamer Chiuora, will nut be accepted for passage on either of the ry ffm p^^^i«i| mi*i aiPi vtPPWIpv' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 941 V NotUlay poor ti'llow ^, Every one unfonuuate harde.-t oa J itart bfiiijt iniahap »• t ■upiwrlers Inn thftc Row turning; the nin. n »L'c., J 15 mill 00 ninute almott ^ reconl over pulleil back at mill, '''•i sea, bowfvur, giv- e the tive miles lat, look at »t ho most disap- ce ever rowed, ed. . , ml hU tneuda )rtland for I'ort- crowd (tathered , he was loudly iJiQ wharf. (1, oa behalf ot a card retuniiu(? John for their J in conclusion ({ewbrunswicker, jeen unfortunate .at they cannot proved himaelt they h<>P«^ *''*'' 3W to appreciate le in their behalt vhat wa» un- , aquatic contest ly water, m any itening of August e gold medal, in aa conteattd, the ■^Bll, Riddell. anu however, the '.wo Thompson won Pis. ■ETITION ,enon the Niagara evident the beat tweentbe ownt" itness thefollow- Lugust 5th : — d Bufifalo Steam- Lre warned ihut mers City of To- hia line, collected ' Chicora. will w^ oo either of the •teamera of thia line l'ni«engert goin^ over by the Chicora on Saturday last were furniahed witli aucii by the Chicora, and were consequently deceived, aa these checks were refuted by this line. U. Milloy, Agent." A fine account of this lino is given else- where, but this niatter may properly be re- ferred to among general information respect- ing the traffic on the lakes. ifanlan was not allowed to " re8t on his oara victorious" long. In May lie is again in England, contesting with the famous Kngliah oarainan, Hawdon, the champion- ihip of the Tyiie. The race took place on May 5th, the result l>eing, as one paper put it, that Haulan " won as he liked." There were few alterations either on Lake Ontario or the upper lakes in the Rea- son of 1879 Moat of them were of minor importunce* i'he City of Toronto no longer opposed the Chicora, but ran in oonjunckiou with her, the Rothesay being independently on the samu route, (namely, from Toronto to Miagara,} " a law unto herself." To Lome Park ran the Empress and Ar- menia from Toronto, under the mana<;e ■nent of Mr. McCuaii;. On the Toronto and Ogdensburg line of steamers there waa no alteration whatever excepting that their proprietors say the " accomir.odation waa all that could be desired " and they certainly were very well patro nizef".. The '.iieat Western Railway's steamer 8a)!;iiiaw, from Port Stanley to C levelaud, was replaced by the City of Montreal, there being no other change except in the stea- mer. The Norseman, Oswego I'elle, Picton, Southern Belle and the whole of the Toronto ferry steamers mentioned in the preceding year were on their respective routes. On Lake Simcoe the steamer Lady of the Lakes " her daily stage < f duty ran " as heretofore. On Dominion Day 1879 a grand regatta took place at Lome Park and by special arrangement the Qovernor (.ieneral's medal was secured, and in addition prizes wrre given to the value of three hundred dollars. Ihe following was the programme : — 1st— Single Scull Race — Two miles with a turn ; to be rowed in 18-feet inrigged lap- streak boats. Open to all. Prize, massive •olid silver me.'al. 2n(l— Ladies' Race — Half-mile straight- away ; 10 be rowed in 18-feet inrigyed I p- Btreak boats Open to all. Prize, hand- some gold ring. Hrd -Single Scull Race— Two miles with a turn ; to be rowbd in 18-feet in ringed lap- streak boats. Open to ftmatenrs only. Prize, massive silver medal. 4th— Double Scull Race— Two mile^ with a turn; to be rowed in 2.3-feet inrig^'eii lap- streak boats. Open to all. Prizes, two handsome kulid silver inedaU 3th— Single Scull liace— Three miles with a turn, in beat and best boats. Prize, Ciov srnor-Generai's modal. dth— Tub Race— 100 yards. Prize, solfti silver medal. Hanlaii proved victorious in his encoun cr with the lynesider, and on the date in July of his arrival in Toronto becoming known, it Mas decided to give him a public racep> tion and the follcwini; advertisement appeared in all the Toronto papers in reference to the project : — HANLAN RECEPTION. TUK CHAMPION' BCULI.iCR OK t'AXADA, UNITED STATEM ANU KNOI.A.VI), Will arrive home ON TUESDAY. I UK 15X11 INST.. about Ave o'clock, r< ni. The Chicora hat been chartered to bring Han- Ian home, at an hour which will be deflnltelT' lettlud on Monday murning. Return tickets will be itsued and for sale on Monday at one o'< locL at 91 each, for the benefit of the Home- stead Fund. A iiumbor of steamers hare been chartered to meet the Chii-ora on the Lake. It aviiiii the dociiA ac fool of Yonge. Church and York tireett at three o'clock. The fare has ticen fixed at :2jc for adultt and lat for children. The Opera Company now playing at the Horti- cultural Uaniens will give an en.eriainment, commeiiciiit; at 8 o'clock sharp. An AddivsH will be presented bj I he Mayor about nii.e o'clock, to which the Chtaipion will reply. 'Jhe Champion wi.l also appear with hif; boat, in full racing cottume. Tickets will be sold at AOc— no reserved seat*. Tickets can bo secured at Nordheimcra'.Suck- linga and leadinK hoi els. A. R. BOS WELL. Chairman Reception Committee. R. W. SUTHKHLAND. Hon. Secretary. The steamers Filgate (a new vessel). Maxwell, Empre.ss of India and St. Jean liaptisto were chartered to leave their respective wharves at .'^:30 p.m.. on the 15th to meet the Chicoia with K'iward Hanlan and his party on board. The " Champion " arrived in due course and the reception accorded him was in accordance with tiie programme and as hearty and enthuaiias.ic as the most e.xacting soul or ambitious spirit might desire. The bilgate, just mentioned, was anew, iron, side wheel steamer of two hundred and forty-one tons burthen, built by White of Montreidin 1879- She remaimd in Toronto a short time and is now employed (189.'i) on the River St. Lawrence from .Montreal A steamer known as the Kincardine ran during the early autumnal days of 1879 •^1 m it an LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. tnm Toronto to Lome I'ark. She wm iBtSar the conuiuinil of Capt UlMichard. U. R.H. tlie I'rinceM Luui^o, au ompanied by tb« Marquia of Lorne, vuited Toronto io tb« early part of September. The Toronto Rrjwiiig' (Jhil) had a regatta in honor of the «Tia«, at which the vice-regal party were present ou board the Filgate. The follow iof were the eiitriee : b'int Race— Four-oaied shelle— ■ Ike Peterborough ( rew— A. J. Belcher, •Croke ; O. C. Rogere, 2nd ; N. B Rogirs, JM, W. I'. Shaw, bow. Colors— Scarlet md Black. Lctiiiilor Crew— H. Lamb, itroke ; H HeLare, 2; H. Clark, 3; J. Ma kenzie, boM. Colore— Dark Blue and White. .Argonaut Crew— O. Gait, stroke ; T. P. JSalt, 2;J VV. Hogg. 3; R. McKay, bo v. Celors- Dark and Liftht Blue. Toronto Crew — J. O'Hara, stroke ; VV. O. Beaa, 2; D. \V. Shaw, 3; W. F. D.mipaugh, bow. Colore— Light Bl He and White Second race— Single ikifrc, 17 feet and TUider— £. Hart, Toronto ; H. Ball, Chatham ; R. Carter. Toronto ; W. Gooding, (ioderich ; JL MaKay, Toronto ; G. F. Oakley, Toronto ; Su. T. Clifton, Toronto. Third Race— Double eouUs — B> Mackenzie, P. Ball. Colors— Light Sue and White. H. Best, T. Finnigan. K Blevins, W. Robinson 1. P. Gait, G. Gait. Colors^Dark and Ittght Blue. 5'ourth Race— Single sc<^21e — .B. Roach, J. Phillips, Toronto ; J. Laing, jfToBtreal ; VV. Reordau, Hamilton ; VV. F. 3tej>paugh, Toronto ; R. Lambe, Toronto ; ■SL Jarvis, Hamilton ; G. F. Oakley, To- THE OFFICIAL LIHT. Vtr. J £ Robertson acted as referee, Mr. Sl.Creweas judge at the turn, Mr. J. R. 3hy as starter, and Mr. J. K. Ellis as time- itB»|>er. The club rooms were handsomely uiil ^roiusely decorated for the occasion, imui the hillis,rd table set out with a pro- lUicn of cups, including the four to be con- 'Sa.'Tcd for, all of which were alike. Among ite ciecorations the sereral i idrcsses (o liaulan were prominently displayed. The following accident occurred on Octo- Je« 2hd : — The propeller Dromedary, bound ■Kth, struck a rock at HBmey's Bend at two af- orne parka re- rmour's steam led at Toronto. jlven elsewhere 6m the Church Irne park iwi<=« daily, and Hf^ured prominently as an excur- •ion steamer on th«! sum • ur ovenini/s. The ap[froacliiiij; rauc for the " Cliuin- piouahip " in thu auulliiiK world, between I'rickott, the Australian, uiid lianiun, the Canaiiiiiii, excited at thi8 timu a j^renl dual uf iht«reiit All lultbfl» ho takes olT the bigger he gets," and rru^ geated that when ha measured speed w '.it/ their "six foot sixer," thu little man mighr. look the larger of the two. It is a curiow fact that the Triokett-Hanlan race hate aroused the rowiuu iteiests here front long ftlumber. The v.. ories of Hanlan la«. year took all the lifp out of rowing on Eny lish waters. Here it is the first, alono, tJ\at excites enthu.«i s. i KUiutt, d'?''ualcd, wat j dead dog ; a,... even THE ATrt.Ml'T OF UOYD ELLIOTT to row a big race ovit r U>3t trophy— or w see which should tr\ ior it again — was of little account. The siiadow of iianlan fell aero* their fame, and ovorsh t'.owed them alio getlicr. Ilut now that tha promisa of a ineetiai; between tha two rowine woudiire is held out, the average KnsTixhman it alive with interest over the promised treat Nor will the circle of uninterested onea be small ! It will he as wide aa the poles, literally. And this loads ma agait to refer to the honor Hantan's career has won for hi.s own Dominion of Canada He has advertised it more extensively th«jc Canadians really appreciate, and anyone wb« may have a nose that is inclined to tvxf up, in a kind of scorn, over the "Hanlaa fever" — should just reflect upon the fact that he has been the best advertising: agtMU Canada ever had. Besides, if ever a citizen of Canada, by honest endeavor, de«ci v«i \> ell of his own, this sculler is aertainly ouc of them. Before this reaches your readert the race between I oyd and Hanlan will have been rowed I have already put myself ob record in reference to it, and at this writing am not clear that the course of Hanlan m rowing him so soon ufter hi.« Wash^ngtos races is a wise one. Too long a strain weakens, and to be in constant training for many vceks means a greater drain upon pliysical force than is prudent to chan««. B yd is a great sculler, and, in my humble opinion, Hanlan will have a very large job on hand to defeat him. Still, as a former '1% I. ■ .'^ 1 ■i 'Mil ^"^'W^W'"' '« .,' '.■■''•j.w ij ^m^mm^^ p " "'I'^ijipppPiPipiii? 052 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. tatter gives my views upon this point, I need not tiere repeat them, ^iore anon. TYNKSIDER. CHAPIEK CCL'I lew StemnerH— raptMlUN «n the liXke and •lker« >Vho Were Prominent In the Mhipplns Worlil— Conclndlns KeniHrk!!. latere navigation opened m 1882, very early in llie season, a deputation from To- ronto »vaited on Sir Hector Langevin in Ottawa, on March 25th, for the purpose of drawinr; the Ministers attention to the damage done to tlie Island opposite that city by the ravat^ea of storms which had a short rtme previously taken place. This deputation.consistingof Messrs. Piatt, Hay, (iinley, \Villiam Gooderham and Eras- tus Wiinan, pointed out the peril in which this important section was placed, and natu- rally desired to know what were the Govern- ment's intentions in the matter. Sir Hector informed ihein that the Gov- •rnment had only just reeeivod the report of Captain Eads, the celebrated engineer, but Mat tiie matter should receive most careful •onsideration, as the Ministry were fully alive to the exigencies cf the situation. On March 30th the Toronto Mail has this kkconic, but emphatic, paragraph : — " There will be trouble on this bay if a tug is not soon in commission Vessels were detained two day.s for want of one. Wnat's the mat- ter, Frank ?" On April 6th a new far y steamer was launched in Toronto for the Island service, thus described by the papers of the day : — " J,AUNCH OF A KERRY STEAMER "At half-past four yesterday afternoon Mr. John Clendinning's new Jsland lerry- boat wa« successfully launched from the stocks, foot of Berkeley street. Although the afternoon was cold and disagreeable a number of ladies pu in an appearance to witness the launch. A bottle of wine was placed m the hands of little Georgio West- man, a grandson of Mr. George Williams, the EspUinade eoastable, who, breaking it •ver her bow, christened her " Canada." Mr. George Cleak, the builder, then gave the word to cut the lines, and aw. y she ■lipped broadside on into her futute iiome with a Union Jack flying from each ru ^.der - post, while a cheer went up from the spec- tators present.'' On April 8 h the Island ferties began their Journeys to and from Toronto. The Mail iooularly reniarks : — " The Luella m^Je her lirst journey yesterday, and Captain Turner i« happy." Among the vaiious stcamcts plying on Toronto bay at this time were the Luella, Jean Baptiste and Prowett Beyer, under Mr. Turner's management. Of these the first is in 1893 the property of the Toronto Ferry Company, the second has become the Sa.lie, and belon<;s to the same company. I he third steamer, built in Bulfalo, and called after a citizen residing there, was dis- posed of some years since, and is not now upon the lakes. Another steamer, which was also on the bay until about 18S4, was the tieneva. She iias been sold to the United States. The Queen City, as is told elsewhere, became the Ongiara, and is on the Niagara river. The .\lascotte was pur- chased l)y the Toronto Ferry Company, and the Imperial has gone to the upper lakes. Among the steamers controlled by A. J. Tymon since 1882 have been the Arlington, Jessie McEdwards, Kathleen. Gertrude and Island Queen, all of which w ere purchased by the Toronto Ferry Company, and were described in another place. Besides those there were from 1883 to 1885 running from Toronto to V^ictoria Park the Ontario and Gipsy. 1 he former of these v\ as burnt and the latter is no>v in Kingston. The Mazeppa, built by Melancthon Simpson at Toronto in 1884, after running on the bay and also between Toronto and Lome Park, became one of the .«teamers belonging to the Hamilton Steamboat Company, and now runs on Burlington Bay. The Annie Craig ran for so ne time until 1885 season exoursions from Toronto to the Ilumber THK SKMI-CENTENMAI.. At the semi-centennial celebration of To- ronto's incorporation on June 30th a tableau called " Naming the Harbor ' was exhibited. J'his tableau represented the naming of Toronto harbour, and nneasured thirty-five feet by nine. Half the car was taken up by a sand hank, surmounted by a stockade shown in profile ; tlie whole affair was made of canvas, but naintcd to represent the different objects to be called to mind. The logs w ere pointed, and stood about six feet high. On the sand bank outside the palisades was left a n irrow platform alonu' which, with measured stepj and slow, guards were pacing. Insid ■ the stockade was a small log house, constructed of canvas, and in front of the stockade, one on either side, were a couple of cannon From the sand bank there was a .Icep descent into the other hal' ot the car, which was covered with canvas painted to re- present water. About the centre a boat was let in, as if sunk to the proper depth in water Standing in the boat was an officer holding aloft the Union Jack, and giving to Toronto harliour the name it has ever since so proudly borne. On August 3rd, 1885, one of the most dis astrous fiies that ever occurred in Toronto m.) . LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 953 broke out about on* o'clock in the morn- inii- Practically the whole of the nhipping and boat-hcusea on the Esplanade, from Scott to Princess street, were injured or destroyed, the to al damage being esti- mated at more than $300,000. So fierce and lurid were the flames that in describing the scene a local ne\rspaper of the time says : — " The whole Island Has lighted up so effec- tively by the blaze that the small print of a newspap r could hare been read without difficulty at any point between Hanlan's and the Wiman Baths." Amoui; the vessels injured or totally des- troyed Mere the Mazeppa — afterwards re- built — the Annie (Jraig, Ontario and Theresa, formerly the West. 'ihese last three ^^ ere totally deatruyed. The schooner Annie Mulvey, the yachts Minden, Vero- nica, Sprite and Maple Leaf also fell vic- tims to the flames. The schooners Mary Ann and Madeline were very badly in- jured. Unhappily life was also sacrificed, a night-watchman named Henry Worts being burnt to death. The Southern Belle continued on the rout« from Toronto to Hamilton throughout the season of 1885, and was only finally with- drawn from service on the la es in 1891. Among other steamers was the Garnet, runniug from Toronto to Victoria Par^ ; the Hastings which made excursions to various points on the lakn from Toronto, AS the Rupert also did. The first of these vessels went from Toronto to Kingston, nnd in 1800 disappeared. The second is now runuiug on the river at Quebec. C.\NOE CLDB RAOES. In the eariy summer of 188.3 a sailing race for canoes and skiffs came off in Toronto harbor on May 24th, under the manage- ment of the Toronto Canoe Club. The coarse was around the Island, goinj out at the eastern nap, and returnin:; by the western channel. The start was made off the Royal Can^dian Yacht Club wharf, foot of Lome street The prizes were (l)a$20 aneroid barometer, the gift of Commodore Neil ion : (2) a Waterbury watch ; (3) a eanp hammook ; and (4) a hunting knife. The eanoea were liinited to 14 feet lenj^th by SS ittches Want ; the skiffs w ere allowed 16 feet by 42 inches beam, and must be the property of, and s.ailed by, member!: of some regularly organized boat, yacht, or canoe club. Following are the entries und rcsul •f the race :— Co:ninodore Ncilson's Pearl canoe Boreas (centre-board) 1 Pearl canoe Isabel (centre-board) 2 Mr. Nicho son's Princess canoe (centre- board) , 3 >' -. Morse's skiff Troad (keel) 4 Mr. Norman B. Dick s skiS (centre- board) The race was announced for 11 a.m., and the start was made by 1 1. 10. The Boreaa came out with a new 95-feet racing sail, ud she showed i s power by taking the lead at the start and keeping it all through. The boats started u ith a light i orth west- e<-ly breeze, which died away, and they got pretty well bunched at the eastern gap. A breeze then sprang up from the south- w estward. Mr. Dick's s iff, which had 200 pounds of ballast aboard, was n)aking a good second to the Boreas, when the mast- step was carried away, and she had to retire from the race. The Isabel was third, but some of the gear came loose, and she had to lufi up and lower sail till it was put right, enabling both the Princess and the Troad to pass her. She settled down to work again, and succeeded in overhauling them both and coming in second. Tha Boreas got home a long way ahead, and the others arrived in the order above noted* with not a great deal of space between ttiem, after getting in the doldrums for teveral minutes off the Union Station. Everything went off >\ ell, and the occasion was a rery pleasant one. As Mr. Neilson did not wish to carry off a prize that he himself had offered, he handed the barometer to the Isabel, and too; the second prize instead. The race was also for the T. C. C. Challenge Cup, last held by the Isabel, which passed to th« Boreas. When the boating season opened in 1884 those who attended the spring races of tho Argonamt Rowirj Club on Saturday after- noon, June 21, experienced a most delightful time. The weather was beautiful and the ro.ving was keen and exciting. Tha scene on the balcony was a brilliant one. The ladies were charmingly dressed and a num- ber of the gentlemen were conspicuous by their boating costumes. On every side werj to be seen the pretty bine and white colon of the Argonauts. The raeing was well managed by the veteran preeident, Henry O'Brien, and the captain, Ollie Murphy, assisted by P. D. Ross, A. O. Thompson and James Hegg, the other three members of the senior four. Seven fours tnrned out., and six heata were rowed, The course was a straight half mile to the east, the finish being opposite the club house From the b^eony »o4 roof there was a clear view of the conrMb No time was '/tept. First heat— White, J. Pearson, bow ; t, Scott, 2; A. J. Boyd, 3; J. McLnrea, stroke. Blue— - N. P. Dewar, bow; D. m^. h^^fim^^m^ 3 % ■ 954 immi9^^^W9WW^w^w "■ - ■■ ■ • ' - ':•*-''• ' "^^ ''*"^ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. s o t : I. r I S o < 1 I •m' II ANDllKW IIKRON, A WELL-KNOWN STEAMUOAT MAN. (>[i. 955 mppiPiiP LANDMi^RKS OF TORONTO. 966 Simpson, 2 ; A. B Cameron, 3 ; A. M< rphy, ritroke. The whites won in good style. Second heat — White— R. I'aldwin, bow ; R. \V. Y. Paldwin, 2 : W. R. H. Moffatt, 3 ; A. D. Lanfi'muir, stroke. Blua — J. H. Rogern, bow ; A. H. O'I'rien, 2; \V, Lang- nmu", 3 : L. H. Whittemore, stroke. Blu« was ti.'a lucky color this time. Third Heat — \Vhit«— L. Davidson, bow; E. J. Bristol, 2 : G. Dunstan, 3 ; H. F. Wyatt, stroke. Blue — H. R. Houlton, Ijow ; P. D. Hughes, 2 ; J. S. Bell, 3 ; A. U. Mo Lean, stroke. Again the blues crossed the winning line first. Fourth Heat— White— G. F. Burton, bow; W. L. E. Marsh, 2 ; G. W. Grote, 3; E. Hea- ton. stroke. Blue, winners of first heat Victory once more crowned ihe cerulean colors. The Wi ites fouled McLaren's crew early in the race, but both boats straight- ened out and resumed. Nearing home the bow of the Blues shipped his oar, I ut this mishap was instantly righted, and the boat sped home to rictory. Fifth heat, winners of second heat, winners of third h at. This heat v as well and closely contested, W hitttmore's four only beating MuL un's by a length. Sixth heat, winners of four h heat, win- ners of fifth heat. This was the last and deciding heat of the day and consequently more interest cen- tered in it than in any of the preceding;. Each crew had already rowed over the course twice, and they started for the third time with determination stamped upon their I rows. But Whittemore's four lacked the stayinc: power of McLaren's ard they gave out, McLaren's winning easily, being loudly cheered as they rowed into the club house. TEE STBAMEK ROSEDALE. Among the freight s eamers upon the lakes is the well-known vesRel Rosedale, built in Sunderland, Encland, in 1888, by the Sund' rland Shipbuilding Co., her own- era bein^ Joha H. O. Hagarty, Capt. Saml. Cranirle and that well-known wharfinger, Mr. W. A. (Jeddes, of Toronto. &he was the first vessel to take a cargo througli horn A.ontroal to Chicago without trans-shipment. Her length was 180 feet, her width 36 feet and the very great depth of 24 ft, while her carrying capacity was 43,000 bushels. She was lens;theiied in 1891, an addition of 73 feet being made to her. She is now able to carry no less than 60,000 bushels and is employed in the grain trade between Duluth and Kingston, Capt. James Ewart being her master . In 18S9 the line between Montreal. To- ronto and Chicago consis ed of ttie Cuba alternating with tlio steamers Alma Munro and Acadia. They left the canal wharF, yontreal, every 'Tuesday at 10 a.m , calling en route to Chicago at Kingston, Turunto, Cleveland, and Uetroit. The steamer Ocean, running from N'ontreal to Hamilton, has been fully described in an- other portion of the Marine lli-tory ; through- out the season of 1893 she carried great numbers of excursionists to the W orld's Fair, ( hicago, from the Lower Province to Hamilton, where they completed their journey by tail. Running from Collin. wood, calling at Owen Sound from the Sault Ste. Marie, are in 1893 the steamers Atlantic, Baltic, Pacific and Northern Belle. The latter has been many years on this route The former are all comparatively noM' vessels. Among othnr able men connected with the steamers was Andrew Heron, who was born in a log cabin on Duke street, on St. An- drew's Day, 18('0, His early years were spent in the old town of Niagara, where he heard the roar of the guns the day that Brock fell at Queenston Heights. He fol- lowed the remains of the General to a tomb in the bastion of Fort George. The night the Americans attacked and burned Newark he was roused from his slumbers and had to flee to the woods. At ihe close of the war ot 1812 he returned to his father's residence, near Hogg's Hollow, where he continued to reside for many years. In the rebellion of 1837 he carried a musket as a loyalist, and saw Lount imd Matthews taken in irons to the jail. After the rebellion he became an active business man, and was a pioneer io the steamboat business on the great lakes. He died April 21st, 1888. Among other notabilities who still sur- vive are Captains James I^ick, Thomas Har- bottie and Sinclair. These all commanded steamers more than forty years since, and the latter remains in active service to tke present time (1893). Among the events of 1893 was the arrival in Toronto harbor early in June of the Spa- nish Cararels en route to the World's Fair at CTiieago. These vessels were supposed to re- present, and probably fairly well did so, the ships with which Cliriatopher Columbus dis- covered the new world . They remainevl in Toronto for three days and were visit d by great numbers of visitors. In concluding this portion of the history of the Canadian Marine hearty acknowledgement of the assistance re- ceived by the loan of books, doon- ments, etc,and in the giving of oral informa- tion, is tendered to Mr. R. linuinir, Mr. James Herson, Mr. W. A. Geddes and Mr. F. Armstrong, of Toronto. Also to Vr. A, Milloy, of Montreal, and to .Mr. W. Helii- , I ?jJ 'f??!p?ys3?!r»/ '^^^ ■^ ' •.■'■ >, ;; v..".. 'f.'i'" I \. w^ J».-)B LANDiMARKS OF TOKf)\TO mm 2 < n S ■ IfiV' ^ ^fw^^mm •^';W.'"i'""'--'"''' ", ^"""T"" I ' ".iwijiiiji II I ■w*'ii»^'5Pj'i4. .Myp,^iiiwpp^^ LA\1)M.\Find ProKrew*— It* Vnrlou* Vessels — <|Mlel l«eraIne»H. The Toroni!) Ferry Company was reg a- tered as a joiiiL stoc . company ou February 27th, IS'JO, tlio object in view being tlie conveyance to and from the Toronto Island of its sum-i:er residents and daily visitors. In 1890 the company purchased the ateamers, hitherto on the same route, owned by the Doty Ferry Company, and two years later they also bought up the vessela belong ng to the Island Park Ferry Com- pany. Their present fleet of vessels is twelve iu number. Eleven of these Ijeloag to the company, and the twelfth, the John Hantan, is chartered by them for their ser- vice. Of the steamers belonging to the com- pany none are of great age, the oldest of them having been built as recently us 1876. Tiieir names are the. Jessie L. McKd wards, Ar- lington, Luella, Canadian. Sadie, Kathleen, ('ercrude, Mascotte, Island Queen, May- flower and Primrose. I iie various routes pursued by these ves- sels arc : From Yonge street wharf to Han- Ian s Point and Island Park ; from Brock street wharf to the same places, and also trom tho wharves at Duileiin and George streets. The service is practically con- tmuous from 7 a. m. to 11 p.m. every day throughout the season, which extends from April to October inclusive, and there is a limited service on > undays. The Jessie L. McEdwards is a one deck screw steamer, built in 1876, at St. Cath- arines, by Melanclhon Simpson, of the same place. Her length is 65 feet, and her breadth is nearly 12 feet 6 inches. She has one higli pressure engine of 15 horse power, by Doty, of Toronto ; has a tonnage ot nearly twenty- one and a half tons and is licensed to carry 116 passengers. The Arlington, also a one deck screw steamer, was built at Harwood, in the township of Hamilton, Northumberland County, in 1878, and re-built by George Dickson in 1880. Her dimensions are al- lost the same as those of the Jessie L. McEd- wards, but her engine is ot 25 horse power, and is by William Hamilton, of Peterboro. She is of rather more than 23 tons bur- then, and she is licensed for only 100 pas- sengers. The Lnella is a somewhat larger vessel than the two former, though her engine by Doty is of .only 24 horse power. She is of nearly 38 tons burthen and carries 122 pas- sengers. She is looked upon as the hand- ^^^wpfp LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 9r>n 190-93. iu» V«9*elt was re^; a- u February being tlie tnto island viaitora. based the lUte, owned , and two the vessels "erry Com- i twelve iu >ag to the the John r their ser- the corn- oldest of tly ua 1876. dwards.Ar- , Kathleen, leen, May- ' these ves- larf to Han- trom Brock s, and also \m\ George ically coo- every day Ktends from i there is a a one deck St. Cath- of the aamc her breadth lasone higli r, by Doty, tfly twenly- led to carry leek screw d, in the lumberland by George ions are al- ie L.McEd- orae power, Peterboro. toDB bur- ly 100 paa- rt^er vessel r engine by r. She is -iea 122 paa- the haud- o i:i m ■ f ■ v. |H M • i'.j'i ffl » ' ^ ' ■' K K ^ , "A. '. iH ■ '■■':' \l 1 ;•• 1 '3 i ^1' if i ; ' '*' '1 1S ■ ; : ;jt 1 1 ■'''■^: 1 1 ■■ ;,|.,j; 1 1 '! . ;;j| % : ., ^j:''! ,. . - '&' KB ~ '''V H^K '"fl ' In ffiP ^ u ;: fSu ^H fi ■^Bfl Im . r ,F^jL .HM^^H It: jlflA ill^^l ^Mw •'|-i«^J"^'M' I ip^jP'^T 960 LANDMAI5KS OF TORONTO. ■omett boat on the bay, and is a great favor- ite with the Islund revidentB. The owners of this little vessel may well be proud of her, forshehaau " rcuord " for the numbrrs of people she has sared from drowning. Some yean ago the City Council present' d I'.er captain with a set of noluurs an a pub- lic recognition of her servlccti in that respect. The ( aniidiau, unlike any of the precediii>! voBseltt, is a two-decked, double ende 1 piul- dle steamer. She was built iu 1882 by John Alexander (lindinning, of Toronto. iSiie u 122 feet long and is within a fraction of 19 feet wide. Her one low oresaure engine by Inglis & iiunter, of Toronto, is of \'i\) horse power. Her burthen is 230 tons and she carries 340 passengers. The Sadie, though carrying a greater num- ber of passengers than the last stcamrr, name- ly. 377. ia only 112 feet long, but is just over 35 feet wide. She is a double decked paddle vessel, and was built by James An- drew, of Oakvdle, in 1885. Hor engine, by Doty, of Toronto, is of 50 horse power, and her burthen ia 154 tons. The Kathleen, two-decked screw steamer, built iu 1886 by (>eorge Dickson, of Toronto, ia 84 feet long by 18 feet wide, carries one high pressure engine of 35 horse power by Nagleft; Weed, of BuflFalo, U. S. A. she takes 200 passengers and is ot nearly 110 tons burthen. Ihe Gertrude, similarly constructed tu the last vessel in 1886, by George Clean, at Toronto, ia 75 feet in length with a breadth of beam of 16^ feet. Her engine of horse power ia by John King, of Oswego She is of nearly 76 ions capacity and accommodates 147 people. The MascotteiSingle-decked screw steamer, was liuilt in Toronto in 1886, by William E. Redway She is 70 feet long and very nearly 14 feet in width. Her high pressure engine is of 15 horse power, by the John Doty Engine Company, of Toronto. Her bur- then is very nearly 49 tons and her license is for 128 passengers. The Island Queen, a similar ves el to the Mascotte, was built by Joseph Duval at Porr Dalhousie. She is 73 feet in length and as nearly as possible 14 feet wide. Her engine, precisely the same as that of the Mascotte, is by Beckett & Co. of Hamilton. She accommodates 148 passengers, and is of 23^ tons capacity. The two remaining vessels, namely, the Mayflower and Primrose, are sister ships, and are not only justly prized by their ownerSfbut greatly appreciated by the g neral public, Their appointtnants are as nearly as it is possible for them to be per- fection and every reasonalde convenience is afforded their patrons. Their framework is of steel, their length just exceeds 140 feet and their breadth 28 feet. They are two-decked, double-bowed paddle nteamera, and were built in Toronto in IS'.K) by the Duty Engine Conipa y. They each possess two diagonal direct acting 29 horse power condensing engines i y the same company a» built the steamers. Their tonnage ia 189.40, and they ate permitted to carry 900 excurdiunista. Hoth these steamers are lightetl through- out by electricity, and when loaded with pleasure-seekers at night present a gay and uni(]ue appearance. Tiiey are universally considered tiie finest ferry steamers to be found between Hudson's Bay and the Gulf of A^cxico. One pleasing tiling in connec- tion with them is that almost daily throu.h- out the season hundreds of the inmates of the ciiaritable institutions of the < ity are provided with free excursions upon them by their proprietors The John Hanlan, chartered by the Ferry Coiiipany, ia a screw steamer, built by Abbey, of Port Dalhousie, in 1844, and haa a burthen of but 53 tons She is very popu- lar with the younger generation. The president of the Toronto Ferry Company in 1893 is Mr. E. B. Osier, with Mr. William llendrie, who is well known in the shipping world, as vice- president. Mr. VV. A. Esson is manager, whilst Mr. R. A. Smitli is secretary and treasurer. '1 1 e company's ofBce and Poard roem is at 18 Kin^j; street west, Toronto, There is no better evidence of liow well they do what they undertake to do than the act that no one ever hears anything about them or their atfairs. CHAPTER CCLV. ROYAL CANADIAN YACHT CLUB. lis Ulse anil I'ro'jri'H* muU Hi»tory From 1850 to 1893. The society from which the present Royal Canadian Yacht Club has sprung was at first a boat club founded in 1850. Little, if anything, was done during that season or in the next, but in 1852 tnix society pub- lished its rules and regulations, and changed the name from Boat L lub to that of the To- ronto Yacht Club Prominent among these were* .Messrs. W illiam Armstrong, C.E., John Arnold, Charles Heath, I homas Shorties, .'^. B. Harniau (late City Treanurer); .since de- ceased. Dr. Hodder, Major Magrath, and Capt. Fellows. The first meetings of the original pro- moters of the club were held iu the office of Captain Fello \s, commission mere! (.ali on Pfplfpfll^^^^ mj^rf^mf'^W^mm'wr^mwFW LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. !Kil MUM "JF^ij ixcaeds 140 They are le Ht«ainerp, S*.K) by til* e>iL'l\ posnesB turae puwar no uMinpsuy tonnage ii to carry 900 by th« Ferry ir. built hj 844, and haa is very popu- n. routo Ferry fi. B. Osier, who ii well Id, as vice- is manager, ecretary and oard roem is )nto. Ther« rell they do lan the act about them HT CLUB- li»tory From tresent Royal unt; was at Little, if at season or society pub- and changed at of iho To- original pro the office of nercl (.ali on '■>ii;\!tvf .|i< ,i»ii 'm'9 T 062 LANDMARKS OF TOUONTO. Meliiulii street. There, apatcil on flour barrels, thn clu • scheme was projuuted anil wa< further matured at later conclaves held in a room over John Steel's saloon, which stood iionrly opposite the present Academy of Music on King street. The first liuilding used by the club was owned by Messra. (izowski and Macphcr.soii and sirind wluro the Union Station now stands The first club house proper waii ervcted on a scow and whs moored just west of what was known as Roes' wiiarf. Thin house was occupied ly the clu ' until 1R58 when it was found s I seriously damaged by muskruts and heavy \^eathcr that it had to be abandoned. 'J'he club then purchased the M recking steamer Provincial, \> hich was fitted upas a club hou«e and moored between Tinning's and Rees' wharves, opposite the Union Station, i his was found to be a when a social union was effected with th' Toronto Club, the R.C V.C. still retaining their water club house and their individual ity lis yachtsmen, in 4880, finding that they were I uin^ crowded out of an anchorage for tlieir yachta. the club sold their water pre- mises to the (irand Trunk and having ob- tained a suitable site on the isla d erected their present club house. A city land- ing and boat house were secured at the foot of Lome street and the steam yacht Esper- anza was purchased to convey the members of thn club to and fro In 1889 tli* Royal Cana- dian Yacht Club and the Toronto Yacht Clu < (the latter of which had been in existence since 1880), cfTected an amalgamation. Tne I^orne street landing was disposed of and the new organization retained the club house of theToroi.toclnb as their town headquarters and lauding place. FIB^T CLUB HOUSE. very unsatisfactory reating-place, however, aa the vessel frequently contrived to t;et adrift. "Often," said Mr. William Arm strongifwho has' kindly furnished sketches of these two floating habitations, " was I called up in the middle of the night with the information that she had broken loose, and then I had to go down and put m the rest of the night getting her fast again. This ship was occupied until 1869, when the club acquired a water lot west of R ea' wharf where they erected a commodious club house and substantial wharf, During the autumn of 1873 the club en aged for use during the winter months the premises now known as Club Chambers. In 1874 the property on King street adjoining the old Montreal House was purchased aa a town elnb houae. Heie they remained till 1877 In 1854 the members of this club petition ed Her Majesty the Queen that they might be allowkd to assume the titl« of Royal 'i'o' ronto Yacht Club. At the time this petition was presented it was not only thought to be presumptuous, but was greatly ridiculed by many, and prophesies were freely '- bulged in that Her Majesty would withhold hor consent. It was not ao, though, for early in Auguat the following letter waa received by the aecre- tary of the club : — GovKRNMENT Hoi.'SE, Quebec, An((U't4. 1854. SiK,— I am commanded by the Governor- General to inform rou that His ExcelleDcj has received a despatch from Her Majeaty's Secre- tary of State for the Colonies stating that he has laid before the Queen the petition of Ike membera of the Canadian Yacht Club, prayinr that Her Maicsty would be pleased to permit them to assu.iie the style of " Kojal," and that ^^^^ «Tr"T*' w^ .ii|iiv |« «jf".9u^ujipi^^i|i(|^iifvi^pwini LANDMARKS OF TOUOMO. 00.1 ted with th' ;ill rcUining ir individual ing that tiiay biichorage fir ir water pre- d liaving ob- ila d ervoted V city land- ed at the foot yacht Esper- th« mambert M Royal Cana- to Yacht Clu. 1 in exiatence .niation. The tsed of and the club house of t headquarters «r , AURU 1 4. 185*. the Governor- Kxcelleucy has tIajesty'B Secre- "atatini; that he petition of tke \t Club, prayin* eaeed to permit toyai."and that Her Majofliy was graciously ploaicd to comply with thi!ir (iriijur. I have thohnnor tobn, iSIr, Your inoHt oboiiioni norvant, (dlgnod^ Auo. T. IUmiltom. Mllilarr Sccn-tiiry. John Rttrtck, Ksq., Secretary C.Y.C,, Toronto. C.VV. '1 he next two or three years passed quietly by in the Club's history, notliin);; occurring to disturb the nienil>ors in " the oven tonur of their way." During the season of 1858 what is desuriboil ai " a ({rand yacht race " took placu in To- ronto harbor on Saturday, iTuly lOtli. The competing vessels wero the (}aiiiula, I'rinia Donna, Rivet, Son (iuU and Wave. The last-named started with the others, but re- turned almost at once, strong weather bav- in:; set in. Only one yacht went over tint course, the heavy weather havint; prevontc-d buoys being laid off Mimico Point. Owing to this cause the result was tUsputed. The prize was (i|cup valued a*; £20 currency, or$S'.), twenty-four necinds less than the Wave, whi.^li uiinio in set'ond. Tli«:ro wora other races on the Saturday for yiichts and open boatM. That for the former claH.-* of ves.selM was u^^in won by the ('oral, more than Iwoiity minuccH uheud of all coinpoiitors. The pri/.u was TiioU. In thi) the Flirt won, one iniiiutc! anil nine seconds uliuad of her com- potitors. tlio I'oerlcss, Sa^inuM and Luck- now In 18.")!), DM .Inly n')th, two cups g'xren by the comnioiluro of the club were contnndfii for on u course round a buoy at the far end of Toronto harboi', liipn outside the island, *luoy outride (Mindinning's in tlio lake, anil hunii! to tlie inouriiiKs, mailing i side the buoys at the (jupi n's wliarf. 'I'lui competinn yaclits were tlic I'riina Donna, S Munru ; (he ^N'andercr, C K. Ilomain ; the Canada, S. Sherwood ; and Water Lily, Cuptaih Durie. 1 huse were for the iir^t cup. For E? 'lt\t:l OT fi *.■ 1/ 8 8/ C ■ *L-L; STEAMER I'ROVINCIAL. A Mcond regatta took place at Toronto on Friday and Saturday, October ist and 2ii(l. Two prizes were offered, the first of $240, to be competed for by tirst-class yachts ; the other of $60 for vessels of inferior capacity. There were five entries, for the lirat prize, namely,- the Wanderer, the Coral, an Ameri- can yacht, owned by Mr. J. Oades, of French Creek, New York ; the B. He, of Kincston, the property of 0. L Gilder- sleeve ; the Sea Ciull, of Hamilton ; and the Canada, like the Wanderer, a Toronto ves- sel. For the second rdwje there were five entries also, namely, the Fairy, Fleda, Cygnet, Wave and Prima Donna. The first race was won by the Coral, sh« beating all competitors bv three minutes and seventeen seconds. The se ond was carried off by the Prima Donna, her time being one hour.fifty- four minutes and twenty seconds, that being eight minutes and the second the yachts entered were the f torm Que'.u, Chas Grasett ; Wave, T. J. Robertson ; Saginaw, Messrs. Cambie ; and the Crinoline, J. Boulton The Wandenr and Wave were the winning yachts respec- tively. It is satisfactory to learn that "ab the close the members of the club dined to- gether." It i» to be hoped that the even- ing's amusement bore the morning's reflec- tion. I he club made no very great progress nor did anfrthing very remarK able for tiie next few years They held regattas with more or less regularity and kept themselves to- getlier, tut did not achieve any great popu- , larity or create any intense sensation. In 1860 though the club showed that it was not remarkably active, it was anything but inoriljund. That was the year in which H. U. H , the Prince of W ales, paid hit memorable visit to Canada. Of those who r \i^V m^ 904 LANUMARivS Of TORONTO. m-i welcomed him on that; occasion, th re are noi many remaining. It is mort- than a gen- eration since, and while many have sought " fresh fields and pastures new," yet more have joined the ranks of the great and mute majority. A Toronto writer speaking of this period, very aptly remarks that " When one comes to thini< of it, this was a somewhat momentous period in the world's history. J he Franco- Austrian war had just fire was being kindled ^bich, with the elec- tion of Lincoln in November, burst into a blaze, which nearly consumed the heart of a great people. These were truly stirring times. The Prince arrived in Toronto by the steamer City of Kingston, of the Canadian Naviitation Company's line, now known as I the Richelieu & Ontario Mavigutiou Com- I pany, on September 7th, and was most THE ORIOLB. terminated with the battles of Magenta and Solferino, and (iarilmldi, headiug the Sicilian revolt, had commenced that victorious march which brought about the birtli uf a new nation — Italia Una. The Chinese war •t as at its height, and the combined fleets of France and England lay in the Pehtaue, while the tro(^ roused the m audarins of Fekin, and came baok with an indemnity of 8.(J00,000 taels. In the United States that heartily and enthubiastically welcomed !>> the entire populace. A regatta was urranqed to take place on September 11th, and ii was intended that the Prince should attend it, cominc there from the railway station on his return from Collingwoid, where he had been foi a short visit. He duly arrived and was received in a vast amphitheatre which had in it;? ceutrv LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 965 w ith the elee- ir, burst into a d the heart of truly stirring orouko by the f the Canadian low known as avigution Com- Lud was most Illy welcomed liy Ito take place on Is intended that [nd it, comiiic lion on his return lie had been for las received in a liad in its ceutiv '.hu royal pavilion witii an elevated platform al the buck f(U' tlie more pro.iiiueut of the Piincti's entertainers. I he cotnniudore of the club, Lieutenant t/olunel Durie, the sometime commanding ulficrr of the (Queen's Own Rifles, us soon as tlie Prince was seated presented him with ill: address on behalf of the club, to which 11 R.H. briefly replied. On occasions such as these all royal ad- dresses are uf the same citaracter and the replies made by their recipients are of the bame stereotyped nature, so it is unneces- sary to re-produce either the one or the other. The following is an excerpt from "a oliapter from the log-book of the yacht Oriole' : — "Tliere was, unfortunately, some delay, and in the meantime the ruin canie down, so that the Prince was compelled to seek iiliclter, which, however, he soon abandoned, s.iyiu^', ' 1 must see the start. ' "Wliile ut the end of the wliarf an incident; ucijurred which waj often afterwards recalled; with a laugh A kindly individual bustled' r.p to His Royal Highness, saying, 'Take, my umbrella, sir, at tliu same time presijni-' iiig a shabby but prodigious L'ingham. Xlie i'rincelaushingly declined the oiler, and took shelter on tlie railway piatf'irm. "Th lloet, with wet sails flapping in the strong wind, presenred a verv stirring pic- ture. A heavy sea from the south-west came tumbling through between the then distant island an 1 the mainland, and the larger boats strained and tug;,'ed at their moorings like dogs at the leash, wliile the foam llickcd waves broke over tlieir bows, drenching their ore\s, who in tlieir oilies looked the reverse of amateurs. "What a flood of memories the old names recall ! The old Rivet still serviceable, was then in her youtii an i was sailed by E. and S lilake. The Canada, 2') tons, the largest tliouah not the fastest of the fleet, was then the property of i.'.ilerman 8herwood. The Sea (hill, sailed by J. H. .Maingay. of Ham- illoii, and the Arrow, by Mr. Wallace, of Coliourg, were about the size of the Rivet — 17 tons— while Ccmniodorc Diuie's Water Lily and J. T. Robertson's l)ar. were two or three tons smaller. "Of the second class — 10 tons and under — there were : Prim i Donna, J. Ilamilion, Toronto ; Expert, Mr Delany, Cobourg (llaiice, G. Oliver, Cobour;.', and I'hantom, J. H I'crry, Wliitby. These yachts were all of about 10 tons burthen, while the snialler of three or four tons, sailing in the sai.ic fla.is were Surge, .1. Metcalf, Hamil tun ; Mariner, Mr. Stinson, Hauiilton, and Fairy, T. IJi.by, of Toronto. ' Kl K c. Y. r i.Ai.>rH. 1^ 'v' ' '> jH ■ '■ i. m m '. ■ m^ 1 s 960 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. "The race was to Mimico, and necessi- tated a long beat against a iieavy sea. Only a few manage! to ^et over the course, and all suffered more or less. Canada ran agroun I ; Water Lily and Dart lost bob and forestays, and Prima Donna Cc.rried away her psak halyard, so of the first class only two went over the course, Rivet being about 15 minutes ahead of Arrow. Gl ace won in the secoD'' class." I'he I'rince, owing to his many engage- ments, was able to do no more than witness the start. At a meeting held on March 4th, 1861, in the club house, which was in the hull of the steamer Provincial, moored to the Esplan- ade, opposite where the Union Station now stands, Mr. Secretary Armstrong read a letter from Mr. William Cuoper, yachting editor of Bell's Life, better known under the nom de plume of " Vinderdecken,'" who had previously been in correspondence with the club, as to the propriety of asking the Prince of Wales to give a cup in com- memoration of his visit to Toronto 'i he matter was taken up and a coiiimittee appointed to petition his Royal Highness, and this whs in due form sent through the authorized channel. About six months afterwards a reply was received from (ien. Bruce — who was related to the Earl of Elgin, and much intei ested in Canada — to the effect that the Prince had pleasure in complying with the request, and a cup would, in due time.be forwarded. This was, of course, a sourceof much jubilation, and though the valuable present was not receiv- ed until 1863, provision was at once made for its free entry through the customs, and rules were made as to its custody. In re- cognition of the valuable services of "Van- derdecken" he was elected an honorary mem- ber of the club. The Daily yewa, of London, England, pub- lished August 17^'h, 1861, thus speaks of the Prince of Wales' Cup, presented to the club :—*' The challenge .cup presented by His Rcyal Highness the Prince of Wales to this club is about one of the handsomest things of the kind thit has yet been made. It consists of a vase in frosted silver, partly burnished, and will be competed for in Sep tember next. I wo principal medallions in low relief illustrate an incident in the life of Columbus, in which the great discoverer quells his mutinous oailors, and the cession of a tract of land (afterwards called Pennsylvania) to Wil iam Penn, Two tiraceful female figures form the handles; the cover of the cup is surmounted by a 6gurr of Britannia. The base is of ebony bearing two shields engraved witii the badge of the Prince and the inscription. The manufacturers are Messrs Hunt and Roskell, of l.i6 New Bond street, silver- smiths to the Queen and royal family." The first race in 1861 was spoken of by the Toronto papers of the time as not being a very spirited affair, in consequence of the very light wind that prevailed duriue the day. Seven yachts started from wiiere they were moored opposite the Club House. Eight had been entered, but one, the i'han- torn, of Whitby, failed to put in !>n appear- ance. These were the names of the compet- ing yachts : The Wide Awake, Dart, Rivet, Irene, Arrow, Cygnet and Water Lily. The race was won by the Wide AwaUc, a small boat of four tons burthen, built on the Genesee river and owned by Mr. J. Elliott of Cobourg The following concise description of the day's proceedines from the Toronto Weekly Leader of St-ptember 13th, 1861, leaves one under the impression that on this occasion at any rate '° the place to spend a happy day " was not in Toronto witnessing the R, C. y. C. regatta. "There was nothing worthy of notice m the sailing of the yachts ; the wind gave no opportunity for displaying those nice points of seamanship connected with a well-contested race, and the whole affair passed off very tamely." In 1862 the race took place on September 8th from Toronto for the Prince of V\ ales' cup. It had been arranged previously that the course should extend from Tor< nto to Port Dalhousie and back, a total distance of about seventy miles, thus affording a good opportunity of developing the sailing powers of the crafts entered. These were seven, namely, the Gorilla, the property of Mr. Standloy, of Cobourg ; Rivet, Captain Elmsley, Toronto ; Breeze, Dr. Hodier, Tor- onto ; G.ance, Mr. G. Hav ke, Toronto ; Wide Awake, Mr. Elliott, Cobourg, and the Arrow, Mr. Wa lace, Cobourg The cup was won by the Gorilla, her time being 6 hours, 46 minutes 25 seconds. The Rivet fi'Uowed her in thirty minutes, and the Breeze, though third, was more than two hours behind. This was the second year u Cobourg yacht had carried off this cup, the \\ ide Awake, of the same place, having secured the trophy in 1861. In the years 63 and '64 Mr. B. Standley 8 yacht, the Gorilla, proved the winner ; in 1865 there was no race, and in 1866 and '67 Mr. E. Beakes' Ripper was the conquering vessel. In 1868 the Gerakline, E. M. Kodder,wai successfu', and in 1869 the Mosquito, ov.iad by Mr. E. M. Copeland. came in winner. Since 1854 the club had steadily increased in the number of its members and its ves sels, aud in 1869 and 1870 bu It a large and rs Hunt and tieet, ailver- iamily." pokAD of by as not boins; [uence of the uriugtheday. I witere they Club House, lie, the I'han- in liH appear- of the compet , Dart, Rivet, ,ier Lily. Wide AwaUo. Duithen, built d owned by »boar flicers lie jjoes on to say, "I was informed that the (Jonunodore wanted to sell his yacht, und the only officer owning a yacht besides him w;i8 Ciiptaiii <^jitTord of Cobourg." After a few mure caustic criticisms on the club iind all coni).!(!ted tiierewitii ho brings his letter loan end thus, ''The present officers had belter resij,'ii and give way for better men. • * • The Royal Canadian Yacht Club is a disgrace and a shame to the name of yacht club. This is hard language I i-now but I only speak the truth and it is high time it was spoken." This hard hitting epistle was published in the Toronto Globe July 1, 1872. Since 1 73 the lace has been won by Mr. \V. C. Campbell's Oriole twice, by Mr. J. Leys' yacht of the same name three i imes. Between the victories though of the former and the latter Oriole, in 1876 Mr. G. U. VVyatt with his yacht Brunette carried off the prize. In 1880 Mr. A. R. Boswell was successful with the Madcap ; it must be confessed it is hard to connect .Mr. I'oswell with any "madcap" enterprise, though in this case it was so, and "facts are stubborn things.'' In I8SI tiiere was no race, and in 1882 Mr. McGaw with his lovely little craft the Cygnet came in t^ inner. Then for the next ten year^ came the re- markable series of Gooderham victories, Mr. VV. G. Gooderhum with the Aileen winnmg the race for three successive years. 'i hen from 1886 until 1890, both years in- clusive Mr. G. Gooderham with the Oriole— tha yacht in which all '1 orontouians take an interest — was the victor. In 1891 the Vreda, Mr. A. R. Boswell's new yacht, won the cup only to have it wrested from her in the year 1892 ll to wear tuo Blue Ensign of Her Majesty's fleet with a Crown in the fly. We do by virtue of the power and authority vested in us hereby warrant and auihuri/.e the Blue Ensign ot Her Majesty's fleet, with a Crown tn the fly, to be worn on board the re- spective vessels belonging to i he Uoyal Cana- dian Yacht Club accordingly. Given undcrour hands and the seal of the office of Admiralty, this tenth day of July. 1878. (S;gned) A. W. A. HOOD. GILFORD. By command of their Lordships, (Signed) THOS. WOLLEY. The club toolc possession of their new premises on the Island, opposite Toronto, immediately after the annual meeting on May 14th, 1881 Great satisfaci ion was ex- pressed by the members at the accom- modation provided and at the tiiorough manner in whicli the worit had been carried out. CHAPTER CCLVI CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMERS. Tke Cvllliigwood and Lake {Superior Hue— Its Inimediate muccesior. The steamers City of U innipeff, City of Owen Sound nnd Frances Smith, have been often mentioned and their route described, as have also the Algoma and the Manitoba. These various steamers formed the line that carried passengers from the provinces of Quebec and Ontario to the interior of the north w^st district via Collingwood. On the completion of the Canadian I'acific railway, that company formed a line of their own consisting of the steamers Algoma, Alberta and Athabasca. The Manitoba had her name changed to the C armona, and, at is properly detailed in its place, now runs on the route from Toronto to Rochester. The vessels City of Winnipes;, Owen Sound and Frances Smith ar > now no longer afloat. Of the Algoma it is unnecessary to say anything. She was first of all c lied the City •f Toronto, forming one of the R M. line from Toronto to Kingston. She afterwards became the Racine and finally the Algoma The Alberta and Athabasca are both screw propelled steel vessels built for the C. P. R. in 1883, by Aiiten & Co., of Ol sgow; each of them is ot 1,440 tons Imrthen. Thay are lignted by electricity and tiave all the mo»t recent improvements They begun their regular worlk for the C.P.R in 1884 In the middle of November, 1885, the Algoma was wrecked in a fearful storm which swept over Lake Superior, and many lives were lost. The following account was published at the time of the wreck : "On the night of the disaster the wind, which on board the vetael seemed only a fairly strong breeze, was actually a moder- ate gale, and was forcing the vessel along at tlte rate of sixteen instead of fourteen miles an hour. When, as Capt. Moore and his officers supposed, t ey were some fifteen miles from Isle Royale, Capt. Moor* decided to turn his vessel and get out into the open lake. The blinding snowatorm then raging prevented them fmm seeing how near they were to the fatal spot. The orders were being obeyed and the vesacl had nearly come round when suddenly THK STGRN STRUCK ON A ROOK, the steering apparatus was smashed, ana the Algoma was helpless and at the mercy v". tiie wind and waves within sixty feet of land. Nothine tliat human ingenuity could devise could then avail to save the vessel, and the captain and oHicers, who wer* all on duty, applied themselves to save tiie lives of passengers and crew. No boat could live in that sea, and all attempts to get out a life- line were useless. The sea washed over the vessel, and, in fact, soon smashed the small boats to pieces as if they had been eggshells. All this time the Al>!oma was pounding on the rocks with all the force of a heavy sea, now raising her hull out of the water and then forcing her down as with a steam ham- mer blow of hundreds of tons' force. In the me mtime the passengers had been ordered to gather in the bow of the vessel, and.wlien the position of things changed, were brought aft, but not without having their numbers much diminished. All who obeyed the cap- tain's orders were saved. A life line was strung along from the main rigging to the stern, and loch officers and men did all in their power to save the lives of tho passengers. Thii is proved beyond the pos! Ih 972 LANDMARKS 01 TOnONTO. Royale, whore those who were saved from ihe wreck took shelter, had their deep seu nets washed ashore durinc; that night, an occurrence uuprcceaented in the knowledge or memory of the oldest amon^; them." The Campana, a propeller of 1,287 tons, built iu Ulasj;ow in 187:i, took the place of the Algoma for sonic time, being chartered by the C. P. R. in 1889, though the Poison Company built at Owen Sound a yet larger steamer for theC. P. K. than either of the two just described. She was known as the Manitoba, being the second steamer of that name. 8he w&i of steel throughout, of 1,U'20 tons capacity, fitted with electric lights and the latest improved steam engines, and was valued as a quarter million of dollars. The C. P. R. has also a steamer at King- ston nou, known as the Orion, formerly as the Isa^ic May. She was l^uilt in 1872 bv Andrews, of Wetland, and re-i)uilt in 1891, wlinn her name was changed from Isa^c May to the one she now bears. She is a pro- peller of 490 tons burthen. i he ('. P. R has at Montreal a small tug propeller of 50 tons, known as the Siskrivet. During the last North-west rebellion the Allierta ad Athabasca were employed by the Dominion Government on transports for the conveyance of the militia to and from the disturbed districts. As the 8«ainers of the C. P. R. ai ? the largest ve ^eis ailoat on the Canadian lakes, so is it claimed for them tliat they are also the best appointed. They are at any rate largely patronized by the general public. CHAPTER CCLYII. THE ROCHESTER ROUTE- 1889-'93- The Steniu»lii|) t'arniona — llor Previous History— 4ppru|»riately .\aiiieHHels— Well Known nii«l Rc»pecled Oflicials. The history of the earlier steamers plyinc on the Ottawa river between Montreal and what is now the capital of the Dominion is very obscure, and it has been found all but impossible to ascertain their names and owners with any degree of accuracy. In other portions of the history of the Canadian Marine, reference has occasionally been made to steamers known to have run to Otta^* a from Kingston and other ports, though until about 1850 the traffic was most inconsiderable. In 1856 the Ottawa River Mail Steamers ran from Montreal to Ottawa City (B^to'^n) daily, Sundays excepted. They were the Lady Simpson (Capt. H, W. Shepherd), fr'-'n Lachine to Carillon, and the Plirpiiix, from (^renviile to Ottawa City. They went through I y daylight. This was spoken of as the cheapest, be.sl and most convenient route. I'lirties loiu'in,' Montreal by tlie 7 a.m. train (for Lachine), from the depot in Honaventure street. reached Ottawa City the same evening. I lie steamers stopped to deliver mrdls at all th*^ principal places along the ri>' r, including Point Aux Anglais, for the accommodation of the inhabitants of the County of T»o Mounted II 8 ii ' throughout, the attrnctions ciated by the s will probably la is a town in .andwasevcnsn mans, noted for I the excellence e place of resi- i Carmona was, by Its patrons ne name on the LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 973 Return tickets were issued to tourists and pleasure parties on a liberal scale. Freight for this lino had to be delivered at the Bonaventure street depot by 6 p.m., to ensure its regular despatch the following day. The steamers comprising! the Ottawa River Navigation Company's fleet in ISOH are the Empress, Sovereign, Maude, Prince of Wales and Princess. The tirst two are passenger vessels, the others are what are called mark t boats and THE STEAM In 1864 the present Ottaw.i River Navi- gation Company was incorporated and since then there has been throus;hout the summer months a service between Montreal and Ottawa which the most exacting person could do nothing but praise. i^revious to 1864 the following steamers formed the linc, namely, the Queen Victoria, Prince of Wales, Plicenix, Atlas and Lady Simpson Of these vessels the Prince of \Y ales is still upon the river. ER KM PRESS. are largely patronized by farmers, country dealers, lumbermen and others residing on the route between the two cities, who send what they produce down the river to Montreal, and on the return journey bring with them or have sent to their homes goods which thev require but could not produce. A modern \t riter, speaking of the 3cene presen^ed on the Montreal wharf when these boats are unloadint;, says : " On certain days of the week \\ hen market ia THE STEAMER SCVEBEIUN. In the summer there is no more favorite tour for residents m the Lower and Mari- time I'rovinces than that from Quebec to Ottawa by the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers A party of tourists can leave the iormer city at five o'clock in the evening of one day and reach the latter at six o'clock in the evening of llie next, accomplishing the whole journey, with the exception of u very siiort instance between Montreal and Lachine by water. held in Montreal, it is a'l interesting sight to see these boats unloading at their wliarves, the variety of stock and the gathering of all sorts and descriptions of people making up a lively scene." The Empress, C'aptain A. Bowie, is an iron side wheel vessel ot 410 ions. S e was built at Montreal in I87r> and was formerly known as tne Peerless. She vas rebuilt in 1886 and besides being able to accommodate near- ly eight hundred passengers is considered one of the fastest rive:' steaniuis afloat. ■^ i;-U '■:!!? •r 1 6 ,1 ^Iljllfpllpvil 1 1 HI mm ■VTI l*«" "»jn" 974 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. The Sovereign.Captain William Shepherd, ii also a siuo wheel steamer, constructed of ■teel throughout, and is of three hundred and tliree tons burthen. She was built by White, of Montreal, in 1S89, on the model of the boats which ply on the Hudson river between New York and Albany She can accommodate rather more than seven hun- dred passengers, her state rooms, saloon and dining rooms being furnished most com- fortably, and finished in natural woods. Her commanding! otficer is Captain Shep- herd, who is at once the oldest and most experienced captain naviga'ing the Ottawa river. He has been in command of steamers thereon for upwards of forty years. His first vessel was the Lady Simpson, which he commanded for many years with credit to himself and his employers, besides being most popular with the passeng rs car- ried. The Lady Simpson was succeedt d by the Prince of Wales in 1860, and she by the Sovereign in 1889. A correspon ent, referring; to Cap- tain Shepherd's services, thus pleasantly ■peaks of him : — " During the period of nearly half a century in which Capt. Shepherd has had cominaiid of these vessels, their reputation as favorite steamers, well and successfully navigated, has been fully maintained." The Prince of Wales « as built by Cantin, of Montreal, early in 1860, is of 3,044 tons burthen, and I as since she was tirst put upon the river been in constant use. The Princess, of nearly the same tonnage as the former steamer, was built at Carillon in 187*2, and has ren- dered her owners moat efficient service. The Maude was built by Cantin, of Mon- treal, in 1869, has a capacity of one liun- dred and seventy-two tons, and is in use by the company as a tug. The officers of the Ottawa River Naviga- tion Company are as follows : — Presi eut, llr. R. W. Shepherd ; vice-president, Mr. J. Gibb ; wretaryand manager, Mr. R. W. Shepherd, j mior. All these gentlemen are thorou;:hiy conversant with all the details appertaining to their business. CHAPTER CCLIX. THE R- & O. COMPANY. The Famous Lake ('ompany— Souie Xotable Steamers — A Favorite Koule — 1857 - 75. 1H7.1 9i A separate ciiapter has already been d^- ▼oted to the history of tiie Royal A^ail Line., which as a mail line, ceased to exist about 1857, and its story has b en fully told else- ! where. It was succeed d by the Canadian Navigation Company and the latter still continued to designate their vessels as "Royal Mail Steamers," at I ast that was the term applied to those plying between Hamilton, Toronto and Montreal. In 1875 a great change was effected thou.;li, for the Canadian Navigation Com- pany in that year amalgamated with the Richelieu Navigation Company, of .Vontrral, and under the style of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Comp ny have con- tinued their business ever since. '1 his is one of the largest lines of inland passenger and freight steamers combined that is to be found either in Canada ur the United States, the " R. and 0. '' boing almost as much of a household word ou this side of the Atlantic OS the "P. andO." i> on the ether. The steamers belonging to tho Canadian company when its amalgamation took place with the Richelieu, were as follows : — '1 he Passport, Magnet, KingstoK, Champion, Grecian, Spartan, Corsican atd Bo hemian. All of these vessels have been spoken of previously, and after e giiteen years have elapsed, four of them are still upon their o d route, and likely to continue there yet for many years. When the " Richelieu " company ab- forVed the " Canadian " company. Sir Hugh Allan, of the famous line of ocean steamships, was its chairman, so it is almost needless to say it had been most efficiently managed. It had many routes, each of which will be described later. The entire number of different routes the company now covers is as follows : To- ronto and Montreal, and between the latter cicy and Quebec. From Montreal to Saguenay forms un- otlier route in connection with the steamers plying from Quebec to Saguenuy Then there are the ferrys from Montreal to Longueuil and St. Helen's Island and from Hochelaga to Boucherville. Besides these there are the various market boats, of whicli the names and routes will be given in due course. The principal route is of course that between Toronto and Montreal, and it is but fitting that the first to be described should be THB MONTREAL ROUTE. Ihe vessels upon this course in 1875 have already been mentioned. Of those then in ex- istence the Kingston was wrecked, was sub- sequeutly ; rebuilt and called the Algerian and is on the route now. The Champion was a wooden vessel, became unseaworthy about 1880 and w.s broken up. The Grecian was wrecked in 1870, on Split Rook, above the Cascade Rapids in the St. Lau rence. She had on O." U on the ^W. ^^ I iuiiii|iPm^^^ipp .p.r thtee vessels on the Montreal route are the Corsican, Spartan and Al- gerian. The firat of tliese was built in 1870 Magnet »r« the oldest ; they have been in constant service since 1847i aud all particu- lars eoncerniug them havs been given else- THE STEAMER PASSPORT. in Gilbert's shipyard at Mon'rsal, is of 478 tons burthen, had new boilers put in in 1891 and her engines "compounded " in 1892. THE STKAMKR MAGNET. where. Jn 1893 the former steamer was under the command of Captain A. J. Craipr, and the latter under that of Captain Z. La- The Spartan is a much older vessel than the one just named. She was built by the same tirm in 1864, and at the same place. \ ' if'i- tfcl S ■Vi : ; 81 IJ- M« I r—rn LAND.M.MtKS OF TOHUNTO. 977 (I She hilt a capacity of only twenty two toiiH leva tiiao the Coriican, and lier enKincii were likewiM " compounded ' a year euiliur than the Cortican'a. The Algerian, the Kingf^ton'ft succenaor, hu9 iilready been de.scrib«* I. She ii of tlie ■aiUL- tonnage as the Spartan. the Montieal and Quehcr, and iire command ed by Captains L. If Koy and ]rt NeUou. 'I hey are "furuiiihed with ;ill ttie lataatmodernimprovoinents, are unsurpassed for speed, comfiMt ard safely, ' and form tiu only dir«'o daily water rout Li-lweeo Mon- treal and (Jnebec. ,-■1 '/.■;"'•'-•'" ■■ THE STEAM KR Sl'ARTAK. These steamers all connect with the Hamilton Steamboat Company's vessels and those also of the Niai^ara line. On tho downward journey to Montreal tlie following ports are called at, namely, Darlinj;ton, Port Hope, Cobourg. Kincston, Clayton, Round lalund. Thousand Isla d Park, Alexandria iSay, lirockville, Prescoit, Cornwall and Cotcau Landing. There is a Captain Roy's steamer is tho smallest of the two, but she is nevotholess u nia^nitlcnt vessel. She wa» built in ISliO, as so many more steamers liave been, by Uilbeit, of Montreal, is of five hundred and nineteen tons capjicity and can comfortably acoomniu- date nearly two hundred uabiii passengers. ^ he had new boilers in 1S91 and is lighted ihroughout by electricity. She is a side- ^U - ,. ^-i-i.—. I THE STEAMER MONTPKAIi. slight variation in the upward journey as the steamers call at the ports on the Bay of Quinte. 'he next route in importance to that just deao.'ihed is thatjof the Lower St. Lawrence, or the QUEBEC ROUTE. Two steamers ply daily on the river be- tween Montreal and Quebec beloncring to R. and 0. They are most appropriately naioed wheel iron steamer with compound en- gines. The Quebec is not quite so old a steamer as ihe Montreal, having only been launched in 1865. She was built by l.,e Mas at Sorel, and is an iron side-wheel vessel of seven hundred and fifty tons capaeity, and is valued by her ownt-rs at no leas tl an $Sr),()0O. She can accommodate nearly tliree hundred passengers, and is a most popular U ifP^pHQMa 978 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. vessel. She had a new deck in 1877, and w.is eatirely overl.iiuled and extensively re- pai cd in 1891. THE SAGTESAY ROUTE. « The steamers plying on this route are the ^V.rolinaand Canada, between Montreal and the Saguenay River, and the steamer SftKuenay, between Quebec and the river. travel that have been described is the daily I line througl)out the siimraor season from Kingston known as tlie KINGSTON AND MONTREAL LINE. This in 189.') consisted of the atcamera Columbian and I'oheinian, which were titted out expressly for this service. They left Kingston daily, calling at all intermediate )-^ «*■■ ■ : r" ■?s;.*».!i-— 'T ii.' _ "' -....■ ~ " ' ' i"? The two former vessels are under the com- mand ol Captains Bernier and Btirruf respec- tively. The Canada was built at Sorel in 1S7>^ by White, is of five hundred and seventy tons and IS an iron side-wheel steamer. 1 he Saguenay was built by Rrunet of Quebec, iu 1868, was formerly known as the Union, is a side-wheel steamer, ^4ith a THE STEA.MER QUI-.UEa ports between there and Montreal, and con- nected at that port with either the steamers for Quebec or the Kiver Saguenay. Speak- ing of the journey by water from Hamilton at the head of Lake Ontario to thn River Saguenay, it has been fitly de.4!^ik. The vessel itself is a side wheel steamer of five hundreil and twenty- tive tons burthen, built by Wliito. of S. rei, iu 1870, aud tliough now, at the close of the season of 1893, in her twenty fourth year of service, may, through the fact that she is au iron vessel, be expected to last for many years longer. ^!^v^;> THK STEAMKR CANADA. ontreal, and con- her the steamers .guenay. Speak- r from' Hauiillon Ontario to th« jn fitly described of inland water inent, and which scenery cannot gvJ ^^ iJ d, in the whole . many years »'.;o ut was entirely re- ide-wiiei'l stoam«i- lity tons, and i» plain A. J. iiakor. These steamrrs are only employed in bhe height of the season. 'I here is yet one other branch of R. ft O. 'a businesa of which no- thing haa been said, that is their l^AMODS MARKKT BOATS. These are the Trois Rivieres, Captain St. Louis ; Cha.mbly, Captain Franche Mon- tague ; Berthier, Captain Boubher ; Terre- bonne, Caotain Laforce ; and the L' prairie, Captain CourcoUes. 1 he Str. Chambly's route ia from Mon- treal to Chambly through the Rieheliea river. She is an iron aide wheel steamer, built by \Vhite, of Sorel, in 1871, and has a capacity of two hundred tons. The l!erthier runs between Montreal and Three Rivers, calling at intermediate porta. She is also an iron aide wheel vessel, ami was built by the same fiim and at the same place a.s the Chambly, iu 1870. She has a THE STKAMKR 9AGUENAY. The first of th^se steamer ■■■ has been chiefly employed throughout ber career in carrying dcYoiees on pilfrrimugca to St. Aane de Beaupre, some diatauce lower down the riTor from Quebec capacity of four hundred and twenty-four tcna. The fourth .itoamer of this group, the I erro bouue, runs from Montreal to Tcrre- boupe, Boucherville and all intermediate l-V^i ■TT-WTW?!" 980 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ports. She is an irsn veaael of only one hundred and ninety tons, »nJ built by the same firm as the three steamers already named. the steamers belonging to the R. & O. sh« is a side- wheel vessel. In addition to the vessels that have been described there are the various THE STEAMKR OOLDMBIAIT. The Laprairie runs from Montreal to La- prairi*. This vessel was built by (Jantin, MONTREAL FERRTS. To Longueuil and Hochelaga there plys the THE STEAMER BOHKIIAN. of ?.'ontreaI, in 1867, and she haa now a I Longueuil, of fonr hundrsd and ten tons, cap> oity of four liuiuhed and forty-three | built by Lamont, of Montreal, in 1884, aud V- " x_ THE TEAMER TROIS RIVIF.UES. tons, she havinjj been lengthened and re- j cominiinded by Captain Jodvin. built iu 1.S93. Like the great majoiity ofj To Longueuil only runs the Island Queen, he R. & O. »h» I that have b«en ioua .ftTS. aga there plys tha i and ten toni, treat, in 1884, and / \^ ■ x. odvin. i the Island Queen, ! I" ' i ■'. r * ssm^^BOumAJm »-i - ► •rlwjafc. I I ill (- Al.i;\AM>!:il Mll.l.dV. Mr. Milloy wii"* 'tcfii in Kiulyi'o, Afjivlesliiic. ci^ilit voars later -in IS.SO. At tlio ii','i' of IS vci Scotland, ill IS'22. and came to Caiiaila ir.«, on Maicli ITtii, iS40, Mr. MilldV cTitfred the .Mont real otiice of the Koyal .Mail Lino of KteaiiuTs and iias continued his t;ini iieet ion with the coiniiany in all its chanj^es (see pp. !(lt|, !)7-l, iKSl i since. He is now (Deieinlier 1S!».")) tiie traiiie iiiaiiaj,'er of the K. & (). N. Co., which eoiii|)aiiy is the iiiu'iil successor of t lie I!. .M. L. Seep. !IS|. ' op. (ISI ^'-. MPP LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Ml ana caiuc to VMwh , IS-K., Mr. Mill") as oontiiuica his o.m lie is now , \\w liiH''»l I since. )nii);iii> '^ m Dcrew steamer of ono humlrod and two tons, built by Davis, of Kingston, in 1887. To 'St Helen's Islund tiiu l.'ultivateur. Captain liubella, tnako.s daily journeys. 8tie was built in 1857 by Freshet, of Sorel, was extensively repaired in 1881, and was coinuletely refitted in 1888. Her biirilicn U just tliree hundred tons. The Hoclielaga forms ilto ferry from Hochelaga : she is a composite steamer of three hundred and eighty one Ions, and was built in Sorel in 188G. There is little left now to tell re;;ardin^ the R. & O., excepting to refer to some of their MOKE I'ROMINKNT OFFICIAI.». On the Montreal line from Toronto, Cap- tain Sinclair can b(jast of many years' faith- ful and meritorious service. Ho is respected and honored by liis cmph)yera, loyally revered by his subordinated, and ;,'roatly likeU Ly tlie travelling public. Captain Roy of the Montreal is also another veteran who has everyone's liking and respect. Pursers UranKe and Henry Kotner of the ^parlun and Magn't are also widely known, as also is Kngiueer Wadsworth on the Al ertan. Most appropriately, as many will think, the iiead otlices of the R & U. are in St. I'aul street, Montreal, not such a very great distance from the spot where once lived the pioneer of lake navigation, La Salle. A marble tablet placed on the house which now occupies tlio southwest corner of St, I'aul and St. Peter streets locords that HKRK J.IVKU llENK RuliKUT CVVAMKB SiKUU UK LA SaLLK, 1G68. The president of the U. & O. is Mr. iV. K. Connolly ; vice-president, Mr. W in. Wsin- Wright ; the general manager, Mr. Julian Chabot ; the trallic manager, Mr. .MexanKcr Milhiy, and the secretary and Ircasu.er, Mr II. Ijomdon. Th»Jr princtpal oiiices are 228 St. Paul giroel, Montreal, and 2 King street east, Toronto. llufore concludiiii; this article it will per- lia[j.-i prove interesting to many of those wiiu may read it it a letter from ".An Old Quebccker" on the .speed of the old R. M. line is givei'. In Montreal and Quebec that liua was often spoken of as the '* Tot ranee Line," as in Toronto it was not infreciuently referred to ps "U. R. Holland's Company.'" llie contents of th • letter are as follows : — KICIIELIKU CO. S RUNNINd TIME. " As the running time of the above boats haii been discussed iu your columns, allow me to give the time of the old " .Mail Liive " known as the lorrance boats. "This information I have before me,recci\ - ed lately from an old and well-know steam boat owner and ai,ent in Quebec. He says ; As to the speed of the "John Munn " and '■ (Quebec," I can .speak positively as wo had for live years a deadly contest between the " (jueheo" and the " .Montreal " (this was the first " Montreal "),but we boat her every trip, and often arrived in Quebec at 3 a. ii. after having left Montreal at 6 p m., on her way down calling at Sorel, Port St. Franci.>f, I hree Rivers and Ratiscan, and upward at Montreal (as the tide suitedj, : t II:;';!) to 4:5ll a.m., having left Quebec at d p m. The time : "Quebec " from Montreal to Jtorel, 2 Ihours, 25 minutes : " John Munn, ' 2 hours. 10 minutes down : 2 hour.<, 50 minutea up. "The Aiiii'trougs (captains) disputed this time of the 'John Munn's," and Captain Charles Armstrong (so long and favorably known to the Harbor Commissioners here) was invited to go on board an-erted. Of course there are some omsisious but that is a matter that 'hile we regret it, lh Prince Regent I Moira ^ Simcoe Seneca ; Princess Charlotte Hunter Lady Prevost Gloucester Wolfe Detroit \ Little Belt / Star Cheswell Magnet Montreal St. Lawrence Dove Reindeer •Car of Commeree Kingston Packet Perseverance Where Built. King&ton Cayuga Creek.. Not known. . . . II Detroit ;. Niagara. Carleton I Navy Point . . . . >i ii Year. 1678 1679 1766 1766 1766 1766 1767 1769 1770 1779 about 1776 Unknown {Unknown Niagara. .. Kingston. Kingston . Kingston .. Kingston . Unknown Stt>ne Mills Unknown , Unknown , Four-Mile Creek , Mississaga Ft Mississagu Pt. . . , Montraal York N iagara Gun boats built at Kingston Kingston Kingston , Kingston . Kingston . York .... 11 Montreal. Kingston . 1792 1794 1794 Unknown J 797 1799 about 1790 II 1801 Unknown Unknown 1797 1808 1808 1809 1809 1811 Tons 10 about 150 Unknown II II II 70 Unknown II II (I 80 400 80 Unknown i< II •I II II 1812 1812 1812 1812 1812 1813 1813 1813 1813 1814 1814 1814 1815 1815 1816 I Unknown Unknown Unknown 26 guns 22 guns 20 guns 12 guns 4 j.un8 Gun boats 14 guns 24 guns 19 guns 3 guns Gun boats 100 guns Unknown Unknown Unknown 70 tons Remarks. Wrecked. '* LaSalles ship. /Lake Erie vessels. Wrecked. Wrecked. Gunboats. Wrecked. Wrecked. Wrecked. Wrecked. Broken up. Wrecked. Broken up Wrecked Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Lost in action Lost in action Lost in action All broken up in a few years after peace was con- cluded in 1815 Wrecked The whole of tho vessels given in preceding tab'es were sailing craft, with the excep- tions of the Accommodation and Car of Commerce, both marked with an asterisk. ■PWP^^^,. Ijuj^il., ..,j,.^jj_ ..^. -nr- Kemauks. ^rfoked. •• LaSalles ship. Lake Erie veasoU Vrecked. V recked. Gunboats. Wrecked. Wrecked. Wrecked. Wrecked. Broken up. Wrecked. Broken up Wrecked Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up Broken up ^ost in action jOBt in action Lost in action All broken up in a few years after peace was con- cluded in 1815 Wrecked raft, with the excep- an asterisk. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 983 Name of Vesskl Frontenac * Malshan X Kingston X Burlington X Charwell X Cliamplain X Confience$ Walk-iu-the- Water Kingston X Queen Charlotte . . . Wood Duck $ Red RoTer X Britannia: Jane X Willing Maid t ... Asp X May Flower + Ualhousie John Watkins + Lady Sarah X The Brothers + Richmond + Queenston ('aroliue (Canada Martha Ogden Toronto Niagara Alciope Canadian X = George IV. X George (canning X Sir James Kempt. Great iiritaiu Iroquois John By William IV Transit Hritannia C'obourg Kingston (1st) Brockville Commodore Banie. St. Georac Enterprise Union Peter Robinson . . . . Traveller Bylown Hamilton , . . >ir Robert Peel ^ueen Victoria. . .. Where Built. Tinkle's Point . . , Montreal at Kingston Buffalo Sttckett's Harbor. Krnestown Yeau. / Probably York York, I Kingston, j and -' Niagara. Prescott York York York York Queenston Kingston River Rouge . . . . Sackett's Harbor. York Brockvilie Niagara York Y^ork York Bath Prescott PreEcott King.ston Gananoque Oakville Kingston Cobourg Kingston Brockville Kingston K i ngston. ... . . . Kingston Oakville Lake Simcoe . . . . Niagara Kingston Hamilton hrockville Nia1 1851 1851 1852 I 150 150 200 150 300 250 5o;) 200 250 475 200 150 450 150 500 200 30') 400 2iD 300 450 400 150 400 700 150 250 70 400 400 150 Tonnage not known. 200 ab't.ioO ab't 300 Fieight V asels, though in Kemakks. Burned. Broken up. Broken up. Tow boat. Tow boat. (jrovernment Teasel. Broken np. Broken up low boat. I ow boat Tow boat. Burned. Burned. Changed toschooaer Ferry steamer. River steamers between Rvr Trent and Montreal Kingsio , to By town Brok'en up U' recked 1851 Horse b't Tor. ferry some cases also carried paasen ers Propellers. 'Wrecked 150 200 250 .350 300 250 400 350 450 150 Burned Burned . ■■^■n m>w."^ ^ ^;pwp^^"WP^^«l^^^^^(fB mmmmmmimfmm'''t LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 985 Kemakks. ^erry steamer. River steanKTs Between Rvr Trent and Montreal Kingsio i toBytowB Brokten up Wrecked 1851 Horse b'tTor. ferrj Name of Vkssel. Ocean Wave Queon of the West. I'eerleas Lord Elgin Dawn Protection Citizen Kaloolah Cherokee J Victoria St. Elmo Geo. Mofffttt VVelland (2nd) Kanger Zimmerman St Lawrence Gartshore St. Nicholas Europa Canada America City of TcontoJ . . . Jenny Liud Montreal Coloniat Prescott Hamilton Kaitucky Willy Nickol AllianceJ Joshua BeardJ Kini; of Algiers Banshee J. C. Morrison , Wellington Avon Whitby Reind? mfmnj^^^m 988 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Namk or Vesskl. WiiRRK Built. YlAR. Tons. Kkmakks. John Hanlan Port Dalhousie. . Thorold 1884 1871 1875 1889 1860 1872 1869 1847 1847 1870 1864 1S5.J 186-0 1865 1870 1868 1892 1892 1875 1871 1871 1871 1867 1SS4 1887 1S75 1886 S3 COO ■ 410 303 344 340 172 478 452 456 519 750 570 720 488 380 525 200 424 190 443 410 102 300 .381 Jiaclieslttr linule. (Jarmona ... Formerly Manitob* Ottawa lliv r fiitenmers. Qneen Victoria I'hoenix Atlas Lady Simpson I'JmjJress iSovereiijn Montreal Montreal Montreal Montreal Monti ral Montreal Montreal Carillon Broken up. Broken up. Broken up. Broken up. Formerly Peerleas, I'rinte of Wales 1* incoss Maude J'iclielku itrnia Lansdownu 'Detroit L. Snick luiia St. Catharines. L. Shickluna St Catharines. Niagara jSt Catharines . , Ongiiira IToronto Relianco ' Deaeronto Watertown .... I Kingston Wales 'Sarnia Year. 188.") 1H(W 1802 1 880 1 S{)2 IS7 509 94 265 176 311 r.,akn tu.'. L(il;e and river tu •. pc.inierly W. M. .Mderson. Tug. Freight propeller. Fri'ight ])r<)pi?ll('r. Freight propeller. Burned 92, rep. 93 Propeller pass and freight. Freight propeller. Formerly Hustings. He-built 1881. Freight propeller Rebuilt 1881. Toronto tU;i. O. T. R. (i. T. R. G. T. R. Freight propeller. Vug. Form'ly Qu en City Freight propeller. CONCLUDING RI.MARKS. A brief preference to an episode in Canadian history, not wholly unconnected with the maritime history of the Dominion, may be licre mentioned. On the second Egyptian war occurring an expeditionary force to ascend the Nile formed part of Lor I Wolseluy's plan of campaign. The gallant peer and soldier, bearing his own Canadian experiinces in mind, decided on employing a body of Canadian boat- men, and, as will be learned from the following rep)rt, they did their work well and gal- lantly. in his despatch at the close of the campaign to the Secretary of War, London, Lord Woheley says : — " The Dominion of Canada supplied us with a most u.seful body of boatmen, under the command of Brevet. Lieut. -Colonel F. C. Denison, C. .M.C, of the (Canadian militia '['heir skill in the management of boats in diflicult and dangerous water.^ was of the utmost use to us in our long ascent of the Nile Men and ofKoers showed a high military and patriotic spirit, making light of diffleultios and working wi'th that energy and determina- tion which hAve always characterized her Majesty's (/anadian forces." i'A Vt i ".V,'!T ir-ij I i^J d I i: H 1:1 I I, i l-'J ■ * ! J ,-v i H ■' ! I 990 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO- t::'5 ifl H-.i-, !i', i'Ti' CHAPTEK rCLXI. YORK'S ASSESSMENT ROLLS- TbP Knrly Rnlls— The Parochial Ofncials— 11% ho TI1P.V Were and Wli«rc Tbey t'uiue I'roiii— Ciirloslltrs In Ike .tccuuiits. 'J'he first assessment roll where the town of York is referrei to is dated Februcary, 1798, and comprises not only the town but also the townships of York, Vanghan and Markham. In was duly pr pared and for- warded to the Lieutenant Governor, being sianed "Errors excepted," by " Thoiuis Ridout, Clerk of the Peace, Home District," It is impossible to say how much refers to the town and how much to the townships, but the total amount estimated for the home district to produce from one hundred and twenty-seven ratepayers was only £25 168 3tl currency, equivalent to glOIi 25. The assessors were Thomas Barry and (ieorge Playtjr, and the "magistrates approving " John Small and William Willcocks The collector appears to have bten Mr. Samuel Heron In the following year tlia number of those assessed was twe hundred and twenty-four, the rata being estimated to produce £75 8 currency (§301 6')). 1 hcmas StoyoU suc- ceeded Thomas IJirry as tissessor, the name of U illiam Jarvis \vu3 adde*'. to the approv- ing magistrates, end Aichibald Cameron was collector. In 18Q'J the taxpayers had increased to two liundred and hfty-four, the rate nrocUic- ing £81 5 6 ($325 10). John Ashbtidge and Eiisha Bema.r. were the assf ssors ; the ap- proving magistrates, with the exception of Willccnks, were tho some as in the ye Nabb. Collector — John Camerou. Overseers of the highways — Elisha Ben- nard, Robert Lang, J. Ashbridge, John Piayter, Ben. Davis, John Wilson, D. VV. Kendrick, \Vm. Jones nad William Cor- nell. Eli and John Piayter were brothers. A son of the latter lias for many yaa"3 filled most ably the post of secretary to the York Pioneers. James Piayter was another mem- ber of the same f nmily. J. Ashbridge was the man who bestowed his name on the small bay to the east of To- ronto harbor D, VV. Kondrick was Duke Kendrick, one of several brothers. One of them resided for some years in a small wooden cottage on Bloor street, nearly opposite University avpnue, William Cornell was a Scarboro' man, who emigrated to this country about 1780. He is described wrongfully elsewiiere aa William Cornwall : he lived all his life in Scarboro', and his grandchildren and great- grandchildren still live in the same place, if no: in the actual house occupied by their ancestor. ■J'he Pound '«« CO « '&'as& i Feb. .. Jujy .. April .. May. .. e o o o i2 1797 98 1799 1800 1801 **-*-*-♦ '* =rt =rt o o c .a o a A ■d a t« M a t4 g> o o 3 » 2 .a 3 J4 O n c o H C (3 ■^ c u o M u O >< ■ m 'Joronto township, it is believed, uea^ ..'Uge street. David I homson was Ano. w's brother. Thomas Hamilton was an inHuential trades- man or storekeeper in the town of York. His name is found among those who signed the address of welcome to Lieutenant-Gov- ernor Uoro w en he returned to this country in 1815 John Kendrick was one of three brothers, John. Joseph and Duke. John was drowned while on his pas age from Os- wego to Sandy ( reek in December, 1805. To revert once more to the abstract of ac- counts for tlie various years. In that issue for tlio puiiod from April 1st, 1802, to March 31st, 1703, are these entries : " June 28th, 1802, a woU'.s scalp certified by J. Wilson, Esq., taUou in part of assessment £L" A little lattr, on January 11, 1803, comes the foUowing enigmatical ei.try : — " Paid Captain !*'arl for taking < own Mary Diy, four days, ditto for provisions furnished by him to tako her from Kingston : o Lower C anadii, £2.0.0. Paid William Hunter his account for keeping the said Mary Dav, £10." Captain Earl commanded the well-known sailing vessel, the I oroiito Vach';, but who was Mary Day and why had the ratepayers of the town oi York to be at such great ex- pen- o on h'.r iielialf ' On March 3ist, 1803, three wolves' scalps arepaidforat rlie usual rate of £ I each, and there are several other entries of similar p.yments. Some iij'ht is I'.rown on the cost of wriiinj/ ma erials early i:) the cen- tury, for on December 2tit,li. \H(Vi^ cumes this ci'tvy, "L,)r the Chief Justice at the Court of Oyer : — 2 quires lai^e foolscap paper tt 43. . 8 100 best yellinv strin..' ijuills. 1'2 b ' But there is a inarL.'inal noto explaining that the shillings were York cut lei oy, so the actual sum would be not twenty shil- lines, but twelve shillings aad six ijcnce, -r ~ "TifTTT n LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 993 currency, or $2 50. Nevertheless foolaiup paper at 50 cents a quire, and quill pens at $1 50 per hundred is rather "ste<;p/' On June 29th, 1804, comes this entry. It needs neither note nor comment i eyoud this, that the articles paid for remained near the present Court fat, Toronto, on the site occupied by the warehouvea of RowssU & Hutchifion, for nearly thirty years after their erectioa, if not a little longer. It reads thus: " Cash paid for making pillory and stocks £7." No less than £10 appears in the accounts for 1804 as having been expended on wolves' scalps, but, as not a feiv people yet living both in and near Toronto know, it was many a long year later before these scourges to the farmer were exterminated in tliis dis- trict. The year 1804 is the last in which these accounts arc given item by item ; after that date a new system of i ookke ping was in- troduced, so we pass to the other matters. As the year 1804 was the last, (as men- tioned in a former article) in which the ac- counts of the Home District were set forth each payment in a separate item, so is it t)ie first in which the olficials acting for the town are named separately from those acting for the Home District. In the year now spoken of Eli Playter was the town clerk of York, Joseph Sliep- pard and Daniel Cozens were the assessors; Colin Drunimoiid was collector ; Thomas Hamilton and Eliphalot Hale, pathmasters ; John Fisk, poundkeeper ; and Alexanvier \\ ood, esquire, town warden. In tli« next year both assessors and col- lectors were changed, but they are people we have met with before, as were the "over- .neers of highways and fencevie^ ers." no Ic.nger pathmasters be it noted ; Uideon Orton as poundkeeper, and Joseph Hunt as townwarden, make their appearance for tl.o ilrst time. In 18U0 John Detlor's name appears as one of tne assessors, Isaac Collumlies as the poundkeeper and Duncan Caiucron and Robert liendersuu as churchwarden and townwarden respectively. There were some changes, as a matter of course, iu 1807i the town oflicials being as follows : Assessors — Thomas Stoyell and Thomas Humberston'. Collector — John Ashbridge. Overseers of Highways and Feuctviewers — Parker Mills and I'arshall T'lrry. Townwarden, William Allai:, Esq. Poundkeeper, Lewis Bright. Alter 1807 the names of the otliciuls are no loiigLT given with the accounts. 0'. thcsa various otlico-bea.-ers Mr. Joseph Sheppard resided in or near Yorkville on Yonge street. He was very highly resspeuted and for the time very well off; he con- tributed largely towards the erection of a church at York Mills. He must not, though, be confounded with Harvey Shepard, the well-known foundryman. Not only are they of entirely different families but the names are spelled differently. Mr. Joseph Sheppard's colleague, Daniel Cozens, was the son of Captain Daniel Cozens, an otHcer who fouglit on the Royalist side iu the revolutionary war which had as its results the indepen- dence of the United States of America. Tlie Cozens family Jaim that their ancesior built the rirst house ever erected in York. But the Shaws also as.serb that this honor belongs to their great grand- father. Major General .~haw, and as Captain Co/ens' grant of land in York bears date July 20, 1790, and the Shaws. to say nothmg of the (■ivins' and otiiei well known tamilies, were here in 1794, the claim of the Cozens' at first sij^ht does not appear to be a very cood one. Of Colin Drummond there is very little known; it has already beeu told who Tliomaa Handlton was, but Eliphalet Hale needs to be spoken of. He was the man who opened up y'ongu street from Queen street to where Bloor street now i^. In 1800 that portion of York was no5 know;i as Yonge street, but as •' the road to Yonge street" the latter commencing there and running northwards to I'enetanguishene. Hale died on ."Septem- ber 17th, 1807, being at the time Higli Con- stable of the Home District. .lohn Fisk, tlie poundkeeper for 1804, was a farmer near York. His name soon dit.ap- pears from tlie list of olMce holders. John Fisk came to an untimely end. Ho with many others was on board tiie schooner Speedy, which with all her crew and i a.s- 3 ngers was lost some years later during a storm on Lake Ontario. Alexander 'A ood s name is sufticient, he has been described ovor and over again. Not to know Mr. Wood iu 1804 was to be yourself unknown. Mr. Joseph Hunt was an early resident iu York and one of the first pew holders in St. James' cluucli. John Detloi- who was in ofiiee in 1806, re- mained in York some little time h UL'er and then removed to Kingston. Isaac C'oliunibes w s a famous cutler and gunniaker residing on Caroline street (now Sh rbourne) York. He and his residi nee have buen fully des- cribed in other pages of the "Landmarks" so it is not necessary to give him more than this passing notice. Of the later named among the public min, Thomas Stoyell is mentioned a.< i eingin ofiii-e in 18u7, but this most probably isa miatuLtior m ■ ii ■ ; ';? '•■■ li i' ' i t ; 1 r I J ■ ■K <■ n I m Hi H I ni,ipii|«!,^i^»i?ppifr ■«■■ «MHP 994 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Thomas Stoyles, who had held the same ortice previously. There was, though, a Doc- tor Stoyell iu York at the period and it may have been him. Thomas Uumberstone, the colleague of Thomas Stoyell, liveu on Yonge street, near Hog{{'a Hollow, and served through- out the war of 1812 as a lieutenant in the militia. He received the war medal granted to the Canadian forces as well as the Im- perial troops for the war of 1812 Mr. Humberstone was one of the earliest mem- bers of the Society of York Pioneers, and remained among that body until the time of his d atli. Parker Mills was a farmer on tho Don, to the west of where Broadview avenue now runs. l^arshall Terry was both a farmer and a mill owner, also residing on the banks of ihe Don. He served throughout the War of Independence as a soldier in Butler's Rangers and on the conclusion of peace settled in Upper Canada. As has previously been related, he was accidentally drowned in 1809. He left a very large fam- ily of sons and daughters, the last of whom only died in 1875. His widow married William Cornell, whom she also survived. She died early in the "fifties" at a very great age, leaving children, grand-children, «nd great-grandchildren. William Allan, Esq., the town warden, was the \« ell-known occupant in later years of Moss Park, and father of Senator G. W. Allan. He was one of the most prominent public nien in Vork until its incorporation as a city in 1834 under the name of Toronto. After then, though, he took tin active share in the management of the 13.ank of Upper Canada, and was also most useful during the troubles of 18.'i7 ; he took no very promi nent part in public affairs. His name is attached to the capitulation of York iu 1813, he being at the time major in the York militia He married Miss Gamble, daughter of Dr. Gamble, of the Queen's Rangers. This lady was a sister of the three brothers, John, William and Clarke Gamble, also of Mrs. J^irchall and Mrs. McCaulay. Mr. Allan died in 18.33. The last person to bo mentioned is Lewis Bright. He was a well-Known man and as highly reupected as he was well-known. The two streets in the eastern portion of the city, Lewis and Bright streets, are called after him. One of his sons resided for a great number of years on the north side of Queen street west, near Bathurst street, and his grandchildren and greatgrandchildren •till reside in the city. The following return, showing the culti- vated and uncultivated parts of Toronto, with particulars of the houses, cattle, etc. , will prove of some little interest. It is headed : "Abstract of the Home District for the Year commencing 7th March, 1803." pibsjusn suosMd /o "©.v s3snoi(3.iOis .-4 adoifs ,siunipj,3jj[ [ ** suujnvj; j ^ Slim 1 S Wl pSUlVfUOO SUOIJVf) 1 S3aoicl-9uif ivuoiijppy t 1 •» flufunoo ui S39noji 11)01 VMOj; { S 1 "> U-nof Wl tasnoji *- S9U0 s 1 : /o j,ivd 2ouo})ippy | li3U0)S UlVd 3UO 'sfjiui JSJUf) N dn puv uv3tl 3U0 'suiais a SUV3/1 U710J Of oaif '3}ffV3 p3uuoy Bunoji s scnoo yo}tj\f S8 dn pVV SJV3H Utio/ 'USXQ ^ dn pun 8J.V311 33J,y) pDliV ii3S.lOJl « •4 p3fnAi}}n i) ^ pvvj ^. p3)v.)})ltijun /o ?3.W V i i 1? M u • O f o e £ ^ ^^MPP^np^Pi^^aqr -v 8, cattle, etc., iterest. It i» me District for rch, 1803." LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 90S n~i H 1 ns W I oy Id 1804 the form of the return is lome- what altered and aa will be leen there ia a •light increaee in the amount of the rates: — Jl s a s 'r »» »rm S 2 « . ll o I S e •o «t p9utofuoa auojfoo S 8 aujanvx «o w 94 nijtng JO ox s S 8 pruaoy Ounolt /o 'O^ 8 « 3 smoQ /o 'o/i & 8 s uaxojo 'ojf C £; 1 89SMH /o 'OX :ji 8 899noy9.to)s M •o m »doy» juvyoufjf 00 00 »* fljtuunvs 9^ M «o sauoisutvd tauotftppv : : : 1 sauofs jnvd i—»Jt*Fl fH rt »^ S90VJJ aut^f jvuoiftppr S 9^ g IU)unoj uj t- 0» s? vmox «* fisnofj S s spyj ucnoi CO ^1 p9)vatunov/i Si 1.9U 1-20.864 p9tt>iiii2no r^ ri 1 1 1 ijTownot York.. • 3 The retuma for 1807-8-9 are atill more tended, being as follows : — ex* Amount of rate at Id in the §L. 1 - '' 00 1 1 s <<< •0 — Si ® Si !; li e e 2? suo% tyOp fo ai98a9A r* M r* S9\qvx puvtms M M ints 8 8 8 UTO/I Mto /o 9ujms et s -> unoj 0} Otnt '9]nVO P9UMH SS •» r» smoo yonir s a § J»iO pun sdvaO. xnof 'vaxQ s 3 S MAO pun 8J,V9ll 99U1if '89SM>ff 8 R S BUrnA 9MV7 'BUOtJlVfS M s9snoy9M}s p4 M 09 adoys ,»ptm(0A9jf[ « 00 00 mm ««» 1 1- ^^ p^ i 890 Djd ■9J,J^ JDUOtlfPpr 3 ii 8 n9U0t8 •oait Mpun '9uivjjf 8 s s siovjd ■'•*.Vf ivuoittppv 8 3 3 I19U0.8 •oan.i' uaquijjj ouvnbs a S S; s9onjd ■3UU jtmoyjippy m S t5 lt3UOi8 9U0 'Mqwtx suvnbf! « sOcj punoff 2 el S s;o7 uaiox s s p9jva})jnou/i i 1898' 626100.210 18 9' 764 92.697 p9iva})jno CO •-• to J.V9X i M fl 1 t > -■At ^ipi M 1 l|! 't I ti' i ir HI i|i| lit Wi LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. These ligures are so iiewhat diffioult to understand a d as rngarda the caltivated and ■ncaltivatcd ureas it is worae than uttcleas to attempt any explanation. What is the precise meaning of "homes in town" and " houses in country ' when the figures are only given in re ference to the town of York is equally perplexing, but the rest of the statistics given are inteHigible enough and tell their own tale. The num er of persons assessed in the years 1804-5 is not given. In 1806 there were 175, but this included the township of York in 1807. For the town of York only 113. The numbers are not given for 1808, but in 1809 they are returned as 111. In 1810 the following particulars are taken from the abstract : — No. of persons as- sessed 121 Acres cuUivaied. 96:2 " uncuUlvated.90,236 Houses 110 Gristmills 8 'J he total valuation 11 4 Saw mills Merchants' shop^ Store houses .... Yesselsof 8 tons and upwards... was £20,938, 63, Od. and the "sum to be collected with the mem- bers' wages added thereto" was £92 17s, 5^d I'he accounts for 1810 are signed on July 13th, 1810, by Thomas G. Ridout, Deputy Clerk of the Peace, acting no doubt for his father, Mr. Thomas Ridout. This is the only instance where they are so signed. The amount of \uluation made March 4th, 1812, was £33,506, 12s. Od., and the rate amounted to £146, lis. 9d. , the number of people assessed being 128. A fe.v months later the war between the United States and Great Hritain broke out, and possibly owing to that circumstance there are no accounts whatever for the year 1813. There ia no room for doubt as to the disastrous cSects of the hostilities upon the town of York. Not only had the ratepayers decreased to 116, but the valuation had gone Ciown also to £31,884 12s. Od., a decrease of more than £1,GW. To allow Iho growth of York from 1S2() to tiie ypar preceding its incorporation !is a city the figures are given for 1820, '25, 30 and" 1833. 42 ^ "** r 1. •0 "=1 •3 § s ^x ^ t^ ?5 ^ — _— . 1820 232 148 .. .. IS-.i.i ■Mi 233 .. 1830 173 460 4 io 1833 777 636 4'26' a' 3 C 26 4 48 4 09; 3 100 s:d II 21 33 37 7 4 10 38 R, U I £ 132 2S842 £ s d 12c 17 .l4U»):i79 H 2 . 6;)7;)127:! 15 4 . 198487 40K H 3 It is to be regretted that the number of ratepayers is not given after 1820, but tiM probable number in 1833 would b« about 450. What are described as saw mills were very probably also timber yards where the tim- ber was also sawed into boards and scantling for builders' purposes. The rate for "members' wages "varied, sometimes it was only the twenty secondth of a penny in the £, at other times one- ninth. As is mentioned in the article on York's population there were several iron foundries in York tn 1828. but in the general return these are all classed under the heading of " merchants' shop." A very fragmentary return of the trials at the Home District sessions for 1830 shows that there were indicted throughout the year thirty-eight jrisoners for the following offences : — Assault and battery 29 Petit (sic) larceny 8 Nuisance 1 Total , .38 There is this plaintive note to the re- turn : — ••N.B.— The Clerk of the Peace has no documents by which to ascertain constables', police and witnesses' fees." In concluding these reminiscences one more comparison may be made, and that i.s between the rateable value of York in 1833 and Toronto in 1893, sixty years later : — Year. Rateable Value. Amount Produced 1833 $.393,948 1893 $150,766,035 The taxation in 1833 was as possible equal to twentj'-six cents per head of the population ; in 1893 it exceed.s fifteen duUars, taking Toronto's prejent population as in rouad figures 170,000 souls. $1,6.33 65 $2,601,882 00 nearly CHAPTER CCLXII. THE TOWN OF YORK. Population ICf' with Ollirr lit- It\vn- ships of King, Markham, Vaughan, Whit- church, (the population of all these places being given separately) with, grouped t.i w^. '«!«",!':>■ LANDMARKS OF TORONIO. 997 820, but th« luld b« about Mils were very here the tim- I and scantling ragoa " varied, leuty-aecondth her timea one- e article on were several tn 1828, but ihese are all of "merchaiita a of the trials at for 1830 shows mghout the year the following '29 8 \\\ 1 38 note to the re- he Peace has no srtain constables', jminiscences one nade, and that is of York in 1833 years later : — Amount Fiodused $1,633 65 $2,601,882 00 as as nearly as ix cents ppr head ; it exceeds fifteen ireient populaliou ) souls. CLXII. F YORK. ■4, wltU Oilier In- liamentary returns of Y..rk,{nnw Tot- intheyear lH00f4:704 248 222 1174 Town of York.... ^18JOl437 13051712 260 238 1240 These figures call for but little comment,, though it is somewhat singular that, while, there is a slight decrease in the " heads of families'' as compared with the preceding, year, there is a net increase of sixty -six in- habitants. The returns for the next thre^ years were prepared with great care and much more attention to detail They are thus given: — Heads Children iLo'iiera of in Kach and 1 Fam'l's Township Serv'ts. •« .1 ti ♦-1 s!^ -a ■e S'-S ^ s •; b £'5 y, « e M u ( ? 2 12 C «5 a ^ ^ ^ 1 s 1,1. S ^ 1 S T'n of York 1821 291 209 13 11 '292 271 238! 171 15M T'n of Yo! k 1822 387 254 1 3 219 271 SJ 85 1338 T'n of York 1823 237 189 39 46 223 251) 205 141 1330 The figures contained in these last three years are somewhat perplexing. Comparing 1821 with its imni diate prcd>!C(^s.9or there is a phenomenal increase of no less than three hundred and nineteen souls. The next year, though, 1822, tells a widely ditlerent tale, when, though the head^ of families increase, the males by niui.'tysix and the females by forty-five, tlie net decrease of the year retches two hundred ai>d twenty-three people. Readers may possibly lie able to find a soluti in for the contradictions and inc )nsistencie8 that these fin;ui'es present, but the tables themselves give no explana- tion nor suggest any. The following letter from Mr. S. Heward accompanied these accounts in 1823. (Copy.) Ofllce of the Clerk of the Peace, York, 4 th AuKUst,, 1823. Sir.— I have the honor to transmit 10 you ta be laid before bis Kxcellcncy. the Lieutenant' W Sit u mmmmmr^mmmm ^Pia^a WMIP* ■■■■IWi 1 LANDMARKS OF TOWmiQ. OoTcrnor. »ii abatrkot from the Mraral Town Clark*' returns. o( inhabitaoU kow rasiding in tba HoiDft Distriot, raeeiTwi by ma batwaan tha 4th Fabruarjr and 31tt Jnlj inelaiire. I hare tha bonor to be air. your moat obadieat aarrant, (diffnod), S. Hbward. Clark Peace. Home Dlatrlet. To Major HiUlar. Secretary to hto Ekcellency. the Uautenaat-Oorarnar. It ia "aaventy years ago," yat tha wife of Major HiUiar, to whom this latter was »d- draasad, is atill alira atid well, though fast •|>proaehing tha and of har tenth decade of eziatoBoa. Sha was the siatar of Colooal Jamaa Girina, whose property was in the weet and of the city, and of whom much has bean already written. It is not at any time altogatliar eomme U/aut to refer to a lady's M;e even so gnardadly as has just been done, hilt as population returns are being discus- sed, poasibly it will be excused by those who may notice it Major Hitlier died in India more than fifty years ago. From 1824 to 1833, the latter being tha last year of York's axiatence under that name, tha form of the returns was the same as in ue from 1817 to 1820. With only one exception they exhibit a steady increase in the town's population Toumship. Town of York. Mil 1825 IKS 1827 li£S 18» 18W 1831 1^38 1 • 578 528 560 513 691 1237 1837 1833120661 1772 118 430 458 517 465 808 624 880 807 1300 Children. ' «e tt - •-< ^ p^^ 1 9 *«* 9 V *%» V « g g 1 s S 916 335 334 1685 958 307 412 1677 1018 323 378 1719 1030 377 410 1817 1156 617 462 2235 1332 688 493 2511 1672 560 389 2860 M64 1105 800 3969 3367 1126 1023 3505 3828 1189 1077 6094 Accompanying the return for 1829 is an additional document, showing the manufae- toriea and ship yards then in existence in the Town of York. Among the former is the paper mill of Eastwood and Spinner, situ- ated " on the River Don, three miles from York." F. R. Dutcher's "v upola furnace •r iron foundry," was sit«*ted, though, in the " Town of iork." Tha precise locality is not given, but it was on the east side of Yonge street, about eighty or one hundred yar£ from its junatton with King street. In addition to bis iron foundry Mr. Dntohar had a plovgh and east steal axe manufac- tory. But this gentleman was net allowed to have all the trade to himself, the well known Harvey Shepard having no less than three separate eat tbiishmenta where he carried on precisely tha sams class ot trade as Dutchar. 8hepara's factories were on tha west side of the street named after him, connecting Adelaide and Richmond streets. There was yet another faetory some few miles from Toronto, desoribed in the return aa a "carding machine and falling mill." and rather ragnely deaeribed as situated in the "Townahip of York, River Humber." This mill was owned by Mr. John Scarlett and was of stone, standing on the west bank of the river, where the latter iia crossed by the road leading from Dundee atreet to the Village of Weston, long known aa Scarlett's road, and which at one time formed the northern boundary of Scarleet'a racecourse. Mr. Scarlett had his office in York, where he also had a limber yard. Two sailing vessels were built at York (the same document just quotei from tells us) in 1828, one of thirty<«even and the other of sixty-four tons, but who eonstrueted them and at what particular locality we are left to conjecture. Mr. S. Howard, as Clerk of the Peaoe, signed the returns from 1824 nnlil 1828. After the latter year Simon Washburn signs until 1834. The laat return relating to tha Town of York waa aigned by the depnty clerk, Mr. William Hepburn; it is dated 13th January, 1834. The next following it is dated, "office of the Clerk of the Feace, city of Toronto, 2nd June, 1834. (Si.;ned) S. Washburn, Clerk Peace, H.D." with the following foot note, "Sent in tri- plicate to Colonel Rowan, this 2nd June, 1834, W.H " The initials are those of Mr. Hepburn. That is almost sixty years since. Mr. Hepburn's daughter only paased away, five years since, but descendants of his to the fourth generation are yet in the city, as there are also worthy repi eaentatives of both Simon Washburn and Colonel Kowan. So aa to render this paper complete for purposes of comparison, a census table from 1834 to 1892 is appended : Year. Popu'aticn, IncreoM. Decrease. 1834, under 9,000 1841 15,000 6,000 1851 30,735 15,738 1861 44,821 14,086 1871 56,092 11,271 1881 86,416 30,323 ■»■»» LANDMARKS OF TORONfO. Ir. Datfllwr a manafftc- ftUowed to wellknnwB than thr«« t carried on M Dutchar. irast iida of conneciinK p iome faw in tba ratorn ilhnK mill." M aituaiad in r Humbar." lohn Scarlatt ha weat banlc ia eresaad by ■traat to the M Scarlekta formed the ,'a racacoaraa. York, where tat York (the m tella ua) in the other o! itrueted them r we are left «f the Peace, U until 1828. raahbnrn aignii relating to the iv the deputy it ia dated I3th following it i> (ha I'eaee, city Washbcbn, L Peace, H.D." 'S«nt in tri- his 2nd Jane, ,re thoae of Mr. n tinea. Mr. aed away five of hia to the n the city, aa esentatirea of :olonel Rowan. r complete for laaa table from foM. Decrease. lob ...... 36 ...... 186 1 123 PopuleUion. Incretue, Decrease. 105,211 18.796 181,2*^0 76,009 188.914 7.694 169,099 18 915 * Semicentennial year, t Dominion cenaua. 1 Police oenaua. Year. *1884 tl891 :i891 1892 CHAPTER CCLXIII. THE EARLY SESSIONS. The Flrat Daya af the CeMtarjr— The Grand Inqucat-VrlTalaiiaaad Yexallaaa Chargea —The Home Dtatrlet Hchoal. '1 be adminiatratiou of juatice in the town ef York in the earlier daya of the preaent ceucury preaenta a marked con traat bet wean that which obtaina in thecity of Toronto now. Nowadaya trifling chargea of theft, aasault, druukenneaa, etc., are diaposed of by the atipendiary magistrate with advantage not only to the community (;enei ally but alao to that of both prosecutora and defendants. In thoae daya , though, all audi caaea were heard at what waa known aa the General Quarter Sessions, and it ia from the minute book of those sessiona that it ia now propoaed to ^ive some extracts which may prove of some little general intereat to our readers. The General Quarter Sesaioua for the year 1810 were opened at York on Tuesday, April loth, being, aa the opening words of the record atates, *' the fiftieth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third ;" before Alexander Wood, Esquire, who waa chairman, and Duncan Cameron and Donald McLean, Eaqui. is, whu were his associates. What ia described aa the Grand Inquest, that ia, the Grand Jury, consisted of twenty members, their foreman being Charles W illcocks, and among hia col- leagues werO'John Jordan, Lewis Bright, Thomas Stoyell, Jordan Post, senior, and Jordan Post, junior, Caleb Humphrey, Pat- rick Hartney and John Playter. All of tltese names are well known in the early annala of York. At this day 'a sitting of tn« court two iudictnii uts were preferred both for assault and batteiy against two separ- ate defendants. In one case the grand in- quest found "no bill" and the said defen- dant Avas accordingly acquitted (sic)." The other case, though, appears to have been a very pretty family quarrel, the pro- secutor and detendants being closely relat- ed. However, both sides appear to have thought it well not to wash their dirty linen altogether in pub- lic, for the defendants pleadet guilty and were fined each one shilling and bound over to keep the peace towards the proaeoa tor in the aum of £20. At the aame aitting waa "read a petition from the inhabitants of Etobicoke reapecting the ferry at the moutb of the River Huirber, on ac. ount of the high charges at aaid ferry, and it was ordered by the court to aummon Jamea Crawford, keeper of the aaid ferry, to attend the court to-morrow at 10 o'clock, which waa accordingly done.'' On the fol- lowing day Jamea Crawford attended aa he was ordered but the caae waa adjourned until April 13th. On April 12th, John Thorn, Nicholaa Klinkenbrumer, John Williama and Jamea Baker were indicted " for a nuiaance." What this nuisance was we are not specifi- cally informed, but at any rate they pleaded "not guilty." Nevertheless, the jury took a different view of the matter, and convicted them, the sentence of the court being that the defendanta "be committed to the Home Diatrict jail for the space of fourteen daya, and there to remain until they remove all tbeir thinga out of the Yellow Uouae." Jamea Crawford, the fenyman at the Humbar, attended, according to ordera, the aitting of the court on the 13ch inst It was then and there decreed that the old ferry rates were too high, " and that less rates would support a ferry very well." The old rates were accordingly aboliahed and theae subatituted in their place ' ' and ordered to be taken and no more" : — a. d. 1 1 3 5 2i A ] I 2h for I he April I6th, " continued Single horse, carriage and driver . . . Double horse, carriage and driver. . Every horse and rider Every horse \\ ithout rider Every horned cattle Every sheep Every hoj; Every foot passenger The appointment of constables Town of York took place on when Beojamio Cozena was fro'ii the last year " as High Constable and ten others appointed to act under him. The only noticeable name besides that of Cozens is that cf Alexander Leage. 'ihe court adjourned on April 21st until May 5th, following. When the adjourned sessions were opened on the date mentioned, there were many complaints made to the justices there assembled that statute laVior \^as being avoided, no less than fi\e persons appearing " to show cause why they had not performed their statute duty for 1809. " Many excuses were made ; eventually all the cases wcsre adjourned until the I2th instant, when it was ordered "that Darcy Loulton be sum i^ .■ i m jii't 'I I! J W if? ? ■. Pi -I Mi 1:^ r 1000 LANDMARKS OF TOROATO. I moued to attend th* eonrt" Mr. Boalton WM I'athmaster, and th« dafendanU had Jrctty ({eneraliy agreed in their tale, that e, Mr. Boulton, had nerer warned them to attend their dutiee. However that may have been, when the 12th instant arrived Mr. Boulton gave an explanation which apparently satisfied the magistrate and the natter dropped. The court met again on May 19th only to adjourn until July 7th, when the minutes record, " the April sessions were thus closed and the court adjourned." Thomas Ridout signs the record as Clerk of the Peace for the Home District. The court onoe more assembled on July 10th, the justices present being \Vm. iMIan, Duncan Cameron, William Graham, Donald McLean and Archibald Thomson, esquires. There were no cases of any importance for trial, but on July 13th, " Hugh Carfrae presented his account for puttLig up the jail pickete, amounting to £60 15s. Od. (|243 00), which passed the sessions. ' Ou September let when the sessions were held, there was the usual plentiful crop of eomplainu about statute labour not being Serformed. This appears to have been a uty very greatly disliked. Upon application made by Colonel Givins to be allowed to do so it was order- ed "that he be allowed to perform his sta- tute labor for this year and the last upon the road leadincpast his house to the Humber." That would be on Dundas'street, from where Ossington avenue now begins. At the !<«d Prince, be recommitted to prison and there safely kept till delivered according to law and that the gir! do return to her said master." The depositions taken in court respecting this matter were from William Jarvis, Wil- liam D. Forest, Doctor James Ulennan and Isaac CotamlM. When the ordinary meeting of the sessions assembled on April 9th, Mr. Samuel Smith took his seat as a magistrate for the first time. The grand inquest consisted of twenty-one members, among them being these subsequently well-known names : Stilwell Wilson. John ricarlett, Samuel Heron, Samuel Mercer, Joseph Sbeppard, Patrick Hartnty, John Deuison, Joseph Cawthra and George Duggan The cases for trial were most insign Scant, being chiefly for assault and battery, with as a matter of course complaints by the score against nearly every one liable tu perform statute labor for ne. lecting their duties. The pathmasters in those far away times mudt have had anything but a bed of roses First they had to wbru the occupiers of land that so much work was required from them, then they had to get the work done if they could, and as they generally could not, they then had to bring the delinquents before the Court of Quarter Sessions. Tut even then their troubles were not over, for the court generally took a lenient view of the matter, possibly as every < ne of the magistrates were liable for statute labor themselves, "a fellow feeling made them wondrous kind " and those brought before them were generally 1st off if they promised to do the work. What constituted an assault in those days ? It would be very interesting to have that question answered, for pcetty nearly every one seems to have been summoned before the Magistrates sooner or later fbr that offence. At these very sessions George T. Deni&on was summoned to appear for this crime, the prosecutor being one William .\!attice. The Grand Inquest, though, re- turned " no bill " and the minutes proceed to say "the «aid George Deuison 'vas accord- ingly acquitted. " ' There are many yet ii Toronto who refxcrbcr this gentleman. They will not require to be told that tt;e comments he probably made on the conduct of William Mattice in proeeeuting him on a groundltH charge made up ly their vig- or and heartiness for anything that they might luck in politeness or elegance of lan- guage. Hut Mr. Deuison was not alone, for Dun- can Cameron, Etquire, (actually one of the justices) was indicted for the same offence, and " pleading guilty, was Hned|^one ; shill' ing, which he paid to the sheriff in court." They were intensely loyal in those days, though, for the Grand Inquest " fro.-n in- formation reos ved " made a presentment against Jesse Updegraff for — it causes ■■ pain to have to chronicle such a piece of history — " having d d the king and used other disrespectful language in the house of John McBride, on Yongo street." Jei'e was ordered to be brought before the court on July Qth, following. A minute of April 10th records the ap- pointment of Duncan Cameron as Registrar of Deeds for the county of York, vice Hidout resigned. Among the constables appointed at these sessions for the town uf York, appears the name of Jesse Ketcbum. Few men saw greater changes in Toronto than he did in his four score years c f life. And it may also be said that very||few mm .spent a long life with such complete unselfishness aa he did. At the meeting of the sessions called for April 29th there were three magistrates present, who, though, immediately ad- journed until the following May 4th, there being as the minutes quaintly record, "nothing'particular before the zourt." When the Magistrates assembled on the date fixed among more trivial matters there was " laid before the court an esti- mate of the expense attending the repair of floor of the jail, which vas approved and re- commended that the chairman doap{.lyto his Excellency the Lieut. -Governor that he v. ill be pleased to direct that the spike nallii be furnished from the King's stores, as there are not any of the description required to be purchased at York." The court at this rame meeting also order- ed that the ansessment of rateable property in the Home District remain at one penny ia thepound, which was the sirnie as in Irhe yew preceding. The next meeting was on May ISth, when there was no business before tht court, which accordingly adjourned fbr » m ■: i.ir MXB LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. ■•, I WMk. WiMa Umt ni«( ■gaia on May S6lh, tiMj »ppelatod Mr. WUIiMi Knott, k««per of tho HottM of Corraotien, for tbo HooM Dittriot. With tho oiooption •( tbe oTor rocurring oomplaint* »bont iho Bon-p«rfoniiMie« or ill-p«rforin»no« of th« ■l»CuU labor, nothing f nrthor tnn»ir«d at thoM MMiona worthy of notice. Thoy ad- journod en Jnno 1 1th, not to mMt again nntil July 9th. The latter date waa that npon whieli Jeaat Updegraff waa */o have been brought before the eourt for hia dialoyal ezpreaaiona reapeotiog hia Moat Graoioua iMajeatT George the Third, but when thia auguatbodyaaaeinbled their minutea record : " the bench warrant iaaued to take the aaid Updegraff waa raturned, aa he could not be found. " And he never waa found, and very probably no one waa one bit the worae •wing to the faot that he eaoaped. There were aeveral paltry caaea ot araault •od battery for trial at thia date but notb- Ids whatever of any general intereat The ■aJary of the keeper of the Houae et Cor- leetion waa fixed at £10 currency per an- nua, (|40). Thia waa very amall certainly but probably the dutiea ware equally light and aa Mr. Knott waa alao keeper of the jail, he w.*a not ao very badly off. "Hie court did not meet ajrain until Octo- ber 8, the Magiatratea preaant being Mesara. Thonua Ridout, Donald McLean, , William Allan, Duncan Cameron, Richard Beasley, Samuel Smith, Richard Uatt and William Applegarth, the two laat being new names. William Warren Baldwin Eaq. Juittor Judge of the Home Diatrict l'ourt,applied at theae aeaaiona to be allowed to open the Diatrict Court in the Upper Houae which waa granted. The "Upper Houae ' referred to meant the chamber occupied by the Legialative Counoil now-a-daya aa the Sen- ate. There waa nothing of intereat in the proceedinga of any of the meetiiiga ef the Seaaiona until December 9th, when, before the' magiatratea then aaacmbled, the clerk read tbist letter : SHBRirr's Officb, York, 1th Doc.. 1811. Bin.— I beg leave to state to you that the wrlsoners in the cells of the jail of the Home DUtrict suffer much from cold and damp, there betng no method of communicating heat from the chimnies, nor any bedsteads to raise the atraw from the floors, which lie nearly, if not altogether, on the ground. I have to request that you will represent these matters to your brother magistrates, and suggest that a small ■tove in the lobby of each range of orlla, a rough bedatead fur each cell, together with somo ruga «r blankets, will add much to tho comfort of the unhappy prisoners confined, and, it is to be hoped will remove the grievance complained •( to. sir. Your most obedient bumble servant, (Signed) John Bbikie, Sherifll Thomas Ridout, Esq.. Chairm&D Q. S. IToma Diatrint. When tUa eommanioation from tka Sheriff waa read it naturally oauaed a good deal of diaeuaalon and it waa eventually ordered:— "That the treasurer do procure two aoiall mettle (aic) atovea and pipes— and to fnrniah auch bedsteada, blanketa or ruga, aa nuy ba found aeoeaaary for the pria- onera " At the aeaaiona which aaiemblad on December 28th the following people applied for and were granted permiasion to open taverna in ttra town of York, viz.: William Smith, Junior, John Evana Joaeph B. Abbot, 8eth Cook, Andrew O'Keiffe, John Jordan, Joaeph Hunt, Oaboma Cox and Thomaa Hamilton. Tha faot that stoves were ordered for the jail baa been mentioned already. They were ao ordered on December 9th, but on February 18th, more than two montha later, though the atovea were there, there waa no fuel tor them. On the date juat named Mr. Thomaa Kidout, in hia capacity aa ohairman of the Quarter Sesaions, signified to the court thai the keeper of the Home Diatrict jail "prayed that the court would grant him firewood for the two atovea lately erected for the uae of the criminala in the lobby of the cella. " Eight corda of wood were then ordered to be purchased " for the uae of the aaid atovea thia winter." i ha question of atatute labor was again to the fore at the aeaaiona held on April 18th, 1812, when among the many other notices in relation to the aame subject it waa ordered, to quote the exact worda of the minute book :— " That Thomaa Ridout, Esquire, do perform the whole of hia atatute labor of thia year on Duke atreet opposite to hia premises, or on any part of Duke street whereby he may be moat benefitted." How very accommodating ? But ao long aa the atatute labor was performed and per- formed properly, it mattered not a jot whether Mr. Ridout ex< cuted hia ahare »[, Duke atreet or anywhere elae. The roadn required ao much to be done to them, and with all the statute labor, so little good was efifected in their state, that ao long aa each occupier tulfiUed hia dutiea, whether in one place or another, it wcs sufficient. Benjamin Cozens had for seme time been performing the duties of high constable, but at these sessions Charles Baynes ^ a pointed to succeed him in that of^' e town of York. Among the ilea appointed at the same i the name of Jonathan Caiwthra figures piou- oualy. But a glimpseX^aSorded us b> nese minutes of the preparawVj that were then being made all through Uppx Canada for the impending war with the United States of America Many of those who bad been iLAl^DMARKS OF TORONTO. 1003 >D from tka r MUMd A good WM •vcntuatly r«r do procure and pipoi— »nd ankata or rugi, for tho prU- MMmbUd on people applied jiaioii to open [ York, viz. : John Evana Cook, Andrew Joaepli Hunt, milton. ordered for the dy. They were >ut on February ■ later, though waa no fuel tor ed Mr. Thontaa sbairman of the the court that ict jail "prayed lim firewood for 1 for the use of of the cells." n ordered to be the aaid stoves abor wuB again IS held on April le many other I subject it waa words of the imaa Ridouk, |e of his statute street opposite part of Duke t benetitted." But so long aa med and per- d not a jot his share )i. The roadK to them, and little good was long as each hether in one nt. me time been onstable, but ,ynes s ai off' • it I the res -picu- ua b> nese It were then Canada for Inited States lio bad been appointed U acrve aa •outablcs were az- oused, on the grom.d of their " being volun- teers for the flank oompanies." Among those so excused were these :— Seth Cook, William Shaw, Robert Moore, Jonathan Cawthra, and several others, both in York and in the township of the same name. When the court assembled on April 30th they had to consider a complaint made by Andrew MoOlashan, of the township of York, that " Ihomas Mercer, senior, of Yonge street, had shut up the public highway or road near to his dwollini; house called Yonge street" The magistrates ordered Mercer to appear on the 9tl> of the following month to show cause why he had so acted. He duly appeared before the bench, who appear to have shirked adjudi- cating in the matter, for they ordered the compTainanta *' to apply for redress to the surveyor of roads aa the law direuti." A case of assault and battery preferred by one Philip ( oady against James McNabb, at the sessions holden on July 14th, is worth referring to, as it was brought to an end tventually in a manner never anticipated by either prosecutor or defendant. When the case was called on it was stated that the defendant waa then "on actual service with the flank companies at Niagara." The hearing waa accordingly adjourned until a later date, but before that date arrived Mr. McNabb had fallen in battle and passed away forever from the cognizance of earihly courts and ma^istniteiL it is strange that at the sessions which assembled on October 22nd, no notice what- ever WAS taken of the battle that had just been fought at Queenston, where the Presi- dent and CJomraander-io-Chief . (ieneral Sir Isaac Brook, had fallen with the words *' push on the York volunteers " on his lips ; such thou/h is the oaae. A guard for the district jail was ordered at this moetiaa, but the court decided to defer to a future time the question of " the propriety of furnishmg firewood and candles for the said guard." But eventually it waa decided that they might " with propriety " be furnished, not only with fuel, but also with light. On January 12th, 1813, an assault case was heard against three defendants named Hudson. One Simeon Morton waa evidence for the defence, and after the jury hud returned into oourt with a verdict of not guilty, be and one of the iuiy found them- selves in a very "tight place." The stoiy is both inter> sting and amusing and is thus told ill t* ' minutes : — " As soon as the jury had givL.i in their verdict, Mr. Baldwin, attorney for the prosecution, moved that Samuel Jackson, one of the above named jury, be taken into custody on an affidavit then made in court by John Bagell, crier ol •aid oourt, for the foUowing'.reasons. to wit : When said jury were going from the court house to the room prepared for them to retire to oinsider on their verdict, one Simeon Morton, defendant's witness, ajcost- ed said juror, one Samuel ilacksou, in tL«:ised to Mr. William Allan, aa treasurer of the Home District, directing that : — "A certain sum of money received from Mennonites and Tankers amounting to £710 15 (^,843)— is completely without the control of the magistrates." It was cCirected that this money, which had been paid as finea for exemptiona from mili- tary service by these sectariu should 'forthwith be paid into the hands of the Acting Receiver-General." By a later minute it is learned that thia direction was duly fulfilled, as were similar auma received from the aame sources at subsequent periods. On September 18th, in thia aame year, at a special session, ihe court took into con- sideration the "assizing and fixing" the price of bread in th4 town of York. At that time fine wheaten flout was .< two dollars a barrel. The court made this order, namely, "That for fifteen uayd from the date here- of every lork. At that time '.i two dollars a this order, namely, om the date here- btcn bread, weigh- sold at one shilling •k currency." Ihat % four pound loaf wenty and a half matter it must especially those i small means. ilution was unani- irt to this alTeot, lace do write to secretary, for his decayed state of z to his honor the over the said and delay in the >a8siDg this resoiu- me die. October 12th and 19th lust., but latters there was more than ordin- again on January sc«reral defen- auswer to the :heir horses and for (Government and others, hav- acqaitted, while at to let nuch a meeting of the Hh, a letter was las Taylor, Fort ts ot whieh were gth March, 18U. InK required to do iirity of prisoners wart has direcicd netflcient state of that p'ace. The out«ide gate as wMl -x^ most of the inner doors being withoat fa8r<e for the Home Dis- tted for that pur- ,nd that the further ted for the aame to come into the lurer for the uses of 117. Also that the paid to the taid Dr, John Strachan Dnies advanced by lons for the school ftschoolhouse shall ichool room be paid md that the treas- l to pay the above irman be instructed a with the above ed on October 16th, d of petit larceny nth's imprisonment that period to be ieiving thirty nine e one") and then be new names added peace at tl.is period iris, George Playter, m Chewett. the court met on ry presented a bill ail Napier McNabb to Robert NichoU Nabb was ordered Ices to answer the of Oyer and Termi' ay fitly conclude Ibing account of a st one William hich mot at York ^zen of the United was brought be- ^ni signed by VVil' ring a picture with llyon (sic) with a ring over him, witli :ha8tizing (sic) the ^e (Jovcrnmeuc of Ostrum for pab- leferreu to the Alien Act. Also jwnsiiip of Ficiier- lars to the court liipted the saiJ JLure above named, Inizance foithwith ^r twelve months self in the suin uf siMii of i'oO each. and that the parties do pay all OMti, which they done as follows : Reoogniiancej, John Majors £100, Abram Lessee £50. Condi- tions ; that John Majors be of good beharier towards all his Majesty's liege subjecta for one year from the date hereof. " The minutes after this present little matter for comment What is of general in- terest has been spoken of in previous article* in the Landmarks. CHAPTER CCLXIV. THE WOOD GORRE8PONDENOE.' Mr. Wood and tke Rarlv York Kesldenis— Dr. Strachan's tajrlnc* aad •plBlent— Ab " OIBcer and a GeBllensan"— An Acreslle. Mr. Alexander Wood, to whom the fol- lowing letters on business polities and vari- ous other matters were written, was a well- known citizen of York in the early years of the present century. His residence and Elace of business was on the north side of line street, near Frederick street, not far from the first brick houM ever built in Toronto— that building now occupied by the Uanada Company. Mr. ^\ cod had a very large acquaintance and was greatly respected by men of all shades of political and religioue opinion. A« will be seen, the letters cover a long and eventful period in the history of the upp«>- province. The first is in French, and was written by Mr. Quetton St. George on a purely business matter, ihoueh there is a touch of humor in the sentence, "Je le prondrai aveo plaisir vu que les sauvages m'en demendant a tout moment." The letter runs thus :— •' Windham, 7, 8, 1801. " Monsieur, — "Si vous avez encore de cett* flanelle blanche, je vous prie m'en enveyer 24 on 30 verges, cu si vous voulez m'envoyer le restant dc la piec^.. Je le prendrai avee plaisir vu que les sauvages m'en demendant a tout moment, "Envoyez moi, aussi, 10 a 12 verges ratinne blanc, bleuc ou brun. la couleur ni faira rien : qui ce soit de la meilieur marche que vous aurez dans le cas, on vous en auriez pas. Je vous serai inliniment oblige de m'en acheter cetve (juant:.te chez un de nos voisons" "Je ne compte pis aller a York avant le 15 Novembre, vu que je vais parti pour aller loin dans les terres. J'ai, kc, "QOSTTON Sf GeOBOC'' "Alexandek Wood, Es ronto, who in 1806 wa* a schoolma*t*r and clergyman at Cornwall. He also transacted a good deal of business for him. Under dat* " Cornwall, April 7th, 1806,*' Dr. Strachan thus writes ; — " My Dear Sir — I received both your favore per Messrs. Cust and Sherwood. I have no letters from Scotland for some time and I seldom s*t much new*. My mother finds too much labor from her advanced a«* in writing long letters. One of yours from Mrs. Paterson, in point of intelligence, con- tains more than a dozen of mine. * • » Mr. Wood had evidently asked Dr. Strach- an to send him *ome of his sermons to read, for after referring to other matters the doe- tor thus proceeds : " In regard to the perusal of my sermons, the only objections I can have is that I seldom have more than one copy, of which the writing is very indififerent and full of corrections. I commonly writ* my sermon on the Saturday and preach it on Sunday and as my ideas rush rapidly forward my hand is unable ta write them quick enough, which occasions my slipping out words, and this, added to my closeness of writing, would make it diffi- cult for anyone to read them but myself " " I may get two or three copies out, how- ever, or if you promise me a good sub- scription, I may publish a volume. I write always from my own reflections, and seldom have any other book on the table but the Bible, when composing them. I am not afraid, therefore, of being called a pla>i;iarist, and that I believe is the principal merit which my sermons possess, and it is a merit of a very doubtful kind. I laid down two rules for myself when I began to preach, which I have rigidly observed : First, never to preach any sermon but my own ; second, never to preach the same sermon to the same congregation a second time, during the first seven vears at least. The first rule makes me think for myself, the second is an antidote to laziness. 1 have now abeat tw* i: ■■ il U i i I T^tTT^^ 1U08 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. haadred lermons in manuscript, all written by my own hand. > I slialt show you a dozen or two of thft beat.wlien you come to see me. " The bill .you tent ine cainc safe. Tiie House have done wonders this year, and evinced a spirit of eaterprise and - improve- ment, from which we may au ^ur favorably in their subsequent deliberations. 'I'he bill they have passed for purchasing th^ articles necessary ito > illustrate a course of experi- mental philosophy certainly does them in- finite credit, and will be of threat advantage to the youth of the province. No kind of studies enlarge the mind so much as investi- gations into the works of nature, for the farther we advance, and ttie more accurate our deductions, the more we are convinced of the perfection of that Being who created the whole. " I was going to continue my examination of Thompson's Castle of Indolence, but could not lay my hand upon the place in my commonplace book, where I had marked th« stanza at which I had stopped, but I shall resume it in my next. I find au agricultural and commercial society instituted in your city I do not comprehend their object very clearly by their resolutions, as they do not go sutfici- ently into detail. The advantages to be de- rived from such socieJes, when conducted with spiiit and liberality, are great ; every- thing depends on the strength of the Friends and activity "of the members I regret Burns, but his death was to be exp^cicd. He was a man, as far as 1 could jud;;e, of an excellent heart, and most unquestionably of great medical knowledge and general infor- mation. When lie was here last autuniu I never expected to see him again. Ho was then mucli reduced, so weak as not to be able to dress himself or to bow his body towards the ground. If yoa have Beattie's poems and will send me tlie perusal of them 1 shall enga.;e to send you two or three stanza s of the Minstrel Continued. 1 hope your party work ceases as the spring ad- vances. I am, my dear sir, " Always Yours Sincerely, "John Strachan." In the foregoing letter the Burns referred to was Ur. David Burns, at one time a naval surgeon, afterwartls C'jrk of the Crown for Upper ("anada, being the first holder of that utUce. He was also one of the Masters in Chancery. There was an obituary notice of Mr. Burns in the Gazette and Oracle, pub- liahed on February 15th, 1806, from which the following short extract i" riven : " He thought and acted but foi tublio good ; His reasoiiinK pure, liis mind all maaly liKht, Made day ot that which else appeared as night; In him iiistri^ction aimed at this Ki'f^at end : Our fates to soften and our lives amend," Dr. Alexander Burns, of the Queen's Rangers, was of another family, though he is sometimes mistaken for David Burns. The next letter in the series is also from Dr. Strachan. His remarks on himself and his political proclivities are most interesting, especially read as they are now by tho light of later events. I'he letter is dated "Cornwall, June 13, 18))6. "Mt Dkar Sir,— Our friend, Mr. Auldjo, delivered me your favor in person, and I am glad to tind that you have had no return of your enemy, the a;;ue, this spring. J must confess that I a'n under a sort of ' eegiikge- ment to pay you a visit, and I should perform it with the greatest pi asure •rtcre you anywhere but at Yv>rk, which of all' places. I .am told, is at pro- sent the most disagreeable in the pro- vince. Were it possible for me to remain in your hospitable mansion without once stirring out, 1 believe I should endeavor to see you this fall, but as that cannot be done, I am afraid that I must put it off till a Gover- nor makes a peace between your parties. You will naturally say that I have no connexion with either ; very true, but 1 should not be at York threfe days without giving ofl'ence. But you will say, what need I care ? Why very little, but as T l'o to enjoy myself, it might tend to interrupt this enjoyment. The lake is another barrier ; T am always sick, and altho' I am not afraid ot r'.eath, I cannot relish a fit of sea sickness Whether I shall shut: myself up at home, pursue some literary scheme or travel through the couiitiy, I have not determined, nor have I takim an oathnot to visit York.tho'I do not think that I should reap' the same satisfaction that I would do were I visiting you alone. But to have done with this. "Dr. Mo.Aulay wrote me that you were to remit me fifty pounds sterling on his accouiit, but before I liad notice of tiiis, 1 had drawn upon tiie doctor for thirty pounds cur enoy. I will thank you tlierefore to send mc no nioie than the remainder of the fifty poumis sterling, after deducting ihirty poumiB currency, which you will remit to the doctor himself, who may iiave bt'en put to incon- venience periiaps in paying my bill, as lie had made this arraiiL'ement. I send you my salary bills and cortifici'.tes to get signed. 1 will thank you to get them done at the time, as I sliall be in want of money soon, ior 1 have some payments to make evrly next month. I am always giving you a great deal of trou j1« without any reuumer- atiou. "We have heard of so many different Go?- ernors that it is impossible to say who siiall come with certainty till lie make his ap- pearance. I am glad to think, however, ^^ "^h^^'l^' I ^mmmmmmmmm na, of ih« Queen's er family, though he for David Burns. i Bttries is also from larks on himself and 1 are most interesting, are now by the light tter is dated tLL, June 13, 181)6. r friend, Mr. Auldjo, r in person, and I am ive had no return of this spring. T mutt r a sort of efij^age- visit, and I should greatest pi asiire )ut at. York, which told, is at pre- eeable in the pro- le for me to remain unsion without once [ should endeavor to that cannot be done, put it off till a Gover- seu your parties. You I have no connexion , but 1 should not be hout giving offence, need I care ? Why p to enjoy myself, it this enjoyment. The ; 1 am always sick, lid of f'.eath, I cannot «s Whether I shall pursue some literary ugh the counliy, I or have I tak«n an I do not think that satisfaction that I you alone. But to me that you were to rling on his acoouiit, f this, 1 had drawn ty pounds cur ency. e to send me no moi e the fifty pouuiis ng !hirty poumis 1 remit to the doctor been put to incoii- ymg my bill, as he ment. I send you lici'.tes to get signed. them done at tbs ant of money soon, nts to make early A'ays giving you a hout any renuiner- many different Gof- le to say who shall 1 he make his ap- o think, hoMever, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1609' that it !■ likely to be a civil governor. The union of the civil and military department* is seldom beneficial to any country — par- ticularly to a .colony. In a new country like this there are co many improvements to be made and so ^^a!ly useful regulations to be adopted, aa'call for the whole attention of the Governor. The disadvantage is that our Governors are commonly more anxious for the improvement of their purses than of the Province, and this is the case in all colonies, liecause certain fees are commonly annexed to their olBoe and they are careful to exact them. The Bishop, it is said, returns, but what he has done 1 have not learned. It is reported that he has procured a sum of money to build a palace. The death of Mr. Pitt would derange his measures, for the new Ministry, it is probable, would not be so propitious. He wished to place his Cathe- dral at Quebec upon the same footing with those of England, a measure which might have given dignity to our estn' ashment, and would have consequently been of use. He desired also, I believe, to procure some in- crease to our salaries, in which you may be sure we cordially wished him success. I find a chance of iullock, of the 41st Regiment, who sonie year-s later was Adjutant General of Militia tor Uppar Canada .Mr. SVood had written the gal- lant soldier on Septemiier 17th, 1806, and juit four weeks lattr received the following reply : — ■il;i'? ' i i } .1 f ■■;', 1010 LANDMi^RKS OF TORONTO. " Chippawa, 13tL October. 1806 "Sn.— I raceived youn ti the 17th ult, with my account for the houao I rented in York. CoMidermg the very gt'eat expense •nd trouble; I wae at, and the improyemente made by me on the premiaei, I really did euppoee that some abatement would have been made in the rent. However, 1 enclose yon a set of bills on M«s«rs. Greenwood ft Cox, London, for £26 Is 4d sterling. The balance, which is £8 10a 3d Halifax, 1 will thank you to pay to Mr Quetton St George. I have given him an order on you to that effect. I will trouble you to give Mr. Sher- riff Willcocks a receipt for me for the rent I have given him full power to dispose of the crop I left in the garden, or anything else left by me on the premises. " I cannot help remarking the advantage you took of my absence, in makinc so very an oxtraordinary charge against me, to my son, for glass, k«ys, etc., etc. This is not using me well, or doing justice between man and man ; I assure you I did not expect such treatment from you I can with truth assert that during the time 1 lived in the house I expended upon it, and the premises, much more than the amount of i he rent, besi >es my own fatigue and trouble, and I an» confident that no other person would have made the frivolous charges that you have, some of which are erroneous, particu- larly the keys to the parlor doora, none of which I received. As to the panes of glass, I should suppose you have chait^ed every one that had the least crack in it, there being only two wanting when I left the house, and there were several cracked when I hrst went into it, which I have no doubt but you will recollect. " I am. Sir, Your Most Obedient Servant, " Richard Bullock. ♦•Alex. Wood, Esq " Mr. Bullock, as will be seen by his letter, wan quite willing to insult Mr. Wood and ask him for a loan in the same breath. Mr. Wood s reply to the foregoing any- thing but courteous communication was botli dignified and businesslike, and was as follows : — " NrAiiARA, 29th October, 1806 " Lieut. Bullock, 4l8t Regiment. " Sir,— Iwasnot alittle surprised on perus- ing your strange epistle of the 13th current received by me at York on Sunday morning, and which I should Imve answered ere now had I not made up my mind to cross the lake. "Your illiberal and unjust remarks I might paa.s over in silence, satisfied in my own mind that you will on mature deliberation find yourself mistaken or misinformed, knowing also that my name and character are well known in these provinces, so that I dread no impatation from the hasty formed opinion of a stranger, but I think it my duty to you as well as myself to repreMnt things at they really are, and cava yoa to judge of them as yen think beal ' 'On my arrival from Lower Canada I was told that you had gone to Niagara and t'lat Capt Taland was in your houM, this though not exactly agreeable to the strict terms of a lease, I did not find fault with,nor did I at any time aak Capt. T. by what authority he accepted the pramisea, nor did Capt. T. think it necessary to mention to me that he had left. " Your son kept the keys of the houaa till a day or two before he left York, when, if he has represented the thing correctly, he will inform yoa that I did net receive the premises till ha want with me in parson. \Yu inspected the house and 1 believe ha will do me the justice to say that I did not count a single pane of glass that it will not be neces- sary to replace with a new one, and that more than six or eight cracked ones were overlooked. With respect to the keys, you are under a mistake and which may be clear- ed up by applying, to Mr. Stuart, from whom 1 received them in a bunch, and if you please to consult your memory it will recur to you that on meeting you opposite to the Ball alley I returned with yon to town where the keys were, and we looked at the house to>;ether. The keys I then left with you, and I believe every key belong- ing to the house except the outside door of the cellar. '* When you took possession of the property I explained the situation in which it is held and the impossibility of making any re- pairs or allowing for any improvements. I certainly deviated a little on your represent ing the uncomfortable state of the rooms from smoky chimney, and for my pains I am to have the honor of paying for the ex- pense of altering them. '1 his and other pleasant things will certainly be an induce mcnt for ine to accommodate strangers in future, particularly when the only iidvan tfige 1 am to reap is trouMe and insult. "Your bills I how return, not finding it convenient to furnish money for them. Pro- bably some of your friends on this side will discount them, or you may find it convenient to draw up a set for the exact amount of the rent, say eighteen pounds sterling. " I expect to be here some days. ' I air, Sir, Your Most Obt Servant, "Alexander Wood." Towards the close of the year, in Novem ber, Mr. Wood received auotlier communi- cation ironi Dr. Strachan, whic>^ deals with LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1011 OTlnoM, ao th»l i the hMty forin*d think it my duty » r«pr«MOt thing* kv« yon tojudga WW Cftnad* I wm Ni»g«n and t')«t ear houee, tbie >le to the etrict ind fault with,nor apt. T. by what pramiMa, nor did r to mention to ■ of the honae till ft York, when, if hing correctly, he net receive the me in person. Wh believe he will do I did not count a will not be neces- w one^ and that acked ones were to the keys, you rhich may be clear- Mr. Stuwt, from a bnneh, and if ir memory it will ting you opposite ned with you to and w« looked ie keys I then left very key belong- le outside door of ion of the property lin which it is held making any re- limprovements. I )ii your represent Ite of the rooma for my pains I ^ying for the ex- 'I'his and other lily be an induce- late strangers in ihe only iidvan le and insult. In, not finding it sy for them. Pro- on this side will find it convenient lact amount of the iterling. le days. iNDER Wood." ■ year, in Novem iotlier communi- Ivhic'' deals with a good many different matters ; among others, Mr. Wood's health is referred to It will be observed that the Doctor of Divinity luid the Doctor of Medicine previously quoted agree as to the treatment iNir. Wood should receive. Doctor ,Strachans expression, "cuts you otf from tiie converse of the dead," used in referring to Mr. Wood's health, is both original, and striking from its originality. The acrostic on Mr. Wood s name is amus- ini;, but that is about all that can be said for it. " Cornwall, Nov. 26Lh, 1806. "My Deal- Friend,— "I have been alarmed by accounts of your bad health, but I hope you are better. Oapc. McDonnell tells me you had gone to Niai;;ara. It appears to mu that a seton in your nflck might effect a cure. Mr. Pat«r- son, who was very bad with a si'nilar com- plaint, finds himself much recovered since he had an is ue I wish I was near you to entertain you in these long eveni igs, when your health cuts you off from the converse of the dead. •'Mr. Mitchell has sent me Ik-attie's poems as you desirea him. I shall in the course of the winter attempt a few stanzas in continu- ation, but I despair of coming near the original. It will be their foil, or 1 Ue Nebu- chadnezzar's image, clay feet t > a golden head. The doctor's sou was a most amiable youth, but the productions of his which the fond father has published by no means equal the praise bestowed upon them. I saw this 'Life' soon after it was written by the Doctor, and as far as I can remember the pieces written by his son were more numerous. A few copies only were struck off for particular friends. Montague, the second son, with whom I was in the habit of the strictest intiiracy for several years, had a copy, of which I had the perusal. •'1 send you my bills and certificates in case another opportunity should not off. r. Our half-pay officers have been obliged to send an express to make so i e returns to the Governor. The enclosed letter to a Mr. Mitchell, who lives at Mr. Hamilton's, I will thank you to forward as soon as possi- ble. It contains a couple of let- ters of recommendation, which may be of great use to him, as he intends going to Jamaica. I hope they will reach him before he sets off : Arise, O Iitt)e throb of life. Laying prei^sed with ru- hless woe ; Kiicourag'u moet the baletul strife, 'Xult CO ward the threaten'd blow, And sweet content shall dump thy foe; Never can the daring mind Dettirim; reason's purest light, Kvils in life's journey find ReaUtless to its growing might. With ardent hope it soars on high O'er all these evils to the sky ; O, may such hope to thee be Kiven, Diseased tho' thou be, thy thoughta shall re«)t in Heaven. "As I have seme facility in making lines, I stopped to make an acrostic on your name for 3'our entertainment, but it hindered me nearly an hour, and 1 had only allowed quarter of that, but the letters are perverse, tha X plagueJ me much, and then there is an odd letter. Behold what difficulties I had to surmount before I was able to make this mixture of sense and nonsenec, but if they please you a moment I shall be satisfied I wrote you by Mr. Chewett, who has been some time in York; apropos I send you a bill of his on Mr Wyat, which I hope will be paid when due if I find anybody here wishing to send up money to York I may draw upon you for the amount of my salaryjl and Chewett's bill, taking care to remember the income tax and two per cent, discount besides, which I find from experi- ence to be the price in Montreal, but of this I shall advertise you by the December mail. It is not certain that any person can be found indebted in York. The man waits and I must conclude. I hope you are better. I am, my dear friend, "Yours Sincerely, "John Strachax.' Mr. Wood received a furthir letter from Dr. Strachan early in 1807, and it is the only one in the correspondence dated in that year, though from internal evidence con- taine I in subsequent letters it is evident that the doctor wrote others, which have, unhappily, not been preserved. The first portions of this letter require no comment ; they explain themselves. In the passages referring to Mr. Mitchell the Mr. H. mentioned was Mr. I amilton, of Niagara. Every reader oi Canadian history will know who is :neant by " this turbulent judge ' in the concluding sentences of Dr. Strachan's letter, and everyont.: will agree with his con- clusion that a judge should be " a peace- maker, a composer oi difficulties " " CoRXWAT.L, 29i;h Janua y, 1807. " My Dear Friend,— I received your excellent letter of the 17th last with a mix- ture of I egret that we are not nearer, for it appears to me that our svntinients agree almost upon everything ; certainly upon all the topics that ws have happjned to touch upon, Vou will admit that your situation is in point of society much superior to mine when I tell you that there is nobody here that I can with ny propr ety de ominate my f lend. Neither t .eir manner^ nor acquir meuts, however good thei may be in other respects, can admit 3f it. Yet such is the stren>{tb I 1012 LANDMARKS OF TORUATO. of my spirits that I bear up against it, and seldom alluw myself to think seriously about it. When I feel my spirits ^.'Sttiug low I dy to study, and after an iiour oi- two applica- tion I feel recovered. "Y. u will tix me with indolence when I tell you that I'xuept spending a little tiiou>;ht (as yet to no purp 'Si I have dons uo.h ng to m^ int nd 'd schems I will not give it up, 1 hough I may be some time before I I egin to write, as I wish lo have maturely weigh- ed the materials. I had been seriously em pi )yed on a prose busines > ( f which I shall g.ve you an account hereaft r ; and 1 have « l>egun to write a bagatele, the geuiral out- liu ! of which 1 shall draw in my next, in order to ease my th nx^hts, before I com- mence the continiatiou of the Minstrel. You see I communicate my schemes to you M to a brother. The truth is, tHat were it not for these pursuits 1 should get low spirited aud perhaps dis- gusted with my double labor. '1 h - time, however, whic i I have to bestow upon those matter:^ in exceedingly circum serine. 1. I meet with a vast number of interruptions from people connected with my boys, and lately I have been much occu- pied with the distresiies of one or two fami- lies in this village. "I am glad yon have sent my letter on to Mr. Mitchell. I hope be received it before he left Mr. H. His situation was very dis- agreeable there and he wanted energy, or was afraid to resiaX bad treatment. It astonishes me that a man of so much sense as his would allow his children to bo ruined through a ridiculous compassion ; as for the lady, I do not wonder. Those who know not the value of a thmg cannot appreciate their misfortune in its loss. The pride of both these people i.s i,, legitimate eubjecc of ri licule and by attending le^s to ceremony than they deemed necessary, I lost some of my popu- larity at Queenstoc 1 must confess, that with the siucerest desiie to please, and to pay every deference and respect that is, or appears to me, justly due, I am apt to be a little refractory to assumers, and feel dis- posed to nettle them a little, when it can be done without trouble or rudeness. "I begin to fear chat I must remain here and to give up all thoughts of going home, for, in the first place, I do not see that ever I shall be in a condition to go with a genteel independency, aud without this I will never go, unless on a vi$iit — besides, after an ab- sence of teu or twenty years, one finds his friends much altered ; they hare not the same warmth of afifection. Their opinions and sentiments are strange- ly di6fereut. Not that they are in rsality mure changed than wc are ourselves. but we perceive it more. We chunge very much in the course of a few years ; it is in- deed by decrees so very imperceptible thit we do not often observe them, but the alter- ation is not the less certain You will ob- serve that I say nothing of the havoc which death has made among our friends, and how few of them remain in the places where we left them. Those considerations may aflford us a kind of negative consolation, because they may discover to us that we should not increase our happiness by going home so much as we commonly think. "Dr. McAulay tells me that he has desired you to remit me twenty pounds. I hope his notice came in time to enable you to send the whole by the post His son John, with Mrs. Elmsley, arrived safe in England. They wete, it seems, in some danger. On the banks of Newfoundland two suspicious vessels appeared, but after hovering about them for s ime time they made o£r. When near the British coast a vessel came towards them, and they prepared for action. Poor Mrs . Elmsley was put into the hold, and all was ready, when thft supposed enemy hoisted English colors "The fame of your election extends to this remote part of the province, it seems to have equalled Westminster. If this tur- bulent judge proceed in the manner he has been doing, the peace and harmony of the pr ivince will be destroyed. His conduct astonishes me the more as his situation points him out a paace-maker, the com- poser of difficulties. I question much whether a British judge be eligible to sit in the House. To whom in case of legal diffi- culties shall tile Houses apply for advice if the jud.;e3 become parties? You see we en- ter a little into your politics. In truth the discontent which this man may very easily raise will render the situation of every re- spectable man in the province much less acrreeable. I am, my dear friend, "Yours Faithfully, " JoHx Strachan. "Alex. Wood, Esq." The letters from Dr. Strachan dated January 11th and February 3rd, 1808, possess very great interest as giving sound insight into the state of feeling which ex- iste t iu Canada prior to the breaking out of the war of 1812 "CoRNWAU,, 11 January, 1808. "Dear Sir, — lu my last, I irouuled you with business and you find me now inquir- ing whetheritbe done;so that you seldom see my pot hooks without some additional call upon your good temper. Well, a good tem- per is better than good nature, because the former commonly proceeds from a good judgment and strong reason, the latter is imrmif^'^fmimm We chiiasja very w years ; it is iu- nipercepcible thit lem, but the alter- n You will ob- [ the havoc which i- friends, and how places where wo rations may aflford isolation, because iiat we should not ' going home so nk. that he has desired lounds. I hope his ible vou to send lis son John, with safe in England. in some daai^er. Newfoundland appeared, but sm for sime time near the British rds them, and they r Mrs . Elmsley was 11 was ready, nhon ited English colors tion exteuda to this vince. It seems to ster. If this tur the manner he has nd harmony of the red. His conduct e as his situation e-maker, the com- I question much be eligible to sit in n case of legal diffi- ,pply for advice if You see we en- itics. In truth the may very easily iation of every re- Drovince much less \r friend, iully. OIIX Strachan. Strachan dated |)ruary 3rd, 1808, as giving sound feeling which ex- he brcdkiug out of 1 January, 1808, St, I irouuled you d me now inqiiir- that you sildom see :ne additional call Well.a good tem- d nature, because ceeds froni a good 180Q, the latter is LAIS' DM ARKS OF TORONTO. 101 S cr>iiiinonly constitutional. Y^'our inoQ'ensive (^'ood sort of folks have no feeling; they are not angry when insulted because they do not know that tliey have been iusulted. They are not agitated by a disappointment, because they can hardly elevate their minds to a state of expectation. "We are plagued with rumours of war. To- day it's declared, to-morrow wo have peace; however, a short time must determine us one way or the other. Nothing can be more despicable than the conduct of the American Government, They are quarrelling with the only free (lovernment on earth, although they must be sure that were England to fall, they must become a province of France. What a monstrous coalition will democracy and despotism make. After this the most op- posite things may be reconciled. Our Mili- tia have behaved well everywhere ; here we have one hundred and two choice men, 'J'he whole i attalion offered their services. Our neighbors will not find it so very easy a matter to conquer us as they suppos d. I be lieve I sent you in a former letter some account of Buonaparte's confession in three books, and the arguments of each book. BUONAPARTE S SOLOIJyUV BEFORE CONFESSION Devout Caprera surely must bo riglit, His glowing words my throbbing soul affright ; AIhs! my nuni'raus crimes begin to rise Jn hideous hues before my swimming eyes. .\rrayed in splendid robes, the sil y crowd Tliiiik mighty kin ;s possess the sovereign good. Hue little know they of tlio raging fires That tear my breast and nourish fli>rce desires : And what proceeds from all my cruel wars? A place which solid happiness debars. Can growing power levvard the cancerous care That turns the troubi'd mind to blank despair On racks I lie, all hopes of pleasuro give, The beams of joy avoid a monarch's ihrone; No bosom friend attends, no social joys- Revenge or anxious tear my time employs. Why stand I doubting? Yes. I must confess To Pius' tender care my dismal case ; The Father's gentle remedies may cure Tho parching flames my spirit can't endure. ''I believe 1 shall change the measur ■■ and write the whole over again. "Yours, My Dear Sir, Ever, " John Strachan ' An allusion is made to Napoleon's having consulted the Pope in the lines — " I must confess To Pius' tender care my dismal case." Succeeding Dr. Strachai's epistle of Jan. 11th is another from the same writer dated February 3rd. jThe circumstances ttlluded to in the ode to Jefferson, which is contained therein are now very ancient his tory, but it is none the less interesting to read how these matters were viewed by one who ike Strachan was a keen observer of men and things in general. " Cornwall, 3 Feb. 1808. "My Deab Friend:—! have been favored with your two agreeable letters, the last ol which, dated the l^tiicamnvery opportunely. My sending t'ne Tower of .Attorney without executing it was indeed very foolish, but when will poets be wise ? I now send you another with all its appendages and one tc sign John Robinson's indentures for ine, ii you will take the trouble. I um sorry the young man appears shy. Hi.« situation is not the most eligible on the whole, but it was the best I could get for hiin at the time. "The sound of war appears to blow over a little but as politics in prose are not worth sending I will mount my Pegasus in the manner of Peter Pindar. To Mr. Jefferson .— Oh. Great Philosopher, a Rhymer prays A moment's notice of his rn.-ii.; lays. Thy glorious acts atl'ord him matter For some harmonious cheerful little odes And Patriot zeal his tee nin; noddle goads To sing thy praises great and not to flatter A sage so deep condemns the butter'd style ; For sturdy troth alone regales tnine oar; Thy mind by science lifted mnny a mi e Looks at poor mortasl from a higher spttere. Thar follow Brydon perch'd on ilCtna's top Laugh'dat the cloud-i and vapors far below AVhich make the poor bicilian.s sigh and mope And give them burning puins and dismal woe. If Urydon feit Mi* spirits turn so gay What must you daily feel so near the sky } Come down t^iigncious Jefferson, I say W'ltti mortals f tha Corsican ; people, and ap- itest. The con- nment in this last ry infamous thai ture One effuct «• newspapers n oys preaching up othing but war. es of much import irding the cutting jkterittl points are above One thief e too free with his was banished the intreal. Poo Mr. n appearance since :hey are just pre monument ; they jetting a place for .ed giving them the him. At length it at the head of A great number of le to Quebec this but our fir to that which y and Russia that he Baltic is opened, erdeen views Did jar? Mrs. Stracliau I. 1 am, my dear Cordially, John Strachan. •63 written for the y afford you som.: I " Itrachan'i comniuni is of considerable „ most interesting in [is made in it for the lincreasing family. 1 26th Sept , 1808. Lur obliging favor, (r the road money, it will be put to a Is begin to wear a Ihan they have done 1 of the revolutionury a fair prospect of » for my apparatus finning of a severe J under some apprfe- ^ate, whether it will have frequently in- tended, but have never seriously triad, to make a few stanzas like the Minstrel. I hare not, howerar, given up the plan, and perhaps I may surprise you with a sheet of them some time soon. I have bean reading some of tha political pamphlets written during tlia last year, and notwithstanding the great char- autar some of them had attained I was very much disappointed, taring's pamphlet, so much celebrated by Lord Cirenville, after a careful reading, did not appear to me de- serving of so gr'.at a character ; it assumed a question which! could not have eranted, and which experience has since proved to be false, and upon this almost all his reasoning is founded. He asserts that the Berlin de- cree was only a municipal regulation, and th> rafore ought not to have been opposed by the Orders in Council because they operate against noutrals. Now it always appeared to me that the Berlin decree was ganeral, not municipal, and it has since appeared to be so, for even the A mericans are not pro- tected from its operations. It is evi- dent, tliereforu, that as much of Baring's reasoning against tha Orders in Coun- cil as is founded upon the supposition of tha Berlin decree being only an internal regula- lion falls to the ground because this assump- tion is false. I do not think Ills reasoning more conclusire as it respects our neighbours, wiiom he says we have treated always vith a species of enmity, bee use he has not maiie out his case. Theie are, however, soma detached parts of the pamphlet well done, and were we to read thetn separately we should form a higher opinion of ti.e writer. But, considered us u whole, as a performance of powerful and logical reasoning, it appears to me exceedingly deficient and only cal- culated to dispirit those who are not able to detect its sophistry. Tliis pamphlet is so very much celebrated that you will excuse my seizing hold of it to help to fill a letter. There is another pamphlet entitled Britain without Coiiimcrce, which a so excited great attention, and which I read with much pleasure, but not with convic- tion. The reasoning is too abstruse for comman readers. t-Ie has recourse to the principles of the economist, and certainly shows much ingenuity in their application ; but by carryino; his principles too far he renders that position which he might have proved suspicious. He endeavors to sl.«.v that all the foreign commerce of Britain is of no real advantage to her. Hail he assarted that Great Britain could maintain her inde- pendence although all her foreign commerce were annihilated, I think he mi^ht have succeeded in his proof ; but when ho adds that this commerce produces no accession of strength he is without bottom. Behold • Icktaron politic! ! I did not go to ua tha Bishop. I had some little milters which drew ine aa far as Montreal, but I h»d no business worth extending my journey to Quebec. His Lordship has obtained som t additions to tha salaries of some of my brethren, which I think are judicious as they produce a sort of gradation. .Nir. G. 8. h s an additional hundred. Dr. Moun- tain, when I was in .Montreal, wanted to condole with me, bacause I had got nothing, but I stopped him by saying that I was very well off already, and perhaps better than any of my brethren, while God grantu.l ma good health. Mrs. Strachan joins me in atfactionata regards, and I remain as aver, " My Dear Friend, " Yours Sincerely, "John Strachan. " I was favored with yours of the 10th contain ng my account, and I am glad to lind tha balance on my side— it is not often tha case in my dealings witli your brethren. This letter is long enough already. I see that I must mention my boy, »ho is a Tery good fellow and more uittposed to Inugh than to cry. I seldom thin ; of mentioning him in my letters, though I make a good nurse." The next letter in the series presents Doctor Strachan in an entirely different light. He therein discourses most learnedly upon roads and road-making. "Cornwall, I3th Oct., 1808 "My Drar Sir,--I was favorad with your agreeable letter of the 3rd. and embrace this opportunity to say that your drafts for the 200 road money came regularly to hand, were immediately turned into cash, and are now going into operation. We are en- deavoring to maka a land communication between this and the lower province. Un- luckily there are two roads which rival each other, and in some degree divide the >lis- trict. One of these passes through the back settlement leaving the river a little way, about seven miles, above Cornwall, and not meeting it again till you reach .Mclntyre's. In this distance it is frequently 1-1 miles from the water communication. It occurred to me on being appointed a commissioner, that hcwever {.ood and necessary this road might be for the -eitlements through wh ch it passed, it c uld nut be so gen rally u eful as a roa I along the fron\ To rebut this, how- ever, it was said that no road could be made along the front, the bottom was so b'd. In order to ascer ain th ; fact I was at the pains to explore b 'th lines of road. I rode alo '^ the front from Cornwall to McGee'p, ami found the bottom good, being for the most part a mixture >t clay and sand, which can easily be transformed inta a good road. I i 'ft' m ' i ' ■ j f ^h m ;'')] •f'i* 1, ! 1010 LANDMAIIKS OV TOKONTO. thru croMflil to the otiior liiiu of road, 14 iiiilen l>Auk, Aiui rctuniid >iy it. Thero I fotiDtl the load rnthor drier tlmii thu front, beoAUM it hail bc4ii buttiT opouod, hut in their anxiety to liave it dry tliey liuve taliuu it along ntony ridg< ■ all tlio wiiy, and it up- penrs to mc much mora (lillioull to cUar awaf thfse stonos ihau to dituh and turn- pike the front. You see I am oatertnining you with roikdii. " I am niuuli pieaHcd with the character you give of Mr KuhscII— it ia generous and no dsubt dosfrvud. 1 munt confess having been in some degree propos.suisod against him, on account ut hin seiziiii; upon ho many officers during the time ot his pruuidcncy. " 1 holiovu 1 mentioned in my last, that tiiton reading over your account in which I find a small balance in my favor I thought you had committed a niistalce against your- self, and that I was ten pounds in your debt, but I at length perceived N. Y. at one sum and Hal. at the other, I am just sitting down to write my letters for Scot- land. My son is a dnc child, gets fat and continues (;ood natured. His uiotlier joins me in kind regards. 1 am, ** My Dear Friend, "Yours Sincerol}", "Jons Stra(;han. "P.S. — Mrs. Valentine requests me to beg that you will have the iioodi ess t > write in any of your letters to nio the state of the late Mr. Uray's atfairs and i ow thev pro- ceed iu setllini; tho claims As ahe is in- terested a detail ot matters would g've her satisfaction. J. s " The Mr. Cray mentioned in the t*. 8. was Solicitor-General lor the province. He had been lost with many others in the schooner Speedy, which on Novitmber 4th, 1 804, sank during a great storm on Lake Ontario with all on board. There is only one more letter in the col- lection of Mr. Wood's correspondence, from which the foregoing have been taken, and that deals more with matters of private than of general interest. Shortly after it; was written Dr. Strachan removed to Y'ork, where, for nearly sixty years longer, he was a leading spirit "Cornwall, Deo. 6, 1808. " My Dear Sir, — I had resolved before this time to have entertained you with a part r f my continual ion of lieattic s .Minstrel, but I now write, and tiiat work is not begun. Of all my projects this has met with the greatest number of delays and I have no prospect of commencing it soon. When I was last in .Montreal the printer consulted me about printing a book on aritiimctic, and requesting me to point out which I thought the best. As I ha : drawn up a system of my own, 1 told him I uoidd not ailopt any tliAt hi) could print in my hcIiooI, but that if ho wished tor one hotter iidaptod for the business of this country, I would send him mine to print, and I should take acnnsidrr- altle number of copies, without demanding anything for the copyright, lie gladly ao- oeptod this proposal, and on my return homo I began to prepare my manuscript, but I lost part of it by a foolish accident, and the remainder did not please mo, so that I have been for three weeks employed in arranging and composing a new work. The rules and definitions would not take me long, but tho great number of examples with their calculations (tables of ditTurent kinds are more tedious than I had imagined) or my indolence might hare pre< ailed upon me to have declined tho undertaking. I need hardly mention that tho time I can spare is Tory limited. I shu!' cp.tainly make an at- tempt to continue the Minstrel when this work IS put to i)res8, which I think \«ill take place about the beginning of Ful ruary. " 1 shall send you the plan of my Arithmetic in my next. I am yet poudering upon some part of it, and 1 shall trans- ndt a copy the moment I receive any from tho printer. " I have written all this to exculpate mo froMi the accusation of indolence, which i seldom deserve and which 1 am not ambi tious to attain, but v hich my frequent promises to begin the Minstrel justly exposft me to without this apology. "I send you a parcel of papers as usual for which you will gel the needful done. I have also sent a sot of bills drawn in your favor, which, if you do not want, you can burn. I have drawn also in your favor upon Mr. Cliewett for .£'200, cf whicii I advise him. I have not received many letters from .Aber- deen this year.andhave been disappointed of some books that 1 looked for from thai quarter, but disappointment will happen. "It would seem that tho embargo of our neighbours, which has proved so beneficial to this province, will be continued. This nation (American) is cutting a most despica ble figure, and if the Spaniards succeed they will nnd their situation exceedingly dis- agreeable ; the good sense ot the people, however, is Ixginning to ralh;, and may per- haps, soon force their rulers < o give up their prejudices and their obstinacy. My little son grows, and is very good humored. Mrs. Strachan thinks him a paragon, and I think him well enough. She joins me in kind re- gards. I am "My Dear Sir, " Yours Most Sincerely, '• John Strachai*. ' In the first portion of the letters addressed LANDMARKS OF TOKONTD. 1017 Mr, oat Sincerely, John Stbachai*. ' the letters adJreased to Mr. Wooil wera CfitiuiuinicntidiiH from II on chiefly in tliu higher r>«iikH *>f life in the early colonial il'iyn, liiit in i'4 tiVKlcitt from the two folliiw iii}{ opintloii addriHscd to Mr. Wood ami indited hy »"criiiiU" named Solomon ileVH, wlio uppoari to inixo been no onc'M enemy excupi his own, the genii.t lias liy im mcknii iMicome extinct even in tliiH in ilr. "ii rlr period. The tir.->t letter, bearing date 3rd June, i\. I). 1808, runs at follows : *• T9Mnii' OK TIIR LiVINd, '* 4lli day of Interment, " York Prison. "SiK, — Hoping you'l (sic) ixciise my f reat lilierty in addrcHHing you these few lines, bui as an unfortunate prisoner wishing; to inform yuu i^ my being itcrsuaded of your humnni! disposition k you well know the alloM (iiii-o of a person in my situation. I wrote to Mrs. Marian to obtain some cover- ing 3l some other things. She in conser^uence got some things ready to send me & a mali- otous person by the name of Henry Hale called upon her ft told her a fallshood (sic) that I told him that I lost $40 troo (sic) intoxication, of the money that was stolen on a bed at her house. I'll pledge my exist- ence that I never spoke to him in my life or even know him if ho was shewn to me. If, sir, as a Magistrate, you can put a stop to such malicious proccedingM will render ser- vice to an unfortunate prisoner. I wish tu hare two witnesses brought io trial in my behalf, the one resides at Barrett's Tavern, his nnmo is Kuton, he ia a joiner by trade, the other resides here.hia name is Hatchellor, he was listening to the discourse when Boukcr was wanting a certain sum of me to lett (sic) mo go. Wishing you'l render me all the services in your power with due esteem I have the " Honor of remain your obedn. " Humhlo servant "S. Hkys. "Alexander Wood, V,Si\." Matters seem to have gone hardly with Mr. lleys, for we hear no more of him until November 30th, 1809, a year and five mouths latei, he having, according to his own statement, been in jail. It is to be hoped that Mr. Heys' strong point as a schoolmaster was not either Eng- lish grammar or spelline. The sentence, "I have taken too, this year and will take every year more or less as the emoluments of my income will permit," is about ax delicious a specimen of English " as she is spoke " that can be well imagined. The letter is given rerbatim et literatim. and if it does not particularly interest it may possibly, if not probably, amuse a good many. ** Sib,— Hoping you'l not be offended with my liberty n addresNing you these lines. I titke upon ino to return yuu thanks for the kiiul aii:twcr of my letter, that I received at your store yesterday, your goodness towards me I sliall never forget, you wish to be in- formed where I am at board, i have tieen boarding in Mr. Jacob (.'orners since the day 1 was I pleased from prison the first day of this present innntli, & I at>siire you Sir lean produce a C'ercilicate from him as well as the whole iieighlxtrliorid of my brhaviour, such as sobriety and liwiustry, since I iiave been amongst tiiem I li vo not even tasted spirituous li<|Uors, alltho there is a tavern ngiit at hand. I pledge mys If sir, to you that I moan to be steady in my situation I have a tract of land allowed mo with my .school House which I shall have Cultivated to thf best advantage the ensuing spring. I commence my school on Monday next as the Chimney is but just finished. I iiavn no other way Sir to repay the benevolent favours that were bestowed on me when in pri.son from a gentleman of Distinction of Yoik, but by teaching a few poor children at my school. I have tak( o too this year k will take every year more or less as tlie emoluments of my Income will permit. I am sorry Sir to in- f jrm you that there is a number of Demo- crats has been wishing to Injure me in this neighbourhood. Doctor Stoyles has hemi tell ng the people here not to employ me but they Dont mind him. I was in town yesterday to see him upon that head, it is merely Sir because I once spoke in his House against Jud^e 1 horpe if I hear any mure of his insinuations I tthall ac- quaint the Attorney (ieneraL You may rely upon it ^ if you will allways hear that my beliavour will be worthy your attention as well as a Dutifnll subject remain your obed servt. "S. Heys. "A. Wiods, Esq. • About all that can bo said of this precious production is that it is to be hoped Mr. Heys' subsequent behavior was better than his grtiminar. Once more docs Solomon Heys figure as one of Mr. Wood's correspondents, and hia letter dated April 10th, 1810, will well re- pay perusal. Mr. Heys appears to have iiad a great objection to "Democrats." It will be news to the representatives now re- tiding in and near I oronto of Messrs. Humberstone and Sheppard to learn that their grandfathers were such notorious characters. However, we have it on the authority of Solomon Heys ttiat such was the case, and as "he was beloved in his neighborhood" it must, perforce, be believed. . las, another idol shattered, the characters of Thomai !■: i ih 1018 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. V*;; i ! ■•' II III' Huoibcntone and Sheppard gone, all other testimony to the contrary, notwithstand- ing. '* YoNOE Street, April 1st, 1810, "Sir, — Hoping tliese few lines will find you enjoyitig good healtii. at the same time w ishin^ to Iiiform yuu that I have Com- menced a new quarter. I had a great ScutHe with a ft-w Democrats down the sfreet, Messrs Ilumlierson, Siiepperd &, Co. ,troo the Moans of Tom Stoyles. Inn- keeper of York, they wanted to vote me out, but I gciiiul the Day. I am beloved in my neighborhood. 1 shall plant 2 aores in potatoes this spring. I am agoing with my Enrnings to Erect a Small Ilouse to keep School in 18 by 18, a frame building Cost about Sixty Dollars & whan Circumstances rrmits I will kecj) a Circuln,fing li rary. am very much altached to this neighbor- hood. If, Sir, you .should have any Old Ltritish or Caledoinan Magazines, Geo- grapuys or newspapers, I sliould thank you for some. With K'jteeiii rt-main, •'Your Obed Servant, "SOLO.MON HeYS. "Alexander Wood, Esq." Messrs. Humbarson in above letter should read Messrs. Humberstoue. A brief business communication oomeFj next from Colonel Short of H. M. Imperial forces, who had been suddenly ordered from Y'ork ♦;■!• Niagara. " Ni.\r,ARA, 13 April, '13. "Dear Sir, — Will you excuaemy oinittir^ in the hurry of leaving York giving you a drafi for your account. I find there is a balance due on Mr. Crooks' account which I now iend. I hops Mr. Hamilton v/ill give it you in a short time as I have written him on the subject. " 1 am, Sir, •' Y'r very Obcd' S rvant, •' W. C. t^lIORT, Lt -Col. "A. Wood. Esq" There i3 one letter in this coirespondence from Colonel Smith, administrator of the province from June 1817, until Augu.st 1818, and again from March until June 18*20. It is on a purely business matter and is as follows : AMHKRSTHrROU, Oct. ISth, 1801. "Dear Sir,— You herewith have an order on Mr. Dunlop for £24 lOs 4d, whicli, with the imount of my order on Dr. ISurns, will, 1 ■Selieve, make the sum you cliarge me with, i received your lett: r inclosing i.iy account with you, just as we were on the move from Kingston, otherwise it should have been answered from that place. As Mr I'uiiis promised me that my account with liiia should be paid in .lune last, I hope the order on him in your favour tvill be paid and that this mode of adjusting the account between us may be perfectly satisfacto y, "And believe me, dear sir, "Yours truly, "S. Smith." There are some letters in this correspond- ence written by various parties to Mr. Wood respecting the disastrous emigration scheme of the Earl of Selkirk, The first is from Mr. Alexandei- McUoney, who was the Hrst sheriff of the home district. He also represented the constituency of Glen- garry in the Provincial Parliament and was elected to the speaker's chair. At a subse- quent period he was called to the Upptr Mouse. The Eatl of Selkirk wished him to undertake tht office of superintendent of the settlemei^t or Kildonan on the Red River. This offer he declined but afterwards accepted the superintendence of the i'.aliloon settlers on Lake St. Clair. He died in 1842. At the date of writing this letter Mr. McUoncil was in England. It reads thus : " London, 28th Nov., 181 1. "My Dear Sir, —Until I see Lord Selkirk, it is out of my power to fix the period of my I leturn. I have lately received a letter from him, in answer to one anuouncins: my arri- val, informing me that be would soon be here. I thitiiv the packet and plan v\ Inch you mention have come to hand, t ough 1 cannot positively say until I see .his Loril- ship. Nothing would give me greater plea- sure than our being enabled to leave this place in company, and uidess yoi^r aiiairs require your presence in Quebec or Mon- treal, you will find the passage via New York more expeditious and :nuch cheaper. "You say ' 1 trust no vew catastrophe has happened in Judge Powell's family '.o ilave occajioned the unpleasant sensations you notice.' Thty were all in good health and spirits. The judge was at Niagara cu his re- turn from the western circuit. I do not recollect my having experienced the sensa- tions you mention. The passage from New York was certainly a boisterous one — a continued pale on the banks of Newfoiind- liiiul, the main-yard snapped in the slings with as much ease as you would I'reik a raddisii. i'ortunately, it happened about noon. For ten days we scudded with close vessel fore and luizzoi topsails, the topgal- lant masts of loih lowered on deck. The sea was so high that we could not rig a new main-yard, although a spare one was ready. We had a tine ship and a most excellent captain, the Pacific, Capt. Stanton. My sensations on Lake Ontario were other than those on ti.e Atlantic. Governor (jorc had tne kindneaa to order the Gbucester for my LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1019 r will be paid iig the account saiisfacto y. !ai' sir, ira truly, "S. Smith. " ills correspond- ian to Mr. Wood IS emigration k. The first i« ine\l, who waa e district. He ituency of Gleu- liament and was ir. At a subae- id to the Upper wished him to superintendent an on the Red i but afterwards ;eof the I'.aliioon He died in 184-2. this lettsr Mr. It reads tlius : ;th Nov., Ibll. see Lord Selkirk, the period of my ived a letter froiu )uncin2 my arri- would soon bu and plan whicli hand, t ough 1 I see his Lord- 1 me greater plea- 3d to leave this 'S3 yoi\r atia^rs Quebec or Mou- passage via New :nuch cheaper, catastrophe has family '.o have sensations you good health and Nla<;ara en his re- rcuit. 1 do not .euced the setisa- lassage from New )oisterou3 or.e — a Us of Newfoiind- led in the slings would brcik a happened about ;udded with close isails, the topj;al- d on deck. The luld not riK a new re one was ready, a most excellent It. Stanton. -My ) wera other than overnor Ijore had !l>ui;e3ter for my acoommodatinn to Kingston, but previous to the day of sailing, the Duke of Manciies- ter returne 1 via Matchedash from an ex- cursion around Lake Huron, and requested this vessel. The Governor sent me ii mes- sage stating the case, saying that he could not refuse the Duke and offering me the Toronto. This vessel being confessedly rotten, I had great difficulty to prevail on Mrs. McDonell to content to embark in her. It was Hobson's choice, that or none. I went to the garriso i and the Governor told me, that as he would be in the Gloucester himself, be would direct the master to keep company with the Toronto. On my return to town I informed Mrs. McDonell of this. H^r reply was 'What assistance can they give in a dark and stormy night ? We sailed on the I3th October, and at 11 o'clock at night encounter d a furious gale, ^^'e dared not show a rac; of sail, indeed Capt. Fish said that if we did we would go to the bottom in less than half an hour, the vessel making water fast,and the lee pump worked. We weii the foresail to clear the shoals, and most fortunately she answered her helm Ti e Gloucester,seeing us thus safe, made sail and was soon out of sight. We got to K'ngston about 2 pm. the same day. Willinj>ly would I have compounded for the sacrifice of my own life; but the prospec of seeing; my wife and children perish before mv ■ vjs was a ur.-adful thought. May that Lord who pro- tected us make me truly thankful, and may you never experience the scnsaciona which at tiiat period tortured. Dear Sir, " Your Sincere Friend. " Am; . MoDoNELL. "A. Wood, Eso " There are no mor? Ifttt is respecting the .Selkirk settteme^ts util 1810, « h' n there is one from Mr. Archibald McDonell, of Newmarket. There •'.•ere so many men of this name who filled public offices in the early years of the century, that it is impos- sible to aay with accuracy who this gentle- man was. "Newmarket, Jan 10th, 181G. "Sir,— I have been informed by one of our deserters, who left Di'mmond's Island about two months ago, and lives now with .Mr. Robertson, ihiit (ieorge Campbell is gone to Detroit I therefor*! wi.-li Capt. Livintrston to undertake the journey witli- out me, but he wants me to accompany him, »l least as far as Nottawasajja, where lie exp: cts to get some information respoclin^ Campbell. We have everything ready for our journey, and are for setting out to- morrow morning. " I in the meantime send enclosed a letter for the Earl of Selkirk, which I request you to deliver him on his arrival. It contains the butstance of what I could collect from the settlers. "I remain, Sir, Your Humble Servant, "Archd. McDonell." 1 here are two other communications re- lating to the same matter, one to John Murphy, in care of .Mr. Wood, and the other to the Earl of Selkirk, himself, from >l. Leys. They tell their own story, and are as follows : — "Montreal, 19th Dec. 1816. "Ms. John Murphy, " S-R, — I am instructed by the Countess of Selkirk to acknowledge the receipt of your letter to her of the 9th instint, and she desires me phrtioularly to notice to you that slie feels greatly pleased at the pros- pect your return to Fort William aflords fier of Wilting t) his Lordship, having com- munications of importance to transmit For this purpose it will be necessary, and her Ladyship especially desires that you will remain at York until her despatch for his Lordship shall reach you. " She farther wishei you to let her know the object of your late expedition, the in- structions you acted upon, and the manner executed, who the prisoner is, and what has been done with him. "The post houi. being at hand,! have only time to say that I shall be glad to hear of your success and that your services will en- title you to tiie approbation of the Earl of Selkirk and all others under whom you act. 'I am, sir, witn best wishes for your prosperity, " Your Most Obedient Humble Servant, "Henry Forrest." York, 22 June, 1818. " My Lo.s.d,— I had the Honor to receive your Lordship's letter of the iOth inst. ! he affidavits of the deserters and others from the Red River Settlement taken by Mr. Wood in 181G, with oiher papers respecting your Lordship's affaiis, was left by Mr. Wood in a sealed packet, which I have this day put into the hands of Mr. G. Ridout aa your Lordsh'p directs. " 1 have the llono. to be, " My Lord, Vour Lordship's "Most obd't and very humble Serv't, " John Leys "The Earl of Selkirk, Montreal." There are several interesting letters trora ditlVrcnt members of the .Macaulay amily lo •Mr. Wood. In that dated April'inu, 18ltt, the Mts. I'axton spoken ot in the '*3t para- 1(120 LANDMARKS OF TORONKv. h J 1 Wt Si''! r? giikpli was the widow of Ccptain Paxton, oomin.aiider of tha achoonei- Speedy, which, with all on board, was lost on Lake Ontario October 7th, 1804. "K7NOSTON, April 2nd, 1316. "My Di:AR Sir -I had the pleasure cf hearing from you by Capt. Fraaer, eutlosing the rent from Mr. S., for which accept ny best ihauks. I am in hopes tLat it may be in my power to pay a visit to York soon, « ith either B. or Mary, who are desirous to gee it and our friends there, particularly Mr. .\fc(iiir3 family. I have heard rather more favorable accuimts of his health than formerly, which ^ivos me much satisfaction. "I'ropertv continues to rise here, at least does not fall. I trust tliat many will be disaj^pointed in the re;iioval of th« seat of (iovi?rnment. If they are, many sad couuten- anoes will be seuii umaiinys" old svtore, adjoining P. 'Liniiths, rented tl a other day for ,€130 per aKini.i.^. ; that property i=i now Mr. Sewai t's (sheritV. ) '■ In giving to otliors wo learn that the Hou e did i.ot forgot to niaUe a better pro- vision for members than formerly. This maj be butfp.ir. "If you should see Mr. Montizambert will you say that I had a letter from Mrs. M. enclosing, one for himself, which 1 keep lest it should miss him V They were all well. " The l!i8l;op is to pay a visit to us early in the summer: ho goes to England via New York. The ladies expect to leave Quebec in June. All the property is to be sold, which includes the bishop's valuai le library. If Dr. Strachan is not apprized of this, you can mention it ; probably he would wish to pur- chase some ot the books ; and to the doctor and Mrs. S. remember us kindly. " We have beard of the late ti.arriajjo at York. Our parson tukcs another partner, it is saiil. in May or Juu". "Mr. Robertson, the proprietor of the house I now live in, wishes to take possession of it soon on account of .•iendiuL'; his daughter to school. I have some •no.spect of getting » part of Mr. Patton's .•-mall house This is in evRiy respect very uiii'omfortable, but at pre/sent I havo not any alternative. " Believe me t > be. Yours very truly. J AS. Macaitlat. " Alex, Wood, Etq , York." 'I Vie nexttwo letters ri ust be read together, that of the lator date explaining tlie first. "Kingston, 16th February, 1816. " Mv Dkar Sjb,— The enclosed mtmorial was enclosed to me by my father, but I left York before its arrival, and it was in conse- 'jiience returned He is just now detplj* fiigaged in otUcial dutien, and requests me t« forward it to you, a good opportunity of- fering by .Major Kirhy, and begs you will be xo good as to lay it before the Council, and do tlso best yon can to secure a lot for him at this place, as the fifth of an acre will ensure a saving of two hundred pounds. " A number of people are about to set off to York, and you will get the news of the day much bettor from them than I can de- tail it. In iac;t littlo is to be heard jus now and less looked for. " Tha family is quite well, and only in- commoded by a prospect of being turned out of this house. " All ioin in best regards to you and wish you to convey the same to our friends the McG ill's. " In the greatest haste, believe me yours sincerely, "J. S. M/tfADLAY. "Alex. Wood, Esq." "Kingston, March 5th, 1816. I " My Dkar Sir, — James wrote you a few I lines v.'hich I intended to go by Major i Kirby, but he had just left the hotel before I arrived. The letter was given to Mr. Nepiield, and he assured mc it had been de- livered. If so, I think there mu.sh soon be an answer to the memorial which was en- closed, .lames weuld have presented it had he i;ot to York before his departure. The house I now occupy has been purchased by Mr. Robertson, who intends to reside in town on account of his children, and I have in vain searchea for another, nor do I see a prospect of getting a house of any descrip- tion. In expectation of the seat of Govern- nnnt being removed, property is rising here daily. 1 met a per- son from Quebec, who intends to carry on a tobacco establishment; for L/Qni- mings' store and wharf £200 is demanded, for a corner lot about the centre of the town, without a house, £1,000. If I remain here some small building of my own will bemri, comfortable than this very uncomfortable state of suspense, and as I had dr.ring the war considerable duty with the militia, and still continue to have, I cannot think llie applying for a viwn lot any way unreason able. " Barns is still at his place. He has beei. detained en account of a violent infl;iminii- tion of the oye, but has a prospect of pm cecding to Quebec in a few days. " You will hear that Sir Gordon Drum mond has dissolved the House of Assembly, and it is probable you will see his speech before this reaches you. I underslund that tlie House at York manages matters in a more satisfactory manner, to the advantage of all concerned. "When afavor;>ble opportunity offers, you w ill oblige me by giving Mr. Scarlett a hint about the wocd. Mr. Irvine tells me tlio [ begs you will ore the Council, ) secure a lot tor h of an acre will red pounds, e about to set off the news of the ,1 than I can de- o be heard jus ircll, and only in- btiing turned out ) to you and wish o our friends the believe me yours . s. Mm;aulay. [arch 5th, 1816. s wrote you a few to go by Major t the hotel before ^as given to Mr. ne it had been de- ere mush soon be al which was en- ire presented it had 8 departure. The leen purchased by tends to reside in lildren, and I have her, nor do I sec a ae of any descrip- the seat of Govern- sd, property »• 1 met » per who intends to lishment; for «-/Un\- t'iOO is demanded, J centre of the town, If I remain here ly own will be mn- very uncomfortable I had dr.ring the ith the militia, wi'l cannot think Ui>' any way anreascii lace. H« has ben. a violent inflamina a prospect of pv" ew days. Sir Gordon Drum House of Assembly, will see his speech I understand ihat ages matters in » ier^ to the advantage lortunity offers, you I'Mr. Scarlett a hint 'irvine tells me tho LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1021 Indians have now sleighs for carrying it off, and those fellows always cut down the best ot t o younc: trees. As I si ill anticipate a resi.dence at York I am anxious to save that (les'jription of timber and of course the other also. " Major (Tle£»g is cominct out a? (Jen. Wilson's aide-de-campibut we liavenot heard whether the General comes to this or re- mains in the Lower I'rovinca. "Major-Gen. Younjj; is dead Sir George, they say, 'is in bad health. " We liave not any particular news at this place. 1 send this by Mr. Monti/.ambert; he 13 this far on his way '.o York on public business. " I remain, my dear sir. yours very truly, "J.\9. M.it'AULAY. " My kind remembrances to my friends with you. " Alex. Wood, Esq." The Mr. Scarlett mentioned above was John Scarlett of the Humber. " Sir George. " refers to Sir (Jeorge Yonge, alter V. honi Yonge street is named. The l?.-t in the series is from the late Sir .lolrn iieverley Robinson. His anxiety to see his own proofs is not to be wondered at, considering the way in which, in those now far awav oays, "copy" was dealt with "oy t'lie T" inters. " OcTOHEU 20, 1829. "My I)e.\r sii;, — I Bt...l you the copy of my charge which tlie Grand Jury rerjueste 1. I will thank you (in whatever paper it may be inserted) to see that ut the top it is stated ' Published at the request of the Jury :' because I have no desire to figure in our newspapers upon my own mention " Will you also be so good as to let me (if you call) have the proof sheet to examine, licyause these printers make terrible trash of vny thing ; and at Niagara the Grand Jury gave my charge to honest Andrew Heroiv to publish, wlio made barliarous work oi :t. It is too bad to be made respon- sible for what one dues not say. I am, my dear sir, " Very Sinrerely Yours, " .Jo»\ B. Koni.vsoN. "Alexander Wood, Km].' To this i? appended the following note from .\)r. Wooi liimself to the printer : "Sir, — T'lie (Jran.l Jury for the Home District Autumn Assize.-i particularly request that you will insert in your wiiicly circ ulat- ing journal the very excellent and coinpro- hensive charge delivered to them by his Honor the Ciiiet Justice. " 1 have the honor to be. Sir. "Your Obedient Servant, " Alexandek \\ ood "Mr. John Cary, printer." CHAPTER, CCLXV. A £CRAP OF HISTORY. Tbe Fight nt Brnver »:iiu Tlii> Pnrt Takeit III it by Col. l'ii/,»il>lii»ii— >lr«. se- cortl's Daring I'.xpluic. The story oi the litfht at Beaver Dam is an interesting one for Canadians. What Col. Fitzgibbon did makes a bright r*g« '" I audKhau history. Few, if any accounts of I the event are given in extenso by Cana Han writers. Thi.s article from an old maga/,ine gives some i.iteresting details : — As soon as (ieneral "Vincent had, by his rt'inforceineuts, and the successful issue of the niyht attack at Stoney Creek, been re- lieved from the embairassing situation in which he had been placed, ha actively re- commenced oU'enoive measures, placini,' the right divJF'.on of hi.s little force under the commana of Lieutenant-Colonel iiisshopp, who pushed forward detachments, and took up two positions, commatniing the cross- roads at the Ten-mile Creek and the Beaver Dam. It was arrangetl, by preoncerted signals, that their stations could readily sup- port each other. Dearborn, finding that these manncuvres ha I very materially cir- cumscribed the range of his troops, who were now < ompelled to live on their own resour- ces, determined to check further encroach- ments on his ease and despatched Lieut. -Col. Uoersilcr with a detachment of nearly seven hnnilred men, from Foit (Jeorge, to attack and disperse that poition of Col. Ihsshopp's command which had taken up their position in a stone iiouse near the Peaver Dam. This ile- taciiment consisted of thirty men of the one- hundred and-fourth, and Wire in oommun ication with a party of Indians, who, under the conin»and of Clapt. Kerr, and .about two hundred strong, occupied the woods. Col. Boersller in this inarch came unexpectedly on this body of Jndians, who, lining the wood, tlieir numbers partially concealed by the cover, immsdiately attacked him. The thirty men of the 104th soon camo to the assistance of Captain Kerr, and a warm skirmish ensueil, which liad lasted for about two hour-, when Col Hoer.stler, dreading an ambuscade, commenced a letreat towards Lundy's Lane, but was inime.liately attacked from the woods by a small body of about l^^ enty militia, under t ol. Thomas Clark, who, accidentally passing, had been attract- ed by the firing. Col. Boerstler now began to tliink that matters looked serious, but instead of retreating as fast as he could ha sent for reinforcenienLs to Fort (Icorge, six- teren miles distant. While waiting for Vj arrival of these, and making good his position, Lieutenant FitzgibboD, of the 94th, arrived un tlie fi&!d M!i'H f s! 1022 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. (if we may apply tliat expreBSion to a beech- wood), and atter reconnoitring and hearing that t'cinforcemcnts had been sent for, this officer determined on tho bold step of sum- moning tii6 / mericans to surrender.* This proposal, doubtltas very much to Lieat. l."'itzgi'ubon'a surprise. Col. Boerstler — seeing no prospect of escapint; or saving his wounded, who \^ ere by this time pretty numerous — consented to, and terms of cupilulation were forthwith agreed on. Just as these were beinc drawn up Major do Haren. who had been sent for by Lieut. Fi*zgibbon, arrived, bringing with liim about two hundred and twenty men. Tliis body came up in lime to secure theprit- onersi, but not butiicit'iitly so to save Col. Boerstler the disgrace of liaving surrendered to a body which, witli the two hundred In- dians, did not half equal thatundcr liis com- mand. Capitulation of Col. Boerstler and five hundred and forty one American troops. Particulars of the capitulation made between Capt. McDowell, < n tlie part of Lieut. -Col. Boerstler, of the United States army, and Mafjor de Haren, of his Britannic Majesty's Canadian regiment, on the part of Lieut. -Cul. Bisshopp, commaiuling the iulvance of ';hc British ; respecting tiie force under the com- mand of Lieut. -Col. lioersller Article I. — That Lieut. -Col. Toerstler, and the force under his command, shall surrender prisoners of war. Article IL — That the officers shall retain their arms, horses and baggage. Article 111. — That the noncommissioned officers and soldiers shall lay down their arms at the head of the British column, and shall become prisoners of war. Article IV. — Ihat the militia and volun- teers, with Lieut Col. Boerstler, shall be permitted to return to the United States on paroles. Andkew McDowell, Capt. of the U. S Light Artillery. Acceded to and signed, P C. HOKKSTLKR, Lieut, -Col. Comn auiting Detachment United States Arn y. P. V. DE H.^RKN, .Major Cana. Secord's own words :— "1 shall commence at tl^s Battle of Queenston, wliere I was at the time, and the cannon-balls were flying around meiu r.vcry direction. I left tho place duiing the engagement. After the battle I returned to ( Queenston, and then found that my huoband I had been wounded, my houiiB plundered and I property desuoyed. It was while the Ameri- cans had uos.session of tho frontier that I learn - I ed the plans of the American cuniBiander. and determined to put the British troops undir Fitzgitibon in pussossion of them,and it' possible to save the Uritish troops from capture or perhaps, total destruction. In doing so. I found I bhou'.d have great difficulty in getting throut;h ;he American gua'ds. which were out ten miles in the country. Determined to per- severe, however, I le> rnrly in the mormnpr. walked nineteen mil-s in the month of June, over a rough and difficult part of the country, when I camo to a field belonging to a Mr. De- CMinp, in tho neighbourhood of the Beaver Dam. By this time daylight had left me. Here f tound all the Indians (ncaniped ; by mooulighi the sc ene was terrifying, and to those accustoii - edto s'ich scenes, might be considered grand. Uponadvancing to the Indians they ail roae. ami With .-^oine yells, said 'woman,' which made mo tremble. I cannot express the awful teeling it gave me; but I did not lose iny presence of mind. I was determined to persevere. I went up to one of the chiefs, made him understand that I had great news for Capt. Fitzgibbon. and that he mu'-t let me pa^s the camp, or that he and his party would be all talcen. The chief at first objected to let me pass, but finally assented, after rome hesitation, to go with me and ac- company me to F'tzgibbon'e station, which was at the Beaver Uam, when I had an interview with him. I then told him what I had coifie for, and what I had heard— that the Americans intended to make an attack upoti tho troops under his command, and wou'.d, from their su- perior ni'inbers, capture them all. Beneflltingby this information, Capt. Fitzgibbon formed his planr accordiDgly, and captured about live hun» dred Auierican infantry, about fifty mounted dragoons, and a field piece or two was taken from the enemy. I returned hone next day exhausted and fatigued. I am now advance.! in years, and when 1 look back I wonder how I could have gone through ao much fatigue, with tho fortitude to accomplish it." (Certificate.) I do hereby certify that Mrs. Secord, the wife of Jame.s Soeoid, K-q , of Chippewa, did, in the month of June, 1313, walk from my house in the Village of 8. Davids to Decamp's house i:i Thoiold, by a circuitous route of ab ut twenty mile.><, t)i.rtly through tho wo.ids. to acquaiut mo ihar the enemy intended to attempt by surprise, to capture a deinchmetit nftho4yth regiment, then under my command, she having obtaiiicd such knowledge from good authotity, iiS the events proved. Mrs. Seccid wa.s a per.son of . ■'light and delicate frame. ,iiid made the effort in weaihcr excessively v\arin, and LANDMARKS OF TOKONTO. 1023 gained so much ■d by him over informatlo'i t Jamo* Secord, ittpenston, who ihat place (l3tU 5 sources, of the 3ps to surround ly. which con- ,ei)t oE Che 49ih and a small i(j 50 of mounted iilty of reacliinj.' related in Mr>. commonce at um ras at the lime. ig around n>e in lace duiing the J 1 returned lo at my husbancl 1 plundered and hiie the Ameri- tier that I learn- comaiander. and iti troop3 under im.and if possible :rom capture or In doing so. 1 Hculty in getting 3, which were out aermined to per- in the morninpr, ; month of June, :tof the cotintry, zinK to a Mr. De- )d of the Beaver lad left me. Here I ped ; by moouhghL to those aecustoii - considered grand. IS they ail ro=e. anil ti ' which made, mo ,he awful feelinj? it presence of mind, ire. I went up to understand that I zgibbon. and that IP, or that he and The chief at tirst finally assented, » with me and ai- station, which was had an interview what I had come hat the Americans ' upott the troops u';d, from their su- all. Beneflltingby gibbon formed his ired about five hun^ lovit fifty mounted or i«0 was taken led hone next day am now advanced c\i I wonder how I «uch fatigue, with X." Irs. Pecord, the wife liippewa, did. in the lorn my house inine )ecamp'8 house m lie of ab ui twenty voodB. to actiuaiut Ided to attempt by Ichmeiil of tiie4'Jth Inmand. she havitia Jjni good aiuho'ity, llrs. Seccrd was a lo fiRine. .u.rt made Issivfcly warm, and I dreaded at the tins also shown, built iuto the «iu? ol the hill fauiug the creek, aud iu which creek, as it came dowu iroui Daveuport hill through the McGill pro- perty, was exct'Ueut trout tishiug. The log cabiu showu at the extreme rear of the cleared 50 acres wm.s occupied by the farm mau (Forbesj iiud liin family. Iu the immediate ueighbourhood ol' the cabiu was a swamp, where there was excellent 8uipe shootiug. In tlie torcst uoi'th of this to Bloor street deer were pleutiful, and they as well oh the snipe were frequently bagged by Mr. Jarvis aud his friends of an evening after dinner. In this forest was a he.'ivy growth of hazelnut bushes, from which circum- etance, no doubt, the place was named Hazel Burn. During the rebellion ol 1887 many amusing scenes were witnessed at Uazel Burn. It was suppoeied the rebels would enter the town through these woods, aud a guard was kept for sev- eral days and nights on the grounds.- On one occasion when tlie guard were enjoyiug a supper well on in the nigiit they were alarmed by the report of a musket discharged by one of the isen- tries stationed in the neighbourhood of the stable. When the guard turned out they found that a sentry had challenged several times what he thought was a mau moving towards him iu the dark, aud receiving uo reply to his challenge, he had fired and killed a calf that wa^ grazing amoug the trees. The carriage etaudiug in the yard, as show^u by the picture, had a history. It was brought to this couutry by Lady Sarah Maitlaud, and when she and Sir Peregrine returned to England it was purchased by Mr. Jarvis, aud wan iu coi>;^taut use till as late as 1865, when IrODi age it became unserviceable. It is supposed to be still somewhere in To- routo. Many other remiuiacences of the old place might be recorded, but they would be of little interest to any but those who were acquainted with it in those days, and who enjoyed its hospi- tality, which was proverbial. In 1846 there were private theatricals at Hazel Burn. The names of all those who took part are familiar : HAZEL BUItN THEATRICALS. On Twelfth Night, the Thespians will pei- form live scenes from Sheridan's Ooinady of THE RIVALSl DrantatLi Peroouae. Vlrs. Malaprop, the aunt ol Lydia Mifi« Eliza Fitsgeraid Lydia Languish, a scntiinentnl young lady Miss Emily Jarvis Julia Melvillo, the ward ol St. .An- thony MUs Iivinjf Lucy, Ljdia'.s maid Miss Jarvis Sir Antlion.v Absolute, ;i tf sly as laat aforesaid shall be made to the said John Ritchey without the consent and approbation of the said Jesse Ketchum aud Thomas Silverthorn, first provided m writing to the said D Arcy Boulton, William Henry Draper, James Grant Chewetc and George Duggan. "Fifthly — And it is hereby declared and agreed upon by and between the said parties of the first part or the survirors or survivor of them, or the executors or ad- ministrators of the survivor shall or will pay, or cause to be paid, to the said John Ritchey, hia executors, administrators or assigns, so much money as the said extra work and the materials used therein shall reasonably be worth, cost or amount to ; anything before contained to the contrary LANDMAUKS OF TORONTO. i0'2y .he said Jolii) s said parlies survivora or oil tors or ad- luvivor should portormed or ihurcli than i* MUider written asc tbe parties e BurviTors or xecutora or ad- or shall or will o the said John iministrators or the said extra ed therein shall or amount to ; o the contrary thereof notwithstanding ; siiliject, never- tiieless, to this proviso, tlmt such dircctiun and payment for any auuh oxirii work shall not bu in any mannerconstraed into a waiving or breaking of the«e articles of agreement in iny manner whatsoever. "Sixthly —And it is hereby oorenan ted and agreed by cdid between the said parties of the first part, and the said John Ritchey, that if any dispute or difTerunco sliould happen CO arisn between thorn touching tiie said church hereby agreed to be erected and built as aforesaid, or touching or con- cerning other matter or thing whatsoever relating to the work hereby contracted to be done, or such additional or extra work, if any, or touching, or concerning the con- struction or meaning of these presents ; then such dispute or diflcrence shall be left to the determination and award of three indilfereiit persons, one to be named by the parties hereto of the first part, or the sur- vivors or survivor of them, or the executors ur administrators of such survivor ; another by the said dohn Ritchey, ids executors, ad- ministrators or assigns, and the third by the persons so first chosen, immediately or within ten days after notice of such dispute or ditierence ; and if either of the said parties of the first and second parts shall by any writing under their or his hand or hands recjuest the oiher party to refer any such dispute to arbitration , and to no- minate any tit person or persons to be ar- bitrator or arbitrators on their or his part and behalf, and the party to whom such lequest shall be made bhall for the space of ten days after such request shall be made refuse or neglect so to do, or refuse or neglect to execute a paper as arbitration bond, then, and in either such case, it shall and may be lawful to and for the person or persons chosen as arbitrator or arbitra- tors by the party making such reque:jt as aforesaid by any writing under his or their hand or hands to choose some person to act as arbitrator for the party so neglecting or refusing ; and the persons so chosen arbitrators as hereinbefore is mentioned thereupon, and within three d ays after- wards proceed to choose nu umpire ; and the major part of such arbitrators or um- pire shall within one week from the time of such reference mak« an award in the matters to be referred to them, with power, nevertheless, for the said major part of the said arbitrators and umpire from time to time to enlarge the time for making their said award ; fo as the said enlarged time shall not exceed one calendar month from ihe time of such arbitration first com- mencing ; and the uaid award shall be final and conclusive on all parties thereto, and in particular if either of the said parties shall have refused, declined or nckrleuted to be- come a parly to such rofereiice after such nature as aforesaid, the (lartiex so refusing or neglecting shall bo bound and ooncludeil by uU the proceedings therein, and by the award to be made therein in the same man- ner to all intents and purposes as if the said party had been actually a party to tli« said reference and joined thfrein ; and for the further and better enforoiiig the per- formance and observance of every or any award so made as aforesaid the reference or submission for, or in respect of tlio same, shall from time to time be made a rule of His Majesty's Court of King's IJench for Up- per Canada, according to the statute in such c ise made and provided. " Seventhly— And it is hereby further agreed by and between the said parti 8 of the first and second part, that the act or deteiminatinn of the majority of the persons herein- before named of the first part sliall be con- sidered and taken as the act of the whole of the said pirties of the first part. " Eiglithly— And it is hereby further cove- nanted and agreed by and between the par- tir.s of the first and second part hereto that in building the said church the said party of the second part shall be at liberty to make use of all such ground as shall be open and not in use for graves, but that in no respect shall be allow any materials or other things to be placed in or upon any graves or tombs within the church yarL,'. " And the said Jesse Ketchum and Thomas Silverthorn do hereby for themselves, and for, in and on behalf of their executors aad administrators, covenant, grant and agree to and with the said parties of the first part, and the survivors and survivor of them, and the executors and adiuiiuslrators of such survivor in manner folio a ing : that is to say, tiiat the said John Ritchey shall and will veil and truly expend in work and materials for the said church the said sum of one thousand pounds, so to be an aiiced as aforesaid ; and further, that he .iliall and will within the said time above limited for so doing, well, truly and faithfully build and in all things complete the said church according to this !igreement hereinbefore con- tained, and according to the plans and speci- fications hereto annexed. " In witness whereof the parties of thess presents have hereunto set their nands and seals the day and year first above written, and in the second year of his Majesty's reign . " Signed, sealed and delivered in ihe pre- sence of " John Strachau, S. Washburn, George K l< HJ Mi If if: * 1 i I) ■ H I '■ ■^ ^. ■< IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^121 125 U« Ui2 12.2 li° 12.0 us Hi u ami L25 II! U 116 Photographic Sdences Corporation ^ k^' <^ ^**»' ^.v 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WfJiSTM.N.V. U5iO (716)S72-4S03 '^ ■^ ' i»,'i»^.'!"win;.i|/i»^^ii,,)j"iv --"nr* 1 1)30 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 8© rtCT ^ ■ ^ •• 1 M n ^ •> ^ fe .^ ^ i; ^ s ^ . R ^ O °1 J5 ^ •^ t: & j^ ^ r fc 1 ■* '« 1 n ^ ^- ^ * -> 'sj ^ Ok s ^ |o fe J£ 4S o i^ i: 2J ! fe § ! i:; ^ F[ jska OBODM) KLOUR OF ST. JAMKjS' CAlUliDKAL — 1831-3!>. ^K^mrnm^ wmmm mm'm ^Pippwfip^r" LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. 1031 r^4^^^- Pufif(an, Joha Ritchey, D. Boulton, jr., Robt. Stantoa, Win. H. Draper. T. O Cbewett, Jess* Ketohutn, Thomas Silver- thorn." (The name of Mr. Chewett having been throu({hout inlcrlined. ) ••Dimensions.— The size of the said church to be (exciur line t o feer. eleven inches tiiick. i'artly foimed choir walls to be three feet below tiiei;round line, and from ground line to ground floor line four feet high and two feet tiiick. Ten piera for columns to be built three feet square from foundation to floor line, and ten pieri to be built for the sleeper beams two fe't square from foiuid.i- tion to flour line ; all these foundation walls are to he built of good rubb.e vtork of lake stone to be laid on their natural beds and well bedded and bonded in good strong mortar. ■' Walls— The tower walls to be four feet thick, trom the ground-floorline to the top of the entablature— hen two sets-ofif to bo made at the top of tho base of tiedeutal of six inches i acli ; each eaving tho thickness of the walls of the pedeatal three feet thick TIih tower to rise one foot above the ridge of the roof and the stone cornico, and bricking course abuve that, making the whole hi-i;;ht of the tower •ixty two feet, six inches from tho floor line. " Side walls to be thirty-six feet high from floor line to the eaves, to be three thick op- posite the piers, and two feet six inches ti«- tween the piers. '• End walls to be two feet eight inches thick opposite the piers, and two feel two inches thick between the piers. "(lablc walls to be one foot six inches thick. The whole of the above walls above the ground-lino are to be built on the outside with regular course- Kingston hammered a'.;one, and the inside with lake stone, all well bedded and bonded, and kept straight and plumb. •° i he iiiside partition walls to be built of brick, eighteen inches thick the tirst storey and fourteen inches thi'.k on the se ond storey. " Water table— A cut stone water table to be put all around the building sixteen inches thick, well weathered down from the face of wall, well tooled jointed and set " Windi ws, etc. — The jambs, heads and sills of all the wit dows to oe out stone. " The base moulding and cornice of ihe pedestal of the tower.the recess for the clock, the door sills and chimneys abuve the roof all to be of cut stone, well dressed, cat fair ami square, well set and bedded aud l)onde same manner as 'he wall? of the buildings, four feet below the •;round line, built up witli stoiiu rubble work to reo^'ive the cteps aiiil laiidi'.igs The whole of these st>'p.s and landings to tfte live entrances o \r cornices ; and entablature to be %« urked and the niche head of the communion reces.s to be panel- led; lathing and plastering of ceilings, par- titions, etc., to be of good, double, narrow- split pine or cedar latlu. •' Painting and glazing— .'\11 the painting necessary for the intideof the church to be three-coat work ; the glazin:^ to i a dune in a neat manner, well bedded with black putty. "Carpentry — To prepare ;ind fix four tier of sleeper beams, ten l)y sixteen inelie", to run lengthwise of tlic church, and to be well bedded on the stone piers built for that pur- pose and prepare and tix ground floor wall plates, two and a half by ei.ht inches, bedded o i the walls. Trtpare and flx a good floor of joists, liiree and a half by i n ill!*,WW f^r^mipm^ TW 1032 LANDMARKS OF TOROMO. fonriotn iticlu-s, and two faet from centre to centre, utier of wood blacks and bond- timbers for all the openings, wiiore necessary for the fixing of all the joiners' work, and delivered to the mason in time to be built iu the v^alls. Make and fix all the centies for the inasous. and proper lintels for the apertures where necessary ; prepare and fix ten pine posts to be set on the oak tensplets, well bedded on stone piers, which said posts are to run up and frame into tiie principal rafters; prepare and fix a tier of wal:-plat<>8 for Kullories, six by ten inches, and to be well bedded on the wall. Prepare pi uper timbers for the two sides and end Kallery, and well frame said timbers into the principal-posts and cocked on to the/ wall-plates, and tilled in with joists framed two teet from centre to centre. " The roof to be framed with six pairs of principals and properly trussed, with Ki.i(( and Queen posts, collar beams, etc., and to be well framed and secured with iron, suit- Able to the sise of the building, and to be covered with one inch and a quarter inch boards, square jointed, and eighteen inch good pine shineles, laid four and a half inches to the weather aud painted with two coat dark color ; ^ood bold moulding, hori- zontal and raking cornices ; to prepare and properly fix to timbers built in for that purpose, and the parapet to be of wood properly prepared and fixed; put two tier of oak beams in the tower, and two beims in each tier, cocked on to the wall, plates of oak also framed, at the amtles. A floor of joists with one and a half inches rough floor, laid on the top tier of the said beams. Twelve windows to be made and fixed in the two sides and west end of the church, with proper boxed frames and sunk sills ; two inch sashes, franked and donelled, to be made in three heights ; and the top and bottom sashes to be hum; with iron weights, brass puUics, and patent linos ; to be eight squares wide and twelve hich to the springing, ten by fourteen glass, with circular heads— all properly wrought and the frames well bedded in the walls. A circular headed window to Im made aud fixed in the communion recess with niullion transom r. il, sunk and mouled pilaster, prnprr boxed frame and sunk sill, two inch sashes properly made twelve squares high aud nine do. wide, eleven by fifteen inch class, the top sash in the centre part to he hung same as the other saslies . The four windows east end to be twenty four heights, each ten by twelve >:lass; the upper two windows to b< circular heads, to be properly made and single hung— two small windows to be made and fixed in the tower above the roof with solid frames bung with butthingee and fastened with two bolts. Prepare and fix angle beads to all the windows to receive the plaster, jambs, as high as the springing of the arch. An4 prepare aud fix proper grounds for the plastering where necessary throughout the buildincr. Pre- pare and lay a one and a half inch batten floor, wrought, grooved and toneued and well nailed throughout the ground floor. And prepare and ilz two good substantial staircases to lead to galleries ; the steps to be twelve in- ches wide and ris ■ about six and a half inches, well blocked and framed carriages and done in a substantial manner. Prepare and fix one, one and a half inches skirting, ten inches deep throughout where necessary, with a good, bold moulding ; frame in and fix proper beures and risors for the step- pings in the galleries vhrough- out ; and prepare and lay a one and a half inch floor, wrought, grooved and tongued throughout said gal- leries, all well nailed and secured. Prepare and fix stout rabbited door frames Do all the outside entrances with two-and-a-half- inch doors, moulded both sides with good bold moulding and raised panels, finished with one and a half inch jamb lining and soffit to correspond with the doors and pro- Eortionable double faced architraves, and old band mouldings finished on plinths ; prepare and fix a good proportionable frontis- piece to each of the side dot>rs, and a suitable iron rim'd lock with biass knobs put on eacii, and to be properly hung with suitable hinges. The principal entrance doors to be made folding ; the centre doors between the tower and centre aisle to be made folding also, aud the whole of the inside doors to be two-inch framed panelled and moulded, jamb linings and soffit to correspond, and the finishings all to be the same. The four in side doors at the east end to have u seven inch lock on each, and the three doors at the other end to have a door-spring and handle on each. Prepare and fix proper ribs for the centre ecliptic ceiling, and aIso over the said gallery, twelve inches apart, to re- ceive the lathing ; frame and fix a stud- ded partition to form a proper curvu for the communion recass. Prepare and fix proper ribs from top of the said partition to form the niche- head and ribs for the panel- ling of the same to be got to it True curve and put up in a proper manner a platform tu be raised in the said recess, with two mould steps in front and a floor laid throucrh- w^ f^W "^I^^V^^HMIiVMpMI^BIIflP^PMlHpMPMip LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. \olt8. Prepp.re Che windows to as high M the [ prepare aud fix >Iasterin({ where buildinir. Pre- lialf ineh batten id toneued and the ground I and i'tX staircases to s to be twelve in- and a half inches, arriages and done Prepare and fix es skirting, ten where necessary, i(( ; frame in and ors for the step- vhrough- lay a wrought, said gal- Prepare frame* Do all two-and-a-half- leries and floor, lughout secured. •t h sides with good 1 panelk, finished jamb lining and he doors and pro- i architraveb, and hed on plinths ; >ortionable f rontis- ide doors, and a rith biass knobs perly hun^ with irincipal entrance the centre doors intre aisle to be le whole of the 1 framed panelled nings and soffit the finishings The four in to have u seven three doors at the spring and handle fix proper ribs for and »1bo over the ches apart, to re- and fix a stud- a proper curve Prepare and fix e said partition to ribs for the panel- to it True curve manner a platform recess, with two i floor laid through - n FT. "W?^ sT55P?P^ ■ • ^T?»7W?^:5risj71-^7'-Jjg^pJP*T^ 1034 LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. •at Prepare uid fix a pulpit, neatly fram- ed and panelled and moulded, supported by Ionic columns with carved capitals aud moulded basett, and geometrical •tairoase, moulded liaiidriil, to be titted up with walnut and tinished in a neat, work- neanlike manner and well secured. The readins desk and clerk's ditto to be framed and panelled with walnut and corres- pond to the pulpit an>( nnishcd in a neat mauuer. I'repare and fix iO Ionic column properly glued up.of sutiicient thickness.aud well blacked, properly wrought and dimm- ishcd each t o have proper carved capitals ; two half ones sides of communion to have m'>ulded bases ; and prepare uitd put up two small columns under the end gallery to lie wrought solid and to be tiuished in tiie same style as the large ones. Prepare and fix a moulded plancif r over top of large ooluii us to be continued round the build- ing ; and prepare and fix proper bracket- ing for tne plaster entablature over the same, and prepare and fix a framed and panelled plancier round under the gallery beams ; aod put a proportional entablature all round the bottom of the gallery front ; prepare and put up the galbry fronts of walnut, about two feet nine inches high, framed, panelled and moulded witli a neat cornice to be continued round the side aud end gallc.ie:i ; fit up the gallery pews to correspond to the height of the fronts ; the outside framing and doors next to the aisles to be framed, panelled and monhled of one ano a quarter inch walnut; the backs and partitions, etc., to be framed ant. Junies' and their doings that is beinz writ- ten, but of the building itself and of those concerned in erecting it. For rather moru than eight years this, the second St. James', was in use when the end came. About 8:30 on January 5th, 1839, a dense volume of smoke was seen issuing from on(; of the chimneys of the church. Shortly after the flames burst through the roui and quickly spread their devastating ravages throughout the sacred pile, Tiie rest of the story will be best told in the following extract from a private letter writ- ten at the time describing the occurrence : — " The appearance was both awful and sublime us the flames cauirht the oillaia aud .^.. W^"' • ,T»' ..■^*.Tw- .■ ■■■ " p i, .mii4i^|p^|||g||| 1 1 1. 1 fi^pnpipipii w afterwards gave \nf;lican church of id of which church D'Arcy C'ayley, ia I great grandson, ey, is one of the (rsity. Queen's printer, a ts of the highnat. ras the Chief Jus- e now adorns tho dich has succeeded tld. James Grant t Governtncnl otfl' erbla department, el Chewett, of tho ame, with that uf to the address of eutenant Governor tht. :.liat is beins writ- itself and of those For rather moru second !St. James', came. ' 5th, 1839, a dense n issuing from one church. Shortly through the roui their devastating sacred pile. Tlie ) best told in the private letter writ- ; the occurrence : — I botit awful and 2\\t the pillats auJ t '1 !1 rr^^'"^^^ ^imm^^m T?^ mmm^nm .^ ■>. - , ;.;':'-^-..;. o.-- • , ■ ' i . - ■ , ■■ ■:''.".' ' ■ ■>■* /' ' d eJg^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^H^HHjGc V -.^^uH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HuA ' f iS^gS ^^^B^ ^^^^^^^^^Bl . / :■■ ■\ • '''1^w''^?S^^^Hr*^''-' ^r 'fl^*« ■ ^^^^^^^■■Ci*'* " -^ , . .' ,.'\ '.: n??^!^Hma||21K^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bv''< >,. ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^ \ . , '.^ • , ' ' '<* ■ '^BH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HPr^--' ' '^^SnHBVB|IK|^^l|^B'^l|B^ ^' ,' ;. ,^^^Vv7^^ "^tp ■■^B^~ ' . " v' PL*"" " • l> tV; '■'*•''' •.■'^■'■; ■■.'"'■. '. j- ■' ^S/^' ■' " " ^^-''' t'-' " jl^^^^^^^^^^H 1 «^g99H9HEflB ■ ■ J..'i' /."■./^■, .. .\ ■.■,.'* . WILLIAM HKLLIWELL. (op. 103.'). wm '^fPPPP^ ^1^^ ^1^^ wmi^^l^mj.f pi.i^i iwiiiw LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. io:» (op. 1035.^ the Eallerien. There were but few things aavctl from the devuuring element, which vonliiiiied its devastatiug course until it Ifit the bare walls a sad and frightful spec- laole cf this grievous calamity. " All classes of the people vied with each other to asiiist in saviui; the editicu from destruction, but their labors were unavail- ing. The number of spoctatora was im- nteose. The niiliiia m.tintaincil excellent order by tiieir admirable management in keeping the roads open for the supply cf water. Tlie 1or4 of the or;{an waa deeply and bitterly denlored. The building wab insured for $30,000." The church was at once rc-bnilt, but was tgaiu destroyed by lire in 1849, and re tiiaced by the present structure two years later, re-arising like the fabled FlKunix from its own ashes. CHAPTKU CCLXVIII. A UANADIAN PIONEER. Kenlalseeaccs er One of Toronlo°» Ohirst lieiliers - HIm Early llayK, Kdiirallitn anil Varied Experieuce— Men be llns Known. William Helliwell, the subject of itus sketch, was born in 1811, at Todmorden, Yorkshire, England, and was in the same year baptised in the Cross Stouc I'arish Church. He was the son of Thomas Helliwell, who married in the early days of the present century a Miss Lord, from the same county in England as himself, both the father and mother of Willibm Helliwell > elou^ed to families who were dependent for their living upon the band loom cotton trade. When power looms came into general use, just as the French Treaty of 1860 destroyed the Coventry ribbon trade, so did their intro- duction ruin the hand workers in the cotton districts. When Thoias Helliwell lef^ the old country, John Fielding, subsequ .-ntly one of the cotton lords of England, bought his premises and they afterwards formed a part of the extensive ptemisos occupied by the Fieldings The law of England at the time of the de- parture of Mr. Helliwell from his birth- place prohibited the emigration of niauu> facturers, so it was necessary for him to leave Bn land without any announctment of his intention, and this he did, sailing from Sunderland on the northeastern coast, his family following him a few weeks later from Liverpool. Thomas, his eldest son, ' oweve , remained some montiis later than tiie rest ot the family in order to finally wind up his tdther's atfairs in England. When Mr. and Mrs. Helliwell settled in Canada their family consisted of tive sons, Thomas, John, Joseph, \\ illium and Charles, and two d ughters, lietty, afterwards mar ried to John I'^astwood, and .Mary, who be- came the wife of Colin .Skinner. The lirst place in Canada at which '.lie Heliiwells resided was Lur.dy's Lane. There they remained four months, when they re- moved to Johnson's Corner, now Drum- mondville, for the purpose of keeping a store. But before reaching Lundy's Lane ami a'ter leaving Liverpool ;.h<) tlelliwells had much to endure and no small amount of hardship to undergo. 'I bey sailed from Liverpool in ti e ship Abconu, belonging to Portland in the State of .\' aine, U. S. A. , in June, 1818. Coming out of port the captain of the si ip and the pi ot disagreed, and through the neglect of one of them, or possibly of both, the ship ran aground in the Mer- sey, and as the '.ido went out was left nigh and dry. She was at last got off, but was found to be making water very quickly. tHer crew were greatly alarmed and refused to proceed, so that there was nothing for the captain to do but put back to Liverpool, which he did, the vessel's pumps being kept constantly at work. At Liverpool they remained for three days to effect repairs, then again set sail for New York, which after a voyage extending over six v eeks was at last reached. Here, however, fresh troubles beset them, as the captain of the ship failed to fulfil a portion of his engagements with his passengers. Of these the whole of them, with one singiu exception, were einigrantd. It is to be feared that tlic solitary cabin passenger must have had anything but a lively time. Many of the Abcona's passengers, instead of at once resuming tiieir journey to their destinations either in Canada or the Unit»-d States, remained in New York for the purpose of taking legal proceedings against the captain, but the Uelliwells did nothing of tlie kind. They obtained a small boat from the captain, into it put them elves and their goods and soon landed at Fertham Bay, N. Y. From there they sailed to Albany and from theuoe to Schenectady. From the latter plaoo ihey shipped in Durham hoats forOsvtego and reached that port after a tiresome journey of several days' duration. While on ther jourm y troui Schenectady to Oswego, when even ng approached the bout halted and was moored fast or the nigiit, the whole of its occupants camping on the river bank. After a very brief re»t at Oswego tlie I 103(i LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. IIcUiwellH sliippeil for Lcwisttox, which was ■affly rouched aflur a very stormy pas- tiigi*. At L«wi»toii tliey ware met hy Mr* Kiuiwuud, who cro8!iod with them to Vueeiiatou, from whence they went to Luiidy's Lane. It was Kitting towards the latter end ot August, and Mr. William Hclliwell relates how {greatly interested he won in all he saw, and bow m ell he recol- le iHt concession Scarboro', and there removed with tiis entire family. Mr. Helliwell built o'l the binks of the Don, near York, in 1820 a brewery and distillery, and tiicre carried on business un- til his death in 1825. When that occurred his widow and sons continued both con- cerns until 1840, when Mrs. Helliwell re- tired from all active part in the business. She died in 1843. Upon her decease the firm became Thomas Helliwell & liros , and remained so until 1847, when a dissolution of partnership took place. William Helliwell when this took place bought from the Clercy Reserves lot 8 1st concesriou Scarboro', situated at the Hi<.h- land Creek, whcie he has resided ever since. No sooner, however, was the purchase effect- ed than Mr. Helliwell found that there were two people who had an honest claim upon the estate. These were the late Colonel K W. Thomson and William Cornell as re- presentatives of Parshall Tcrrj', who had been drowned in the Don nianv years prpviously . E W. Thouioon was a son- in-law of Parshall Terry and William Cornell had married his widow. H-iwever, Mr. Helliwell satisfied himself that the de- mand made was a just one and it was duly se tied .Many of William Helliwell's reminiscences are most iuterestinu. >Vhen he tirst went with his father to the Don Valley, wolves, bears, wildcats, and other species of wild animals were to be found iu plenty at almost the very doors of the mill. He can remem- ber how Indians, I elonging to the Missassaga tribe, encamped on the banks of the Don so near its mouth as whore Taylor's pap r mill is, for the purpose of fishing and hunting, aa recently as 1831 or 1832. As a younar man he often drove to Toronto or York, as it then was named, in early morning, sometimes accommodating with a scat beside him in his light waggon a lad not so very much his junior, who has since achieved distinction as a teacher and historian, then a pupil at Dr. Stracban's sehool, the venerable Henry Scadding. .\mong notable people whom Mr. Helli- well has met and conversed with, as they at various times visited the brewery, were Sir Usregrine and Lady Sarah Maitland, the former of whom was Lieutenant Governor of the province and the latter his wife. The spot must often have served to remind Lady Sarah of her English home, Goodwood, the Duke of Riolri'Ond's residence, as she looked upon the hills and valleys, then covered with trees clohed in luxurious foliage, which were to be seen from the brewery, while the river in the distance surely yet noiselessly made its way to the lake be- yond. Llesides these, though, at a later dat«,cam« Sir John Coiborneand his military secretary, Colonel Rowan, often accompanied on horse- back by a party of ladies. The Bishop of Toronto and his sometime pupil and life- long friend, Sir John Beverley Robinson, uc- casionally called at the brewery and partook of a glass of the ale brewed there, as they chatted to William Helliwell at the door. Mr. HelliM'ell knew others whose very :>ames even are almosr forgotten, who were nevertheless notable in their day. He knew and well remembers Hugh Christopher Thomson, of Kingston, who was proprietor and editor of a newspaper published in that city sixty years since, besides being a iliem bcr of the Provincial Parliament for Fron- tenac. He knew David Thomson and his wife, of the latter of whom it is recorded on the tombstone in the Scarboro' churchyard that ''.She was the Mother of Scarboro'." Many of the hardships Mrs. Thomson en dured now nearly a century since, when she and her husband first went to Siarboro', have been related by her personally to Mr. Helliwell. . He has conversed with William Allan. /v^- mmi^ LANDMARKS OF TOHONTO. \W and it WM duly ifreU's r«mlnl»c«nc«i hen h« tirttvent on Valley, vroWei. ir epeclee of wild 1 ju plenty •t »lmo»l 11. He o*'> remem- i,g to the MiMMBag* mnksofthc Don w Taylor's p»p r mill hing and hunting, $32. ten drove to Toronto a named, in early ommodating with a hi» light waggon jh bis junior, who notion as a teacher ipil at Dr. Strachan s lenry Scadding. le whom Mr. Helli- ersed with.as they at De brewery, were Sir Sarah Maltland, the Lieutenant Governor e latter his wife. The lerved to remind Lady lonie, Goodwood, the Bsidence, m she looked vallevs, then covered in luxurious foliage, In from the brewery, e distance surely yet way to the lake be- |gh,at a later date.camft This military secretary, accompanied on horse- ladies. The Bishop ot letime pupil and life- Beverley Robinson, oc- ic brewery and partook brewed there, as they elliwell at the door. iw others whose very at forgoiten, who were in their day. He knew ■rs Hugh Christopher ,n, who was proprietor paper published in that Ijcsides being a Ifcem Parliament for Froii )avid Thomson and his whom it is recorded on Scarboro' churchyard Mother «f Scarboro'." ,ip3 Mrs. Thomson en century since, when she T9t went to Siarboio, her personally to Mr- with William Allan. le who wax Ik Tory among Toriex, and also with William Lyon Mac enzie, who was the very reverse, lie was acquainted with men of such directly op osito opinions ah Dr. Holph and Chief Justices Draper unci lia crman. Alexander and Joseph Dixun and George (iurnett, all bygone I'oronto worthies (though so lon.j suice that tliey and their doings are now but a faint memory) were all well-known to him. Besides these the three brothers, John, William and Clarke Gamble, the latter of whcm II lone .survives, John Henry Dunn, Thomas Gibbs Ridout, Dr. Widnier, Col. Fit/.gibbon, William Henry lioulton and (jcorge Gooderham were among his ac- <[uaii>tances. They have loni; years ago joined the great and silent majority and yet .Mr. Helliwell is still here hale and vigorous. At the time of the rebellion, in the year 1837, William Helliwell was gazetted to a captaincy in the 1st Regiment, North York Militia, Colonel Cameron being commanding officer. He is now of all the officers in the regiment the only survixor. Mr. Helliwell has been twice married and has a large family of sons and daughters. He is famous for his hospitality, for his kind- heartedness and his never-failing fund of anecdotes and dry humour. He was ap- pointed oversrerof fisheries for the County of York sixteen years ago and still hobls that position with credit to himself and the county. It is to be hoped he may bo long spared in health and s rength to discharge its duties. CHAPTER CCLXIX. AN OLD LOTTERY SOHEME. The PropesMi lu Bnlse funtlH for the t'oii- Klrarllon uf the 1oroul«, iiiliucoe and Burou Kallwny. In the days of 1849 it was legal to hold lotteries under an act of the Canadi>tn Parlia- ment which received the Royal assent in 1849 In England this principle of raising money had been adopted in oonu' clion with the art unions, and the idea was imported to Canada witli the view of raisins; money for the building of the Northern l^ailway, or. as it was then known, the Toronto, fSimcoe and Huron Railway. One of the old prospectuses ot this scheme has turned up, and although the proposal to raise funds in this manner never materialized, the document is unique and worthy of re- production. The gentlemen who were pron.otcrs of the scheme were all prominent citizens of To- ronto. The word "tirago" signilios "diaw- iug," or, in other words, a lottery. TORONTO SIMCOR AND HUUON R A I LRO A D UNI ( ) N C O M PA N Y. r.NIO.V (»K INTKHK>TS Capital $.'.iKM),iiii(i. An extensive Canadian H lilroad Union Tiragn. Founded upon the principles of the Art Unions of England, specially antliorized by an Act of the Provincial Parliunient.l'Jtli Vic, rap. 109, and sauctiun id by the Royal assent of Her Majeaty in Privy Council. July .Vi/h, IS.'i'J. Containing $2,U00,0 a o o c o a « (s tt KC s a V O O t) ESSE w *^ *.* *J o_o_2 o .S* si "3 "3 "3 "3 "S* a « 09 tt 00 2 fl .«j «j «.j *j «A 3 a a =! ■i S im S efin't-T \/S M a "v £ i vtl i "*wirM WIFW ^wijfrrwTr ^Wf^ I '•'!»« 1038 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Contributior.s $20 pkoIi ; hah en nnrl quar- tert ill proportion. Sorip will be ivsueil for allotmeiils within 40 days after iha (lray Toronto to the West- ern States sliorter tliun any utiicr by several hundred inihs, the diHtanoc across the peninsulii iicin^ only about 8U miles, thus avoiding ilie circuitous and dunijerouH route by Lake Krie and the soutliern siioro of Lake Huron. It is presumed that when this line of rail- way is finished it will be the best paying •toek in North A mcrica. Applications for tickets (enclosing remit- tances) to be addressed, post paid, to F. C. Caprkoi., .Manager. Union Tirage Hall, Toronto, Dec. 1st, 1849. Mr. F. (. Capreol, the manager of the enterprise, was the projector of the Northern Railway, an enterprise that has brought millions of tons of freight and u myriad of passengers to the city since its opening. Toronto, October 8th, 18.')1. The ceremony of 'turniiif; the first sod" of the Ontario, Simcoe Sl Huron Railroad being appointed to take place on Wednes day next, the 15th inst., in the presence of his Excellency the (iovernor-General, the Countess of Elgin, and other distinguished personages, the civic authorities of the city of Toronto and the contractors and diiec- tors of the road have decided upon "inle- brating that important event ; they ti... i- fore request the honor of your company at a procession and other intended ceremonies on that auspicious occasion. R. Dkmpsey, A derman. A. y. Hrow.v Committee of Invitation, Georcsk IUrkow. CHAPTER CCLXX. A Ueiuiaiscence of the Old Market Sqnare. Fiftyseven years ago, on the occasion of the coronation of Queen Victoria, it was resolved by several prominent citizens of Toronto, to have a, public least, during the day and a general illumination of the town at night. Mr. Wm. HcUiwell, ot Highland Creek, one of the few spixtators left, in talking of the eve. t says : — The market then was a square, with the butchers' stalls facing this square. T>«^' .. was a largo gate or entr nee on King street. Front street and East and Wast Market street*, the centre of the square being occupied by the farmers. To carry out the celebration, several tables were placed in this square or court, i he butchers stalls were vacated, decorated with evergreens, and converted into booths, where tea, coffee, etc., were served to the citizens. The tables were loaded with all kinds of eatables, beef, mutton, pudding, pies, etc , contributed by the people, the most noticea- ble gift bcin/ a huge plum pudding, fur- nislied by Chas. Daly, who was *hen clerk of the Council. This pudding weighed over a huiulrea pounds, anu was two days in boiling, and turned out mcst satisfactory. Tliere was also an entire ox roasted, the cookinn being done in the basement of Judge Sherwood's house, which stood then where the lioa d of Trade building now stands, on the corner < f Yongc and Front streets. The Sherwood house had been pulled down some inontiis b«rtore, and w hat remained of the basement was used m a kitchen to roaet the ox. On coronation day the ox was well cooked and placed on a sledge, which was drawn by four horses, gaily decorated, and driven by a prominent citizen, noted for his loyalty, Nlr. James thrown, the wharfinger. On arriving at the Front street entrance of the market the four gates were simultaneously opened, aud twu military bands, stationed ou the bal- conies, overlooking the square, struck up "The Koast lleef of Old England, ' when the expectant crowd marched in and the good things provided were served by Messrs. Ceorge Percival Ridout, Thomas D. Harris and other gentlemen of the town. Every one contributed his mite. The hardware' stores lent knives, forks and .spoons ; the crockery stores plates and dishes; beer \«aa supplied by the Messrs. lielliwell, and it is creditable to remark, says Mr. Heiliwell, that although everyone was free to eat and drink as they pleased ihere was no abuse of the privilege. In the evening there w ere fireworks and a general illumination, and every window in the town and its suburbs had a light of some kind. The festivities were kept up to an early hour of the morn- ing, a day of rejoicing, without accident, that will be remembeied by many of our citizens whe are still to the fore. "fnrr ■I " » ■■ ^w»^w^ III WP.pi^lJ^IIHIIBIB^j LANDMARKS 01'' TORONTO. io:» [nation of the town ; Highland Creek, s left, in talliin>,' of market then was a s' italU facing Ihia •ge gate or entr nee rcet and East and the centie of the I by the farmers, ition, several tttblo ninion. The Parliamentary library at Ottawa ha.s a complete tile of the Quebec llaziffi , and in the Ontario library there is a partiiii file of .Montreal papers. The follow- ing is a list of the newspapers published in Upoer Canada, now in the newapapor room of t'iie library at Ottawa : '1 he Chrigtian lierorder, for one year, from .March, 1819. to February, 182U. The ChHreh. a weekly paper devoted to th>3 Church of England in the provinces of Up|>er and Lower Canada ; folio volumes .3 (1830) to 17 (1854) ; published at Cobourg until 1846 and afterwards at Toronto. The Monthly Review, devoted to the Civil (Government of Canada, from January to Ju y, 1841. ijee Hodgins' Life of Dr. Ryer- son. p. 265 The Kingston Chronicle and Gazelle, from July, 1840, to June, I84'2 ; 2 volx The British Co/o/ttW, punlished at Toronto, l)v Hn^h Scobie from February, 1838, to iJui.Uitiy, I8o4 Bound in 15 vols. The iiriit two issues appeared undoi' the 'itle of " The Scotsman. ' It was afterwards ctKiiiged to the " British Colonist." I he Packet, published at By town (C W.) now Ottawa, by Mr. Harris (1854). Begins with vol. Ill anl ends with vol. ti The Ottawa Tribune, published at By- town (Ottawa). From first issue, July 23, 1854, to April 25, 1862. The Cnion. published at Ottawa. No. 1 of vol. 2, March 30, 1859, vols. 2, 3, 4, complete up to March 12, 1862. Canadian Agriculturist, published at To- ronto ; vols. 1 to 15, 1849 to 186.1 York Almanae and Royal Calendar of U. C. for the year 1825 York, 1824. Toronto Almanac and Royal Cale.idar of Upper Canada for the year 1839. A Iieac Iiost Watch. Mr. Wm. Helliwell, of Highland Creek, relates an incid nt of nearly seventy years ago, connected with the story cf a watch that was lost for fifteen years. Mrs Smith, tlie wife of old Uncle John Smith, now gone to his rest, lived at the old homestead on the east side of the Don, in a house that was recently torn down. On one occasio.) Mrs. Smith had to come to the town of York to transact business and put up at the Sher- > ourne House, on Kins street east, near Caroline street (Sherbourne), which was k'pt by a Mr De Forest. Mrs. S. had with her many pounds in I'.ank of England notes, a gold watch and chain, and other valuables. Durinfr her absence from th« house the money and valuables wore stolen. Search ^aa made, but no trace of the pro- perty could be found. Twelve or fifteen years afterwards, when Parliament street was opened, the Helliwell Company, who wore distillers and geucial dealers, owned the Dun Mills road Their carts and wag- gons uded to travel from the city up Parlia- ment Btree°, part of which was plunked. The St James' cathedral builder owned part of the road, and joined with the llelli- wells and planked part of the road, and the HoUiwells ttien sold tho debentures at 95 to raise money for that purpose. In open- ing the road there were many places where th y dug deep cuttings. One day a teamster in the employ of Taylor Bros., driving up the Il>.u) saw a place where. Apparently, a cow liao 'rn away the earth from the side of the platik. The man fancied that he saw a gold watch or cas - lying on the earth He cr I I not leiLve his '.. irses going up the hill. L : when he cute back tliat way he got down from his waggon and picked up a gold wacc't . which proved to be that \i hich had \k- -n 'ost fiilaen years before. The notes were nover found, although a lot of the jewellery was aflervi'ards discovered. A Lonu Drive. Mr. Wm. Helliwell, of Hi£»hland Creek, states that " on r uding the uccount ( f the old Coffin buildin;^ on Front street ai;d Mi. Wellor 8 stages, lui episode in connection with the latter in brougiit to my mind. It was the conveyance by Mr. \\ eller of Sir Poulet Thompson (afte wards Lord Syden ham, who died in Kingston), the tiovernor- Oeneral, from Toronto lo Montreal. This service was performed at a spued almost equal to that of the railway, being done at fifteen miles an hour from btart to finish. Mr. Weller had a sleigh fitttd up with a bed in it for the accommodation of theUovcrnor- (>ene: al Weller himself took the box and reins. For this service he reoeivod §400, and llie (Jovernor also made him a pre- sent of a cold watch. Mr. Weller had made arrangements for the change of iiorses at short distances all along tiie road, and these changes were waiting :eady harnessed at stated places. The horses were kept always at full speed. Mr. W eller and the (iover- nor were the only occupants of the sleigh until the former beca ne so exhausted that he could no longer hold the reina, when be took a driver with him, but tic retained hii> seat on the box to the end of the jouiney." 1 t ! ■fV'fri'i^"^' 1010 LANDMARKS OF TOROiNTO. CHAPTER CCLXXII. THE MILITARY TANDZM OLUB. Tli« Member-'.' XiiniPM— Some rniuouH Sol- illerH— Woiiilrrrul AllrmplH Ht Foelry— AmuslUK AIIuhIonm iiuti Kpiuiultcejicet. Who is there thiit lias not laughed over the proceedings of the fur-famed Pickwick Club and the subsequent doings of its famous members ? But while people hare lauj^hed, they have at the same time said to themselves that such ridiculous scenes as delineated by Dickens could never hare happened ia real life. Well, possibly some of them could not, though that is doubtful, as probably will be conceded by those readers who peruse the following account of the three years' proceedings of the once fam us but now all but forgotten Tandem Club. This club was formed as is partly implied by its name, for the purpose of enjoying sleigh- iug and encoura^ring and developing the ac- complishment of tandem driving by its mem- bers. The latter were for the most part officers drawn from the various regiments of infantry stationed in Torcnto, though there were a few others \\ ho were members of To- ronto society and not of the liarrison. The club was organized in 1810, and was com- posed of the following members ; — Lieutenant-Colonel Wingfield and Major Markham (Faugh-a-Hallagh), Captain Brooke (Erin-go-Bragh). Captain Osborne Markham (Ursa Minor), Lieut. Dickson (Nora Creina), all of the 32nd Regiment. Lieut. -Col. McBean, R.A,, (The Governor), Capt. Holliday, 93rd Highlanders (the Cobra), Lieut. Colville, 8oth Regiment ( Hiroudelle), Lieut. Bamford, 73(d Regi- ment (Tally Ho), Captiin Arthur, A.[D.C., (The Age), Lieut. Doaiville, A.D.C., (L'inconnu), and Capt. Strachan (The Rivals) ' The names in brackets are those by which each members' sleigh was known. There were no particular rules bind- ing upon the club excepting that its m mbers should meet as often as the sleighing and military duties per- mitted, and that after each drive the drivers should di'ie together in the evening. A new President and Vice President were named at each successive gathering and after dinner it was tiie duty of the laiter to recount in verse the adventures of the club at their preceding drive, it may have been a week or perhaps only a few days earlier. The first drive of the season took place on Tuesday, December 24th, 1839. The mem- bers duly dined together at night, but on this occasion there was no poetry. That was reserved for a week later' when after their drive the members dined together under the Presidency of Captain Arthur, A. 0. C, with Major iMarkham, 32n I Regiment, a.^ vice-president. The Major thus describes the previous week's experiences : The snow was deep, the weather fair. And brightly shone the sua ; And every one was ready there To start at half-past one. The president appeared anon, N ot driving his turn out The cause of which phenomenon Was subject to much doubt. What was the cause, I cannot say, I never could tind out ; His team was driven on that day By Norah Creina—** Young Boot." The next half dozen verses describe the other drivers and their sleighs, and then in one verse he thus very modestly refers to himself : The last (I'm modest, as you know) Beats you, 1 think, all hollow ; I will not further praise it now— Its name is Faugh a Ballagh. It is interesting to learn from the gallant major s poetical narrative that " During the drive no corpse was made. And nought occurred particular." And that at the close they all adjourned at Osgoode Hall (then used as barracks). The vice president concluded thus : Success attend us, and conduce To make our winter gay. And may our club the seeds produce Of many a happy day. Ol ^ of two things must have happened after (his meeting — Either military duties were extremely onerous or there was no sleighing probably the latter, for the club did not meet again until January 21st, 1840, when Lieut. Bamford, 73rd Regiment, presided, and Lieut. Colville, of the 85th, was in the vice - chair. Judging from the latter'a rhymes, the club, at their preceding drive, must have had " a high old time." Among other trifling adventures, such as one of the leaders trying to kick the horse in the shafts, and finally getting loose and running; away, another turning round and looking i:s driver pleasantly in the face and finally one team — that driven by the vice president himself— conducting itself thus upon entering King street: — And here the Vice's horses seed Some sight which made them canter. mt wm LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1041 Arthur, A. D. C, !d 1 Regiment, aa •r thui describes iences : weather fair, ic sua ; y there tne. 1 anon, out aomenoa iloubt. saunot say, t; I that day Young Boot." eraes deacrlbt tha ighs, and then in nodeatly reters to s you know) II hollow ; 8 it now— Sallagh. a from the gallant I that ;orpse was made, 1 particular." ij all adjourned at 8 barracks). The 11U3 : conduce jay. teeds produce T- lave happened after litary dutiei were re was no sleij^hing the club did not y 21at, 1840. when egiment, presided, 85th, was in the from the latter'a r preceding drive, Id time." Among such as one of the the horse in the loose and running; ound and looking le face and finally the vice president thus upon entering rses seed ,de them canter. This canter soon a gallop grew, The driver pulls in vain. And Marie helps, in hopes that two Might pull up horsea twain. Uut useless is the pains they take, The horses will not stop ; Across the road tlieir way they make To visit Rowsell's shop. Poor Colonel Weill's sleigh was there. Just in the road it stood ; Su he must their diversion share. Or cut in haste his wood. The Colonel stands, and into he The furious horsea duh ; Right seldom do sttectators see So elegant a smash. After this slight "incident " in the day's proceudingd the club had a lunch which we learn included a du/.en of champagne, (it is to be hoped the ill used Mr. Rowsell and Colonel Wells were invited to join in the festivities,) and then started to return to ilieir barracks, but the day's fun was not all over even then, for another team ran away and eventually brought the sleigh they were drawing to unuttentble grief itgainst a lamp post. The end of the drive w; which were two upsets, the gallant ^oet finishes hia story thus : — ^Vhilst we were out nought else went wrong» The drive, perhaps, was rather long. For heavy was the sleighing ; Fnough's as good as any feast, Wiiic.i, m the present case at least, is a very good old saying. The day was fine and mild ; the snow I'm very much afraid will go, if it continues thawing. Tlie driver of the Hiror.delle Could not turn out (but he was well Employed with Frazer drawing). I he extra aide although he knew That we should miss tlie Inconnu, Did not appear at all ; The Rivals and the Age failed too To meet us at the rendezvous In front of Osgoode Hall And we had also to lament T he absence of the Tow, who went To London — and I find Ho travelled in his family sleigh ; Fred. Mar i; ham, too, has gone away. But left his sleigh behind. Soon may he return— his cad, Whose guiding is by no means bad, (I own he does not drive w<^ll). Turned out the sleigh and safely bore His fair companion to her door. I've now no more to tell. And therefore must my poor narration Draw to its final termination ; My ample compensation And most sanguine expectation Lie in this humble dissertation Meeting your approbation. There was no moie sleij^hiug that winter. I if n iW»pi»!|iiW ''mMjif^fim'f wmmw- 1042 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 80 the club did not meet again until the following season. I'uly iiiree members of tliose who formed the Tandem Club, in 1839-49, were included in the race of 1840-41 which waa composed as follows : — MEMBERS OF THE TANDEM CLUa DECEMBER. 1810. OLD MEMBERS. Lt-Col. Wingflpld. 32nd Koift. . . Erin Go Bragh Capt. Markkatn " Urse Minor Bruin Lt. Colville. 83th Lt. Infantry, A. D. C , Hirondelle NEW MEMBERS. Lt. Col. Airey, 3ith Regt The Black Swan Capt, Hyron, ditto Crede Byron Lieut, Mutton, ditto The Squire Lieut. Lani;, dlttj The Forlorn Hope Lieut. Talbot Le Fidile C.Roche. Esq.. ditto Lieut. Inghs, .12nd Regt Mutual ^lajor Alagrath Paddy Whack James Magrath, Esq Paddy from Cork Charles Heath, iSsq The Eagloni W.H. Boulton. Esq Humbue; The first dinner, or supper rather, took pla;Ce on Tuesday, January 5th, 1810, Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, being the presi- dent and Chaplain Markham, the vice- president. It will be seen by the poetical tffusiou of the last named official, that At two o'clock on ! hursday last, The last day of the year that's pist, The rendezrous was Osgoode Hall, A meet familiar to us all. At very nearly half past two, Our punctual Preses came m view. And having taken up his place, Led o£f th J Club with coaching grace The vice president then proceeded to relate that :— Thirteen sleighs composed the band. With D'Arcy Boulton's four-in-hand, (Heath, by- the- bye's (he riglittul owner, I beg his pardon, " Pon my honor. ') WW\ elbows square and ties so neat. Each driver, now upon his seat, Successively moves off his sleigh, And boldly dashes to the fray. The rest of those who assisted in the day's proceedinqs are then enumerated and th« gallant ca[itain proceeded thus : — The first adventure of the day W as Boulton jumping from his sleigh, And madly shouting to his groom, " The lazy brutes! Oh, take them home!" His team, altho' they were not slow. Were not the least inclined to go. And liaving p it their driver out, \>'9re sent themselves to right-about The vest of the day's performances ap- pear to have been " flat, stale and unprofit- able," and Captain Markham concluded his account of the day's doings in these words : It • • • • The day's proceedings being o'er, I named Le Fidelc as my vice. And trotted home as cold as ice. Though little competent, dear knows, To write in any shape but prose, I've whipped my powers to their test. And hope you'll say I've done my best." There was splendid sleighing all through January, 1841, and the meets of the club were very frequent At that held on the 'J,3rd of the month Lieut. Hutton, beintr in the vice chair, in rhyme rather better than the average bids his hearers : — Then list while I tell, how on Friday last Our club at two, or a little past, At the Parliament Hou^e collected. Now the Hope Forlorn at a dangerous rate Let out our train at the very gate. Not that he, but his horses selected. Now flattering tales, I've heard of old. This Hope to many fair maids has told, And 1 think it is only my duty. To tell you this much, that once of yore This identical Hope threw a lady o'er — So trust him not, Queen of Beauty. The Hope passed on, aud not very far Behind him followed the Erin Go Bragh, His horses scarce out of an amble. And V ith bin; sat there, with a snile so bright. And with eyes that might darken the sun- beam's light, The beauteous Mrs. Campbell. There was nothing in ihe rest of the Lieutenant's story to attract attention. He brought some lengthy versus to an end with these words : — " But I'll stop, for I know I've said enough. To put you all in a mighty huff. So now we'll drink the fair, — Those ladies fair who, with many a smile. Thus help us our bachelor hours to beguile, And dri e away dull care. " Ou January 26th, Lieut, inglis of the 32nd Regiment, a Nova Scotian, having been born in Halifax, was the vice-presi- dent. He in the first portion of hi.^ story re ates how the club met ami started on their way and then tells of variou.^ circumstances attending the drive, and of the following all .but sad catastrophe. He relates it by no mjans badly, and in much mmm LANDMARKS OP TOPwONTO. ii)4;{ performances ap- ;ale and unprofit- am couclnded his in these words : ling o'er, 'ice, d as ice. [ear knows, lit prose, } their test, I done my best." 5hing all through ;ets of the club hat held on the Hutton, beintr in ather better than irs : — r on Friday last >e past, ic collected. ; a dangerous rate ery gate. raes selected. heard of old, naids has told, ny duty, at once of yore «r a lady oer— n of Beauty. not very far Erin Go Bragh, f an amble. with a smilo so |b darken the sun- .mpbell. ilie rest of the lact attention. He sua to an end with I've said enough, jty huff, the fair, — th many a smile, |r hours to beguile, Vll care." but. inglis of tlie Scotian, having the vice-preii- it portion of his le club met ami 1 then tells of various [the drive, and of catastrophe. He »dly, and in muoh better rhyme and metre than the members of the ulab ^euerally indulged in. The goodly tnin their rapid course pursued. Through various streets and lanes in order good, And safe returned to honor the repast ; Set furth and hear the ta e of dangers past. 'Aiidat mirth and smiles, some dance remem- bered well, And fondly aska I for news ot dear Fidelc. Would that his hand still held his leader's rein. And spared myself and you this task of pain, Me to recount the mournful, sad event, Whilst you, with sorrow moved, the case lament. A maiden, slighted in a morning drive, Like maids nes^lected, mischief did contrive, Resolved rcvi-ngc, and to herself she said, I'osaing contemptuousiy her pretty head, '* If with the club I'm not to show my face, At least I'll see who's gotten in my place ; This single harness I'll unsettle quick — " Then, without mora ado, she gave a kick, .And started off and quite unshipped the groom, A man employed merely to take her homo ; And then, with devilish purpose madly fired, By rage, by female jealousy inspired, She through the streets a living fury ran, Nor stopped until she found the sought for Swan ; Here, with the malice of a fiend possessed, She aimed a shaft, 'tis said, at a fiiir Wi east, Hut Cupid, mindful with a godlike care, No shafts but his should ever enter there, Quick interposed the neck of .Montreal ; A bleeding victim she was doomed to fall, A willing one no doubt ; poor Montreal I Suffers in beauty's cause, pitie'd by all ! The savage maiden, still quite unappeased. Dashed on as fancy or as frenzy pleased. Smashed a new sleigh, and then at length was caught. And as such maidens should b:; duly taught. Ah ! had the Swan been sailing in his place Who knows what might have happened in that case 1 The distant club, unconscious, journeyed on, And tried the mazes of tiie winding Don ; Essayed to cross over tlie icy plain. But found it slippery, so came back again. Would that our slips in life we could recall, Find ready refuge safe, as then at Osguode Hall. Sleighing wis excellent all through Janu- ary, and the spirits of the members of the club were as high as the mercury was low, for after an interval of only three days they met again on January 29tli, with James Magrath, Esq. — there are many who re- member the genial " Jemmy'— in the respon- sible post of vice-president and poet for the evening. James wrote poetry like the Duke of Wellington spoke French— " courageous- ly." The following somewhat icngtliy pro- (luctiun was his contribution : — 'Iwas on Friday, our last day, with mutual consent. At once to the garrison each his course bunt. Where luncheon, prepared by our Pre.si8 so grand. We were greeted and cheered by the sound of the band. 'Ere the luncheon was over the clock had struck tnree, When each mounted his box, all seemed in high glee. The order in which we by rights should hav« been. Could not be kept up, as will shortly bo seen ; First, tlie " Mutual," who sported a bay and a grey. And, in truth, showed his taste in his lady that day ; But, strange, 'tis reversing the order of things. For, instead of the "Showman," a tiL'cr h« brings. Ntxt the Erin-go Bragh is seen creeping along. His two greys like the cow that once died of a song ; The second he is, number two's not his place. When we say slow and steady in tune wins the race, There is one thing which fully accounts foi the state. He was not as usual supplied with his rate. But the colonel in truth we may safely do* ride, For in lieu of the fair gave a GriHin a ride. Next the 34th Colonel for upsets is famed. Who drives his own sleigh which has never been named ; Some call it the Swan— this we doubt when we find No name half so long is placarded behind. Nigroque Simillima Cygno, some say. This in conscience is too long a name for a sleigh. The first corner wa turned all looked with suspense, When we saw the brave Colonel attacking a fence ; But seeing no danger and no cause for fear. Drove on, left the Colonel to bring up th« rear. Next is Bruin, aean pawing and taking th« place Which the Colonel has left with a very bad grace ; I * 8 ' ' " " ''i^iMif "Liiw' w'yiLypf fi;^ii^^P5r'^"^T'^w?^'^^ 1044 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. With a sharp eye on Erin, and one on the Don, He is secretly urging the slon- greys along. Thus Erin-go iiragli, who is true to a mile. Is hard pressed by Shamrocic the ilower of tbu isle Soon after the Bruin is seen the grave Squire, If his ponies be small, his good taste we ad- mire ; Suffice it to say he is steady and sure, And those whom he drives are from upset secure. Forlorn Hope is hard pressing the Squira 'tis true, But this is the way they say forlorn hopes do ; From his heaa to the Foote he seems pleased with the scene. And absent by nature, thinks all his a dream. Then next Crede Byron, to comfort, not blind. Most snugly and wiseiy takes his scene be- hind. I need not reiterate what has been said ; Suffice it remember what last week was read. Variety's p' easing is a saying of fame. But Byron's variety's taking the same. Next Sober-side James, who is broad as he's long. Ten times out of nine when he speaks he is wrong, Bat as droll a shaped being as you'll ever find, Is Paddy from Cork, hit coat buttoned be- hind. The Vice of the last and the Presis to-day, Faith but he is the boy that can show you the way ; His'true*blue companion, his own "Pattent" right, With himself filled the seat, and they tilled it light. Though the last, not the least, to abolish all fear, Whereas the Doctor, who cautiously brings up the rear ; And led by the Fairy, we safely may say. Needs no other leader to show her the way ; The doctor, thus having no leader nor lasli. Of course to his partner dispenses with trash, And trusting to Fairy to keep her own rate, Of course he enjoys a select tete-a-tete ; Not one of the club but admired his choice. For who IB there here who has not heard her voice ? Cue member in haste laid his reins on the shelf, 'Cause the horse in the lead would not go by himself ; Now we all must allow he's still one of our club, Soon the day will arrive to invite us to ifrub. When the time will arrive to address us in rhyme. And the cutting we all shall get will be sub- lime. For each in his turn has said something severe. And that all is most true is most certainly clear. He shows prudence in driving — there's, reason for care. For he goes on the principle "good folki are rare." Thus ill line we proceeded to Sugar-loaf Hill, And strange to record there was not a spill. The only occurrence we here might relate la that Paddy from Cork lost his strikr- moasure weight ; He sheepishly stopped to cive Nanny a trip. At the same time.wool-gathering, let fall his whip. And our other — the toll-man poor Paddy did good. For he forked out the pike for just crossing the road ; Thus the tandems proceeded through Judge McLean's gate And round the house drove at a furious rate ; Then next through the General's gate we all past, And one turn through King street complete! the last. Then Hirondelle, driving like Paymaster Roche, Was driving a sleigh from the box of a coach, And with him the infant, or half-penny catch. During all our drive we did not see his match. 0ed ofif without it. I mean, undoubtecUy without the sleigh ; This only proves what each one always knew, That every dog must have his day. Puppy or I'ouipey — Fidele, I or you. The gaudy Peacock next we passed, — At least all did but one, — The Mutual made a homeward cast. As if enough he'd done ; Some said, to seek his other half ; Others, more cunning far. Could scarce suppress a tittering laugit, Thinking of Kin^ street and Godmamma. Men's associations differ here below. Nor let the grave to any one's object.^ Because their vast importance they mayn't know. But rather let them ponder and reflect. Does fair Augusta curl her silken hair ? Or the Sheriff trip the boards with Emily ? Does Henrietta treen or purple wear : Does Emmie laugh, or stoop her shoe to tie ? Or Helen frown, or Mary Anne in passii ::, Raise but one inch her petticoat too high ; And may be quite unconscious- -as in Her heart she'd no suspicions of those nigh. It find& some heroes total occupation,— These are discoveries upon the whole, Useful at least in my imagination. As those of Parry at the northern pole. Or if by chance some fair her 'kerchief wave, Rub her soft hands, or cough, or raise her glove, This is a happiness too great to leave, And the afTuir assumes the garb of love' mmmm W"M m LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1047 >re luncheon that led by our face- I that's called the ick and ruiu, it now well tell, rother Bruin. be done, Dot move on. I to see, bt it, aiiffletree, out it. tiout the sleigh ; each one always e his day, ,e, I or you. we passed,— award cast, her half ; tittering lauglii, and Godniamma. herd below, one's object^ ^ tance they maynt ler and reflect er silken hair ? ^ards with Emily ? purple wear : cop her shoe to tie 1 Anne in passii ::, jtticoat too high ; Iscious-as in luspicions of those . occupation,— pu the whole, .agination, I northern pole. fair her 'kerchief Lugh, or raise her |reat to leave, be iiarb of love * Turned to the right we soui^ht the sylvan shade, The startled wood nymphs hiding as we passed, ''earful lest harsh comparisons were made — Her charms each felt so very far surpassed . The envious Satyrs strove our path to clog. So that tbe trot at times became an amble, They interposed full many a stump and log, Hoping — sly rogues — to profit in the scram- ble. If haply either we upset or smashed ; Logs, stumps and satyrs, we escaped them all. Safe throu);(h these dangers fearlessly we dashed, A«d our sweet burthens brought a^ain to Osgoode Hall. Tuesday, February 16th, the club met as usual with W. fl. Boulton, Esq., (the genial " Bill ") occupying the vice-president's chair, who straightway delivered the follow- ing poetical effusion : — Ladies and Gemmen, Humbusr comes 'Mid sounds of bugle, not of drums. To state before each sylph and don He'd been humbugged by the black Swan, Who with his usual courtesy said He'd freely furnish every head That could, in terms of course decorous, Tuesday's proceedings lay before us. All yesterday he sighed in vain When moon arose he sighed again. And 'twus not till long after nine Last night, his cad, not Valentine, Meekly pulled from his pocket long The heading of a tandem aons So be it known, on Tuesday last Erin-go-Bragli)'oot first but last, Cumn dashing torward at a pace As if his life must save his place ; For he was president, you know, On that same state day, when if a blow From Boreas bleak could state How sad it is to be too late. He'd ne'er commit the sin again. Nor cause my most good-natured pen, To blame the Queen of Heauty's graces For keeping all the merry faces At what in terms is called the meet. Each natty cad had ta'cn his seat Behind his driver, who, before him. Proposed to drive with due decorum. The maiden fair who trusts her limbs To Mutuals and Dismal Jims. Assist, oh Muses I help my rhyme, Fer now I'm only losing time. In showing how, with one intent, To buildings, the ex-Parlininent The club had gone— precisely two— The President not there— a do I And so, that all might not await Without some pretext for debate. Some said, they'd sleigh outside. Whilst others through trhe gates muic ride. The drive is then fully described at very considerable length and by no means un- pleasingly, and Mr. Boulton brougUt his story to a finisli thus :^ " And now, my fair ones, Humbug's done, This, his first race, is badly run ; When he reflects within his breast That but a few months at the best Can pass before the navigation Hurries each corps far from the station, He feels that this may be the last Of all the happy days we've past Among the (gallant military, Erin-go-Bragh, Fidele, and Airey, And that ere April's gone we're left Of all that's dear on earth bereft. There was one " meet" more though, and thus the TaLdem Club separated forever. That '* meet" was on February 19th, with Lieutenant Talbot in the post of vice-presi- dent. He thus feelingly alluded to the ap- proaching departure of the troops and demisi of the club, not forgetting a tribute to th« vice-preside.it of the previous gathering :— For true it is, ere many weeks From hence in haste we shall be starting. Ah, Humbug can but little guess, And few there are will ever know, Our deep-felt nrief and wretchedness, Our utter misery and woe. When we are forced to leave this placa To sail for En^'and's milder shore, Regretting many a pretty face. Whom we perhaps shall sue uo more. Ah ! may the bright-eyed laughing Uamcs, (There is no humbug, not a bit), Extinguish 'ere we go the flames 1 hat in our tender hearts they've lit. For else before our gallant barques, Can bring us to our destination, Tlie ocean breeze will fan the sparks Into an awful conflagration. I see my English letters say. Our Sovereign Queen is very fond [ Of goin.' out in Albert's sleigh On Royal Frogmore's frozen pond. Although no royalty we I oast, I I think it now becomes my duty, To beg you all to join my toast To our fair Queen of Love and Beauty. m ill ■?*^ ^■■•■i ■liPHMVPiMHPil up mum 1048 LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. In concluding thia P*p«r the namM ot (.'aptain M.arkhain and Lieutenant Inglis should be mentioned aa havin>{ been present at the action of St. Denis during the iJuna- disn Rebellion, when the former was severely wouuded. They in after years were comrades-in-arms anring the Punjaub campaign., when Markham oommauded the regiment. Later, Inglis also was in com- mand of the same corps, when they were •hut up in Lucknow during the mutiny and against fearful odds held out until relieved by Havelock. Of those who comprised this famou-i club but one member, Mr. Heath, of this city, is known to be alive, though there may be one or two of the otBcers still extant in the old country. But there are yet some few people resident here who, as boys and girls, remember the gallant show the handsome sleiuhs and well groomed horses exhibited. To them certainly, and probably to others who are interested in the doinjia of a by-gone period, this sketch, written tifty-two years after the events took place, will prove of some interest. CHAPTER CCLXXin. AN INCIDENT OF THE REBELLION Haiiielhiue Abwul the .Wnit %Vbo Warned Ibe Peeplr «r Toronto of the Advance of Mac- kenzie Sutton Frizzell, oi Thornhill,\onge street, was an early pettier of York. His son, Sutton Richard, was present during many of the events thac occurred in the days of 1837, particul^rlY on the night of the 4th Dec. and the mi.rniug of the 5th Dec , 1837. The reminiscences here given are interest- ing :— Sutton Richard Frizzell.the subject of this sketch, was the eldest son of Mr. Sutton Frizzell, of 'I hornhill, who had come to To- ronto, then Little York, in the old lOUth Regiment during tlie autumn of 1808, or sprine; of 1809. It was w^ith the greatest dithculty that the Commandant could procure supplies, ami to relieve this ' utton Frizzell contracted to furnish the garrison with beef. He retained tiiis contract tor two years and a half, when oi'ders were received that the 100th Regiment, stationed at Little York, should be removed to Kingston, Jamaica. Shortly after the notice of removal was re- ceived at York, Frizzell left the army. About this time such injuries were sustained by him in a tall from a horse as ultimately led to the partial loss of his reason. lu iMay, 1812, it became certain that there would be war m ith the Unite.l States. Some of the leading citizens of Little York peti- tioned the Colonel of the 100th Regiment stationed in the town to appoint a person competent of teaching men their drill to in- struct those young men who were desiroua of obtaining commissions as officers of the Militia. Frizzell was the man recommended, and his appointment was confirmed. A military school was then started. Among others who learned their exercise from him were John Macdonell, who fell with Gen. Brock at Queenston, and the late Chief Justice Robinson. At the outbreak of the war Friuell's reason left him and he was re- moved to Lancaster, in Glengarry county, but in 1817 having again become sane he returned west again. He disposed of his property in Toronto to the late Chief Jus- tice Campbell who lived at the head of Frederick street and took up his residence at Tliornhill ten miles out on Yonge street. Here his son, Sutton Richard, or Dick as he was familiarly called, attended school until 1833 when he entered the employ of a dis- tiller and breuer named Mor.an, afterwards well-known throughout America in connec- tion with the anti- Masonic excitement. While in the distillery young Rio lurd con- tracted a fondnes4 for liquor, which brought him into rough company- He was a fearless youth, possessed of extraordinary physical strength. Political excitement in those days ran high. Meetings were not the most orderly and were being held in all parts of the district. Dick was an attend- ant at these meetings, ready at any liine to fight for himself, his friends or for the British Go Vermont. In the spring of 1837 some ot those reformers who udvocated arm- ed resistance to the Government, led many persons to believe that rebellion was medi- tated. The general opinion,however,was that no outbreak would take place .-s most persons thought that no preparations ):ad been nmde for such a move. But Frizzell was of a ditferent opinion. He believeJ that many on Mackenzie's side would rebel and that some of their leading spiri s would risk their all, even their lives to enforce what they believed to be their rights. By the time the autumn of 1837 had come round the ex- citement had become intense. Largely at- tended meetings were held by both parlies at ditferent places. A place of rendezvous was Finch's Hotel, ten miles from the city on Yonge street. Tories and Reformers had called a meeting at this place for Octo- ber 16th. The day arrivea, and as both meetings had hueu called for the same day and hour, some change was necessary. Not desirous of a collision, the Reformers ad- journed to the iiouto of David Gibson, the gentleman then representing West York in the Parliament of Upper Canada. That mmm nivipi ^WPHR^^WIP ^^Wi^PfPPWPP LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1049 lOOtli Regiment ppoint a peraon llieir drill to in- lo were dosiroua M oificera of the m recommended, 1 confirmed. A itarted. Among ■ exercise from 1, who fell with ml the late Chief outbreak of the m and he waa re- lenjrarry county, become sane he ! disposed of his I late Chief Jus- i at the head of up his residence on Yonge street. ird, or Dick as he nded school until employ of a dis- or. an, afterwards merica in connec- onic excitement, ung Riciurd con- lor, which brought ny He was a of extraordinary cal excitement in Leetines wer« not \t being held in all ik was an attend- iy at any liine to riends or for the he spring of 18.37 ho udvocated arm- •nment, led many bellion was medi- i.however.was that ;o place !S most preparations i:ad |,ve. But Frizzell He believevl that would rebel and . spiri s would risk oenforce what they By the time the ne round the ex- ;ense. Largely iit- Id by both parlies jlaoe of rendezvous liles from the city es and Reformers ,hi8 place for Octo- ivea, and as botli for tlie same day VBkS necessary. Not the Reformers ad- David Gibson, the iting West York in Canada. That morning a Nova Scotian named Stephen Harvey had come down Yonee street from beyond Tboruhili bearini^ a white flag, on wliicii were inscribed in large black letters the words, " Liberty or Death." Arriving at Uibson's, Harvey planted the flag firmly in the ground, between the house and the street. Frizzell had agreed to be present at the meeting at Finch's, but two days before he had gone ino Toronto, and it was not until noon of the 16th that he recollected his promise. He at once found a man that would take him to Finch's,and they immedi- ately drove out Yonge street. They had to pa&f Gibson's. When they approached the place the flag was seen floating in the wind. The horses were stopped and Frizzell, turn- ing to his fri nd, who was a loyalist from Richmond Hill, said : "I am going to take that fla/, and if the crowd should catch me I have a job on hand. " With this hu started for it. Harvey knew Frizzell, and seein,' his object, also made for the flag. Before it was entirely clear of the ground Harvey seized the lower end of the staff and, being a heavier man but less ivctive, a fierce struggle ensued. Ho shouted for as- sistance which promptly came, but not be- fore Dick Frizzell had escaped with the flag, leaving only the bare staff in the hands of his adversary. The two haviut; made good their escape made in all haste for the hotel. They arrived just as the chairman, the late Col. Hoyd, (father of Chancellor Boyd) was bringing the meeting to a close. Frizzell and his friends were greatly elated over the capture of the first rebel fla;,', wliile Harvey and his friends were correspond- ingly nepresaed. I he ensign was torn into shreds uud fastened as decorations to the tails of horses. Even the chairman's horse was so decked. Political affairs continued to be exciting. In some places the rebels had purchased arms and be,<;un to drill. During the summer and autumn of 1837, Richard Frizzell, who was i jovial character, had a good time. On the 4th of December, he was at his home depressed mentally and physically, the results of a recent outimr. About 9 o'clock in the evening he arose and demanded his clothes which he could not And, for his mother had hidden them away thinking there by to keep her son within doors. I his however had no effect, and after searching about for some lime and Hnding an old pair of pants, old coat, old boots and a straw hat he went out into the dark and the cold. He remained away but a shorr time. He again demanded his clothing saying it was necessary for him to go to Toronto as a large body af armed men were goins; down Yonge street at that moment whom he positively knew were men bent on taking the city. Dick asked hia youneer brother Nelson to accompany him but he refused. The family thought from the apparently wild talk that he wasoff his head. They could not believe that he had seen any < ne for there was not a *oul moving on the street, nor were any sounds to be heard. Finding that he could get neither hia clothes nor his brother's consent to go with him, Frizzell left the house. Nelson followed him afterwards, but seeing his brother go north along the street instead of toward the city concluded thathewason his way lo the tavern. Frizzell, however, did not go to . the tavern, but tu I home k Parson's store that he mi.ht procure a horse. On going into the office and making known to Mr. Ttmrne what was wanted the latter made enquiry of one Richard Murphy, a young Irishman in his employ if there w.ia ahoraa in the stable fit to go to Toronto. Murphy replied that there was not nor,continued he, will " any horse leave thia stable thia night." Dick said " I suppose Mr. Thorne, you can let me have a horse without Murphy's consent. You know th ■ rebels have gone down street armed, and intend to take the city if they can." Mr. Thorne aaid he knew this, and said also that he had only just found out that over half the men in his employ weto Rebels and have threat- ened revenge if any active measi^es b« taken against them. " We have a great deal of property exposed : £ dare not let you have a horse." Though][a horse could not be got Frizzell was resolved to'reach the city if his life were spare J. As le was leaving the store Mr. Thorne] whispered to him. " Go for Gods sake, but be| cautious. " Mr. Tborne had taken Frizzell into his private office, when the latter talk took place. Murphy immediately followed and soon overtook him on the road. Every meane were used to provoke a quarrel. Murphy said he could thrash Frizzell or any other Tory on the street. Frizzell took all this coolly. He saw the idea was to prevent his reaching Toronto. Finally he thrust his hand in his pocket and said in a stern voice to Murphy, " The man that stops me to-night will come out missing." This ended the interview, and Murphy left him alone to pursue his way. He had pro- ceeded about a mile when the sound of an approaching horse was heard. As it came closer the rider who proved to be Frizzell's neighbor, Duncan Weir, a resolute Scotch- man, active and intelligent with all a Scotchman's love of freedom, drew his horse up to a walk. Ho was armed with a sword and pair of pistols. Suddenly Weir stopped, saying at the same time, "I don't know but that 1 had better arres* 1 ;>« \ 1 = 5^ "■■ m 'jE JH * 'jfll '- II n'^' 9 » If I" low LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Su." The report he received wai art and pointed. " I know well you won't." It was suflicient. Weir rode •t first slowly, but he soon urged his horse into a gallop and disiappeared in the dark- ness. Dick walkud rapidly, occasionally overtaking ^niall squads of rebels with whom he had some conversation. Once he stopped at the liouse of a Loyalist for the purpose of having some parties living a dis- tance east of Yonge street notitied of the movements of tlie rebels. The person whom Dick called upon was Alexander MoniKom- ery, and the persons tie wished notified were Da"id and William Yeomans of Scarborough and two otlier persons in that vicinity. As be came near to Eglinton a number of men were seen in the street opposite Montgom- ery's hotel He thought as well that his friend Weir had not made him his prisoner in the road intending to do so when he came down the street. To avoid any more de- tention and all chance of arrest Dick entered the field to the west and then struck south till he came to the flats or what was generally called then " No. 1." Thence he returned again to the street and entered the city williout further molesta- tion. He went directly to the City Hall. A policeman was stationed at the door and forbade admittance. The officer told him the Governor was within and he was srivcn orders to admit no one without permi-ssioii. " Tell them " he said to the oliicer " tlie rebels are coming down Y'onge street, and that there is a person at the door who can give them information which it is necessary they should possess." This being annuunc- «d admission was at once granted Though Mr. George Munro, an alderma i of the city who was present, and Richard Frizzell had spent their younger days together so many changes during their ten or twelve years' 8epar<>tion had caused Mr . M unro to forget Richard. You come from Y^onge street? This is the Governor Sir Francis Head. You will state what information you have to impart to him, was his introduction to the Governor. A short conversation took place between the Governor, the Mayor and Mr. Munro which evidently was concerning the identity of the in- formant. Both Mr. Munro and Chief Justice Robinson stated they had for- merly known a person of his name, but could no: certify as to the gentleman present being th;: same. After the information telative to the rebels had been given Friz/.ell prepared to leave. He said to Mr. Munro that he was going to Harley's Hotel. The alderman volunteered to go with him. 1 he two went away and while at the hotel drank tos«ther. All the time, however, .Mr. Munro seemed to b« watching Frizzell so closely that Dick became angry and de> manded an immediate explanation of his conduct. Mr. Munro ex- plained. He said, " The fact of the matter is the Governor has made up his mind that you have come with a statement tliat is not true, for the purpose of alarming the Loyalists. He suspects yon have been sent by the rebels or by some persons who are aware that the Governor and Council and members of the corporation are as- sembled in the hall to provide some plan of defence should the rebels here who are in sympathy with the insurgents in Lupo.\ Mackenzie 36 in safety ul- Every man was turn atfaira had to whom all look- tad in his hands table at which lie srman, the Attor- It was asked what some action must ler person, he said, was present and The Governor's nothing. Why, ,not a soldier in ir John Colborne was here if tliey were taken to jling Hagerman, ded and resolute, person present en the Governor do the fight- [eplied, "I, &nfl We have made jno, but before it [up the city with- \l take a muaket and go out alone and die like a man." iic advised men to be sworn in and propnrly equipped as there were plenty of arnus in the City Hull. A short form of oatli was drawn lip, but it was not until Frizzell and some five or six others had be -n sworn that the Chief Justice said to Mr. Ha^urman he did not think it necessary to swear those who came forward voluntarily and offered their services. They sliuuld be given arms. 80 no more were put under outh. The Chief Justice began to question Dick. When he learned that this man's father hhd been his military tutor in 1812, the Chief said that now that his memory was refreshed he recollected the name very well. Just.cea Jones and McLean stood by and when Ciiief Justice Robinson called them, remarking that this person was a son of Frizzall, who had taught them all their exerciae in the spring ot 1812, the latter deigned no reply. Continuing, he said, you must recollect him as we all used to join in games together when drill was over. People continued to come aud go to the City Hall throughout the night, lly .3 a.m. guards w re stationed at different places tlu-oughout the city. Dick Friz/.ell was a sentry on duty at the south entrance of Col- lege avenue until late in the morning ot the 5th. The citizens were so alarmed that work and business were entirely suspended. Tuesday, the 5th, was an uneasy day for both parties, for each was expecting to be reinforced by their supporters. It was not until Wednesday that Sir Allan McNab arrived by tteamer from Hamilton, bringing about 60 men. Preparations were at once be^un for an attack on Mackenzie's position. Thursday morning Sir Allan moved up Col- lege avenue with the main body of the loyal force. The second bricade inarched up Yongo street, but it failed to reach Eglinton until after Sir Allan had attacked the rebels. When they were passing No 1, firing was heard to the west. The men went up the hill to Mont- .i;omer>'s Hotel on the double quick. Dick Frizzell was among the very first, to reach the top of the hill, where he saw two shots tired from behind some bushes and stumps on the west side of the highway. A horse came galloping from the fields in thii direc- tion. As it was passing the bu-hes a man rushed out and caught the horse and im- mediately mounted. Some of those around opened fire on the man, but as soon as Dick signalled to them that he knew him, it ceased. It was too late however. Uide- man (for that was tho man's name) fell from his horse. While standing around the body the cry ot fire was raised. Smoke was seen issuing from Montgomery's Hotel. Some spectators, and known that be no doubt he harsh trc itment. were for letting it burn, others for putting it out, until Judge Jones came up. " Let it burn, boys," said he, and soon it was reduced to ashes. Witli a few others, Di(.'k continued his way slow!y up street until they reached the "Golden Lion" hotel, where they had dinner. Evening was drav - ing on Wi en a man came in and said a build- ing waa burnini; in tiie direction of Gibson's. Dick started out, but before Gibson s was reached the place was nearly consumed. Many of those around were well known to him, and he reproached them fo destroying property in such a fashion His intention was to go on up Yon;;e street, but many of his friends insisted on his returning to the city, which he finally did. On the way down from Gibson's residence to Yonge street, the premises of Mr. Poole were found to be on fire. (I'oole'a house was tlio first house north of the Methodist Kpi.scopal church at Willowdale.) Dick FrizzulL him- self removed and extinguished the brands which had not commenced to burn fiercely. This annoyed som« of the hiid it not been wcU- was a staunch Loyalist would have received The night was spent in the city Next morning all persons over whom the slightest suspicion rested were to be arrested. W. B. Jarvis, Sheritl of York, employed Frizzell, who thus authorized, made many arrests in the Townsiiip of Vaughan, Markham and York. The jail was soon filled. Many persons were in- carcerated who wished to send for friends who would bail them out. While this was being discussed by the authorities the sheriff noticed that Dick knew nearly every man whose name was mentioned. 'J'he fact was none of the old inliabitunts were unknown to him. The sheriff Hsked if he knew Sam Lount. " Sam Lount? Y'es, ever since I have been a boy." " I hen you are just the want," said the siieritf. a man to hunt him up." Dick refused to do this emphatical- ly saying by way of excuse that he had now more to do than ho could possibly attend to in three weeks. ,Mr. Jarvis pointed out to him that Louu' commanded the rebels ; than thty had those with them who could give evidence that it was by his order Col. Moodie was shot and tha; therefore he must b? I aken. Still he was persistent in his refusal to make the arrest. He had known Luunt for a lont; time, and they had ul >^ ays been on the most friendly terms. Once they had fished, hunted, slept together, and partaken of one another's hospitality for days on the shores of Lake Simcoe. Although I c kherifif was apparently dissatisfied, tic man I " I want !lfP"i"^f.W !>• ,)>'', '\"T" -I""' lura LANDMARKS OF lORONTO. did not press tho iiiuttor further. About thU time, l)eing tkic aprin^ of 18:)8, Richard b'rizzell joined aiuI l^eciime the 3rd Battalion, wlitch, firti organiied, wan under of Co). Kenneth Cunicron, formerly a major in a sergeant in when it wae the command of Thorah, the 7i)th or Cameron ^lighlandnra. The battalion waa ordered to Chaiham. Here tiiey auiTer- ed for clothing whiuh the Government had promised them, but which, when it did arrive waa very inferior to that worn by the regulars. Colonel Cameron resigned and ««aa aucceeded by Colonel \oung. FromChat- ham the battalion was ordered to Windsor. One co'i'pany under Captain Rankin was sent to Fori Maiden to du duty. In the fall of 38 this company moL>nd defeated a body of " Sympathizers,' as they were called from the American side. In tho engagement several prisoners wore talcen. Soon after Col. i'rince aad Lieut. -Cols. Elliott and Young came oat from Windsor. Several officers of the captured party were ordered to be shot and to use tho words of Col. Prince, in his despatch to the Government, " they were shot accordingly." It was the belief of Dick and several others in his company who were on duty near the officers' quarters that Colonel Prince did not consult his brotiier officers on the step he took. The condemned men •vers led out to die in quick suuoessiun one by one. After nve had been cxecutcii one stalwart young man who waa being led out threw up his arms and cried "Is there no help for the widow's son?" Imineiliately Lieut. -Col. Elliott said to Col. Priuun that he thought wrong was being done, as these men are prisoners and can otfer no defence, and the man was sent back to jail to be handed over to the civil authorities. Dick always spoke in bitter termsi of Sir Francis Bond Keiid, whom he thought had practically made a prisoner of him from the moment he entered the City Hall until n«W3 confirming the report already brought by him earlier in the evening ar- rived. Dick at a later date met the Governor on the street in Toronto, and in conversation he told Frizzell that the intel- ligence which he brought un that nii^ht was quite correct. On that occaiiion the governor promised thac as soon as the excitement subsided his services should be amply rewarded. On his return from the west Richard r«- ceived from his father a deed of some valu- able real estate in the village. He married an estimable young lady and settled down. She : lived only about four years. He then migrated to the county of Hastings, anil in ;'eptember, 1870, he died in his 5ing, the follow icls Hoiid Head's " published in I the outbreak of luoted :— " I had I sick headache, of December was 1 was suddenly rho informed mo onducting a large nto, and that ho niles of the city." ilenelg, the Colo- Fraucis mentions [erman Powell. kindly conducted ty, and eventually the harbor, and ig there I walked position I had pre- bright aa diamonds ny head. The air the snow-covered e foot- path of tiie upon them. The wn was, naturally ear, and her shrill, tie voice, strangely nee of nicht, was jt of its strength— 'der !—and mueh the market house he armed guard of ly of trusty men, , ire judges, a force )elied and punished ere likely at that time in unpacking all cartridges, and tose who kept join- we organized our d detached, in ad- tion to prevent our own on the floor to these extracts that eady received in- ed attack by the ancis reached the borates Frizzell's ails. CHAPTER CCLXXIV. OLD DAYS BROUGHT BACK. Exlrarl»rroni tke Various WrIlliifffiarTereif to's Yeteran Telecrapber—^VIifit CniiMla was loans— The Kise oflke TelrgrnpUer. Facile prinefpt in all matters concerning telegraphy is Mr. Robt. F. I'lasson, the manager of the press department, of the (ireat Northwestern Company, From time to time Mr, Easson has con- tributed to the press ot Ontario interesting monographs dealing with the history of newspaper telegraphy in Canada. Theso articles have been read with a very vivid interest by many an old resident of Toronto, whose memory rangea back to the days when even the postman had but lately tuken for himself a place in men's callings. In one of those articles Mr. Eaason skill' fully describes a memorable celebration of Burns' centenary which took place in the 8t. Lawrence Hall on the evening; ot Jan. 25, 1859. The exercises began with ad- dresar . delivered by welt-know^ citizens. Alex. ' oliachlan read a touching poem which he liau composed for the occasion. John Hill- yard Cameron also recited some appropriate 31'iginul verseti, and .lulivered an aadread which was, even fur that talented orator, a notable effort. Dr. Connor irave an uliirpsg End read the immortal history of Ta:n b Shanter. The Mayor, who acted aa chair- maa,|wa8^the late Kir Adant Wilson. He, too, made a speech appropriate to the occa- sion. Dr. McCaul, of Toronto University, contributed a scholarly historical addreKa, and the famous Thomas D'Arcy MoUee spoks in words which moved his hearers to the highest pitch of enthusiasm. MEN QDALIKIUD TO JUDQE, ■ays Mr. Easson, said that Mr. McGee's address on that occasion was the best amonust the many eulogies of Robert Burns delivered upon this continent. Saya the writer of the paper :— " When D'Arcy said, * wherever on the face of the earth— at least in English-speaking countries— there is a Scotchman, or a man, Robert Burns is not to-nignt Mithout honor"he thrilled the Scotchman through and through. Most of the leiuling judges, professional men, educationists and merchants were pre- sent upon this occasion. Among them were: Hon., George Brown, Chief Justice Sir John Beverley Robinson, •Sheriff Jarvis, Vice -Chancellor Spragge Judge Draper, Hon. P. M. Van Koughuet and Hon.' (now Sir) OliyerMowat. All classes and creeds were there represented. A ball and supper followed the speech ni'iking, and then was seen the curious (pa? acle of D'Arcy McGee, a Romanist of the Romanists, and Hon. Johu Hillyi.-d ( anieron, Orange (irund Master, duncing together in the same Scotch reel. Soun hon. George Irown took % hand in the merriment, and pirouette and vnapped his tiiigers with the vim of a lad in his uona(;e During the evening despalohes froni many Scottish societies all over the continent uamo to the St. Lawrenco Hall over wires specially run into the building for the occasion. As Mr. Easson was the operator who received these messages, he was an eyewitness to tho merriment attending the celebration. TIIK RISK OKTELEURAPUV. In a very clever article in tlie Monetary Timrs, publisned two months ago, Mr. Easson gave an interesting account of tome of his eat'lier cxiericnces with the " key- board." In a most interesting manner tho veteran describes the gradual uso of the telcsraph as an aid in newspaper work. Says he: " The despatches were very brief at first, containing perhaps 60 or 76 words, but they gradually increased in length, and aa tho importance of the inno- vation became apparent, the Toronto Leader appointed its special correspondent at Nloutreal. " Now every large papar.in Can- ada has "specials" scattered in the big c.k ■ of the Dominion. Geo. Gregg, who represented ha Leader of Ottawa, scored n " oloaa Leat " by wire on the assassination of Hon. D Atcy Mc(ioe. '* Parliament," says Mr. Easson, " was in session at the ti:ne, . nd on the evening of the as- sassination we telegraphers had fcok tho signal ' good ni^rht ' on the Olob* and Leader reports from Ottawa, when, a few minutes later, and just as I was going out of the office door, Ottawa hurriedly called me up — it was then between two and three ir the morning— and sent a despatch, prepared ly Gregg, containing 200 or 300 words, giving a succinct account of the murder that startled tho whole country. It happeuad that (iregg's boarding-house lay in the saina direction from the Parliament buildings as that taken by D'Arcy McGee, and on his way home he gathered sufficient particulars of the tragedy which had just taken place to make a very readable story, and hurrying back to tho Ottawa telegraph office, had it forwarded to his paper. All the other reporters at tho capital representing outside papers miiaad this senBRtiional piece of news." OK THE ST. LAWRENOB. During the Franco- Prussian war Mr. Eaason was stationed at Father Point on tb* St. Lawrence. The educated French Cana- dians were extremely anxious to ascertain the news brought out by the weekly stoam) .;« H h " ■'ni I '■ ^ 'a i i '1 i' i 1 1 i ii 1054 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 11 U ers, and always dropend his sum- mer holidays. The young fellow was the bearer-of a letter of introduction from Mr. l)akerB,of loronto. Of course, he was received hospitably, but Mr. Eassun little thought that he was enter- taining a man who, in later years would as Chancellor Boyd, make a name for hiniself as one of Canada's most famous jurists. In those days numbers of people, instead of spending the summer at Cacouua, holidayed at Father Point. In Mr. Easson's boyhood Lake Ontario was navigated in winter. " There was," says he, "considerable commotion on the arrival of the steamer, large crowda having assembled to receive goods or to welcome friends who had come across the sea. The principal wharves in that time were Mait- land s. Brown's and Gorrie'r^ The >tramet was often covered with ice in very cold weather, but never had nrdi difficulty iu making the wharf." Aftei' Mr. Easson en- gaged with the Montreal Telegraph Com- pany he did not lose sight of his sailor friends, and often had a pleasant talk with them over old times. CHAPTER CCLXXV. THE EARLIESTJMEWSPAPERS. When and Where I. sot him- self above the law, ought in every one oi his fellow citMens to find a Brutus. The overwhelming^ influence of a single man is the most dangerous scourge of a republic." Another advertisement relating to slave dealing is f«und in the Gazette of August 19, 1795, James Clark, senior, of Niagara, ad- vertising that "A Negro Wench" named "Sue" had run away from him a few weeks previously. Mr. Clark, though, offered no reward for her recovery, yet he "forewarned all manner of persons from harboring said wench under tiie penalties of the laws. ' The following notice also appears in the same paper : — " For sale, for three years, from the 29th of this present month of July, A NKGRO WKNCH, Named Chloe, 23 years old, understands washing, cooking, etc. Any gentleman wishing to purchase, or employ her by the year or month, is requested to apply to Robert Franklin, Newark. July 25. 1795." I in what it loft I recruiia only te, namely, that iinent had to bt; Ives, and that vided there was ! much vaunted ley. Old love forty year* in the light of iters, and these for the Imperial ges and delights wrtrayed, are in Bunts often pub- B with them, of fir condemned to nts which from worse than death, purely military sement it is need- le management of December, 1794. e the publisher, in his st ad. lay December 10, h, by the guillo- lenriot and Du- if the previous of many more o had shared the I, Marie Antoin- kngouleeme, with ted in station, to sententiously re- ,11 of Robespierre ever renders him. iempt t ) sot him- in every oue ot Id a Brutus. The jf a sin>;le man is le of a republic. " relating to slave xtte of August 19, of Niagara, ad- Wench" named him a few weeks lough, oflfered no let he "forewarned im harboring said of the laws/' [so appears in the from the '29th of |,h of July, iCH, I old, understands Any gentleman Lmploy her by the [d to apply to Iert Franklih, LANDMARKS OF TORON'IO. 1057 In these distant day marriages were not uim ply described as such the column whet ein they are printed being heaied " Hymeneal Journal." On October 5th in the same year there is printed a soliloquy by Mr. Quinn, on seeimi the body of Duke Humphrey in the Abbey church of St. Alban's, Hertfordshire. It was iu these words : — "A Plague on Egypt; art, I say ! Knibalm the dead ? On loveless clay Hich wine and Bpicen waste ! hike Sturiteon. or like Brawn, shall I Bound in a preciout pickle lie, Which 1 can never taste 1" "Let me embalm this clay of mine With turtle soup and Bourdeaux wine And spoil the Egyptian trade; Than good Uuke Humphrey, happier I, Embalmed alive; old Quinn shall die A mummy ready made." The Mr. Quinn who uttered these words was the celebrated actor, the friend of the poet Thomson. It is related of the former that he had be<>n the instructor in English literature and in the art of elocution to George III. When Quinn heard how well the King delivered his first speech to the Houses of Parliament in 1760 he rapturously exclaimed, ' ' I taught that boy . " He died in Bath in 1766. A very pretty quarrel between a certain prominent public official at Niagara and the farmers of tiie same place comes to the surface in the following adver- tisement, the ofticial's name is only given in asterisks corresponding with the number of letters contained therein, but everyone knew who was meant, and the st^ry did not die out in Niagara for many long years afterwards. •• To Mr. " The ill manners and unjust equivocation you too frequently use with farmers, myself being one, when they call on you for pay- ment, are insufferable, and as you have been threatened with a publication of this kind, without having tne desired effect of reforming you, this modest hint is given that you may have a further more particular explanation. Others are joined vith me iu wishing the preservation of your private and public honor by your leaving oft" those little practices, and when we shall be ex- cased from our promise of our ne\er trust- ing you again to the most trifling u mount.' In March, 1797, a report is given of a charge of blasphemy preferred bofore a magistrate, against an inhabitant of Forty Mile Creek: — "The mjigistrate, takint; a little time for consideration, entered into a separate and particuh.r examination of the witnesses ami offender, and collected these facts, that iu coaversatiou he had used the following expressions : That liehtnin;; was a fluid, that it could be extracted from the clouds at any time and that it could be made by man, and that by it he could kill a man or creature, and that thunder is uo more the voice of God than is any other noise and is the report of the lightning, (the declaring that he could ex- tract the lig'tening is deemed self super omuipotency), and lastly, that the earth has two motions, one round the sun, and that tlie sun stands Htill." The Magistrate appears to have had rather more sense thau the complainants, for he very properly refused to send the accused for trial, but the paper adus "it was nut improbable that it would issue from aitother quarter, and if so the country will have ex- hibited to them a specimen of pious zeal such as has never been exhibited since the time of Galileo." « Judging from the poetical " new catech- ism" which iippeared in April 1797, there were some people iu those far away times who were iu very bad odor with their neigh- bors ; the question asked is " What is the chief end of man ?" and this is the reply : " To sather up riches to cheat all he can. To flatter the rich the poor to despise. To pamper the fool, to humble the wise. The rich to assist, to do all in his power To kic:< the unfortunate still a peg lower. To cry up lor freedom, to defend her with vigor. Have slaves without number, and use tlieiu with rigor. To deal fair with all men when riches attend them, To grind down the poor when there's none to defend them. To induce the fair virgin to accept his em- brace. To cast on her then all the shame and dis- grace. To be angel without and devil within, To pretend to all virtue and practice all sin, This is most men's chief end, or their actions belie them. And if you don't believe it, you may e'en go and try them. A little cloud " no larger than a man'a hand " is noticed in the paper issued on May 3, 1797, which contains the intellii.'ence of the earliest trouble with the Uuitel States, the notice concludes, "it seems reduced almost to a certainty that war with thein is inevitable. Nevertheless, war did nob take place for fifteen years later, but the cloud waxed larger and larger, and eventu- ally did burst. We also have a glance at a i^ng disbvnded gorpa in this same paper, as it containt a ; 'i ^■^1 J! m u : 'M4JII ^ ^m ••■i^ ^IFIW" 1058 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. II 1 iU paragraph announcin<; " that the 2nd Bat- ralion of Canadian volunteers are to relieve this (Niagara) and the neighboring posts, and that the Queen's B mgers are to be stationed at York. These volunteers were !i colonial corps in Imperial pay, raised for service in Canada only. In that respect, and in that respect only, were they different from the troops of the regular army. They enjoyed all its privileges, sucli as they were, and were subject to all its punishments, snch as they were also. Un May 31st a correspondent writing under the nom do plume of " Amicus," strongly advocated tbe e-tablishment of annual horse races. From his letter it would appear that nothing of the kind had been previously attempted. Amicus, among other reasons in favor of the project, says it would, if carried out, promote "an inter- course of commerce, friendship - nd socia- bility between the people of this province and those of the neighboring parts of the United States." It may he here added that the plan was carried out, an i in all probability these were the first public race meetings that were ever held in Upper Canada. They too.c place on July tith., 7tii., aad 8th., 1797, "over the new course on the plains ot Newark. " The total amount of money offered in prizes was thirty guineas and "no one was permitted to ride unless dr ssed in a short round jacket. Caps not being to be had, a black handkerchief must be worn as a substitute." ISuch were some c' t'lo leadinj^T rules The stewards were Ralphe Clench, Alexander Stewart and Peter Tolman. Liieru was but one Gazette published be- tween July 5th and September 27th and un- fortunately no copy is now to be had. Titus G. Simons succeeded George Tiffany as editor and publisher on September 27th., and in issui-g his first number he "with pleasure assures the public, that a musly while standing in ■ 'i? pillory jki Charlestown, New Hampshire, for forging a deed. It is impossible to give the whole speech on account of its length, indeed the gist of it is contained in his first and last para.raphs. It commences : "Sympathising friends : You come here this day to see a sad sight, a poor old man pub- licly disgraced for attempting to make a penny out of fifty acres of Vermont rocks, and yet I see some her« in gay coats and mounted on naggish horses who have made thousands out of lands to which you had no more title than I to David Dray's rocks. I'.ut you great rogues who wear silver spurs and white beaver hats, and flourish youi loaded whips, forget what you once were, drink your Madeira and talk of your millions of acres, and sit at your ease, while poor I, who have speculated a little, in a fifty-acre lot, which would not maintain a woodchuck, must stand here ; for I am a little rogue and have no pretentions to be a great speculator." The delinquent then proceedn to give par- ticulars of great frauds perpetrated by land and mining companies, and thus concludes : "Take warning by my sad fate and if you iiust speculate in lands, let it be in millions of acres, and if you must be rogues take warning by my unhappy fate and become great rogues, for as it is said in a pair of verses I read when I was a boy, " Little villains must submit to fate, That great ones may enjoy the world in stetre. And again — A little knav'ry is a dangerous thing, Great cheats will flourish, while the small ones swing.'' Whatever we may think of Mr. Wood's morality, there can bo no possible doubt that he' was a very shrewd observer of things in general. The Gazette's day of publication was al- tered on October 21st from Thursday to Saturday, and in the number published on December 2nd, intelligence is given of the reported death during his passage from San Domingo to London of Lieut. -Col. Little- hales, who had formerly filled the office of Secretary to the Lieutenant Governor, General Simcoe This report happily turned out to be untrue. Prior to 1800 the Gazette was removed from Niagara to York. The printers were within sight of a libel suit for publishing a letter reflecting on a very worthy citizen of York, Mr. William Allan, the founder of Moss Park, and thu father of the Hon. G W. Allan. The publishers of the Gazette iiad inserted a lettei from " A Farmer" reflecting on Mr Allan, and that gentleman promptly mm m m mm^ LANDMARKS OF TORONIO. 1059 shire, for forging siblo to give int of its length, contained in hia It comniencea : lU come here this >r old man pub- itins! to make a Vermont rocks, in gay coats and wno have made •hich you had no vid Dray's rocks, vho wear silver hats, and flourish what you once and talk of your t at your ease, peculated a little, ould not maintain here ; for I am a )retentions to be a oceeari to give par- jrpetrated by land d thus concludes : id fate and if you et it be in millions ust be rogues take fate and become ] said in a pair of a boy, mit to fate, joy the world in erous thing, while the small of Mr. Wood's no possible doubt rewd observer of blication was al- rom Thursday to [\ber published on ce is given of the passage from San Lieut. Col. Little- filled the oflBce of eutenant Governor, )ort happily turned izette was removed The printers were uit for publishing »■ y worthy citizen of ian, the founder of er of the Hon. G rs of the Gazette had . Farmer" reflecting' lentUman promptly oalied the attention of the (iovcriior t> tlie fact. The printers evidently made matters right, for they were not dismis cd, but con- tinued the publication of the paper. The complaints were made the subject of a special meeting of the Executive Council, The minutes read : — Council Ch.\mber at York, 25th March, 1800, Present : The Hon. John Elmsley, Chief Justice, 'i he Hon, Peter Russell. The Hon, ^iieas Shaw, Mr. Allan, a merchant in York, com- plained of an artic e inserted in the Gazette of the 22nd iust, and signed "A Farmer," which states him to be a candidate for the County of York at tho ensuing elec- tion. Mr, Allan stated that the assertion is entirely without foundation, and is apprehensive that if it readies the persons with whom he is connected in the Lower Province, and is uncontradicted, it may very materially affect his interests. The Board conceives that the printers are highly culpable in having inserted an article in their paper without authority, lUit on looking at tho rest of the article, it thinks it absolutely necessary to direct the Chief Justice immediately to transmit the paper to hi& Excellency, with the request of tlie lloard that the printers be immediately dismisiicd from their office, and that his Excellency will avail himself of his present situation to procure some other peraon to be King's Printer. Minutes Jolh March, ISOO. Read a petition from Messrs', Waters and Simons, King's Printers, uckncv lodging their error in having inserted in the Gazette. of las4 Saturday an essay signed " A Farmer," and throwing themselves upon his Excellency's clemency for forgiveness. Recommended, that the Chief Justice be directed to traasmin a copy of this petition to his Excellency. This is yet another reference to slavery in the columns of the Gazette in February, 1806, contained in this advertisement : — "To be sold, a black woman, named Peggy, aged 40 years, and a black boy, her son, named Jupiter, aged about 15 \ears, both of them the property of the subscriber. The woman ia a tolerable cook and washer- woman, and perfectly understands making .^uap and candlea. The boy is tall and strong for his age, and has been employed in the country business, but brought up principally as a house servant. They are each of them servants for life. The price of the woman is $150. For liie boy $200, payable in three years with interest from namesakt paper was have been the day of sale, to be secured by bond. But one-fourth will be t ken for ready money. PkTER RlIaSELL " Anything more cold-blooded it is difficult to imagine. "Peggy and a boy, her son," might bo horses or cattle from the way in which they are spoken of. Y'et Peter Kussell could and did eloquently declaim for freedom and against tyranny of all kinds. This advertisament appeals from Peter l^.ussell to Pettr Russell, Comment is need- k-Si. Passing from Upper Canadian papers we now turn to Lower Canada. The Quebec Gazette is auppoaed to be the oldest publication in that province being first issued in 1764 or possibly a very little earlier. The Mon- treal Gazette first appeared in 1787 or early in 1788. Like its of Upper Canada the Quebec a very small one and would much smaller but for the fact that all notices and auvertisenients, the whole paper in fact, was prin od in parallel columns of French and Eiglish That continued for many years, then gradually some of the advertisements were in i'rench and soma in English, and many of them in very bad English too, but so also were the French, so things were equal. All othoial documents always appeared in both languages. As re^j'ards tho advcrtiscnieuts, exceptin<^, of course, that many refer to ocean-going vessels and none to slavery, they differ very little from thoso contained in the Upper Canadian paper. But there is one essential diiierence between the two publications. The elder confines itself wholly to business, No " quips, cranks or oddities " are allowed to eater its columns. It is grave and emin- ently respectable all the way through. On th ' oilier hand, its sisto sheet of Niagara, and later of Yor.<, while equally respectable, does not disdain to treat its readers often- times to ridiculous jests, ludicrous rhymes and aiiiii.:iing stori' a. Another anion;; ih: early newspapers was tho Canada ConsttUalloii, like the Gazette, printe.l at Niagara, by S. &(i. Tiffany, " Opposite the Lion lavern," Tiie latter of these two gentlemen has been ii'.et with pre- viously. He was the printer of the Gazette, succeeding Louis Roy. Tiie fir.st number of the Constellation appeared on Friday, July 19th, 1790, its publishers making the follow- ing address : — TO TUB rOBLIC. On coiniiicncing a new publication much is expected in the address of the pub- lishers, and to perform this witn gracefulness on our [Jirt on this occa sion and in a country where the uiideita .ina; is really novel aod I I: f: :\ >■ '' ■ ; ri ; T map ■« lOGO LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. important, is a task, thoiiglt indispensable, superior to the taunts our greatest vanity can boaat, we therefore, like the youthful orator, advance to the stage, blush, bow, excite compassion, retire to collect our- selves, and return to act with more fortitude the part of the drama allotted to us, and to receive the plaudits of the once disappointed audience. The publishers then proceed to say what will be the object and aims of their paper, and conclude in a " high state of virtuous admiration" of themselves, as Mr. Weller would remark, by saying "the purity of our intentions flatter us with the expectation of at last obtaining the verdict of good and Jaith/m servants." LTnder date August 3rd, 1799, the Comte! lotion refer* to " The wilderness from York to the Bay of Quinte is 12U miles. A road of this distance through it ia contracted out by Government to Mr. Danforth, to be cut and completed by July Ist, next. In the same issue is contained this EPITAVH ON A LAWYER. Here lius the vile dust of the sinfuUest wretch, That ever the devil delayed to fetch ; And the reader will grant it was needful he should, When he saw he was coming as fast as he could. No l)int is given as to who the lawyer was and probably it is quite as well that the Constellation preserved a judicious silence on the subject. There is little to provoke com- ment in this paper, it had a very short life, disappearing in less than twelve months. It was succeeded by the Niagara Herald very early in 1800 under the management of Silvester Tiffany. The Herald thus des- cribes the decease of its predecessor : "Its publishers," meaning those of the constella- tion, "departing too much from its constitu- tion, (advance pay.) it expired some months since with starvation. At its death it left a rich legacy of advice to its parents and nurses, and wit'n a strict charge tor its faith- ful administration. Accordingly the senior printer of that paper accepts the painful task of an executor, and throws on the public protection another paper entitled the Herald." The Flerald'x earlier numbers were all printed on course blue wrappini; paper, very soft and very thick, then for a time it was issued on what may be described as whitish paper and later still again reverted to blue. It was at no time larger than a sheet of foolscap writing paper indeed not quite so bii.'. Like its predecessor its life was brief and its trials many. It died finally from inaiition, uomourned by any one. least of all by its proprietors. They on y reereited " that they had not killed it to save its life" some time previously. The Upper Canada Gazette changed its name on April 15th, 18C7, to that of York Gazette, and was for a long time published under that title, later it again took it^ former title, becoming a purely official journal. Thar* ia little to add about Cana- dian newspapers in the days that have been treated of namely, those prior to the war of 1812. When peace was concluded a new era ■•t in, which must be spoken of separately, it having little if any connection with the earliest history of Canadian journalism. CHAPTER CCLXXVI. A LONG FORGOTTEN INCIDENT. lilentenant-UevernorH Hunter and Ciore and the CanadinuH— An Artilrp-^ t« tUe Prince BeK«nt niiil Who iitltciicd A Mr. Peter Hunter was appointed Lieuten- ant Governor of Upper Canada on August 17, 1799, and retained that office until Sep- tember, 1805, whan he was succeeded by Mr. Alexander Grant as President of the Council, who acted in that capacity until August, 1806, when he was followed by, as Lieutenant Governor, Mr. Francis Gore. During President Hunter's term of office a great deal of ill-feeling and dissatisfaction had arisen in the colony. The Executive Council were now elective, being chosen by the Governor, and could be removed by him at his own pleasure for any reason or for no reason. The whole of the revenue of the Province. was in the hands of the Govern- ment, and they exercised their patronage noli for the public good but for the benefit of themselves and their friends. A large sum of money, nearly if not quite $'250,000, was set aside and supposed to be expended year by year in gratuities and gifts to the In dians, but complaints were openly made, to say nothing of suspicions freely indulged in, that some, at any rate, of this money failed to reach the people for whom it was intend- ed. Such was the state of affairs on the accession to office of Mr. Gore in 1806. Like his predecessors, this wholly to his Council, them in his policy, bad to w orse. and it is wondered at that the United States autlioii- ties mistook the people s feelinus of dis::atis- faction with the state of political affairs iui disloyalty to the mother country. A most amusing instance of this mistaken idea in given us ''i the bombastic proclamation issued to the Caandian people by (General Hull, of the U. S. A., 20th July, 1812, wherein he offers the former the alternatives gcntlemau listened and was guided by Things grew from not so much to be LANDMARKS OF TORONIO. 1061 on y reereiteil to save its life" ette changed its that of York ; lime published again took it< purely official id about Cana- that have been ior to the war of 4uded a new era in of separately, Bction with the journalism XXVI. N INCIDENT. Iter and «oreninl o^'to lUe Prince A ppointed Lieuten- anada on August t office until Sep- was succeeded by President of the lat capacity until k3 followed by, as Francis Gore, er's term of office and dissatisfaction The Executive 5, being chosen by )e removed by him y reason or for no ;he revenue of the ds of the Govern- id their patronage It for the benefit of inds. A large sum uite $250,000, was be expended year id aifts to the In re "openly made, to freely indulged in, . this money failed horn it was intend- e of affairs on the Gore in 1806. Like rentleman listened [nd was guided by iThings grew from not so much to be ited States authoii- feelinus of dissatia- political affairs !oi • country. A most lis mistaken idea i8 lastie proclamation people by (ieneral , 20th July, 1812, Ler the alternativua f of peace, freedom and security as citizens of United Stat a, or war, desolation and exter- mination if they remained under the shadow of the British flag. This discontent among the people culmi- nated in complaints from the grand juries to Judge Thorpe, and this is wha^ happeued, and the quotation given is from D. B. Read's " Life" of the Judge of whom we are ipeak iug :— " The minds of numbers of the people, and even the minds of certain officials of the Government, were impressed with the idea that there waa too much oligarchical rule in the province, that the executive authority set at defiance the will of the people as expressed through their, representatives. Then the judges were eligible for election as members of Parliament. * * * * J udge Thorpe accapted the candidature to Parlia- ment offered him by the people of the Home District. This fired the breast of the Gov- ernor and oligarchy of the period. Mr. Surveyor-General VVyatt and Sheriflf Will- cocks were of one mind with the Judge, and therefore opposed to the Governor. The Governor carrying out the doctrine of the time, the divine right of kings and their satraps, that might makes right, determined to rid himself of the Judge and the Sur- veyor-General." And Governor Gore, who, however auto- cratic he might be, was thoroughly honest and heartily believed in himself, carried his determination into practice, and in 1807 both Judge and Surveyor General were re- lieved from office. Two actions at law were the result, the plaintifTs ' eing Wyatt and Thorpe, the defendant Francis Gore. The jury found for the plaintilfs, with heavy damages in both cases. In September, 1811, Mr. Gore obtained leave of absence to visit England. He had scarcely sailed when the following address was sent from many Canadians for presenta- tion to the Prince Kegait : — TO U13 ROYAL HIGHNESS THK PRINCE REGENT. May it please your Royal Highness. We, his Majesty's dutiful and loyal stubjects the undersigned freeholders, householders and other inhabitants of the capital and home district of his Majesty's provinca of Upper Canada, beg leave to approach yi)ur Royal Highness and to express in common with others, his Majesty's subjects, the deep re- gret we feel upon being made acquaiutud V. ith the ill state of health, our beloved Sovereign at present labors under and which has called your Royal Highness to the exer- cise of the supreme functions of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Firmly attached to the House of Ilruna- wick and the British coustituticn under a conviction that it affords, when re- ligiously and honestlv administered, all that security of person and property which it is possible to expect to enjoy under any social compact whatever, and which '..ttachment some of the undersigned have not hesitated in cementing with their blooii, the loss of their property, and the separation from their relations and frienJij during tlio revolution- ary war in America. Priding ourselves in being a ramification of the Empire of Great Britain and Ireland, it has ever been an anxious wish to render our acknowledg- ments of the benefits it was the intention of our Gracious Sovereign we should enjoy in this distant part of his dominions, but it is with the deepest rec^ret we are compelled to state to your Royal Highness tliat the in- tentions of your Royal Fatiier have been re:idered abortive and unsuccessful by the iutrigue and interruption of designing and interested men who have been placed ii\i the government of this colony. Many of the undersigned, after the conclit- iion of the revolutionary war which separat- ed the colonies from the mother country' were left without a home. His Mujesty, with that benign goodness which has so distin- guished his long reign, selected this province as an asylum for his sufiering loyalists, and invited them to repair hither under promises worthy the sovereign who bestowed them, and although many of the undersigned had sacrificed well-cultivated estates and large establishments, yet they hesitated not a moment in choosing between returning to the enjoyment of those coniforta they had so recently left under the new order of things, iind sittinsr themselves down in a wilderness under the British constitution, and thereby submitting to privations beyond ihe power ot expression ; but witli what astonishment, and regret have they ijchekl the system of partiality and corruption that has been pursued in the distribution of those bounties held out by our gracious sovereign to his fiufforing and dis- tressed loyalists, some favorites being profusely rewarded, while otiier.s of equal, if not superior claims were unable to obtain those just rewards their loyalty to their king and attachment to the British cause had induced tlieir Sovereigu ♦ ) promise. Blessed by Providence with a fertile soil, capable of producing all the comforts of life, our attention has been in a particular man- ner turned towards the raising and cultiva- tion of hemp under a persuasion that while it held out a prospect of rewarJiii;,' the cul- tivator it might in some measure be bene- ficial to the mother country, at a time when the channels through which they usually obtained a supuiv of that article had been. ^1 w' } l,i» .< ■I .» i •%• ^ H \ i' i w ) H H ^ 9 SI :5 fPfilPVPi iplpfp< wmmmm m imm 1062 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. by tba ascendancy of her most inveterate enemy, shut up. Even thia ant'.cipution of gratitude towarda our mother country has been rendered of no effect by the injudicious and narrow policy of the Executive of tlie colony in tlie selection of persons with whom the cultivator had to deal. With the most heartfelt satisfaction I bei; leave to express to your Koyal Highness our gratitude and thanks for the removal of Mr. Gore from the government of this colony, and wc further beg leave to state that upon a retrospective view of Mr. Gore's adminis- tration it will be made apparent that his measures have been uniformly calculated to disunite and create distrust amongst his Majesty's loyal and faithful subjects in this province ; and although endeavors may be made by Mr. Gore's adherent* for the pur- pose of impressing upon his Majesty's Min isters the approbation of the people of this colony of Mr. Gore's administration, and thereby deceive your Royal Highness, we implore yonr Royal Highness not to receive such representation as the general voice of the inhabitants of this province, but a < that of a very partial part of the sense of the people of this colony, and principally those only who have been loaded with Mr. Gore's favors and partook of a share in his coer- cions and mal-administration. Should it please the Supreme Disposer of Kingdoms to remove our gracious Sovereign from a mortal to an immortal throne, we hambly implore in mercy that He may bless your Royal Highness with a long and happy reign, and that you may prove the chosen instrument in the hand of heaven to van- quish and overcome the public as well as secret enemies of your Royal House and the nations over whom your Royal Highness may be called to govern. YoBK, Provinee of Upper Canada, 24th October, 1811. John Mills Jaekson F. Single Joseph Shepherd his WUIiam z Hash mark. Jacob Delong, Jr. Oliver — • Paul Willcutt, jr. Alex. MontKomerj Simeon Mortin Jacob Cummer John Fordham Wslentine Ficher Michael Wbitmore Leonard Ashley Jacob Klacee Cornelius Van Nor- ■trand James Van Noelrand Habram Devens Simeon Devens Nicholas De Long Joke Brnadige James S. Browii Samuel Morton Jonathan Hart Ttionias Mercer William Bates Thos. - ' Conrad Orom H >nr7 White John Soulea Aaron Sonles Winthrop Crasby his John X Cook mark. Joseph Brown hki Quatz. X mark Benjamin Stiles Ansel BriUoB Ebenezer Cooke Rodolf Black .Stephen B.-undigo Lovi Uruiidige Jacob i)e Long Wni. B. Peters, Atty- fti-Luw J. B. Lotman Thomas Livy Henrich Sommerfeldt Oideon Orton Jacob Liickniann Jededitih Uritton hs Joseph X Tumbleson mark hu James X Tisses mark Joseph Lyons Jacob Pini^cl George Ptngel hi<4 Joseph X Foyco mark John Mooro William Spaftord Stephen Mooio William Rush Jno. Hnycs his John X TomlinsOD n;nrk his Jacob X Cook mark his Jacob X Cloyn mark his John X Cloyn mark Daniel R. Orton James ."-^oulea James Tomlinson Michael Bowman Peter Vanaliany William Olendennen John Clendennen Lewis Dennis Samuel Mercer Augustus Bates Wm. Hunter Kick. L Lippincott Cornelius Anderson Andrew McGlashau Honry MoGary William Marsh Leonard Marsh John Young Isaac Wilson George Bond Andrew Sharp John McDonald William Soules John Cameron Uzal Wilson Peter FIcsher Jarvis Ashley James Warren Jobe Kinnee James Dulcjtt Henry * Uenj. Davis his Samuel x Lewie mark Isaac Duclus his Ira X Wliite mark Lary Davis John Chapman Reuben Wai'. Martin Snider Jacob Snider Phillip Wiegman Martin Klsworth Alex. Montgomery John Montgomery Peter RoseauLawrenca William Gray Stillwell Willson Eber. Wighte QeoTio Uugtiron Michael Ficher John Wilson Coiboth Leond Klincker Anthony Hoilingshead ir. John Hong his Oreal x Hudson mark his David X Adair mark Ai^a Patrick Timothy Wheeler Juss Fludgen John Price, late Adjb Brit. Leg. Cavy. Joseph Hill liaac Coiumbes Thos. Stoyell Cornelius Anderson, Ji Samuel Arnold John Willson John Willson. jr J<:iihu Pease George T. Davison Luke Stotenbourgh Charles Denisou his Jacob X Anderson mark William Thomson his Robert x Stuart mark Oliver Prentis Henry la Mars Benjamin de Ling Charles Willcoclc8,for. inerly Ensign 3rd Bart., 60th Uegiinenc or Royal Americans. Joseph Vancise James Ozburn Joseph Ozbum James Ross James Glenncn, Surg. G. Willoocks. M.l^ Peter Howard, M, I'„ for the County of Leeds John Willson, M. P. Ge irge Gary Sam Kverson James Kverson Thomas Mercer Wm. IX Jackson .Samuel Jackson, Junr. Joscnh JacksoB Phillip Blown J hn M. Dougall, Junr William Moody Jacob Miller David Miller Jacob Miller William McBride Jeremiah Brown George Howe ben Wal'. tin Snidar )b Snider lip Wiogman ■tin Klsworth K. Montgomery ti Monigomery sr RoseauLa w rones Ham Gray Iwell Wiilsoa ir. Wighto tr^e Uughron !haol Ficher in Wilson ■ Colboth >nd Klincker tbony Hoilingshead in Hong bis lal X Hudson mark his vid X Adair mark a Patrick nothy Wheeler 33 FUidgen hn Price, late Adjt 3rir. Leg. Cavy. Mph Hill lac Columbea los. Stoyell irnelluB Anderson. Ji muel Arnold hn Willson bn Willson. jr ihu Pease sorge T. Davison ike Stotenbourgh larles Denlsou his kcob X Andorsoa mark 'illiam Tbomscn bis obert X Stuart mark liver Prentit enry la Mars enjamin de Ling haries Willcocks, for- merly Ensign 3rd Bate, 60th Uegioieni or Royal Americaas. oaepb Vancis* ames Ozburn oseph Ozburn ames Uoss amesGiennon. Surg. ',. Wllloocks. M.P 'eter Howard, M, I',, for the County of Leeds ,, ., ohn Willson, M. P. Je ifge Gary iam Kverson lames Everson L'hoDias Mercer iVm. D. Jackson Samuel Jackson, Junr. toscnh Jacksoa .'hillip Blown r hn M. Dougall, Juat IVilliam Moody lacob Miller David Miller Jacob Miller William McBride Jeremiah Browu Qeorgu Howe !t I U, i from Downton, in Wiltshire Here- turned to Englaud some years later, beint; dissatisBed with the way > fairs were con ducted here. Ho published a pamphlet ad- dressed to the King and i'urlianient of Great Britain, entitled " A View of the Political Situation of the Province," This pamphlet caused much annoyance in Upper Canada, and the Legislative Assembly voted it a libel ! '1 hen follow, among many others, the names Alexander Moutjfomery, of Yonge street ; Thomas Mercer ; John Montgomery, who kept an hotel here, known as the " Bird in Hand" : Samuel Mercer ; Richard I^ppincott, who gives his name to the street 80 called in Toronto ; Andrew McUlashan, who lived well on in to the " fifties" ; Isaac Columbes, u hose memory is yet green ; Charles Denison, who married Miss Playter ; Charles Willcocks, who, whatever eminent virtues he possessed, did not count excessive modesty among them, as he once proposed to publisU by subscription a history of lis own life. Theie are many others whose names are familiar, and also many of whom nothing is known, but "The times change, and we change with tiiem ' CHAPTER CCLXXVIL AN OLD ACCOUNT BOOK. Some dnalnt antl IntercKdne Entries— 4 ContraNt in Price* Bp|>vcen (he I'rescu' Time nud n Century Since. The following extracts from a daily cash journal kept by Mr. '1 honias Ridout, some- time Clerk of the Peace for the Home Dis- trict, and father of the late Thomas Gibbs Ridout, BO well known as cushier in its pros- perous days of the old Bank of Upper Can- ada, will probably be of interest to many us showing the difference that exists in the price of evcry-day articles, now in this year of grace 1894, and that which o tained very nearly one hutidred years ago. Mr. Ridout kept his household and odice expenses in one book, and it is somewhat amusing to find such entries as the following, side by side :— " November 15th, 1797, house expenses. Dr. to cash, paid for two barrels of flour at SOs, £3," and on the same da e, in fact the very next entry : •' Cash Dr. to ortice, received for sundry wriiings, £1 10*. There are many similar entries to the next following, Payment is made in New Vork currency, and thus enteieii, then reduced to Halifax eurrency : — " Canl;, Dr to Abner Miles, receiTod of him by ilie hands of Mr. Thomas Barry — £9 14 6 Now York currency. of himself 10 £19 14 ti Halifax currency £I'J g 7." On December 15th, in the same year, is this entry recalling the name of a man whose end wa^ a tragic one :— " Household expenses. Dr. to James Ruggles, for sundry earthenware, as per his account, £114 0." Mr. Ruggles was a passenger on the schooner Speetly when she witli all on board foundered in the waters of Lake Ontario on October 7th, 1804, none being left to tell the tale. Throughout the month of December the foil' wing names are often found :— Archi bald Thomson, of Scarborough; William Allan, of V'ork ; Joseph Hunt of the same place, and also that of the Honorable D. \V. Smith . In January, 1798, occur the names of Andrew and David Thamson, who were ••Vrchibald's brothers, Abner Miles, Archi- bald Cameron, and Samuel Heron, i he latter was one of the town wardens in the year 1799. Though lie was one of a well- known family, his name does not often ap- pear in any of the old records. On March I2th, in the .same year, is this entry: "ReceiTed of Duke ".Viiiiani Ken- drick and James Nasli, for sundry wiiiing^, £1 12 0." .Mr. Ridout at any rate suc- ceeded in obtaining some cash fro u Mr. Kendr.'ck, but it appears to have tieen a very scarce article with him, as with pretty nearly every one else in those days, for we find him advertising in the Gazette on De- cember 21st, 1799, nearly two years later, that he wisiied to purchase ashes, iie having establisheil a potnshery, but be added 1 his significant notice to his advertisement : — "He (Kendrick) conceives it his duly to infoi-m those who have ashes to dispose of that it will not be in his power to pay Cdsb, but merchandise at cash price," On the last day of March Mr. Ridout records having received as a deposit the sum of £101 5 9^ from Mr. W. P. Lawe, and there is this somewhat quaintly worded note added : — *' Left by me in the hands of the ;! ' '■>■ f: ■ ■ i r ior.4 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Hon< rabia D. W. Siniih, m « pUo* uf vreRtar security tbAu my house, the same day." Ephraiiii Payson received payment from Mr. Ridout, on April 7kh, of £4 5 Halifax curreucy for 1,700 briclcs to be delivered at " lot No. 2, Dulie street, York." This was the beginDing uf the old liidout homestead. Again, ou May lat is a payment in uounec- lion with the same building to one W. Mather tor shingles and to D. Hendrie for pickets. Bo«f at the time was seven pence halt- per.ny currency a pound. Mr. Kidout enters the purchase of 92 pounds of that commodity at that price on .'viay 18th. That woald be jast twelve cents of our money. On July 25th the firm of Skinner £;. Terry is mentioned. They were proprietors of a saw mill on the banks of the Don, al no very great distance from where the Winches- ter street bridge now (1894) crosses the river. Lovers of tha' cup which " cheers but not inebriates," must tiave had to be very care- ful in those diys, for on August lat Mr. Ridout enters : "1 lb. Souchong tea, £0 12 6, or 12 50." Think uf that, those who complain wlieu ^iessrs. Black, tireeu & Co., the family grocers, charged even the odd fifty cents for a pound of the same com- modity. Among other entries are 52 lbs. maple sugar at Is— £2 12 ; two and a half cords of wood at 148 — £1 15; for a pair of shoes, £1 4; forty-five pounds pork at Is — £2 5. In all these cases it mu.sc be borne in mind that the ■failling quoted was only equal to twelve and a half cents, so with the excep- tion of wood the prices compare fairly well with those charged to-day. On October let, still in the same year, occurs tliis entry : " House expenses. Dr. to Thomas >larkeand, of Kingstoti. Received from him this day, per the Toronto, 3 barrels of flour 72 lbs. or Gid (barrels) and 21 lbs. at 20ti id £6 8 9, Halifax, or £10 6 0." The "Torortc." means the well-known trading and passcn,^:e.-' vessel the Toronto yacht, wrecked aft*i wards on tlie Isl cents. House- keepers of to-day have therefore a good deal to bo thankful for m respect o; what the same articles cost them now. One of the last entries in the boolt is this : " I'aicl Mr John .McDougall, my club in full as a member of the liardeuers' Society, £2 18 4." Tiiift particular association is not re erred to elsewhere. There are many of the naniea which occur in the book that are still represented in and about Toronto, but the entries relating to them are on purely business matters and arc of no general in- terest. Some confusion may arise as to the terms New York and Halifax currency, A New York ptiund, ittough like ali other pounds, it consisted of twenty shillings, ^as only equal to $2 50 as the so-called "shilling" or " Yorker' was but 12.J cents in value. A pound Halifax was equal to 94 and a pound Btorlincr or the English sovereign passed for twenty-five shillings Halifax. 'Jhe follow- ing table in Sterling, New York, Halifax and in dollars and cents will show tliu rela- tive values : — Sterling. New York. Halifax. £ S. D. £ S. D. £ S. I). s c ti 1 7i 124 I 2 1 :i 25 1(1 1 12 6 2 51) 1 2 1 5 5 00 CHAPTER CCLXXVin. THE WAR OF I8IZ Many Interesting Dorunients KelntiuK to It— Preclanintlon and lieu. Brack's Keply. A caaual reference was made in the chap ter entitled, " .4 Long Forgotten Incident," to a bombastic proclamation issued by General Hull, of the U.S. A, from Detroit, to the Canadian people, at the time when the war broke out between the United States and Canada The full text of this document was as follows : — " Inhabitants of Canada : After thirty years of peace and prosperity the United States have been driven to arms. The in- juries and aggieasions, the insults and in dignities of Great Britain have once more left them no alternative but manly resistauce or unconditional submission. "Thj army under my command has invad- ed your country and the standard of union now waves over the territory of Canada. To the peaceable unoffending inhabitant it brings neither danger nor difficulty. 1 come to find enemies not to make them. I corns to protect, not to injure you. "Separated by an immense ocean and bv m LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I0 .XXVIII. $ c. 12i 25 2 51) 5 00 >F 1812. iipnts RelMtliiK tA eu. Brock's Keply. made in the chap rgotten Incident," matiou issued by .A , from Detroit, »t the time when ween the United he full text of this ada : After thirty iperity the United to arms. The in- .he insults and iu have once more left : manly resistance on. ommand has mvad- standard of union ;ory of Canada. To ling inhabitant it • difficulty. I come ke them. I corns rou. lense ocean and bT an extenbivc wildernoas from (ircat Britain, you have no participation in hur councils, no interest in her conrtuot. V'ou have fell her tyranny, you have seen her injiisiire — but I do not ask you to avenge the one or redress tho other. The United .Statoii are sutlicient- ly powerful to afford you every security, uousistont with their rights and your cxpec- tiiiious.I tender you the invaluable blessinjs of civil and religious liberty, and their necessary result individual and general prosperity — that liborty Nvhioh gave decis- ion to our councils andcnergy to our conduct in our struggle for independence and which conducted us nafely and triumphantly through the stormy period of tho revolution —that liberty which has ruisen us to an elevated rank throughout tiie nations of the world, and which has aiTorded us a greater measure of peace and socurity, of wealth and improvement than ever yet fell to tho lot of any people. " In the name of my country and by the authority of my (jovcrnment, I promise pro- tection to your persons, property and rights. Remain at your homes, pursue your peace- ful and customary avccatious, rn s« not your bands against your brethren. Many of your fathers fought for the freedom and indepen- deooe we now enjoy. Being children, there- fore, of Jkne same family with us, and heirs to tho same heritage, the arrival of an army of friends must be hailed by you with a cordial welcome. You will be emancipated from tyranny and opprosssirn and restored to the dignified station of freemen. " Had I any doubt of eventual success I might a^k your a.ssistance, bub I do not. I conio prepared for every contingency. I have a force which will look down all oppo- sition, and that force is but the vanguard of a much greater. If, contrary to your own interests and the just expectation of my country, you should take part in the ap- proaching contest, you will be considered and treated as enemies, and the horrors and calamities of war \\ ill stalk before you." This last sentence shows plainly in the earlier words the idea that obtained at this period throughout the United States that Canadians were prepared to throw off tlieir allugi^ince to (ireat Britain. This mistaken notion has already been referred to In an earlier chapter. The Proclamation then proceeds : — " If the barbarous and swage policy of (ireat Britain be pursued, and the savages be let loose to murder our ci izens and butcher our women and children, this war will be a war of extermination. 1 he first stroke of the tomahawk, the first attempt with the scalping knife will be the signal of one indiscriminate scene of desolation. No white man found fighting by the side of an Indian will be taken prisoner— instant de- struction will I e his lot. If the dictates of rcuAon, duty, justice and humanity cannot prevent the einployinnnt of a force which respects no rights and knows no wroni, it will bo prevented by a severe and relentlesa system of retaliation. " I doubt not your courage and firn- nest, I will not doubt your attachment to liberty. If you tender your servicet volun tarily thKy will be accepted readily. The United States offer you peace, liberty and security. Your choice lies between these and mere slavery and destruction. < ho<>s« then, but choose wisely ; and may He who lioows the justice of our cause and who holds in His Hands the fate of nations, guide you to a result the most compatible with your ' rights and interests, your peace and pros- pcritv. VV. H ULL '• By the(Jeneral, A. F. Hull, Capt. I3th Regt. and .\ I).( . " Headquarters, Sandwich, July 12,1812." To the foregoing proclamat on General Brock issued the following reply aa found in the Cunadia'i Archives, Series Q., Vol 315, Colonial Ofhce Records, Psge 152. " I'riocr.AYATiox "The unprovoked uechiration of war, by the United States of .America, against th« United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- land, and its dependencies, has been followed by the actual invasi n of this Province in a remote frontier of the Western District by a detachment of the armed force of thu United States. The officer commanding that detachment, has thought proper to iu- vite His Majcs y's subjects not merely to a quiet and unresisting submission, but in- sults them ^vlth a call to seek voluntarily tlie protection of his (iovernmeut. \Vithont condescending to repeat the illiberal epi- thets bestowed in this appeal of the American commander to the people of Upper Canada, or the administration of His Majesty, every inhabitant of the tVovince is desired to seek the confutation of such indecent slander in the review of hit own particular circumstances ; wlicru is the Canadian sub- ject who can truly affirm to liiraselt that he has been injured by the (Government in his person, his liberty, or his property ? Where is to be found in any part of the world a growth so rapid in wealth and prosperity aa this colony exhibits ? Settled not tUrty years ago by a band of veterans exiled from their former possessions on account of their loyalty, not a descendant of those brave people is to be found who, under the fostor- ing liberality of their sovereign, has not aa- quired a prosperity and means of enjoyment superior to wnat were possessed by their i .; 4. i 1066 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. AiictRtors. This unequalled prosperity could not hkve been attained by the utmost liberality of the Government or the perse- vering industry of the people, had not the maiitimn power of the mother country secured t.> its colonists a sui ; access to every market where the produce of their labor was in demand. The unavoidable and immediate conse- quence of a separation from (Treat Britain must be the loss of tliis inestimable advantace. And what is offered you in excliange ? To become a territory of the United States and ehare wich them that exclusion from the oocan wh'ch the policy of their present (lovernnient enforces. You are not even , flattered with a participation of their boasted independence, and it is but too obvious that unce exchanged from the power' ful protection of the United Kingdom, you must bo re-annexed to the doniiuion of France, from which the provinces of Canada were wrested by the arms of (Jreat Britain, at a vast expense of blood and treasure, from no other motive than to relieve her uneirate- ful children from the oppr. ssion of a cruel neighbor. This restitution of Canada to the empire of France was the stipulated reward for the aid afforded to the revolted colonies, now the United States. The debt U still due, and there can be no doubt but the pledge has been rei ewed, as a consideration for commercial advantages, or, rather, for an expected relaxation in the tyranny of France over the commercial world. Are you prepared, inhabitants of Upper Canada, to tiecome willing subjects, or rather sliivus, to thedssrot who rales the nations of Europe with a rod of iron ? If not, arise in a body, exert your energies, co-operate c .nliallv with the king's regular forces to repel the invader, and do not ^ire cause to your chil- dren when Kroanin<; under theoppression of a foreign master to reproach you with having too eaady parted with the richest inheritance on earth— a participation in the name, char- acter and freedo/n of Hritons. The same spirit of justic. which will make •Tery reasonable allowapct for tlie unsuccess- fnl efforts of zeal and loyaity will not fail to punish the defalcation of principle; every Canadian freeholder is \iy deliberata ciioice, bound by the most solemn oaths to defend the monarch) as well as his own property. To shrink from that engn);ement is a treason not to be forgiven; let no man suppose that if in this unexpected struggle his Majesty's arms should 1>e compelled to yield to an overwhelming force, that the province wi!l be eventually aban- doned ; the endeared relation of its first ■ettlcrs, the intrinsi j value ot itts ouinnicrce. and the pretensions of its powerful rival to repossess the Canadas are pledges that no peace will be established between the United states and (ireat Britain and Ireland, of which the restoration of these provinces does not make the most prominent condition. lie nut dismayed at the unjustifiable threat of the commander of the enemy's forces, to refuse ({uarter if an Indian appear in the ranks. The brave bands of natives which inhabit thif colony were, like his Majesty's subjects, punished for tiieir zeal and fidelity by the loss of their possessions in. the late colonies, and re«arded by his Majesty witii lands of superior value in this province. The faiiii of the liritish Government has never yet been violated, they feel that the soil they inherit is to them and their poster- ity protected from the base art.s so frequent- ly devised to over-reach their simplicity. By what new principle are they to be prevented from defending their property ? If their war- fare from being different to that of the white people is more terrific to the eniiny, let him retrace his steps— they seei; him not — and cannot expect to find women and children in an invading army ; biU they are men and have equal rights with all other men, to de- feml themselves and prcperty when invaded, more especially when they find in the enemy s camp a ferocious and mortal foe using the same warfare which the American commander affects to repudiate . Thi:j inconsistent and unju.'«tifial>lc tlircat of refusing (jnarter for such a cause as being fuuiid in arm? with a brother sufferer in de- fence of invaded rights, must be exerc sed with the certain assuiance of retaliation, not only in the limited operations of war in tliis part of the King's Doicinions, but in every quarter of tiie globe, for the national ciiaracter of Britain is not less (iistirguished for humanity than strict retaliative justice, which will consider the execu- tion of this inhuman threat as deliberate murder, for which every subject of the offending power must make expia- tion Is.VAc Brock, j>laj.-Gen. and President. (!cd Save the King. IToad Quarters, Fort George, '2'2nd July, 181*2, by order of his Honor the President I B. tilegg, Capt. A. D. C. Captain Gcigg, whose name is attaciied to the foregoing proclamation was a captain on the unattached list, and hud been selected by Brocic to act as his aide de-camp. He aerveil throughout the wvr, and afterwards filled various public offices in Canada. Some yeais later he attained the rank of colonel, and was private secre'ury to Lord Ayliner iluiing the peiiod that hi.s Lordsliip was Governor-General of Canada. Kmmmm ^ VVnpf mmf LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. loc: rerful rival to dgea that no :en the Uuited lad Ireland, of provinces does condition, stifiablo threat ;ny's forces, to 1 appear in the natives which his Majesty's laland fidelity ms ip. tho Ittto 3 Majesty with 1 this province. Joverument has >y feel that the r,d their poster- rts so frequent- • simplicity. By to be prevented |r ? If their war- ;iat of the white ennny, let him k him not— and anil children in >y are men and ther men, to de- Y when invaded, ey t'lul in the and mortal ioe uii the American ate. ustifiable threat a cause as being r sufferer in de- ,st be exerc sed of retaliation, ations of war in ii'inions, but in "or llie national jS3 aiatic guished lict retaliative [er the execu- 11 threat as every subject it make expia- Lnd President. linK. tge, '2'2iid July, the President \o 13 attaciied to I'as a captain on Ibeen selected by limp. He served Ifterwiirda fillttl ICanida, Some link of colonel. Lord Ayliner Lordsiiip was Chief Justice William Dummer Powell was generally supposed to have been the real author of General I Crock's reply to General Hull. '1 ho Chief Justice was a trusted adviser of the President's, and was consulted on all matters of moment, by the authorities, throughout the whole of the war. Nor was Brocn otherwise idle, thoui;li from a letter, dated July 20th, 1812, ad- dressed to Sir ( Jeorge Prevost, but two days before he issued his reply to General Hull, it was evident he was not without very grave doubts as to the coutse events would take. The communication was as tollowB :• - '* Major-General Brock to Sir George Pre- Toat Fort George, July 20th, 1812. *• My last to your E.-tcellency was dated the 12th inst, since which nothing extra- ordinary has occurrevi on this communi- cation. The enemy has evidently diminished his force and appears to have no intention of making on immediate attack. " I have herewitli the honor of endoaing tha copy of two letters wiiich 1 have re- ceived from Lieut. -Col. St. (»eorge, together with some interesting documents found on board a schooner, which the boats of the Hunter captured on her voyage from the Miami to Detroit. *• From the accompanying ofGcial cor- respondence between General Hull and the Secretary at War, it appears that the cot- l«cti3d force which has arrived -it Detroit amounts to about 2,000 men. I have re- quested Colonel Proctor to proceed to Ani- herstburg, and ascdrtaiu accurately tlie state of things in that quarter. I had every in- clination to go there myself, but the meet- ing of the Legislature on the 27tli i. stant renders it impossible. ''I receive this moment a despatch, dated the 15Ui instant, from Lieut -Colonel St. George, giving un account of trie enemy h\v- ing landed on the Pitiinudimnini'iately after occupied the villag.- of Sandwich. It is strange that the three days should be allow ed to elapse l)ffi)ri! sending to acqu'iiit me of this important fact. I h d no idea until I received Lieut. -Col. St G«orge'3 letter a few days ago that (ieneral Hull was advancing with so large a force. " The militia, from every account, be haved very ill. The ofliccrs appear tiie inoet in fanlt. Colonel ^'roctor will pro- bably reach Amherstburg in the course of to-morrow. I have great dependence in that otiicer's decision, but fear he will arriv? too late to be of mmch service. The enemy was not likely to delay attacking n force that hr.d allowed him to cross the river in open lUy without firing a shot. "The position which Lieut. Colonel St. George occupies is very good, and intinitely more formidable than the fort itself. Should he therefore be compelled to retira I know of no other alternative than his 'mbarking in tho King's vessels and proceeding to Fort Erie, '■ Were it possib'e to animate the militia, to a proper sense of tlieir duty somutning might be ilone, but I almost despair. *' Your Excellency will readily perceive the critical situation in which the reduciiuu of Amherstbnrg will place mc. '* I do not imagine General Hull will be able to detach more tlian 1,000 men, but even with that trifling force I much fear he will succeed in gcttinir to my rear. The militia will not act ' with- out a strong regular force to sec them the example ; and as I must now expect to be seriously threatened, I cannot iu prudence make string detachments, which would not only weaken my line of defence, but, in event of a retreat, endanger their safety. " i am now given to understaml that General Hull's insidious proclamation, heie- with enclosed, has already been productive of considerable effect on the mi ds of the people. In fact, a general sentiment pre- vails that with the present force resistance is unavailing. I shall continue to exert my- self to the utmost to overcome every dilli- culty. Should, however, the comiiuinicatioii between Kingston and Montreal be out oli, the fate of the troops in this part of the pro- vince will be decided. I now expresa my apprehensions on a supposition that the slender means your Excellency possesses will not permit of diminution ; conscciuently, that I need not look for reinforcements. It is evidently not the intention of the enemy to make any attempt to penetrate into the province by this strait, unless tho present force be diminished. He seems much more inclined to work on the flanUs, aware that it he succeed every other part must soon sub- mit. " .My la'^* oilicial communication from the Lower I'n • 'co is dated the 'JStli ultimo, when the .. ' ; Uant-C5eneral announced the receipt of inieiiigencc by a mer'-antile hou.se of war being declared by the United Stales against Great Britain." On .Inly 27th, 1812, Gei eral Brock re- turned to York from Niagara and oponed the special session of Pt>rliament, whicii had been called in conseiiuence of the outbreak of hostilities. His speech was as follows : — llonorablt Gentlemen vf the Legisltiiive Council and (lentlnnen of the Hout^t of Afstmlili/ : 1 he urgency of tlie present cri'.is is the only . out the loss of a single life. The inaction or comparative inaction of the House of Assembly respecting the militia and the conduct uf the war, caused Brock the gravest anxiety as will be gleaned from the following account of a Council justing held August 3rd, 1812. The report is contained in the : — •• Canadian Archives, Vol. 118, Series Q, " Colonial Office. Records, jiage ."'V " At a Council held at the Govi^iumeat house, York, Upper Canada, Monday "id August, 1812 " Present — Major-(Jeueral Brock, Hon. the Chief Justice, Hen. James Baby, Hon. Alexander (irant, Hon. John McCrili, lion. Mr. Justice Powell, Hon. Frideau iSelby. " His Honor the President represented to the Board tiiat the hopes he had entertained from the call of the Legislature were likely to be disuppo.nted. " That the Lower House of Assembly, instead of prompt exertions to strengthen I his hands' for the gov >rnment of the militia, I providing for security fron» internal treason by partial suspension of the Habeas Corpus . ct, authorizing a partial exerci.se of martial law concurrently with the ordinary course of justice, and placing at his disposal for the defence of the Province tho funds not actually applied upon past appro- priations, had cunsitmed eight days in car- rying a single measure of party— tiie repeal of the School Bill the pissing of an act for the public disclosure of treasonable prac tices before tho magistrates, should have power t^ commit without i ail That under such circumstances little could be expected from the prolonged session of the Legisla- ture. " That the enemy had invaded and taken part in the Western District, was multiply ing daily his preparations to invade in otiiers ; that tho militia in a perfect state ot insubordination had withdrawn from tli* ranks in actual service ; had refused to miu when legally commanded, to reinforce a ' tachment of the regular force for the rein- of Amherstburg— had insulto 1 their olhcers, and seme, not immediately embodied, iiad ssion was passed 5 and pay of the lat.tr authorized -not the Assembly londitions to hare I power was also special cases the lot apply, [le nroinpt action •de.s to I aptaiii sjjiment, who was 'a. Fort Michilli- ,he British with- I. . . rative inaction ot respecting the the war, caused as will bo gleaned unt of a Council 1812. The report ol. 118, f!«riea Q, )rds, Tpage. /'^ It the Goveaiment lada, Monday ">iii eral Brook, H-on. James Baby, Hon. John McGili, Hon. . Frideau Selby. ident represented to \ he had entertained ilature were likely to louse of Assembly, lions to strengthen jinent of the miLitia, :om internal treason the Habeas Corpus partial exercise tirrently with the e, and placing at his of the Prorince tlio ied upon past appro- eight days in car- ol: party— the repeal I pissing of a^ act of' treasonable prac trates, should have It I ail That under _e could be expected ssion of the Leijisla- 1 invaded and taken trict, was multiply tions to invade in in a perfect state nt ithdrawn from tli* had refused to mm d, to reinforce a ' force for the reiitn suite 1 their otliL-ers. (itely embodied, imc LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1060 a manifested in many instances, a treasonable spirit of neutraiicy or disallection. "That the Indians on the (Jrand River, tampered with by the disaffected whites, had withdrawn from their volunteer service, and declared for a neutrality, wliich, in res- pect to I hem was equally inadmissable as with the King's other subjects. " That in tiie Western a>id London dis- tricts several psisons liad negotiated with the enemy's commander, hailing his arrival and pledc;ing support. That tbe regular force consisted of one regiment, the 41st nine hundred strong, and part of the Royal New- foundland Regiment, two hundred, M'ith ^ detachment of the Royal Artillery, and several armed vessels. That the extent of coast exposed and thi great distances of the p ominent points had obliged him to divide that force to support and countenance the militia. That tlie conduct of the western militia had exposed to imminent danger the regular force at Amherstburg, and however inconvenient, he had made a large detach*, mant of the 41st, and militia from the home and Niagara districts with the few Indians not corrupted, to reinforce that garrison if time would admit. " That, on the other hand, the command- ant at "St. Joseph had with his ganison and Indiana taken the island of Micheiimack- inack, the earrison of which capitulated without firing a shot. *' That in all probability part of that force might descend to Detroit, and in such case a co-operation with the garrison at Fort Amherstburg, reinforced by the detachment now on its march to Long I'oint, might com- pel the invaders to retire or surrender, but •;hat no good result from any military ex- pcditioa could be expected unless more poweriul restraint ,:ould be imposed on the aiihtia than the actual law admits, and that he had power to restrain the general popu- lution from treasonable adherence witli the enemy, or neutrality, by summary proceed- iv.^xr and punishment. Nor could the colony ht considered safe from the Indians in its vc.-y bosom, wliilst liable to be tampered with by disaffected persons, exposed only to the jlow progress of oonviciion by criminal lav*. " That with this view of the situation of the Colony, ho submitted for the considera- tion of the Colony, how far it might be ex- pedient to pre rogue the (ieneral House of Assembly and proclaim martial law, under ths powers of the King's Commission in case of invasion.'' Ttie Council adjourned one day for dc- libeiation, meeting agai i on Tuesday, 4th August. •' The Council met from adjournment of yesterday. "Present — The same members. The Council having deliberated upon His Honor's representation, is unanimously of opinion, that under the circumstances of the Colony, It is expedient upon prorogation of the (Jeneral Assembly to prod dm and exercise martial law according to the powers of His Majesty's Commission to the Governor- General." A true extract from the minutes. John Small, Clerk of the Executive Council. But, happily, the disaffection noticed in the report of the Council meeting did not spread, and General Hull, instead of carry- ing all before him, surrendered to General Brock a few days later, on August 16tb, 1812. This great success had the effect of strengthening the loyalty of those who were already loyal ; of making loyal those iitho were inclined to disatl'ection, and of bringing to the defence of the province many who had hitlierto held aloof, or wno were w.vering in their allesiance. Brock return <:d, after the capture of Detroit to Kingston for a brief period, but early in September was again at Niagara The prisoners of war who were taken cap tive at Detroit numbered 2,500 men and 33 pieces of brass and iron ordnance. These figures are given on the authority of General Brock himself, contained in his despitch to Sir George Prevost, dated August 17th, 1812. Brock's own forces, to quote the same document, " consisted of 30 artillery, 250 men of the 41st Reeiment, 50 of the Royal N wfuundland Regiment, 400 militia and about 600 Indians, to which were attached three six-pounders and two three-pounders. * * * I cannot withhold my entire appro- bation of their conduct on this occasion." On Septembef 18th 1812, Brock wrote from Fort George to his brother Savery in those ternif : — " I have now officers in whom I cari con- fide : when the war comniencud, I was really obliged to seek assistance among the militia. The 4lBt is an uncommonly line roginient, but wretchedly officered. Six companies of the 49th are witii me here, and the lemain- ing four at Kingston undei Vincent. Al- though the regiment has been ten years in this country drinking rum without bounds it is btill respectably and apparently ardent for an opportunity to acquire distinction". Then follow several sentences of no general interest and he continues. "Vou will hear of some decided action in the course of a fortnight or in all probability we shall return to a statn of trauquiUity. I say 1070 LAM DM ARKS OF TORONTO. ! decisive, because if I should be beaten, the province is inveitably gone, and should I be victorious, I do not imagine the gentry from the other side will be anxious to return to the charge. "It IS certainly some.l, and we have not been altogether idle, nor has a single desertion taken place. '' On October, 11th, following?, Brock again wrote to Sir deorge I'revost from Fort (Jeorge. Ha spok« with regret of the capture of the British vessel Detroit by the Ameri- cans as "an event particularly unfortunate which may reduce us to incalculable distress. The enemy is makir.g every exertion to gain a naval superiorit; lioth lakes, which, if they accomplish, 1 see how we can retain the counl'-v On the next day, Ocu ' '. 126h, Brock penned his last despatch to Sir (>eorge Prevost. It is very brief and simply states that he is convinced that an attack is im- minent and that he has made every exertion " to complete the militia to 2,000 men." On the following day tcok place the Battle of Queenston Heights. The account thereof is contained in the following despatch from Major-General Sheaffe to Sir George Prevost : — Fort George, 13th October, 1812. Sir, — I have the honor of informing your Excellency that the enemy made an attack with a considerable force this morning before daylight on the position of Queenston ; on receiving intelligence of it Aiajor General Brock immediately proceeded to that post and I am excessively grieved in having to add that he fell whilst gallantly cheering his troops to an exertion for maintaining it ; with him the position was lost, but the enemy was not allowed to reta.n it long ; reinforcements having been sent up from this post composed of regular troop&, militia and Indians, a movement was made to turn his left while some artillery under the di- rection of Capiiiu Holcrofi, supported by a body of infantry euguged his attention in front ; this operation was aiiled too by the judicious position which Norton and the Indians Mrith him had taken on the woody brow of the high ground above Qucen&ton ; a communication being thus opened with Chippawu, a junction was formed with succours that had been ordered from that post. The enemy was then attacked, and after a short but spirited conflict, completely defeated. I had the satisfaction ot leceiv- ing the sword of their commander, Brigadier- General Wadsworth, on the tield of I attle, and many otticers, with upwards of nine hundred men were made prisoners, and more may yet be expected ; a stand of colors and a six pounder were also taken. The action did not terminate until nearly 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and their loss in killed and wounded must have been con- siderable, Ours, I believe, to ',ave been comparatively small in numbers. No officer was killed besides MajorGeneral Brock, one of the most gallant and zealous otticers in his Majesty's service, whose loss cannot be too much deplored, and Lieut. -Colonel McDonell, provincial aide decamp, whose gallantry and merit rendered him worthy of his chief. Captains Dennis and Williams, command- ing the flank companies of tiie 49th Regi- ment, v'tiioh were stationed at Queenston, were wounded, bravely contending at the head of their men agai)ist superior numbers, but I am R\\d to have it in my power to add that Captain Dennis fortunately was able to keep the field, though v/ith pain and diffi- culty, and Captain Williams' wound is not likely long to deprive me of his services. I am particularly indebted to Captain Holcroft, of the Royal Artillery, for his judicious and skilful co-operation with the guns and howitzer under his immediate superintendence, the well directed tire from which contributed materially to the fortunate result of the day. Captaiu Dercnzy, of the 41st Regiment, brought u*^ the reinforcements of that corps from Fort George, and Captain Bul- lock led that of the same regiment from Chippawa, and under their command those detachments acquitted themselves in such u manner as to sustain the reputation which the 41st Regiment had already acquired in the vicinity of Detroit. Major-General Brock, soon after his arrival at Qucenstown, had sent down orders for battering the American fort, Niagartw Brigade- Major Evans, who was left in charge of Fort George, directed the opera- tions against it with so much effect as to silence its fire and to force the troops to abandon it, and by his prudent precautions he prevented mischief of a most serious nature, which otherwise might have been effected, the enemy having used heated shot in firing at Fort (ieorge. In these services he ^^ as most etfectually aided by Colonel Claus (who remained in the fort at my de- sire) and by Captain Vigoreux, of the Royal Engineers. Brigade-Major Evans also men- tions the conduct of (Japtains Powell and Cannon, of the militia artillery, in terms of commendation. Liicutenant Crowther, of the 41i.it Re>;i- he field of i attle, upwards of nine le prisoners, and ;ted ; m stand of were also taken, nate until nearly and their loss in it have been con- e, to ',ave been nbers. No officer )r-General Brock, >nt and zealous service, whose much deplored, )ll,provinoial aide nd merit rendered illiams, command* of tiie 49th Regi- ed at Queenstot), >ntending at the superior numbers, my power to add [lately was able to :h paiu and diffi> ims' wound is not f his services, bted to Captain \rtillery, for his leration with the ' his immediale directed tire from ly to the fortunate I 41st Regiment, sementa of that nd Captain Bul- i regiment from command thoee mselves in such a reputation which ?ady acquired in soon afcer his sent down orders 1 fort, Niagartw ho was left in !Cted the opera- jch effecG as to s the troops to dent precautions a most serious night have been used heated shot in these services ided by Colonel ! fort at my de- •eux, of the Royal ' Evans also men- iins Powell and lery, in terms of the 4 hit Reiji- ^ 5'lo4 cers with nei fire plaq rooms. 1 rac'kH. i refloubti where tj Nia^ lj 1 ;t ■» l.j.> l»l, , JiJ -J w \ / A V A l< A "»»•■->-, i — -^ -^/ 7V / !//■ /< I'l.AN OK MAIiAHA Willi AN KX IM, AN A Til »N (II' ITS I'ltlWKNT STATIC. .4— Lnrpe stfine lumso, cDiitaininK twclvo rucuiis willi tire iilaccs, two wiilKinl, ii lnrKi' kitc'licn, two cellars and three rooms. II— Ofli- cers' lodKilij;-^. with s«'\en lire pliicos, cut iri' out of ivpiiir. «' M.-iUehoiise. entire repiiired iiiut new shimmied. U— S;)l(Iier.s' biirnicivS, with new lierths to tdiitiiin 112 nien. tlic v. holi' new floured, ehiinney repiiired iiiid new shingled. F -OlHeers' quarters ; two rooms and lire tiliiees in trood repair. <; -Tliree I'ooiiis with lire jilai es and one without. II .•', entire oni ol' repair. I<— ( 'hiireli, entire out of repair, .U and \ Soldiers' liar- racks. <| I'rovision store house cut ire. i'(.'paii'ed wil li stone pillars, a cellar to lonlaili the butter and lusw shiii^jled, K— Two sloiio redonhts built in 1770 and 1771. S l„uidt,'ate, T WaterKale. V Trailers' houses, or lowtT town. W— Kind's wood yard. \--\Vharf wh(-re the \essels ntdoad the provisions. \- .Small wharl^ for batlin.'s, at way. s llltod up. Z— Small block house, formerly afrwird house, Kiajrara, September •2Sth, 1773. opp. llt'O 1^ m^^mum^^ as ■ t!,l' II wmr LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1071 muiit, hud charge of two three pounders that uccompaiiicd tliu inoveiicnt of ou: little 3(irp3, aud they wore employed with very i;ood effect Cuptain tilegg, of the -lOch regiment, aide- de-cttmp to our lamented friend and genera', itfunled me most essential assistance, and I found the service of Lieutenant Fowler, of the 41st regiment, p 'distant deputy quarter- inastergeneral, very useful ; I derived much »id too from the activity and intelligence of Lieutenant Kerr, of the Glengarry Fencibles, whom I employed in conunuuicatious with the Indiana and other flanking parties. I was unfortunately deprived of the aid of ihe experience and ability of Lieutenant- Colonel Myers, deputy quarter- master t,'eueral, who had been sent up to Fort Erie i few days past on duty, which detained him there. Lieutenant Colonels Butler and Clark, of the militia, and Captains Hutt, Uurand, Rowe, Apple<{arth, James, Crooks, Cooper, Robert Hamilton McEwen and Duncan Cameron, and Lieutenants Richard- luii aud Thomas Butler commauding flank companies of the Lincoln and York Militia led their men into action with great spirit. Major Merritt, commauding the Niagara Dragoons, accompanied me and gave me much assistance with part of his corps. Captain A. Hamilton belonging to it was disabled from riding and attached himself to the guns under Captain Hoicroft who speaks highly of his uctivity.and usefulness. 1 beg leave to add that Volunteers Shaw, Thompson, and Jarvis attached to the flank comcanies of the 49th Regiment, conducted themselves with great spirit ; the first was wounded and the last taken prisoner. I beg leave to recommend these young men to your Kxcellency'g notice. Norton is wounded but not badly. He and the Indians parti- cularly distinguished themselves, and 1 hare very great satisfaction in assuring your Excellency that the spirit and good conduct of his Majesty's troops, of the militia and of the other provincial corps were eminently conspicuous o.i this occasion. 1 have not been able to ascertain yet the uumbsr of our troops or of those of the enemy engaged. Ours. I believe, did not exceed the number of the prisoners we have taken, and their advance which effected a landing probably amounied to thirteen or fourteen hundred. I uhall do myself the honor of transmitting to your Excellency further details when I shall have received the several reports of the occurrences which did not pass under my observation with the returns of cusualties and those of the killed and wounded and ot tbu ordnance taken. I have the honor to be, etc., R. U. SlIEAFFB, Maj. -Uen., etc. His Excellency, Sir Ceorge Prevost, Bart, etc. Accompanying this dispatch were the fol- lowing returns : — Quebec, 1st Dec, 1813. Return of ordnance and stores captured from the enemy at Queenstown in Upper Canada, by the army under the command of .Major-General brock on, the 13ih October, 1812, agreeably to Mr. Assistant-Commissary Gordon's return of that date. Species of stores ; Ordnance^ iron, six pounder light, 1; car- riage travelling with limber complete, 1 ; elevating screw, 1; hand spike, traversing, 2: sponges with staves aud rammer heads, 2: shot fixed, round, 4, case, 14; port tires, 12; waggon ammunition (tumbril) complete, 1: horse, harness, trace sets, wheel, 2, leader, 2; muskets, French carbine, 435 ; bayonets, 380 ; scabbard for bayonets, 141 ; pouches, with belts, 245 ; without belts, 80 ; cart- ridges, musket, with ball and buckshot, 2,811) ; with buckshot only, 3,140. The above is the most satisfactory account I have been able to procure of the ordnance and stores captured on the 13th October, 1812. It appears by what 1 can learn from Mr. Assistant Commissary Gordon that in the hurry of action he had merely time to ascertain the numbers of the different articles before they were distributed to the artillery and troops for immediate service, which made it impracticable for him after- wards to ascertain with any piecision the state thereof. Lakkatt Smith, Commissary and Paymaster. Return of ordnance and stores, etc., cap- tured at Queenstown, Niagara, on the 13th October. 1812. One six^pounder with tumbrils and horses complete ; one stand of colors. William Holcroft, (.apt. Royal xXrlillery. Fort George, 15th August, 1812. Thomas Eva.ns, ^lajor of Brigade. By His Excellency's command. Edward Bayi»»9, Adjt.-Geu. N. Ani«'*ca. Return of killed, wounded and prisoners of war in the action at Queenstown, Niagara, ou the 13th October, 1812 :— Prisoners of war — 1 brigadier-general, 1 major aide de-canip, 5 lieutenant-colonels, 3 majors, 19 captains, 32 lieuteniiuts, 10 ensigns, 1 adjutant, 1 surgeon, 852 non- cominisbioned officers aud privates. Tola 925 Regulars — Otlicers, 19 ; non-con; niissioiicd otticers aud privates, 417- i : -' i I i I I i i I' I 1U72 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Militia — Ofliccrs, [A', non-commi&sioDcd oHicers and privutca, 435. Total 9:25. Eatimated loBa of tli« enemy in oiFicers and men killed and wounded, and in wuundad sent over during the engagement, 500 ; aup- posed total loss, 1,4*25; acknowledged iorce engnged, ^,600. Total Kritisli force engaged — regular and militia, 800 ; Indians, 200— I,(X)0. Fort George, 15tli October, 1812. Thomas Evans, Major of Brigade. By hit Excellency s command, Edward Baynes, Adjutant-General North America. Return of killed, wounded and missing of the army under the command of Majorx Uer cil Isaac Brock in an action at Queens- tow , Niagara, on the 13th October, 1812 : General stafiF— 2 killed. Royal Artillery— 2 rank and file wounded Detachment 41st Regiment — 1 sergeant, 1 rank and file killed ; 1 sergeant, 9 rank and file wounded. Flanl^ Companies— 8 rank and file killed. 49th Regiment — 2 captains, 3 sergeants, 27 rank and file, 1 volunteer wounded ; 5 rank and file, 1 volunteer missing. Lincoln Artillery — 1 rank and file wounded. Lincoln Militia— 1 adjutant, I sergeant, 12 rank and file wounded ; 10 rank and file iiiii-sing. York Militia— 2 rank and file ialled, 1 lieutenant, 1 serj^eant, 15 rank and tile wounded ; 5 rank and tile missing. Total loss— 1 major-general, 1 aide-de- camp, 1 sergeant, 9 rank and tile line ; 2 rank and tile, militia, killed ; 2 captains, line ; 1 adjutant ; 1 lieutenant, militia ; 4 sergeants, line ; 2 sergeants, militia ; 2 rank and tile, artillery ; 1 ditto militia artillery, 36 rank and tile, 1 volunteer line ; 27 rank and tile, militia. Wounded — 5 rank and tile, 1 volunteer line. Missing— 15 rank and file, militia, missing. Genoral total — 2 geaeral staff killed, 1 sergeant, 11 rank and tile, 2 captains, 1 lieutenant, 1 adjutant, 6 sergeants, 66 rank and tile, 1 volunteer wounded, 20 ran!; and file, 1 volunteer missing. Officers killed— Major General Isaac Brock, commanding; Lieut. Colonel Mc- Donell, Provincial Aidede-Camp Wounded — Captains Dennis a id Williams, 49th regiment, Lieut. McLean, York Licht Infantr}', and Adjutant Mclntyre, Lincoln militia ; Volunteer Shaw, 49th regiment. Fort George, 15th October, 1812. Thomas Evans, Major of Brigade. By His Excellency'.s command. P'dward Bavnes, Adj General North America. Tbe follov.'iiig ollifial account of the battle ia found in the archives departmsut at Ot tawa : — (From the Plattshurg RepiiUuan.) BRITISH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE AT Q0EEN9T0WN. The following general orders, giving an account of the attack made by the Ameri- cana upon the Heights of Queanstown, etc. , are from the Montreal Herald extra of Oct. 21 :— Adjutant General's Office, Head Quarters, Montreal, Oct. 21. [ueneral orders.] H<9 Excellency the Commander of the Forces, has received an official report from Major General Sheaiie, of the brilliant vic- tory achieved on the 13th instant, by a portion of the troops under his command , over a division of the enem}''s army, which effected a Unnine at Queenstown under cover of the night. That post was nevertheless de- fended with undaunted gallantry by the two flank companies of the 49th regiment animated by the presence of their gallant and ever to be lamented chief Major-General Brock, whose valuable life was upon this occasion devoted to his country's service. These companies displayed exemplary disciplinn and spirit, although the captanis of both were wounded, and succeeded in keeping the enemy in check until the arrival of Major-General Sheaffa with re-iuforce- meuts. The disposition of the forces and the plan of attack adopted by Major-General Sheaffe cannot receive a higher or more just praise, than by stating, that nine hundred prisoners of war, under the command of Brigadier-General Wadsworth, surrendered their arms to a force inferior in numbers, and without susta ning any considerable loss on our part. A six pounder and a stand of colors havu been taken from the enemy. Major - Geaeral Sheaffe's report of the zeal and undaunted gal- antry that animated every officer and soldier of his army, affords the commander of the forces the most heart felt satisfaction, and will be a most gratifying duty to his Excellency to bring before the notice of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent. Lieut. -Col. Myers, Deputy Quartermaster General, was stationed in charge of Foit Erie, and succeeded in completely silencing the tire of the enemy, drove a detachment from the encampment near the Black Rock, destroyed a barrack in which was a consider- able deposit of ammunition. Its explosion must have killed many. The Caledonia, lately captured by the enemy, was destroy ed at her moorin2s. LANDMARKS OF TOKOXTO. 1073 departniaiit ftt Ot / Jiepuhliian.) L ACCOUNT JCEEN9T0WN. orders, giving an le by the Atneri- : Queanstown, etc., erald extra of Oct. sral's Office, ontreal, Oct. 21. DERS. ] .'ommander of tli« »tiicial report from f the brilliant vie- 13th inntant. by a ider his command, imy's army, which instown under cover vaa nevertheless de- ;allantry by the two i 49th regiment 3 of their gallant uhief Major-General life was upon this ountry's service, splayed exemplary tiou^h the captains and succeeded in ack until the arrival fa with ra-inforce- ) forces and the by Major-General higher or more just hat nine hundred the command of sworth, surrendered ;erior in numbers, my considerable loaa band of colors havo my. Sheaffe's report undaunted gal- every officer and ds the commander art felt saiisfaction, fying duty to his re the notice of His ce Regent, puty Quartermaster charge of Foit ompletely silencing rove a detachment ar the Black Rock, hich was a coHRider- on. Its explosion The Caledonia, Hemv, was desjiroy- LienU-Col. Myers speaks highly of the discipline of tha detachment of the 49th Reeiment, under Major Ormsby, and of tliu skill and spirit with which the guns were served under Capt. Kirby and Lieut. Bir- 8on of tho militia Essential service rendered by Brigade Major Evans, left in charge of Fort tieorga ; a well directed tire from that work succeeded iu silencing the enemy'a batteries on the opposite sida. Cap- tain Vigoreux, Royal Engineers; Col. Claus and Capts.Powell and Cameron of the militia were zealous and indefatigable in their exer- tions, particularly in a.xtineuishing fires which broke out in the court house and other placKS from red tiot shot fired by the Bcemy. Captains Dennis and Williams of tha flank companies of the 49th Regiment have par- ticularly distinguished themselves,the former officer retained the commsnd of his company of grenadiers to the end of the conflict, though suffering seveiely from his wound. To Captain Holcroft of tiie Hoyal Artil- lery, the highest praise is due for his success- ful and judicious cooperation. The well- directed fire of the artillery militia, as well as regulars, is the best proof of the indefatig- able zeal au.t taleuts ot that officnr. Major ivierritt, commandinij; tho Niagara Dragoonsaccompanied and rendered essential assistance with part of his corps. Capt. A. Hamilton, belonging to it, was disabled from riding and attached himself to the guns under Capt. Holcroft, who speaks highly of his activity and usefulness. Lieutenant ( rowther, 41st Regiment, had charge of two field pieces which were em- ployed with good efifect Captains Derenzy and Bullock are repye- sented to have maintained the high repuA'v tion of the 41st regiment in the detachment under their respective commands. Major Geneial Sheaffe reports having re- ceived essential service from Captain Glegg, the aide-de-camp to Major General BrocU, Lieut. Fowler, 41st Regiment Deputy Assis- tant Quarter Master (general and Lieut. Ker of the Light Infantry Fencibles, employ d with the flanking party of Indians. The eminent services and talents of Lieut. Col. iviacdonnel. Provincial Aide de- Camp and Atlorney-Genenil of the Pro- vince aie recorded by the most honori ble testimony of the gallant General, whose stups he followed during the short but glorious career, nor quitted him iu death. Vol-tnteers Shaw, Thompson and Jarvis, attached to the flank companies of the 49tli Regiment, conhicted themselves with great spirit. The first was wounded and the last [akcn prisoner. The Major-fieneral particularly menliona the services of Lieut. -Cols, liutler and Clark, of tho militia, and Capts. Hatt, Du- rand, Rowe, Appiegarth, .lames Crooks, Cooper, Robert Hamilton, McKwan and Duncan Cameron, and Livuts. Richardson and Thomas Butler, commanding flank com- panies of the Lincoln and York militia, who led their men into action with great spirit. The Mhjor-General reports the conduct of tha Indians employed on this occasion as meriting the highest prai.se for the good order and spirit, and particularly names the Chief Norton, who was wounded. Several gentlemen volunteered their ser- vices in the field, and shared in the honor of the day. .Mr. Clouch and Mr. VVillcox were of the number, and the Major-General witne.ssed the zealous conduct of many others not mentioned in his report Major-Generul Sbeaffe had humanely con- sente t to a cessation of offensive hostility ou the solicitation of Major-Ueneral Van Rens- sellaer, for the purpose of allowing the Americans to remove the bodies of their slain and wounded. G. O. — -Major-General Roger Hale Sheafl'e is appointed to the command of the troops m tho Upper Province, and to administer the civil government of the same. Edward Bavnes, Adjutant-General. After the battle of Quoeuston an armistice was concluded between (Jeneral Smyth ot tho United States army, and General Shoaffe, wl>o upon the death ot Brock had become administrator of the Government of the Province and also succeeded to tha chief military command. This cessation of hos- tilities terminated on November 20tli, the Americans having notified the British to tliat eftt'ct. The armistice had been granted on the application of Gene al Smyth on October 18th " to continue until thirty hours after notice of its termination." Three days later General Shcaffe address- ed the following dispatch to Sir George Prevoat : — Fort Geor(;e, '23rd Nov., 181'2. SiR,^ Having formed the resolution of opening a fire on Fort Niagara after the ex- piration of the armistice, wi^b a view to cripple it for a co-operation 'ri any early projected attack on this llauic, and to create a diversion in favor of the other llank, should the designs of the enemy be directed against it, it being reported that his mala body was assembl. d in front of it, prepara- tions were accordingly made for the pur- pose, and the fir'^ was commenced on the morning of the 'ilst instant. I had pre- viously set out for the right flank, thinkini: that iiiy presence might be more retjuire.i !' , 1':^ ffk 'H hi '■"fit- m ^ ii .1' -f lit' n 'J If '"^mm^^ff^^m nfv« "pii iii. J 074 LANDMARKS OF TOHONTO. thoro, those ablo otriuerH, Lieut. -Col. Myvrs and Cape. Halurofl, being iiere to coiuluct tiie opera! ioiid, as.sistuil by lirigada Major Evans, under whoso direc- tions they had been so succoss- ful on the l.'Uii Outober. 'I ho report V'hich 1 iiave the honor of transmitting, will i iforin your KxcuUeucy of the events of the day. The advuntai;o, thougii not so great as might reasonably have bc%n ex- pected, is, however, on our side. The old building; in front of Fort Georije that was burnt, intercepted the view of tlio beach from a coinmandins; position. The damai^e done to the building^i in the fort can be re- P'ired in two or three days; none of the ^uns or works have been injured, and we have only to lament the losd of an inhabit- ant, an old half -pay otHcer, Captain Fry, who was killed while colloctinf; siiot (as he said to send back to the enemy), and of one private of the 49th Regiment. Some of the houses in the town were damaged, particu- larly two or three of them, but not one was burnt, though it was found that the enemy's shot were in creneral heated His expendi- ture in ammunition must have been very great His tire having been very quick it was, of course, ill-directed. The number of his shot already collected, and added to our piles, probably exceeds that which was fired by us. The extent of the mischief done by our fire cannot be ascertained, but by the observations made, as noticed in the accompanying' report, the damage and loss that the enemy sufiored must have far exceeded ours. In m}? visit to the other part of the line I observed two large camps, one at Sshlesser and the other below lilack Rock. The troops appear to have been withdrawn from the former ; the other is partly concealed by an island. Their greatest assembly of troops i > said to be near Buffalo, and is not visible \ from any part of our line. | Indications have been discovered of their I preparing boats for a movement. I have I directed some Indians to ba sent on Grand J Island secretly to watch their motions, i Lieut. -Colonel Bisshopp, whom I find an i active and intelligent officer, is at present | on that flank, Major-General Shaw, who commanded there, with the rank of colonel ', in the militia and pay of lieutenant-colonel, i .having relinquished the command to return | to the duties of adjutant-general of ,' militia in which his services were much wanted. The number of militia in the field , has considerably increased sii^ce th« notice was given of the termination of the armis- { tice, but it is partly in consequence of mea- ! sures that had been previously adopted for eallinit in absentees. They are very alert in their several posts, ahd continue generally to evince the best disposition. Some old Loya ists who bore arms in the American war have come in though exempt from service in the militia. I retain them for the present, as they are still capable of stationary service, and their lessons and ' examples will have a happy influence on the youth of the militia ranks. i have tiio honor to i e Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, R. H SlIKAKFK, Major-General Command' •" To His Excellency Sir George Prevost etc., etc., etc. Lieutenant Colonel Myers so flatteringly referred to in the foregoing document was an officer on the stafT, head of the Quarter- master-General's department. Ho was re moved from those duties to take command at Niagara early in August, 1812 by Brock himself who in reporting the appoit..ment to Sir George Prevost, wrote : — •' The high sense 1 entertain of the abilities and judg ment of Lieut. -Colonel Myers induced ron to appoint him to the important command at Isiagara." Captain Holcroft was also a statl otficnr. Captain Fry belonged to the 8th " King's " Regiment, not the " King's Own," that designation belonged to another battalion of inlantry, the 4th, while the 2nd were the "Queen's Owu." It is more than probable that tht> Toronto *' Qr -^'h Own Rifles " owe their title to the fa t being the 2nd Regiment in the Cr Infantry militia, it followed natu. ..ly that they should also have the alternative and more honorable title. Lieutenant Colonel Bishop and Major-Geueral Shaw have both been referred to many times previously. The former was inspeetimj field officer of militia and met his death on the field of action at Black Rock, some months later. Major-G.-neral Shaw was ilSueas Shaw who had seen a great deal of servict and was one of York's first inhabitants. He died in 1815 and was buried in the grave yard surrounding the Church of St. James in that place. During the armistice spoken of General Satyth had exerted himself vigorously in preparing boats whereby to invade the upper province near Fort Erie. Christie, in his volume published in 1818, and compiled probably so.newhat earlier says the actual landing when it did take place was "at the upper end of GraiAl Isle, between Fort Ere aad Chippawa." General Hheaffe in his dis patch of Novenaber 3Dth, 1812, gives the following account of the affair : — Chippawa, 30th Nov., 1812 — Sir, I have the honor of reporting to your Excellency that very early in the mora- LAX DM \RKS OF TORONTO. 1075 inc of the 2Sth intt. an attack was made nu our balteiio3 opposite to HIack Huok. llicy vrere wroited fioin us for a time by Buporior numbers, but Miijcr OriiHby, 4iltli Mejjiment, with a body of troops from Kort Erie, havini; formed a juuctioii with Lieut.- Colonel liidshopp wlio liad moved up with <;roat celerity from ('lii|)p'iwa, with rein- furcements, tliot-e of the enemy wlio had nui retired to thbir own siiore, amountiui; to nearly forty, were ma the last of which he unhappily fell, too prodigal of that life of wiiich His eminent services had taught us to understand tiie value. His Royal Hi}.rliness has also been gracuusly pleased to exprers his regret at the loss which the province must experience l;y tlio dcaih of the Attorney Gencial, A.lr. Md'onnfll, whose zealous co-operation with Sir Isaac Biock will reflect lasting honor on his m^m ry. \eiy soon after the events of November 28th, on tiie Niaijara frontier, winter set in with L'reat severity, and warlike operations were for the time sujpended, but the spring of loKl had not far aivanced when warlike operations we'^e resumed. The foliosving tables show accurately thi naval forces on the lakes :— Comparative statement of the British and American forces upon the lakes, as far as that of the en«my can be ascertained . Quartermaster (Jeneial's Office, Montreal, 13th March. 1813. ON LAKE KRI£. British — The Queen Charlotte, carrying 12 24 pounder carrunades and four long 9-pounder, two in the bow and two in the stern, ship-rigged, 16 guns. The Lady Prevost, 10 12-pound carronades and two long sixes, one in the bow and another in the stern, 8chooner-ric.:ed, 12 guns. The General Hunter, six long six pounders, six guns. Total .34. The above are fully equipped and ready for sea. The following are building and way be ready to launch in June. A ship of 18 gvns, which it is proposed to arm with 14 12-pounder carronades and four long nines, in bridle porta in the bow atx ■tern, 18 guns. Two decked gunboats, capable of mountini; a long 18-pounder each, two guns. Total building 20 guns. Total number of guns expected to be mounted in the vessels by the end of June or begi.uiing of July — 'A American— Th'j naval force of the enemy, on this lake, was ail taken and destroyed last summer, but they have been building, both at r>ulTalo and Sandusky. It is there- fore uncertain wha: their means may be o.i the opening of navigation. There is, how- ever, no reason to suppose that they will be enabled to meet us oa the lake, as, from all the information wc iiave bv^en enabled to procure, their eflbrts have been confined to small craft and gunboats, etc. ON LAKE ONTARIO. British — The Royal George, carrying 20 32-pounder carronades, ship rigged, 20 guus. 1 he Earl of Moira, oerryiug 10 18- pouuder carronades and 4 long sixes, 2 in the bow and 2 in the stern, brig rigged, 14 guns. The Prince Regent, 10 12 pounder carronades and 2 long sixes, 1 in the bow and 1 in the stern, 12 guns. The Gloucester formerly curried 6 6-poundera,(now repaired) cutter rigged. 6 guns ; total, 52 guns. The Royal (ieorge and Earl ot i\loira arn at Kingston, and the Regent and Gloucester at York. The above are fully equipped and ready for sea. Thcj following are building : — The Sir Isaac Brock, building at VTork, lu carry 26 32 pornder carronades and 4 long eitjh- teens, 2 in the bow and 2 in the stern, ship rigged. This vessel should be launched in May ; 30 guns. Ship building at Kingston of '.'2 gun , 18 32 pounder carronade.'*, a.id 4 long twelves, 2 forward, 2 aft ohip rigged, 22 guns. Schooner building at Kingston to carry 10 18»pouuder carronades and 4 lorn: ^WlJPf'P'W?'' "|W" f the British ano lakes, ft3 far as scertained . neral's Office, ,h March, 1813. us.. jarlotte, carrying s Rud four long and two in the uns. The Lady ^rronades and two ' and anotlier in i, 12 guns. The six pounders, six ipped and ready are buildiag and I June. h it is proposed to larronades and four I in the bow aixr decked gunboats, i long 18-pounder building 20 guns. IS expected to be the end of June or orce of the enemy, en and destroyed ftve been building, iusky. It is there- : means may be o.i ijn. There is, how- ,e that they will be e lake, as, from all bvien enabled to e been confined to etc. YARIO. eors;«, carrying 20 ship ringed, 20 )ira, carrying 10 18- 4 long sixes, 2 in ern, brig rigged, U BDt, 10 12 pounder xes, 1 in the bow IIS. The Gloucester ders,(now repaired) tal, 52 guns. Earlot iMoira aro, gent and Gloucester fully equipped and building -.--The Sir Vork, lo carry 26 and 4 long eieh- 2 Ml the stern, ship uld be launched in uiliHng at Kingston ler carronades, tind d, 2 aft i.hip rigged, Iding at Kingston lo rrouades and 4 Ioul' LANDMARKS OF TORON'IO, 1077 nines, 2 forward and 2 aft The ship will be launched the 15th April, and the schooner aly you It is accordingly taken from the place of its deposit. After carryi ig off all the public stores and burning all the public buildings, the troopi are now embarking, but are ail ignorant of their destination. Few houses in town escaped a minute search by two or three different parties, under pretence of looking for public pro- perty. Many have bean pillaged, and some have had everything taken from them and threatened with the loss of their '' /es. We have now nearly forty wounded men to liake cp/re of, some very badly, and several amputations must take place. W e have no medical assistance for them, the surgeons haviug retreated along m ith the troops. I havd the honor to be, sir. Your most obedient servant, W. Allan, Major 3rd Reg. Vork Militia. To Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, commanding the forces at Kingston. On May 5th Sir Roger Sheaffe having: reached Kingston after his retreat from York, sent the following official account ot the matter to Sir George Ptevost ; — KiNiisTON, .May 5, 1813. Sir, — I did myself the honor of wiiting to Your Excellency on my route from York, to communicate tho mortifying intelligence that the enemy had obtained possession of that place on tiie 27th of April. I sliall now cfive Your Excellency a further detail of that event. In the evening of the 26th information was received tluvt many vessels had been seen to the eastward Very eaily the next morn- ing they were discovered lying to, not far from theharbor. .Aftersome time liad elapsed they made sail, and, to the number of sixteen of various descriptious, anchored off the shore, some distance to the westward ; boats full of troops were immediately see'i as- semi'ling near their commodcre's ship, under cover of whose lire and that of uther ves- sels, and aided by the wind they soon effect- ed a landing in spile of a spirited opposition from Major (.jivens, and about 40 Indians ; a company of Glengarry Light Infantry wliicii had been ordered to support them, wa.s liy .some mistake, (not in the smallest dotjruu imputable to its ."oinmander) led in another direction, and came late into action ; the other troops, consisting of two companies of the 8th or King's P 'gimcnt and about a company of tho R(.yul Newfoundland Regi- ment, with some militia, encountered the enemy in a thick wood. ( aptaiu McNeal of tho King's Fiegii'ieii* was killed while gallant'y '<)adiug his com- pany, wliich suffered severely ; the troop-j at lengtli fell back ; they rallied several times, but could not maintain the conte.it against the great!/ »uperi.?r and incieasin:^ number of tlie cii»my. They retired under ■ ' *j H '%l hi '*1l m fill . \l 1078 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO, { i if 1)1' it cover of our batteries which wera enf;aged with some of the eiieinj's vessels, that had moved hi^rber up the harbor. They kept up a iieavy fire on ua, acme of their guaa being thirty two pounders; to return it we had two twelve pounders and bwo old condemned eighteen pounders with- out trunions, and during p!>.rt of the time, a twelve pounder of the same deacription, wnich we had atocked and mounted ; with these defective means the enemy was kept at bay for aomc time, when, bv some unfortunate accident, the magtzine at the VV'eatern Battery blew up, and killed bad wounded a considerable number of men, and crippled the battery. It became too evident that our numbers aad meaua of defence were inadequate to the task of maintaining posseaaion of York against the vast superiority of force brought against it. The troops were withdrawn to- wards the town, and were finally ordered to n treat on the roetd to Kingston. The powder magazine w:t3 blo\(rn up, and the new ship and the naval 8:ores destroyed. Lieut. -Colonel Che wett and Major Allan, Df the militia, residents in the town, were instrncied to treat with the American cum- mandsrs for terms. A statement of those agreed on with Major-General Dearborn and Coiimodore Chaancey is transmitted to your Excellency with returns of the killed and wounded, etc. The accounts of the number of the enemy vary from eighteen hundred and ninety to three thousand. We had about six hundred, including militia and dockyard men. The [quality (k some of these troops was of so superior a description, and their general dis position so good, that un ier less unfavorable circumstances I should have felt confident of success, in spite of the disparity of num- bers. As it was. the conieori^ Prevost. It does not require any comment ; Ki.vijsTON, U. Canada, 13th May, 1813. iiK Lu&D, — I regret to have to state to your Lordship that the money in the Provincial 'J reasury fell into the enemy's hands when he obtained possession of York — it had been concealed, but the enemy threatened to de- stroy the town unless il were produced. It was given up. i do not know the exact amount, but from the best information I had been able to obttkin it was about two then sand pounds. Mr. Selby was at the time in a stale of insensibility from the illness which soon afterwards proved fatal to him. I have the houcr to be, My Lord, with great respeot, your Lordship's most obedient humble ser- vant, R H. Sheaffe, M. General, President, &c. Earl Bathurst, ^c, &3. This desp ' .i of (general Sheaffe Sir George Prevost forwarded several days liter 'x> Karl Bathurst, the ' • -etary of State "or War, together with ^t of the killed nnd wounded at a cap .ire of York. It will be seen from Sir (ireorge's letter that he did not write at all enthusiastically and that he I'videutly felt himself to be in a very awkward position. But the letter will speak for itself : — HKAnQCARTKRS, Kingston, U. C.,18th May, 1813 AlY Lord, — I have the honor of transmit- ting to your Lordship copy of a dispatch whicli I have received from Major-General Sir Roger SlieafTe, containing the particulars of an attack made by the land forces and the flotilla of the enemy upon York in Up per Canada ' on the 27th uUimo, When your Lordship adverts to the small propor- lioii of regular force as yet at my disposal and is informed that the United States have acquired a decided superiority on Lake Ontario, in consequence of their exertions during the last si.'c months to increase their marine, most particularly on that lake, whilst I have been unable to obtain from Admiral Sir John Warren a timely rein- forcement of seamen with the naval officers, who were sent by him through the forests of New Brunswick to Quebec, ^^ here they arrived on the 20th of last month, I hope your Lordship will feel disposed favorably to represent to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent the gallant efforts made by a handful of British troops for the preservation of the cost they had to defend against the numerous foi«e brought for its conquest. The enemy left York on the 8th inst. and proceeded to Niagara where 1 underatan I they landed on the American side of this lake 1,200 men, under General Dearborn, for the purpose of then gathering their ar'ny on that line and probably with o, view to make a further attempt upon Fort Erie or Fort Georae. The flotilL afterwards re- LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1079 P I the Provincial ys hands when rk— it had been [ireatened to de- e produced. Il ;now liie exact tformation I had kbout two thoQ ks at the time in the illness which I to him. I have ith great respect, ient bumble ser- ai, President, &c. iral Sheaffe Sir loveral days Uter •etary of State .t of the killed re of York. It e's letter that he astically and that be in a very the letier will U. C.,18th May, lonor of transmit- ty of a dispatch m Major-General [ng the particulars 1 land forces and )on York in Up th ultimo. When the small propor- t at my disposal United States have eriority on Lake jf their exertions to increase their on that lake, to obtain from m a timely rein- the naval officers, him througli few Brunswick •ived on the 20th ur Lordship will represent to His ince Regent the .andfulof British of the ^ost tiiev numerous force the 8th inst. and lere 1 understan 1 •ican side ot the general Dearborn, .thering their ar-ny with 0. view to pon Fort Erie or la afterwards re- turned to Sackett'a Harbor where I find from a Hag of truce which came over the day before yesterday they remained on the 14tii. From the information £ have received from an officer of the Lake Marine taken at York, and sent over in the flag of crnce I find the enemy': force at Sackett's Harbor amounts to near ",000 men, and that they were making preparations for another ex- pedition, but t'> what point the attack was to be directed I have not been able to ascertain. I have the honor to be, my Lord, your Lordship's most obedient humble servant, Gkorcje Prevost. The Right Honorable the Earl of Ba- th urst. Return of killed, wounded, prisoners and missing of the troops engaged at York under the command of Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, on the 27th ulto., Kingston, 10th May, 1813 : Royal Artillery — Killed, 3 gunners; wounded and prisoners, 1 drummer; piisou- ers, 1 bombardier, 3 gunners; missing, 1 gunner. Total — 1 bombardier, 7 gunners, 1 drummer. 8th, or King's Regiment — Killed, 1 captain 1 sergeant-major, 3 sergeants, 40 rank and file; wounded, 2 sergeants, 21 rank and file; wounded and prisoners, 1 sergeant, 25 rank and file; prisoners, 2 rank and tile; missing, 1 rank and Hie. Total— 1 captai.'i.l sergeant- major. 6 sergeants, 89 rank and tile. Newfoundland Regiment — Killed, 1 ser- geant, 1 drummer, 10 rank and file; wound- ed, 1 drummer, 6 rank and file; wounded Eind prisoners, 1 lieutenant, 3 sergeants, 1 drummer, 8 rank and tile; prisoners, 2 rank and tile; missing, 2 rank and file. Total — 1 lieutenant, 4 sergeants, 3 drummers, 28 rank md file. Glengarry Light Infantry — Killed, 2 rank and tile; wounded, I ensign, 3 rank and tile; missing, 3 rank and file. Total — 1 ensign, S luuk and file. 49th Regiment — Wounded and prisoners, !1 rank and file; Prisoners 2 rank and file. [These men were in the hospital at the lime of the action. ) Total— 5 rank and Hie. Return of killed, wounded, prisoners and miss ng — Killed, 1 captain, 1 sergeant- m ijor, 4 sergeants, 1 drumuier, 52 rank and file, 3 gunners ; wounded— 1 ensign, 2 ser^'eants, 1 drummer, 30 rank and Hie ; wounded and pi'isoner.s — 1 lieutenant, 4 sergeants, 1 drummer, 30 rank and hie, 1 driver ; prisoners — rank and Hie, 1 bomb- ardier, 3 gunners ; Missing— 6 rank and Hie, 1 gunner. Total— 1 Captain, 1 lieutenant, 1 ensign, 1 sergeant- Major, 10 sergeants, 3 Jrummurs, 130 rank and Hlc, 1 bombardier, 7 gunners, 1 driver. OtUcers killed— Capt. Neal McNea', 8tli Iviug's regiment ; officers wounded — Lieutenant De Koven, Royal Newfonndland Regiment ; prisoner— officer Ensign Robins, Glengarry Light Infantry, slightly ; general staff wounded — Capt; I.i0UQe, 104th regiment, slightly ; Incorporated Militia — Capt. Jarvis, wounded, volunteers, D. Mac- Lean, clerk of House of Assembly, killed, Mr. Hacleney, Barrack Master, bounded. Richard Leonakd, A Deputy- Assistant Adjutant- General. Edward Baynks, Adj. -General, North America. Endorsed. Roiiurn of killed, wounded and prisoners and missing of the troops engaged at York under the command of Sir Roger H. SheatTe, on the 27th ulto. Kingston, 10th .May, 1813. Lt.-Gbn. Sir G. Prkaost. No. 60, 18th May, 1813. On June 6th, 1813 was fought what is known as the battl catimi of having to transmit to your Lord- ship the particulars of a feat of distinguished valor and enterprize achieved near Burlington >>ay on the 6th instant by a division of the army CMniaanded by Col Vincent, of the 49th regiment, who is acting aa Hrigadier-(>eneral in Upper Canada, until His Koyal Highness the Prince Regent's pleasure is known. To the just measure of praise given uy Col. Vincent to Lieut. -Col. Harvey for the zeal, intelligence and gallantry dicplayed by him on this occasion. I liave to add that so great was the tiemrc of that meritorious officer to arrive at his post, and share in the arduous duties of the army to which he had been appointed, that he w Iked on snow shoes in the depth of last winter through the wilds laying between the Canadas and New Brunswick. In addition to Col. Vincent's report of the affair at Stoney C reek, I have the honor to inform your Lordship that the enemy made a move- meat to their rear in consequence of the attack of their camp, and had r<>tirecl to the 4U mile creek when Sir James Yao's flotilla had appeared in the otBng. The Commodore after communicating with Col. Vincent proceeded with the reinforce- ment of troops I had put on board his vessel at Kingston towards theenemy'ssecdud camp, and when the last intelliucuce left him his squadron had so successfully cannonaded it that the luass of the Americans were re- treating with precipitation, and our troops pressing upon them ; several of their boats had fallen into our possession. Tlie attack made upon Sackect's Hurbor, the 20th ult., which ternNuaied iu the uestruction of the naval stores accumulated at that post, in- duced the enemy's fleet to cease operating with the army, aud to return suddenly into port, since wliich time Commouoro Cbauncy lias not ventured upon the lake. Capt. McDoual, my aide de camp, will have the honor of delivering to your Lord- ship this dispatch. He is an otiicci of great merit aud intelligence, and having been sent forward with instructions to Col. Vincent, had the ^ood fortune to be present in the lasl action iu which that division of tiie army 80 highly distinguiibhed itself. iic was also at the attack made on Sackett'a Harbour, and was employed on an arduous mission to Col. Proctor, when the movement of the American army under General Harrison to- wards the Detroit frontier took place in February last. He is therefore well qualified to give your Lordship any informa- tion you may require respecting ttie state of affairs in the Canadas, and deserving of any mark of favor it may graciously please his Royal Highness the I'Tioce Regent to confer on hire. Captain McDonal will also have the honor of delivering to your Lordship the colors taken from the enemy at Ogdensburg that they may be laid at the feet of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent. I have the honor to be my Lord your Lord- ship's most obedient and humble servant, George Provost. To Right Hon. Earl Bathurst A short time elapsed and then occurred one of the moat gallant actions of the whole war, when Lieut. James Fitz-Gibbon, with a mere handful of men, succeeded in makmg priiioners of a vastly superior American force. But gallantly as Fitz Gibbon oa- (loubtedly acted it is much to be regretted that in his despatch (which is given in fall) he did not then and there acknowledge by name his indebtedness to that famous hero- ine, Laura Secord. It will be as well to let that intrepid woman tell her own story. It is contained in the following letrter : — •' Dear Sir,— I will tell you the story in a few words : "After going to St David's and the recovery of Mr. Secord, we returned again to Queenston where my courage again wa^ much tried. It was there I gained the sec- ret plan laid to secure Captain Fitz-Gibbon and his party. I was determined if possible to save them. I had mueh difficulty in get- ting through the American guards. They were ten miles out in the country. When I came to a field belonging to Mr. De Cou, In the neichborheod of the Beaver Dams, I then had walued nineteen miles. By that time daylight had left :SHIP OF Lo JTH, 24th JuN£, 181.3. Sir,— At De Cours thia morning, about 7 o'clock, I received information that about one thousand of the enemy with twogHn8,were ad- vancing toward me from St. Davids. I soon after heard a firing of cannon and aiusquetry and in consequence rode in advance two miles on the St. David's roMl. I observed by the tiring that the enemy waa moving for the road on the moantain. I aent off Cornet McKenny to oider out my detachment of the 49th, consisting of a subaltern and 16 rank and file, and closed upon the enemy to re- connoitre. I discovered him on the Moan- tain road, and took a position on an emi- nence to the right of it. My men arrired and pushed on in his front to cut ofF his re-* treat, under a fire from his guns, whieh, however, did no execution. After examining his position, I found it diOicult to approach hini, there being no wood in front or on the flanks to cover the Indians, and his force, apparently 600, 1 could not approach. I was here informed he expected reinforcements. I, therefore, decided on summoning him to surrender. After tlie exchange of several propositions between L enemy's forces, consisting of two field officers, twenty-one other ofiicers of uifferent ranks, twenty-seven non- commissioned ofiicers and four hundred and sixty-two privates, together with a stand of colors and two field pieces. The details of this gallant affair, which reflects so niucii credit on our Indian allien. LAND>'.»RKS OF TORONTO. 1083 received from nding the troops a skirmish with klry and infantry eces. t. -Col. Bishopp )eg leave to refer his report of e officers anility to carry the heights, when we could have returned upon Fort George and Niagara, or advanced upon Kingston with the co-operation of the fleet. 1 have endeavoured to e.xecute the orders given me. Success has not attended my en- deavours. " The otiicial report of the losses ou both sides was as follows : — British forces, killed 84. wounded 559, missing 193, prisoners 42; total 878. American forces, killed 171, wounded 570, missing 117; total 858. This was the last great engagement of the war fought ou Canadian territory. With those which took place elsewhere we have in these sketches no concern and all naval events on the lakes are fully described in earlier chapters. celeM atate ot thi ura ia which u rreuder, aad thi IS of attcniptiDg tc ered. Lip, the Americaiii i aud there oiict I, compelling the he losa on botl: ,t of the Americant >uuded or missing, aching 505. The St Royals, 8th and I Light Dragoons, t of the Canadiau ;ht the battle ot sides claim as a rs speak of it as the id hre very proiul I be of the bravery irs on that field of owing letter, dated 1814, addressed i)y I., to Conimodoie >Ha not looi; as ii he had gained any ■ is as follows : — one to believe that mmand would be )-operate with my irst week of July. to let the nation lad a right to e.\- !. From the 9tli e country was in irge to Barliugtoii my have been i^up- ;he depots provided utario, we should lity to carry the lave returned upon or advanced upon ration of the Heet. execute the orders t attended my en- le losses ou both 84, wounded 559, total 878. 171| wounded 570, engagement of the rritory. With those here we have in rn and all naval [uUy described in LAN DM AUKS OF TORONTO, 10S7 CHAPTER CCLXXIX. TORONTO'S EARLIER FAIRS. A Slrlklnc t'onlra»t-The Flritt itRrlcullural Kocletlcs — Parliamentary Aid — Some AniuHing BecolleetleBi. Toronto people are juit now (1M04) both ■■ntertaining and being entertained, the occa- sion being the annual Industrial l<)xhibition held in the palatial buildings erected for that purpose on the Garrison common at the west end of th« city. I he Exhibition Is without doubt a great one, and deserving of all the praise so freely bestowed upon ik by visitors, and especially by Sir John Thomp- .-on, .Mr. Mackenzie Bowell ar I Senator Fergu on in thuir speeches at the curectora' luncheon on the occasion of the formal open- iiic! by the Premier of the Dominion on Tues- day last. ■Some of the speakers at this same luncheon drew a contrast between the Exhibition as it is now and aa it was when it was first in- augurated nearly half a century since. 1 lie present exhibition sprang out of the old Provincial Agricultural Exhibition which held its first show as far back as 1846. It is uf this old institution, of the men who managed it, and of incidents connected there- with that we propose to give an account. It ii strange, but no loss strange than true, that until the year 1830, though many agricultural societies existed throughout the province of Upper Canada no recognition of chem had been taken by Parliament. P>ut in that year it entered into the minds of our legislators that this was chietly an agri- cultural country, dependent for the most part on the products of the land and the forest to provide a living for its thus rapidly increasiag population. In tke Parliamentary session of 1830 a measure which successfully passed through both the Upper and Lower houses was en- acted, entitled " An act to encourage the establishment of Agricultural societies, in the several districts of the proriuce. " THIS trSEFITL MEA9CKB contained the following provision, nameh-, "That when any society was established for the pnrpose of importing valuable live stock, grain, grass seeds or useful implements, and had £50 (|200) subscribed and paid into thfe hands of the treasurer of said society, it should then le lawful for the (iovernor to is;iue his warrant to the Receiver-General for the sum of £100 ($400) annually to such society, so long as it should continue to raise such sum of £50." In 1835 this act was amended, and in 1837 another to take its place (the former havin;{ expired) was passed, which was much more favorable to the agricultural societies, as it enacted that when the sum of £'J."i ($100) was in the hands of the troa^>urer, that Government would grunt the sum of £200 or S8Ui>. The local contribution was halTod and the Parliameutary subsidy doubled. I5ut yet more favorable conditions came into force by another act passed in 1845, which increased the subsidy OIVFN BY COVKFINMRNT to £250, at the same timo making certain regulations respecting the management of the societips, among thesu was one chat they should transuit to Parliament each year a statement ''of the expenses cf the society and the persons to whom it may have grant- ed premiums, and the objects for which such premiums were obtained." The Provincial Agricultural .-X ssociation and Hoard of Agriculture for Upper Can.ada was formed in 1846, having for its first olKcers the following gentlemen : — President, Edward William Thomson. Vice-Presidents, John Wetenhall, of Hamilton, and Henry Huttan, of Cobourg. Secretary and treasurer, W. G. Edmund- aon. These gentlemen were all well-known re- presentative man. (Jolonel Thomson resided about fire miles from Toronto where he had a farm of about one hundred acres and he also farmed about four hundred acres in an- other portion of Toronto township. Mr. John Wetenhall was also closely connected WITH AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS, and was a highly respected inhabitant of the "ambitious little city," Some of his grand- sons now fill important positions in Toronto. Mr. Rattan was the well-kno.vn sheriff of Cobourg. He possessed a variety of experi- ence, as indeed did all ot his colleagues. In early life he was engaeed in business in Kingston. He afterwards removed to Cobourg. where he held considerable pro- perty, and while there was elected to repre- sent the constituency of Northumberland first in 1820, and again in 183t), and was for some time Speaker of the House. He was also somewhat of a scientist, being the patentee of a system of watmiug and venti- lating houses, which was, as a matter of course, in his opinion, "superior tn all others then in vogue." We do not know that tliis opinion was shared by the public generally, but whether it was or not the system has long since gone out of fashion. The secce- tary and treasurer, Mr. ^V. G. Eimundson, was a capable man ot busine^is, and well fitted for the position he filled. On October 21st and 22nd in the year 1846 THE FIRST EXHIBITION was he) ' in Toronto on the grounds attached to the 01 I Government house, several of the exhibits being located in the House iti>elf. ' J! m ■I T 1088 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. On tlio evoiiiiig of the lir.Hl day a diiiiier at vvhii!lt more tliuii iwo liiinilroil ixmmoiih wore preaenl waa liolil in (iovuriiiit'Jiit home, among tli« apuakfi's l)eiii^ the lace C'liit^t iuitiee Sir Jolin lievitrluy KubiDsoii, Or. Kyeraou, and auvcrul others. On ilie follow- ing day the llonoralilo Adam Fei/uaaon, who was n well-known authority on ai^ 'icultiiru, dolivcrod an address on that aiibjugt, wliicli contuinud the foUowint; passage roferrinqf to the riews held by many people in (ireat Britain respeuting ( anada. He said : — " (,'anadu, though thousands in Britain wrapped up in wilful darkness, shiver at its iianio, ignorant alike of its real oapabilitivs and raiue, is nevertheless blessed by a bounteous Proridcnce, with every advantage which can minister to the comfort and sup- port of man. . . Of all the pursuits which engage the physical energiss or which rouse the intellectual lesourucs of our race, there is none uhich can at all BKAR ANT OOMFARISUV with the occupation of the husbandman." After dwelling on the blessings of peace, Mr. Fergusson thus canclude I : " I fenl far more intensely than I can possibly express that our rery existence as a aseful institution must altogether depend }n a tirm and scrupulous exclusion of all copies of a party or political nature from the lioard. I ttiank God we have a irreat and magnificent arena upon which every man in Canada may contend in honorable and patriotic compotilion, untainted by party jealousies or strife, and moat devotedly should we all pray that party feelin<> or party intrigue may never be known amongst us." The next year the Exhibition was held in Hamilton on October Ulh and 7th, the prizes olTered amounting to £750, or $3,000. Uover- norUeiieral theKarl of Elgin, was present at the annual dinner and made a speech, which everyone present was delighted with. In 1848 Cobourg was the place selected, and the number of days for the show to be open was extended from two to four days. THF. I'KIZE LIST was not much larger than in the preceding year, nevertheless the whole affair passed off most successfully. The " Limestone City" was the next locality fixed upon for the annual show, which took place on September 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st, 1849. The fifth and sixth exhibitions were held in Niagara and Brock- Tille, respectively, the amount offered in prizes being about the same in both cases, namely .?5,000. In 185*2 the exhibition was again held in Toronto and was a tremendous success. It took place on September 21&t, 22nd, 23rd and 24tli, on the fields which then existed north of Simooo stieot, at that lime known above Queen as William street. It is dilii- cnlt to realize that audi .should have bee i the case as every yard of thu ground is now thickly covered with house.s. I liu I'resby terian church near Simeoe .street stands almost on the spot where was the principal entrance to the fair ground. Tiiere were a very lariro number oi AMUSI.NO SIDE SIIOW.S just outside the gates. One of these was the exhibition of an aged gentleman of color, said to have reached the decidedly mature age of one hundred and seven years, and to have "spoken many times to George Wash ington. ' It would be quite easy for that to have taken place, even if the man who was exhibited had been much younger than the age claimed for him. liut crowds poured in and out of the tent all day long, cheerfully paying their York shilling. They were satisfied, and as a matter of com so the pro- moteru of the side show were also. At these provincial exhibitions almost every conceivable article useii in Canadu was exhibited, some of theexhil)it3 being ol a somewhat grotesque character. Tiiere were hor.sos and cattle, sheep and pirs, poultry of all kinds and produce of every description. There were giant pumpkin!) and mammoth squashes, and a very good trado was dono in selling the seeds of both these varieties of the vege ta')le kingdom. There were worU.s of art in wool and in crayons FEARFULLY AND WONDERFULLY executed in many cases, A favorite subject in woolwork was that of Abraham offerinL,' up Isaac. It was once remarked in reference to one of these artistic (?) productions, " that it was ugly enough to bring Abraiiam back again to protest against beinc represent- ed in such alight." That hap^ "> led now nearly forty years ago and much has been learned since then while there is this to be said even for those hideously ugly pieces of fancy work, that they were done by young women who '^ad little leisure and to deny themselves much needed to do them at all. Early in the year 1855 an oxhil place in the old Parliinnr li l<'ront street of a L:reat tared articles, some of w to exhibit at the grea^ who had recreation aon t. um of £4,870 10s., or $19,482 GO, waa accepted, and, the time being limited, the work was immediately com- menced. Towards tho expense incurred in connec- tion with the erection of permanent build- ings the City Council voted the sum of $20,000, while the County Councils of York and I'eel united and voted S''4,000. These, considering the times, were truly handsome contributions, MUCH TOO HANUSOMI thought many of the taxpayers, both in the cities and counties, nevertheless the money was paid over without any serious protest. The corner stone of tho building, known for su many years afterwards eia tho Crystal Palace, was laid on July 15th, 1858, in the presence of the Board of Agriculture, the City Council and a great number of specta- tors, by the Hon. Philip M Vankoughnet, the then Minister of Agriculture for Upper Uanada. .\ deed engrosseil as follows was deposited in a lai-i'e cavity within the stone : — 0.1 t 15lh day ot July, A.D 1858, in the22iid year of the reign of Victoria, by thp k-riii'B of (iod. Oueen Defender of the Faith, His Kxcellency Sir Kdmund Walker Head, liart, C.I!., one of Her Majesty's most honorable I'rivy Council, being liover- iior-Ccneral of llie province, this the fecunda- tion stone of a Crystal I'alace, wlicrein under tho direction of thu Provincial Agricultural Association, tho resources of Upper (!anada shall be fosteri.'d by the annual exiiibitions of the evidences of its progress in agricul- ture and TIIK INDUHTKIAL ARTS was laid by the lionorablo Philip M. Van- koughnet, President of the Kxecutivo Coun- cil and Minister of Agriculture, asHlsted by Ed ware) William ThoinHon, Ksq., Piisident of the ISnard of Agriculture of Upper Can- ada, William B. Jarvis, Kaq , President of the lioard of Arts and Manufacturei, and William Henry Houlton, ]Ln{., Mayor of tbe City of Toronto." Then followed a list of the names of the otHoers of the Provincial Agricultural Asso- ciation, of the iioard of Agriculture, the To- ronto Local Committee, and ot the architects and builders. Of those who formed the Local Committee only Mr. D. H. Head and Mr. J. E. I'ell, the evergreen secretary and collector of the St. (ioorge's Society, now remain among us. Besides this document a small number of newspapers were also enclosed in a tin case and depoaited within the cavity. Amongst those so placed were copies of the (llobt, Colcnint, Leader and Atlas. Au English half sovereign, florin, sliilling, and some copper coins were also enclosed. TUK KOYAL CANADIAN HIFLBS furnished the band for the musical portion of the day's proceedings, which passed o£F most satisfactorily The Palace was cruciform in sliape, and from the inside presented a very handsome appearance. But outside the elTeut was greatly marred by the flatness, or apparent Uatuess, of the building. it looked as if some heavy weight had been dropped on the roof, crusiiing it down. The building from cast to west was two hundred and fifty aix feat long and ninety-six feet wide. Its ex- treme height was only fifty-five feet. In the centre of the buildiuK, immediately under the dome, was a itandsorae fountain, the first of the kind ever erected in Upper Canada, which attracted a very great deal of attention and admiration froii^ everyone who saw it There were four minor jets of water rising from the central basin, and on each of these rode grotesque figures of Chinese mandarins and the typical John Bull. From the central jet rose a column of water for some five or six feet upon which ever revolving was a ^ilt hollow ball, some six I i tr ■'r t if :V >• 'fi W . I fe ■^S- H ■ * a •- i:i ■I 'it mmmm 1090 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1.1 tr inches in circumference. 'I his continued optn ior nearly a fortnight, and was very largely patruniztid. There were band con- tests open to pttrformers from all parts of (he province, besides many other ways of finding both amusement and instruction. Atnoug those who were connected with tbt old ProvinciAl Exhibitions, still extant, is Lieutenant-Colonel Oeorg^ T. Dcnison, Toronto's etiicient Police Magistrate. Jcorge r. Whitney was also one among the juniors, and no one was more popu- lar. Poor George, he soon passed away, dying before he attained his thirtieth year. He was a U.C. College boy, and was present at Ridgeway in commaud of the University company of the "Quean's Own." Then there were many others, among th«ni be'^g Kill, '• Tom" Kennedy and Mr.ra. The If^t named met his death while on his way to Kingston in 1859, falling between the boat ^.iin(r to do with the Industrial. J hey are engaged elsewhere, or do not now reside in the city, but those few who do remain have none but pleasing memories of the old Exhibitions, and of the happy days spent as the shows mo/eJ from town to (o\\n in " the days of long ago." OLD TIME EXHIBITORS. Tbe First Sbow— CUanges In tbe Province— An Imposins Denionstrution — IVell- kuown rrize Taiters— Obielete Initutttries In a preceding article on the above sub- ject a sketch has been given of the earlier shows, when they took place, the principal man who managed them and other incidents connected with iheir rise and progress. It is now proposed in this paper to give some iiarticulars of the animate and inanimate ex- hibits, of the prizes taken, and of the people who were their recipients. Of tlie show of 1846 it is not necessary to ■ay a very great deal. It was necessarily a very small affair, and as the means of trans- port for cattle and merchandise were in those days exceedingly difficult, the live stock and natural products shown were drawn almost entirely from local sources. But wheu the second exhibition was held here in 1852 great changes had taken place in the province. Roads were better, there had been a great development in the num- ber of steamboats plying upon the lakes and the population of the country had greatly increaeed also, so that those who exhibited at the show, inttead of being a' most wholly from Toronto or its immediate vicinity, were taken from almost every part of the province preceded by a batd starting and on th;: classical and other The show commenced on Tuesdav and ex- tended until the following Friday. The ad mission on the last two days was only twelve and a half cents or a York shilling. These two were the " People's days " auci on each morning the show was opened by— to quote a newspaper report of the time — " an imposing procession of several thousand people. ' 'I'he horses which were on exhibi- tion to the number of eighty headed the procession which was which playetl before march, selections of music, mostly " other; " then followed apo- plectic bulls Knd sleek kine,Bomo of the lattet having their horns fantastically ornamented with gay ribbons. The rear of the proces sion consisted of exhibitors and the genera] public in conveyances of every possible de scription and not a ^ w upon " shank: mare." The cavalcade furmed up on the old county show grounds near tbe jail on Front street and v,a the Thursday morning Dr. Widmer, who lived very near the spot, came out of hii house and wiih the critical eye of an old cav alryman inspected the horses before they started ofiT on their round. The procession wound its way by Front street to the City Hall, thence along King to Simcoe street and to the show grounds. In this year of grace the number of prizes offered by the directors of the In- dustrial Exhibition for horses exceeded two hundred, first, second and third, besides SEVERAL SILVER MEDALS. In 1852 there wervf less than three score. The President of the Association in that year offered a prize of $120 for the best agri- cultural stallion in Canada. This was won by Mr. Thomas Hlanchard, of Toronto town ship. This gentleman was a great lover of horses and spared no pains or money so as to procure the best. In carriage horses there were three prizes awarded and three only. These were secured by Mr. W. H. Dickson, of Niagara, Mr. William Allan, Moss Park, Toronto, and Mr. J. J. Ptttitt, of Sa'Mileet. Though Mr. Dickson and Mr. Allan have both paid tbe debt of natura long since, their representatives are still among us. "The three prizes tor saddle horses," com- placently rcmarki^d the Toronto Examiner, in its report, "were all taken by Toronto citizens, Messrs E. C. Jones, Grantham and Lafontaine." tSous of Mr. E. C. Jones are yet in Toronto and are as fond of a horas as ho was. For " Klood " horses the first prize was taken by John Huntingford, of Toronto township, the second by Ueorge Cooper, oi the same place, and the third by \V. U. I: Li- XANDMARKS OF TOF.ONIO. 1091 Tu«Bdav and ex- Friday. The ad ) daya was onlj a York shilliDg. iple's days " aud ■ was opened by— •t of the time — ( bsveral thousand h were on exhibi- eighty headed the ceded by a, baL'd rtint; and on th;: ssical and other hen followed apo- I, some of the lattet ically ornamented iar of the proces s and the general very possible de w upon " shank E 3 on the old county 1 on Front street ning Dr. Widmer, )oc, came out of hit .1 eye of an old cav horses before thev The procession itreet to the City ) Simcoe street and e number of prizes )r8 of the lu- >rses exceeded two lud third, besides HBUALS. than three score. Association in that 10 for the best agri- ,da. This was won d, of Toronto town- M a great lover of na or money so as carriage horses Rwarded and three •ed by Mr. W. H. Mr. Williaai Allan, Mr. J. J. Fettitt, Dickson and Mr. e debt of nature iiitatives are stiU addle horses," com- torouto Examiner, taken by Torouto Jones, Grantham of Mr. E. C. Jones e as fond of a horse ,he first prize was gford, of Toronto George Cooper, oi 1 third by VV. U. Dickson, of Niagara. Joh' Funtingford v/as both farmer and horse-breedor, and was very prowd of his cattle. Geo. Cooper lived at that tiue in a large frame house on the aonth-east side of Dundas street about the eighth of a mil* north of the second cr.nces- sioD, now known as Bloor street \Vest. Part of his house remains standing now, and is used as a manufactory.chiidron's carriages being n'.ade there. He was a very eccentric, but a most upright and honorable man aiul was a well-known figure at all of the exhibi- tions He built abouVlS^S a largo brick house for his own occupancy on the Daven- port hill overlooking the station of that name on the thctz Northern, now Grand Trunk Railway. Mr. Cooper was a remark- able example of perseverance; he had not the advantage of much education and heqan work at a very early age, yet he acquired a handsome fortune entirely by his own exer- tions. Anoth*>r prize taker at thii exhibition was Judge Mci^ean, of Toronto, he taking first prize for the best thoroughbred two-year-old tilly. Ihere are many wiio remember the learned judge, his earnest face, diguitied de- portment and haliitual courtesy In this year's list there are prizes for "Hunters, 'for "Kackneys," for " I anc'cms," and "Four-in-Hands." Our fathers and grandfathers 'vould have simply stood aghast had any proposition been mailc to them tiiat they should compete in sucli classes. Some of them had heard of all four very possibly. A few had seen the "I'andcm c:iub" drive out from the barracks during the winters of 1839-42, but they generally looked upon it as frivolou'), if not ridiculous, and fit oiily for officers of the army who had no I etter means oi occupying their time. But had they been asked seriously to exhibit a "Fourin-Hand" INDKJNATION AND AMAZKMENT would hare tilled them, that anyone could think them capable of indulging in such fobiish extravagance. The times have changed since then. Hlvery- one now is familiar with " luinters " and " four-in-hands " and no one is considered to be "putting on frills " because he indulges himself one way or the other. In horned catile the following were the olbises : — Durhamt, Devons, HereforJs, Ayrshires, besides a separate class each for "Grades "and " Fat cattle." The total anmber of prizes was one hundred atid two Those oflfered this year reach nearly four hundre'i. In Durham cattle Haron troet on the north. A SINGITLAR CIRCCMSTANCE ociiurred in the Hertford class. There were only 5ve prizes offered, and every one ol these was secured by I'aron de Longueuil. Their total value was only $81. This year they exceed $400, and in addition there ate two silver medals. In sheep in the Leicesters the principal pr'zes were t,aken by John and George Miller, of Markham, and by Nathaniel Cooper, of Toronto. In the Merinos and Saxon'-, with one single exception, the whole of the prizes were taken by Nathan Choatp, of Hope, and John Lan^staife, of Kiclimoud Hill. In the .Southdo« ns Edward Joiies,of .Stamford, took nearly all the prizes, though it must he con- fessed he was not very s>reatly enriched thereby, as they only amount i in the aggre- gate to a trifle more than $130. There were very few prizes offered tor pigs, and tlie.so were principally taken by Mr Thomas Mus.son, of Etobicoke, (who that once knew genial " Tom ' does nob ro member liiti with affection?) Dempster Smith, of Trafalgar, and John P. \N' heeler, of Scarborough, Tiie txhibits of poultry were comparative- ly tfw; thirteen prizes were awarded, these falling for the most parh to George Miller, Marl.ham, J. G. Home, R. A. Goodenough I anil the Hon. W illiam Allan, of Toronto, (ieorge Miller was or'.e of the most noted agriculturist of his day. tlverylhing he did as a farmer he did well and few men were more useful to the comnuinity, among whi::li they dwt'lt than he was. Ke.specting the horlicultui-al exhibits a newspaper of the time gave the followin;; very Mattering report under the heading of '■ Tbi; Garden. ' Gratifying as must have be«n the exhi- ' .cioi. jf live stock and the shaped commo- dities of the (icld to every inteliiijeiit lover of his country, and proud, ns were the feel- ings which it was calculated to inspire, it wcs not without an incrcasinrr sense of pleasure I I .'' }> 5-.'!'/f -^r^T^f^^^P!?" 1092 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. that we vUited the Floral Hall. Hera the C leasing and the useful were moat sweetly lended. In a building of considerable length, with the entrance fro'.n the south end, wore arranged a splendid vriety of the choicest garden fruits, including apples of nearly onu hundred varieties, pears, plum , peaches, grapes, pumpkins. Grapes were shown by Mrs. S.A. Boulton.of Toronto, and the same lady also carried the first prize for winter pears.* * * In this building the atten- tion of visitors was arrested by the gigantic squashes exhibited by Mr. Gordon, of Yonge street, some of which were so ponderous that the strength of a man of ordinary muscular ability would iiava been required to raise them from the ground. In agricultural pro lucts the Canada Com- pany's prize of $100 for the best 25 bunheis of wheat was won by J. U. Carpenter, of Townsend. Toronto farmers did not make a Tery good show in this class, those who took prizes being very few; among them were Alexander Shaw, P. Armstrong, R. L. Denisou and Lewis Kate. Captain Shaw took prizes for hemp and flnv ".ul for sn ar beets, for mammoth fsquashes and for broom corn brush. His iuuu Nva.i situated jiissl eabt of Duu- uas street, near Trinity University, and was known as Oak Hill. Shaw street gets its name from the captain's family. The ground is now coveied with residences and not a vestige of the old farm buildings remains, and yet the old h use possessed an historic interest as it was fur a brief period a royal residence when the Duke of Kent visited York nearly a centurv ago. Lewis Bate, who took a prize for Swede turnips, was not only a small farmer, but he also kept the Queen's Head tavern on the corner of Dund as and Queen streets, where the Dominion Bank now stands lie I'as a good-hearted man and a great gossip. Notliing delighted liim more than to have the uudergraduates from Trinity University, then very recently opened, call at his house, %vhen he would listen to thcii narrations or tell a variety of stories to entertain them with equal pleasure. The implements .shown were rough copies of what is new to ie found at the West-end. Some of those who have exhibits this year at the industrial were represented then, and there wai nothing in the articles shown to call for any particular notice or comment. In the "Cabinctware and Carriiiiris'' class F. C Scaile',',, of Etobicoke and Toronto, took prizos for sawed pine and best Bpeoi- mens of oak. He also secured a prize for tho " besi ox yoke and bows.' Scarcely any of the men who now farm near Toronto know even what an ox yoke i.s Yet it is less than fifty years sinse wood and produce were brought into Toronto market by th« aid of a yoke of oxen. Samuel Scarlett, a brother of Ed- wards, also took a prize for the best dozen of '* turned broom h mdles," while Francis Silverthorne and Peter Dache were award- ed premiums for flour barrels. £dward and Saniuel Scarlett were brothers, sons of John Scarlett of Bunui- mede, on Dundas street to the extreme west of Toronto Junction, the house being stand- ing and iu good preservation. Edward re- sided near Weston and Samuel on the banks of the Humber at no great distance from Lanibton. The latter eventually settled in the North-we. Humber. Among the exhibitors and prize takers in " Domestic Manufactares " are found a great many well known names. J. R. Armstrong & Co , and G.H.Cheney, of Toronto, with Oliver T. Macklem, of C lippewa, took prizes for stoves, no one else having even a ''look in." Not to know any one of these firms in the "forties" and "fifties" was to write yourself down un- known. Though none of these firms now exist many of the descendants of the men who composed ttiem are still in the city. In the ladies' daparDment the display of wax figures, artificial flowers, crochet work a«d fancy knitting, was " in gorgeous pro- fusion," as it was described by a writer iu the local press, who added, " Our common jtlace notions led us to admire the substantial, cosy, and tlaboralely wrought quilts ex- hibited by Mrs. Phoenix, Miss Chapinan, Mrs. Thomson and others, as much as the elegant specimens of embroidery. " Mrs Phoenix was from Trafalgar ; Miss Chap:nan belonged to a well-known Scar- boro fa iiily, and Mrs. Thomson was the wife of John Thomson, who lived in a cottage on the north side of Queen street, east of the Don. The road was then known as Kings ton road, and why it was ever altered is one of those things " that nobody can under stand." .Among the " Miscellaneous class " w«re exhibits of the following all but forgotten articles : — Melodcons, seraphims, grain i^iM<)!("* !ind grape prrserves, whatever tli*i last may be. rs sinse wood into Toronto a yoke of irother of Ed- Iho best dozen • while Fcancis ,e were award- ''Searlett were rlett of Runni- he extreme west use being staud- ,n Edward re- lu'el on the banks t distance from eniually settled he died Beveral to very nearly he shores of the er d^ysof 1893. )ache were very ,er belonged to the valists ; the latter He lived at Lamb- tbe south-eastern overlooking th«. ind prize takers in " are found a great , and G.H.Cheney. r T. Macklem, ot or stovea, no one in " Not to know tlie "forties" ana ourself down uu- of these firms now .dants of the men stiU in the city, tient the display ot iwers, crochet work ' in uorgeous pro- ibed bv a writer m imi " Our common fmire the substantial, wrought quilts ex- ix Miss vJbapnian, thers, as much as g of embioidery. |m Trivfa'icar ; Miss la well-known Scar- feomson was the wife luved in a cottage on n street, east of the ,en known as Kmgs ,B ever altered is one nobody can under llaneouB class were Ing all but forgotten '^seraphims Lt'ives, LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. i093 grain whatever tli*i ! here was also a prize for clue awarded to Mr. (!'arr. It will be news to many to Irara that this glue factory was on the Cistern side of Church sire t, jut north of Carlton, and that beyond was what was known as Woods' bush. Churcti street ter- minated at this point, as do likewise these reminiscences of " Toronto's Earlier Fairs." CHAPTER CCLXXX. THE OLD CRYSTAL PALACE. Sir Kdiiiund llentl— DIstlnsKlstaed VUlton — "<'hevaller)i d'lndnstrle"— A Koand of Aiiiu. ' ' The prosperity of Canada depends on the St. ijawrence, it is tlie life blood of the country. The all important thing for the future of Canada, for its wealth and national existence is its control of those great masse* of water." THE GOV'ERNOR-QE.NKUAL after again complimenting tlie President aud committee of the Association on the s .ccesd of their enterprise, declared the Exh bition opened A report in one of the Toronto daily papers of the time says : — •* The Choral Society then performed th< chorus 'The Heavens are Telling,' by Haydn, in a splendid style. This produc- tion of the master mind of the ureat com- poser was well rendered, and at its conclu- sion a clap of rejoicing was raised from one end of the building to the other." Besides the distinguished visitors who as- sisted at the inaugural ceremony, there wer« also present a great number of the light fingered gentry, otherwise pickpockets, who plied their trade with unwearied assiduity. Many serious robberies were reported, in one case a farmer being relieved of more than $500. There is scarcely anything, though, which has not a ludicrous side at- taching to it, and so it was in the case ol the losses caused by these pickpockets. A number of gentlemen were gatiiered to gether in the committee room of the .Associa- tion, and the chairman referred to the necea sity for caution in carrying th^ir money owing to the great number of robberies that had taken place. One of his hearers who had but just returned from a lengthy tour in Europe assented to the truth of the chairman's remarks, adding that if meu would cany their money in theii' trousers pocket they would be quite .^ure uot to lose it. Growing enthusiastic in his re- marks, he said ; " I liavix hundred and twenty-tive were sold yester- day (i huriiday), and upwards of nine feliuu- land Were admitted on the payment of a quarter of a dollar." Visitors were present from every part of the province, from Quebec, Montreal ftnd even from Halifax. The Grand Trunk railway carried passengers at single fares for the return journey and the steam- boat owners did the same. Writing after THK CLOSE OF THE EXUIBlTIOtf % Toronto paper wrote thus on the large Qumber of those present: "The lar^e concourse of people present at the inauguration of Wednesday, consider- able as it was, was exceeded on 1 hursday, aot less than twenty thousand being present. As on the preceding day, only one opinion prevailed in reference to the Exhibition, which was that of complete satisfaction both with the display itself and with the excellent manner in which ail the araange- nents hud been curried out. "Not only was the Crystal Palace itself srammed to overflowiu({, but *he entire city itself presented a scene of animation which in all probability has never before been squalled. King street especially wore from the number of pedestrians who paraded it sll day, an appearance which reminded one itrongly of Cheapside or Ikoadway at the busiest hour of the day. How all our visit- trs procured accommodation is a mystery to M but the initiated, but certain it is that ao great amount of inconvenience has been •xperienced by the welcome strangers. But Toronto has already so much of tue attri- butes of a real metropolis about it, that it can engulf a large amount of extra popula- tion without overtaxing; its powers of accom- modation. This fact will no doubt serve it in good stead when the question of fixing upon a permanent site for the annual hold- ing of the Provincial Exhibition comes to be considered." Lnt in addition to the Exhibition Toron- to offered boats of attraotiona to its many visitors. At the Romaine build- ings there was a bazaar where young ladies in the daintiest of uostum ■ acted aa ama« teur saleswomen, dispensing coffee at SS cents a cup and eakea r 10 cents each, with the most praisewortuy perseverance. There was no charge to go in, or if ao.it was a very small one, but there was a great deal to pay before one could get out. But the public liked the fun ; the young ladiee en- joyed the work, and the funds of the church were benefitted, besides, it was exhibition time, and every one was in a good humor, no all were satisfied. Then there were races during the week on Gates' Newmarket course, where the sport- inn portion of the visitors were able to put in a good time and back the favorite or an outsider, accordiug to their own swest will. Not a tew took advantage of the opportuui ties allbrded them. Besides these attractions there were yacht races on the bay. Among the compeMtora appear such well-known names as £. M. Hodder, Overton Gildersle.ve and Saiu Sherwood. The first of these, L>r. Hodder, who resided on the south side of Quesn street west, nearly opposite Csllege avenue, was for many years Commodore of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, .^n excellent portrait of the accomplished surgeon and COOL, CAUTIOUS, \ACHTSMAN adorns the reception room of the R. C. Y. Club's spacious home on tlie Islai d. Over- ton Gilderaleeve was an old U. C. College boy and and a brother of Charles Gilder- sleeve who is also, like all his family, a born sailor. They are both sons of the well known Gilderaleeve who l.uilt the Charlotte, that dear old craft which seventy years ago plied from Kingston to the Bay of Quints ports. What with bazaars, horse races, yacht races, the conclusion might safely be ar- rived at that with these, in additien to the attractions offered by the Exhibition, the in- habitants of Toronto had amusements suffi- cient. But the conclusion would be errone- ous, there was much more to interest them. The i oronto firemen held high carnival and gave Hi great demonstration, in addition to their own strength they invited the atten- dance of the fire brigades from London, Hamilton and Cobourg and marched iu pro- cession throughout the city on Friday in the first week of the Fair. The order of march was as follows : — Hand of Toronto Hre brigade. Mr. James Ashfield, Chief Engineer, and deputies. The Hook and Ladder Cocipany. No. I "Phoenix" Company, Toronto Firs Briga e. The London Fire Brigade. No. 2 "Rescue,' Toronto Fire Brigade. No 3 "British America," Toronto Firs Brigade. mulla'net's brass band. The Hamilton Fire Brigade. No. 4, "Victoria," T.F.B ; No. 6, " De luge, • T.F.B. ; No. 6, " Provincial,' T F. B. The Cobourg brigade fround up the pro- oeasion. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 109S [s of the church was exhibUion good humor, no ng the week on here the sporl- ere able to pat • favorite or »n own 8W«"st will. i the opportuni- there were yacht the comper.itora names as E. M. e ve and Sasn 886, L»r. Hodder, I side of Queen Call«S« a'0"*> dore of the Royal excellent portrait a and dCHTSMAN ,f the R. C. Y. a lilat d. Over- d U. C College Charles GiWer- his family, a born 8ons of the well uilt the Charlotte, seventy years ago it, Bay of Quints irse ght races, yacht safely be ar- additien to the Exhibition, the in- amusements sum- would be errono- to interest them, high carnival and la addition to ivited the atten- from London, d' marched in pro- ;y on Friday in the as follows :— gade. hief Engineer, and (Doaipany. uiy, Toronto Firs ^•- . u 10 Fire Brigade. ca," Toronto Firs 33 BAND. ■f.B; No. 6, "Ha- rovincial,'' T F.B. Uouud up the pro- No one wishes for a moment to go back to the days of the hand engines and volun- tary firemen. Yet there was a picturesque side to the old-time firemen that docs not now attach to ths much more efficient body possesbed by Toronto. There was a rivalry then butweon «he various companies as to which could turn out in the smartest style and whose engine could throw a stream of water the highest. The various engines were all part and parcel of the life of the town, and at a fire it was considered no ■mall privilege by youths and men to be able to take a hand at the breaks. " Good, old Rescue, well done, No. 2," would resound from the crowd surrounding that engine during the progress of a fire, while perhaps from a similar conerregalion around the "Phoenix" or "Deluge" would be heard the cry of " Broak her down, boys ; you're higher than No. 2 ; break her down " To return to the procession, It formed up on Duke street and proceeded via Frederick to King, thence by York tO Front, along that thoroughfare tu Y^onge street as far as Queen, thence to Bathurst street, where it dispersed. THE SCARLET COATED FIREMEN. The gaily caparisoned horses drawing the engines which were all profusely decor- ated, the floating banners precedin^r each CO np.my, and the music fiom the various bai d: , all combined to make the scene a mo&t imposing one. Thii nfiwspapers of *.he time .spoke of this procession ami the one by torch light which took place the same evening, as " being the grandest things of the sort that had ever taken place in Toronto," another report Eays: " The display was in every way creditable and was much enjoyed by tlie thousinds of people at present in the city." There were a greater number of entries of stock, implements and produce at tho 18.58 Exhibition than in any year preceding it, and the exhibits themselves were superior iu quantity as well a.s in quality. The prucipal prize takers were the fol- lowing : F. W. Stone. Guelph, $272; W. Rod- dick, Port Hope, §210; G. and W. Miller, Markham, $196 ; \V. H. Lock, Yarmouth, $191 •• Richard L. Denison, Toronto, $122; Jacob Ryiiial, Wentworth, $102, and I G. Turnbull, of South Dumfries, who took the Canada Company's prize of $100 for wheat. MANY CURIOUS ARTICLES were exhibited, anung them bein;,' a model of H. M. ships Niagara and Agamemnon laying the first Atlantic cable A model of the " paying out " process was also ex- hibited. In the northern transept, on its western side, was a huge bookcase containing one hundred copies of the Bible printed in aa many different languages. This case from its absolute no^ elty and unique character drew crowds of observers. Not very far from this was '. "Diagram of a Million Units," constructed by John Damp, of Davenport. This diagram w»b intended to show the VBstness of that number and the capabilities of a million of money. Damp was an Eng- lishman who came to Toronto about 1856 from Newport, Isle of Wight, he was a builder and a carpenter and resided in a pretty house on Davenport road almost op- posite Churchill avenue, he was fond of lecturing on this pet subject, " A Million of Units" and lectured very well. He long since left Davenport where he was a very useful man. In fruit, plants and flowers the prize takers numbered J. D. Humphreys, ^^ . A. Baldwin, Judge Harrison and Professor Hir&chfelder. The latter is still amongst ns, hale and vigorous, though the day is fast approaching when he will be almost our ' oldest inhabitant." One other name also appears in the prize list for 1858, that of Mrs. C. P. Traill, of Rice liftke, for "the best collection of native plants dried and named." Few names are more honored in the history of Canadian literature than this lady's, none more de- servedly so. Nothing but what is pleasant attaches to the honored trio of women writers, all more or less connected with Canada, and all related, Traill, Strict; land and Moody. " They did what they could" for the good of tiieir country afld the credit of themselves and theii familiei. CHAFTKR~CCLXXXL CURIOUS OLD BOOK. An Adverllsomciit Milli an Apology— Sin* giilnr (iiroiioloslrnl Table- 4M«I Civil !>er* vants— The Old .llllitla Force. An old volume lies on the table as we write. It is not bound in " boards," or even in "paper" cover. It is simply stitched in pamphlet form, and contains about ninety p iges. It is entitled " The York Almanac and Provincial Calendar for the year 1821." It purports to have been issued " By Authority ' from the office of the Upper' Canada Oazefle, York, where it was printed and sold. In the middle of the first page are THE CALCULATIONS FOR THE MERIDIAN OF YOUR, UI'PER CANADA. North Lat. 43° 39' 10". \Ve«t Long 78° 4' 11". This table and the other matter just men- '; '■: jl 'H ^^TT lOM LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. tiooad is the whole of what >'s to bo fouud on page number one. There is no preface, but th^re is what M ould nnw-a-days be called one under the style of " ftdTertisement, ' which sets forth that owing to unexpected circumstances the publication of the Calendar has been delayed and that the editor has been compelled re- luctantly th omit several articles at first in- tended to be inserted. It continues " Not- withstanding much pains were taken to ob- tain accuracy, yet it being the tir.st publica- tion of the kind attempted in this province, many errors were unavoidable." THE DOCUMENT IS UATBO York. Jan Ist., 1821. The almanac proper begins with a table of "Epochs and common notes for the year 1821, beint; the tirai after Bissextile or leap year." Most of these "notes' are still to be found in all almanacs issued even now. i'>ut such as the following are now never seen: "The year 1821 is 329 years since the discovery of America ' ; and "30 years since the divis- ion of the Province of Quebec into the pro- vinces of Lower and Upper Canada. The monthly calendars present no object of comment; they are exactly the same as t hose inserted now in all similar publica- tions. But succeeding them is an interesting table entitled "A Chronology of Remarkable Occurrences since 1,700." There are many note^Northy incidents in European and Asiatic history recorded, but strangely enough in a Canadian almanac, scarcely a single item relating to Canada. The death of Wolfe, the division of Canada into the two provinces, the arrival of Simcoe, the death of Brock, and the battles of Lake Erie and Lundy's Lane are all omitted, why it is difficult to say, as the work was intended for Canadian readers. Following this come the names of the King and royal family of Great Britain, and the Cabinet Mi' isters of the time. As re- gards these the first is incomplete, and the second incorrect, but considering how very slowly news travelled in those days, perhaps that is not much to be wondered at The name of no less a person than THE PRINCESS VICTORIA in omitted from the list of t^e Royal family as is also that of her cousin Prince George of Cambridge. The names of her present Majesty's mother, the Duchess of Kent, also that of the late Duchess of Cambridtre are also left out, so it is plainly evident that the publisher, or editor rather, of this book was not very conversant with what he was at- tempting to do . After the names of the Cabinet Ministers h a very curious table headed " Chronologi- cal epitome of the History of England from the Norman conquest to the present time, exhibiting the successions in the monarchy, the ages of the several sovereigns, when they began to reign, and the duration of their reigns, the principal statesmen, military characters, men of genius, and particular events." Succeeding this,taking up a page to itself, is the name, style, titles and various offices held by the Earl of Dalhuusie U.C.B. the then Governor (General " in and over the Province of Lower Canada, Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswiclr * * and in the Islands of Prince Edward and Bermuda." Lord Dalhousie had a tolerably extensive command as there were garrisons from Pene* tanguishone to Halifax and from there to Bermuda. It is basely rumored that the noble Lord and gallant soldier never even saw the former once famous military station, and now equally famous summer resort for tired Torontonians and explorers from a city some 40 miles to the west of us, but that probably is a baseless invention. He did come to York ; there is no doubt whatever upon that point. After the almanac disposes of the Cover" nor-General it gives complete lists of the officers in the Canadian civil service, THE UOUSR OF ASSEMBLY, the Legislative Council, Executive Council, Court of Kings Bench, "Clergy of the Established Church" — that has a strange sound to us nowadays. It is hard even to imagine such an institution ever even existed in our midst. Also the names of "Commissioners appointed to ad- minister the oath of allegiance " besides the names of " Commissioners under 58 Cleorge III. Chap. 12, vesting the estates of certain traitors, and also of persons declarod aliens, in his Majesty." The names of a great many other publie functionaries are then given and lastly a complete militia list, tables of population and names of postmasters m Upper Canada. The Civil list is headed with the names of the Lieutenant-Governor, Major-C^eneral Sir Peregrine .Vlaitland, KC. B. In addition to belongine to this English order of chivalry, he was a Knight of the Russian order of Si George and of the order of William in the Netherlands. His private secretary was Major Hillisr, of the 74th Regiment,who died in India dur- ing the '•' forties.' Mrs. Hillier was a daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel James (livins formerly of the Queen « Hangers. She survived until the spring of 1894, dying in London, England, at an advanced age. The clerks in the Lieutenant Governor's office were Messrs. !«■ warn of England from le present time, n the monarchy, reigns, when they uration of theii ttsmen, military I, and particular p a page to itself, id various offices usie G.i;.B. the * in and orer the a. Upper Canada, iclr * * and iu the and Bermuda." terably extensive rrisons from Pene- bnd from there to imored that the aldier never even 8 military station, ummer resort for plorers from a city it of us, but that ventioii, doubt He did whatever ses of the Gover< lete lists of the nl service, iSEMBLY, Izecutive Council, "Clergy of the lat has a strange jrs. it is hard an institution nidst. Also the appointed to ad- ance " besides the I under 68 Cieorge estates of certain as declarsd aliens, many other publie iven and lastly a )les of population in Upper Canada, with the names of Major-('eneral Sir B. In addition to order of chivalry, ussian order of Si if William in the as Major Hillisr, died in India dur- rs. Hillier was a at-Colonel James the Queen » until the spring ondon, England, rhe clerks in the iice were Messrs. THE YO^K ALMAJSfAC, AND PROVINCIAL CALENDAR, FOB THE VEAR 1821. THE CALCULATfOTJS FOn'THE MfRiD/AN 0^! YORK, UPPE-IJ-GANADAj North Lat.J$°"30' Id" Jff^est Long. 78<* 4*^H" np. 1096. printBd and -sold at'The upper-c-/ GAZETTE. 0"F;PK;E, tOfiK. ^ KA.. siMtLB OK TITLK PAGE OF FOTHERUILL'S AT.MANAC FOR ,821. See pp. um, imi 'C. .■?- ij II iii|in|i(. ii"iw!ipi>iiwi|iyii"f,* » t I i in 1 wmm wm mmm wmm LANDMARKS OF 1 OROX 1 O. 1007 Edward NfcMftlion, John Lyons and Tliomas Fitzgerald. Following the namas of the Lieutenant- Governor and his suite are those of Ih* members of the Legislative Council, twelve in all, namely, Chief Justice I'oweil, who was Speaker ; Dr. Jacob Mountain, Bishop of Quebec ; the Honorables I homas 8cott, James Baby, John McUill, Thomas Talbot, William Glaus, Thomas Clark, William Dickson, I homas Frazer, Neil MoLtan and ()reorge Crookshank. After the Bishop of Quebec, the next name is that of Thomas Scott, afterwards chief justice. Scott street, Toronto, derives its name from THE LKARNEU JUDGE, whose resilience closely adjoined the street which now bears his name. Mr. Scott was the first chairman of the ' Loyal and Tatriotis Society of Upper Canada," which was founded in York in 1812, during the war. The Chief Justice during the war issued a circular to the British public asking for funds (to enable the society to prosecute its work) which contains the following statement :— " That the subscription of the Town of York amounted in a few days to £S75 Ss Od currency, dollars at fire shillings each, to be paid annually during the war, . .lohn Mc- Gill, often known as Captain McGill, was one of the first officials who were appointed by General 8imcoe, being commissioner of stores at Niagara in 1793. His name is per- petuated iu McGill street, 'J'oronto. The . family residen-ie was between Queen, Church, Shuter and Bond streets. Thomas Talbot was the celebrated founder of the Tklbot settlement, owning nearly the whole of the township of Aldborough. Ex- cept during t he PARLI.\MEN'TART SESSION he was never a resident in Toronto, William Glaus belnnge 1 to Oxford and was " lieuten- ant of the county," an office that very soon became obsolete. He had no direct con- nection with Toronto. Thomas Clark was the welNknown Colonel Clark of Niagara; he was a very prominent figure in the re- joicings wbich took place on the second visit to Canada of H. K. H. the Duke of Kent, in 1799. William Dickson was one of the Niagara family, luul Thomas Frazer was from I'rescott. Neil McLe^bn was from Cornwall, and had been ( ommissary of Provisions in the first days of the colony. George Crookshank was for some time R«* ceirer-Genoral of the Province. His house was on Front street, bounded on the west by Peter street. Crookshank's lane, now Bathurst street, was called after him. Of the officers attached to the Lecrislatire Council none call for special comment ex- cepting the chaplain, the honoratile and ven- erable Archdeacon, afterwards Bishop, John Straohan. Succeeding the names of the LesislatiTo ■Council come the names of those gentlemen who composed the House of Assemhly. Among these Alexander McDonell, of Glen- garry, belonged to the same family as the celebrated Roman Catholic Prelate of the same name. Philip VanKoughnet was fath- er of the statesman who for some years was Minister of Agriculture. Jonas Jones be- longed to a prominent Brock ville family. Allan McLean, Christopher and Daniel Hag- erman, Henry Ruttan, Peter and John B. Robinson, besides numerous others in thia list BELONGED TO FAMILIES, every one of > hich have made their mark in the history of the Dominion. Peterborough derives its name from Petor Robinson, while the Hamiltons were lone prominent as shipbuilders. The members of the House were as fel- lows : — Glengarry— Alexander McDonell, Alex- anJer Mc^lartin. Prescott and Russell — William Hamiltcn. Stoimont — Archibald McLean, Philip Van- kou'zhnet. Dundas— Peter Shaver. Grenville — Walter F. (by, George Crook shank, James Macaulay, \\ illiuin Allan, Grant Powell and Peter Robinson. J. b Macaulay was clerk and Josepii Wells wa« special receiver. The last named official Mus far barter known as Colonel Wells He belonged formerly to the 43id Regiment and had seen hard service in the Peninsular war. He was at the Battle of Badajoz, receiving the gold medal for his distinguished services, lie resided in a large two-storey, rough oast house overlooking the city on Davenport hill, some few hundred yards from where now runs Spadina road The house is still standing and in excellent preservation. Col Wells' eldest son was also an officer in th« army, belonging to the 1st Royals, and diJ gallant service in the Crimea It is relatcil of him that when a boy at Upper Canada Colle.tie, during the troublous period o: LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1099 believa that it iy r«o«at perivd namn of the . huroh," but it ly reUrs to Up- b ir.u»i al«o m ero »U Anglican OP of Quebec ; he Rot. OKill lan Miiiionary, D.D., Bie.op'i ,n,Ni»g«ra ; R. Mountain, Chap- J.rnwall : Hon. , York ; Rev. jurg ; R«v. ^ \V. Sampson, Brock ville and Ferth ; Rev. W. ■. J. Thompson, v. J. Stoughtoii, ittown ; Rev. H. ,T. VV. Leeming, : Rev. W. C ev. B. B. Stevens, C GIVEN le of profeaaional nd attorreys. A* J lawyers in any ixceed in numoer re years ago such been the case in e, as ihere were of the l«gal pro- iuce. commissioners lu estates of certain IS declared aliens " George Crook ' \\ illiaiii Allan, Robinson. J. B Joseph Wells waa last named offioial Bts Colonel Wells to the 43id en hard service |ar. He was al receiving the goU shed services. U« •storey, rou^h cast 3ity on Davenport yards from where The house is still preservation. Col [so an officer in tha at Rovals, and diJ imea ' It is relateii ' at Upper Caiuida ouulous period o: 1837, he organised and drilled a oem- pany of nadeta drawn from the pupils at- tending that lohool. These embryo warriors were not armed with anything more for- midable than broomsticks, nevertheless it is en reoord that they offered their services to Sir Francis Bond Head "to assist in the suppression of the rebellion." It is al- most needless to say that the offer was DIOLINED WITH THANKa After the nanes of these commissioners comes ft list of doctors who formed the first Medical Board in Upper Canada, under an Act of the Imperial Parliament passed two years previously. They were James Maoaalay, Christopher Widmer, William Lyons, Robert Kerr, William Warren Bald- win and Grant Powell, with William Lee as secretary. In 1819 Land Boards were appointed throughout the Province, among the nism- bers were the Roman Catholic Bishop Mc- Donell, Adiel Sherwood, Thomas Markland, G. H. Markland, Walter Boswell, J. 0. Bethune, Rev. VV. Macaulay, Francis Baby and many other well-known names. Acompletelistof magistrates for the whole of the province follows. There were 316 in all, divided among ten districts. Follow- ing these are the names of the commissioners appointed to " administer the oath of alle- giance," the oiBciala in the Surrogate and District courts, the sheriffs, treasurers and Clerks of the Peace in the several districts, together with thi; names of the inspectors of (hop and tavern licenses, and the culiect.ors of customs. An interesting table is that eiving the names of the various " District School Masters" Among them all THERE IS NOT A SI.NQLB NAME which is not a Canadian household word . They were these : — Eastern district. Rev. J. Leeds ; Johns- town district. Rev. J. Bethune ; Midland district, Rev. J. Wilson ; Newcastle dis- trict. Rev. W. Macaulay; Home district. Yen J no. Straehan, D.D. ; Gore district, Rev. R. Leeming ; Niagara district, Rev. J. Burns; London district, Rev. J. Mitchell; Western district, Rev. W. Merrill. The civil service list concludes with the names of tha registrars of countles,coroner8, the public notaries, the licensed deputy inrveyors and the "inspectors of beef, pork, flour, pot and pearl .'ishes. " Glancing for a moment at the names of those men who formed the Medical Board the first given, that of .lames Macaulay, de- mands some notice. His careitr began with thu regime of Governor Simcoe. He was a member of the Lieutenant-Governor's staff, tad then became Inspector-General of Hospitals. Subsequently ha was appointed to the newly formed Medical Board, of which HE WAS THE SENIOR MEHBRB Dr. Macaulay was a Scotchman, born in 1759, and entered the army as surgeon to the 33rd Regiment about 1785. Afterwards he became surgeon to the Queen's Rangers of which corps Simcoe was Lieutenant ColoneL Dr. Macaulay left the army when the Rangers were disbanded and took up hia residence in a cottage house to the south of where now stands Holy irinity Church. It was almost opposite the southern transept of the church and remained standing until about 1849 when it was destroyed by fire It was known as Teraulay Cottage, and there Dr. Macaulay died January 1st, 1822. Ihe York Obaerrer thnt chronicle* the event : — "It becomes our painful duty to crmmuni cate to the readers the decease of Dr. Ma- caulay of this town. In the deati) of this truly valued member of society, charity has lost its best supporter and the unfor tunate emigrants their best friend. He wk.s ever ready to wait upon and relieve the for- lorn strangers, not only with his medicine but his purse." It is wholly needless to say anytiiing re- specting Dr. Widmer ; he has been described at length on previous occasions Dr. Lyons was a A MII.ITABT SDROBON, as was also Dr. Kerr. The former was on the staff, and the latter had been surgeon to Sir John Johnson's regiment raised during the war of Independence. Dr. Kerr married a sister of Captain Brant and had several children ; he died in March, 1824, in bis sixtieth year. Of Dr. Baldwin it is as need^ less to speak as of Dr. U idmer, not because there is nothing to say, bat because it has been told already. Dr. Grant Powell was a son of Chief Justice Powell, and was boru in England in 1759. He came to York during the war of 1812, and was appointed surgeon to the Incorporated Militia, in which he served throughout the entire war. On peace being proclaimed, he was awarded a pension of £200 a year for life. He soon afterwards retired from practice, and became clerk to the House of Assembly. In 1820 he was appointed judge of the Home District, and still later clerk to the Legislative Council. He died, aged sixty years, .lu le 12th, 1838. The secretary, Ur Lee, had also seen a great deal of military service in the 49th and 24th regiments. On leaving the army at the close of the war of 1812, he was appointed to the honorable, if noc very lucrative, position of "Gentleman "USHER OF THE BLACK ROD" to the Legislative Council. He died in York /-.: •i ■ i< fi lif W iyM -l««*> 1100 LANDMARKS OP TO HON TO. ? ) 'I T'i July l«t, 183:{, aged 70 years. AfUr liia vurioiia oDlcials come.i the Militia Lists, liie following are the names of the ttatf in Upper Canada and of the various reeiments : — Adj. (len. Colonel Nathaniel CofSn; Clerk, Lieut. Satnsun ; (j.-M.-Cen. Lieut Colonel Robert Nichol ; I'eputy Pnymaster-Cieneral, Alexander McOonell ; General Agent for paying; Militia I'ensioners, K .vlcMuhoa The reeimcnts enrolled were ; — Frescott, let, fJlcngarry, 2nd Glengarry, .3rd Glen- garry ; Stormont, Dundas, Ist (>ronTillo,2nd (irenvilie, Ist Leeds, 2nd Leeds; Frontenao, Addington, Lennox, Prince Edward, Hnst- ings, Northumberland, Durham, 1st York, 2nd York, 3rd York, -ilh York, Ist Gore, 2nd Gore ; Independent Companies— Grand River, 1st Lincoln, 2nd Lincoln, 3rd Lin- coin, 4th Lincoln, let Norfolk, 2nd Norfolk, Oxford, Middlesex, Ist Essex, 2nd Essex, Kent. OCU LOCAL RECilMKNTS WERK the 1st, 2d and .3d York, the following is a complete list of the ofticera, with very few exceptions the names p;iven being those of men npresantin^; families who reside to this day in or near Toronto. 1st York l.ieut.-Col. Peter Robinson, Majnr Dennis Fit/£,erald. Capts. John Arnold, James Mustard, Jeremiah Tracers, Jamea I'enwick, John Button, Nathaniel Gamble, James Miles, William Macklem, George Mustard and (ieorge Shultz Lieutenants — Lodowick ^^ eidman, An- drew Thomson, Henry Pingle, George Lemon, Arad 3mally, Andrew Borland, William Roe, *William Marr; John H. Sam- son, Adjt. Ensigns —Samuel I'oster, Reuben Ken- nedy, Asa Smalley, William Trayers, Richard Graham, William \Vilson, Thomas Wilson, James Marsh, John W ilson. Cornet — *Francis Button. 2nd York — Colonel, William Allan; Lieut.- Col. Stephen Howard ; Major, John BeTer- ley Robinson. Captains — John Playter, (ieorge Ridout, Eli Playter, Edward MacMahon, William Smith, .James Macaulay, D'Arcy Boulton, James Chewett, Daniel Brook, Andrew Mer- cer. Lieutenants — Isaac Secor, John Karr, Ed- ward W. Thomson, W illiam B Robinson, John Claus, Andrew W . U arffe, Thomas Cooper, Robert Anderson, Hcny J. Boulton, James E. Small. Ensigns — John Gamble, A. S Thompson, George Hamilton, Robert Dickson, William Dickson, ^V illiam Jarvi?, Richard Brooke, William Proudfoot, John Munro, Francis Leys. Adit. Georee Da^rzan. 3rd York — ^'olnmd, James Givins, Lieut,- Col. James Fitz (libbon, Major John Beikie. Captains — Thomas Merrigold, William Thompson, John Scarlett, Benjamin Gealo, Frederick Starr Jarvis, WMUiam Birdsell, Daniel Brooke, son., Allan N. McNabb, Clifton Jackson, Joseph Carter. Lieutenants— Thomas Humberstone, Chas. Denison, George T. Denison, Thomas Denison, George Shaw, Robert Gray, .John Beatty, John Lyons, George Sheehan, Alexander Chewott, .-imon Kemp, Adj. Ensigns^David Shaw, James McNabb, Allan Robinette, Aaron Silverthorne, .Tamei Farr, Bernard Turquand, William Crook- shank, Lambert F. Brook'A, Thomas Merri- cold, Joseph Price. Quartermaster — John Murchison. •Were officers of cavalry troops. From the following tuhleitwill be srei that in 1821 the enrirj population of the Province only amounted to \ little more than half the number of people now resident is Toronto alone. Very pro' ably thero ar« some slight errors in the figures, but thei are substantially correct : THE POPtlliATIOM. Glengarry 5,785 Stormont 4,571 Dundas 2,197 Russell 107 Prescott 1,56" (irenvilie 4..37.*? Leeds 6,72'J Carleton 3,69S trontenac (exclusive of the Town of Kingston) 2.901 fown of Kingston 1,880 Lennox and Ad('>in>;ton 5,72le. Mr William H«lliwell, of Highland Creek ; Colonel D Arcy Boul- ton, of Cobourg ; Coloael R. !i. Deuiaon, Mr. J A. Scarlett, auii perhaps half a dozen othara are still with ua (1894) I^atiu fur fifth. This, though a some- what pretty couceit, ia far fetched and not ut all probable. There is yet auother derivation given, and that in fuuiul iu the Imperial Lib- rary, Paris, where Quiute is spelt " Kaii- ti," " Kiuti " and '• Kinto," which is the INTlllIOR VIEW OF URST ANOI ICAN CHCTRCH. CiIAPTEIi CCLXXXIII. SOME CANADIAN NAMES. lBt«rMUns Farllcalars YTIty Hanir IVell- Known PlMcea wrre So Called. Tiiere have beeu many disputes au the quostiou of how the Bay of Quiute de- rived its uarne^ aud also not a few i'l- terestiiig coujectures ou the sume sub- ject. Orlgiually the ua.ue appears to have beeu Con Bay, or thi Koy of Cou. Tliis ia a Mohawk word, ol' wiiich the oieaaiug in utit kuowu. The prein and aeniOTal. '■ Hiirdly, a man u now alise wUo reinaui- bcrs tlint faniou:> day aud yaur." The War of 1812 to newspaper read- ers of the preeut day, ia now a mattoi- of very anciimt iMatory, uot that no iutorpst is taken in the matter, but it is "such a long time ago" to the ma- jority of people, that its eveuts fail to create tiie interest that those do con- I uected with the North- weat exi)ed>tioa LA^DMARKS OF TORONTO. 1108 hough a 8ome- !ar letchcd aud lerivatioii given, le Imperial Lib- e U spelt " Kau- to," wUicb uithe the Sjuoca ludlaus hR luiviu body, tak- uti, aad who arc !ir huutiug grouuds Bay of Quinte. oT 'ludiaus who iu- tif Outario wore bo «af ttiirt particular .(•ts or stroains cA Ui'.iiiber, Don aud •io is said to have udiaiifl at SUa-uiar o! wkich ib uot was caUtd Mer- ,vego. GLXXXm LOOK HOUSE- IUp «»sa Bntl«ll«f- an« ifteiuoTal. ow alive who remein- iud year." to newspaper read- in now a matt I.' r Lory, uot that no the matter, but it e ago" to tho ma- ,t it8 eveutB fail to that those do coii- irtU-weat exi>editioo of JS85, the Koiiian raid of 1866, or oven the Rebelliou of 18.'?7-:',8. The cut given to-day of an old forti- Tieation erected very early iu the cen- tury upon the s(>ot where uow stands Haulnn's Hotel at the Island, and which was demolished nearly three score and ten years since, takes us back to a vei'y early period in the history of the city. This old "IMock House" was built of pine logs, squared to about 10 incheB, and dovetailed the one into the other at the corners of the buildiug. The roof was of the same sized timber as the walls, and the interstices of both walls ai d roof were filled in with mortar. iu all probability it still remains, if one only knew wiiere to look for it. There are scarcely any iiemons uow alive who took any part in the terrible events of 18^2 aud the three following years. One aged veteran who has near- ly completed his century, is knovm to reside in Montreal, aud there are two survivors, ohe lieing a lady, of the cap- ture of York, in 1813. The Island block house WRW, though si; was jxiwerlesg to avert, the capture of York, and met its own extinction some 13 years later. Tlic contractors for ita removal were Joseph Hloore, after whom the well- known thorougUarc is called, and Geo. v^jTba^^ ''A f *■ 1 r^\ '^r^^jSMI^iA-U, THK ISLAND BLOCK HOITSK, 1814. The block house was about 25 feet square in its exterior uieasurement, and tiie roof was about 14 feet frocu the H round. Thereon was mounted a 24- pounder cannon, which, being on a swivel truck, could bo turned iu any din ct ion. During the War of 1812 no nirntion is ever made of this fort being engaged with the euemy, and iu the aitieles of capitulation of York, iu 1813, it is not referred to even by inference. It was probably found tn be of no use wliatever iis a means of protecting York harbor, for in 1826 or 1827 it was taken down and its solitary pieco of ordinance transferred to Quebec, where Cooper, who from very modest begin- nJn|.B, by ceiuB«de'is energy and persever- auc'>, amassed a large fortune, an4 died some 20 years b\\\(x at a very great age. He resided for many years in a large farm-house standing in the angle formed by Bloor and Dundas sts., about 100 yards north of the former and east of the latter. Later he removed to a handsome brick house on Davenport Hill, overlooking the city. There he died after many years of usefulness. Still li\ing hearty and vigorous at Ilij;lilan(l Tn ek is William ll.-lli w>ll, who Si -.V rot)p r i ml Bloore tak" the old and useless block house down, aud l-ii §m 1104 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Z-bf !■ V ' .? V? m-. I 11 • *x__ i -A „ mm lis f- - ■■ : ?■' 1 < ■ . 1.;; p i 1 with the exccpticwi of Mr. Clarke Gamble, Dr. Scaddiug aud, it may bo, one or two others iu the city, ho is the only jjersou now alive who has any ricollec- lioa whatever oi it. CHAPTKR CCLXXXV. HOME OF THE TRIPLE "V ' Komethlns •! the HUtery •fund lh« %f 50 S5 5 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1105 i ♦.. ■; 11 1I0» LANDMARKS OF TORONIO. broad expanse, there to indulge in their favorite sport. When winter comes the choice of amusements is lessened. What with skating, hockey or curling, the lusty athlete need not let time hang heavy on his throws its broad doors open. The grren clothed billiard tables are leady for thosr wliose delight it is to push the clicking ivory globes. The bowling alleys are ready for the men, who strong of arm and keen of WITH THE FENOKKS. hantls. But there are those who do not f;are eye, toss the great lignum vitiie balls with for these exercises, and there are those wlio accuracy and certituile. And — how th« fear to risk the chills and colds which are their young Torontonians of fifty years ago would iaaeparable adjuncts. For these Toronto has stare — the huge swimming bath, filled witli a home. She has an athletic club, grandly | summer warm water, is open foi him who THE BOWLING ALLEYS. equipped, managed by men who love the eauae of strengthening tlieir fellows, and manned by a thousand and more of brawny young Caaadituis. For these, unlike their predecessors of fifty yeai-s ii!j:n, there is no Uok of winter sport. The great gymnasium would breast old Ontario's transferred wavr. It was in April, of 1 890 that Capt C. Greville Harston, then of the RoytU (ireii*- diers, liappened to be in C. C. Robinson's jewellery shop on Yonge street. Mr. K'^b- iuson for years was one of Toronto's lacrosfc m. The grren jady for thosi- sh the clicking [illcys are ready rni and keen of vitiie balls with And — how the bv years ago would g bath, filled with pen foi him who 's tiansfcrred wavr. 1 890 that Capt G. the Royad ♦''■en*- C. C. RobinsiMia I street. Mr. Kob- If Toronto's lacro8»v LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1107 cnMsks. That was ia tho early days of the game in Toronto. His companions at thegame w«rc slim young fellows who now are fathers of families, and who now have run so much to adipose tissue as in old days they were and sportsmen. Mr. Massey and his friend lamented the fact that Toronto, unlike Montreal, possessed no athletic club. An effort had been i .ode to organize one, but the gentlemen interviewed had been re- THE SMOKING KOOM. lean-flanked and long-winded. One of these was Captain John Massey, a man whose nane needs no introduction to the city's au. ixa sportsmen. The talk was of sport luctant to participate in a matter of such magnitude as the plan requisitely would be. Mr. Massey disinterred from a pigeon- hole bel\ind him a roll of paper, and showed i^.,./iiii'<' i \i 11 TUF Bin PLTTNOE. ki-i' 1108 LANDMARKb OF TORONTO. LANDMARKS OF TOltONTO. 1109 > t A' , r u> 0*1 < 7. L(i Capt. llarstoii, tlie stock-list — meagrely filled up — of a club which lie and others had thought of forming. Buai ness cares had prevented Mr. C. H. Nelson, Mr. Massey and the gentlemen interested fiom going into the matter ex tcuaively, and Mr. Massey suggested to Mi-. Harston that he try his luck with the stock sheet. A ready consent was given, and Capt. Haraton, who had plenty of time on his haads, started out dJanvassing. The other Eacli had made a lecord for himself in some branch of sport. As Mr. Nelson is accus- tomed to say, there ; all that someone to start Massey interested Toronto Laciosse althougli an exodus from the old " Rosedak i grounds was inevitable many of the I members of the club took stock I in the new organization. Prof, (iold- the material was necessary the good work, many memljcrs of (;iub in the plan. was was Mr. the and INNEii VRSTlBrMC. gentlemen interested continued to work. Mr. Nelson, to whom belongs the honor of hiving proposed the organization ot the club, labored amongst the merchants, Mr. Charles Hunter, now of the Standard Life Insurance Company, looked after the bank- ers, and Capt. Harston canvassed the young men who were to form the rank and tile and active membership of the club. Three more e.imest or more succeaisful advocates of the Koheme could not have been found. Each knew hundreds of Drosoective members. win Smith, tham whom the cause oi athletics has no more earnest or more valu- able advocate, speedily became interested, and began that course of enthusiasm and liberality which has stood the club in such good stead. It was in November, 1890, that the &n\ meeting of gentlemen interested in the T. A. C. was held. There were present Hon. John Beverley Robinson, Messrs. C. H. Nelson, John Massey, W. D. Langmuir and C. Greville Harston. A provisional Board d i I iii i 1 ! ■' V I {=. ■ If 1110 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Directors was formed with these gentlemen •s members : — Hon. John Beverley Robin son, Wm. Mulock, M. P., C. H.Nelson Jolm Massey, W. D. Langmuir, John I I)»Tidflon, E. B. Osier, T. C. Patteson John Henderson. Most of these gentlcmei have oentinued their interest in the club, aad still serve as directors. On Feb. 19, 1891, the provisional directors and the report of the canvassers was handed in. It was reported that in all $47,000 worth of stock had been taken up, and it was decided to apply to the the property on College street owned by Hon. Beverley Robinson, was acquired, and in September tenders were, callod for, the building not to exceed in cost more than $60,000. The ceremony of turning the first sod took place Sept. 11, upon which occasion Mr. Gold win Smith delivered a speech which will long be remembered by those who were fortunate enough to hear it. The first tenders for the building were not satisfactorv, ■ind others were calKd for and aooepted. The total cost of the structure was estimated it $72,000, but, as buildings usually do, the A COST ORNER. Ontario Government for a charter. Tkis was obtained in the foUowing April, wiien Mr. B. J. L«mcx's plans for a club house were accwted, with some modifications. The first lanoal meeting was held May 21 wlten tliese directors were elooted : — Hon. John Beverley Robinson, Dr. Larratt Smith, Messrs. E. B. Osier, C. H. Nelson, W. T. Jeaninffs, Jas. Murray, John Henderson, Capt. HoGee, Ghaa. Hunter, J. B. Murray, Senator Ferguaon, Dr. Goldwin Smith. Sir Adam Wilson ahorUy afterwards joined the Board. In August, 1891, Sleepy Hollow, completed edifice cost considerably more than this amount. The work of plaeing stock went on, and when, on Jan 23, of last year, the formal opening took place, there were fifteen hundred stockholders. By May, 1894, there were 882 members, and when the year closed the membership list bore 1,101 names. Since the opening of the present year 1 15 new members have beon enrolled, and 47 resignations have been handed in. The Toronto Athletic Club is in reality an association of a doaen or so of other organi- LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. nil owned by quired, M»d od for, the more than ing the first lien occasion ipeech which fle who were The first .sfttisfactorf, tid aooepted. vas estimated ually do, the laiderably more fork of plaein* I Jan 23, of last v)k place, there jckholders. By E memben, a"*! ImemberBhip list Ic opening of the Ibera have beon lions have been lb is in reality an lof other organi- zations. All are equal, and all have tha saoM representation on the directorate, not Qumericallr, >ut in point of influence. There are committees to look after the various sports, and each of these committees has for chiorman one of the T. A. C. directors. Bj this means the claima of every branch %t9 certain to be presented to the direc- torate. Among the clubs enrolled are the Toronto Bicycle Club, the Toronto Fencing Club, the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club, the Usgoode Hall Athletic Clubs, and some thirty-five of the playing members of the Toronto Lacrosse Club. Negotiations are now on foot by which the Toronto Cricket Club may become affiliated. The cricketers' grounds are in close proximity to the T. A. C., and the advantage* which accrue from Indoors, the large gymnasium is fitted up with all of the newest appliances. TIm in- structor, Prof. W. W. Taylor, ii a well- known gymnast. The billiani rooa poMMsea nine tables, all except one beiag ol Canadian manufacture. The poli^ of pur* chasing goods manufactured in thia country was followed wherever practicable. Moat of the carpets and all of the furniture wera bought in Camwla. The whole equipment cost about $14,000. So it may easily be figured up that the amount invested in thin home of athletics is by no means small. It is the hope of the direeton that the rolls will show a membership of 1,500 by the end of the year. No young man — or old man, for that matter — whose moral charactet I is good, need fear the disqualifying black COMMITTEK ROOM. amalgamation would seem to be obvious. The ladies, too, are not forgotten by the directors. The club now numbers some sixty-seven lady members, who have their own rooms entirely separate from the men's portionof thebuilding. Within these forbid- den portals the fairathletesmayparticipateto their hearts' content in health giving gymnas- tics or the grace-endowing sport of fencing. The club's grounds are two acres in ex- tent, part of which is under lease from Hon. Mr. Robinson. Here are laid out no less than thirteen tennis courts and two bowling greens. There is also a clay and cinder bicycle track, measuring seven laps to the mile. It is confidently expected that, with its new courts, the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club will possess one of the best izrounds on the continent. ball. The club has been erected for the betterment of athletics, and the social line is not held to be of paramount imijortance. Hon. John Beverley Robinson has been re-elected president for 1895,and the various committees are as follows : — Billlards-J. E. EUis, E.W.Phillips. W. G. Mc- Clelland and P. A. Maiming:. Bowling— R. K. Sproule, J. B. Kay, Geo.Begg and A.W. Ridout. Gymnasiuni-E. ti. Walsh. G. H. Muntz, J. W. Watt and T. Burnsidc. Fencinsr— Dr. Peter8,A. D. Cartwright. H. V. Jo.ies and H. B. Broueh. Boxing— J. K. Eldgar. KPemberton, Hume Blake and G. M. Young. Swimming— John Harrraft. P. Bath. D. Mitchell and C. Andros. Rink— E. A. Thompson. D. Muir, Geo. S. Lyon and J. Gil roour. Lawn Bowling— J.W.Corcoran, J. Spoon er. U.K..Sprouio and Judge Kingsmill. Whist— Forsyth Krant, E. W. Phillips, J.Buchanan and C.H.GrnDlham. House Committee— C.H.Ander snn.H. A. Robinson. H.B.BrouGrh and P.ManuiaiE I I I i 1^ hi ^1 If; i' ill': tei ■>' ■ I; !> t :|- V ii 1112 LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. CHAPTER CCLXXXVL THE ROYAL CANADIANS. ■•alnU««ttce» of 11m Karly Day* af Ik* IMlk r.W.B.C.B.-By One Whit Sarvad TliaralB. It is now (1895) thirty-seven years since a4itbority was given by the Imperial authori- ties in England to Sir Edmund Walker Head, the then Glovernor-Ueneral of Upper and Lower Canada to raise a regiment of infantry for general service in the dominions of her Majesty. There heul been colonial corps in plenty previously, among thcni the Glengarry Fencibles of Canada who did such gallant sei-vice in the war of 1812, the Newfoundland regiment of veterans, the Ceylon Rifle Regiment, the Cape Mounted Rifles, the Royal Canadian Rides, (disband- ed in 1871, after an existence of about thirty yeurs) and others of kaa importance. But all these various military orgar izations were enrolled strictly for service in the colonies where tbey were raised, and they could not have beei< used for any other purpose than the defeL . and maintenance of order in their own country. 'Ihe 100th, or Prince of Wales' Royal Canadian Regiment was diiTcrent in consti- tutaoofrom all those which have been men- tioaed. It was to be part and parcel of ; the Qseen's infantry of the line, and was to serve wheiever the authorities might ordlBr it to go. 'Hie movement excited great enthusiasm in U^per Canada, thoagh a fair proportion ai recruits were obtained in the lower govince. Crimean memories were stiU !sh in the minds of every one, the Indian ■MI tiny was not yet quelled, and it was more thui hinted that the 100th would be ^^en the opportunity to assist in rcstori ng Otoder in the vast peninsula of the East. The whole of the men who foi-med the 100th regiment were enlisted in Canada, and aaaong its officers one major, five captains, •ght lieutenants and five ensigns were dtoacn from Canada to receive conunisskms. The Majority was SLlod by the appoint- ment of Alexander Roberts Dunn, who had formerly been in the 1 1th Hussars, where, in the famous charge of the Light Brigade, he won the Victoria Cross for his eonapicnous bravery. When peace was de- clared in 1856, Dunn left the ai-my, diss&tis- fted with some slight or imaginary slight that had been p«t upon him. He was re- ajding in Toronto when the 100th wiis in course of formation, and as lie by his own exertions enlisted 200 men, he became junior ■jajor. He was born in Tnroulo, bemg a of Hon. John Henry Dann, the some- time Receiver-General. Dunn avenue in Parkdale is called after him. His end was a HOfl one, he being accidentally shot while on active service in Abyssinia in 1867 witli tlie 33rd Regiment into wkich he had exchanged. 'I'he captains, each of whom raised eighty men, were John Clarke, T. W. W. Smythe, (ieorge Macartney, C. J. Clark and R. C. Price. Of these only Captain Smythe, who came from Brockville, now survives. He is a colonel on the retired Hat and resides, or did till very recently, in Dover, England. Capt. John Clarke was for some years in To- ronto in command of the depot of the lOOUi. On its withdrawal he exchanged into the R. C. Rifles and died in this city about twenty-five years since. Captain Macartney come from Paris, Ont. , where ho was the postmaster, ho died in London, England, in 1887. Captain C. J. Clark exchange 1! LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. I avenue m His end was entally shot isinia in 1S07 rkich he had raised eiglity . W. Smythe, k and R. 0. Smythe, who •vives. He is a i reaidea, or ver, England, ic yeara m To- ►tof thelOOtJi. aged into the m city about iain Macartney e ho was the don, England, xchangeil into .ring for iev- t)o his death, ibraltar, where hn 9leteher, G. lay and Brown Fletcher resides m the lOQih he ny years in the rriere i» a pro- Id Mr. WalBe a il service. Mr. at-Colonei, is a 7ince of Quebee. ,dian lieutenants nmanded one of militia which River, under He teth«d Lieat.-Co4«nel . of C. M. ti. (orth-weet, hut im oftheexpc lefetriHe, Philip ■t are aH gone. 0. He was one of nes family, ^^nd good abilities. JoUege and Ti in- health not failed made his mark ere John Qibbs H. Baldwin, C. ?l»rke, all with Baldwin, who n G'lbbs Ridout ed in law and lajology, the (^ oga' Home, anH )n that he waa 111.') X head of the staff college in Kn;{liind in 18G5. H. K. Davidson is a colonel on lialf |u.y in England; he exchanged into tlic I'.Uii ilcgi- menfc, the second battalion of wliich ho commanded for four years. Sub.scquently he commanded the Brigade Depot at Rich- mond, Yorkshire ; since then he has been awaiting further employment. He was a most popular officer in the 100th, also in the 19th, being known among the men as " Our Harry." C. A. Boulton retired from the 100th as captain in 18157. Since then hia career as Canadian cavalry --fficer during the troubles of 188.1, and h.i subsequent I'lcvation to the Dominion Senate is well known. W. P. Clarke left the 100th as lieutenant in 1866. He has since pursued an honorable career in the North-west. The officer chosen to command the 100th regiment was, as is well known. Colonel George de Rottenburg, C.B. He died at Windsor, England, a year ago. Full par- ticulars of his life and services were given at the time and need not be recapitulated. He too was a Canadian by birth, but had 40 years service when he took command of the Royal Canadians. I'he remainder of the officers appointed to the 100th were from English regiments, and as this paper is not a history of the regi- ment, but merely a reminiscence of those Canadians who were among its fir.st officers, tlifii' r'arecrs need not to be referred to. CHAPTER CCLXXXVII. CAPTURE OF DETROIT. Tb« War •t 181'i— Krock's Demand for the Sarreniier of lietroli— The CMpitnlailon -The OrisinnI Ureil. The story of the capitulation of Fort Detroit under Major-Genoral Hull, of the Tnited States army, to Major-General Brock, commanding the British troops in Upper Canada, which took place on August 16, 1812, when the war of 1812- 14 was but two mouths old, *is oitcn been related. Though the story is an old one, it is always read an'l re- membered with interest, aud the fac similes of the articles of capitulation which are reproduced from the original documents thenwelves, kindly lent by Mr. Christopher Robinson, of Beverley House, will be studied with pleasure by all those who are interested in the his- tory of their country. Ou August 15, ]812. General Brock had hia headquarters at Sandwich, and from there addressed to General Hull, who was in command of the United States forc^ea I on the opposite side, .a peremptory de- mand " for the immodiatc surrender of Fort Detroit," this summons being con- veyed by Captain Glegg, who was on the staff of IJrock. (rmieral Hull de- clined to see Captain Glegg, though he detained him some hours, and then re- plied as follows : " Headquarters, Detroit, Aug. 15, 1812. "I have reeeived your letter of this date. I have no other reply to make than to inform you that f am prepared to meet any force that may bo at your disposal, aud any consequences whirh may result from any exertion of it yo« may think proper to make. VV. HULL, Brigadier-Gcneriil, Commanding N.W. Army U.S." A cannonade was at f)nce commence*! by Brock from a five-gun battery erect- ed opposite Detroit, but was soon dis- continued and orders given to the troops that the attack was to lie resumed on the following day. Accordingly at 6 a.m. on August 10 the bombardment re- commenced, and Brock's trfwps, in all about 1,000 men, were preparing to cross the river, when ii flag of trnce was sent from Hull, with a letter. The following is a transcript of the document : "Detroit, Aug. 16. 1812. " General Brock, " I propose a cessation of hostilities for one hour to ojien a negotiation for the Surrender of Detroit. " Yours, .^tc, " WM. HULL, " B. Genl. Commg." Aeeonipauying the articles of capitn- lation, is a well executed plan of the Fort, drawn January 12, 1812. The foot-note on the bottom of the plan rends :— " Not knowing the dimensions of the various parts of the work, it was im- possible to lay it down by any scale. It is, however, hoped it will be sufficient to give a general idea of its strength and of the range of its guns." After the flag of truce was sent, FIull indited the following explan.'tory epis- tle. It is simply an amplification of the one sent with the flag ;— Detroit, 16th .Vug.. 1812. Sir,— The object of the Flagg, whieh passed the River, was to propose a ces- sation of hostilities for one hour for the purpose of entering into a uegociation for the Surrender of Detroit. Yours, etc., W.M. HULL, B.-Gen*V Com'g. Gen'l Brock. It is a somewhat singular circumstance that of all those who signed those artlcli<* not one served throughout the entire war. The United States officers w«re, of cou!so, pr'.'oludod from doing so throagk hr \t w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 128 ■ 2.2 u ^1^ Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WiiST >/AIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0 (716) 872-4503 ^ 4 o v\ A ^^I-^ .^ o^ ik ■>:,'f|*"f 4"f ' '' 'I*. l«*W-Wl.pitif-f >/«!«''' . — T^ WW"^ J W«'^ -yr-ir 1114 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. «. HJ M v^ 1 ^i !^ "'ll. V ^ 5 4 ^ ^ ^.1 J^^ H ^ ^ Itll Mill !• «^ Yi* ^^4s ^i i'5 I • ^HP LANDMARKS OF TORONTO 1117 Stii. The UariUtuu wiil muruh uut at tilt' hour of twoiro o'clock thia day iim\ tho ItritiMli fnro^H wilt tuktt iiuuuMlinta pmResKinn of the Fort. I. Macdonki.i,. Lt. Col. Militia, I'. A. DC. I. B. (Ji.ifi«), Mftjor A. DC. Jamrs Mli.LRK, Lt. Col. .Itii IJ. S. Inflry. K. nuROii, Colonel, Coing Isl lieu. Approved. Micliigiiii Nlilitia. W. lli7ix,B. (}cn'I(>)in'gtluX.W.Ariny. Approved. IsAAi; Budok, Major <:oncral. Uenornl Hull proposed sevRrul addi> tionn (n tin- iirticl<'« of fiipitultttlon, which ri'iitU tliuJ :— " AdditioiiN prnimNcd by General Hull. " All Itritinh nubjocts who have taken protcctiou iiiiiliT tho American Qorern- iii< lit to MiiHtiiiii uo injury in couBcquenrn tlii-reof. •• .No ptTPoii ol iriiB Army to bo consider- ed nthcrwiHO than as a prinoncr of war. " The Army to march out of the Rarri* i V I \ I V S. 4 ^ ^ ■? •^ « \ I V ^ 1 1 i n N \ •K «J V N _ ^ 4 ^ ^ -^ !.> «« a 4 I III l^pq^f^ Pf I 1118 LANDMARKS OF T0R0I4T0. < W I-! A. b o a •< < !■ i: \\ < 'A a. to X O H !r. O u 5 /^ y/f^^/^^i^^ ^-^^-t^' / ^ mh^i ;^-^^^^^^^ ^C-^— *-*-*- ^ ^t,' ^->-^ / ^•^^^ I Ai siMii.i, 111 •^^ ri'LKMI.NTAI, AKrirl.l., ■■■'■) ' I.' ? ^ -■ , 11 - " ' i|iiwpi«p'K«*i»i^ v|*S'PW!»-' I" 'P .'M"^"flP!;?jf,'i jPfiMj iiiVlip, .j| mm immmfm^^lli^^^^^m^ "i \. ■i > A I ■■ 'I . 'ii . Mif ,' / I 'ills J i g X f e i rn ^ I* K r ^^^-^"^ \ ^ k <\ 5 ft M K at e K - .^ ' "* ^t; L \ ■ a i « ^ > ,( t H- f .? & ^J 't'll i\' LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. lilt «ou with tho honours of war, and pvcry iudiridual to bo jirotcctcd ugaiiwt the ludiauB." The drift of tJie first and Hccoud of thaw proiKMod additiuua was u> protect tboM men beiougiug to Ilull'g army who were of British birth, from the penalty motive ap|)earfl to have been to "let himself down " as easily aa poeaible. The two following supplemental artielee were added, though referring to the Ohio and Michigan militia :— Transcribed, these two documents rvad thus : /■ /— ^„ ^'Ssp^pt* ^Lt^T**^ V // /iPy^ j!d A''*-^^ - K: y^^—y^ ^^^^ y^ ■ ple of that rity ami the State of Michigau regarding what would be re- (piired of them. As will be neeii. it was ci.iii'ise, and said in plain woids what hail to Im' done by all concerned, ■['he following ]•* the text of the pro- ilaniatiiiii. It will be nnticid that in the Hubscrijiticui the words '* and seal " have been obliterated, that it simply leads, " (livt'ii under my hand," with the date, followed by the ♦'igniituro of the victorious general : PHOCT.AMATIOX. ]\\ Isaac I'linvk, E6(|uire. Major-di'neral, I'l-ninianding His Majesty's forces iu the Province of Upi^cr Cunad.i, iVc., iVtc, Whereas the territory of Michigan wa« tliisi day by '•.•ipitulalir>i\ ci-d.-d to the arms of His Hritannick Majesty without any otjier ('(Midiliou than the protection oi private property— and wishing to give an early proof ot the moderation of jus- lice of the Oiivernm Mit, I do hereby an- nounce to all thr inhabilant-i of the said territory that tlie law« heri-tofore in existence shall Continui' in fu:ce until His Majesty's jjleasure be known— or so long B9 the peace, safety of tiie said territory will admit therecvf. And I do here-by also declare and make known to the isaid inhabitants that they shall be pro- tected iu the full exercise nnd enjoyment of their religion— Of which all jiersons lK>lh civil and military will take notice and goveiii ttuni^elves accordingly. AH jvi-^ous having in their |Kj8bes»ion or having any knowledge of any public property shall forthwith deliver in the same or give notice thereof to the officer commanding or Lt,-Col. Nichol, who are hei-eby duly authorized to receive and give paper receipts for the same. Officers of militia will be hold respon- uible that all armi iu poasctisiou of militia-men be immediately delivered up, and all individuals whatever who have iu their imssission arma of any kind will deliver them up without delay. Given under my hand • * * at De- trtMt, this sixteenth day of August, 1812, and in the lifty-seeoud year of ilia llaieaty's n-ign. ISAAC iiiiOCK, Major-Geuerul. ContiMiiporaneoiHly witti his |)roclauia tlon, Sir Isaac Hrock indited u hast.v note to his brothera in England. Tiie greater portiou of this b'tter i« mendy ji repetition of Brook'd despatch to Sir George Prevost. It reads thus Headquarters, Detroit, August 10, 1812: My Dear Urothers ami Friends, l{ejoice at my good fortune and join nn in prayers to Heaven. 1 send you a copy of my hasty note to Sir George. " I hasten tc appri/.e your Kxcelleiiry of the capture of this very important Po.st. 2,600 troops have this day sur- rendered Prisoners of War, ami about 25 pieces of ordnance have been taken with- out the sacrifice of a drop of British blood. I had not more than TOO troops, incliuling Militia aud about 700 Indium, to accomplish this service. \Vhen 1 di- tail my good fortune, your Kxcellenc.v will be astonished. I have been admir- ably supported by Colonel Proctor, tin- whole of my staff, and I may justly saj over" individual under my command." Let me hear you are all united ami happy. ISAAC B . The following fool-note to (Jeii«'r.il Brock's letter was addi'd by the late Sir J. 11. Uobins(>n : " 'I'his," meaning the original letter, " wiLS kindly sent to me iu March, 1S4(>, by 1'. B. TupiH'r, Esq., as an interestiiiK autograph of his uncle, Major-G(>neral Si- Ibauc Brock." .1. B. U. To make this sketch complete, thcrt' are here given reproductions of the en- (lorseinents on the various documents. Thf duplicates of the treaty of capitu- lation are thus endorsed : -^€-^ //^ LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1121 Am will be aeeiii these nre all but ideu- tie&l in cvpry rpflp«ct. The aupplemcntal articles wore also on- duFHed* ajjpureiilly by the eamo peraoa, tbiw: There are various nthor endorscmiintSf \ of which fac-flimile ropreseutatioas are ' hero givou. The lawt of these three is ia tht' handwriting ol Sir Johu Beverltj Il(j|iin.<4uu : Cou- (ztCT^ ^«^t^ tru^f^c^^ C^ <-ur% .t -^r //^^ /p/ij In eoncludiug this history of the cap- ture of Detroit, the kiudueas of Mr. Christopher Robinson, Q.C., son ol the late chief justice, in placing at the dis- posal of The Evening Telegram tl» or- iginal documents relating to this great event in Canadian history, is heartily and roeiiectfully ncknowledged. \ 'i 111 '■i| '-t •.i«.w»ynr<'!* '^ sww^- \\n LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. CHAPTER CX:LXXXVIII. TORONTO'S ASSESSMENT. It. la M Vmih ■■rrcjMMl Ovrr ••• -Karly Tknc MirrrrBt MHIi«mIn. -Karly A«MrMnM: ;r Like the eturdy oak in tbe forrat, which •Itrang from the tiny ororu, Turonto, the arlatorratie avemiM, its frand buildiiiKM and educational inatl- broad. pub'tC tutionn, ite uneurpaMad schaol ayat«>ni, ita atiitrly private nanaiona and ita Krnnd cimiuiorcial and ahippioj; faciliti<<«, glorioN in a amnll beKinnlng. Toronto, which lit tlie present time embrncea with> in ita bouudarioa territory exteudiug ever z6,zo2 ese ^9. 7iS-Z,^9Z 6 6./ 9Z,J / ^ Sa,&S7.70G 7z,/az6 6cr S^f.z*r9,s'j3 QG,^'/^, ^63 /^ 6,687,^^^ /'^7.o3Z,jra9 /so, 63 3, 79 e /^0^766,7^0 OROWTH or TOnoNTfl'i ASflWSSMKHT frwkt eoBTention eity of Canada, the pride o( Ontario, cnn tn-day, in nil its splendour aad maguiiicence, with ita 16 1-2 square mile very small pl.-ucf. vraa in the furin I, wn« originally a The first town plot of a pariillcliicrani. it! frand ional inatt' jl ■y«t««m, a and iti K IncilititMi, J. Toronto, }rncea with* I'udiug oTar r o > 99 OS // 70 € 6 60" zon 7.3ZO »3, 79 6 6,7^9 originally a It town plot ariillelt«ran». LANUMAKKS OF lURONTO. 1133 l^'iug witLiu tbt* limit* of Ontario atrt'ot un ttiu fiiNt, Ul*ui|{<' nliM't't mi the wi'it, DuL-heM Rtrvet on tUv north iiml Front HtrtH't on th« •until, Tliiil w.tn antc- cvdfut to 1797, in wliith jour IMfwidcnt UuMell iMu«*d att ofticial urdi>r tur tlir rnlargt'iuL'itt of the town, tbfu known a« York. Weatward tlir slur uf uuipiri- look itH cuiirav, uud in IT'.tM the wi'Hti.'rn city limit liud «xtenilfd to Pt'tnr Hlri'ot, wilL tU« nurtburu limit reuuliin|{ lu (juuuu Btrect. York proHiiercd i>ici>ediitKl.v in the early 3'eurfl of ita inttrffting Listory, np«'tMlily uc(|uirtng renown ax a " nu-eliuK place, " which waa aignified by ita early Indian name. It muitt liavu takuu ou tlic evil auxiliariPH uf liviliiutiun without wnat ing much valualile tiiuu, fur in 1H17, by euactiufnt p^uMtnl in tin* fifty Beventh year uf the reign uf (Icurgo III., York wan proc'laimc^d a iiolice tusvn. Abont thii time the noutherly boundaries were witkni'd beyond Fruut ntreet to inclul. I'at- riik'« \Vi\rd embraced all the property north of Queen Htreet; St. Andrew's Ward was the iSanf LibertieM lironght the Colli'jje avenue ami (jueen's Park into the city, as they were part of the LibtMlien. Historical research among the loines and archivew that are zealously guarded by City Clerk lih'Vius atiorJs a wealth ol iutereatiug inloimatiou tu the urchaeo- logically inclined student of the early his- tiny of Toronto, The object of this eki.'tch is to outline by chart and fi;;;ure.s the growth of the city's ii«8eNSuieiil. Suae l>,'-t theiu ii.ive lici'U three nietiiodM .idipled of innk- in<: the abaesniU'Uls. ''.elween l,sM4 ;ui(l 1S;'.7 the ;i8b''Bso.B di'lcruiUu'd ihe mar- ket value uf all property, and taxM wera collected upon a percentage of that I valu)-. In IM34 the entire OMesHniunt j of rateable property (real and iiersoual) I in the city was ilK(i,4UU. The rate fur that and tho two succeediug years was , -Hd on the pound. The eolleution of tazea in 1H:14 amounted to i:,'t,45U I Us Utl. or I about J^l7,2ri4 in currency. By way of I comparison, it may be stated that tke ] taxea levied in 1NU4 were over $2,400,- I UOU. In 1S3M the mode of lutsessiug I waa changed, so that only upou the ac- tual rental derived from prn|M>rty wim I the valuation made. As a conseiiuence, ' the total axscHsmeut drop|>ed from $218,- OUO to $71,U81. 'I'hen a* now, a low aasessment render- ed necessary u high rate of taxation, and the rate bouuiled from 3d cm the pound to la 1 I-2d on the pound. The citizens were progressive: so also wiis the tax rate, and in 1847 it is found that the property ownera are paying Is 2d on the pouud. lu 1849 a great cou- flagratiou destroyed a large amount o! property, causing an immense deprecia- tion iu the assessment. To meet the deficiency, the municipal faUiers increaa- ed the rate. In 18.'>L it had reached la 9 l-2d on the pound. Upward and atiil upward it climbed with const^at '.tridea. In 1853 it had attained w^j altitude of 2s od on the pound, and waa still ascending. A year later the even 38 were demanded, and. of course, paid. Then a halt was called. The bills were evidently growing with too much pr'-'- cipitancy to suit the times, and so a shift was made. Currency was adopted, and the first rate under the dollara and cents system was 14 3-4 cents on the dollar. In 1><((4 the maximum figure was reached— 22 1-2 cents on the dollar. Probably about that time there was universal proteatation from the taxpay- er.«* for the present method of the assess- uient was introduced in ISGT- High assessment and a corieHpoiidintriy low rate of tax.'ttion became the recognized busis. The initial rate under this sys- tem was 1.5 mills on the dolliir, the loweiit was 14 miils im the dollar iu 1^74, the lilghest was I'J 1-2 mills on the dollar in l!S77. Increases due to the annexation of suburbs were as follows : 1S83, Vorkville, $2,r>.-)2,lt>8 : l'^S4, r.rjcktun. $447,037; Kiverside, $511, ToU; 1^8'J, Parkdale, $3,203,630. The accompany iiig sketch illustratea the annual growth of the assessment since the present method was adopted in 1867. The charts are designed to a scale so to deiiioiiwtrate the jHi'portionate increase or decrease of the assev.^uu'iit from year to vear. II I l» M '1 ■ 11S4 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. !I fc;.|iN S' m \ li ! mi I- The Mayors of the city from 1867 to 1805 k*vc In-en aa follows : — 1867 8 .laim's E. Smith. 186!» 7l» S. H. Hiuni.iii. 1871-2 JoHcph Slinirtl. 1873 Aliixauder Miiiuiiiig. 1874-5 Francis H. Medttilf. 1876-7-S Aiiyiia Morrison. 1879 80 .liiiiH's lUaty. 1881.'_' WiUmni B. 'McMun icli. 1S8.S.4 Arthur H. Hosw.ll. iS8,'> Alcxan(l«»r Mannin{;. iH.S().7 William 11. HoMlaml. 18S.S !).!M 91 . Kdwanl F. Cl.uUc. l8<»-J-3 llobcrt .1. FU-mmg. 1894-0 NS'aiiing Konnetly. CHAI'TEK I t LXXXIX. AN OLD DOCUMENT. .4 Pr«nil «r IH;i4 How llir 4°il> ot T«r«ut« KNiK.->4l 1MAII4-.V In Ikr Iciir or IIn Inrorperallou. .4u old dwumeut, in the shape of a promiwory unte, dated 26th St'|it»'iiili<'r, 1834, has Intt'ly bi on um-arllu'd. It hIiows that in the fitni ynar of it« in<'f>r|>(ir- atioQ the «'ity of Toronto receivod finan- cial aid from a local bank, wliiih at that time ^vn« a wtll-knonTi institution. The particulars •! the note IhsucmI for the «or|)oiaii(m of the city ci Toronto on OtobiT 0th. 1834, by the Mayor an«l cth Septfuiber, 18.'U, and due L. t'l I)c- "•(•nibi'r. 1^84. but not paid until .Janu- ary 3lRt, 1835. Discount on note paid October Ulli, 1 >^.'14, £7 1h. 5d. Intenut on overdue note paid January aiiit, 18.15. £2 15«. lid. All the signers «»( the note n-ere mem- bere of tin.- '"ity Coun., chairm.LU '>( Hk' Finance rominit- tec, and .John I)oel wcic aldermen and coiiiipilni.'in respi'it ividy for St. Andrew's Ward. T, J). Morrioon waa m.iynr in 1836. He lived <,n Hiehniond stiect, ai.d was a well-known Torontoni«u. .lohn Duel w!iH the owner of I)oel'« brewery, and liveil in the hou«e now standi nR on 111* north-west ci,ri;er of Adi-laid" anil Way streets. In the rear oif his house Htood the brewery, in whi<'h some oi the lae'tingH preliminary to the rebellion of l'^37 were held. James Lessiie wrs alderman and Frank- lin Ja*kes and Colin DrMmuiond council- men for St. David's Ward. James l^as- lie wart one of the firm of LeMlie arcs., :\wl brother of Mr. Joseph I..e«alie, th- in t« |>of'H that William Charlton, of the fire bri- gade, was killed. Thomiu Carfrae, jr., and Kdwaid Wright were the aldermen and tieoigc (nirnett councilman for St. tieorge'M Ward. Mr. Uur;iett waa also mavor in 1837. 1848. 184!» aud 18B0, and later was |>olice maginlrate of the <'ity. .lames i.'.irfrae wafl formerly col- le4. He wan the father of tln' Me.^isrs. Heard, of tbiH city. .John !•;. 'i'ini-^, .M. P., anil (i. T. DeniHon, Sr., were aldernn II for St. I'.itrickV W.ird and .laine.H 'Irott'T was one of its cnui, cilnoii. He wa.s ii«see of tin' nnirket fi i nwiny jenrn. The rat'' roll of Toronto for l^.".4 ..Iiowh the ratiir.; of th se nani'd in lli • pn- miN« were Filward 'rriiKCcitt and John Clev land tJreen. H. .J. Hensleigh was caMliii;. There was 'lU eii halite office adj"iniij- the Agrieidtural Hank. The following gciiJlemen coniposi'il llir first f'ity roiincij of Toronto .•titer ita in- corporation na u city in I S3 1 i5 I lU) aud Frank- lUjoiid couucil- Jaiui'B I./«iii- LpmUc JJroB., 1 ljma\i(\ til- . Mr. F'rank- strt'ct en«t in L'd •Iterwank ffttlicr of the uy yea™ livcl reet in Egliil- resided ou th- riu aud Uich- brr inerchnul. •hkb occurnMl g(* strtM't, op- ■ ciiily Bixti'-H the fire hri- CHifrae, jr., the aldi'rmeii mHu for St. (>tt waa alfio t!> aud 1850, ft rate of thi> fonui'rly col- 1 on the wost little cottHge upit'd hy tin' The cufllom a small inl eaat of John it Btreet. K<1- he early in- u8 a menilior , and during ! piirliCHt iu- i in the cot- jrth-Wfflt I'oi- I'ct*, in rt'iir ic Grrculiiud alw) kf'pt for . I5enrd wfre .Tcncc Wtird. \itiur (»f tlir . llciird \Mis father cif Ihi' I. T. DcniHdii, itiii'kV V\';it(i (if it^ ciiiii. 1' nmrki't fii r l^.'I4 .sliowH ill llii' pro- CKN thf l)illlk moupy lid- (rri'iMi rt'iiri' <, whii'h w. N 'he dirc('tiji> Jiihn '."ii'vi was cjiMliic . ict' adjiiiuiii.' •OlllpOSl'd tllr .-iltiT its in- .^t^ ^^ ""^^^t \ !■ J : ' ■ (J It:: I A IKn\||v^(,|{^ Nnri: i>f IS.'U. Mi>->i>in nmtk tie |s;!i K'il. Il-'t. .'0m i w 'it r ^' m m LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 112S Mayor— William Lyon Mackenzie. St. Andrew's Ward— Aldermen, Thomas Morriaou, M.D., Jolin Ilarixr ; Councilnien, JoLu Armstrong, .lutm Doel. St. David's Ward— Aldermen, William L. Mackenzie, James l.osHlit^ ; Conncilmen, Franklin Jaekes, Coiiu Dnunniond. yt. George's W.ird -Aldermen, Thomas Carfrae, jr., Kdwnrd WriRJit ; t'ouneilmen, iFoiin Craig, (ieorge (iuiiwtt. St. Lawrence Ward— Aldermen, (leorge Monro, *(je()rp;e Duggau, sr., •William Cawthra ; Couiieilmen, William Arthnrs, ■'Lnrdner Bostwiek, 'Joshua G Heard. St. Patrick's W ard— John E. Tim«, M.D., George T. Denison, «r.; Cunncilmen, Joseph Turton, James Trotter. Dr. Uolpli refused to be sworn into office after beii.g elected, and Dr. Tims was elected in his stead, taking hin seat on A^'•=l 26. Civic Officials— James Hervey Price, CHAPTKR CCXC. SOME OLD-TnVIEJ?ESIDENCE& Thit Brongta Hoiisr Two Slmeoe Mreet nMolllngA-Sani. RoserHanilJohnSliea. Fifty years since stood on the south- east corner of Adelaide and Simco6 rtreets, with the j>rinci{)al entrance in the latter thoroughfare, the comfortable rough-cast house, built and occupied about 1844 by Mr. S<*cker Brough, bar- rister, for many years Princijxil of the Court of Probate, and afterwards county judge of Huron and Bruce, he then remov- ing to Goderich. Mr. Brough's office in Toronto wa« at first on the south side of King street, near York street, but for a gn>at number of year* in the Welling- ton Chambers, on Wellington street. Mr. Justice Brough died in .Tannary, 1879. There was a si>acious gardeu on the RRonm IIOISE, SIMCOK STREKT, 1H4.'5. City Clerk : Matthew Walton and Andrew T. .MeCord, ehamberlain : Charles Barn- hart, governor of the jail : Wm. lliggins, chief of police. Mr. Matthew Walton was chamberlain until his death, whicli occurred in July, 1S34, when he was succeeded by Mr. Mc- Curd, who continued in office until 1874, when he resigned, Mr. Samuel B. Har- man being apjiointed to fill the vacnney. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Harman in ISHS, and Mr. I'.iehard T. Cojfdy, then Assistant City Tre.vsurer. was promoted to the position. •The courts unseated Mr. George Dug- gan, lyid declare 1 Mr. Cawthra duly en- titled to the seat. "•Mr. J. G. Beard was elected on Sep- tember 15, in place of Mr. Boetwick, de- ceased. Simcoe street side of Mr. Brough's house. Indeed, at that time, Simcoe street, whwe name had cjiily just been changed from Graves street, was almost in the country. Some years later Mr. Brough had iOr his neigh- bour Mr. Clarke Gamble, who lived on the same side of the street. In 1845-6, the perioil now being referred to, there were very few houses, indeed, on Simcoe street. South of Mr. Brough lived W. A. C. Myers, the printer. Myers was connected at one time with printing the Church newspaper, in an office at the back of No. 5, now No. 10 King street west. PasNiug Adelaide street, there were only one dr two very small houHcs on the same side of the street until Uiciimoud street was reach- ed, and then came two substantial brick houses built some nixty years ago, one of them, the southern, with the 1126 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. arched doopwny, «lio\rii in tho illuatration. oceupii'd liy Mr. John .loBopli. fatlior of the lato Frank .Taseph. whoso tloath Viy a railway acciili'iit in th«> oarly days of 180r» was so universally deplorod. Air. .Tosepli wa«, when in Enplaud, private secretary to Williiim \VillH>rforce, the philanthrop- ist, subsequently in Roveniinental employ- ment In the (olonial (Mfioe, anil e;une to this country with Sir Francis liond-llead in 183G ns his private stHiretary. While here he married Miss Ilagorman, daughter of Mr. .Tu."tlce Hagerman, and sister of tiie late Mrs. John Beverley Uoliiuson. well-known Hugh Scoble, Hvpd there, and later still Dr. Lucius O'Brien occupied it until 18r>U, when he removed to Quebec. On the south-east corner of Quoeu and Simcoe streets is a wooden house, now used as a fep