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Tous lea autras exemplaires originaux aont f llmte en commenpant par la pramlAre paga qui comporte une emprelnte d'impreasion ou d'lliuatratlon et en termlnent par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle emprelnte. Un des symboles sulvants apparattra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: la symbols -^ signlfis "A SUiVRE", Ie symbols ▼ signlfis "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis k des taux da rMuctlon diff^rents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atra raproduit en un seul ciichA, 11 est f llmi i partir de i'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en baa, an prenent ie nombre d'Imegea nAcessaira. Las diagrammas sulvants illustrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 '*:. ■■^tk. Vz ..r+. ^■■^ .i^.-A'! Hjfi-i Universite E Montreal BIBLIOTHEQUE V UN ■1 ! la B I Lj L. 1 w i I'l L. V U£ •f.,AJH^M,' '^!, 1 4 F^v tm ^T I MRS. WINSLOW'S Oreatly facilitates the process of teething, by softening the gums, reducing all inflammation — will allay ALL PAIN and spasmodic action, and is Sure to Regulate the Bowels. Depend upon it, mothers, it will give rest to yourselves, and Relief and Health to Your Infants. AN EXCELLENT AKTICLE. Mrs. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP is the prescription of one oft he best Female Physicians and Nurses in the United States, and has been used for thirty years with never failing safety and success by mil- lions of mothers and children, from the feeble infant of one week old to the adult. It corrects acidity of the stomach, relieves wind colic, regu- lates the bowels, and gives rest, health and comfort to mother and child. We believe it the Best and Surest Remedy in the World, in all cases of DYSENTERY and DiARRHaA IN CHILDREN, whether it arises from Teething or from any other cause. Full directions for using will accompany each bottle. None Genuine unless the fac-simile of CURTIS & PERKINS is on the outside wrapper. All others are base imitations. Sold by all Medicine Dealers. Offices : 215 Fulton St., N.7., 493 (hford St., London, 441 St. Panl St , l!ontreaL Bronchial B&OWN'S BRONCHIAL TEOCHES. HAVINO A DIRECT INFLUENCE ON TNE PARTS, IIVE IMMEBIATE REUEF. For Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, Consumptive and Throat Diseases, TROCHES are used with always good success. SINGERS AND PUBLIC SPEAKERS Will find TROCHES useful in clearing the voice when taken before Singing or Speaking, and relieving tLo throat after an unusual ezer> tion of the vocal organs. The TROCHES are recommended and prescribed by Physicians, and have had testimonials from eminent men throughout the country. Being an article of true merit, and having PROVED their eflBcacy by a test of many years,- each year finds them in new localities in various parts of the world, and the TROCHBl pronounced better than other articles. IS are universally " I hare nnvor changed my mind respecting them from the first, excepting to think yet xx„ ....... -...-.^ ,-i. — ^^y^ HBNUY WARJD BBECHEK. Iietter of that whieh I oegan thinking well of. " For Throat-Troubles they are a specific." "An Elegant combination for Coughs." N. P. WILLIS. Dr. G. F. BIGELOW, Boston. Chorister of French Parish Church, Montreal.] at your BRONOHIAL TB0CHB8, in an aSeoUon of th« .ve salted my case exactly, reUeviiig my Throat and elear- [From Rev. HENRY WILKES, D. D., Pastor of Zion Church, Montreal. 1 ••.n/^SS^ -*^'"^^^"* *™™ *°'"* °' °^^ exertion In pubUo ipeaklng, I hare onifonnly found BROWN'S TR1A)HBS afford Telief ." T S^^hP^lS^^W^ BRONCHIAL TROCHES, and do not take any of the WORTH- LESS IMITATIONS that may be offered. Sold everywhere. 2 ALBERT B. SAVAGE, Bar.PLgand Railway Iron, &c,y 21 ST. JOHN STREET, MONTBSAL. Bailway and other important business con- nected with Metals negotiated. TRE JsfEW C AJ^ABM K WEEKLY. THE FAVORITE, THE BEST AHD GHEAPESI FAFEB IN CAHABA. ' . iff j^agei WEEKL Y for $2. 00 per annum, « THE FAYORITfi " PL AN.— We have planned out a paper which gives more reading for leM money tban any paper in America. We propose to fur- nish a better, fliUer, more interesting, more carefiilly edited paper, at t$2 per annum, than anr imported paper which costs you 93.00. Whue giving thi pbi- FiBBKOi to Ganadian productions, we willj^ve, from advance sheets, the Mst stories }}ublished In England and the United Suites. We will have the latest and most nteresting items relative to the Farm, the Garden, the Household, Scientific and . Literary intelligence, a column of Wit and Humor. &c. Get a sample number at the Newsdealers, or write for one. It will be sent nee. '< THE FAYORtTE " MAXIM —Canada for Canadians— whether by birth or adoption. . Let us help each other, if we aspire to be a Nation. ' " The Favorite " is a genuine Canadian enterprise,— Canadian in its conception, its plan, its execution, — written, edited, printed by Canadians, on Canadian paper, with Canadian type; GIVE IT YOUR SDPFORT. Club terms and sample numbers muled free on application. Great cash inducements to clubbers. " Thi Favobitb '' is sold by all News-dealers and on all Railway trains. Address, GEO. E. DE8BARAT8, Publithtr vf THE FAVORITE, tht Canadian Hlwtrated Newt, VOpinim Publiqw and PEtendard Jvational. No. 1, Place d'Armes Hill, and 319 St. Antoine Street, Montreal. University de Montreal 'Apurrov fth Uop. ^^^0«E^TIPN0KT«^^_^^^ i^tinu, pELlVERWi AT ^0NTRBA1,,^ARCH I7TH, 1873, J. NEWTON EMRA, IiIIUT., H. P., BOTAl MASnraS. THE VERY REV. THE DEAN OP^MONIRBAL IN THE. CHAIR. PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET, 1873, All Rights Reserved, Entered, According to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year One Thousand Bight Hundred and Seventy-Three, ij Jomi Niwtoh Emba, in the Office of IL vhe Minister of Agriculture and Statistic!. PREFACE. lEBTAIK pasBages in this Addresi have excited considerable comment among persons holding widely different viewjB in relation to the subject therein treated of; and it has been remarked that an "old, old story" has received here somo Aresh illostrations. In the hope that some new light, however weak,- may be hereby thrown upon the darkness enveloping the views of society npon Temperance questions, and in response to the flattering notices of the public press the Lecture is now published in f\ill.* Its accept* ance as a contribution to Temperance literature is not asked as a recognition of any startling or original principles laid down, or propositions here for the first time set forth, — for no such qualifi- cations can be claimed. Neither does the Author expect credit for elaboration of ideas; for, at the best, the appeal embodies but a superficial glance at the greatest question of the day. But, as no word ever uttered in earnest sincerity, no line ever penned with a true motive, fiEtils to make some impression, however imperceptible, upon human thought and action ; — as each drop of rain swells the streams that grow in volume till they merge at last into a mighty river, — so it may be that even this small effort may prove to be not unaccompanied by good results. To those who are, as it were, at the starting-point of a great race, — ^the free and enterprising inhabitants of the New Dominion, the pamphlet is dedicated by Their Obedient Servant, THE AUTHOR. *Owing to want of time a few paragraphs were nnavoidably omitted in delivering the lecture. LIFE Association of Scotland. Invested Funds: Upwards of *One Million T^ree hundred and Mghfy-Two " ' " Tl^ousand Pounds Sterling. This Institution differs from other Life Offices in thtt the BONUSES FROM PROFITS ABB APPLIED ;0N A SPECIAL SYSTEM FOR THE POLICY-HOLDER'S TEESOKAL BE:N'EFIT AJTD EJ^JOYMEJ^T DURING HIS OWN LIFB-TIHK, With the option of Large Bonus Additions to the Sum Assured. The Policy-holder thus obtains A Large Reduction of Present Outlay, OR A PROVISION FOR OLD AGE, OF A MOST IMPORTANT AMOUNT In One Cash Payment, or a Life Annuity, without any expense or outlay whatever beyond the ordinary Assurance Premium for the original Sum Assured, which remains intact for the Policy-holder's heirs, or other purposes. Canada, M02ace of time, and nnder similar disadvantageous circumstances^ made such a rapid and glorious march towards the accomplishment of an unparalleled undertaking. Let the most casual observer look back over the last few years, and he cannot fail to observo how the sneers and Barcasm,^-of those, I mean, whose opinion is worth having — have changed into a slightly startled attitude, an attitude not unsimilar to that of a person slowly awakening from sleep to the apprehension of some impending peril that he had forgotten in his dreams. He will notice the increasing numbers of those whom very shame or an aroused terror has forced at last to realize the extent of the volcanic fire that has so long been shaking the foundations of society ; and he will view witH aston- ishment the fast gathering ranks of men and women and children who are so nobly arraying themselves to do battle with the forces of destruction and death. We are all aware, too, of the action- taken by the respective ^Governments of the Anglo-Saxon race. One after another we have seen bills passed by Parliament}^ for the regulation of a traffic whose influence for evil could no longer be disguised. We have seen municipal bodies framing a multiplicity of police laws in the hop© of saving their towns and cities from sinking below the ordinary level of demoralization. These are visible signs of the arousing of the people's sentiments to a tardy^ appreciation of the importance of exercising more supervision over the sale and consumption of intoxicating liquors. With regard also to the statistics of crime and pauperism, of misery and sick- ness, and the countless other evils produced directly and indirectly by the drink traffic, we are all becoming tolerably acquainted. We cannot deny the truth of the plain facts and figures so con- stantly reiterated, and verified on all sides with such incontrover- tible certainty. But I wish to avoid entering into these points. They are so frequently and fully discussed that it may be prefer- able to depart a little from the beaten track to others that may, by comparatively new lights and illustrations, prove more beneficiaL It is not for us to rest on our oars whilst we take stock of what the Temperance agitation has already eflfected. Does the contem- plation of its advance or retrogression afford any balm to the broken hearts that at this moment are mourning a brother's or a father's estrangement, a sister's or a daughter's ruin ? Surely not, — and so I would urge you to work and not cavil as to results ; to act, and not depart from your real duty by transferring your energies to^ every visionary scheme that may attract your attention, while it 10 Is more or less foreign to the immediate and heart-absorbing issues. It may safely be presumed that many of you are abeady pledged on your solemn word to abstain from intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and are morally pledged to influence others in the same direction. What I am going to say to such may not be a very agreeable proposition, but I doubt if many will question its correct- ness ; — ^that it is your duty to make yourselves acquainted with every phase of your enemy's tactics ; to understand the nature of ills attacks on the weak and unwary; to become theoretically codV^ersant with every description of influence he excites, and the temptations he employs for the furthering of hii? ends ; and also— an easy, too easy task — ^with the effects of his ultimate conquests. Can a physician successililly prescribe a remedy without first making a diagnosis of the disease ? Can a statesman effect a good reform whilst ignorttnt of the details of the abuse he is desirous of removing ? Certainly not ; and neither will a drunkard listen to your arguments if put forward without decisive aims, and sup- ported by no convincing statements. Trust not to turn him from his ways by the expression alone of second-hand generalities, which he, perhaps, has learned to think he can refute. In taking a survey over the world of Intemperance we observe, amongst other things, that drinking to excess presents as many developments of character as there are different classes of society. It may sufficiently answer our purpose at the present time to study three separate developments of the abuse of alcohol, each class involving many details common to all three, whilst at the same time possessing each a certain distinct individuality. Those whose unhappy lot it is to fall from a high estate naturally attract a ^eater share of attention than others who have never, by birth or education, intellect or wealth been raised above the lower grades of the social scale. A "gentleman" drunkard, if the seeming paradox is admidsable, is always a more prominent, if not a more melancholy mark than the equally unfortunate victim who, in his sober intervals, is forced, by manual labour, to work for the means of existence. Among the peculiar temptations that invest his path, that exert their influence most strongly during the very period in which his character and habits are in process of formation, may be reckoned, ^wr excellence, the possession of money : for even when he has squandered what of right belongs to him, he seldom scruples to 11 jtax the whole list of his iuiAtives and friends, in order to raise the lneedM. And raise it he certainly does, in a hundred ways that [■are open to a man of any connections and inflnence. In this iTespect he is indeed forgiven until the seventy-seventh time. Even I when the secret of its destination can no longer be concealed, he [«till contrives to obtain funds by importunity or false pretences. [For some time the golden mill grinds all too merrily, till at last [from exhaustion it begins to slacken, or to dole out grudgingly rhiftt it once gave willingly. At this crisis it is surprising to ritness the ingenuity and address with which our friend oils the lachinery to ensure fresh supplies of golden grain by tricks and irtifices he would not long since have deemed contemptible in the [least degree. What father would not fondly be the means of [giving his dear boy one more fair start in life ? What mother [would not soften the hearts of sterner relatives to give the impul- sive but good-hearted lad "one more chance?" And so, as often [in a race, the starts are many, but they are false ; the " new leaf" lis again and again " turned over," only to become as hopelessly i4irty as its predecessor. He has the mean 3 of travel, too, at his command, — in these [days a no small incentive to drinking habits. It is a fact that the soberest people of the earth are generally the poorest, and are oftenest to be found hidden amongst mountain fastnesses, far away from the great marts of commerce, and the maritime high- ways of nations, or peacefully settled on the obscure and distant sources of some inland river. In the fiery rush by rail and ocean fiteamer, with the constantly changing variety presented by rapid means of locom6tion, many a young voyager learns, first, to drink for good-fellowship, or to pass the time, and soon to drink from the necessities of his fast deteriorating nature. The dreariness of hotel life is broken through by the potent agency of wine : new friendships are cemented by the glass at the bar ; old friends are welcomed with a treat, and every casual acquaintance is toasted in libations of omnipresent alcohol. A total abstainer has many diflSculties to encounter in his journeys now-a-days ; and a hard drinker is never more in his glory than when travelling by land or by water. • And cannot superior intellect, you ask, enlightened taste and cultivated manners avail to arrest the possessor of such qualitie^i in the downward course he has commenced to travel ? Sad expor- ienco emphatically answers, — "No, not often;" not if the thirst 12 for drink is once fairly kindled, and is once allowed to attain its first firm grasp. In this respect it is a dead leveller, that it can conquer the man who might have been a philosopher as easily as it can enslave hinv whose baser notions cannot soar above the grovelling passions of a savage. Drink causes the noblest mind, the highest intellect, to make a mockery of the divinest truths established by philosophic research and the accumulated lore of centuries. Drink causes men to make a mockery of the sublimest and most awe-inspiring spectacles of created existence. It reduces the starry firmament of heaven, the galaxy of worlds above us, to a senseless panto- mime of flickering lights. It confuses and drives back to its origin- al chaos the divifiely-wrought system of continents and islands and oceans, of anountains and rivers, of valleys, forests and flowery plains^ It spurns alike the aesthetic appeals of Nature and of Art, and blasphemes the voice of God in both. It rolls in its obstruc- tive course over the rising eftbrts of genius and invention, a stumbling-block to man's good endeavors to perfect himself in the arts of civilization. It prompts the arrogance of a mere human animal to exclaim with truth : " I care for neither God, nor man, nor devil." I hesitate not for one moment to declare, — and I believe that this enlightened audience will unanimously support the assertion, — that beyond all other debasing agencies; BEYOND THE NATURAL, INBORN PASSIONS OP THE HUMAN HEART; beyond ALL OTHER MEANS aND CIRCUMSTANCES THAT TEND TO THB TRIUMPH OF UNIVERSAL EVIL AT THE SACRIFICE OP UNIVERSAL good, drink is responsible for the crime, the ANGUISH, THB POVERTY AND THE UNCLEANNE8S OP THE HUMAN RACE, — BLASTING WITH THE SHADOW OP ITS HELL-BORN BLACKNESS ALL THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE CONSTITUTE A PARADISE OP HAPPINESS, OP VIRTUE AND OP UNCEASING REJOICING. And you. Society, prim and respectable, proud of your good name, — are you beyond reproach ; have you nothing to answer for in this matter ? Does not the gentleman drunkard commence his graceless career within your limits, and under your direct superintendence ? Your rules of etiquette,' your so-called time- honored customs, — are they not the most prolific sources, the most careful nurses of alcoholic craving ? Do they not foster the love and the worship of Bacchus in every form, and under every dis- guise ? It is refreshing indeed to note the righteous indignation with which you ostracise the roue when connection with him 13 ^gins to contaminate your unsullied puritv. How many for your reel sake have first learned to love the poisoned chalice ? Tou once itroduced your pupil to its sparkling pleasures ; now you accuse lim of violating the laws of polite society, because he has become >o hopelessly enamoured of the enchantress. Tou once opened him the gate of the flowery road that leads to ruin ; now with l^plifted hands and eyes you hold him up as an example of ingrati- ide, and make him the scapegoat of your own questionable modes ^f living. Some eight years ago an expedition was sent from England to l^pen up the inland sea of Japan to civilized commerce, and to obtain Redress for outrages committed on foreigners by natives of that Bountry. In an attack upon the Japanese forces by the brigade >f Boyal Marines an acquaintance of mine was severely wounded, [is conduct was distinguished by considerable gallantry; and ^fter the affair was over it was rumoured that a high reward light not improbably be conferrbd upon him. The colonel in com- land when asked if there was any person whom he wished to scommend for the distinguished honor of the Victoria Cross, re- burned as answer that he would have been pleased to recommend certain officer, but he did not feel justified in doing so, as the >fficer in question was not a temperate man. Now I beg to ask, rhat training, forsooth, had this young man received, that light have made him temperate ? What friendly warnings had 3en given ; what examples shewn him that might have sapped in le bud the failing that robbed him of the highest reward of valor the British soldier knows ? And this is by no means an extreme [illustration of the mode in which those are recompensed who have )nly too closely adhered to the letter of Society's own perilous instructions. Far beneath the lofty ken of the beau monde crawl its once lopeful pupils. Can you condescend to mark for a moment yonder [tattered, shrieking outcast, being borne on a stretcher to the police station ? Do you recognize that ruined semblance of a man, that reeking bundle of rags, as you glance from the comer of the street [with disgust or indifference at the commonplace spectacle ? In [pity's sake look back into that gaol-bird's history ; for there was a ' time when he could claim a place amongst the best of you. There was a time when he could gaily move within the ranks of fashion. He once was one of you : he once bore on his face the stamp of your own aristocratic blood. Poor misguided man! Was it for 14 this you yielded yourself too free a victim to the seductive plea- sures of a treacherous Society : for this you chose its Bohemians for your associates, and soon became, even amongst them, one of the very dregs of your class ? Where are they now ? Of all the many is there one who now steps forward to claim you as his friend ? Is there one to take your trembling hand in his; to cool your fevered forehead ; to whisper words of hope into your despairing heart ? Not one. See how they curee you now that the world flees the termination of your maddened course. Can it have been for infamy such as this that you threw to the winds all the home ties that should have made your life beautiful ; all the love and respect that should have entitled you to the standing of a happy and honorable citizen j all the worldly goods that should have secured you comfort ; and all the ruddy health that should have enabled you to enjoy existence, as yoii once enjoyed it before your young lips were tainted with the breath of the destroying cup t Was it for this you were content to sink lower and lower, day by day, till you wer« not even ashamed to carry your mother's gift to the pawnbroker's, to supply one last drink with the heartless butter- flies that now leave you to starve, to rot, to die in a workhouse or a jail ? Was it for this that when you could no longer foil to see that destruction stared you in the face, you still blindly clung to the insane delusion that you were not lost so long as you had a circle of these so-called friends around you ? And, after learning to bear the rebukes and insults of your very comrades, and the gathering storm of all good men's contempt, — was it then for this that you still sought and found " in lowest depths a deeper still ?" Yes, the mistaken notions of Society have led many a promising boy to ruin such as this, to the madhouse, the hospital, the black river of suicide, or the murderer's gallows. In all its apathy to the cause of Temperance, Society has not by any means escaped the punishment it so constantly invokes upon its own head. Collectively an entire circle suffers hy the intemperance of one of its members. Loss of business and pecuniary distress involves numbers in misery by the fault of one alone. The innocent suffer with the guilty. Can you bear to reflect on these sad truths ? For the sake of the innocent, I ask, how long shall this system of viper-nursing continue in your midst ? For the sake of the poor drunkards themselves, I ask, — can you bear to think of their woes ? Oh, there is a retribution that this class brings upon itself in a far higher degree than those 15 >ther8 I shall speak of directly. Does not their superior bringing* ip, that finer and more delicate mental organization inherited in |;heir birth aAd developed in their edncation, naturally render them more sensitive and susceptible to the stings of conscience land remorse? Think of one who, in early youth, has bid adieu to the home of lis innocent childhood lo enter on the new and busy field of life. Carefully, x>erhaps religiously reared, ignorant of the depth of th& leap he now, with heedless joy, is taking into the myBterious Fdarkness of the future, he emerges fi*om his quiet country sur- [roundings, taking with him a mother's fervent prayers, a father's [benediction and earnest exhortations. The long farewell to his boyhood's home is associated with all that is pure and peaceful. The chimes of the old church bells, borne on the stillness of the summer air, accord with the innocent feelings of a yet unstained heart, as he goes forth alon«. * * * The scene is changed: a few short years have passed, and the same form again stands upon the hill overlooking the once loved spot. All is there the same. Nature, in ker changeless beauty, still reigns supreme : the ivy still mantles the old church tower ; the quiet farm-houses still nestle in the same sequestered nooks. As of old, the same bells are again ringing out their glad message of eternal love. The soft rays of the setting sun are lighting up the windows of the ancestral hall, as if in joy to welcome back the wanderer. His father stands expectant, with the old hearty " Grod bless you, my boy," upon his lips. His mother waits with out- stretched arms to clasp him to her heart. But he, the wanderer, the prodigal, what harmony have his feelings now with such a scene as this ? How sad to think that he alone has undergone a transformation, while all around him has retained the same sweet simplicity. Well may he linger on the threshold he has never crossed before except in innocence of heart ; well may he hesitate to enter again on scenes with which he has lon^t; since lost all affinity. And what demon can have caused this fearful metamorphosis? Drink, and the passions that flow from drink, have divorced that once true and loving soul from every tie of guiltless felicity. As a relief, however, to such dark pictures we hail the glad fact that men and women of nobler aims are already placing themselves outside the pale of such Society. The seceding party grows rapidly in numbers and vitality, and is even now engaged in the high task of reforming and remodelling its own internal govern- 16 I ment. And it is time : it is time that it shoald be able to hold ap its head before the denizens of our back streets: it is time that its greeting to the masses should be: We come to give you assistance and advice, and now, at last, to give you also the untold benefit of a good example. In the next place we come to a very wide class of hard drinkers. These are restrained by few ideas of social rank: their dissipations, for the most part, are hid by no covering shadow of a fictitious 'decorum. They never were admitted into the ranks of what is termed " good society," and consequently care little what the world may think of them. Their numbers are of course largely recruited from the class immediately above them. "Fadlis descensus Avemi ; " it is easy enough to fall to positions from which one can never hope to rise ; and of these too, in like manner, many, sooner or later find in their turn a level in the lowest strata of humanity. This is the great class to whose door must be laid the minority of the unhappy con- sequences of drink. To give you an idea of my meaning in assert- ing this, I need only remind you that what one man is often in- capable of doing by reason of some inborn spirit of pride that may actuate the breast of even a drunkard, a lower nature will not scruple to commit ; and, on the other hand, there are many evils which a man more sociably debased by all his surroundings is de- barred from inflicting on the world, but which a person of compara- tive respectability and greater means of attacking the weak points of other men and women, may, and almost invariably does occasion. If time permitted it would be interesting to study the many branches into which this large group divides itself. Speaking broadly, however, one part may be usually found to engage by fits and stai*ts in some sort of occupation or calling. The sinews of war stand in need of replenishing ; and, unless one has enough of that amiable talent necessary to adapt him to the life of a gambler, a begging letter writer, or an impostor, he must perforce occasionally turn up his shirt sleeves, and do something in the way of work. Some are indeed, ostensibly^ always at work ; but if such is the case, they may with equal truth be said to be always fuddled. In this connection I cannot help recalling the condition of some of the tenant farmers of the old country. Many a scene that by the force of habit has long become familiar to me in my native county of Wiltshire, I cannot now recall without asking whether such barbarism as exists at home is indeed reality, or only the dream of a distorted imagination. It is no dream, but plain, [palpable, irrefutable fact. If I were to set foot in my own parisk to-morrow morning, I tell you with truth that in calling upon thU farmers and others during the day, I should positively be expected to drink as much wine, beer and spirits' as would suffice to put half a dozen men in a very decided state of intoxication. The first words of welcome would invariably be accompanied with : " Mary, ; my dear, fetch the spirits and some hot water, and a jug of beer« |:and two long clay pipes." Under these circumstances, it is a L«on8oling reflection that I have a chance of waking up to-morrow morning in the good city of Montreal. It is the same in the hunt- ing field, in the shooting cover, at work and oflf work ; but it is on market day, or at the fair, that these grand old customs reach their culminating point Then, if a bag of oats is sold, the bargain is immediately ratified by " two sixes" of brandy ; if it is not sold the " two sixes" are still ordered for the sake of better luck next time, or to shew that no ill feeling exists. If it is a fine day, the genial fact is acknowledged by foaming tankards ; if it is raining cats -and dogs, everyone flies to drink " to keep the damp out," A pretty- way of keeping the damp out, too ! The prevailing element is I drink, drink, drink ; and what is the result ? Well, I know many results that ensue from this state of things, as perfectly as I know that the revolving of the world upon its axis will in a few hours carry us into the light of another day ; but I should be sorry to say more than that the result is visible enough in the fact that th« country districts of England are now in many essential respects as they might have been in the Middle Ages, had they then possessed their present wealth and population. A large portion of this group are nomads on the face of the «arth. The mysteries of tfieir existence no one ever yet successfully penetrated. They may be met with in any tavern, tolerably dressed fast friends with the landlord, an abundant gift of the gab, an eye to horseflesh, not averse to a bet or a game of cards, always very great on their connections, and the vast sums of money they have been, or are, possessed of; and always, without exception, men of the most scrupulous honor I God save us from them and their honor, and their imaginary fortunes, and their rich uncles, and their brass watch-chains, and the one big, blackguard lie that such men incorporate in their persons from the crown of the head t« the sole of the foot. How thej/ raise the wind, goodness only knows : I don't. It is a question which may be considered th* worse,— the man who periodically goes on a deliberate spree, uJL B 18 i'ii Hien' empIoyB the succeeding interral in regaining the bodily^ strength essential to the commencement of another, or he who live» his thankless life oat in an atmosphere of all the drinking, quarrel- ling and vile talk that a community can accumulate. The one reduces himself by continued intoxication to a state from which he can only recover by a considerable period of total abstinence ; the •ther preserves some slight method in his madness ; and, although in the early morning his shattered nerves are useless until restored by copious draughts of his accustomed beverage, he yet oontrivea to restore by noon his previously exhausted energies. In our Australian colonies I have seen the intermittent and the* chronic drunkard brought into contact with each other, and always to the substantial detriment of the former. Many a stock-raiser will pass the greater portion of the year in total abstinence, hun- dreds of miles up the country, safe in those distant solitudes from every source of temptation, but with the avowed intention of g^ing •n a three months' bout in Sydney, Melbourne or Adelaide when he receives the large profits secured by his long exertion and involuntary temperance. Of course hundreds are unmercifrilly fleeced by the sharks of the cities ; but this is the way in which many of these colonists choose to live from year to year. It is of such fine, hardworking, honest men as most of these originally are, that people say, compassionately : " He is a good fellow, and no man's enemy but his own." A baseless assertion, this; for the drunkard, be he honest or a villain, idle or energetic, is a dire enemy to all with whom he comes in contact. For a long time no healthy Temperance feeling existed in Australia or New Zealand to check in any degree the ravages of drink. Now, however, a pleasing sign of a great reaction of feeling is found in the fact that the Legislature of Victoria has actually passed a Permissive Bill, which, although it has for the present been thrown out by the Council, is a powerfril expression of the people's voice that must ere long ensure a brilliant Temperance success. The remaining class I have to speak of has perhaps less of the demoralization of the world to answer for than either of the two preceding ones; not because the crimes it commits are less than those of its more respectable fellow-worshippers of alcohol, but because it has received a lesser light of reasoning power, and because it not unfrequently flies to drink as much from unfavorable •xtemal circumstances, as from sensual appetite. On this class do Ibe woes of drunkenness fall with their most scathing force. Oik i 19 the laboring and on what is commonly known as the criminal population of the EngliBh-Bpeaking community throughout the globe has drink dealt its most withering strokes. During the Fenian rising in Ireland in the spring of '67 I was in charge of an escort of prisoners who had been convicted at the Dublin courts, and were being sent to England to undergo their sentences of penal servitude. Amongst the number was a fine- looking youn^ soldier, whose wife accompanied him in the train from Dublin to Kingstown. As the steamer w,as about to leave the wharf she clung to the wretched man, handcuffed as he was to a fellow-convict, and in the bitterness of the parting she exclaimed aloud : " Oh, if it hadn't been for the drink, you would never have come to this !" That poor girl, in.pouring forth the torrent of her heart's grief in one brief, simple sentence, was but echoing the mighty truth that sooner or later must be established throughout all nations, the truth declaring most of the crimes and miseries of mankind to be occasioned by drink, and by drink alone. One recent Monday morning the police sheet at Liverpool recorded 208 cases to go be|rore the magistrate. Of these 123 wer& the results of the use of intoxicating liquors^ I myself remember- seeing 118 cases disposed of in one forenoon, the majority of which were cases of dnmkunness, in the same court, not long ago. The' prisoners were dealt with in batches. Grey-bearded old men, strong youths and young girls, some with the marks of dissipation already branded on their features, and some whose cheeks were yet tinged with the pure country air they had lately left, were brought for- ward in rapid succession, and as rapidly fined, sent to prison, or dismissed, according to the decision of the sitting magistrate. One old woman, I remember, who was " sent down," had eighty-eight previous convictions recorded against her I And in the police-courts of all large towns and cities, here as well as there, the moumfVil tale repeats itself each morning with clock-like regularity. Nearly all these miserable prisoners are of the lower orders. Is there any person here who has never been present at a magistrate's or recorder's court ? If so, you have- neglected the readiest means of ascertaining what is really going on around you, behind the scenes of your own quiet world. You: could not, I am sure, behold unmoved the veritable, though little- tragedies of each day's list. Some prisoners, indeed, wait witiL brutal indifference ih.9 decision of the law, and go to prison unwept, or to liberty lawelcomed. But mark*that crowd of 20 eorrow-Btricken women who throng the eourt. Who thinks of their anguish ; who cares though each one nurses in her heart a pentpup world of woe ? " Two dollars and costs, or thirty days ; take him away ; bring up the next." No'ono stops because that oft-repeated formula has broken a widow's heart. " Place them in the dock," — a boy and a girl, twelve or fourteen years of age. " What is the charge"? — stealing to buy whiskey for father and mother. " Four years in the reformatory." That's all ; the best place for them. Ah, can you estimate the hundredth part of the heart- burning that overwhelms those two unhappy children? — to be shut out of their young world for so many years that should have been the brightest of their lives. You cannot realize it ; and how much less the volume of the gigantic sum of heart-aches and mental agony wrung fVom humanity each day by the legislation made necessary almost entirely by the encouragement our govern- ments afford for the sale and consumption of alcohol. Is not this a fearM contemplation ? Should it not set the brains of politicians working, and the hearts of philanthropists throbbing to devise some means of mitigating the sad catalogue ? If we find that those who have little to expect of this world's prosperity and happiness ; who toil for others' profit ; who are unable to raise their eyes beyond the horizon of a needy present, — if we find that this class takes naturally to strong drink as its only solace and refVige, the obvious conclusion is that those remedies must be employed calculated to eradicate the predisposing causes tending to such dire results. A higher caste of intellect must be cultivated amongst the children of the masses. It is unlikely that many of the old birds will be taught to sing a different song at their time of life, but they are rarely found so fai* depraved as to forbid their children entering a Band of Hope, or attending to any other means of instruction and reformation that may be provided for their benefit. In the British army it has only recently dawned upon the powers that be, that beer, the soldier's curse, was habitually indulged in for the reason chiefly, that no higher object than the tankard presented itself to the aspiration of the recruit. Beer was to him the mmmum bonunij the highest good of existence, when he, as well as the man-of-war's-man were treated as mere machines, or as brute beasts. What could England expect then but that they should justify their officers' opinion of them ? It was considered but natural that these men should earn their money like horses only to spend it like asses. But a better era has dawned : barracks 21 ire now fitted up with libraries and recreation rooms. Regimental ichools are established for the education of t^e men themselves, as 7e\\ as of their children. Ships, "^o, have their means of instruction, md the blue-jacket's comfort and welfare are ikr more thought >f than was formerly the case. I will, however, relate a fact to 70X1, showing how much yet remains in this respect to be reformed, i'our years ago I belonged to an iron-clad fVigate on the Mediter- inean station. During a three months' stay at Athens, the once kmous capital of Greece, the idea was started of getting up spme ithletic sports on shore for the entertainment of the natives. )ut of a ship's company of over six hundred, a large proportion ^ere present on the field ; and I was ordered to land a picket of larines for the purpose of preserving order, and arresting any of )ur men who might commit themselves by drunkenness or other- rise. I shall never forget the scene that took place before that ifternoon was over. We certainly gave the Greeks an exhibition ^hat was omitted in the advertisement. Whilst hundreds of the latives, — amongst whom there was not one drunken man to be Been — looked on in speechless amazement, dozens of our seamen ind marines, overcome by a fiery liquor sold on the ground^ [against which the captain had expressly warned them, lay scat- tered over the field in helpless drunkenness, or rushed wildly to- land fro amongst the crowd. And these were as fine a crew as ever [trod a ship's deck. It was my painfVil duty that night to carry on [board a British man-of-war a boatload of drunken prisoners. [Imagine the spectacle of men, who no doubt the Greeks are- [as well aware as our own children, never, never, never, etc., etc.;. [being thus exhibited, with their hands tied behind their backs.. [fi Is it not time, I ask, that England should present to other nations la spectacle of a higher civilization than that of which it can at present boast, — a spectacle of sober sailors and soldiers, as well a» of Woolwich guns and 10-inch armour-plating ; a spectacle of sober merchants and travellers, as well as of a waving ensign to protect their rights and liberties ? Is it not time that England, and the [colonies that cluster round her in the glory of their youth and ! strength, adding lustre to her name, and shining brightly from ; every corner of the globe, like pearls upon a royal diadem, — is it not time, I ask, that Great Britain and her noble colonies should stand forth, first and for-emost, before the millions of the earth, libe- rated and disenthralled from the only trace of slavery that yet tarnishes the charter of her glorious freedom ? 22 m I have thus given you a rough sketch of Intemperance as Been by various lights of social rank amongst us. But I have observed no class distinction in the award of the last dread earthly punish- ment of continued drunkenness ; in that climax of horror to which every wild debauch, every "jovial spree" is a sure and certain step. ?|here is no genteel delirium tremens. Position, wealth, connec- tions, intellect, — all cannot avail to conceal from the glaring light of day, the fact that the devil has achieved his masterpieoe, has played his trump card and has completed his final triumph over his deluded victim. Then you may shut him in the remotest room, vainly hoping that his shrieks of torture may escape the ears of the scandalized world, — for, observe, the inconsistent Mrs. Grundy is scandalized now, though she has all along been engaged in aiding and abetting, with the most gracious suavity, the entire progress to this fatal consummation, — ^jou may shut him up, I say, and tie liim down in a straight jacket to his bed; but his class distinctions are vanished now ; his piteous cries are suppressed by no prompting feelings of caution or of interest ; and the gentleman drunkard acts and speaks as madly and helplessly as his uneducated fellow-sufferer in the pauper ward of yonder hospital. You, who wrap yourselves in a cloak of metaphysics and philo- sophy ; who mock yourselves with abstruse speculations on theo- Jogy ; who propound theory on theory of future punishments of sin — ^I ask such as you to try for one short half-hour, in the solitude of your study, to realize for your edification the nature of this mad- ness, or disease, that we call delirium tremens. Around the shelves of your library there are ranged, no doubt, volume upon volume of works of science, telling of the good that man has done for man. Is there one book there that honestly and fearlessly speaks of this gigantic evil that man has, for so many centuries, so skilfully and so successfully wrought for the abasement of his fellows ? Go, and learn what a dread eternity of torture is comprised in that commonplace horror you may observe here, in the living world, any and every day of your lives ; and then, perhaps, you may be induced to acknowledge that here is the legitimate field for your iabor ; that here is a terrible reality calling for the application of flome immediate and practical remedy. A few weeks since, it was remarked by you, Sir, from this plat- form, that a very natural connection of ideas existed between the state of a person suffering from delirium tremens and that of the unfortunate subject of one of those visitations we read of as hav- ^1 I f^^*f§ AM 23 ng formerly been known as the possession of a human being hj n evil spirit. The same thought has frequently struck me on itnessing these distressing exhibitions. If those of old were ally possessed by devils, then all I can say is, that I have known en to be possessed by the arch-fiend himself. What power is it that, sometimes gradually, sometimes suddenly, causes burning insanity to usurp the throne of reason ? What is the motive agent of that trembling of the limbs, that utter loss of appetite, that in- ,pability of restoring exhausted nature by nature's own beneficent rovision of sleep ? What is it that peoples an empty room with arking dogs, and hissing snakes, with crawling toads and loath- me reptiles, and swarms of darting rats; that populates the Tacancy of space with imaginary flies and gnats, and hideous, leering faces, and cruel, murderous weapons? What is it that in- cessantly prompts the haunted wretch to start with terrified glances to the right and left, and over his shoulder, to avoid what he believes to be a constantly impending destruction ? Whatever may be the awful essence of this abstract power, we can only recognize in it the spirit of drink ; we can only trace it to its palpable source of the fountain of intoxicating liquor. Is it not a mercy that a very short time, in such cases, brings with it the certainty of recovery or of death ? Is it not a mercy when such a scene is terminated, «ven if it be terminated only by dissolution in its most appalling form? In a poem by Lord Byron, — " the Prisoner of Chillon "" — there is 330. expressive passage on the subject of death : — " 0, God, it ia a fearful thing To see the faoman soul take wing In any shape, in anj mood, rte seen it rushing forth in blood ; I've seen it on the breaking ocean, Strive, with a swoln conTulsive motion : I've seen the sick and gbastlj bed Of Sin, delirious with its dread :" He might have added a still greater horror to his list; that which, unpleasant though the task naturally is, it has been my duty to thus bring before you. And thus the world goes round. Old drunkards are rapidly struck down by death, and shovelled by thousands into their name- less graves, whilst new drunkards are as rapidly filling their Tacant places. 24 ;i 11 'M I "We are not, as a people, addicted to the balefVil habit of eating or •moking' opium. We look with compassion on the miserable being: whom an abnormal bnt self-begotten condition of body and mind induces to seek the temporary oblivion of a drug, only to be again and again reduced to his previous state of morbid despondency. And yet the use of opium has at least as much to recommend it as the use of alcohol, which still fascinates our people as serpents are said to fascinate their victims in the forest. Under the upas trees of Java, on the malarious swamps of the "West Indies or the coast of Africa, the worn-out traveller, over- powered by an irresistible propensity to sleep, "will lie down to rest, though he knows full well that every breath of wind that blows upon his face carries with it a deadly miasma that will leave him a corpse before the dawn of day. In your own frozen regions you know how a wearied man will sometimes sink help- lessly upon the snow, in the certainty that an hour or two will see it shrouding his lifeless form. With precisely the same infatuated blindness do men continue to welcome the false hand of strong drink, the treacherous grasp of the demon who is plotting their destruction. It seems so hard too, so desperately hard, that few are satisfied with thus achieving their own ruin, but that throughout their sel- fish career they must needs be constantly dragging down others to be companions in their fall. And they not only drag others down by the hurtful force of their own example, but, what is worse,^ they entreat others to sell their lives for the sake of the fleeting pleasures of the glass. That much of this entreaty is thoughtless, for the sake of our common nature we will believe. Some of it, however, not unfrequently takes the form of cold-blooded, deliber- ate tempting. Do you believe in remorse? I do, and I believe in the desirability of avoiding a visitation of it. I remember well how once, far out at sea, a party of youths were talking and drink- ing together, when a little midshipman, whose watch it was on deck, happened to come below for a minute. In an instant a glass was proferred him, and as quickly declined. He was on duty, and refused to yield to the temptation. In boisterous thoughtless- ness he was again urged to drink one glass. He was a particular friend of mine, and I now protested against his being detained below against his will. The result was that he carried his point j and many a time since then has this trifling incident recurred tO" my mind. He sleeps calmly enough now, poor boy, at the bottom a: 25 m f the Bay of Biscay. On that awful night when the " Captain" ent down to her long, last resting-place, that brave young heart afl one of the five hundred that were thett coffined in their iron ehroud. Never lead a boy astray, unless you are prepared to ntertain in every thoughtful interval and on your dying bed, the (hantom of a retributive remorse. Should it be observed that I have alluded almost exclusively to fnen, as though they alone stood in need of rescue from the great eril we are considering, I can very briefly dismiss that point. In general sense we may speak of both sexes as men, certainly ; and o one will suppose that I do not appreciate to the utmost the ad fact that drink pays no regard to sex : but I consider that it oes not become one to hold forth on that more mournful and delicate side of the question, if the great change we so anxiously esire can be effected without the necessity of dragging to light at which, in pity's sake, it should be our duty to shield, as much 'as possible, from view. • Here, too, I will anticipate a further remark that may be sug- gested by this appeal to your sympathies. It often happens that when a person tries to convey some approach to an adequate sense of the merits of this question, the enemies of the cause take excep- tion to the extreme epithets he makes use of, to the too florid lan- guage, as they call it, with which he clothes his thoughts. Ta what use, I ask, are we to put these extreme expressions provided by our language ? If they ever are applicable, if their use is ever justifiable, surely, for this case above all others they are the right and only words. The vocabulary of the English language knows not a word, or a combination of words, whose deepest meaning can illustrate this subject as it must be illustrated for the world to realize its vast importance. High-flown language, indeed I Why if the poetasters and nonsense-scribblers of the period had dedi- cated to the cause of Temperance one iota of the floweiy bosh they have heaped upon every lifeless and ridiculous object that has inspired their little minds they might long ago have really merited the laurels they seek for, and have done something at the same time towards the attainment of a better object. Let us now consider some of the difficulties to be encountered by those who would do something to reduce the sum of thin- wretchedness that confronts us on every side. It is hard to estimate the clinging power that drink exercises over its votaries. I think it was on the cruise that I was last '^■. fipeaking of that one of our number surprised his messmates bj suddenly abstaining entirely from the use of spirituous and fer- mented liquors. He seemed proof against every attack that was made on his resolution, and a more hopeful future appeared to be breaking in upon his life, when, one fine morning, a party of us set foot upon the Bock of Gibraltar. You know the proverbial thirst of " Jack ashore" ; so you may believe that it was no ordinary determination that even then enabled him to remain firm to his resolution. It was in the Club Hofise Hotel, just before the time arrived to return on board, when suddenly, amongst a crowd of strangers of different nationalities, the familiar voice of an old IHend struck upon his ear. A shipmate, whose face he had, per- haps, never thought to see again, grasped him by the hand. Old ■associations rushed back upon their minds in the pleasure of the unexpected meeting, and, according to the approved notions of friendship, the ever ready glasses were filled by the new-comer, to 'drain a bumper to the auspicious occasion. We saw our friend hesitate ; we saw him for one instant start, as if to dash the glass in atoms at his feet ; and then we saw him drink off its contents. And throw his resolution to the winds. Drink, you see, was, after all, the greatest tie that bound the two together : without it they would have parted in coldness, instead of warmly renewing their .old acquaintanceship. In asking a man to abstain you ask him to give up his very individuality; to change the distinctive marks by which his iden- tity is recognized. And custom becomes so incorporated in such men's nature that their every act is somehow associated with the cup. A refrain of an old, well-remembered song, or the revisiting of some familiar spot will sometimes tempt the strongest wills to sacrifice their wiser resolutions. At every step he takes the Temperance reformer is met by arguments as persistent and uncompromising as they are ground- less and impotent in their blind irrationality. He is expected to assent to the statement that a tippler and a sober man are on an equal footing as regards their chances of prosperity. He is told that none need injure himself by indulging in the moderate use of the good things of the earth. More, he is pointed to such and such an one who is praised for his talent, who has a good business, a large circle of friends, and is reminded that that man drinks his bottle 45f port every day after dinner, like a good old English gentleman. Alexander the Great was a man of the rarest talent, too : he 27 imates bj B and fer- : that was ared to be »arty of us proverbial Lt was no »main firm before the st a crowd I of an old I had, per- and. Old ure of the notions of -comer, to jur friend 1 the glass I contents, was, after mt it they wring their ) his Very h his iden- 3d in such I with the revisiting ist wills to LS met by re ground- xpected to are on an He is told irate use of h and such Bss, a large I his bottle gentleman. it, too: he sonquered the whole of the then known worlds and wept that lere were not other worlds to conquer ; but, he died from the effects of a drunken debauch. What recked he of his conquests len, when, at the age of thirty-two, he drank himself to death? td this red-nosed millionaire, with all his flattering notions of 'security, is always on the verge of some collapse in business or in health, that sooner or later opens the eyes of Society to the fallacy of the theory that moderate drinking, as it is called, is an tssential of a gentleman's existence. And now I ask your attention to +he contemplation of a power ■eater than that of any statutory laws, a< far more influential lagency than that of human legislation. This power, too, is largely [arrayed against Temperance eff^grt. I refer to the literature of a nation, the poetry of a people's mind. Trace back the history of British literature, prose and poetry, from its earliest sources. JFrom those days to these, has not its mighty influence been almost (uniformly given to the maintenance and growth of many habits [and customs which have tended only to the debasement of man- kind ? Some of our finest poets have not scrupled to avow openly and publish broadcast, sentiments that they would never have dared to express in plain, unvarnished prose : and for the remain- der, the majority have clothed the most insidious temptations to a profligate life, in language which, while it ostensibly professes to condemn immorality, has instead the notorious effect of stimulating it in the mind of an impressionable reader. Moore, the sweetest of Irish melodists, rhapsodizes about the " ennobling thirst for wine's celestial spirit." Translate this into truthful prose : would not a practical composer rather speak of "the degrading lust for the infernal fumes of gin ?" That does not sound quite so pretty, does it? No: and it probably would not have paid the publisher and author quite such handsome profits. Try again : " Fill the hamper fair. Eyerj drop we sprinkle O'er the brow of care, Smoothes away a wrinkle." Smoothes away a wrinkle, does it ? This is indeed putting us up to a wrinkle we were not previously aware of. We always thought the eflfect of the poetical bumper was exactly the reverse. Our poet laureate, too, heads an effusion: "The Vision of Sin," in "V: 28 The I'MI which he preeents us with an idealization of wickedness, refrain of the song runs thus : " Fill the cup, and fill the can ; . ^ HaTe a fouBe before the morn : Ererj minute dies a man ; Every minute one is born." What a reason for men to drink I The reflection of the change and decay of life, to be drowned in the bowl. Of course there are those who will bid us look for the moral in the spirit and not in the letter of the piece; but they forget that a youthful mind grasps at substance more tha^ shadow. In such poems as these the moral is not tangible, while the excitement of the passions i» eminently so. In corroboration of this I call to witness the cele- brated picture of Cruickshank, entftled " the Worship of Bacchus," the engraving from which painting is to be found most frequently exposed in hotels and bar-rooms, placed there as an incentive to drink, by the very persons who, according to the spirit of the artist's intention, should have been ashamed to look it in the face. Doubtless when Temperance shall have established its happy rule, authors and poets will be as warm in singing its praises as though they had never extolled the virtues of the bottle, and its conconjitant dissipations : but I ask, why have not their enlightened agencies long ago taken their proper place in this movement ? Why have they lingered in the rear instead of fighting in the van ? With the exception of works published by Christian Knowledge Societies and religious bodies, even the moral literature of the day has hitherto ignored the deep issues of the Temperance movement ; whilst of the secular a small part of the periodical and daily press has alone kept pace with the new ideas it should have been the first to promulgate ; but which, instead, it has adopted only now when it fears to commit the un-newspaperlike eiTor of being behind the times. Second only to the hurtful influence of our literature is the sophistry of the liberty-of-the-subject argument, — and in thi"" '^'on- nection I will read an extract from an English local papei . The chairman of a Conservative Working-men's Association, reviewing the recent legislation of Mr. Gladstone's Government, says : — And this Licensing Bill, the worst of all, that took from us our liberty and hand- ed us over to the tender mercies of magistrates and policemen. Who are the pro- moters of this Bill ? I wish to speak with respect to all men, and as I would give free liberty to all, I would claim the same from them. The party that are the advo- cates of the Bill are, I believe, called teetotalers and Good Templars,— men, I con- less. The iie change there are Qd not ia ful mind i as these assions is the cele- Bacchus," requently entive to it of the the face, ^8 happy •raises as », and its lightened vement ? the van ? lowledge f the day •vement ; ily press )een the nly now g behind e is the bhi-^ '^'on- ii. The iviewing i: — and hand- ■e the pro- rould give the adro- len, I con- '» 29 aider, of yesterday. Are these the men that have made our country great, the men that fought under Nelson, Wellington, or, more recent to our memory, that climb- ed the heights of Alma, held the field of Inkerman, and took part in the cavalry charge of Balaclava ? I hare never heard of them or that they have added one laurel to our country, and are they in a majority to pass such a Bill in a free country ? If we are to submit, we may as well go back to history, when the curftw bell sounded, and every man was to put out his candle and fire, and he had the option of sitting in the dark or going to bed. But at that time, recollect, England was a conquered country, and now we are free. I have been told by some it is the law, and we must obey. My answer is : There is a power stronger than a minis- try or a parliament, that is, the honest votes of the country. I trust that in the «vent of an election every candidate will pledge himself to amend and alter a law that takes from the working men that liberty they are fairly entitled to; for it mat- ters not what party or Government is in power, they never will make men gober or keep them so by Acts of Parliament. If the law is to be enforced, close all clubs and billiard rooms, and let the working men start fair with all classes, and if our liberty, which is dear to us, is to be curtailed, let the higher classes set us the example, and then it will be one step in the right direction for us to follow. Now this is a fair sample of the opposition that has been roused in the Old Country by the passing of the Licensing Bill. In it you perceive a pervading spirit calculated to thwart the efforts of such noble men a6 Sir W. Lawson, Archbishop Manning, Sir C. Trevel- yan and others who are, in England, the mainstay of the Permissive Bill agitation. For the old platitude about the impossibility of making people sober or religious by Act of Parliament is eminently true : but here I wish to remind you that in reiterating this asser- tion the people stop short, considering the argument, as it were, clenched, whereas in reality they leave it open to assault on every side. They grant the evils of Intemperance, and yet, while deny- ing that the cap fits their individual selves, they thus oppose every effort to remedy the existing abuse. Why so? — because they know that the cap does fit them, with an unpleasantly close fit, too. The liberty of sober men will never be interfered with by a hun- dred such laws ; and as to the drunkards, why, a desperate disease requires a desperate remedy. They would not be entitled to grumble even if a Prohibitory law had been passed, instead of this mild measure, the utmost effects of which have been to close public houses an hour or so earlier at night, and to provide readier means for the punishment of inebriety, — an offence, be it remem- bered, that has been punishable by law from time immemorial. Parliament will be appealed to in the name of the liberty-of-the subject sentiment to repeal certain clauses of the Bill this session, and very likely it will, for the present, be induced to acquiesce ; but do you think that there is one British M.P. sitting at West- 80 minster, unless, indeed, his iiame be Bass, or Hanbnry, or Buxton, or Allsopp, or that of some other Burton-beery celebrity, who is not instinctively aware from the truer depths of his heart, that the ' time will come when the *' honest votes of a free country" will de- mand and not deprecate, far more stringent measures than have yet been even hinted at, with a view to the suppression of Intemper- ance ? The time will come when public sentiment shall bring round that happy hour in which all Temperance reforms shall be met half way by the great voice of a people, enlightened at last, though only at the eleventh hour, who will welcome with willing hearts and outstretched hands that which they now greet with oppro- brium and scorn. And in the meantime Acts of Parliament such as this are perfectly justifiable op the score of being subservient to the bringing round of that enlightenment, the tardy coming of which is BO much to be deplored. Does anyone appeal to the venerable antiquity of our manners and customs as an argument in favor of perpetuating their dis- graces ? Invoke in answer the shades of a hundred time-dishonored observances that we have already consigned to the limbo of a de- graded past. You need not go back to the barbarous days of the Curfew Bell, when the deer-slayer was put to death by mutilation, and the man-slayer was punished by a fine j when trial was by ordeal and not by evidence ; or, still later, when women were burned for witches, and thieves were hung j when honest convic- tion was led to the stake or the block, and the basest criminals were rewarded with power. No need to turn many pages back in our national history, blackened as it is with cruelty, supersti- tion, ignorance and passion. Becall the events of only a few months back, in the days before the ballot. Many of you must well remember the good old public elections ; the bribery, open and concealed, that used to flood the borough for weeks before elec- tion day ; the prodigious flowing of beer and spirits that washed down the false promises of the hustings and committee rooms ; and all the accompanying results of the deluging of drink with which ten-pound politicians gladdened their hearts under the old system. You must needs remember, too, when on a Monday morning you could see that reeking, sodden multitude of men and women, boys and girls, crowding every inch of ground from St. Sepulchre's Church to Newgate Street, and far up the Old Bailey, as they feasted their depraved senses with the tragic scenes the gallows then provided for their entertainment. The British pub- 81 lie has been deprived of Buch gala-dayg, act it has of public elec tions ; but what sensible person would wish to return to them now ? If I had time I could tell you of the mop, or hiring fairs, that were so common a short time back, and which still to some ex- tent exist, where rows of unblushing girls stood all day in the open yiarket-place to await the choice of farmers and others requiring servants. I could tell you of the Whitsuntide revelries of country villages, and of many other "good old customs" which are fast dying out. It is in human nature to oppose every reform for a certain period, until the force of contrast shews the barbarity of the abuse for which it is substituted. Is it not in the memory of this gen- eration when throughout the South of England the blaze of burn- ing wheat-ricks threw up their lurid glare from every hill ; when bands of desperate men attacked the farpi property, and smashed or burnt every article of machinery they could lay their hands on ? And where is the laborer who has not since, then laid aside his sickle and his flail for the machine by which he now earns the daily breAd he then so foolishly feared was going to be taken from him ? And so it will be found that in after times men will look back with astonishment approaching to incredulity that they or their fathers could ever have reslMted the appeals of the great Temperance agitation. And now I venture to express an opinion that is the keynote to all my thoughts on the Temperance movement. I hold that the entire question of the present duty of those attached to the cause can be divested of all complications, can be cured of the spasmodic fits and starts that have sometimes proved even a hind- rance to their ends, and can be resolved into one plain idea, the formation, or rather altering, of public sentiment. Here is a pro- gramme of such simplicity and conciseness that the youngest member of the Band of Hope can act upon it to-morrow if he likes. The process of the metamorphosis may be very gradual ; in fact such a transition from darkness to light cannot be eflfected in one, or two, or ten, or twenty, or even fifty years : but the dawn must come at last, and the light will be swift or tardy in its advent in exact proportion to the Temperance efforts of ourselves and of those who shall take the banner from our hands when we shall have left the scene of action for eternity. It is useless to disguise that your first attempts at creating new icntiment will meet with much discouragement. The enemies of 32 "Temperance v, ill tell you that you are fanatics. Men respected for their common sense will call your enthusiasm bigotry and your seal fanaticism. Grey-headed, sedate representatives of the people will rise in the House and declare that the agitation is unbecoming, — "most un-English, Sir, unconstitutional, un-evory thing;" whilst at the same time they are impotent to lay their hand on any one item that can be convicted of exaggeration. The fact is. Sir, that the 'philosophy of a Bacon or a Newton would fail to realize the naked truth of the evils of Intemperance : the eloquence of a De- mosthenes or a Burke would be powerless to convey to a listening world an adequate appreciation of the viper humanity has so long nursed in its bosom. Still, impressed with the rectitude of our opinions, we must be content, for a time, to be called fanatics, and bigots, and many other hard names, which must nerve us in, rather than tempt us to any relaxation of our efforts. Bemember that a drop of constantly falling water will eventually wear a hole in the hardest rock. If you persistently dun into a man's ear that black is white, he will in time lose faith in the soundness of a contrary opinion. How much more then should we succeed in sooner or later* establish- ing a truth as clear to our own minds as the light of day. Every- one is the centre of a circle of influence, small or liirj^o; and by persisting in one steady course a person must attract nolice, and exercise some influence on those arOund him. And what if your numbers are small, whilst those of the other side are legion ? The germs of every great reform that the advance of civilization has effected have been laid by far smaller bodies than that assembled in this room. Examine our own national history : how many men do you think stood forward in the first instance to protest against the feudal tyranny of our Norman and Plantagenet rulers ? How many men first dared to broach the possibility of wringing the Great Charter of our liberties from a cruel, a black-hearted and a pusillanimous king? How many first disseminated throughout the land the nobler principles that afterwards produced the rebellion and civil war, followed by the grand revolution that gave the death-blow to the " divine rights of kings," and trampled on the hoaped-up fallacies of centuries? How. many first advocated Free Trade as against a ruinous Protec- tion ? Was not the first proposal to establish railways from end to end of the kingdom, — a proposal, as some may even remember bitterly opposed at the time by a narrow-minded population, — first put forward by an enlightened few, who lived, however, to recaivp 3i «H6tti"th6' Vfeiy iniitipb't^at 'derided ihem the title of ' that in this city Christianity, — that is, Christianity as opposed to irreligion, — is not unfrequently a bar to the prosecution of Tem- perance work, and the sowing of Temperance principles ? It is a fact, — and a little-minded, unphilanthropical fact I take it to be — that some poor drunkards are left alone in their misery by those who would speak to them, were they on a par with themselves in respect of religious profession. And men will declare in public that "Temperance without Beligion is no good." The general spirit of such a statement I should be sorry to dispute ; but I do say that the holding up of such an axiom, without qualiUcation, before the youthful friends of the cause is calculated to mislead them, and prove an obstruction to much of the good they might otherwise see clearly to perform. The Church is a grand agency in the work : but if the work ever becomes confined to Church bodies; if the Church and the Schoolroom are the only places where the truths of a new and sublime doctrine are inculcated ; if the drunkard's ear is never to be reached, or his poor, weak hand clasped in friendship except on his professing adherence to some Church, or any Church, to some religion or any religion, — then I maintain that the work may stop at once, for it will never be suc- cessfully accomplished. It is a blind sentiment that dictates such exclusion : blind to the means of propagating far and wide the views it professes to uphold. "Where, in the name of common sense, is the drunkard to be found ? Do you meet him hanging around church porches, or tavern doors ? Is it the Bible, or the cup, you see him holding in his hand, and cherishing to his 35 if heart? Do you expect to find him praying at meeting, or wrang- ling in a bar-room? You muHt take him an you find him, remem- bering that the first Htep to be taken towards making him religi- ous ia to make him abtitain fVom the most potent oause of hiu irreligion. I maintain, too, that the pledge should be taken fVom any person and under any circumstances. If it be taken when sober it may be kept; if it be taken when drunk, still it may be kept; and if kept in one case only out of ten is there not still the tenth part of a good work achieved ? And if the pledge is broken, is it not better to persuade the object of your pity to sign again, and yet again. Granted, the sin of breaking a solemn pledge, — but would you not of two evils choose the less ; and is it not something gained if an inveterate drinker gives up his wretched habits for one year, one month, or even for one week at a time ? I know some will answer that they f' md on higher ground, and wish to work on higher principles : but still the fact remains that if you wish to succeed you must take your stand on the ground and use the materials presented, and must work upon such principles as you may find. Bear in mind that your hopes will lie, to a great extent, in your own good example. A bold, manly tone should be preserved in all your determination, shewinf' that you know your oourse to be the right one; that you know a is for your interest in every way; and the blindest will see, ader a time, that your now principles are the embodiment of no myth, but a substantial and most satisfactory reality. There are young m* n here who aspire to rise above thoir fellows, who are trying to win honor for themselves by brains, and pluck, and energy, an' xdy painstaking. I would remind you that a rapidly grow t ing is prevalent among business men in favor of employing . advancing those only of known temperate habits, and of avoiding all connection with those who vary their daily routine only by repeated adjournments from the counting-house to the tavern, and from the tavern to the counting-house. Mere than this, in the large cities of this continent, New York, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Cincinnati, New Orleans and elsewhere, the managers of banks, directors of railway companies and the heads of Government departments are beginning to make a point of ascertaining the mode of living adopted by their employes. Can you deny that, as a general rule, no man, even though he himself / t*"*^ il. djonM. be addicted to the cap, will willingly employ ft persoa- of known drinking habits ; or will purchttse or order goods of ft dtiiiiken man ; or will employ as agent or identify himself in any way with i such ? You cannot shut your eyes to these facts : wiH you then risk your welfare and advancement by a weak clinging to those oldrfaahioned ways that render you always ready to take a.glassiwith a friend? You sacrifice much, af»d nobly, for the littke of "getting on." You rise early^ and work the greater part of the;4a^' -To those who; would disturb you, and tompt ybuto idle away a business hourj you do not hesitate to say: " No, my inter- ests' aire at stake; the idling game's played out noW;"^ Then why njot say to «ach,one that asks you to drink : *' My friend, thie drinks ing game's played outi" You will find that it Will play you out/ tb»t enoiigh, so far at least as your business is concerhedj if yoa do no]!^ feee^the advisibility of giving it at onde its com^ ^ graced' , Thed'agftin, has it never struck you as a remarkable fact that njnetytnine- men out of every hundred are unanimous in therr advice to a young man to abstain from drink ? More than this; T wUlgO So far as to affirm that ninety-nine drunkards outofahuii-^ dred may be heard, when in their sober senses, to utter words- of warning,— *words which should, from the force of illustration, opea a young man's, eyes. You may scorn the advice, but you cannot •bliterato the example. Your friends, too, your seniors in years- fttd experience, why should you make light of their advice? Ah,, there is a diflference, you know, between a young man's idea of an old: man, and an^old man's idea of a young man. The young mom think the old men are fools : that is what the clever youths of th«^ period thiiik. And the old men, you ask, what do they thinli ? Why, between you and me, they don't think about it ftt all, becaui&e they know that the young men ftre fools. One question: more,; and I have done with the young men : — Can you afford to drink; can you, with a due regard to keeping up a respectable appearance, and a comfortable mode of living, afford to incur tho' ruinous expenses ;vhich are, in this country, necessarily attendant on these convivial habits ? AM' now,, let me beg yoii, in giving your sympathies to the world at large, to devote your labor especially to the land of your adoption. Have you no generous hopes of the future of this Canftda of yours; and, having such, have you no fear of the des- tructive part; whix)h Intemperance, if unchecked, may play in the working: out <>f he* dmiixkj T Amid the mind's-eye Biotores of the- 37 l^dma(rk9 of ( aa eyebtftil ymth) there'^ef fe>w irior© vivtd lidii ippr^Bsm tktm ,th*t: off my stay .iim Efagland's fawest ' dolotty*!; ^flvqng ,tJ*« dnwme vof the past. there! islniomel hajipSep than! that 'WWPh brings ibefojT© me idanadiaa dife aiidiBcboeiyij Standing xtp&k ii^ei rf^m ,off ajibietift . cities that crumble into dust iiip6n the • shorbb 9jf,the/Mc»diteFrailtony mdiHrnfuliremnantd of ^anebylgion* glbriM of A^^ipi^i Qf;0(ld }> grtaing iiito de«p, my8teriaiidIldWh9t (Qf rbi^t ai ehopt! time past' [isiindeidta gloridusffohe, The* J)robi- ,p€^ i^plea^ing^ in.timth; but hapn^t^Oalnadaibtdeia stunted i^h^^ gPIQl^th, laB childrein ate stunted/, by the ilse of gin ? i Statistics t«U M that thei itofcad amoant ex^iended: in the Dominion', 'ori intbxifcatin^ Ji!qaoirs> idoritg one year latdyj figured gjt the inooikceivaibW sum' ^f «^hteen milUotDS of dollstrst Eighteehihillions of dollars^ thl«own ■Ui itheidogstibya po;^ulatibnYthat' isiinot much larger^ th&nithat 6^ tbi& British Metsopoli^ alone 1 >Bi^hteen;miUion'dollar8''W0)^th!of fiiokneasjof erimey of pauperism and of ioiin ipuitchas^dint^^^ilVd months by ayoung colony whose duty jtierihoiildbe^ seek to pi'6'- venti OniB oeht of hei* h^-ebrned mbn^y frbni > beidg* div6rt(gd intd anjy'lothler channel ithan such as will be'benefidi«il|to her rldinj^ intbrestSi'l'i M f ■Mlh-M r// n//',. ■'•i.f l 'n ,:ii'jii) ';■' /Mr.in ,1 i!o,i| \\i\^.-ru\ '.uEa^h su your ^hor^s their, living ilreightsl ! J In the fields; of Englandy Ireland; and. Scotllandy in^the (workhousesj in 4ihe>baekl)lums of the dities, inen are told that €)anada cialn tranch form a tpattpeir into!a proprietorifa slav^e into ^ifree^ratai. ''.At hottie /they ii^effeotnally chafe < and groan < under the entliTalling chains of prejudice, bjigotryy selfishnesis aiwl) i»istomi ; in C}anad|k Hb^ iurd: promisiadi!a< domplete «imancipationi nWiili iyoik iveHfy yonJ^ proraiaee? ^^Will.yoa prove that such ideas 'are -mot lUltoi- piani; or^Willyoti maartbeprospectanddefeadnthe wheiisisohclmeibT' fodteting in.thie new landof proinifiieithe greiiite^t ouitieof the Old donhttty ;?■•,.•> f, ■[■.r.) •)'i-)ii// . / li'iiii'! iijii.'. h-)/.'ii'.vHU i^:->; ''r^'jii/riii ^ri-The aef^cts preaehtediby'theliiqilor liiwiqtidstlon iii theUnited 38 >£ingdoin and in Canada are different, and must be worked (nit apart tVom any material connection with each other. Canada is far in advance of England in this matter. Many circumstances com- bine to render it so ; but I can now only touch upon one of them. Here a great and powerful agency is at work, by precept and example, which in the Old Country has been till very lately com- paratively dead. I refer to the Church. There they applaud abstinence from the pulpits, but, with a few noble exceptions, the ministry — of the Established Church in particular — has neglected to practice what it preaches. I hope you despise as heartily aa I do, those persons who, in the bitterness of their minds, so often Bay : " Oh, what a sad thing it is to see so much Intemperance, even in the ranks of the clergy." These are the same people wha shake their heads and declare that ministers' sons are always worse than other men : these are the same persons who look upon half the congregation of a church as hypocrites who only put on the cloak of religion for worldly purposes : these are the persons who charge every professed abstainer who is doing good service, witih keeping his bottle safely concealed at home, and such nonsense as this, which in almost every case is as lying as it is absurd. Look- ing at the matter in the light of fact and reason, what do we find ? We find that an instance of inebriety in a clergyman is about as rare an occurrence as can well be conceived. Such narrow asser- tions are not verified by facts : experience demonstrates far other- wise. — To return to the subject, however, the clergy at home are not, as they should be, total abstainers. They acknowledge drink to be the greatest hindrance they encounter in their work ; but they are still proud, many of them, of their own well-filled cellars. But even now there are signs of the inauguration of a radical change in this anomalous state of things. Archbishops and bishops are issuing circulars on the subject, and awakening the dorm ant atten- tion of their charges. My own father, who for nearly half a cen- tury has devoted himself to the service of the Church, has long ■anticipated the movement by protestirig, by example as well as .precepl, against the drinking habits of the people. And is there no inlerence to be drawn from the fact that hero where the term Nonconformist is meaningless, because there is no Established Church to conform to, because here there is no- one sect entitled by the Constitution to arrogate to itself exclusive privileges and une^^rned superiority, where each creed and deno-^ Inination, be it Catholic, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist^ 39 Saptist, Unitarian, Independent or otherwise, has to look for sup- port to its own merits and to its own merits alone, and where the only rivalry among these Churches is the rivalry of doing good, that here the ministry, almost to a man, is an avowed enemy to the consumption of intoxicating heverages? We know how the Church Establishment clings to Conservatism as the forlorn hope that is to save it from Disestablishment: and we know how the. liquor interest in England is espoused by Conservatism through- cut the land. And what natural deduction do we draw in conse- quence ? Why, we infer that in such a state of things the liquor interests, abnormal though the connection may appear, must he brought more or less into sympathetic relations with those of a Church Establishment. And if it be that the most vital interests of the human race are thus being subordinated to political or per- sonal exigencies, — if to secure the Church's aid in the Temperance cause it is necessary, apart from other reasons, that Disestablish- ment must first come, — should we not, one and all, re-echo the sentiment : " Then, in the name of all that is right and charitable,, the sooner it comes, the better." Do not delay : do not sport with Time. The days, and weeks,, and months, and years, are fast rolling into the irreclaimable past.. Some of you have already taken up your banner : the rest can do- so this very hour. Join the cause, aiud help on the hour when we shall flash a message under the Atlantic waves to our mother • country, tilling that throughout the length and breadth of the^ British North American Provinces the people have parsed a law that makes it crimiiAl for man to. poison his fellow-men with, alcohol. In conclusion, my friends, I ask those of you who have not yet, done so, why not give up this thing that so invariably brings, as, you know so well, a curse instead of a blessing ! Oh, give it up to- night, at once and for ever. From every pulpit in Christendomv you are called upon to give it up for the sake of that glorious Christianity that is your immortal and inestimable legacy. I only- ask you, I only implore you to give it up for the sake of the tens- of thousands of pure and gentle wives and mothers and sisters who are this night, as every night of their lives, falling on their bended, knees in an agony of distress to pray for husbands, sons and brothers, so fatally estranged from them by this bitter barrier. Give it up for the sake of the tens of thousands of broken-hearted fathers, whose gray hairs are rapidly going down with sorrow to 40 the grave. Give it up for the sake pf, tfee l^uiKjreds <>f .thpuw^i bf little innocent children, venose xaQJ^^jfira.U\f^^y7p^<^ Jbf Jl;ijuf^|)^, *iid' yhiis^ tittplouded Happpess "v^buidi if^ diinp[ie,(J^, J9p:^d, . ^hpy i Ipmt ■t^liiiely'aB ii?e jjaii, 'the depth of tiiat blja^k p^eicipj|cQj ,1}]^ . JIjejs ^g)|t '^b^fdtb thfetii'iii'^lieli^ ]S'A*(*9 ^j*P^W4v A°;4i iM^)® ,!^/^lp;(tWntM iBkke''6f'tlio6^; wretched, abject thipgs tha^ pn{50,.lilfj9; .t^iefla„TiiS[^ij# 'briih't^yed, liiiig'hing cliilc(rei]i, aijijl sbngi^ p^J thprn;, p9rh^p8,.?t?:<3fljg 'aiid1iliW(686'iSQe men and.wW but who havje.ppcebe^pn^i/^qt^- dfeti;^^!)^!^!!!!!^ worm's, a living libel on. tb«' original form pjf is .for ever, and, mpx Ifeuppicating you'ina hundred wajj^s tp listen tp thp,vpic© of r^9^ ialld bf ri^ht. ' tnterest^ Natui;e, 'the, innate Ipyp of Jiun^an^i^^iTT & lov6/thatis indestructible^,, save by thie one de)8trpye^,j— -lall,,: ,^1 iAr^ 'ai^ajdng' their. iMUence against the \jine-cup.. An4|^lii^lj[j» ■ and signals, is w|^viM|ng0tait|^ bei^nisgirmany a noble bark away from the silro' atiraora*^ ot' opeft' 8e»>Way, on to the cruel rocks on which the boiling waVei^ aire r^aldy to dash them to pieces. «nemy. We only know that Jie has smitten us unmercifully on ^yery side, pn Whiph ho has assailed us ;^aii4, we f^e.f)khLljOjC,onfefli i^at ne'^can 6hly "beiSnally overcome by cohsummaie boldness and r/l^iMu;,r, ).').;.•■;•.• I/O .... -/■■,:'■■'■{ h\*)iir vfetnstf^aH })^^A jemhaj^jpf tQtt ^ot^Sl j%ic^|T^< $^n4^iljS^hUkl ^THFJet^ll back that scalding tear : call back that thrilling glow ; call back that latent but still liiiquenciied scintilift (^f a better nature : and then! gd>fbr9 ^<^ abdlofnlfti^anityVtbfivlf^e out from the page oCfiiMy hikt^drjBevbrytvlgfiitigiiBjai^this burning blot. ,7/ -''\r./ /f ,f/: ^'ipSf^ ' J\'l\'-\'.) !'i)V.!i\ \f. 42 MKOICAL AND GKNKRAr^ Chief Offices, 4Sd STRAUD, LOmMN. Head Office for Canada, Vi Fiaoe d'Armes, MOHmEAL. Capital and Invested Fnodfi .... over $4.0C 9,000 00 Special Advantages to Ministers and Pieachers. Clergymen making annual (la.vraents are allowed 5 per cent, uff Premiums if Assuraucea aitt ettecied uu the " Ordinary Lite" table '* with Protiis." Polieie$ payable during lii'elime at ordmary life rales. JAMES B. M. CHIPMAN, Manager for Cakaba. N.B. — Agents wanted in unrepresenteil districts. THE SILiCATEO 0/IRBON FILTERS Are the most perfect yet made. A LARGE STOCK HELD BY mm To ^e^M 9 75 St. James Street, IMontreal, Who has also a Large Stock of CECCIBIES, POBOBS CELLS, &€. THE tankrb fife 3lssttrante Co, (ESTABLISHED 1825.) Head Office for Canada:— Montreal, Standard Buildings. BiFks in force, - over EIGHTY-FI VE MILUONS of DOLLARS, Aci JMulate. Fund, - over TWENTY MILLIONS of DOLLARS. Jneoiue, . - - over THREE MILLIONS and A-HAIF. Claims paid in Canada, - - - - over $oOO,000. W. M. RAMSAY, Manager^ Canada, f S^H < S. O fo 43 ESTABLISHED 1835. 00 aa if ABA.. is f 1,1, o» RS. RS. IF, m. s. J. & R. IRWIN, Nos. 165 anil 167 Hcliili Street, Hoitreal. Whips. Hone Clothing. Military Equipments, Ac, &o., &o. Jane Irwin. Egbert Irwin. ANTICOSTI COMPANY OP CANADA. Area of Island of Anticosti, 3,750 square miles or 2,460,000 acresi. 320 miles of Sea Coast. Island to be divided into 20 Counties of 120,000 acres each, having 5 Townships each, making in all 100 Town- ships of 24,000 acres each. Business Operations will be to develrpe the manifold resources of the Fertile Soil, Forests, Minerals and Fisheries of Anticosti ; to settleand colonize the Island with those who now frequent it and others desirous of becoming set lers thereon ; andaiso co establish Steamship Communication and a thorough Telegraphic System through- out the Island connected by a Cable with the present mainland system. Special inducements are offered to Capitalists in the pui chase of Farmiiig Properties, Timber Limits, Mineral Prospects and Fishing Stations, or for the purchase of Shares in the Capital Stock of the Co'y. Applications to be made to the Secretary at the Company's Office, in Montreal. WM. L FORSYTH. Acting Secretary. Blank Account Books, OF EVEEY DESCRIPTION, MAMDFAOTUBID BT JOHN LOVELL, MO^TRE L. ^u To h& FuMi^hed^ Shortly : ^■■\T * .• N ) S{ ( the Press, to the Advantage and Convenience of both JE5iti;oM :im^iMMdB^d:-i cot :il resulting from the ignorance or want of observance of simple rules by Authors^ A ::/!';ii u-..n,j:n -rr.v TTTT f'l ? «olS3(¥tJ Joseph ^tl^et,^ Montr^. ^ ^ . ;;K fi. MbORE, 54 Front Street East, Toronto, General Agent for Ontario. r' .46 GEORGE BRUSH, 24 TO 34 KING AND QUEEN STREETS, MONTREAL. steam Engines, Steam Boilers, Hoisting Engines, Steam Pumps, Ore Crushers, Stamp Mills, Water Wheels, Mill Gearing, Shafting, &c. Winches, Hoisting Machines for Warehouses, &c. Bark Mills, Hydraulic Presses, Screw Presses, Castings and Forgings of all kinds; Best Fire Bricks, Fire Clay and Foundry Facings always on hand. SCOTT'S Improved Patent Mang^le. It is STBOJ^G and COMPACT, and a most COMPLETE, ELEGAJ^T, and DESIRABLE piece of Household Fur- niture, ^o housekeeper can afford to be without one. Every Machine is warranted to give satisfaction. Orders left at Hardware and House Furnishing Stores, or at the Manufactory, will re( JTo be Published irk: September, 1878: * ■ • •• I • i ►'•>: .•■•( .»•;•.!■« to |. ■■/••. V.J K,.i'/, ,.j ;..,;» >/t,i^<^» J,((i •tfiit'i,'\ tff.ij «. ftf.-f'TV ! .»'''r/. y"fT'(fr',; l,:r \\*itli '. / This' OAZ«ttkRR will JcooUih ffad litciit i|ita44xd^t AutUfntici^scriptMiof itearlj ,0 . 1.: • . . '^^ SIX ^OlJSAiJDOIT^S, TOWNS,, i^ Y^LLAGiie^;';^ ■•.'» ,',t:u: :l.tJ.,i .It.rtit I'.'.i'J Ontdna^ Qitebee, Nova SeoUa, New Sruruiwiei, Newfowidlanif Printe Edward Island, Manitoba^ British Columbiaf And 4he N(»'th W&st Territbriet i r.'.-'iH • •! (•:>■ ;:,>!;•*' !f'.r'.' i'.> '/•^ ■''*' 'JI V V'"''-'' '■''•■■' *'■.''•■■ '■'■'■^■1 'r...; •;.■.; And genQral >intonnation/drawn from official sources, as to the names; )ocalit7, :•;■„.; ' ■■■'■■■ I ,•'■..' -, •■ '.J . -'-extent, Sec, of over- ^ ".i ■." .• ■.■■■> ;..•. i ■.-.■■'.■ ';;J; ;'iFIFTEE;N HUNDRED LAKE? ANp- RIVERS; jjv'j' •.i.::fj- '".i: Mi.'-j .'-* !< - wiTB Ml' ■••'*•'•)■ ■ .'.•'■'." 'f-i; '•.•<.' i 1 1; r .■'..' '«f.'«^ tAi.['t) l'.:'>} •'[ >,'•;? -ovt 5.. ..• :/■ r; .'1 i..-.., I ;•,■.. ,i(lj:7 ij-j:t;f'«;:'! •• . ■ ••.■ ;•!,, ■ : ».L, -.'>'■.' .in "r. t'.V' ».;...'.■■*; .••■.-•:'•( t\ ■■■* -t .ir./H \>h^-:;:. r ' " .• . • iT-..;Si.> . *•'.#:.;(<'! .■(.••'■'>r.'"..-.".' 'A P P' PK|-n I'V' ■• ''T-i .-.I ../•.■(.••■'.■'•; i • • ■ , . ,,■,■.■•-■. , -. y ! U^'i. •,;i:t.\i JU.:'*.'! .»T ..;?:. W In which ivill be found us^ul and reliable data respecting British North ._' r -."ri'-'l-. . America's -and a^'.'-.: ;1-!', J .'.:'; ... '• ;. ' ■iii>'f-\'i '^':i/i.>i .'AiM.t'- U .fc.-jr- j**.W .'Mftt/.'; ;■ -ir-ii. '{ ■■■•:'i:'.--il ,\-f-iut-i .\:u-'A'> f.t ■'■:■ . rvv) .iviji h ■,. •■:>-Af AB IJ'E'' O F-^ R'OU T E'Sv'-': ^-''''''^ ';•'■• • ■' ■ - I : • / / ■ . ■ . / . I / . ■ ,,«;.•; Showli^gthe proximity of the Rai}r6sid, Sti^tidns, and Sea, LaWjind RiVer Ports, to the Cities, Tpwns^ Village?, &fc,,in the seyeyal Provinces. . ; -^1/' ' ll Jrt. )' ■A <..■«..;. The Wojpk' win be carehUiy coinpn(ed,'an■< forth Ports, dent it / [■•■tts / Ce vo lume doit etre rendu a la derni6re date indiquee ci-desso us This book must be returned to the indicated below. last date ^ff.s: ^M:sr-i~it-B€rwi «•«> aci Oor ^< U Ushen ^^