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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d p&rtir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent Ie mdthode. rata telure, id 3 12X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 DC COMME til MR. J. My dear m Al)8t'noe a Tented me letter. Altl private oue opinion as t cial union a avail niyscll a public rep ji\ order tin informed of this point letter ia eon the foUowiii "My ol).i< 'dace, to. coi nd benetic ting witl second on if yt om (ni yoi jt prepare In attem pointed qu should be i\ it such a I move di)ub bo taken to crimtnevcia Impressed which you to say to yi the laotiv among Ca union ia tli the mainti Canadian within till pioHsed w i-exult fro: country. progress i growth. gance of entirely jt the sou re of great n DOES ANNEXATION FOLLOV^^? COMMERCIAL UNION AND BRITISH CONNECTION. ' / AN OPEN LETTER FROM ERASTUS WIMAN fj. V MR. J. REDPATH — TO— DOUGALI., EDITOR "WITNESS." OF THE MONTREAL My Dear Mk. Doi'gail: Abst'noe aiirt prossuro of work have pre- Tented uie sooner iiUHWcriug your roceiit letter. Altboiifih your coinnuinication is Ji private one, and seek.s to elieit my i>rivate opinion as to tlie eventual result of comuuT- cial union as affecting British <'onnecti<>M, I avail myself of your invitation to furnish yon a public reply for the columns of youi' paper, IK'- order that otliers beside yourself may he informed of how the mattta- i^ regarded from tills point of view. Tlie lay-note of your letter is contained in the^ closing sentence of the following paragraph :— "jVty object in writing you is, in the lirst ■•dace, to eoniaratulate you on the itnpurtance ml beneiicence of tlie cause j'O!' are advo- *^ing Avith suc'.i vigor and ability, and. in second place, to ask you for my own editi- on if you really thiidc there is standing om on your platform for ''amvtians who are )t prepa'i'l to lor.sake Britlsli allegiance. " In attempting to reply to this direct and pointed (iuesti«)n, it is important that there should be no amlngulty. foi' it is evident, tliat if such a reply couhl be framed as would rv- move (tpubt on this point, a great step would be taken to promote in Canada the cansi- of commercial \iniou with the United Htates. Impre.>-8ed with the importance of the task whi(!h you have committeit to me, I lieg, first, to say to you, that so iar as I can fathom it, the motive whicli prompts tlie movement among Canadians here toward commercial union is tlie good ot Canada, comldned with the maintenance of Britit-h connection. No Canadian can reside for any lenuth of time within the United States, and fail to Im^ iin- piessed with the ariva'ntages which wved Canada ought in some way to more largely benetit than she does by the growth, right at her own borders, of a nation so powerful, .«o ri(^h, and .so mruh in need of all that she has to oHer. This feeling is all I he more constant becrinse ot the kuowiedgf) that Canada ia riciierin natural resoun-es than tiie United states theiui-olves ; that in her fo/ests, flsher- ies, H«'lil8 and mines are riches, now almost dormant, that Avould yicdd a return of the most satisfactory kind, if once the barrier that divides the two countries were to bo oiditcratcd. If this could be di without sundering the lu'. tliat binds Canad.i to Great Britain; if. Avitliont sitcriticing the pra«;tiparent. Between seAcn hundred and lifty thousand and a milU % 7 •COMMERCIAL UNION AM^ BRITISH CONNECTION. the contrary, the almost universal peutlment of Canadians in the Htates is that of loyalty to the British crown. The growing trouble arising out of the tislury «1i8i)ntti has Im- f)ros80(1 Canadian residents witli lt« extnMiie danger, because of the freijueut utteiancf. of of hcntimj^nts very unfavorable to fanaila,— sentiments whicrh lind expi'ession in the Retaliatory Bill— which, <(mHiderln(r tlie magnitude of the interests involved, wan a measure of the most radie.-l character, ami threatened most serious r<'sult«. Almost «tinuilan(M>u8)y with the passage of this l>i 1, Mr. Butterworth introduced into Congress a measure calculated not only to entirely remove uU existing dilflcultles, settUi all out- standing disputes, but absolutely to throw down all the barriers existing between Canada ami the Unitei)ects ■were (excellent; that it seemed to have at- tractions for the leading nx^n of both parties and unquestionably has the favor and hearty support of the President and his Cabinet. The transition from a threatened disruption o. the friendly relations existing between the two countries to a condition of i»erma- neiit peace ; the expectation t' at, tbrotigh tliis measure, all the advantages which Inter- state communication has yielded to this country could be at once conveyed to Canada with a revelation full of the utmost impor- tance. No thought of ynnexaiion or any change whatever in the political status of the two countries prompted the ineasure, nor, so far as I can discover, has contributed to its advocacy. Of course those who favor annexation may also lavor commercial union, and there are doubtless a large number, esjjecially among thinking citizens of the great Republiis. wh > favor the movemt a<'tive in promoting the movement on either side of the l)order, I for one most strenuously deny. On the conti-ary, it is evident to those who at all investigate the matter, that one of the most potent influences which would help for- ward an annexation movement is immediately removed by comm^cial union. The only ar. gnmeut of any weight which the Canadian annexation can employ Is the great material advantages that would flow from a p<4itlc9.i alliance with the Be^iblic. All tne advantages which are possible to a political union would be possible to a commercial union, and hence ^he cause for a political change is entirely re- moved. The growth of the annexation senti- ment In Canada has certainly been marked Where years ago it was referred to with bated breath, lt.1 advantages are now not infre- quently nialnta n<'d with vlg'T and force, Hven ill public places; and the ailu-ions to it in editoi'ials and communications are fre- quent and pronounced, especially in the news]»apers of Ontario ami Nova .Seot a. But the one stock a'gument in its fa . or is the ad- vantage that ivoiild come to (!nnada from the enlatged market which would thus be a1- for.led for her natural ami manula('tuied pro- ducts. Nowa<1ay8 no one argutis as to the su- perioilty of the Hepublicau system of govern- ment uvvr tlu! system of rtisiHuihible govern- ment which Canada eiijovs. Few, if any, in Cana'ia believe tliat iii.iveisai suttrarfe is an unmixed bles'^ing, ur tliat an elective Judl- cirry and numerous other pecubaritlt^s of the American system, are to be pn terred to the system which regulates public aflairs in Ca- iiada. The sole ui'd only justltlcation that would enable a native of Canada to forswear his birtliright or a British subject to t'ansfer his alleiriaiuu; from his beloveil CJium'u for a (Citizenship in the American republic, would be the prospective advantage to his pocket, book which would follow a transition so marked and so violent. But if commercial union brings in its irain all the advantages tliat would folhiw annexation, what justitlca. tton is there for longer di-ciissing a political union that would be truthful i.1 only political sui(nde ! If, therefore, it is desirable to re- move the on' V argument, vhe only justiticati< n that exists lor a dissolution of the bond that binds together Great Britain and Canada, then th.! advocates of commercial union are the strongest advocates for a continuation of that bond. Dissatisfaction in Nova Scotia with the results of (confederation ; want of success in the middle? provincces by the vast mass of agriculturists and all dependent on them; and the excessive tension which pre- vails lu iSIauitoba, are all relieveii by the pos- sibilitj of comr'ercial union with the United States. If all this and much more in the same dinKtion is accomplished by this movement, suTcly it is a contribution towa'd the main- tenance of British connection greater than anything else that could be imagined. What jther event in the enumeration of possible events can be named which would more fully strengthen the love for one's native land than to see every interest therein j)ro8per ? "What stronger tie is posssible than that which Joins self interest to the public good, and makes both motives move in the diretition of perpe- tuating existing political conditions, and sus- taining existing connections under which peace, entire freedom and prosperity are possi- ble] The advocates of commercial union claim that all this would result from the adoption of their plan for the settlement of existing dilBcuUles, and on that claim make It clear that British connection Is In no respect either weakened or Imperilled by its adoptloil- COMMERCIAL UNION AND liRITISH CONNECTION, The principles underlying coramerc'al union are precisely the same as those which existtid under the reciprocity treaty from 1854 to 1866. The only dltterenc'e is, that while the tree InterclianKe of artl«;les was limited to tlie natural jiroducts, It is now proposed that DO restrictiim wliatever sV.oulrt exist; and that al articles, wliether natural, manufac- tured, or jinpoited, sliould lie as free of in- tert'liaiiKe between tli© Ignited Stated and Canada astliey are now between Quebec and Ontario, or betwe\'n New York ainl New J^r^ey. Du'inKthe twelve years of tlie re- ciprocity tr«;atytIi bot'i, the result to Great Britain wiuild be a iKtsitlve advantage. A larger quantity of goods would be absorbed in the Tiiitcd States in consequeno ((f this reduction than would be lost by tlie enhanced duty in Canada, wlille the prosperity and purcluiHiug power of the Canadian people would be 80 augmented in conse()uence of belter i)rice8, enlarjicd markets, and Increased communications, that a brcMid-minded British merchant would soon see that tree trade on the coutimnit of America would in no respect (litter from the free tradt* with the rest of the WKild, which he so miicl loves, and under wlii<;h he has so much prospenMl. ,My own c(»nvicti(m is, from very careful thought on this subject, that notliing will (!ou- tribnte to a greater degree to a iterpetuation of British t!i»nnection than a cl()8(! commercial allianct^ with the United States, and therefore I answ(^r most gladlv Jonr (luestion, that there is ample ro m on the platform of the (MtmuKTcial unionist not only for your good self and all yonr friends, but for every Cana- dian who loves his native land, and values as one of his chief blessings a connection with th<» dear mother country. That you were long ago a strong advocate for commercial union I am delighted to 8e() from an article Irom your pen wliich appears in the ('ontem- porarij Review in 1885, in a very able paper (m "Anglo-Saxon Alliance" the following sentence appears, which is so appropriate to tin; present time that I close my letter with the (flotation : "Canada while she is unwilling to abnegate her British allegiance, is unable permanently to renounce jier paramount int(^rest which lies in C(nuni(;rce with the United States, along whose border her p(tpulati()ns form a fringe three thousand miles long and about a hundred inll(;s broad, stretched along a single isothermal, and having in consequence no ade(iuate variety of climateH or products. That plan only ivoiild fully nolve tier problfm that would secure to lifr at once her Rritigh citiztnuli ip and the freeM and fullest inter- course with her all-important neighbor.^' I claim most respectfully that the plan as implied in commercial union fultUs In the highest form all that your loyalty to England and your interest in Canada hoped might come when you wrote the foregoing lines. With much regard to you, I am, • Truly yours, EBASTUS WIMAN.