^ ^ ^ *«.>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) LP [gKa la ■tt Itt |22 2.0 I.I m u 140 u& |L25 1 1.4 1.6 lllll^^ III ^^ ^^ ^ 6" ^ ^ Sk ^;. '/ /^ PhotQgrapliic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STMET W»S H.N.Y. MSN (716)t73-4S03 4R> .^ Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of thia copy which may ba bibliographicaiiy uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checlced below. n D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleuc I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagia Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^ at/ou palliculAe Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bieue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illuatrationa/ Planches et/ou illustrationa en couleur Bound with other material/ Relii avac d'autres documents Tight bit^ding mry cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int^rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissant dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 4tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6X6 filmtes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppidmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilieur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6X6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagias □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdas at/ou paiiiculAes ; I Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ ^ Pages d^coiories, tachaties ou piqudes 0^! Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es r~l Showthrough/ D Transparence Quality of prir Quality in^gaie de I'impression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du material suppiimantaira Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 fiimies 6 nouveau de fafon 6 obtenir la meilleure image possible. T T P o fl G b tl si o fi si o Tl si Tl ly dl ei b< ri! rs m This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmA au taux de rMuction indiqu^ ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X / 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X J 32X The copy filmed here he* been reproduced thenks to the generosity of: Nstionel Librery of Censda L'exemplaire fiimA fut reproduit grAce A la gAnArositA de: BibliothAque nationale du Canada The images appearing here are the bttvt quality possible considering the condition and i^glb^lity of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last ret orded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^»> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. iVflaps, plates, charts, *tc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet* de l'exemplaire film*, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de f iimage. Les exempiaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimAe sent fiimAs en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exempiaires originaux sont filmAs en commenpant par la premiAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, 11 est filmA A partir de i'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 hfEcrioN II., l-^ft". [91 3 Tranh. R. S. C. III. — T/iC Oii'j'iH of the J/iiiduns »f the Queen Chtrlotte hUnuls. IJy Jdii.N Cami'hki-l, liL.D. Wliilo llii' !e Indians h}- Mr. Francis Pooles ho(dv on the (^ueen (!hariolte Islands, puhlisheil in 1S72; for the '• Voyages ol' Captain Meares," j)ul)- lished in 17!t|. give no delinite informati(/n concerning them. Vocabu- laries of their language were edited hy (iailatin und Scouler in the Arclueologia Americana ami th»> .lournal of the (Teograjdiical Society of London, ami to these was added, in 1S77. the collection of Mr. (ieorgo (iihbs in the lirst volume of the ContrihutiouH t(» American Kthuologv, published by the I'nited States le of Malay- Polynesian origin, in si)iteof the resemblaiu'e of the vocabularies. The Ilaidah is a postposi- tional, and the Malay-Polynesian are prepositional languages. Xeverthe- le.ss. of all the northern Asiatic tongues, .lapo Siberian. Mongol, Tuiigusic, etc., there is not one that exhibits any atlinity to the ilaidah vocabulary, although their grammatical structure is more or less accordant. But, scattered through the Malay-Polynesian area, and cropping up more widely in Borneo, New Guinea, Australasia, the New Ilebrides and the 92 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Fiji islundH, appears tho Papuan or Molanosian stock, with a distinctly postponinj^ syntax, and a vocabulary that, in its widely divorjrcnt forms, exhibits every i^radation of influence by the dominant sjteech throi ^a which it has passed, or in tho midst of which it now lies. It is generally conceded that these Mclanesians were the on^inal inhabitants of tho rei'ions in which they are now found, and that those who dwell upon the outskirts of the area have been displaced from their ])rimitive insular abodes by the Malay and I'olynesian peoples. The wide extension of the latter from Mada^'ascar to Master Island, and from Formosa to the Sand- wich Islands, indicates maritime adventure of no ordinary kind at some remote i)Criod in history. It is true that the Melancsian, with the excep- tion of the I'ijians and some other islanders, as at present found in a ]»en1- uj), subject, and degraded state, shows no evidence of sea-going ])owei-s, but the fact that he is now found as far west as Flores and as far east as l''iji, is i>r()<»f suHicient that \\v also was at one time a master of the ocean. The pure Papuan is. no doubt, a black, — tlie negro of the Pacitic- wliile the complexion of the Ilaidah is fairer than that of most of the coast tribes in the neighbourhood. Hut the Melane.sian, as Wallace, Whitnu!e and other writers have shown, is of all shailes, an evidence, it is thought, of mixetl blood, to which also his language testities. Tho Alfuros. or llarafuras of Celebes, are such a mixed race, and, according to Durville, (quoted by Latham, they are whiter than the Malay inhabi- tants of the island. Similar to them are the Dyaks and Idayans of IJorneo. and the Hattas of Sumatra. In their use of large canoes and in their proticiency in carving, as well as in the actual features of their idols and medicine posts, the Fijians claim kindred with the llaidahs, in spite of tho ditt'erence in colour. The houses of the latter point to an insular origin as well as their maritime habits, but in the matter of dress, equipments, implements and folk-lore, it is hard to institute a compari- son, partly fr.)m lack of material. i)artly because the Ilaidah has largely borrowed from his neighbour, the Tshimsian. Language remain's, there- fore, the test of their relationshij). and that test I have applied in tho case of over two hundred words, nouns and pronouns, adjectives and numerals, verbs, adverbs and jjostpositions. For the Malay-Polynosian and Melane.sian languages I have, in addition to dictionaries of the Malay, Tongan, Maori and other dialects, drawn upon the collections of Craw- ford, Belcher, Wallace. Hale, and many other writers, together with vocabularies found in the transactions of the Anthropological and similar societies. To these must be added Dr. John Fra.sor's work, entitled "An Australian Language," which really contains grammar and vocabularies of tive dialects of that continent. My materials for com])ai-ative pui-po.sos have not been so complete as 1 would have desired had time permitted further research, but tju'y are suflicient to make it morally certain that the llaidahs are a Mefanesian stock with a considerable Malayan admix- ture. [CAMPBgl.I.] ORIGIN OF THE IIAIDAIIS 93 Ortwfonl su|)]>ose8 the ]lino ini^nition to tho Malay Hr(hi|K>lago to have hogim in the thirteenth century, and It is snpposed that tlii.s and tlie subise(i\ient Mahinnetan invasions cansed largo dis|»lateinent.«. of popu- lation. That the expulsion of tlie llaidahs was |)osterior to tiie rule of the Jliniloos seems evident, from their possessing the Sanserit >»/•//i. eye ; ti'lini/u. I'ar : tiini'tn. limn, hand; nnnn. liouse; hiniii, tmiah. earth; ajii. tire: hsence. vhile the Pajman and Australian forms are exceedingly numerous. 'I'he ahsence of lahials in llaidah. the place of which is taken generally hy the sound <>f v. some- times by an aspirate, and hut i-arely by the lireposing languages, which does not simply mean that they make ii.se of jii-eposiiions, but that they also jdace the governing word before its genitive, tic temporal in(N.«x before the verbal root, and, generally speaking, the abstract before the concrete a.'* in Semitic and Indo-European speech. The .Melanesian langiuiges. in gemn-al terms, do the very op])osite, and are thus )iostpo>*on of Mr. irarrioOiis llaidah grammar with Threlkeld's Australian one. does not indeed reveal identity ol" structure, which would be remarkable, but it exhibits so many and such striking jioints of resemblance as to show that the two languagt'S belong to one and the same family. In the Malay archipelago the presence of the same syntactical order may easily be detected, even within the compass of a brief vooabtdary. Xow, the Malay calls the middle of the night tli pcrsDn, tin- tno forms are Ibroii^n to each oilier in llic I'ai'itic i lands. Take attain t lie word lorei,'";: it is uniiitirn in Lian<,', iiKiitfii'/iui in Morella. inuntflint in Hatutnerali. muiinitir" in LariUi. Imt in all these eases the first syllahlo staiwls for idiIii'i, a hird. All (»f these dialeets. thereloi't-, are Melanesian and not .Malay. It is vei-y coninion anioni; uncivilized iieople to call the finj^ers the children of the hand. Were this ihc case in Malay- I'olynesian, the word children would coni«i first asm the Toiii^aii I'fur-iiiiiiti, the company of the hand, in which coic is company and /////((' ha>'d. ISul in Tcor lingers are liinintihtiu ; in harika lltmi luif" : in Cajeli llmiimhuhnii : in Liani; riiiiii-/ui/it(tii ; in Aml)law /niimili-/;'i/,(ih'. In these cases the first word is pure .Malay. Hiiki tn- num. the hand, hut the ct)nstruction is that of a people who had not suhmitted lo Malay .syntax. it may ite ohjecteU that this .Melanesian syntax is foiuid not only in llaidah. Imt also in a very lart^e numher of American ahorii^inal lan- i;ua<;e.s. This is true, it is the ordi-r in Irocpiois ami Daiotah. ( 'heroUee and Choctaw, Shoshonese anyllahic as.sociates. Mut these othoi- American, and the Kuropean and Asiatic postponers. have not, like the llaidahs, a .Melane- sian-Malay vocabulary. Their words are. with a few exceptions tiiat tenil to show the tmity of all spee tiio Mclan'sians. Whether tlie latter liori-owe. 1 am aware that there are some com|iarative philologists who regard ilu- common possession of a numeral system as one of the most convincing |)roofs of a common origin. This is a great mistake. The original ("eitiv numerals have been replaced by the Latin. The Arabic have ditfnscd themselves in Africa, the Sanscrit in India, and the Malay in i'olyiie-^ia. In the intercourse of half-civilized or savag*' )>eoplt's with their sujierioi-s, no words are moiv easily lost. Whether the numerals of the IFaidahs represent those of ancient Melanesian sj)eech or not, they an- an evidence ^hat Mala}' influences were not sufticiently strong to impose upon thtin its arithmetical system. Of more imitortance than these are jiarticles, such lus the postposi- tions, of which a list of twenty-six is appended. These arc Australian as well as Haidah, and, were we in possession of lists of .similar parts -d" speech from Sumbawa and its vicinity, links might be found to unite the far distant vocabularies. The same is true of pronouns, of which, un- fortunately, my collection is small. Nevertheless it will be found to exhibit traces of kinshi]) between the (•omi)ared languages such as to render complcic the cumulative argument for their original unity. I have before me Adelung's - Mitbridates." Ivlaproth's -Asia Polyglotta," Hunter's 'Non-Aryan Languages of India and High Asia," the '.Sun Kokf Tsou Ran To Sets,'' and numy moi-e recent collections of Asiatic vocabularies, in which I hav,' si-arched in vainforsuch traces of linguistic affiliation as I ' ive founliiii;f trnniiMlK oti tlif iiortlicni hIioh's of Australia. As lor iIk- size of ilu-ir vessels, it is n-lal*'*! llial a cliicf ot tho Tonsil inlainlH visited Fiji, three lniiidred anr. Lang, in his 'View of the Poly- nesian Nation." has sticcessfully controvert<'d thisopinion by giving many testiiuoines to the fact that, within a few dcgri'cs north and south ot' the lin»'. westerly winds are as frequent, lie also accounts for distant coloni- zation on the |>art of the Sotith Sea islaiKb-is by the custom of conquerors to compel the van([uished survivors to put to sea in their canoes, and not return on pain of death, Such forced migrations have been the means of settling the coasts of America from .lapan and other points in Northern Asia, as well as from the islands ot' the Pacific, 'flie ilaidahs. as a sub- »rdinutc Mehiiiesian people. |)robably found in rebellion against their Malay mastei-s in some part ot' tlie archipelairo. were, at some remote jK'riod, olVered their choice between death and e.xpal riation. and, spurned from every intermediate landing-place, at last found refuge on the unin- habite.. uikI lh(! «!iiribs. (Juariiiiis ami Altipoiics hcforo lOOo. Thi' llttirlahs may not liuvo urrivod till tivo contuni-s afloi- tin' latter ?, ootiinga, eetlini^ah, ithlnntju, ihlin^a, elilin aiaiidu, (!hadu, jada. njada, ntxahta, nniilsliaitH. Iiudsu, keet, kithutso, donnn^r, kinnash, naatzootzoo. hunuiilsii, kocHieh haidi, tiaat, haddeli, halita. oimai, iianng, t«-hiing. oi, owwa, oway, owwai, owa, owjiha. telat, teetlaih, teetlahla,thihai, titlafihp. nha, teetsali, teetshaa, tetsha, titzaga, tsar. toon, tiini,townai (JCHAXtr. aiiloii^r, P'oniiOKd ; iiliiii, Mdlic/im;/ ; oraiaf, .Hnlaji, il<: ; lananjf, l>n, ./'0(» ; faitoh. Tiinuri ; (luadne, Titnnnma ; jadda, Malagnf]i ; wamidyo, ./aifi ; dindah, linju ; inf)8U, Rolnma (wife); ina, /'hrmoiui. kachua, Mijwl ; dodio, .\fttiitiin; atai, Taraimn ; Uudjajiuz, .Iw.t^mrto ; indonn;, Tiu/nla ; anak, Ma/n;/, rtr, HiUMi, Jura; anakoOBOO^:, Sulu ; zanac, Mahnjonii ; anako, Bnjn ; ^ inianak, yl/(H(tj/<> ; nati, 7V •■ .m ,■ <• nanai, Wahai ; tahinae, Tuiiijn ; tama, Fithiafu ; kainjjal, yinalkuii, Autlralin ; kaiiidiil, AuKtmlia; L'azuia, Mdlaijaii;,'. utha, Kotuma ; pito, yayah, Java ; kattam, I'lliw; ctemoii, Main olio ; apang, liiajuk; ainalian, liiHaijim ; yaman, .*>aiiyM»r; knnni, dunjo, AuMruUa, yaiya, Tidore; ma-owa, Galila; fae, T'iH<)n ; ibu, Malay, Snnda ; &ao, Australia ; uhani, Roluma ; waiana, AiMlralia. \e\Ay, Malagas;/ (man); lola, liuju (man); taroraki, linlanghitam; arracat,/VZe?'' (.man) laki, .VbAii/; puialiaii, Waliai ; duUai, kardo, Australia, [?aua, linrvio ; s&wa, Saiiguir ; ftLWhh.Sulu; aheliwa, Matahdla ; jiyti, Mysol ; hoa, Neir Zealand. tuanna, Atw ; santono, /'jwi ; ading, Lam- pvvg ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Enolibh. Haidaii. Brother toun, titountfim dai, teetali tekwai, tikaf^lia Bister chetii, chaai •li-jasha, ti-jaaka tee-taa toonay, chaatoon People Haiti), liaidah hadis, teliaidaaliga Heail hatsli, kata, katza katz, kadze, tih-hats Hair katH, kuts, kashkeht tih-tiat«in kow kaskaitl, katlkaitl Face haugh hung, hange, hoanga hnnge Forehead kwul, kkiulh tuu-kwuul Ear kiu, geu, kew keu, te-kiua Eye hongai, hungeh, hunge honge, tl-hungee Nooe kun, kwun, kwin tun-kwun Mouth kut hadle) hatle, lietli hutli, haitleeeh Tongue tahanga, tuntangen tangil, tangul tangl, tungl Teeth tJiing, tsinga, thsin tshin, tun-tainga Beard skiwi, kaiowa, skiwigli tskehwe, tunt^akiue akowre OCBANIC. djen, Mille ; taina, thkaa/o ; toina, Nevi Xiulund ; tehina, Tonga adi, Jam ; taeae, Tahiti ; taei, tathi, Fiji ; daiadl, Atutralia adik, Malaij ; adifahi, Bali ; adikayi, 6'un- da ; tuaka, Fiji k'.ti, kauat, Atulrulia (Ijuko, Auntralia djen, djatan, Mille ; teinu, Ntw Zealand lieieti, Walmi ; taata, Atui ; taotao, Formom tao, Macasmr ; tauo, Tayala ; taowe, Hugif katow, Tavoo / kadou, Mtw Zealand kahutu, Mi/xol ; chetuk, Madura atu, Tarnmm ; katta, Annlrulia batcha, Manicolo hutu, Tidore ; udu, New /A'aland ; uta, Me- nado kaat, kittug, Auitralia ; kide, Tasmania utan, iSauguir waukaugh, Formom hua, Batumerah; keo, Lariki; hue, W'ahai keiule, Morella ; kaiola, Liang; keulo, Teluti hihika, Liang ; uwaka, Morella ,|onaga, Oatd ; uhunam, Alfurox baugat, iSunda ; dangoy, Batan ganga-lbri, Ifot^rtu (cheeka) alia, Midi ; lae, Tonga, Fikaafo, etv golo, holo, ullo, ioullo, ngulu, Australia quaka, Andaman ; koyge, koidji, Tasmania uhiu-ping, Lampuug ; nan-gow, Oalela tain-gah, 8ulu; cuegne, ton-ka, Australia kanohi, New Zealand ; inirko, Omltay wangua, New Caledonia egong, Lampung ; kunguh, Bali jjunga, Bolanghilam ; nguno, Oalela ngunu, >So/ioa; awanga, Tavoo; aoun, Hat;/iu ngutu, FakaaJ'o ; nboutou, Ticopia gnutu, Tonga ; bun-gut, Bali sun-gut, Sunda ; ngundai, Australin talen, talaiig, taling, Australia nangaladi, Oalela; dadila, Formosa dilah, Tagala ; damarau, Waigiu kauinga, Biajiik ; niainto, Tomore niain, Teor ; ngin, Mille yaangh, New Ireland cava, Tonga ; kumi-kumi, New Zealand kumi. Fiji ; kumkum, Rotuma kowder, Malay [fAMPBKMi] Rnousii. Neck Arm Hand Fin^ors OHKHN OK WW. HAII».\IIS Haidaii. (H;HANir. 99 hil, haUi, Uliil 1"liflr, Maloii ; Ifllnu, luji ; liicoco, T'lmo tiitiK-liill kiilUuiii;.', kiiro, woll, ililtlil, .iMlraliu hea, liRiii, hie, liyaih hIh, liotumn ; l)ai, Tanumu ; chaH, s,iniang ilini. tukl>-hyeli,liea-kow ciii-jruiMirti), ItdUfu ; liiii^tuai, A'. Oih'lonui liic-kwal stiiel, Htlai, 8tlaili shtlai, tunaklai iliU Htn-knna, 8tle-knn(te slt-kniinoli, slak-mv^'e lioiiaiui, 'I'linimimit ; vmia-lia, Aimlralifi cliiiilok, Linniiwiij; nla, Airaiini taimriiifa, MniKjitrei ; niriilnii, Taijnhi ^farikih, Hoihirn ; liarnii, .Aiivi rizlia, kori, Austi-dliu ; liv'n, Fiji >roola-nmi, Stiln ; limaiii-kokoii, (Jiijiii sar-anizn, liouton ; tar-niii. (^nnnri .u 8l-kunjre,tuii8klBi-akungikaninko, Minxil; wan^'an. Wiho-. slai le- lUI tta Fin(.'ei •nails etliikwun, stlkwun stleknn, tun-stlekwun shlukun, slinoon BckIv, chest hloo, kliieh teetnl, thloo katle, ilthlo kann Belly kitz, keitsli, kadza kichi Leg knia, kial, kwnlo kiul til teelilla, hlkeal Foot 8tn, stai, stnich ti-skaia, kl-stai Bone tiu Heart Blood Village .skoodze, skooji 8kwnts, tskwndza hitlai konpa, kook tee-knk, t-koya kudine kai, hui, ai, haih, haiyah nakwan, naikwunaiun nowatlwan jari, Mdlii'i, hnnfiniui ; kokon, f ViyWt kokdwana, »'/" ; uini, Snparti't kainiiik, Tol,i talahiknn, W'niiu . teroina, lAung tert'in, LariLi ; karunjtnn, Awlrnlia lojjiiii, MftMariiit'i koli, .SWa • 1 ilfth, .S"'rt//fr; knroko, liouton hatare, Muhni; vvancl. Formom; dada, Morrllo kalakahith, P' ' )/• ,• .salini. Sunda "hino, Toiii/ii ; liiiana, New '/tahind anana, LarikI ; yaTi;.'n, /'V/i Kete, Tomjit ; othi, Rolnmo cheonjr, Snmnvfj ; jreun, MUli' sikil, Jnrn ; chakor, Unli ; hilis, -SWu la, Rolntiin ierka, irako, ttaro, n^'nrri, AuHralin iraka, Omhivi asta, Madvra ; liasta, Jovn (hand) piki, Sniv ; hoots, Malauv(j ; tolanji, Mndurn ; urut, Ti-or towler, Mulagomj ; tul, Tohi ikeiki, Taramvi ; ngako, Nev Zealand snsu, Fiji; hnanfr, Rolnma ; ki, koort, AuHralin hatai, Sidti ; jantong, Miduii ; tintin. For- mom dah, Rolti ; daha, Biajuk, Menado, Sanguir raha, Wayapoo ,- rah, iMinpung, Roli, Java houda, New Caledonia kaan, Tura.an ; langhanua, Rotuma ngurang, Australia lOO Chief House Bow Arrow ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Axe Adze Knife Canoe Skv Sun Haidaii. itluktas, itla- rata iklai^ta, itla^'.t nail, naa, na na8k(X)sil ti-shwanshin helit tlket, tlkit, tiilait, klelula, hklaida tsitunfr tshtullung, tsitilung Usutalung, taitalihmg skoo-dsitalunsr kungal tshoollslioo, kwetljaw kiatltzow, kitlchow kitlznw, kintlciio kiutldzacu hot a skew, kutkwan vats, yatza, yahdz lieatsa kloo, klu, kluh kluyuun tloo yen, yaien kwcesknu kwai nsha, sliah choweein, kung chueen, jewi dzikwai tzoore OCKAMC- aring, Bugin ; karaing, Macastar ariki, Paumolua, Raratonga ; ratu, Sunda aliki, Fakaafu, Nt'V) Calnlovia turanga, Fiji banna, Bouton ; nnia, .SW(i, 'Muta ; maia, AuHtndia giinyu, ngnrra, Awtlrolia huma, Wah'ii ; uniali. Jmm tito, Atui ; gandiwa, Mndura I1U8U, Soparua hela, W'uhai ; usulali, Grh, FormoKa tharinga, tiuirang, Auslrulia (axe) diilluizaug, Amtraliu (a httle lance) durinda, Aimtraiia (to pierce) gnahow, Tonga ; kinnee, Australia tolie, (hjoii ; toola, Australia galeleh, Salihaho korrie, Auatralia ikiti, Balumernh ; katUHU, .Vunfaratty taito, Gale'ui ; aati, Aimii/n todo, Wahai; dota, Oiiihun (axe) ieowa, Ttor ; sei, LariM ; see, [Aang ; kohi, Hvl« kadutan, dnwnng, Bali (dagger); katgo, Java katanan, Masmratti/ ; seito, Teluti seeli, Mordla; selt, Sapnrrm ; akaditz, Taramm kotikoti, Nev Zi.alaml hoi, Teor; saloi, Borneo; koure, Manicolo roho, Timuri tala, Saparifi, Camnrian ; deru, Qalda hanit, Balan ; hani, Marqwma ; yangle, l'elcv> gagono, Jora hakoso, Jnra ; ngawiyat, Java angkasa, Bali; gudjait, Australia siingingi, Jatvi/ingkong, Timhora ; haugat, Wah'ii wangi, Tidorf ; nnn, Bolanghitam ; singa, Fiji tvyoss, Pdew; hai, Atui; kiun, ganga, Amtralia nei, Formosa ; asa, Rotumu ; seasan, Mysol djaat, Australia ; janw, Utanala surya, Bali; yaro, Tobi ; tegoura, Tas- mania [campbkll] ENauBii. Moon Stars Day Night Wind Thnnder Lightninjr Rain Fire Water ORIGIN OK Haipah. kung, kunga koohwin, kooni kaitza, kaitsaliw kailta, kuiltah kaeeltah slianglan, slmudliuig sunglotllun halsa-lmiinsa utkagun aainti'.ah sinki, sliinjiia, singgah alga, all lekwa, halkinil tadzu, tatan tutshao, tntsuka tajow helun, hilinga hihinga, lieelunga hettlaiig ■shihaultin, skutkanlta klignkno shiugu lull, dull, talla tulleekwa tsaiio, t>anoo, ishuuo tHunnu, tsanno lannu aiintl, knnti, kundl liuntle, ondl hantl THE IIAIKAHH lOl Oceanic. liiauo, Teluti ; ma-lipina, Toutr(dia rykkat, Formom ; coreowe, Pelew onga, Rotunia kiill, Pelnv; ulali, Amhlaw ; hura, (i'dela olan, Tagala; oolan, Sdu ; golim, Mgxol uron^, Salibabo ; karu, Tarawan ynro, Amlralia Sana, 'S'lmda ; ginni,./«m; guui, Java yong, unai, Awlralia ; une, 'I'aitmanxa broino, Java ; raid, Roiiima kalla, Amtralia ; kanaku, paluinu. New Zealand dorr, Batcldan ; taru, Tobi waili, Cajeli; welo, Teluti; weyr, Liang tirto, Java; ayer, Mala}!; ae*-, Salihabo koUe, Australia 102 English. Earth ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Sea Kiver Valley Prairie Island Stone Salt Iron Tree Haiuah. tlga, klik klika, kieega towge tung tanga kundl, hunlMunn ondl-kwaw kwaiunfun heta, uhheit klegalasli kligulle, thikilyoun kunna Oceanic. (lara, Lamjnmg ; darat, Malaij, etc. ; luu Rotti cliarik, Bali; gelegele, Tmga ; kale, /(/- k-aafo; nggelli, Fiji lanah, Malay ; tongoutoo, Tonga tagal, Java, Bali, etc. tasi, liotti ; taao, Batan ,• towein, TeMi dasrat, Tagnh; taisin, Alfuros ; tahi, Tonga tai, Falaafo ,- tat, Toln ; donai, N. Caledonia odern, Australia; waaung, Formosa kali, Java ; walungan, Sumla ; ylog, Tagala wailanim, J//uro.t / tolo-niaina, Wahai weyi-hatei, Mordla ; turagung, Awttralia sungai, Muluy^ctc; songai, Madura sawan, Sanguir ; ongagn, Bolanghitam tawhati, Nrw Zealand nggaliko, Fiji tagal, Bali, Madura ; tagij, .lam ; gunnigAJ, Auntraiiu wcrewere, Fiji ; garawaii, Australia taciian, Timuri ; koiiouko, Sandmch Mountain klitow, klitaua, kldoliw haldoko, Java ; 'redi, Java Wood kligutkaizootla kwaia, gnai, kwai hnnthelda hlka, kleliat ska, kwau, kwoali teedza tanga, tangakaga tung, tangkahya tung-hlailla yautsha, yaedzi, yiedzi Iieats, hyahdz, tatets irotza knit, keht, kait sahantsingliiaug tshano, tsanoo prawoto-okolo, Java; hikti, Botli thuangsoio, Boluma ; taiyal, Australia ioo,,Sulu; waf, auni; yef, My.Hol yanuyanu, mji ; kalindyi, Australia se\o, Jam ; rnkk-dh, Mille ; ran, Tohi nreure, lniga chfirere, MMngmij ; yuranyi, karangi, Aus- Iralio angso, Juvii ; gangsa, Bali (goose) White Black lied Blue skatunga knisde tsina, tshein cheena, seena tarun utta, hattnt, kadi aghda kinhatta hater hlahl, klahtl tikuhl, klhatla tiahilega haidamasa kleluit rnosh, mush, mus shaeta, siet, akeit shaida, shit hutlilh, kwolkulh ohlh, ohtliiutl ohtlh klehut kinhlilh gotgaiig, wongawonga, Amimlia dara, Bali; garalga, Australia; kereru, New Zealand ikim, Mala;/, etc. ; ikani, Bouton ; thunjj, dhyng. Formom kena, .SWa; kina, Sanguir; icanne, hiene, Waigiu nggoli, ]'ot(SaUbabo ; decheki, Galela didiki, 7j(yu; kutu, Kaioira ; dikit, Bat- cliian tsuts, Roluma ; ngiti, Jiaralonga tagoli, Lamjiioig ma-djodjau, Milk; paluika, New Zealand koko, Madura ; kuwat, ./(ov/ ; kaukauwa, Tiji uia-kaua, I'iji ; kaiun, Australia tua, Bali ; toa, Bugix ; nggasi, Fiji tuliak, Sama')iy ; antielis, Malagasy taliinae, Tonga (infant) liaareng, i?'<(ujn(i; gazala, Malagasy (infant) olitao, BImyah ; dliulungaimba, Australia tU)\Q, Aivaiya ; lille, Tonya; lalia, 7n/ore; alia, Baju nalaing, i/oco ringei, Formosa; nukkung, Australia lelei, Samoa, Fakaajo ; leilei, Rotuma kalion, liali ; dautan, /^/«« //an; kino, Rara- tonga mungeet, Pdiir ; akino, N. Zealand ; nakie, t'ajcli yangasiri, Fiji ; tatna, Tobi marakai, Cagayav ; maraghet, Baton leanga, Samoa bagoa, Sula chake, Bugis ; tijok, Malay ; mapagui, Tagala tils, Sunda ; toe, Atui ; tijketoke, Roratonga toetoe, Tahiti ; matit, Rotuma guiaca, ;\V"' Caledonia 106 ROYAL Enolish. Haidah. Hot kina, keena hunan teekinakai I Ilia, klaha, tiaou ilia, teea Thou dunga, tunga taha, dahou He, etc. wnnnisha, wunasa laah, laha, laou ou We itla, taleetia tulhing, tahin^r tuUiinga You dalunga, tullunge dalung tkullala tahhnnga They klaa, laha, Itha watltasa wadzohnnnp. This aah, aha adshi anis, iHhwanna Th All OCI-IANIC. kuno, Soparmit ; ahuan, MutaMlo san, Qani ; sun, liotuma angat, Afala;/ kawulo, Java, Snnda ; kawiila, Sfudura ; itar, Milk hulun, Javn ; hora, Bali ; area, />o/w titwa, Bali ; te, Tonga ; atn, Tahiti ; tea, Taravav dehna, Madura; ngoe, Tarauwn; angkau. Mala y diko, Java ; dika, Madimi ikau. Siilu ; ygao, Tagala manili, Stmtla bal, dulla, nj'uly, Australia iya, Lampwig ; eiya. Svhi ; yea, Tagala ; oia, Tahiti aia, Tonga ; ia, Taravan tautohi, Tonga ; keiran, kndaru, Fiji; derro, Milk siramo, Batav ; drivan, Midicollo ; gully, galata nlgung, ngadli, iigahi, nilgung, Australia ara, ngaira, Taravan ; knla, Java dru. drau, Fiji ; nuranir, ngindula, Australia movitohi, Tonga ; nataroi, Malicollo hia, Samoa; orua, Tahiti; knrua, Paumo- tua, N. Zraland tou, Samoa ; kitningu, F.rromanga ngindigung, Australia la, latou, Samoa; ran, raton, Fiji; raua. ratoH, Tahiti, N. Zi-aland ; eris, Rot^ima ; koira, Fi./V atan, Marquesas ; ar, kar, Australia iki, Java ; iyak, Sunda; siji, Lampung heto, Biajuk ; tudeli, Samang ini, Malay; nek, niki, Bali ; iana, Jiugis ; neV.0, Madura ; puniki, .7i't?'a, Bali; paneka, Madura; unni, koiinn. nidja, Australia; tenei, N. Zealand eta, Sunda ; itu, Malag ikuiko, Java ; ia, N. Zealand ; iya, Balan puniko, Java; hantnk, Bali ; ianatu, Bugis girowa, Madura ; tera, N. Zealand ; kikilly Australia iaoon, Sida ; yaoii, Tagala ; tena, N. Zealand ahena, Tonga sadarum, Jam; lamon, Lampung (many) watlewun, walitlawun lahat, Tagala; dilan, Tagala wautliwan kirun, Avjitralia waahse, wadshi waha, wukwosa wunis atokuUa watlwan, wadluhun [campbbll] ORIGIN OF Enqlish. Haidah. Many, much kwan, kwanika, kwaan kwankukh, kwanewun Who? f^ushn kishto, kistlio Far tsinagnn, dsinjja jinga, tsingaeewun watakwahakweth Near aliunung, kimungwik knmtsingang anana, aauan, anannok To-day hait, aiut, aiyut aiatta, waiatta asshandlneeah Yesterday utahl, adahl attahtaleesta tahtaieesta, adatltho tatiha To-morrow utahl, tal-.tla attahtla, adatltbilo aungodlun Here aah liailkwa There wuah) vvakwa Yes ang, aiiguh,>ung No kano, kum kowuno ungai 107 OCRANIO. skvan!?UD, swansung skwansen, swaunshung shwaiiHung, aowhunsun teahantsin sting, stung stun, stunga shtung ttkwunilh, tlkwunihl hlawhul, Ithunilth thlonutl kweh, hakung, Javii ; paghan, Biaayan bannyak, Matay ; banyak, Madura kumai, AuKlralia saha, Sunda ; isiu, Sttln ; oohai, Tonga ngandi, ngando, AuHralia inpjao, Biajuk ; auanoaatii, N. Zealand jaho, Madura ; kutin, Awtralia hadoh, sawat, Bali ; betuh, Biajuk; adayo Ilocn tauhiti, auoatu, N. Zealand vfianlma, Australia ; ngaki, Axutralia kuinhu, kanaibo, Av^traliu ambani, MacoKsar ; arani, Cagayan ita, Iloco aiyi, Australia; kawai, Andaman hadlau, ' meliin, /'('/(»/'; limi, Tohi ; laina, /lu)t(ra/ta lari, Malay; lelia.Tonya; k&rehe, N. Zi aland tittorht, Milk har\, N. Z( aland ; oola, Tonga; garre, ^4tM- tntlia riiola, Tarauxiii ; riki, Fiji; kotaratara, N. Zealand ; untelliko, Anslralia wittillico, Amtralia ngengele, Fiji yuzganung, Awlrulia tidor, Malay ; kaikaru, N. Zealand ; madiira Milk magtnlog, Bimyan ; macaturue, Cagayan toog, Sulu; tolog, Tagala ; tiultii, Borneo tavo, Fiji ; turu, tilem, Java titri, Tobi ; nutur, Java lolocoy, Peliw ; yalia, wiyellico, Augtralia kata, Malay ; kaya, I'^ji; wiclianten, Java quendera, nganna, ^'akilliko, Australia naori, dara, taratura, Tarawari ; kele, Ro- tuma kawdangoi, FormoKtt ; konohi, koinata,y, Tagala; tai, Tonya tukituki, iV. Zealand; dakkai, Australia loeloc, Tagala ; nguddela, ngiirria, Australia nduri, Fiji; rarau, tuturu, N. Zealand kuduk, Borneo; tekateka, Fakaafo warria, ngakiliiko, garokilliko, Aujiiga, Tnnmania ; taiiranirli, Formoiu ; ndaru, Fiji kniletinen, Mille winiiigkang, Australia giiralong, Australia sinleo, Narigatom; giiiulyar, Anstrali'i puttikan, wandi^ng, AtMralia asap, Malay; yaphoi, Mysol kobun, (iah ; aowaht, Morella kukus, Java ; baaali, lAimpung okoo, Madura ; alioo, Tonga aualii, Ntiv 'Acaland yafleit, Tear ; laftain, Ahtiago lavanuk, Malagasy tok, Mille ; wetynt, Australia gua, frd/t / gnaco, Tonga; iiewaiyu, Wahai kipai, Austr'«(/(«, • atas, Mahij ; itaas, Tagala lialaas, Sulu ; eailaas, Bimijan; kiatli, A nMralid liiMic, C'liidiKtn ; licudan, Iloro n^'f>laIl^'a, wiling, yarewar, AustruHa >ii, ToiKjd ku, lldli ; uia, Tnvgn ; ka, ya, Awlmlia ganka, nngunai, oin^a, gi'-.gkura, gwai- kangat. AnMndvi haktHU, li'ili (litaiifiah, .U*//"//; tunti, tuntauk, Awtralw. tai, Timijd ; ly^^. AuMraUa ma, Tomjit ; an, yaniio, nung, Awtralia ti, Swi(((t ; teka, sako, Jam kai,