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FBBRVABT VinJEJCMTHjinNBTBKir HUN- BJUBD AND ONX. ••♦•♦♦♦♦♦ ••••••»♦ / ^1 11 kA I 'i' H PROVINCIAL LIBRARY VjCTORiA. B. c. -4^5.,.'ii..-x|^|Vf* i Up- ? 'tm^^ -^ »-\ 1^- : .^j... li. ]> m !.■ , ), -1. — 1 -, -T . „ . JI. rfVi., • # • • • • • • • ADDRESS FRANCIS H. CLERGUB. # • • # • • • • # M«. Chaikman, Friends and Fellow Citizens: The honor which has been shown me by my feUow atttens and fcUow laborers of Sault Ste. Marie conveys to me a deeper significance than that which is attached to an ordmary expression of good wiU or compliment or congratulation on one's safe return from a long journey. Its spontaneity and the desire expressed by aU of the citisens to participate in the occasion is the evidence toat what has been attempted and what has been performed and what is being projected by those corpora- tions over whose local interests I have the honor to preside have, after an opportunity for observation and critic ism covering a period of six years, secured the unqualified ap- proval and applause of all of the people residing in Sault Ste. Mane. The gratification and satisfaction I feel at your compliments so enthusiasticaUy expressed is very greatly en- hanced by the fact that the position which we now occupy in your esteem has not always been possessed by us; and by the consciousness that we have acquired it only by our abUityto endure the closest scrutiny and critical observation covering a considerable period of years. This contemplation is indeed a source of a genuine, and as I think, deserved self^ongratula- tion. I fiiUy appreciate that the compliment conveyed by thia banquet, while being addressed to me as an individual, is in reahty meant by you to be an endorsement and a commenda- tion of all the oflkers and shareholders of those various com- panies which have manifested their confidence in Canadian 1310^2 w i i);^ h ii t 'T- -a- m r i i'l - ■'.Vf «.■ SS^Zn?; .1^ Canadian people by the invertment o« many miUum. of dollar, m what ha. been to them a foreign land^^ A. the re.pon.ible head and iep«.entative of^e^T eonr f^hliSl^H"*,?*^ American^who h^e7h«1.l^SS^ faith m Canada by their work., I am here to accept vonr^ gratn^tion. and your i^mpathy with the 3^t ^SL* »en.e of gratitude and wtirfaction. I may haW^olSS^t your kind .ympathy ha. not alway. in the pil ^n^^ rtrated in our favor. I mu.t not leave an^o"eouVSo^^" rVarn""^"' °' -"^^^ *^^* my^athwTSlTu" Ste Mane ha. been .trewn with the thorn, of iUwiU ^ the mdurtrial undertaking., which have «, far pr^^Led^ your midst, were firrt projected «x year, ago, we foSTIauS Ste. Mane a .maU viUage far removed from the cent^ of ^m memal and mdurtrial activity in Canada, com^S^atotei P^lation of not over 2.500, the majority o^^m?^?i mcM thw a. a compliment, were people of diwDoo^^ ambition.. Th^ were indeed of that^co?ra^ou.TnSf ^rament wUch characterize aU pioneere; tl^rh^ k^S larger commmiitie. of Canada to «ek that bitter fonn^^ tZrf"^^ ''"*'^" for indurtty and eflFort which tl^^v^c^ guard of all new countrie. hope for and u«,aUy acquire. «• ^I^^L^'f^^Po^tion of Sault Ste. Marie ha. been aimre oated by prehi.toric aborigine., and when t^ fiSh«^ Ijmg. capable of leaving behSS him a ^^^o^ ^^^ thi. .jot. he found it already a center of populatiWd a^^ ^rtant meeting place for the wild triCf the ?o^t ^^ ^h JlV ^^»^T°^ t^ -Pirit of imagination had rovS with freedom amid the beautiful huntinglround. and a^iS mdustrial stnicture. of Sault Ste. Marif. The aSvSt 5^ Canadian Pacific railway on the Canadian side^dcJtwS railway systems on the American side w«« ^L ? year 1888-the career ofSault ste. Marie and the fortunL m Its citizens seemed to be assured. A grievous dSlppo^Cent however, was the result. It was observed that thftrai^^r: . h.| ! t; r n / ' .i'' .1 '\ »• jj - •M ^nSt fSf 5^' J**"^' ^^ *^ «^^«* °f thee raUway.. were not aU loaded down v^th water wheel, to be droiSS w. A '^ Of cred»t for immediate investment in comer ^m *"^" *^ ~n«tr«ction of magnificent edifi^ V^ S. SS^ '°"''?!*?J° perform, without interruption tlSr Zc! tioni as a health resort for the whitefish- the fo,^*- 11 • ^ untouched and the long and broad expknt^ oH^J.^.'S^ waUcs leading throughout the town and int^ the ^°s W ^h me to sUt%t^°^ °^*r ^*^" "y «°°^ ^°rt«"<^ brought me to Sault Ste Mane, where my good sense has kept me ever smce^ I have sketched the experiences of some of thegen"fem^ ?Srdt^f:„d° "'''*'' *'* ^""* °^"^-^ ^ whicTl fou^S «wr«. ' .*■ «?.""»■« and justification for the almost reluct^t manner m which they have reached the concluTon ^St STm^-''.^"^ "°.™' «^°°^ ^ ^«"^d* « generT^d iS Sault Ste. Mane m particular. After the dire disaoooinTm^^ o^y years they could not at once, and wT SfSS period of observation and education, become insoir^ with confidence in anything Canadian. It is to th^ cau^s thl^ T t^^^ *»-,^o«bting; criticising attitude^ many of my fel ^watizens during the early years of our developmenrhere from a ^"-'^^r^ *'"* anything would 3r^'„7t irom a certam contract entered into b^two^ «,„-^ir j -dates with the town of Sa^t Z^^r^s^'^^^^^l^rr, S7it"'Sv°"'v''*'^^r"^'^^'P^ mstLu"eo?sev. rZf, «• . J**^ "***^ ^°"*<^ *«>« a contract at a rate of profit sufficientto enable him to retire in happin^a„d wealth Sf Tu t; leT^'J^ ^"^^^"^ ^^ *^^ coUegeboysofthe cra«nsAU the merchandise required would be purchased at the existmg shops and at Indian prices; the office wo"k ^d the i ' I i ■V i i-#;Ji> N |,-. ^■-r— -^ general admiiiMtration of thete undertaking! would be con- ducted by the •oni of the principal citixeni. If these ivralts did not begin to follow at once after the completion of the con- tract, then diMppointment more bitter still would follow from this latest eflTort to revive the fortunes of Sault Ste. Marie. I am not recounting these early experiences in a spirit of criticism or of complaint; the attitude of the citisens of Sault Ste. Marie was entirely natural and human, and this occasion demonstrates that these same citisens were possessed of all the stamina and all the virility and good sense necessary to win for them and their community ultimate success. The projects contemplated at the time of my first arrangements with the town of Sault Ste. Marie were of a character and of a scale quite unknown, and of necessity entirely unappreciated, not alone by tho citisens of Sault Ste. Marie, but quite as little un- derstood by the dtiiens of the larger cities of Canada. No ex- ample had come to the knowledge or experience of the citizens of Sault Ste. Marie of industrial undertakings of the character or magnitude of those proposed, and it was only natural and justifiable that the time ari the effort and the technical skill and the forethought necessary to produce the works which you see here should not have been conceived of. I remember well with what a feeling of chagrin I listened to the criticism ofmy associates at one of our meetings when it was suggested that I had not seemed to secure the good wiU and popular sympathy of Sault Ste. Marie. My reply was that successfiil works would soon secure sympathy, but thav to turn over the administration of them to the community would soon result in the ruin of both works and community. Night and day, year after year, the construction and operation of these works have gone on. With the exception of the Lord's Day, there has never been an hour for six years when the hammer has not been heard about these works. With an equal persist- ence the inteUigence of the citizens has been hammered; every month has seen some little advance in the income of the mer- chant, the landlord and the laborer. Mouth by month the population has gained in number, and day by day the citizens -T'-* ■■ ■■ ' — m. have come to fcel that they are partner* and jointly intemted •5[*tem of works and mduttiy, perhaps without parallel in Tariety and importance. 1 have pointed out the critical disposition of the town's people at the inception of these works. I must declare how much we owe to their vigorous and constantly growing nup- port. Their support has grown with their faith; they ate of the r^ht type. They could not be otherwise and inhabit the ■onem which we live. I do not speak disparagingly of the Southerners, whose graces and intellectual qualities everyone adimres, but the cosmopoUtan observer in studying the histonr crfthe human race about the world wiU find a belt spanning the globe wherein the vigor of the climate and the changing seasons seem to produce in the human race an energy and a restless industry which has accomplished for mankind the greatest results. The northern limit of that belt has never been found; the southern limit is defined with some certainty; the northern states of Europe, and of the United States and all of Canada are within these blessed bounds, and of this race aie the cituens of Sault Ste. Marie. Besides a sturdy physique ^1?!.*^'^**^ *°'" «"^«'«»ce. the people of this zone are inspir- ed With mental attributes of the right sort to insure success in thetr occupations and duties. Let me illustrate by some recent experience having a local interest. You will all remember the advent her^i, during last year, of four ocean-going British •teamers brought out by us to engage experimentally in the natation of the St. Lawrence river to the lakes and carry the traffic of the Helen iron mine during the open season. At the dose of the navigation season these ships were sent to sea TOmpleting their loading at Montreal with fuU cargoes for Bnstol Channel ports. Leaving Montreal in the month of D«»mber they encountered in the passage across those unpre- cederited gales of this winter, which seemed never to end, and which destroyed and disabled many of the best ships on the North Atlantic. I myself crossed through the midst of these gafcs on one of the largest and fastest ocean liners, and you wiU believe that I did not fail to see those little ships in my ' r f u is I J-Li •ialaHlia t; - / nund . eye wh« my own big .hip was l^g tosi«d about like a chip on Lake Snpenor. Our ships encountered the very wowt of the gale. The Monkshaven had her four lifcboS ^^IS^'^^rr"*^*"^****'- ^^ »**«°^*» bulwarks we« crumbled up like paper and broken in flat with the decks All comiections between the deck and the cabins we« battened theTu'u"Sf t^.'!^' *T i^ °®"" °° *^^ ''"^^^ -«W noT^ the huU of the ship, which was continually immersed beneath the seas In the midst of this distress the^teel q^raS^ly m.ans of which the rudder of the ship was control^? w« ^„?i • r?. '^'^l^l ^^ '^^^^^^ °^*h«^ «hip was lost, ippar. entiy nothing could be done, the engines wereof course stopped, and the ship tumbled about among the mountainous w^ lJ^eaw.«:k. When daylight came the officers andciewset themselves at work to get control of the rudder. Forward ^otu 1 f spare anchois, and with the help of hoists and tackk, after twenty-four hours of struggling through the seas crii^J^wn'^i^'^'Tr^^^^^^*'*^" aft^fash^:," h^««^i, ^''^"'"P^^*^" ^"^^'^* ^^ ^^^ forty-eight hours the ship was agam under control and off on her courae Intheimdstof thegale. and while these repairs werxTS attempted, an ocean liner was sighted, overtook the ship and T^ were exchanged. What think you was the signal dis- shaven? Did it announce her disabled condition, and ask for succor? Did It «ad that her lifeboats wereaUgine, that S^ rudder was disabled and the ship mimanageabfe? Not sol This rr.i^V^ which these brave men flung in the winds: "We ^^r^^^'^^^P^ohkshsiycn; please report us all weU " J(es, mdeed, the Monkshaven was ''all weUI" "AU well " while she had on board officers and crew whose courage and whose -enseofdutymspiredthem to decline assista^ under^ ternfymg conditions. A. few hours later the ship wasuiSr control, and a week later she limped into Caid&' 'all well " and these British seamen, unconscious of any heroic conduci ^o^ only that they had performed a duty welK^i^S then- petty dues, and went ashore to mingle wjth the hundred. i} s I!. I h,: r^ — " I ■ ■-- a- »>. I '.^ chWoause of the .attS^S Ct^/Mlr ^JT'^^'^ST population supported by its fallinir w«f*.,^ u ^ ^^^ servant these^Lling ^teiJm^ ^when ^^^^^^^ possess a force and oower w}„vin v • 7- controlled, they Calculable d^tmrtCrttt^l'''''^^ ^°"'^ ^^"^ result was a piling up of the water«s«f7>!;r ,' ^"** ^'^^ height never befoS horded Th? « ^ fi • ^T*""^ *^'°^* *° ^ more than six miaions of iXr, Z^/^Z^^LT^ aster occurred at night in tht> t»;^.4. r ^f P*"?«°- The dis- thick snow storm At the firLf? a howling gale and The laborers, the mechanics, the mill operative., f^2 ^*'"°^- ««^msM„g,,ater,the falling sno^.T^'^dtag^'icT'tta* SLd™^'^ Z^:^zZ"- ?':r""«"«'>,p4 jj*^ shou,«"r,.%r j™rcj s^^a^- phshed victoiy, and the mills were saved! r , i: 11 vi t i: / U '.■ y.^.j iy f u .!' .. What can stay the progress of a purpose beingui^ forward with an energy and vitality and faithfulness of this sort PNothing I You need have no fear that the progress and prosperity of SaultSte. Marie and the industries now founded therein will be checked or retarded by absence or the loss of any individual. The very progress of education which the citizens of Sault Ste. Marie have enjoyed in observing and participating in the con- struction and development of these works have qualified them to become associates and participants in its future career. You yourselves will see that these works are sustained and sup- ported and continued. They are your sons who will become the operatives, the mechanics, the accountants and, yes, the managers of these various undertakings. The technical and professional training which now becomes available to the youth ofthis community throHgh the medium of these works afford educational opportunities which will quahfy them not alone to conduct the operation of these, but to originate and promote others. You have the right stamina; you have the right physical and intellectual attributes; you have the right climate, and above all, opportunities untouched and resources only awaiting your requests to yield toyou success and profit. So much for the past relations between the town's people and our company. Now, I know you wiU all Uke to hear some of the practical details of the operation of our works, and then you will, I also feel sure, expect me to make flattering prognostications of the future. I am too well satisfied with the present feeling of con- fidence which my fellow citizens have now acquired in me and my projects to imperil it by confessing to you what I really think about the future prospects of the two Saults. If I should tell yoa what is really in my mind in respect to this, you would, I am sure, feel that I had been carried away by the lat- est advance in real estate, that my capacity for judgment was gone, and that I myself had become a reckless boomster. I feel, therefore, that my good reputation requires that I should refrain from making a forecast of the future which would seem extravagant, but I will allow you tojudge of the future by xo w^ - ' - indicating some things of the past and of the present. As! have said already, and as you know from observation to be true, the factories now in active operation here did not drop down like manna from heaven all ready for the use of man. The general design must be conceived. The engineers must make the drawings, the materials must be purchased, and the work- men must construct. These things involve the expenditure of money, and this expenditure is not confined to the community in which the works happen to belocated, although such is the impression. I shall take some pains on this occasion to dis- prove this error, and although you will all experience a feeling of regret that eveiy dollar we have spent in the past or shall in the fiiture expend in our operations here does not remain in arculationin Sault Ste. Marie, and finally find its way into your individual bank accounts, yet other communities can take heart therefrom and come to realize that they receive their share ofevery dollar expended here. You must console your- selves by reflecting that if the only result of the establishment ^^!!^ ^^* ^?l^^ "^^"^ *° ^""^^ ^ «^^* "*y at the Sault, in whose affluence the rest of Canada should have no share, ihe Sault would not for long fail to feel the unfavorable influences which a universal envy could exercise. If I were to disclose state secrets you would learn that already the trail of this dis- t^^ u^'^'l^^^ *^" ^°' ^ ^a^t I suspect that his head has been bruised by a heel. But the statesmen of Canada of all political mchnations and business men of wide experience • .'^^r "L^""" '""*^^' ^°'' ^ ^* th^y °^^^e an example to mspirehkeeflFortata thousand waterfalls between Halifax and Vancouver; to incline Halifax and St. Johnand Quebec and Montreal to study their own special opportunities and advant- ages and by the development of northern and western Canada become the Boston, the New York, the Philadelphia and the Baltimore of Canada; thereby Toronto shall become Canada's Chicago, Hamilton her Pittsburg and the lesser cities shaU take heart and each with enthusiasm and confidence go for- ward to rj)eat in Canada the successfiil career of the United Mates. I have had some figures prepared by our auditor's ""lii n I I , U-1 ii^^ i'' ,. .-. 1 '• f n i We commenced the operation of the Algoma Iron Works a^ TL'mn^"rf *"?"^^"'°^^ two nTht ^nlov Qnn ^'^u°P' ^^^^'^'y *"** blacksmith shop now emijoy 300 men and the annual payroll amounts to $200,000. We have expended for supplies and material for the iron wori« SaZ^ p"^ " Canada and principally in Ontario o^ pdOO.OOO. For wages we have expended $200,000 The "cTanl" *S' -Pr*^?f these works, which our Z^ now demands and construction for which will commence on Z oi^nmg of snnng, will require an expenditure of $100.0(2)° and S^rPutri^T^''^'"';'^""^ *° «^- TheSaultSte n^^Zi^^F i P^*" ^°™P*"y ha« expended in the labor and ^dh^! J!^ r^'^r*"*^"^ °^ ^*^ works over $2,000,000. ^t^r 7^"^"^ ^°' '^?°' ^" °P"^**^°« °^«r $1,000,^)00. Th^ n^r^i °^°^«^ «°w on ,ts payroll is over l,000and the annual payroll amounts to over $600,000. The new pulp mill c(Mn^ Sfr^^rXrrsor'^^^^^^' -^" ^— ?he^umierTn consT!L'J^^T7^*''*=^^^^* ^°"^P^«y has expended on construction of i^orks over $300,000 and has ^id out in wages over $50,000. The increase to its system to be under" ^t\Z T"-"^ "l^^"^^ ^" ^°^^ ^50.000 and will em- ploy 200 men dunng the construe * n 000 nl?^^^* ^T""*" ^°'^^'' Comi,.-.y hasexpended over $3,. 000.000 m construction, and employs 1.000 mVn withadailv ?hJoi'°'^'f''-- T^-^^Jitionalworis to be un^^k^'oJ the openmgofsprmg will require 2.000 more men on its pay" ^« 1, ^1 ? ^**^»t»o«al expenditure of $5,000,000. These rdtLT"t'r'^''*"*=?^*^^^^^y'«^^ «^^ power ca:^^ and the blast furnaces and steel plant. The Algoma CentrS Railway has already expended over $3,000,000 in construe tion and has had as many as 2,000 men on its own and con- tractors' payroUs. Four thousand men will be requirt^ to ^^7.r^!,T'^'*^°°.*^'y^'' ^^*t°t*» cash expendit. ures estimated to be required for completing the Algoma Cen- tral Railway is $5,000,000. The Algoma Commercial Com- pany, operating the Algoma Central land grant, will require 1,000 men to conduct its works projected for the coming year. The steamers and steamship lines now owned and operated by the Algoma Central employ 250 people, and the new line to be opened in connection with the Algoma Central this season wiU employ 250 additional. Expenditures for the steamship line have already exceeded $600,000, and the addition to our fleet wiU cost $500,000 more. The Reduction and Refining Works, under construction, will be completed this season and will aflFord employment for 500 people. A summary of these figures shows that we have already ex- pended in works at Sault Ste. Marie or tributary thereto over $9,- 000,000, that we have over $9,000,000 more to expend before theprojected works arecompleted;andthesesumsdonot include our outlays at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It indicates that the 3,000 men now on our payroll will be increased to over 8,000, and that about $10,000 incash will be distributed daily at Sault Ste. Marie among the builders and operatives of these works. There is a great advantage, which should not be lost sight of, to the community in which capital is expended for industrial works, which does not result from a similar expend- iture in railroad construction or buildings of any other nature. In industrial works the artisans engaged in the construction thereof invariably remain either as artisans in the works them- selves, or as employes on new works, the necessity of which is caused by the original industi-y. The capital invested in the construction of the railways entering the Saults, or in the great government locks at this point, performed its function as a cir- culating medium only once. The works were constructed, the laborers paid therefor, and then they dispersed to all parts of the world. No appreciable cash revenue is derived bv the com- mnnity from the operation of these railroads or from the operation of the locks, although, of course, the general inter- ests of the community are much benefited by the facilities for transportation thus aflForded. But it is true, that no workman engaged on the construction of any of our works has ever left ss ,1, I 1/ i (3 its t % •4,kt I' i j'fi Vf this community because he could not find employment, and that at wages equal to the highest paid for similar labor in any country in the world. To mention the considerable expenditure of capital already made in the Sault Ste. Marie enterprises and to predict the still Urger expenditure necessary to carry to completion the ad- ditional works now under construction is naturally to excite the admiration and enthusiasm of every one having practical interests in this community; but no degree of enthusiasm on the part of the promoters, no applause that their ambition and courage may receive from the interested observers, will alone secure financial returns to the investors. The extent and variety of the various works in operation or under construe- tion here would likely excite the criticism and unfavorable comment of those whose observation has often disclosed the disappointments which have resulted from injudicious expend- itures by the projectors of large operations. Notwithstanding t) ambitious hopes of the citizens of Sault Ste. Marie and the exceptional confidence with which they have been inspired by our past performances, I have no doubt of a lingering fear, doubtless concealed from the world lest the hoped for profits may not result and in consequence the present progress of the commjn>ty suffer a check. It may ease your minds in this respect if I devote a little time to the exposition of the logical foundation of the Sault Ste. Marie undertakings. The first source of employment of labor and employment of capital the world over, in industrial affairs, is raw material in some form; the second is the force necessary to transform the raw material into a condition suflSciently finish- ed for its use by kankind. These are the two foundation stones upon which every industrial edifice has been constructed from the days of Noah's ark to date. From the days of the first baboon down to the time of Carnegie, there has never been an industrial failure where the raw material existed to the best advantage, combined with the forw necessary for its transformation into practical use. If a combination of the cheapest and best raw material and the cheapest and best force 14 r:M X.i- ji- be availabk it is certain that until the world shall have been surfeited with the product ofthat force, there will be no limit to the amount of capital which can be profitably invested in the development of that raw material and that force. While those who originate the development of such conditions will enjoy the first profit, the whole civilized world will participate, since the inevitable result will be a distribution in the world of a necessary material at a lower cost. If similar enterprises and undertakings, conducted in less favored localities suffer fromcompetitionoraloweringof prices and if indeed they be obliged to abandon their undertakings, that will be the inevit- able result of an illogical foundation, and, while some individ- nals may suffer, the great community is benefited. This is a natural law which no human artifice in the world, whether of trusts, oftariffs or of labor unions can overcome. This ic the •ort of reasoning which has led the gentlemen associated with me to plan and carry out on an unprecendented scale the de- velopment of the hydraulic power at Sault Ste. Marie, and the utilization of the raw material adjacent thereto. You will understand our reasoning and the policy when you observe that we are not projecting a cotton mill here in competition with those erected on the cotton plantations of the southern states, nor a sugar factory against those of Cuba or Jamaica; nor a silk mill in competition with those bf Lyons; nor a woolen mill which could be equaled in advantages in a thous- and places over the globe. On the contrary, you will observe that every operation and process has been based first upon the resource of local raw material and secondly on the power originating on the spot. I think I can justly claim that there is no industrial undertaking on the globe where there is a more complete absence of recklessness, and a more complete presence of the soundest and most conservative and logical business reasoning. If you have any lingering doubt left you must be worse than Thomas, and had better move to a community where your doubting disposition will find more consolation. Another evidence of the stability of our undertakings here to which I can point with pride to show the conservatism and il r^l M W .i iq ■'I ■M rn- V V.J IS I i i 1 > t»d. I (i ' iJ ■, i if /^ .•if; w^^l'Si'L'r."^ ^'r^^^ " ^°"^°« with our works M tbe fact that every doUar of thi. va«t expenditure h«« t«en provided directly from the pocket, of the JSSSiSe«^f eJ^rexTtS'^'rh'^r'J^""'*^"^^^*^ compa^rh^' ever Misted. The actual hard cash is and always ha. h««. ?hrh:^a:::fjfVh''''^"' ^^^^ °^*^« «^^^«- ^ •nareholdersofthi. company have not impo.ed on a «mble pubhc a large issue of bonds secured by the mortea«^?^! property sufficient to more than equal aU t^ exS^^dfte!^ ^X^H "'''Vt *"' ^'""^ holdere?uffer a K^if u^:^^ ^o^irai^u^^^^i^r-^^-- thoselegitinSS/lTd^ raw^main^f *^*1*^'^"°^**'°"°^*'»« «»t*T>ri»e is cheap raw material, and ample powjr cheaply developed The ^rce of power is visible to aU. its means of deveTo^^t in« pensive and its location at the throat ofLake SuSSic^t' S?^SuSr';"^""^'^''°"°''^-«'-^"^ andSfs^buS^^ of products. Even were it necessary to assemble distant raw material here for manufacture, the conditions are s^ S^ Iv a^H^: *° ?' ^°'^^ '^" '•^^ "^^^"^^ ^ assemSed so ch^l ty, and nowhere m the world are the transportation ratTST The raw materials in the region tributaiTto ^ ^^t^f of all kmds of wood indigenous to northern forests and ma^ cteanng of the land are not directly of interest ton. a. manufacturers, but their progress and developm^wi^go o" to the great profit of the farmer, because of ^e fact Xt no? for many years win the farming population be ablftoX^ty the consuming population assembled by our factories L*t m^ 1^1?.^. ^^^^'P^^P^^P^I^-^^^O'y- The paper us^ ^alo?'^Y^"!?"^^P'°^"^ fr°« the tree^^,^ part of which IS subjected to the face of a grind stone o^deJ pressure, and a part o, it to the action of sulpWte o?C ^d^ •'I ! i^ rt m^^ r u *l ! the water wheeb for 24 ho^^v'*?^*^ constantly on 1 miU. although iud^^n, J t 2^' P'°^"'* °^ °"^ ^°- develoomentoffW- YT^ °* ^^ P*' "»* »no«- The wood mort d«IrSfc foT'^ '°'",'°" '" **« ""■•M. The th.«ilwayandfj,^''trrive ■ """ ""■"* ""^'^ «"> w.tn«, under «m,t™«i„„ at SaultStT Marie I^rj^ l^dedo produce 600 tonsaday and wto™ ia*^' *°d^ meat, -mil contmoe under construction nntll W. / ■?' ««h» 3 000 ton, a day and it .h^C Wn.e ViS Steel plant in one location in the world largest Iv. iV*-^""!*^** ^^^ °^*'''*^ °'^' after being desulphurized ca« be utihzed at a greater profit if admixed 4th ore of ^'j^!^ and most ofyou will remember that ourseareh fL^^v " ^suited in the discovery of theHelen nSSL"?SeV mi^trc^" :\ I ! I! /■ h\i a \i' T—' L r •ist of the highest grade of iron ore and are located on the mountain tide only 12 mika from a good harbor on Lake Sa« perior, with a down hill haul. Where can iron ore be produced more cheaply and transported to the works with less cost? Eveiy iron master in the United States will answer "nowhere." Was it not sound business to construct a railway to the Helen mine, to provide ships to carry the ore to our works and to erect these works for the combined use of the Helen iron and the Gertrude nickel ores? If any critic be left, his last recourse will be to complain of the lack of fuel. It is true that the hoped-for coal mines have not yet been discovered in Ontario. It is also true that the great ore fleet of Lake Superior, returning light from the coal ports of Lake Erie, bring us back coke and coal at a cost very much lower than that of coke and coal in any other countiy than the United States; and this difference in our cost of coal is a moderate percentage of the total cost of steel or iron. It is, however, true that the use of water power for all power ap- pliances in the steel plant, more than balances the slight addi- tional cost of fuel, so that a mathematical cakulation demon- strates that if the knowledge, skill and capital whkh have resulted in the great iron works of the United States, ate applied at Sault Ste. Marie, there is absolute assurance of equal success. But everybody knows how reluctant we are to become bounden to another country for raw materials, and the sub- stitution of charcoal for coke has occurred to our restless minds. The vast forest areas tributary to the Algoma Central reveal the fact that we have over one million acres of hardwood forests ofthe best quality for charcoal, available to the steel plant by means of our railway; an estimate of skilled engineers, based upon experience in the industry in all parts ofthe world, results in the demonstration that we can make charcoal pig iron as cheaply as coke iron is made in any part of the world. From the days of Titan charcoal iron has always commanded higher prices than coke iron because of its better qualities. Should there be any doubt as to the permanent and successful xS H? S^ \r mm jajrf operation? Twenty.five acre, of land must be cleared Jn.eTtoth^^ut^fi!^'^^'*'-- The'aborersto provide th! roll T^ "^^ farnacea are not those of Pennsylvania- S'i!*?^*^ *'*"»P«rting it will not be traversing JSrstaHf Ohio; Canadian workmen will be felling the trees hurninc; .^ m^Wtrl"^^"*^"**^*--- whifhbriirthis^d tf tt n^ ^i^^^f^^r^' ^"^ "°* *»^» operation seem to be balS npon the rules of common sense? fiSt the priL ^o^« ,!^ w^^S.H .T*'^"**''' ^^'^^^^^'^ constituents of ?S ^n^^Flf^' ^ "*""* *^°"*"^^ t° myself as I summarii the b^ f? ^r^"-^"^^'' °^°"'' P^-^i*^- that they seTm t^Jlve wt^r *?* "°'* miraculous manner Whatever we number over 300 men, combined with the intelliwnt and fnif h fill support of the thousands of men in our eSv and tt' indulgent confidence of our shareholders ^ ^' *^ oi an accountmg office, the second of an engineer's office f^^ ^ofl." TT'^'T' ^^°P ^^^ ''^'^ fourtWa laborato^' Out of the heads sheltered by the roofe of these four iS tructure. what is now viable and being made vlsTble at Saul: ll I i ■ I m m ■?^rjfe^M( /.i ii. «r.. bSt it i. £io„ tl T^ "' compHmenu to my fellow work. «T., out It M becomuig, however, that I shonld mention the «^ir«"-*t^««dby the government, of tS ^y^^ S^airTdt?l^"^r?' ^•-^•' ^o theworVL^U^ to all undertaking, of wmilar character throughout tS ^.T^'oJa^ """*^'°? ^"«" thegovemm^ft^^d iS! anv^h!?^- -i^* ""*?"*^ ™ ^*"*'^» »»d I do not know of rZJ^^^l!^^'^"^ nation. where .imilar condition, exta? ofCanada repre«jnted by the Dominion and ProvincSl eovera trg.";^^TSfo°''i:^'?*? ^''^ °^ unoccnpi^^^CTn cLdtoenirlv ^* "di^-idual. and corporation, in. contaii^^i! • *"*.*° Poi^Mthemnelve. of the robrtance. contamed therem mu.t do »o with governmental concuir^ Pion^rtjr and property continued and tSe' liEan'^^Tclrdrif "^ '"'°"* cometotheconclutiontl...^' V""™"* "»« apparent » lindlongenotwh in C«n.rf. »„ » " ""• ' ""ave now of th. country .ti;?.taS:SLnt°™d''"l am"^"' ^°,?^» diicloMit. Iknowa.^«.«*!I-^V u , "" "°w willing to over if length ^Jb^^aXhtS t "' *^ '"°""*- °^Canada have come Suo^ontrrt JS'tS It. T"^ "^' '" '*' ^'P*^' ' laborer through all tl« t^de. InH^^^r ^°" '*"' "°""°° minister and I can Uy ^T,~ -^u P'°*^?«»°"« *« the prime in the world can b^ tlTai^l^ '"""P''^"* *»>«* "owhere inteUigent or beUer fitted fo^^?; ^T '"^-trious. more those within thTbound^e. of ?an f ""V"^"'^^^ *»»'^° carry off the impression mr^h?^'*"' T»"«»«cnt visitors of Se citizens of tTe^un"^ and ,^^^^"«r«^*i"« with a few good or ill is tak^ for ?^? ?„" Vh^ "P?"!?" °^ •'»<^h visitors judgment I have more c^fid^ J^ i^'^ ®*^*"''- ^y own chances for ^n.^CZT^it:?:^ '^'^^^^^^ they seem to Dossesa flii fiio a^- T: "'^ people are concerned out the world, whU. the p^SS^^S. rf tT"" '^°"«'- »i> reflections upon this suhi f opportunities for the employment of both labor and capit^, and they are commencing to bestir themselves to par- ticipate m the enjoyment of them. The consequences to foUow from this invasion of Canada by American capitalists are beneficient from both the American and Canadi^ii points of Xh.!TM^ ^f industrially the two countrie? and the inhabitants thereof are coming to have interests in common. The Americans on the lake frontier from Buffalo to Duluth are M mm^m mmm mm wmm f) 1 \'. •-^— — ,. — ^* , J frf commencing to realize that there Iks to the north of them an untouched region with n^ourtea as vast as its area to wW^J they should be among the first to havTa^s^^hriT; larJ^S ttnvmg country along the northern froX wuT aSb^thTm better opportunities and more profit from the inSn«Tf tmde and commere^ than would a neglected and uno^u^^^ mat couree shall be followed to compel the most sneedv t'^^thTir^^'^r^'^P"^"* ^^ P°P"^-«- of this vast ^^ SLi T ^'^^- '*'"'*^°* ^°"«^« of the government Canada. I mamtam that the immigration prcrfectrof the Dominion and Provincial have been worse th^ uSesa tW have simply wasted the people's money iTbSi^gTaboi«^^^ amarketalreadygluttedwithlabore™. LeuS^oltSm^^ by judicious general laws and bv SDecial ««•««*- ^ 1^1?' e^w^r "^"t' T^' **- capLr ::id'Thfmi^treTt: establish works for the utilization of these CanaSTaw r^^^-*"^*'''"i?'^.^* ^^^^ established an T^cyZ immigration more eflicacious than a legion of lecturers a^d I mdhonmaps. &veral proofs of my contention^"^ow ?^fore the pubhc eye. The province of Ontario some tim7 ag^offeS a bonus of $1.00 per ton on pig iron made 4 the pro^^ from Ontario ores. The HamUton furnace immediate^TuTt^ the Deseronto furnace foUowed; the Midland fiimaceTi Sst struction. All of these furnaces were partly induced by the bounty so that while the first one enjoyed it for a time the ^uJ^oXt":^ '' *" '' ""^ ^' toi. ^heslight stTm;,^^ thus aflForded by the provmce at a total outlay of onlv «12S 000 has excited the investment of over $2 OoS,oSS in bl^'t" furnaces, employing in a new industry at S\Z^ tTl t"oTanidiS?S;''"'' T'^r^^-^aUyZidTsTtr^" to Canadian ships and railways. A second instance i»^l greatworks of the Dominion Iron & Steel comp^^rSySne^ mduced by the Dominion bounty on steel. Jw^k in oJ' tewa a member of the government asked me ho J^Tould t^J finance mmister meet the enormous subsidy to L pad the \/ \ ; V ''V I iv, ^11 :■ I Hi 1(511 ft !!• I I III ir II '/ I Sydney and other Canadian steel works. I answered that during the subsidy period it would be impossible to produce iron in all the works proposed in Cfmada to require the pay- ment of $10,000,000; that the works to earn this subsidy would require an expenditure of over $30,000,000 in construe- tion and plant, an expenditure of over $50,000,000 in labor and materials while earning the subsidy, and would employ from mines to mill 50,000 people at high class wages. At the end of the subsidy period these works will have been founded on a basis which will ensure their continuous operation in com- petition with the world. Is there a day laborer or a million- aire in Canada who does not call this bonus a good investment of the people's money? The latest instance is that of the land grant to the Algoma Central railway. This measure, when it became a law in the provincial parUament, seemed to have the popular approval of the citizens of the province, although the opposition felt it to be good political policy with them to express its disapproval in parliament. I believe, however, that those citizens of the province opposed in politics to the policy of the government, who have had an opportunity to observe the results following this legislation, will now declare it to have been a wise measure and one which, judged from its results, cannot be successfully opposed by any political party. It is my belief that the benefits gained to the people of the province are so great and so wide- spread from this act of legislation as to establish in the minds of thoughtful electors the wisdom of continuing the policy inaugurated in the Algoma Central lauu grant. The region traversed by the Algoma Central railway was unknown and inaccessible except to the woodsman inured to Indian hard- ships. In consideration of the opening up of this region for settlement by the construction of the Algoma Central railway, the government has donated to that company a large area along its line. With the expectation of securing a profit from the forests growing on these lands and from the products of th" soil after cutting oflF the forests, the construction of the Algoma Central has been undertaken. At present 12 miles of ■W" RpaM t-!%S. fVrmr w^ . — L„.:.ri i . ..:^^^i±_ ... i thw railway have been completed and are in operation between Michipicoten Harbor and the Helen mine. Forty miles to a connection with the Canadian Pacific are under construction. Twenty.five miles of the main line from Sault Ste. Marie north- west are in operation, and 50 miles are partly completed. The total expenditures on account of this construction have already exceeded three millions of dollars and the sum necessary to complete the road will probably exceed five millions of dollars. This u . estment of eight milUons of dollars involves an annual interest charge of about five hundred thousand dollars, and this amount of net profit annually must be derived from the lands granted by the government, since no other business for the traffic of the road now exists in the region. To caus^ the land grant to realize this profit the railway company must people the land and establish various manufactories for the use of forest products, build furnaces and reduction works to utilize the ores and establish thousands of farmers to till the soil. All of these undertakings must be originated by the railway com- pany to secure the necessary income. To do this will require additional investments of large sums and untiring energy in inducing people to come to this raw country as permanent set- tlers. I estimate that it wiU take the labors of 25,000 people contributing solely to the traffic of the Algoma Central rail- way to earn interest on the cost of its construction. Twenty- five thousand laborers will support a population of 100,000 and when these ?5,000 laborers have become scattered in dif' ferent industries between Sault Ste. Marie and the northern Hmitofthe Algoma Central, the very eflPotts of this large pop- ulation, installed at the private expense ef the railway com- pany, wiU have made the lands of the government equal in value to those of the railway company and will thus make valuable an asset of the people otherwise worthless. Who will say this is not the wisest course for the government to pursue in seeking to accomplish the population of the country and the development of its resources? I believe that no party can re- main in power and that no party can take power who will oppose measures so plainly in the pubUc interest. Ask the •T ,'1 I »1 1 I •> 1 ■•■.*• !; • H yll 'Vr-'-' — -— — li\ ^' '■'i-^^ Vi .f 1 -|r- jirtiaii iH laborers of Sydney, and of the hundred different manufacturers in Canada who have contributed materials to the Sydney works, if they disapprove of the steel bounty. Ask the ques- tion in Hamilton, in Midland, in Sanlt Ste. Marie, and you will have but one answer— the measure was wise and is reaping more than the expected benefits. But the policy of land grants to railways is vastly more far-reaching than the promotion of a single interest, and a land grant is of vastly greater benefit to the country, and ultimately better for the railway company, than a cash subsidy. What is populating the prairie and western country of Canada? The efforts of the immigration department of the Canadian Pacific railway to induce immigration to the lands owned by that railway. Why is that part of the Canadian Pacific railway be- tween Sudbury and Port Arthur practically without an inhabitant? Becauseforthat part of the railway only a cash subsidy was taken, and there the Canadian Pacific railway has no direct interest in populating the land. Everybody now admits that the wisest legislation ever enacted by Canada was when she resolved to make a success of the Canadian Pacific railway by public aid, but with that accomplishment the people have seemed to feel that enough had been done. Not so. If half a dozen railways between the lakes and Hudson Bay can be built, on land grants, I advocate granting the land. If a dozen railways can be built from the Atlantic to the Pacific over Canadian territory on land grants, I say, give them the land. By no other course will Canada so soon feel the stirring of its pulse with the fresh vigorous life blood of new people. It is human nature to envy success, and there are among every people those who think they see in every energetic movement the evidence of unfair profit. I am impressed of this fact by the editorial comment in the recent issue of a Toronto paper re- specting the Algoma Central land grant. It was to the effect that recent mention of our undertakings here in the public press indicated to the editor that we were preparing a fresh cam- paign against the citadel at Toronto and the writer went on to say that while we certainly had done much for Canada, ■w^ NP^ '^irif p -.i^JiJ...... 1 Canada had also done more than enough by us, and the par- r*Sr •!?». "^ *° *° °" «"*"* ** °°«= and surround Itself with the protective defense of cold-blooded business I do not have any right to object to any comments of the pirss upon our operations in Canada if their observations are based Se^n^- "T^*^^ °^ P"' ^'■^-a^^tions. Every man is entitled to his independent judgment. But I do make this rr.l T ^'^""*° °^'^' P"^" °^0"*a"° ^d of Canada that they should not pass a final judgment upon our proiects or our theories, based upon no farthefinformation than C itationsm their sanctuary. I invite them to come to Sault ^J^aneand observe the actual conditions attending our ^orts at opening this new country and I shall then be content with their verdict, and be satisfied to meet their support or opposition at Toronto. For I am goingto Toronto again and I am gomg to Ottawa again, and I expect to spend I part of every wmterat those favorite winter res^, for many ^nte^ lo WT-.iTi'? I n^K^ ' an» not wanted there I wiU^ to go, but I tlunk I shall be met with cordiaKty and sympathy by every member of parUament, whatever his poUtS pr^H^! tion, who has actual knowledge of the good that is r^sulti^ to Canada from the eflForts I am exerting here "s^'nng Ut me summarize the conditions which the captious critic woulddiscover here. He would find in the different Hn^ of mdustry wehad expended here in the neighborhood of ni^e mdhonsofdollars cash, aU of which has 4n foreign monTy iniected mto the circulating medium of Canada, to remaSTo^ lZt.U ^^^'\n*"^« We^i"« of thousands of its inhabitant; that the competion and successfiil operation of our under takmgwiU require the expenditure of a sum nearly as larL- that several thousands ofinhabitants had found new empwl mentm these undertakings at a higher scale of wages than had T.^'^^^P'^r^'l^"^^^^*' *^^* *^« passenger eamWs of the little Canadian Pacific station at Sault Ste S which were $15,000 in the year 1895 had grown to $61 W)0 5 the year 1900; that the freight earnings of the sarJ; H^tk station had grown from $25,000 in 1895 to $142,000 in 1900; h fTW- i > 3 m vJ I Jj |:i ii 1^ if J! Jii M limu^:Wii^ M 4 -* l' If that all the Canadian steamship linea operating to SauItSte. Marie had to put on additional steamers and they were still unable to carry all the freight we required; that our works sent over $300,000 in cash to Georgian Bay ports last year for pur- chases; that we sent nearly as much to Hamilton, and nearly as much to Toronto; that the machinery and electrical supplies that we have purchased from Peterborough have amounted to over $100,000; that Brant- ford, Gait, Dundas and every other Ontario town engaged in mechanical manufactures had received from twenty-five thous- and to two hundred thousand dollars of patronage ftx>m us; that our requirements had advanced the price of horses and nearly all the farm products in that part of Ontario tributary to Sault Ste. Marie. In fact for the year 1900 we expended in farm products and manufactured n^terials more than one million of dollars in the province of Ontario alone, besides a very large sum in the province of Quebec. By looking over our estimates for the year 1901 he would see that our requirements of a similar character from southern Ontario will amount to more than two millions of dollars and that additional steam- ship lines are being inaugurated from Georgian Bay and Lake Huron points to Sault Ste. Marie on the opening of navigation. That the railways entering the American Soo have announced additional passenger train service to bring impatient travelers to Sault Ste. Marie, and that the Canadian Pacific railway is putting on an additional passenger service to Sault Ste. Marie for the same purpose. Looking over our office staff he would find scientific and classical graduates from every college in Canada, clerks from nearly every bank in Canada and accountants from almost every city in Ontario. Among the artisans, mechanics and laborers he will find nearly every town and city in Ontario represented, and all of these people have assembled here because they found the rewards of labor greater here than elsewhere. With this information acquired, the critic will naturally ask, "What great compensation has induced this astonishing display of effort and energy?" An investigation of our accounts will show that these expenditures commencing 30 wmmmmmmi .■ ( mm Ml i_l I _ tix yeart ago, had yielded no returns at all for the first three yean; that the works then commenced to get into full operat- ting condition and from that time onward there has been a satisfactory progress in the earning capacity of our various establishments as they have gradually come into operating conditions. The advantages of raw materials which we shall eiyoy by means of the Algoma Central land grant will beyond doubt yield a latge income on all the very great investments nee- essary for its utilization; but this recompense can only be en- joyed in the fruition of time.and undertakings of the magnitude of ours should not be entered into by those who cannot "Learn to labor and to wait." The enthusiasm to commence them and the courage to complete them can all be had when sustained by the good will and the cordial svmpathy of the people and the public men of Canada, but an ambition which will conceive such things will be quickly dulled and a courage which will cany them out will be quickly chilled, if, as soon as an energetic action gives evidence of the serious intention of carrying the project through,political interests makes them the object of attack. But I am full of confidence and just such genuine and cor- dial applause as you give me here I hope to deserve of all Can- adians for many a year to come. Your superb token of regard which you have bestowed upon me will ever be treasured with affectionate remembrance of this occasion. It is in a dovMe sense timely, since my poor, old broken-down ticker became exhausted in attempting to mark time for me in Paris and at la t gave out in the significant city of Geneva a month ago. As it happened on a Sunday, however, I had no opportunity to replace it. I thank you all, and say good night. ! 'V rn I ■.M\ ~w^- ■ ( ^ir • '■ >L n