.a5- IMAG^ EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^^ ^• {./ ^-M i^ 4i^ 4^0 1.0 1.1 Ik Ui IK u 1^ m^ 12.0 1.8 ■ 02 14.0 1-25 lllllu I 1.6 150mm p> <Pj > *; 4W %^^ >1PPLIED ^ IN/MGE . Inc ..as 1653 East Main Street .^g ^ Rochester, NY 14609 USA _^=r^ Phone; 716/482-0300 •I^J^S Fax: 716/288-5989 e 1993. Applwd Image. Inc.. All Rights Reserved ^ |\ ^ ^ <i^ ^l*"^^ ^4^ ^^-."4^ CIHM Microfiche Series (Monograpiis) iCIMH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Instituta for Historrcal Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductions hiatoriquaa TtchniMl and Bibliograplitc NoMi / Nottt Mehniqun et bibliographiquM Th to Tht Inititutt hat attamptad to obtain tha ba«t original copy availabia for f Iming. Faatura* of this copy which may ba bibliographisally uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagai in tlia raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha uiual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. Colourad covari/ Couvartura da coulaur Covart damagad/ Couvartura andommagto Covars rattorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raitauria at/ou palliculta □ Covar titia missing/ La D D D D D n titra da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Caitas gtegraphiquas an coulaur Colourad ink (i.«. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da couSaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) Colourad platas and/or illustrations/ Planchas ct/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Ralii avac d'autras documents Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La raliura Mtri* paut causar da I'ombre ou de la distorsion la long da la marga intiriaure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches aiouttes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas et* filmtes. Additional comments;/ Commentaires supplementaires: L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a itt possible de S4f procurer. Les details da cat exemplaire qui sont peut4tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier unt image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode normale da f ilmage sont ir::;iqufc ci-dassous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagias □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicultes □ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dteolor^, tachaties ou piquaes □ Pages detached/ Pages ditachAas QShowthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualite in^le de I'impression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagmation continue □ Includes index (es)/ Comprsnd un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'en-tite provient: Th( poi of filr Ori b«| tha sio oth firs sioi ori The sha TIN whi Mm diff enti beg righ reqi met □ Title page of issue Page de titre de la I J Caption of issue/ n livraison Titre de depart de la livraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 12X 16X 20X 22X J 26 X 30X 24X 28X 32 X The copy filmed h«r« hat bon reproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library Agrieulturfl Canada Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacifications. Original copias In printad papar covars ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and ending on the last page with a printad or illustroted Impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ► (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure ara filmad beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaira film* fut rcproduit grice k la g«n«rositi da: BiMioth^ut Agriculture Canada Los images suivantes ont «ti raproduites avac la plus grand soin, compta tenu da la condition at de le nettet« de l'exemplaira film*, at en conformity avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Les exemplaires orlginaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimie sont filmte en commenpant par le premier plat at en terminant soit par la derniira page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustratlon, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres axsmplairas orlginaux sont film«s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustratlon at en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboles suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs h des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grsnd pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich«, il est film* A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche ii droite, et de haut en bas, en pranant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la mAthode. 22X 1 2 3 4 5 6 BULLETIN lOa. ^^^^ ^^^^ Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm TUB SAN JOSn SCALE. (AspidhthiH peiDichtsuM), Bv .1. H. I'ank.n, I KOKKSSOK uy |{U,M..;V, OntaH.O A.MUcr,.T. U.U. C.W.LK.iK. PUBLISHES) BY THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AQRIOULTURE. TORONTO. m WARWICK' BRO'S & RUTTER, Pa.T'''' NTKRS AND B00KBIN»«B», FrO.NT «T WksT 1897. 9^1 THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AVO EXPERIMENTAL FARM, GUELPH, ONT. HON. JOHN DRYDBN, Toronto, Ont Minister of Afirrioulture for Ontario. James Mills, M. A., LL.IJ J. H. Pantom, M.A., F.(t.S. ' v, t \ i^r " . ' " ^''esident. A. E. ShuttJworth. B.A. i, 1*'"'*-" "^ Natural HUtory and Geology. J. H. Reii), V.8. ■ • • P'^'essor of Ch|mi8try. H. H. Dean, B.y.A." "' '^'"'^'""•f '^ Veterinary ScienM. Wu. Rennie I'^^faM"- of Dairy Husbandry. C. A. Zavitz, B.S.A. . . J"""™ Superintendent. G. E. Dat, B.S.A. Experimentallat. H. L. HcTT, B.S.A. AgricuIturiBt. F. 0. Harrison, B.S. A. Hortioulturiat. J. B. RETNOLna, B.A... / " . "• Bac^eriologirt. J. F. Claek, B.S.A " !*""'•«"> EnKlish and Physic, R. Ha RoooHT, B.S.A. .. Rewdent Master. L. G. Jarvis .. .. \r.„.„ll at " ■ '^""'•n* Chemiat. R.F. HOLTERMANK.. ^*'""'K«'' *°d Lecturer ,n Poultry Department. Captain Walter Claree t ." ^*'"*' «>» Apiculture. W. O. .Stewart, M.U. ..'" ..*' ..'" ..'" " '°''''"'=*°' "> »'«» "d Gymnastioi. Q. A. Putnam "..".. Physician. A. MoCallcm \ * Stenojfrapher. Bursar. ADVlaORY BOARD. John I. Hobson, Ckairtnan r „„i„k r. . John McMillan, M. P. . Ouejpb County of Wellington. Edward Jeffs . . „ »e»f 3rth, County of Huron. J. 8. Smith .. ,, B«»d Head, County of Simcoe. G. B. BoTOE .. ,**»P'«^»e. County of Midaiesex. D, A.DowuNa . ^'0'«""n. County of Northualxirland. Wm. Donaldson .. Appteton, County of Carlet#n. ^P"'y Minister of Agriculture, Toront*. The the most as early four yeai and a we tion neec the Agrii United S our Prov 1. II has winte have com 000,000. giving bin young wh insects d\ generatior of several 2. In 3. Tl attacked : pear, plum hawthorn 4. Th the same sixteenth < 5. It BULLETIN io6. San Josl? Scale. (A»in(liotu8 pcrnicioma.) United State" NoTnsectTB mor« X,?;^ ^""^ experiment stations in the our Province ihafthis San J^rScJe ' """" ''° ^-it-growing interests of Wiir THE Insect Causes Alarm. h.ve computed tt« Lrp^Z/S^*"' °h Si'T '?>.': ''°8l\««"-' i «'«■<' rton nnn Tk«~. ~. u /"^t**'"y ™*y 'e»cn the incredible number of 3 000 Kbirth^toTivrg^t ?J^^^^^^ •" * rr- ^'^'^ ^-^^^^ 'e-'es of'eaSi young when aboit thirty days old Earf«Tf"'K*^" P''?*'^^ °' *^««« »'«»"'»8 insecfs during her li e fme Thus if ^11 h? 1 "fu^V"'" ""'«°°« l^O-^OO generations will soon S ks th.r« mL ^'^ f'**' *" «'«*^ confusion of It several generatbns * ™*^ '" "P^'^ «* P'**"* ** "'^^ ««"« the young 2. Infested young trefs perish in two or three years attacL?L3:rm'/;:fgttru^^^^^^^^^^ *". P"*f ^^'•^^ '»-' -X »- the L?'c jrt "?heTall Tf r,^««?^;°«X°l>°«t«- The scale is often much ..eenthof an inrh ^^:! ^ ^^^T^J:^ .^^^^ ^^^ 5. It is readily introduced by nursery stock and fruit from infested trees. i 's? 1 Its PRB8BNT DiSTniBUTION. Florid.; oX'.t,utra*^vL "fj .^-"^ ^<-^^ '» AUba... Mainland, New 'Ck? OhV5«';''i^^^^^^ Ma^wchusett. reported in British Oo umbU aS^ow Sortl.^ i "^'?"'* ' ^° ^^»* '' '^w to announce it .a present in sJuthe™ OnLi« a^ '" ''""* °^ ^^^^ ''^ »»*ve to have been foun/laet wilr n^i'Safham * ^"^ 'P*'"*"^"" "' ''^^ Whbn and Whencb it Oamb. originXzr cXor. "^hrrw^rnors •°^^'^'«*''°° "• ^^^^ ^' -- Valley as f*r back as 1873 In fsSO Prof n "** *t ^^"^^ *'* '^^ ^an Jos.? It 1. believed to have been introduced inrtheE«i?inlT«fi%K*?''';r * "°*'«' nursenes, one at Burlineton the oth«r I> t f**f o f ^^^'1 ^^ *^° ^^^ Jersey from the San Jos.^ ValCa variett of W * ®'^"'* Jhese firms imported claimed to be curculio pi^f. TlSSO or^S t?« "2' ^ ^'^-^y- ''^"^'^'^ importation beijan to be dintr h.,!^ i ° J " **'® *^"* "^^^y "tocK from this wa? first observ'ed^on JEe'^slt^n'^d::? SellTkv M T- '"^^ ?*° '^' «-'" in an orchard of Charlottesville Viwinia a^^^ .M°»^t»'n>- It was located extended the list of infeiteddScts * • ""'' ''^'^ «*«*» '«*"<>'» »>"« How IT MAY BK DiSTRIBUTBD. l»lpU»tr^rolX°tX°'T,iJe't{'.rj' " "»"""•.••"« quit. • few hours, at most a dav or twT" t/ *?'*''® movement is very brief— pl.ce. thensetUri^<:^2cove^w[th?sri/;'^.- ^7 ««hes 'rom its birth- mains fixed for 1 fe and b^^n. «.Ii • ®' *"'' "" '^® «»"« o"»>o female, re- becoming fixed, it l^ei"by ^fkin/S^ «7yr°«/\'*^"' '^'^^ •^•y-- After The malls have wingT aS may flJ I W L I .' PJ*'^* "P0° which it is located, wingless. Daring ife foj K « dlvs th^*H "*^'- ^"* '^' '«"**'«■ *'« '^''•y* j;ay getuponbird;.suchini:ras;ntTndsm^^^^^ "'T*' ^'''^ to other trees. One observer has noti!,!^ ♦!. * • "^V ' . ^^ **»®°' ^e carried often more common n^a7iJd's"er^a t,^ "'^''''^ ^"'"''^' *^« ««•!« " they present favorable condlSLTbebg SSsSl'" pZ? f" °.'T **^r*^«'' may have the scale upon it • even wind mil f-V -^ ^?"* infested trees that appear at first Z comnarotiveW ?2?^ T!* '"^ fPJ^«»di°K these insects Thus bi^s, insects, A tffiSnf^filT '°*T'' 5^ **>«'^ ^'^'^ efforts, all be important facers i^hrdirbuUrn^V^^ '^^' '""^ -"^ -^^ The LiFK Histobv of the Insect. moHt a day or two, then settle but a few inches from their birthplace and becomeattached to the .pot from which the female, never move. DuCg thSr rdXonS?!^ TK °''''^•*'**J^^8'•/•*''" (antenna) eye. and wings in the ^d ma.S Jf i^u" '"T f '"'^^'''^ *° one-twentieth of an inch in diameter. ?he b^rJ .h ^•*^' °' '^fu''' «™y •'°^°'"' •^'^^ """^"y » "»'<'»» the same color a Th«i!?«U 55 "P.P'^'V''^ ''°*'^ "»y *^ * l'»^« y^^o'' or blackish color The scale cf the maleis oblong, with the nipple near one end, and is thu. r^Uy dist.ngui.hed from that o the female. The female brings forth living X«f dulif1.r7^'"t^'".u®*''"?*y^"'^8 into existence from 100 to 500 yJung during the six weeks of her existence after reaching the adult stage ^h^J^^ males develop about a week sooner than females, the latter takins t^^ Jt^r'"'' ?•* emerge from their scales as exceedingly mbute two* .rn«:?geJl'Sor?.^o Jr '""^' -'-'^ ^'^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ •^ -^-^ — soon IJiL'SiV ^^^'^j'"^^ '» formed from a waxy secretion which commence, .oon after they come into existence, and form, a protective covering as devS SrvKlTow Jo". '^T''7 ?f»8e.°'«~"'»»'^««-'« presen^'a somewhat grayisb-yellow color, and gradually become, darker. The general appearance upon affected twigs i^ that of a craviah slichtlv Zii^iy.'"'''^^'^''^ I^'^'^'' thenatu^l reddish colofTthettng with ashes. If the scale, are crushed, a yellowish oily liquid will awj Ir from the crushed soft yellow insects beieath the .cales.^ Examined n sum dS bZL^"r ^r rT'°^°''^.'"""''°°'^y-"»»i'« youn, scales, mingli wiSi old bromior blackened matured scales. This insect produces a peculUr red- dening eff«st upon the skin of the fruit and of tender twigs ArencircSL S^;::^S:^urnt"'"'^ rr'^ *t? '""«•" °^ -«^ ffmale scari v^y* marked on the fruit of pears. The cambium layer of young twijrs where scales are massed ,s usually stained deep red or purplish Where the^cTles^i few the purplish nng surrounding each is quite distinguishable. Kbmedies. whalJonZn*!'"" ^"""i ^^' '""'^r P'"'"'^* ^^'^ ^^'•'"^ = ^'"•'•''"^^ ^<^f^es, such as whale oil soap ; penetrating substances, such as gases or kerosene emulsion and tlJe'you^g""*""'^*'""''''^'^ ''"^^^ '"^^ ««*'«-- *° P-venrthe e^'pe of itis oilvIIlLtSlKf hydrocyanic acid or the gas treatment is very eff-ectual, but itS^k ^ 'Z tn •" "^'^lu r.'»' especially in the treatment of imported nui^e^ r StaS::&:'^r--n^^ -^ -^^ -u rac„ a nttle leos rhan six feet iong, live feet wide, four feet 6 2. One of the moat effectual remedies, and one readilv aoDlied i« tt,o „« «# •pplictioDa o( Z .il^ter™ ; "f J!! 1™ I'll r.'" """"f- ■""" "" 'o"' tion. i. decidedl/lhe mort .uooMfal treatmmt witb Wrong „|„. Sdogestions. in inf«.^"d"i^o,r'""^ """'^ """ *■"' '-^ "' "'»■" •'™8'" '">■" ■"""*. 2. Jf only a few trees are infested destroy them 5. Examine frait from infested localities. 1 Agrio NiNga: Appearai X nil mon tiollmt cut taken from Bulletin 3, U. 8. Dtpurtmeiit .-of *''-'"T„v^z'i-iuv^-^rc73T^^^^^^^^ yi iU Newspapers receiving this Bulletin will please notice it in their columns, calling attention to the presence of a new enemy to fruit ^rowmg, and advising all interested to apply to the Department of Agnculture at Toronto for a copy of the Bulletin. iie*