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BULLETIN lOa. ^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm 
 
 TUB SAN JOSn SCALE. 
 
 (AspidhthiH peiDichtsuM), 
 
 Bv .1. H. I'ank.n, 
 
 I KOKKSSOK uy |{U,M..;V, OntaH.O A.MUcr,.T. U.U. C.W.LK.iK. 
 
 PUBLISHES) BY 
 THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AQRIOULTURE. TORONTO. 
 
 m 
 
 WARWICK' BRO'S & RUTTER, Pa.T'''' 
 
 NTKRS AND B00KBIN»«B», FrO.NT «T WksT 
 
 1897. 
 
 9^1 
 
THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 
 
 AVO 
 
 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, GUELPH, ONT. 
 
 HON. JOHN DRYDBN, Toronto, Ont 
 
 Minister of Afirrioulture for Ontario. 
 
 James Mills, M. A., LL.IJ 
 
 J. H. Pantom, M.A., F.(t.S. ' v, t \ i^r " . ' " ^''esident. 
 
 A. E. ShuttJworth. B.A. i, 1*'"'*-" "^ Natural HUtory and Geology. 
 
 J. H. Reii), V.8. ■ • • P'^'essor of Ch|mi8try. 
 
 H. H. Dean, B.y.A." "' '^'"'^'""•f '^ Veterinary ScienM. 
 
 Wu. Rennie I'^^faM"- of Dairy Husbandry. 
 
 C. A. Zavitz, B.S.A. . . J"""™ Superintendent. 
 
 G. E. Dat, B.S.A. Experimentallat. 
 
 H. L. HcTT, B.S.A. AgricuIturiBt. 
 
 F. 0. Harrison, B.S. A. Hortioulturiat. 
 
 J. B. RETNOLna, B.A... / " . "• Bac^eriologirt. 
 
 J. F. Claek, B.S.A " !*""'•«"> EnKlish and Physic, 
 
 R. Ha RoooHT, B.S.A. .. Rewdent Master. 
 
 L. G. Jarvis .. .. \r.„.„ll at " ■ '^""'•n* Chemiat. 
 
 R.F. HOLTERMANK.. ^*'""'K«'' *°d Lecturer ,n Poultry Department. 
 
 Captain Walter Claree t ." ^*'"*' «>» Apiculture. 
 
 W. O. .Stewart, M.U. ..'" ..*' ..'" ..'" " '°''''"'=*°' "> »'«» "d Gymnastioi. 
 
 Q. A. Putnam "..".. Physician. 
 
 A. MoCallcm \ * Stenojfrapher. 
 
 Bursar. 
 
 ADVlaORY BOARD. 
 
 John I. Hobson, Ckairtnan r „„i„k r. . 
 
 John McMillan, M. P. . Ouejpb County of Wellington. 
 
 Edward Jeffs . . „ »e»f 3rth, County of Huron. 
 
 J. 8. Smith .. ,, B«»d Head, County of Simcoe. 
 
 G. B. BoTOE .. ,**»P'«^»e. County of Midaiesex. 
 
 D, A.DowuNa . ^'0'«""n. County of Northualxirland. 
 
 Wm. Donaldson .. Appteton, County of Carlet#n. 
 
 ^P"'y Minister of Agriculture, Toront*. 
 
 The 
 the most 
 as early 
 four yeai 
 and a we 
 tion neec 
 the Agrii 
 United S 
 our Prov 
 
 1. II 
 has winte 
 have com 
 000,000. 
 giving bin 
 young wh 
 insects d\ 
 generatior 
 of several 
 
 2. In 
 
 3. Tl 
 attacked : 
 pear, plum 
 hawthorn 
 
 4. Th 
 the same 
 sixteenth < 
 
 5. It 
 
BULLETIN io6. 
 
 San Josl? Scale. 
 
 (A»in(liotu8 pcrnicioma.) 
 
 United State" NoTnsectTB mor« X,?;^ ^""^ experiment stations in the 
 
 our Province ihafthis San J^rScJe ' """" ''° ^-it-growing interests of 
 
 Wiir THE Insect Causes Alarm. 
 
 h.ve computed tt« Lrp^Z/S^*"' °h Si'T '?>.': ''°8l\««"-' i «'«■<' 
 rton nnn Tk«~. ~. u /"^t**'"y ™*y 'e»cn the incredible number of 3 000 
 
 Kbirth^toTivrg^t ?J^^^^^^ •" * rr- ^'^'^ ^-^^^^ 'e-'es of'eaSi 
 young when aboit thirty days old Earf«Tf"'K*^" P''?*'^^ °' *^««« »'«»"'»8 
 insecfs during her li e fme Thus if ^11 h? 1 "fu^V"'" ""'«°°« l^O-^OO 
 generations will soon S ks th.r« mL ^'^ f'**' *" «'«*^ confusion of 
 
 It several generatbns * ™*^ '" "P^'^ «* P'**"* ** "'^^ ««"« the young 
 
 2. Infested young trefs perish in two or three years 
 attacL?L3:rm'/;:fgttru^^^^^^^^^^ *". P"*f ^^'•^^ '»-' -X »- 
 
 the L?'c jrt "?heTall Tf r,^««?^;°«X°l>°«t«- The scale is often much 
 ..eenthof an inrh ^^:! ^ ^^^T^J:^ .^^^^ ^^^ 
 5. It is readily introduced by nursery stock and fruit from infested trees. 
 
 i 
 
 's? 
 
 1 
 
Its PRB8BNT DiSTniBUTION. 
 
 Florid.; oX'.t,utra*^vL "fj .^-"^ ^<-^^ '» AUba... 
 
 Mainland, New 'Ck? OhV5«';''i^^^^^^ Ma^wchusett. 
 
 reported in British Oo umbU aS^ow Sortl.^ i "^'?"'* ' ^° ^^»* '' '^w 
 to announce it .a present in sJuthe™ OnLi« a^ '" ''""* °^ ^^^^ ''^ »»*ve 
 to have been foun/laet wilr n^i'Safham * ^"^ 'P*'"*"^"" "' ''^^ 
 
 Whbn and Whencb it Oamb. 
 
 originXzr cXor. "^hrrw^rnors •°^^'^'«*''°° "• ^^^^ ^' -- 
 
 Valley as f*r back as 1873 In fsSO Prof n "** *t ^^"^^ *'* '^^ ^an Jos.? 
 
 It 1. believed to have been introduced inrtheE«i?inlT«fi%K*?''';r * "°*'«' 
 nursenes, one at Burlineton the oth«r I> t f**f o f ^^^'1 ^^ *^° ^^^ Jersey 
 from the San Jos.^ ValCa variett of W * ®'^"'* Jhese firms imported 
 claimed to be curculio pi^f. TlSSO or^S t?« "2' ^ ^'^-^y- ''^"^'^'^ 
 importation beijan to be dintr h.,!^ i ° J " **'® *^"* "^^^y "tocK from this 
 wa? first observ'ed^on JEe'^slt^n'^d::? SellTkv M T- '"^^ ?*° '^' «-'" 
 in an orchard of Charlottesville Viwinia a^^^ .M°»^t»'n>- It was located 
 extended the list of infeiteddScts * • ""'' ''^'^ «*«*» '«*"<>'» »>"« 
 
 How IT MAY BK DiSTRIBUTBD. 
 
 l»lpU»tr^rolX°tX°'T,iJe't{'.rj' " "»"""•.••"« quit. 
 • few hours, at most a dav or twT" t/ *?'*''® movement is very brief— 
 
 pl.ce. thensetUri^<:^2cove^w[th?sri/;'^.- ^7 ««hes 'rom its birth- 
 mains fixed for 1 fe and b^^n. «.Ii • ®' *"'' "" '^® «»"« o"»>o female, re- 
 becoming fixed, it l^ei"by ^fkin/S^ «7yr°«/\'*^"' '^'^^ •^•y-- After 
 The malls have wingT aS may flJ I W L I .' PJ*'^* "P0° which it is located, 
 wingless. Daring ife foj K « dlvs th^*H "*^'- ^"* '^' '«"**'«■ *'« '^''•y* 
 j;ay getuponbird;.suchini:ras;ntTndsm^^^^^ "'T*' ^'''^ 
 
 to other trees. One observer has noti!,!^ ♦!. * • "^V ' . ^^ **»®°' ^e carried 
 
 often more common n^a7iJd's"er^a t,^ "'^''''^ ^"'"''^' *^« ««•!« " 
 they present favorable condlSLTbebg SSsSl'" pZ? f" °.'T **^r*^«'' 
 may have the scale upon it • even wind mil f-V -^ ^?"* infested trees 
 that appear at first Z comnarotiveW ?2?^ T!* '"^ fPJ^«»di°K these insects 
 Thus bi^s, insects, A tffiSnf^filT '°*T'' 5^ **>«'^ ^'^'^ efforts, 
 all be important facers i^hrdirbuUrn^V^^ '^^' '""^ -"^ -^^ 
 
 The LiFK Histobv of the Insect. 
 

 moHt a day or two, then settle but a few inches from their birthplace and 
 becomeattached to the .pot from which the female, never move. DuCg thSr 
 
 rdXonS?!^ TK °''''^•*'**J^^8'•/•*''" (antenna) eye. and wings in the 
 
 ^d ma.S Jf i^u" '"T f '"'^^'''^ *° one-twentieth of an inch in diameter. 
 ?he b^rJ .h ^•*^' °' '^fu''' «™y •'°^°'"' •^'^^ """^"y » "»'<'»» the same color a 
 Th«i!?«U 55 "P.P'^'V''^ ''°*'^ "»y *^ * l'»^« y^^o'' or blackish color 
 The scale cf the maleis oblong, with the nipple near one end, and is thu. r^Uy 
 dist.ngui.hed from that o the female. The female brings forth living X«f 
 
 dulif1.r7^'"t^'".u®*''"?*y^"'^8 into existence from 100 to 500 yJung 
 during the six weeks of her existence after reaching the adult stage 
 
 ^h^J^^ males develop about a week sooner than females, the latter takins 
 t^^ Jt^r'"'' ?•* emerge from their scales as exceedingly mbute two* 
 
 .rn«:?geJl'Sor?.^o Jr '""^' -'-'^ ^'^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ •^ -^-^ — 
 
 soon IJiL'SiV ^^^'^j'"^^ '» formed from a waxy secretion which commence, 
 .oon after they come into existence, and form, a protective covering as devS 
 
 SrvKlTow Jo". '^T''7 ?f»8e.°'«~"'»»'^««-'« presen^'a somewhat 
 grayisb-yellow color, and gradually become, darker. 
 
 The general appearance upon affected twigs i^ that of a craviah slichtlv 
 Zii^iy.'"'''^^'^''^ I^'^'^'' thenatu^l reddish colofTthettng 
 with ashes. If the scale, are crushed, a yellowish oily liquid will awj Ir 
 from the crushed soft yellow insects beieath the .cales.^ Examined n sum 
 
 dS bZL^"r ^r rT'°^°''^.'"""''°°'^y-"»»i'« youn, scales, mingli wiSi 
 old bromior blackened matured scales. This insect produces a peculUr red- 
 dening eff«st upon the skin of the fruit and of tender twigs ArencircSL 
 
 S^;::^S:^urnt"'"'^ rr'^ *t? '""«•" °^ -«^ ffmale scari v^y* 
 marked on the fruit of pears. The cambium layer of young twijrs where scales 
 are massed ,s usually stained deep red or purplish Where the^cTles^i few 
 the purplish nng surrounding each is quite distinguishable. 
 
 Kbmedies. 
 
 whalJonZn*!'"" ^"""i ^^' '""'^r P'"'"'^* ^^'^ ^^'•'"^ = ^'"•'•''"^^ ^<^f^es, such as 
 whale oil soap ; penetrating substances, such as gases or kerosene emulsion and 
 
 tlJe'you^g""*""'^*'""''''^'^ ''"^^^ '"^^ ««*'«-- *° P-venrthe e^'pe of 
 
 itis oilvIIlLtSlKf hydrocyanic acid or the gas treatment is very eff-ectual, but 
 itS^k ^ 'Z tn •" "^'^lu r.'»' especially in the treatment of imported nui^e^ 
 
 r StaS::&:'^r--n^^ -^ -^^ 
 
 -u rac„ a nttle leos rhan six feet iong, live feet wide, four feet 
 
6 
 
 2. One of the moat effectual remedies, and one readilv aoDlied i« tt,o „« «# 
 
 •pplictioDa o( Z .il^ter™ ; "f J!! 1™ I'll r.'" """"f- ■""" "" 'o"' 
 tion. i. decidedl/lhe mort .uooMfal treatmmt witb Wrong „|„. 
 
 Sdogestions. 
 
 in inf«.^"d"i^o,r'""^ """'^ """ *■"' '-^ "' "'»■" •'™8'" '">■" ■"""*. 
 2. Jf only a few trees are infested destroy them 
 
 5. Examine frait from infested localities. 
 
 1 
 
 Agrio 
 NiNga: 
 
 Appearai 
 
X 
 
 nil mon tiollmt cut taken from Bulletin 3, U. 8. Dtpurtmeiit .-of 
 
 *''-'"T„v^z'i-iuv^-^rc73T^^^^^^^^ 
 
 yi 
 
 iU 
 
Newspapers receiving this Bulletin will please notice it in their 
 columns, calling attention to the presence of a new enemy to fruit 
 ^rowmg, and advising all interested to apply to the Department of 
 Agnculture at Toronto for a copy of the Bulletin. 
 
 iie*