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Loraqua la document aat trop grand pour étra raproduit an un saul cliché, il aat filmé é partir da rangla supérieur gaucha. da gaucha é droita; at da haut an baa. an pranant la nbmbra d'imagaa nécaaaaira. taa diagrammes suivants illustrant la méthode. '^"m^ Rîi* w- '^ >* ^^. . >■ '«^ > »' *f '- •f if.'< -'M ,* ,'-^ /-^ THE DECLARATION AQAINST CAJHQLIC DOCTRINES •WHICH ACCOMPANIES THE ir . CORONATION OATH f I ' OF THE BRITISH SOVEREIGN. •»•»■•■ By REV. M. F. FALLON, O.M.I., D.D. S ' - ■ ■ . Piiii.isiiKn i!Y Si. Juski'ii's Bramii or tiik CXtuoi.h- Tri i oy Ottawa. / ..7 •il I; OTTAWA : Tiik Ottawa rRixnNi; Co., Li^iitep, ■'<*'■ ' \ ■''k ■ M ■ 4 1" * ' i '-■^vl iBt ^ >/ -fl f ■ ^r^v ;^ ■^ xiÉ ■ < V tjB ^ ^<^^J|H m.\ ^' ..-^jliédBâ 1 ' '<î'^ Jt* A - tH ^1 ■ *■ .- *^ ■ ' 1 *i'- «^ r# i'^^ c M ^% -^i ■^• •nn' ^ . %IL^^i ' 3^ ^ V <%*. 1.» ...l'i ^^ï^: ii\*Jf ^■. w; -- -K. V- / ^■\0 \ . 4-:^. V *'■., 5. ♦ • ■ " . ■ ^ ■ ■ ' ■ ■ ^■ (r « ' ' . f f 1 i - m -- \ «. ■ 1.- '» , ... '- *" ^ - ■-% '*<. ; -'- : à . V- ■V %:■ ... ■ I 4-:^. THE DECLARATION V AGAINST CATHOLLIC DOCTRINES VVHICH ACCOMI'ANIES>THE CORPNATION OflTH A; ^i /■ . « , » I 5. ,/ //, r ft^Ao/t'c t^y rtt// r^r^ce-'e/u t)/ ^/^t ■/• attfot. ana memoersï ui me i-acuit^ u> mw v/«it.w^..^ , .. , M.P. P, ; \N.\.. Scott, Master in Chancery; ex-MayorF. McDougal; J. J. McGee, Clerk of the Privy Council; F. J. McDougal, B. A.; L. J. Kehoe, B. A.; J. P. Smith, B. A.; and many mofe oftKe most promineht citizens of Canada's Capital. Letters regretting their inability to attend were received from His Grâce the Arçh. »< \ •.lv«.V >-y *•"', * '. '^ 4. ,, ^M'? ï^Tl •\ Ji'3'' \ \ \..... THE DECLARATION AGAINST CATHOLIC DOCTRINES -.* \ *. . V WHICH ACCOMPAMES THE COKONATIOW OATli OF THE r^n ■\ BrITISH SOVEREIGN. [HE Académie Hall of the flj||rersity of Ottawa was crowded to the doors on ttierevening of the i6th of Febguary, when the Rev. Father Fallon, O. M. I., de- livered his lecture on the Déclaration against certain \Catho|ic Doctrines which is obligatory on the. British Monarch on fais accession to the throne. I Mr. E. P. Stanton, Président of Sh Joseph 's Branch of thë Catholic Truth Society, of Ottawa, was chairman of the meeting. Prominent among those présent were, Hon. R. W. Scott, Secre- , taiVof Staté for Canada; W. J. Poupore, M. P.;Very Rev. J. Jodipin, Provincial of the Oblate.s in Canada ; the Very Rev. Rector and\Members of the Faculty of the University; P. Baskerville, ex- M.P.\P.; W.L. Scott, Master in Chancery; ex-MayorF. McDôugalt J. J.WcGee, Clêrk of the Pfivy Council; F. J. McDougal, B. A.; L. J. ^ehoe, B. A.; J. P. Smith, B. A.; and many more of'the most prominent citizens of Canada's Capital. Letters regretting their inability to attend were rèceived from His Grâce the Arch. V /V-s ,^p». "?«^ ; 'w« ■t i>t '. ; 'Ci'" If f ■ t THE CORpNATION DECLARATION. bishop of Ottawa; John Â. MacCabe, LL. D., Principal of" the Ot- tawa Normal School; Joseph Pope, Under Secretary of State for Canada; Simeon Lefievre/President of the Canadian Institute ; and several others. • .0 The Cha/rman introduced the rçverend lecturer, who said^ Mr. Président, Rev. Fathers, Ladies and Gentlemen: " h is due to you to explain how it cornes that the Catholic Truth Society of St. Joseph's Parish has taken up the question of the Coronation Oath and rts accompànying^ objectionable Déclara- tion against several fundamental Catholic doctrines; In ordinary circumstances, even that large liberty of initiative which,, under our modem System of politicij gôvernment, is allpwed for good or /for ill to the humblest citizen, ' would scarcely justify the Catholic Truth Society cr me in beginning or caiïrying on_jv cru- sade against a pièce of impérial législation that effect.-. the person of the sovereign. But there are, in this case, certain facts that explain and hâve suggested our présent action. Some weeks ago in the course of a sermon which I preached in St.Joseph's Church.I reférred to the Déclaration against Transu;bstantiation,the Mass, and the invoca- tien of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints, that h required of every King or Queen that succeeds* to the British throne. My référence on that occasion was a mère incident in my ser,mon, and I little imagined that it would ever be heard ,of again. This ser- mon was delivered on the iith of'December ; on the i^th, the following cablegram appeared in several tnglish newspapers: ExcHANtîE Telecraph Co.'s Cablegram:— Ottawa, Ontario, Monday.— Father Fallon, a Catholic preacher hère, dehvered a ser- mon yesterday .which caused soniewhat of à sensation. Dealing with the question of liberty of relijfions under the British fla», tlic. preacher declared the Catholics of the Empire should do their beiil 'Tîr-hav«-the_Coronation Déclaration removed frorti the Coronation Service on account otlts containing^ portions sti^matizing^ the Mass '. as superstitious and idolatrousi Why, asked the preacher, sho«ld \ Queen Victoria hâve insulted her Catholic subjecis, (han whom none • wero more loyal, by taking that oath, and Jvhy should the Prince of s Wales take Vuch a pledge of his crown ? " ■•%/ • . / ;-"'^.:. ■ ■■-%:, i ■ THE CORONATION rbECLARATION» The next day saw a letter in thW London " Daily Post," in which the writer usea the following làngUage : " Fàther Fallon, of Canada, has tctiichcul a soro point in the Coronation Oalh. Catliolics hâve loii>f bi'ld iliis oath in ahhorronce. It matters little to them whether tho mona'rch la1f»- lo ihrir ruier on his ooronalion In- havin^ dinnod day and aftor, surely they an- not lo he insnticd into their fars on such Noienin oivasion that their principal religious rite is suiperstjtiouK and idolati-ous? ' ■ ' \. . Canadians arc justified in prot<>stin>>: a^fainst the ternis of this oath, which notalone contains an insiili lo them, blit lo the six million Roman Cathpiics over whoirt ihs Britisli Monarch exercises authority in tht>se isles. Non-conformisls, Jews, Huddhisl^, Alahonmiedans, amt every other class of reliponisls lïave their reli)fiousobser\ances respccted ; tiot so the Roman Catholic, whose sensitiveness is^ of no accoimt, and whose religious opinion»; are in tJiis fashion IreateJ wilh insuit. The •Coronation Oath is an anachronisn) and it reqtiires revision." Thfe London Tablet, of Decei^ber i7th, contained a letter in which a lawyer of the Suprême Çoui^t of Judicature in England, wroté : • " I hppc from the bottom ofmylieart that the question raised. in Canada concerninfî tlie Coronation /Oath will not be sufTered to rest whereitis... . .Catholics sliould unité lo remove by ail leg-itimate »"*! <^fl|H|^^K>ii^l mcans those out^of-date provisions of the reijfn of ^'•"••Bropj Mj-iry.lhe like of which ho Hritish statesman would dreani Of^na«î«g^ in the ye,ar 1898 with référence to the relijfions of Buddha and Mahomet. " ^ ' . AoJ the Liverpool Catholic Times, of the same date, repro- duced the Ottawa cablegram with the tollowing editorialcomment: " We think this déclaration ispermitted to remain because the * Catholics of the Empire are too tolérant. If the Catholics of Great BrNain and Ireland and Canada and the colonies deciarcd wkh one voice that it must go, ^o it would. " Friends in Liverpool and Dublin sent me those papers, and then I feit it a duty to suËfgest further and organized action. The ttiembers pf the Executive Committee ot theCatholicTruth Soci«ty were unanimous in their décision to make an appeal to the public eense of justice and equality, in their effort to hâve bl^tted from the statute-books this abjuration by the monarch on a most strik- ing occasion, and in terms liiost unnecessary and offensive, of the '/" ^ \ -Sma-r f. ! L- 1 > » ■* 1 ' %» 4 . !- ' * 1 î 1 ^ V ;' -, H' ^ iM 1^ . I / f- THE CpRONATION DECLARATION. most sacred and most cherished doctrines of the Catholic Çhurçh., The «pronation of a soveYeign is, ànd ought to be, an impressive and sacred céren>ony. It is' mbrç than^a spJ^ndid spectacle; it is " a solemn récognition of the mûtual obligations betweer) the sov- .^rëign and the subjects, made in the présence of that. Almighty Beirig by whom alone Itings do réign." It is essentially, in Its his- tory 'and in itself, a religioùs service, and not a mère pageant.<)f pomp or a mère ihow pf song and tinse». VVhcn God chose Sau) to ijtile "^as first king over His fewh beloved people, the j>ws, we are told in the Old Testament that -Skarouel (thé Hjgh Priest) took a vjal of oil and poure4 it upon Saul's hf«d and kissed.hiA and said:. Is it npt becauselthe Lord Kfith àppointèd thee to be captain over hisi inheritance ?" A'iid then "Samuel said to ait the people, see yehim whom the Lor4 hath chbsen, and there is none lilçe him among ail the people? And ail the people shputed and said, God sa^e the King." (I Samuel X, 24.) ' "^ This custom of royal unction was peculiar ,to° the Jewi^h peo- ple. • •* Nowhere elsei" says St. Augustine, "were kings anoint-^ ed, than in that kingfdom where Christ w?as foretold and whence H^was to cpme." ; And this saci'ed ceremony seems to haye de- scended to ail Christian nations. At ail Christian coronatio'ns. we^ find tfiat the religiouS élément surpassed in importance everything else. Anointings and prayers, virils and fasts, oaths and admon- itions went to compose the ritual by which sovereignty was con- ' ferred upon the rightful heir. And the history of Qreat Britain aflfords a remarkable confir- mation of this assertion. Not until 597 A. D., did the great mis- sTonary St. Augustine, land upon the shorts of England, bearing to" the nation the ble.ssings oi the gospel .of Christ. Yetjn the pontifical of Archbi^hop Egbert, who died in 766 A.»D., we find the foUowmg profession to be n?ade by the sovereign : I who, by the Providence of God, am about to be King. profess before God and His angels, that, henceforth, according to my know- ledge and4)o>Ver I will do and keep justice and peace to tlie Church of God, and to the people subject to me,, with due regard to the mercy of God, according as I shall be able to ascertain by the council y of my faithful(adviser8).." , c / r" V ; 1 '■ ■ • 1 ■' ■ Â.,., m-' '-1 ' L • « ■f \ .**»',. '' THE CORONATION DECLARATION. é c a. r ence, wc enactaïul hold fàst'rijîht la\yruiterly forbit^ nipjno niiif AnrighteoiMir ■>— sâp, s/ / The royal decluration in -tJie same pontifical of Eijbert diflFers very markedly from the déclaration of our days, as the foUotving ext/act will aftiply demonstratp : i , ■ " It is the-xhfty-ofirKinKf iiewiy oVdSined |inU oitThrpned to tMijôîïr, ~ ' gin the Christian peopic siibjt'ct'to hirii ihesi* ihk'c |i»n"C«pts^: +"».rst, that the Chiir^:h oC Ctod anU ail the Christian iieopU- préserve Irue. pehce at ail tinies. Amen. Seconiliy^hAt lie forbid rapacitjr alid ail .^ iniqnitiesioall-deffrees. Amen. Thirdly, Ihat in ail. judjfmenlîj ho ' " cnjoin equily and njercy, that tlicrefpre the clentent and mercifui Godj niay >îrf^''''t *"* "'^ "'^■'^■y* Amen." » ' " » When WiH^am the Conqueror rivileges > „4j«tnted to the elerçy and^ people by îhe k''*''"'"** ^'"8 ^•'- Edward, your predecessor ?< . ' • / ' TWe king^ replies : I jjran't them and promise. j - -Sire, :^àll you keep 'towards God and Holy Chureh, and to the ' .-léfergy and people, peace and' accord iii Gc(d, entirely after your power? -, I will keep them. ' r '^ . \, ■ ''•"■^ Sire, will you causer lo be done in aii* your judg\tients-4qual and right justice and discrétion^ in mercy and truth, to your power ? I will do so. . ^ ' ■ Sire, do you grant to hold î%nd. to keep the la\5^s^ and righteous cui^oms which the community pf your realm shall h.-vt'e chosen, and. will you défend and slrengtlieir them to the honor of God and to the ' utmost of yourjjower ? ^ . . ■' . ,s I grant and promise." • • ' ■-' ^ In thp trpublesome timéf"thât fell upon England after the so- called Reformation, it was inévitable that changes should occur in the coronation oath. Through \\\q séries of British nionarchs from Henry VIII., in 1509, until after tl^ révolution in 1688, when William and M^ry replaced the ^.^roned and «xiled King James II., constant efforts were not wanting to bring into accord t V •••■«—•iii»" H -r 1,"^ THE CORONATION DECLARATION.' ; «• ■. :.'. r-'/ H' d - \ - the political and religious principles that prevailed in the kingdom. " Divers g^ood laws," to use the parliamentary term, were made for preventing the. increase and danger of popéry. In 1643 the Puritans, in their struggle with Charles, made a déclaration against cel-tain Catholic doctrines. Undt^r Charles» II., in,-iÊ73, the Test Actwas passed with the avowi^d object of debarring Catholics fcom ail offices, both civil and milit^iry. By the terms of the Act pf 1673, ail officeholders«^i'ere oblîged to take the Oath of Supre- macy.to subscribe the Déclaration/ against transubstantiation, and to publicly receive the sacrament/ according to the rites of the Church of England. Of coursé no Catholic could comply with tjiese provisions, and.asa conseqiience Catholics were effectually kept out of office. But thèse disabilities were nbt considered sufficient, and so in the year 1677, during the troublid reign of Charles IL, the follow- itîg act ,was passed to prevept Catholics from becoming members bf ParJiament : " An Act for th* more effectiial preserving: the Kings Person and Government, by disabïing papiits from sittinjf m either house of Parliament. " . l I \ " Forasmuch as divers good laws hâve been made for preventing the Increase and Danger of Poiery in this Kingdom, which hâve not had the desired effects, by reaLon of the free access which popish récusants havc had to His Majestys court, and by reason of the liberty which of late some of tht récusants hâve liad and taken to sit and vote in Parliament. 1 . , " Wherefore, and for the .^afety of his majestys royal person and Government be it enactcd by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Tempo- ral, and of the Gommons, in tjhis présent Parliament assembled and by the Authority of the same.j that, from and after the first day of December. which shall be in the Year of Our Lord God One thousand six hundred and seventy eighi.no Person that now isorhereafter shall be a Peer of this Realm or Meniber of the House of Peers shall vote, or make his proxy in the HouseiofPeers or sit there during- any Debate in the said House ot Peers ; nor any Person that now is. or hereafter ■' shall be a Meftiber of the H«wse of Gommons shall vote in the House jyof Gommons or sit there during any debate in the said House of Gom- •mons after their Speaker is chosen ; until such Peer or Member shall, from tlhie to time resppctively arid in manner foilowing, first take the several oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and make, sub- scribe, and audibly repeat this Déclaration follôwing : ' ^ Vf,^- ■ THE CORONATION DECLARATfON. I I, A.B., do solomniy, ;M,d sincorely, in tho présence ofC.od profess, testify. and déclare, .hati do bolieve that in H,e sacrament - of the Lord s Siipper tliere is not .iny 'Iran.s.ibsianliation of thc Ele- ^ -nents «f Bread a^.vi Wine into the Body Vnd Blood of Christ at or after the Consécration thereor by any IVrson whatsoever ; and that the Invocation or 'Adoration of thc Vir>ri,, Mary or anyother Sa.nts and tlu- Sacritice of the Mass. as they are now ùsed in the e hurch of Konie. arc superstitions and idolâtrons. And I do solemnlv ." tbe présence of Ood, profess, testify and déclare that I do nvakè ' tii.s Declaratiyg^nd evcry part thcrcof, in the plain and ordinary- sensé o the WllWread unto n,e, as llu-y are com.nonly nnderstood _ ^ by EnKhsh Protestants, ùithout any Kvasion. Ec,uivocation. or Mental _ '<^''*'-''-vationwhatsoev<-r,andw4lhoutanvdispcnsation aiready Rrintî . od .„e for this pifrjiose l,y the Pope, or any other AnthorUy or lerson whatsoevec. or witho.it thinkins that I am or can be acqu.tted before God or Man, or absolved of this Déclaration or any part' thereof. althoujfh the Fopé, or any other person or ' personS. or power whatsoever. should dispense with or annul the siû - oi déclare that it was null and void from the besinning, " > • -: *».' So matters stood until the révolution of 1688, b^r^vî^iicli ^t4 principle of bereditary succession to the Crown ' of Gr-eat Britain ■ was repudiated, and the supremacy of Parliament assertécl by the caUing of William Prince of Orange to the throne. Still a danger menaced the new order of tbings. famés IL, tbe exiled king had a son wbose rigbt to the crown was quite as unimpeacbable as tbat of bis two sisters, Mary and Anne. But he was a Catbolic. To sbut h.m out forever from bis rights, and at tbe same time to debar any Catbolic from reaching the throne. thé Déclaration against Tran- substantiation was made obligatpry, in its most insulting form on tbe sovereign, by tbe following pièce of législation, enacted in 'tbe year 1689: . "AnActdeclarinsrth«Rijfht8and Libertiesofthe Subiect and Settling the Succession of the Crown. " ' "And t^at every Kinjj or Quoen of this Realm who at any time hereafter shall corne to ar,d succeed in the Impérial Crown of this Kmgdom. shall on the first day of the meetmgof the first Parliament next after his or her cominR to the Crown, sitting in bis or her throne . .n the House of Peers, in the présence of the Lords and Commons , therem assembled. or at his or her coronation, before such person oV persons as shall administer the Coronation Oath to him or her at thc t.me of his or her taking the said oath shati make, subscribe and audi- b y repeat the Déclaration mentioned in the statute made in the wth year of the reign of King ChaWes the Second, intituled— I ■;3 't ■ :■ ni :i 8 THE CORONATION DECLARATION. ' An Act for the more effectuai preservinjf the^ing's person and Governi^icnt, by disabliiig Pnpists from sitting; ift either Hoiise of Parliament. " » ' ' " But If it shall.happenthat such King or QUeen upon his or her - succession ta the Crown of this Realn^'fihall be under the âge of 12 years then every such King or Queen shall make, subscribe and aud- ibly repeat the said Déclaration at his or her Coronation or.-on the first day of tiie meeting of the first Parliament as aforesaid, which shall fîrst happen, after such King or Queen shall hâve attained the said âge of 1 2 years. ' Lét me repeat the Déclaration which this act iorced and still forces upon the moharch of the world-wide, liberty-loving and civ- ilization-promoting British Empire. It ,>■- ■--■'1%" THE CORÔNATION DECLARATION. 11 a- e- er "Soon ^fter two o'clock, Hei* Majesly came dôwn to the House, attcnded by the great oflScers of State, in the usiial manner, and with the accustoméd ceieiliiony ; and havin^ ascended the throne, and desired their lordjïhips to be seatcd, the Gentleman ISher of the ■ Black Rod was "mstructed to com||?and the attendance of the Com- monsatthebarofthisHoii.se. On Iheir arrivai, lier Majesty made and subscribed the déclaration againsl transubstantiation piirsuant to the Bill of Ritfhts. " , ' Andther authority tells us that, " W'hcn the Queen had ascended the throne in the House of Lords, she dirccted the Lord Chanccllor to read the déclaration a^ainst transubstantiation, which she repeafed after His Lordship sentence by sentence, very articurately,and with much feeling and solemnity." It was indeed, an occasion calling for feeling and solemnity. I hâve no doubt that Her Majesty, then a tender young girl of eighteen years «t âge, must hâve lelt profoundly humiliatéd at be- ing obliged by law to brand a large, loyal and unoffending portion of her subjects as *• superstitions and idolatrous." .' I hj/ve triedto place clearly before you the history of this di* credital^W 'déclaration. You hâve seen that it was first exacted from officeholders, both,civil and military. No papist need apply. It was- next extended so as to disable papists from sitting in either /House of Parliament. It was iînally made obligatory on the mOinarch. Such is the chronological geufealogy^of the déclara- tion aèainst Catholic doctrines; it has not a pedigree to be prou^ of. r; I^et me now briefly relate the efforts that hâve been made at différent times for its abolition. This déclaration remained in full vigor^from 1689 until the élection of Daniel O'Connell, in '828, to reprçiîsent Clare in the British House of Commonç. Of course he cou\4 not tàke the Test Oath nor subscribe the Déclaration against Trai^substantiation ;' his seat was declared vacant, a. new élection wasj«held, and O'Connell was again returned. Thè agitation that pre^ded, accompanied and followed thèse stirring events, resulted in what is called Catholic Emancipation in 1829. At that time this déclaration and the oath of the Test .Act were abolished for mem- bers of Parliament, and for,almost ail office-holders. From a few offices — such as the Lord Lieutçaancy of Ireland, the Lord ChancelUn^ip of Englantf and of Ireland, and the chancellorships of the ^i^ent universitiés — Catholics were still debarred. • r *f- ,1 1. ^f i ■ :'P • ^' î r ! % ■ f^ ■1 fe i if^,:, ■ i ) î j 1 ' ' ' 1 i i j ^ , T' ./ ■/ / /■..; lo THE CORON-AT/ÎON DECLARATION.' / / No further biBcial appeal was heard from Catholips until i866, althouferh in 1837 thehistorian Linj^ard addressed a spWted protest - to the Lord.Chancellor oi/jhe occasion of Qneen Victoria's takinir. the Déclaration. / ' On the 2oth Mardi^ 1866, Sir Colman Ô'Loughlin moved for leaye to introdlice into^he British Hoyse of Commons a biU abol- ishiiîg ,he Déclaration in as far àvi it concerned the Lord Lieuten^ . ant and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. His motion was seconded / by the Protestant Sir John Gray. In making his motion, Sir Colman 0'Loi,j,-hlin pointed ont that ^he Lord Lieutenant wasob:\ hged to talve the oath in the présence of members of the Irîsh Privy'Ii coÛnçil, many of whoni were Catholics, That^ he said, was mani- testly an offensive proceeding, and he asked the House to rfbolish this relie oÇ/bi^rbarism. The Chancellor of the Exchequèr, speak- ing for tfie Ministry of.the day, admitted that "the words of the Déclaration were df a very painfui charàcter," that "they had be- come unneqèssary, and as they were now more likely to give pain" than to serve any sensible purpose.Jt was içnpossible for the gov- ernment to refuse its consent," to the introduction of Sir Colman O'LoughIin's bill. . '. . Thé second reading came up on May 8th, i8è6. In the course of the débat e Mt. Cogan «aid : / " It was particularly offenkive that the Lord Lieutenant sliould be oblig^ed to niake a déclaration that the doctrines of/Roman Catholicit were idolatrous and superstit/ous. In the interest/^peaceandconci- hation and Christian charity/the Bill should recèi/e thc'assent of the •House." j j ' 1 ' " The remarks of Mr. Chichester Fortescùe weré still strbnger: "This Déclaration agaiiist Trâiisubstantiat/on," he said, "waii so .uttcrty indelensiblo and deVoid of foundatioh, tLt it required but /the louch of any menibir of Ihe House to mak» it/fall to the ffround. /The only ^vonder was that officiais should hâve s6 long been compi-lled / , ou entering office to stigmaTize in ternis wh/ch aniounted to. noThing / , . . short of c-,>i*tempt. the sacred doctrines of tl/c Church to wbich Lany 7 grenticmcnof the hiffhcst rank in thecountrf adh^red." ' '[ / The bill pasâed its third reading in the I^oase of Coimons on June 1 2th. 1866. Only four members voted against it; th^ir names deserve récognition; only Messrs. Whiteside, Newdefeate/vVhalley and Chambers, amongst ail the members of the Commons, were /■ . ,ï i t ^fl::'nf 'l . ■!■ k THE CORONATioN DECLA/RATIÔN oecla/ration s," II inable to suppress their religïous préjudices, and vote fdf justice /'to Roman Catholics. It wA* introduced in the House/of Lords and received its second réardîjnj/ on J uly 6. At that staj^of the pro- ceeding-s, .however, the aiiln6uncehiont was made that |/commissioA was çngaged on the g-ené/al subject of oaths, and the mil was conse-^ quently withdrawn, pe/iiing tlie report of the commission. The dé- cisions of the commiss/(ii stronjjly favored the abollltiort of ail thesb «*' offensive oaths, declïi/ations and tests, and on tWe yth of Februtj' aryi 1867, Sir Co\tpM O'Loujfhlin reiiitroducedfhis btll, but now, instfiad of applying/tdoffice-holders in Ireland /lone, it was made .to include ail the .yuttjects of Her Majesty. Latle opposition was offered, and the /inéasure received its third rj^d'ng on the i4th of May. Lord Kin/ibirly, who had once been ïford Lieutenant of Ire- land, undertoowtJpilot it through the Up/er Chamher. In his speech he char^lctf ri/ed the Déclaration as/'offensive and unneices- sary." , "Heliafd h^iself," he said', '.'been'calldB to makethat déclaration before theflrisif Privy Council, in the proifcnce of a larjfe nuniber of persons 0/ thel Roman Catholic. faith; ajftl he must say rhat hc had s lif* mado a déclaration witliOnore pain than when l»e was belArc men holdin}> high orfce, aïK] for whom he hâd t^ie resrfect, to déclare the tcnejR oC^their^ rclijfion>to be super- ■ idolatroi^s." During tfie debate in the tfouse of Lords »two intercsting stateméAts wrfre made, in View Jt our présent discussion. Lord Derby/ femarked that "/ ^ / /'* The oath which the ^ill a|ioK,shes is totid^in verhis the same as the/one reqiiired to be takt^n by Jlie sovereijfn at his or her eoroiiation; and consequently the bill does Apen up a niuch larger question than - at/first sight it would appear fb do." And- the Marquis of Balh thougjitth^t // I "The bill would place tlfe sovereijfn in an isolatedandanonialoui position, and it would bchoSve Parliament at s6me future time to coh- /sider whether the .sovere«;n should not also be relieved froni the r^i'eccssity of this dcclaratflofl. " ' _ . The bill passed the^House of Lords and received the Royal absent on July the zsth./'iSô;. Sir Colman O'Loughlin's bill was c0uched in the followlnlf terms : "Whereas t. by vsWious'Acts a certain déclaration,^ commonly called the Déclaration lagainst Transubstantiation and the Invocation never in requirei Jîreat( stitioii and !■- ■- mmmmKmm 12 THE CORONATION DECLARATION. f :•■•! •■• n of Saints, and the Sacrifice of Ihe Mass, as practised'in the Church of Rome (and wliicli dedaratioji is niorc fully set forth in^the schedu'e • to thm Ad aiinjjxed), is recojfnizcd to be taken, luade and subscribed by the subjects of HiT Majesty, for the enjoyment of certain civil offices, rnaiicbiHCs, and ri^hts : "And whcreas it is expédient to alter the law in that respect, and to abolish the said déclaration : ' "Be it enacted by the (Jueen's most excellent Majesty, &c., as folloWs : _ "i. From and after the passing pf this Act, ail such parts of tlie said Acts as require the sàid decla'ration to be -taken, inadc, or sub- scribed by any of Her Majesty's Suhjects as a qualification fcr the exercise or enjoyment of any civil oflice, franchise, or right, shall be, and the samc are hereby, repealcd, and il shall not be oblijjatory for any person hereafter to t.-ike, make, or subscribe the said déclaration as a qualification for the exercise or enjoyment of any civil office, . franchise, or riffht within the realm. "jTlNothinjï in this Act contained shall be construed to enabic any persan professing' the Roman Catholic rclig'ion to exercise or enjoy any civil office, franchise or riffht, for the exercise or enjoy- ment of which the takin^;-, making, or subscribing' the 'déclaration, by this Act abolislied, is now by la\V a necessary qualification, or any other civil office, franchise, or right from which ho. is now by law excluded." Hénçeforth no British subject would be required to déclare the doctrine of Transubstantiation, the Invocation of the Saints and of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Sacrifice of the Mass idolâtrons and superstitions. But this highly objectionable oath must stili be taken by ttife sovè?eign. Now^ if it is offensive and unjust for Catholics to be termed idolatrous by the subjects of the Crown, and their own equals, the offensiveness and ' injustice are incfeased beyond endurance, when the charge is tnade by the -sovereign- and on the most solemn occasion. Every argument used in favor of the abolition of the oath for ofîîce-holders make$ . with ten-fold force against its being taken by the suprême head of the'state. You may ask what it is t^ which Catholics find 'objection in this portion of the coronation prôceedings. The question scarcely needs an answer. Idolatry is the -paying of diviitfe homage to false gods : superstition is a belief in which ignorant or abnormal religions feeling is shown. Both are crimes against God and against humàn reason ; yet of both thèse crim^ • ■( THECORONATIÔN DECLARATIC^. >3 are Cathotics accused by the sovereiçn. Lord Macautay, speaking of Br:ihmanism, says : ' "As thiNNuperstilion is of ail siiporslitions the niost iiTaliohcil, and of ail uiipcrstitlons thu mosi inclo^aiU, so it is of ail NiiperstitioiiN tliu most immoral." . ' ' / Now, Brahtnans exift in millions in India. Notonly is their superstition not so stigmatized by the sovcreign,v or the sovereign's repr^entatives, but thc^most scrupulous eare is takcn lest the Brahmanistic conscience should be in the least offended. No such re^^rd is had for the bcliefs pf^he oldest and most numerous body of Christians in the wgf Id. , And what are those Catholic doctj-ines which are esjiecially pilloried by the Déclaration ? They"îire fundamental and chàrac- teristic articles of the Catholic creed. The Real Présence of Our Saviour in the Blessed Eucharist, the Catholic teachlhg regarding the Blessed Virgin and the Invocation of the Saints, and the Sacrifice of the Mass, are declared to be supërstitious and idolâ- trons. I pass over with the mère mention the kbsurdity and the cruelty of anyone fixing such a shameful stigma ar^ any religion, Untess he or she hâve made the doctrines condemned the subject of carefui study, and hâve become assured that foui play and mis- representation and calumny hâve had no part in the condemnation. ' I piass over aIsO the reasons of state which should preclude the very possibility of a great diplomatie perspnage, such as is the British sovereign, from giVing needless, wanton and studied oflFence to the Catholic ruiers and pèoples of the w#ld. I leave out a considération the truth or falsity of the dogmas condemned. Wr.at matters it that we daim a basis in Scripture and in reason for our belief in Transubstantjation ? Of what import is it that we pride ourselves on the emineAt reasonableness 'cf our vénération of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Saints?^ What qoncern is it" that the Sacrifice of the Mass is the centre and ^el soûl c|f Catholic worshipt? Thèse thing^ were supërstitious and idolâtrons, in the preiifdiced Judgmènt of the English Parliamept of the days of William and Mary; supërstitious and idolâtrons they must remain for Queen Victoria and her successors. And yet some of the choicest atid subtiest intellects thàt the world has everknown, hâve accépted thèse beliefs and were prepared to sacrifice every- 4 14 THE CORON ATlp^f DECLARATION. 1 r ■ ià^- a thing for them. Lord Macaulay, writing of Transubstantiation. says: -, "Wliçn we reflect that Sir Tlioiims More was ri-a.lv lo die for the doilrine o» rransubsUinliatioii, we i-innot but Avl' some doubt whellier tlie doctrine of TranMibslaiitiatioi) may iiot Irliiinph over ail oppo^ition. More was a nian of (-niiiuiu talents. He had ail the information on the subjeit that we hav|;, or that, while tho world lasts, any human beiiiK will Hâve. ..... We are. therefore, iinable fo under- stand why what Sir Thomas More believed respectinK Transubstan- tiation may n^n be believed to the end of lime hymen equal in abilities to .Sir Thomas More. But Sir Thomas More is onc of the choiee specimensof human wisdoni and virlue. " And John Henry Newmancertainly no weak-minded idola- ter— write.s as follows regardin^ the Mass : ' "I déclare Ihal lo me nothin^r "s so con.sqlinif, so |>jereiiip, so - thrillinj,', so overcominK "^ the .Mass. I,a>uld-att«nil Masses forever and not"be tired. Il is noi a mère form of Words-f-ît is a «"reat action, the K'reHtest action 4 hal can be on ■eaith. 4 jis not tlje invocation '' meroly. but, if I dare use tkr^d^ithe ffV^kion of^the Eternal. He becomes présent on the altaî^i Hesh and' blood, beforc Whom an^els bow aiid devils tremble. ..... Thcre are. little chiidren there, - and old men, and simple .laborers, and stiidents in seminaries, priests : prejvirinj,' for .Mass, priests, makin» theii thanksjfiving ; there are innocent maidens, and tliere arc pl-tiitent sinnérs; but ont of thèse many minds rises one Kucharistic hymn, and Hie jfreat acfion is the measure and the scope of it." And there are even Engli.shmen who did not fear. oit the occasion of the accession of Queen Victoria,, to speak out their minds plainly, as the following extract from à letter written by Charles Waterton on June i5th, 1838, will ampl/prove: ' "Who could suppose," hesays, " Uiat, in thèse limes of intense ' religions investiKatioi:. we slwuld ever see a British Queen forced, by an exécrable Act of Parliamenrf, to step forward and .swfear that the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, at which Alfred the Great, St. Edward the Confesser, and millions upon millions, not only of Englishmen, but of ail nations, bqth before and since their lime, hâve kneeled and do kncel in fervent adoration, is superstilious and idolâtrons ? Had I been near her sacred person, the .sun should not Jiave set before I had imparted to héi royal ear, a true and faithfui account of that abominable oath. h is a satire on tho times ; it is a disgrâce tô ■ the British nation; it ought to be destroyed by the hand of the çommon hàngman." .m.*- THi; CORONATION DECLARATION. «5 \ Ane}, indeed, réasonable men may well inqtiirc •what jjood purpose is served by this déclaration. It is insultinjf, and at variance with the first principles of common politeness, and is t^jerefore sc^rcely a fitlinjï expression to fall from the lips 'of tlie sovereign. Besides condemninff Catholic betief, it perpétuâtes the ancient and exceedinf^Iy offensive falsehood, that the Pope can dispense with the truth and pern^ît évasion, equivocation or mental réservation, and h makes Ihe entirely gratuitous assumption that English Protestants hâve a monopoly of the use of words accord- ing to their phiin and évident meaning :, "And I," says tlu« sovcrcijjii, " do soloiimly in t lie prestance ui' \ God proffHs, (estifv and dcclaro tfiat I do niake IhistU-ihiration, and « «vt-TV part Uiertof; in iho plain and onlin.iry sonso of Ihi? words road _^ unto nie, as Ihey are coinmouly »nuloi>,lood l>y Kn>flisli Protostants, withotit any évasion, equivoration, t>r mental réservation whalsoever, and without any dis|H'ns;ilion aire-.dy fjrjmlcd me for (liis purpost; by , J^^ i'ope or any otlier authority or person wliatsoever." Now, is there anything unreasonable in Catholics moving to hâve this Déclaration abolished ? Why should this continuai ani groundless suspicion be kept alive against us? When we ask'^r absoluite religions equality uith ail other citi/ens of the empire, are w^ making an exorbitant demand ? We are npt seeking spécial \favors. Our request is that Catholic doctrines, held saCred by us, sWuld not be made the object of royal condîipination and shameful\ insuit. The sovereign of the British empire rules a mixed peÈ(ple, and no offensive word should pass the royal lips regarding é^en the humblest a«d mo'st insignificant subject. We ask Protestants to deal v^hh us in this matter as they should wish us to deal with them in similar circumstances. And in referring to Protestants, it riiay be of infportance to point out to them that the Déclaration to which we object is not the coronation oath itself, but something quite independent of, and much subséquent to, the coronation oa,th. We are in no sensé ai^king for the abolition of the oath by which the sovereign swears to piaintain the Pro testant religion by lavv established, nor are we attempting to interfère with the provision of the Bill o/Rightj which e'nacts that the sovereign must be a Protestant. Our concern is solely with that Déclaration which attaches to our religious, beliefs epithets sp offensive and sojflLst that we çatygarcely be expecte^ tp remaîn ■ .; rt^: VVv i6 THE CORONATION DECLARATION. -1 quiet under them. It wilt be remarked t^at Sir Colman O'Loujrh- lin's bill conWifted, a clause which provided that nothing in the Actshould betaken to rtiake Cathvîjics eligîble for any office -for- ^ - which they were theretqfore inéligible. It must be évident, then, that the repcal of the Déclaration against Transubstantiation cQuld in no way prejudicially affcct either the Protestant religion or the Protestant succession to the British crown. You maylsay, Why should this mattef be agitated in Canada? 1 ask in reply, Why should it not be agitated in Canada ? Is not Canada a part, and a very important part, of the British empire ? Aud do not Catholics form 42 per cent, of the population of this Dominion ?* Is it crédible that the religious doctrines and beliefs of 42 per cent, of Britain's premier colony shall ever again be stigmatizéà as idolâtrons and superstitious ? Is it possible that the memçry of those Catholics who worked so strenuoQsly and so successfùlly in nhe past for the ujibûilding of our Cana(te shall hâve no effect in softening préjudices and removing oflFence ? Do the services of a Cartier and a Taché, a MtGee an^ a Thompson count for nothing în the counsels and plans of Great Britain ? Or can it be that marked regard will not be paid to the respectful représentations of a portion of. the empire whose Prime Mintster, M inister of Public Works, Secretary of State, and Solicitor- General are personally affeçted by the objectionabîe Declaratton against Transubstantiation ? I ^ It would seem to be Our plain duty, fof the interests oj ^our religion and dur honor, to do our best to remove forever froni the statute-books of an empire, whôse best interests we are al way s V ^eady to serve, this last remnaut of bitter and barbiirous times. This is not a national qvestion; it is not a religious question;' it is a matter of public policy r a request for sipiple justice; .à plea for equal rights and for the exercise of that fair play and broaU.^ toleration whiclr, Mr. Balfour asserts, charactèrize British instî\^ tutionS.v Unless this Déclaration is çbolished, let me picture for you what will happen at the Lnext, cdronation. Gathered around the new king will be repres'entati\^s from ail parts ot the empire— C from the "British Isles,.i^from' Asia aîid' Afrïca, from Ausl^alia and , from the British pos»essiâ9to|Of America. Men of every color and f . -w. f \- THE CORONATION DECIMRATION. 17 race Hnd speech, of every shade of relijjious opinion, will be • présent on that momentous occasion to offer the tribute of their loyalty and the assurance of their affection to the newiy-crowned n^.onarch. And Jrom the Hp» of the soverejjfn sha» corne no word of reproach or rebuke for the follower» of Biiddha and Hrahma, for the worshippers of Vishnu and Siva, for the Kaffirs or the Hoshmen, the Hottentots, the" ZuUis or ine disciples of Mahomet. There shall be nothin^j but kindness and conciliation for Jew and Gentile, for Anglican and Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian. P'or one class alonei of British subjects wilI there be reserved scorn .and cor.tempt, insuit and outrage! Ths tv/eke millions of Roman Catholics in the British empire wili hâve the '^aU privilège of^ knowing that, in the présence of God and befpre the wide world, their king solem>ily pronounccd their religious beliefs to be idolatrous and superstitlous. Il will not matter that thèse shame- ful words are utteied in the présence of forty-nine Catholic Lords, of fîfty-five Catholic Baronets, of nineteen Catholic Privy Coun-' cillors, and of seventy-two Catholic members of the House of Commons. Ready, as they would be, to s'wear teaity and pledgé allegiance, prepared to draw their swords if need be, and never to sheat^e them so long as their services were required bv the sovereign, is it surprising if the ardor of their pafriotism should be somewhat cooled and the affection of their loyalty rather shocked, as they heard, one by one, the distinctive doctrines of their religion declared by the suprême civil ruier to be idolatrous and superstitious ? The Catholic Duke of Norfolk. Fostmaster-General of Great Britain and Earl Marshal of the Empire, upon whom devolves the duty of making ail préparations for coronation, would receive his reward in the assurance that Transubstantiation, in which he believes, is an abomination. The Catholic Marquis of Ripon, who for years ruied with signal success Her Majesty's Indiaa empire, would be told that his dévotion to the Blessed Virgin. Mary and his invocation of the saints were superstitious. The Catholic Lord Cromer, whose brîlliant diplomatie ability and keen foresight prepared the way tor the re-conquest of the Soudan, must not wince, or move a muscle as he heard that the Sacrifice of the Mass was idolatry. Arid the Catholic Lord Chief Justice n \3 'l I \ '/- 'W \' \ É$ THE CORO^ATIOW DECLARATION. i '' i^' iti' \ \ Russeil. ,rt,e pride of thc légal profession in ^n^fland. would learn,- doubiless much to hls annoyance. thht the Pope can sanction departures from truth, nnd permit évasion, equivocation and mental réservation. Now it will .scarcely be denied that this is «n intolérable state of affa.rs. No other people woald be expected to remain .ilent under such hideous char«:es. Of the loyalty of Catholics there is not, and cannot be. a doubt. They bave always contributed quite their proportionate share. both \n intellectual and political ser- vices, towards the building up of that power to which. in the picturesque déclaration of Daniel Wjîbstor. "ancient Rome in the "' height of her glory is not to be compared ; a power which bas detted over the whole globe with her possessions and military posts -whose morning drum-beat, following the sun and keeping com- ' pany w.th the hdurs. circles the earth d«lly with one continuous and unbroken strain ot the martial airs of England." Its Catholic citïzens hâve a stak|râhe security, the progress and the prosperity of that great emflfre. They hope for th* con- tinued tHumph, of that flag which is known and respected throughout the world. But it is idie to seek to conceal the fact that the enemies of the' Briti.sh empire are numerous and power- ful. The day will certainly ùome when thèse foes will make an on^et on the empire, the outcôme of which will be either its signal tr.i^h or its utter downfall. Against that inévitable event is it not^l^se to tnake every provision? *What folly to wound the most délicate «ensibUitie^ of millions of subjects, to makçiiihet feel that they «re citizen» of an empire that does not val' services, and would not appreciate tl# dévotion, since regard* for their conscientibus convictions ! >^h is i^ this -sensé,' chiefly, that the Catholic Truth Society of St. Jo*|ph> parish purposes taking action looking- to the abolition of the B*â^jjion agaînst Transubstantiation and other Catholic " T^^ factiôus agitation gotten up by men who etépWn in^rests by a specious appeal to the ^^^^^ÈtU '* '* * *^''''" ''"* '''■'" Protest ri'- lAi» -^ ^^® ^P*^^ but sincère request of those who feel t^*t t% are wrongly condemned, to bave that con- demnation removed;, it is the expression of their intention to carry oï the doctriri seek to baser pa against i ^. > ''•#. ittm ^ \ t y ''uàii-d.^, ' '' ' t^-WM| -^SSJ^ ^. > K. I ' If r ^!^, /^ ^l^ljk ■'«êffl^i- • THE CO^ONATIOfel DEcAtATrON. «9 thcir rcquest before Parfiamciit, and even ta -thc foot of th« Throne. in the certain hope and conviction ^Kkt*gentfeneMii. and honor. justice and the rights of conscience will ultimately prevail." m * • ♦ At the close ofthe lecture thé fojlowinif résolution whh moiied by Mr. B. B. Suite. K.R.S.C, the welhknown Cahadian historii and seconded by Mr. M. J. Gorman, I.L.B. ï' " Thaï ihtvJBoinnn cttholicH of OKtiwa, 'as' loyal suhj.-vtH of «he Urili^h empirx, dosire lo oxpross titoir* r..Kr«4 thaï "ihcrehliould be reMuired of .lu; soveroÏKii of M,e eitipir*., nt ♦ronalion or al any othor tiiiie, a dcclar.ition riRainsl TransuhMantlalion, by whkh tlie Sacrifice of .1,0 Mhhh and othor Mocrino, ot ,h* Ro,„an Catholic ' > Chyrch are »tiKiw»tized as Hupcrsiitious «ikI itlol;ir«io.i>.'t _ " That ihey siiic^nsly trust that^the spiril of broad loli-raJîon which. wilhin Iho reiKn of Mer Most Cradous Mrtjestl a„d iho (wp • pu-iCili^g HovorciKiis romovùd this iK.ilar.'Uioii fr^n/ the slajuto- " . ^ books, Ho far as incniberH of PaMiamonl. peors ofUhe reabn. atid. office holder-i are concerned, will. at the requent of bunOjhvbut duli- ' fu subjects of the empiro, cause it to be rci^aled in sof>irai,it ; relates loi hesu<>re^nehi-adof the stato; . ' "Thaï they believe man Calholics of ihe empire to enter w.th more prolound feelinKsof -loyal affet-tfen inirtthespiritof a ceremony tvhich should be the occasion of nolhruff but iiMMual csleeni .^ and good will on the part of both sovereign and subject»." - In speakinsr to his resolution, Mr. Suite said ifaat thç mère fact that this Déclaration was a relie of barbarism aliouid jiistify its abolition; and in that sensé he couid add nothing to what h*ad Been said by the Rev, Father Falfon, But,, before pi*)posing the resolution, he would like.to draw the attention of the audiefice to one or two historical facts. Çanadiatis wogld recall with deep regret the séries bf sad events that. occurred in Nova Scotia between 171.3 and 1755, and which resulted in theexpulaon ofthe unfortunate Acadiaivs. That people hàd sufférçd greal injustice. The poetic récital of their trials in Longfellow's E-uangehnf elicits our heartfell sympathy with them. But the poee fails to point out whaf was the real cause of theîr misfortunes. ït was nothing dse than the Test Oath and this very Déclaration against Cathoik doctrines. The Acadians were an'industrious peôpie; they wished to be a loyal people; but, they would not be a peoply6f apostates to their faith. they refused to take the Test 04jh£he obj^ction^ ^ ';^1 » \_\ H, Y ■ ' *^ I ... ( \ ■'..'■Il ^'.i ' l" and made wanderers on the face ot the earth. . A similar diflScuIty faced the French Canadians at the time of the conquest of Canada and its cession to Great Britain. History was about to repçat- itself, for the. French Canadians would never hâve talcen the oath declanng the falsity of their religion. But, happily for ail concerned, the support of Canadians was vital,, to Great Britain in her disputes and struggles with the Ameiican col- onies, and, from motives of policy, the British Administratioa*bf thé day refrained trom exacting the objectionable oaths from thé new subjects. f|ence no poet has been called upon to chronicle the dispersion and wanderings of the French Canadian people. Wisdom inspired the Ministers of the.Crown on that occaision. Let us trust that it may do so again. He hoped that this resolution would go around the world and be heard of at an early day in its prpper place at Westminster Palace, supported by the unani- mous voice of the British Parliament. Mr. Gorman, in seconding the resolution, referred to the great debtcJf gratitude which ail Catholics owed to Rev. Dr. Fàllon, for the masterly and exhaustive" manner in which he had dealt with this question. There had, he eontinued, been some misconception as to the object of this movémept, owing to the fact that some of the newspapers had referred to it as being aimed against the'Cor- bnation Oath of the Sovereign. This misconception it was neces- sary to completely remove, and he therefore thought it well to strongly emphasize the fact that the movement had rio such ob- ject. There was no désire to interfère with the Act of Settlement, by whrch the British Crown must necessarily descend to a Protes- tant, nor with the Coronation Oath, in which the Sovereign swears to maintain "the „ Protestant reformed religion established by law." The Déclaration which was attacked, was an entirely col- latéral matter, and was whoUy unnecessary to protect the one ^ or to maintain the other. He concluded by expressing the conviction that this movement, now modestly inaugurated by th2 Catholic Truth Society hère, would gather force from ail parts of the em- pire, and would resuit in the repeal of this objectionable déclara- tion before the next sovereign 'ascended the throne. The resolution was put to the aMience by the chairman, Mr. E. P. Stanton, and was unanimously adopted amidst much ap- plause. The meeting closed with the National Anthem, God Save the Queen. ïii~ r Wf m '#■ ■/ 1^^^^^^^^^^^^^ / >"^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ♦ . . ^^^^H r-. • * * n^^^^^. ^^^^^m , , >--*>.■ » ï^^^^^^^B 'V ^r^ ■ <■ *. ■ ' ' . ^^^H ^r ' ' - f^; " ^ - t • tt * i #■■-■ . "' • ^^^^1 ^^^^^^^^^^^w - -^ 9 # ^^B t ■ ■ 4 :.. ^..±v,._.,_^ /.... '•■ ■ ... -■ _ _ : -.';A- - ^ ^ ■ .; ■• à - • «. • t > ■ : • j »L 4* '" • ^- . ■ -x:'. V y ' ■; ■ ■-..'./*'• ■■■., 't ■* 5 i \- - - « ■# p