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PREFACE 
 
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 Tin: lli\('r Oltiiwii (dlcrs, to Hie nliscrviitidii of tlic tourist, olijccts ol" tlic wildest iiiid 
 most I'oiiiaiilic iiiiciisl ; tln-rc is the iiiiuiity ("nliiiiict and tlu! silent, slccpiiiL:' liidcc : (ho 
 stii|H iidoiis wiiik of llic lii,L;licst ai't, and the iiidc sinipiicily ol' tln' roii^L:ii('st slianlv : liicro 
 is Ilic dnisc foicsl and the liulit ,L:ro\(': Xatnrc, in all licr varied pliascs ; the woi'k of man 
 in its siiii|ilcv| ;iii(l its lol'tiesl develo|)nienl. Tlie Ottawa eoimtry is little known; Imt no 
 man \isils its ma.Liniiieent scciiei'v, no man licLiiiis to understand its enormous resoiu'ees, 
 willioul an exiiression of admiration at the one and surprise at tin- other; W(dl, indeed, did 
 the I'cii men. who in au'es past ua\i' it its eliristenin,Li' name, eall it, in their iieaulil'ui and 
 harmonious laii'rua,u,'e, the "(Ireat l!i\er.'" 
 
 The Ottawa is the most piel uresipudy lieant il'ul of all the rixers of Canada, and in its 
 further noi'lhern eoiu'se is very little known. Few, hut those ad\entnrons souls, the voy- 
 jiLic'iM's of the Lireat Km' Companies, or the Lundiermen, and they (Uily recently. Imve pene- 
 trali'd to the head of Lake Tend sea niin,iiiie ; I'vw ha\(' seen the li'iii'unlic masses of iMcky 
 elifl', towcrinu' ii|( a llnuisand feet toward the skii's. that border the Lower Canada shore; 
 few ha\t' looke(| on the foamini:' torrents and I'urions rapids ovei' which the u'allaiil- raftsmen 
 steer their limber for the markets of the Old A\'orld. Bui llu- Ottawa is lieiiiL:' ojiened uj), 
 and •diilside liarbai'ians " are pryini;' into its mysteries. It is our jjleasure to he the jiion- 
 eer. artislically, in openinu' to the woi'hl a \'v\y of the beautiful views in the immediate 
 \icinily of the City of Ottawa. They speak I'oi' Ihcmscdvcs, and while the artist williiio-ly 
 admits that no jx'iicil can do justice to tlie variety, llie be-uity. and suldimity of tlie subject, 
 he venlini's to say that his [lortraiturc is faithful ; :. lie has erred at all, it is not oil the side 
 of exau'ii'cratioM. 
 
 A slight sketch of the history of tin- City of Ottawa, of its trade and increasing importance, 
 has Ik'cu iutr(Kluci'd into the letter-press accompanying the views; this will be interesting 
 to the tourist, and nmy imluce rcnulcrs at a distance, who have never visited the Ottawa, to 
 come and do so ; the artist knows that they will not be disappointed. 
 
 W. S. HUXTEK, Ju. 
 
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THE OTTAWA. 
 
 (' 11 A V T K II I 
 
 (^i:XKl!.\I, SKKTfll. 
 
 That iMiviion dl' 15r'ni.-li Nnrtli 7\iniric;i wliicli is 
 I'liMiniMl liy tlio River Olt:i\va,MMil it.s mimrrdiis Irili- 
 utarii'8. lias Ihmu litlle vi.-iteil ))y tlic \H'ti\<h> of lln' 
 Uniti'd Slates or 'illicr cnuiitrics, iuid. indceil. is not 
 Ycrv wi'li known ti tin two uiilliniis and a linll' of 
 (liirrii N'irtdiiiN own North Annn'icaii siil'jcrts. Tin; 
 great valii'y,or basin, of tin- Ottawa, lies in tlio very 
 centre of Canada, tin- vi\er, itself, dividinLi' Canada 
 East from Can;ida Wi'st. and imludin^- nearly one- 
 foiulli of its wliolf territorial extent. This valley, 
 exelii,-i\e ofllii' Isle desus and Isle Montreal, eon- 
 tains, in ronnd nnndiers. an area of eighty Ihoiisanil 
 sipiaiv nnle.-. and fnrnishesa very lartre and valnahle 
 [inrlion (if ( 'anadian exjioi'ts. 
 
 11 is a sintiular fact, that tliou;^h th(> Tnqierial 
 Government is well awan' of ihe eonimereial iniport- 
 anee of tills L;reat traet of country, il has hanlly 
 )i"en noticed in recent ueogra|iliical and stali^tieil 
 works pnldished in (Ireat IJrilain. 
 
 The wold -Ottau a'' is Indian, and is j'rononnced 
 with the accent on the >econd syllalile, " Ot-taw- 
 wagli," and liy the Fivnidi Canadians, to this day, is 
 spelled, '- Ontaonais ;■' the word means the " human 
 oar." hut why it was given (o this imhle ri\cr is a 
 niy>tery which, in all |iroliahilitv. will never he iiu- 
 ruvelled. On this ri\er there lived, year.s ago. ii 
 trilie of Indians, a hrancli of the great family of the 
 AIgi'ai|uiiis. hearing tin same name, the '-Ottawas:' 
 lietween the Algoiuinins and the confederated can- 
 tons of tlie Five Nations, called by the Kreneh, the 
 •• lroi|iiois.'' there was continual war. and the Otta- 
 was wei'c driven jVom their hunting grounds in the 
 
 Ottawa Valley, and retired to the hmds bordering on 
 Lake Huron; a few fimilies of this once powerful 
 tribe ar.' .-till living on the fireat ^laiiitoulin island. 
 It may be oliserved that, by the Indians still fie- 
 cpienting this valley, the Ottawa is always spoken of 
 as the '-Kitchr'-sippi;' or (ire;it lliver. '■ .siiipi," or 
 "silibi," nn'aiiing /.V/vr in the langmige of the Iro- 
 ipmis. as ilissis-siiipi, Manya-sippi, Kecpaw-a-sippi, 
 and many others. It is a soil and ]deasing word, 
 and '<{ is a matter of deep regret that many more 
 licautiful luiliaii words have not liecn retained as the 
 desiu-nalions of various Canadian localities; it is a 
 \erv ipiest'onalile taste, that imiioi tation (d'the names 
 (d' Kuroiican Cilii's, Liikes. and River.-. What can 
 lie more absurd than to call a collection of wooden 
 sbaidie,-;. Athens! or Palmyra'.' The Indian names 
 are ;:etie!allv vcrv euphonious, and are, in nio-l eases, 
 d<-rripli\eof the pecailiar locality to which they an' 
 appli(,'d ; thus, Toronto means " tree- growing out of 
 the water,'" and i- suindy more iileasing to the ear, 
 and more appropriate in itself, than '' lattle Yoik," 
 the name given to T(n-onto hy the '^arlier settlers. 
 
 The .-oiiice „[' the IJiver Ottawa is supposed to be 
 in aliout the torty-nintli degiv of .\orth Latitude, 
 ami se\vnt\-Mxth degree of West Longitude, and 
 the ii\er winds in a south-westerly coiir-e tl.voiigh 
 the far olf foiest solitude- known, among F,uro|ie;ius, 
 Oidv to the scattered agents «{' the llnds(ai's liay 
 Coinpany. which lie on the slopes id' the highlands 
 that sejiaiaii^ it< waters from tho^e of llmNoifs I'.ay. 
 Duiing this c(uir.-e it ri'ceives many tributaries, and 
 exiKinds into large lakes, one >'[' which, if Indian 
 
I 
 
 I'luni'i' is lo 1)0 iitislod, is iiciily as laruo as Liike 
 liiuoii. At almul tlirc(^ huiidrcil miles rinm its 
 lH'iibaMc source, ami finii' liumiveil ami tliirty IVem 
 its mcnitli at liinit de I'lsle. liclow ]MuntreaI, the 
 River Ottawa rx|iamls intn u Iimii! uarmw Lake, 
 lieariiig tlie Imliaii luiiin' Temiseiuniiii:', and tuniiiif^ 
 nearly at viLilit aii^es to its (bniirr emirse, extcmls 
 suuili liy east fur si.\ty-s(>ven miles iiuliroken liy I'lll 
 or rapid. 
 
 From tlie point at whirli tlie Ottawa expanils into 
 
 Lal<c Temiscaniiiiir. its eonrsi' lias 1 n surveyed and 
 
 is well known; commenein,u' from this [loint. iho 
 first tributary whirh the Ottawa ri'rei\e>. i> I. a 
 Ri\iere IJlanrhr. This stream iiins in a iioiiherly 
 diii'ctiiiu for about ninrty milrs. but is little known. 
 .\ little to the south and w.^;! i,[' the outlet of the 
 IMaiirhe is liit' Ketacumuaw. a >iuall siream. h;i\iiiL;' 
 a nortli-wesleily ruiir.-c, .ind aijieaiiiij:' in he about 
 forty miles in lenjith. 
 
 Tho next tributary on ihesniith.er r|i|ier Caii.ida 
 banl< of the ( >tta\\a, is t he .Monti'e.;! Iii\er. its innnlh 
 l.ieing thirty-four miles lielew that (.f the lil luihe : 
 the course of the .Montreal isalmut one humlreil and 
 twenty miles noith-wi'-t. ami it eemniuiiie.iles with 
 Lake Tenia nea mill :^ue' : this lake enmiiiunieate- with 
 Lake Nipissiiii:' by Siuriieoii l{i\i'f. The whole 
 country between k.ike Nijiissinii-. the r>i\er .Mon- 
 treal. ;ind till? iiiver ()itaw,-i, i- iiiter-ecti'd l;y i-hains 
 (d' lakes o|' varinii- size-, all coliimiinicatine; toovther. 
 
 Till' next tribniai'v. on the e|i|iii-ite. or Lower 
 Canada side, is the Kee|ia\\a-~i|iiii. -ix miles lower 
 dnwn. This i-, at [ire-eiit. tiie m\ steiiniis ii\cr of 
 Caiiail-i ; ;is mysteibnis as tla? sources of the' Nile or 
 the Ni;:er. j\ll we know is, that it |irnceeds from a 
 large lake. I'liewn a- L;d<e Keepawa ; thai when it 
 |ea\es this lake il i- three' luiiidic^d feet wide, and 
 very deep, liowin^i;- with a slow and iie:-e|iss eiiireiit. 
 Between this lake and the month ef the iim'I-, \er\ 
 little is kiiowii of it- coiiiso. The diirerence in level 
 lietweeii this river ami the Ottawa has been \arioiis]y 
 estimated, some people sayi.ig that ;itashorl distance 
 fieiii its niouth. there i.s a cascade (pf a hundred ,'iml 
 twi'nty feet in heinlit ; the writer p.assed the month 
 (d' the Kcepawji. at about half a mile distance, hut 
 saw nothinp of any such cataract, nor lie.ird any 
 aiiytliiti^- like the roar, which tiie (all o|' .such a vast 
 body of water would certainly occasion. This river, 
 and the lake from xvhieli it proi'ceds. are connected 
 with a chain of smaller lakes, from one of which 
 
 ■1' 11 K () T T .V \v .\ . 
 
 ocecdsthe Hiver Du Moine. which disehar«fes itself 
 
 pre 
 
 into the Ottaw.i a hnmlred miles lower down ; the 
 I)ii Moinc is a hundivil and lifly feet widi' at its exit 
 from the Kcepawa lakes, and its course in one diree- 
 tioii. and th.it of the Keepaw.i-siji[)i in another, from 
 a common oiii^in. present a phenomenon similar to 
 tie connection of the (irinoco and Kio Negro. 
 
 At the ontlet of Jiiike Temise.-iming is the Long 
 8aiilt Itapiik six miles in length, and succeeded 
 by .aimiher l.e.aiitilitl cNp.iii-ioi, of the ( )tta\\a known 
 as the Seven l,eai;iie Lake; into which the Antony. 
 a small stream, empties itself, oil tile Sontll side; 
 and is sitrreiiled 1 1_\ a foriiiid.able rapid, the Mcin- 
 lai;iie. .iiid tiiat .at a short di-taiire by aiiolber daii- 
 geimis rapid, the Des i'lrables ; at the foot of this 
 rapid oil tin north .-idi'. the IJixer Nottawissi dis- 
 ehali;i'> it,-ell'w;tll a fall of lHi\ feet, and ,a Volume 
 of water c'liial te I'lat e|' tlii' celebrated .Monlnioreiici 
 Fall, at (luehe,.. 
 
 Till' next rapid i> the C:\\ e nr r'ell.ai- ; then Comes 
 the .M.itawaii. jn-1 ::lin\r the iiioiith of the rixerid' 
 the -, line name. Tin- ri\ ei' iiin- in a westerly direc- 
 ti'Mi. .and is separated b\ ;i ••linit piiit.ai!e only from 
 L.ake Nipi.--in- : ihi- i> the rmite taken by the o|li- 
 reis .-ind V'ly.ageni's nf the Hudson U.ay Comp.aiiy in 
 gniiiM tu the far West, and is the shnitest ami most 
 difei 1 mute from Lower Canada and the Kastein 
 Slate> lif the .\inerii ill IJepublir In Lake Superior 
 ;inil the Paeifie Ocean. Tin- ri\er. Lake Nipissing, 
 
 and IVeili ll l!i\er. dileitly eohHert the Olt.lW.'l willl 
 
 Lake llnieii. and in thi- direition. e\ riitiially. will 
 pas.-. b\ railroad m- eatial. the whele tialfn- ln'tweeii 
 the -1 abiianl of the imitli-we-tei n I'liited States , and 
 the Life.al Lakes. ;iml so iiltimatel\- to the I'.iejlie. 
 
 The next rapid is the l>c\eille. folleued by the 
 Troll, .it the head i.f which, on the .North, is the 
 meiilh nl' the Magiia-sippi. a small stream, and the 
 Ibipid Denx lliviiies. whirli has tluee distinct 
 
 falls. This r,i|iiil i- sina ded t'V the foiinidablo 
 
 falls known as tla; lloi lier.Capii.iiiie. in which also 
 there are three falls; the central fall in ils wild and 
 piitiiii'.-i[Ue grandeur, its great extent, the rugged 
 ma-se- nf rmk by wliieli the water is broken, and 
 the great \idocity of it- d.ark and deep current, 
 presents one of the most magiiiiiceiil views on the 
 river. 
 
 Below till' Ro( her Capitaine. on tlie north .side, is 
 the mouth of Bear l»i\or. and three miles below that, 
 on the same side, the mouth of the Du Moiiie ; on 
 
 ^ 
 
T II K T T A W A . 
 
 Ilic soiilli siilo an' llie inniillis nf Grant's Creek ami 
 Brniiell's Creek, and then we have tlio Uapiil Doiix 
 Joarliini. 'I'liis is a treni(;ndtnis rapid, throu^li 
 wliirli no erilis nf timber can pass witlmnt liein^' 
 sniasluMl to pioi-es ; in nnler tn a\tiid tiiis ra|iid, tin; 
 Provincial Guvenimont const rm-ted slides ami dam- 
 at a very consideialiie expense. Here, clox' hy tlio 
 rapid, nn a point which piHjjeets into tin' ri\cr, at 
 the head el' a hmii' and splendid '-reach" nC the Ot- 
 tawa, known as Deep KiNer, stands (jne "!' ihe must 
 cnmiiirtalilc lldlels in Canada, imill l)y Mr. Tiherins 
 C'lllnii. as il may he called, mi the ver-c nf ci\ili/.;i- 
 ti<in, liir this i- tiie f'lirtiiest point on the Ottawa U< 
 wliich a mail ha-- is Hent ; during last year, a sleanu'r 
 wa.s huill iit Pcmlind^o and miw navi,i;ales twice ii 
 week hetuei'n that [ilace and Mr. Culliin's e.-talilish- 
 menl al the Den.K Joarlnm, and we dn not advise 
 tiinrists whii ai'c particular aheiit their iii'r.~unal cem- 
 I'dit,- til Mil ;iiiy I'nrther ; the progress can he only ac- ; 
 cnmiili.-hed hy a canm'. and the n\ime:'(ins rapids. 
 coni[ienine- tVoi(uent pnrtap'r K!!'.:'.k" \-.'lher travel 
 npwai-d a work oi's'une lalmr. !nd I'nr these who are 
 I'und 111' adventure and exrilenieid Unthing cenld lie 
 mure ile-irahie. The view tVeni the point on which 
 Mr. ('olti'n"s Hotel stand- is one of the linest in 
 Canada; the I'iver rnnsiu a perCectly sliai,e-ht direc- 
 tion liir I'ortv-thrcc mih'S. siiutli-ea,-t, hounded on the 
 north side hy a hi^h mountain chain, partially 
 wooded, and on the south by a richly wooded, and 
 i:raduall\- aM-endinir ranii" o|' hills, lesendding the 
 •• palisades" on the Hudson Uiver. 
 
 From the entrance of the Ottawa into Lake 'I'cm- 
 iscaminjr. to the end of that expansion, is sixty-seven 
 miles; the Lino- Sault Itapid is six miles; Se\en 
 Leae-ue L;d<e is seventeen miles; ami then the suc- 
 cession of rapids to the Denx doachim ahout lifty 
 miles ; the total di.-lanre from the foot of Like 'l"em- 
 iseandne' to Ihe City of Ottawa heing ahout two 
 hundred miles. 
 
 From the foot of the Deux .loachim Kajtids to the 
 foot of rpper Allumetic Lake, another ex[ian-ion of 
 the Ottawa Uiver, two miles helow the village of Fern- 
 broke, i^ an iininterrnpteil reach of deep and naviga- 
 ])le water. Iioumlcd by mou\itains on the north siJe,ii 
 thousand feet in height, while the Allnmetle Lake is 
 .studded with innumerable beautifully wooded Islands, 
 the wh(de scene Car snr|iassing in gramlenr the cel(>- 
 braled 'riiiiusand Islands of the Kiver St. Lawrence. 
 Fas-ing the short Itapid of Allumette. and turn- 
 
 ing noithward round ihe lower end of Allumcite 
 Island, which is liiurteen miles long, ami eight wide, 
 and then turinng to the .smdlw^ast, we eider ;inotlicr 
 expansion of the Ottawa, passing under the name of 
 Lake C<donge, tit llie end of which the channel is 
 again divided by Calumet Island, in all a reach of 
 navigable water for lifty udles. The mouidains 
 which border Lake Colongc on the ica'th rise to an 
 api)aront height of fifteen hundred feet, and the 
 scenery generally is very beatitiful and varied. 
 
 In the F[>per Allumette Lake, on the Upper Can- 
 ada side, is the month of the Fetawawec, one of the 
 largest and nmst inqiortaid tribidaries of the Ottawa, 
 being amplv provided with the lim'st timber, one 
 hundred and forty ndles in length, and draining an 
 area of two tlion-and two hundreil square miles; 
 nine miles below this, on the same side, is the month 
 of Indian Uiver, !i small stream. 
 
 At the head of Lake Colongc, on the north side, 
 is the mouth of the DIack llivi'r, one humlred and 
 thirty miles in length, and draining an area of one 
 thousand oiieMiundred and twenty .-iiuare miles ; and 
 nine mile< lower, on the saim' side, is the moidh of 
 the Coloiige, believed to be one hundred ami sixty 
 miles in length, draining an area of one thousiuid 
 eight hnndi'cd square ndles. Doth rivers [iroduce 
 the linest pine timber. 
 
 From the head of the Calumet Falls to t!ie Village 
 of Portage du Fort, there are impassalde rapids, the 
 scenery being the gramlc.-t that can well be imag- 
 ined. These ra^iids arc about six ami a half ndles 
 long, and the tindier is taken past them by means ol" 
 slides, constiucted in the most solid manner and at a 
 .'■reat expense. The rapids on the soutii side of the 
 Calumet Islands ;irc called the llocher Fendu ; the 
 primi[>al i-apids on the north >ide arc the (Irand 
 Calumet, the Derange, ami the Sables. 
 
 Fortagc du Fort is a pretty and llourishing vil- 
 lage, situated on a light, sandy .soil ; there is an cx- 
 eellenl jilank road leading from it to the head of tin; 
 Calumet Ilapids, from which poiid a steamer runs to 
 Pcndnoke, a ilistance of thirty miles. 
 
 It mavbe observed here that, on the arrival of the 
 sti'amer Oregon at a poiid on the Upper Canada 
 side, nearly opjiosite I'ortago du Fort, there is a way 
 of reaching Pendn'oke by an excelleid wagon mad, 
 which brings the traveller to ;i small steamer plying 
 on Muskrat Lake, which takes him to within a 
 short distance of Fend)rokc ; the travelling public 
 
6 
 
 T UK T T A M' A 
 
 i 
 
 by lliis route is iiHlcliteil to ^h: Gould for tlio con- 
 venionce wliicli it iilVonls. 
 
 Loaviiij;' Portage ilu Korf in tlie Oropiii stcaiiior. 
 wo soon arrivo at a scries of rajiids called Les Che- 
 naux (Cliaunels) ; the river is lier(> divided into sev- 
 eral eliaiuiels by a \aricty nl' small islands, covered 
 with wi'iid. between which tlie water rushes with 
 ffri'at swiftness, 1ml unless in the verv hii:h water of 
 early spring, the steanu'r l)i'easls the cinrent gal- 
 lantly ; the Chenaux Kajiids are at tlu^ head nf Lake 
 Les Chats, a boautil'ul exiiansion of th.' river. The 
 origin of the name of this lake has nccasicined simu' 
 eonlroversy. ll lia-^ hoen said thai (heeaily Vicneli 
 voyagfui's nu'ndy tr;inslnted the Indian name, and 
 that the Indians had so caileij the lake and the rapids 
 atitsfnut IVcni the fact that the Wild Cat was a 
 C'lmmon iidiahitant of the neighburing forests; — 
 other.- will have it that it was named from the Idos- 
 snm of a shrub, hearing a resianlil.Mnee to the '•catkin" 
 of till.' old world, the - [uissy-cat " cil' cnuntry chil- 
 dren in Kngland ; — otUei's say that it derives its 
 nanu' fmui the resenddanco of the rapids to the e.\- 
 tendi'd rl;iws iif a cat; we do unt pretend td settle 
 the CMutrover.-y. but intlino to think that tln' first 
 reason is the more probable. 
 
 Lito Lake Les Chats are diseh.irged nn the I'piier 
 Can.nla side the ]»iver ISnnne-Chere, about mie hnn- 
 di'ed and ten miles in length, ilraining an area of 
 nine hnmh'ed and eighty sipnire nules ; the Mada- 
 waska. one of the largest (d'the tributaries, two luai- 
 dred and ten miles in length, draining an area of 
 four thousand one hundred sipiare mih^s ; and the 
 Mi-^sis-sippi, one hundred and dUO ndles long, drain- 
 ing an area of ene thousand one huiulred and lil'ty 
 square miles. These are three nf the lai'gest tindier 
 produeing tributaries of the Tpjicr Ottawa. 
 
 Lake Les Chats is ;dj(Uit sixteen rnilo lung, and 
 varies in breadtli fmm mie to fmr ndles. The 
 scon(u-y is very pretty, a number nf .-mall, wooded 
 islands being scatteri'd over its placid siufiee, and 
 from the fact that the lake i.- perfectly straight, they 
 are all in tin; fl(dd of vi>i(Ui at onee. 
 
 At the foot of Lake Les Chats the navigatien o\' 
 the Ttiver Ottawii is again tot;dly arrested by a 
 series of remarkable rapids, from winch the lake 
 derixcs its name. The whole voluun' of water in 
 this great river, here not far from a, nnle wide, is 
 barred in :i diagnrnd direetion by a huge ledge of 
 liiiiostone rock, over which the water pours in white 
 
 fiaui. and with a stunning noise, from a height of 
 fifty ti'ct, in thirty-three distinct falls in high water, 
 and in (Ifteen. wluui the water is low during the 
 Summer heats. These falls are separated byi.^land.s. 
 ^lany ef these cataracts are highly pietMresipie ; 
 over cver\ one ef them ther*! pours a velume of 
 water, at least e(|ual to that contained in tlu' Teign, 
 Dart, I'v Tav_y, in Devonshire, live nnlcs liom their 
 mouths, Mach -ep;irale cascade, if in Knglaml. would 
 attract as many visitors as the cclcbratiMl fall of 
 Liidore, which is a mere rain-w.ater sjiout compared 
 with Les Chat<. The beauties i<( tliese falls can all 
 be.<een at oiice, as the Kmerald Steamer pa.-^scs >|(jwly 
 ahmg them, from l''it/.roy llarber on the I'pper 
 Canaila siih' to the wharf at the other extremity of 
 the falls in L^wer Canada. The great beauty ni' 
 thcM' falls i.-. that all IIU' mi ks between the cascades 
 ar(> covtMcd with trei'S. many of them id" great size, 
 and till.- gives them the ap|iearanii' of islands. 
 
 C)n one nl' these falls, nu the Lnwer Canada side, 
 stands the magniliceiit Saw "Mill, recently erected by 
 J. hu Kgan. Km|.. M. 1'. P.. tbr the County .if Pou- 
 tiac, which, with the lu'cessary dams Ibr ensniing ii 
 supply of water, n<i^i C HUKMI. 
 
 It is uiiw time Id (h'srrilie the nuide in which this 
 fdrnnilalile dli.-truction to the naxig.itinn is overcome. 
 On laiiiliuL;' li'dui the steamer at the Ibut of kake Les 
 Chats, wi' llml nurscdvcs on a cdinenient wharlj and 
 arc presently invited Id take eur seats in an open 
 carriage, drawn by twd Imi'se-. tandem fashien. and 
 soon find nurseKc- liavelling at a pretty >haip trot 
 aldug a railway tra( k. This extraordinary railway 
 is buiil across the barrier of rock on jiiles of siprared 
 trees; llics(> tiies ha\i' bi'en laiil across each ether 
 hiiri/dutally and bingitudinally. in alternali' layiu'S, 
 until \]](\ reipiired height was dlitaim>d ; in order 
 that till' track ni.ay be level, it has been necessary, in 
 many plai'cs, td r.aise the jiile el' timber over twenty- 
 live feet lidiii the greund ; there is no railing or 
 fence of any descii[itidn at the side, but during sev- 
 eral vears that this ('xtraoidinary road has been iu 
 operatien. no accident has ever occurred on it, such 
 has been tin' care and eautidu with which it has 
 been managed. 
 
 On arriving at the other end of the railroail. vvhieli, 
 by the way, is three miles long, we (ind that we have 
 to descend a long lliglit ef .-tairs td the wharf Ijelow ; 
 these stairs are built in a warehouse bidonging to 
 the steamboat company, and are necessary because 
 
 i 
 
 1^1 
 
T n K T T A W A 
 
 
 SE 
 
 there is aliout seventy feel nf (li(T(>roiico bctweon tlie 
 level ol'tlie i-.iilroiul iind tliat of the river below. 
 
 Dosccndini;- Ihesi' siiiirs we find ourselves on a 
 liiri;o wliiiri' alongside whieh lies flie steamer Kiuer- 
 
 At a sliort distance below Aylnier the Ottawi 
 
 begins to elose in and the streti 
 
 mi to beceine ra 
 
 pit 
 
 ami turbulent. The interniiiliou to the navigation 
 
 continues for ujiwards of five miles, in wliich we find 
 
 lid. oil wiii( li we embark and steam at a rapid pace three sliort but distinct rapids, tlie Du Cbene, the 
 
 Lake Du Chene : Remmoks, and tlie Little Ciiaudiere ; these rapids 
 
 scent of about sixty feet over a 
 
 lleWll 
 
 down tli(( beautiful lal\e k 
 
 or Lake Ciiaudiere, to Aylmer, ji pretty village on havi' tou' tl 
 
 the Lower Canada side, ciglit miles from the City of bed of dark limestone, until at loiigth the mighty 
 
 slix'am pours in thunder over tlie rocks wliich arrest 
 
 nwmvani 
 
 Ottawa ; at A\ liner the steamer stays her d 
 course, on ai^coiuit ef several rapids below, and the 
 passengers are brought into Ottawa by omnibuses, 
 over a very -iiiooth and oxcellcnt Macadamized read. 
 
 We may here meiilion that at tlii> pivsi'iit time 
 tlie government ef Ciiiiad;! is cutting a eaiial thmugli 
 (he rncky barrier at the Cliats, wliirb will be com- 
 pleted ill about two years; this canal will thou di- 
 rectly coiinecl the waters of Lake du Chene and 
 Lake des Chats, and will form a link in a chain 
 of inland water I'ouimunicatinii eoniiectini'- the St. 
 Lawrence with the waters of llie Up[ior Ottawa, as 
 far as (be great eiistructioii presented li\' the Cahi- 
 niet Rapids. 
 
 .Inst below tbe Chats Rapids, on (be South side, is 
 (he moudi of (be Carp, a small stream, at a village 
 named FKzroy Harbor, and aliiio.s( imiiiedia(elv op- 
 posi(e. on the north side, in (lie township of Onslow, 
 is the nmiidi of (In; Ouio, also a sni.all river, but one 
 impnrtaiit in (be annals of Jumbering, as it produces 
 some of the i:io.«t magnilicont while pine timber in 
 t.ie world. Tlie whole lumber trade >d' (his river is 
 in the hands nf (he great linn, Kgan ^: Co.. who are 
 the absolute owners of twelve (lioiisand acres of bind 
 on its banks, and Inn c mills and large establishments 
 at its iiioudi. 
 
 The Ciiaudiere Lake is about tliir(y miles in leiigdi, 
 winding sonthw.ird (owanls its upper end, and is 
 from one to (wo miles in l'read(h. The land hu (he 
 first ten or tw(dve miles, from Ottawa City, on the 
 Fpper Canada side, is remarkably (iue, and well set- 
 (h'd and cultivated ; (here are .some line farms alonff 
 the river side, and some gentlemen's liou.ses. with 
 large ranges of outbuildings, a fact conveying a high 
 idea of what nature lias done for (liese truly lie.iuti- 
 ful (ownships. Beyond this, and towards (he Cha(s, 
 the south coast is low. and the soil not so good, 
 being ligh( and sandy, but is very superior a lidle 
 further back; on the Lower Canada shore the soil is 
 also excellent, and on the road from Ottawa to 
 Avimer and above it. 
 
 its progre.ss at the City of Ottawa, forming the well 
 known Ciiaudiere Falls. 
 
 At (he easterly boundary of the city, the Rideau 
 pours over a high rocky bank into the Ottawa, on 
 the IJpiier Canada side; this river has a westerly 
 course for one hundred and sixteen miles, and drains 
 an area (d" one tlaiusand three hundred and filty 
 square miles. 
 
 About a mile lower down, on (he Lower Canada 
 side, is (he mou(h of (be Gadneau. (he largesl ui' all 
 the known tributaries, and itself recei\ing tributa- 
 ries which would be calleil great rivers in any coun- 
 try but (his ; one of them, (be Jean de Terre, is 
 known to have a course of one hundred and seventy 
 miles. The Gatineau is (olerahly well known for 
 about two hundred miles of i(s course, but (he re- 
 mainder. suppo.-;ed (o be (wo hundred and f'orly miles 
 more, peiie(ra(es iii(o the unkiinwii northern forests. 
 A( (wo hundred and .sevend en miles from its mouth, 
 the furthest point surveyed, (he (iadneau is .still a 
 noble stream, at least one thousand feet wide, dimin- 
 ished indeed in de[ith, but little in width. Tlu^ 
 Gatineau is su[iiiosed (o drain an area of twelve 
 thousand s([uare miles, and from the great volume 
 (d' its water.s, no doubt discharges those proceed- 
 ing I'naii some large, but ;is vet unknown, inland 
 hikes. 
 
 A small river. La lilancbc. is discharged at a few 
 miles below the Gatineau. and again a few miles 
 below (hat is the numth of the River Au\ Lievres, 
 having a course of aliout two liundre<l and sixty 
 miles, and connected with a chain of small lakes, 
 which are diemselves connected with (be River St. 
 Maurice, another large, wild stream, which unites 
 with the St. Lawrence at the old town of Trois 
 Rivieres, halfway between Montreal and Ouebec. 
 
 The next tributary is the North Nation, and al- 
 most opposite, on (he Upper Canada side, (he South 
 Nadon, each s(reain ha\iiig a course of about one 
 hundred miles. 
 
 {"^ 
 
8 
 
 T II K OT T AAV A 
 
 l)i.'l(i\v Iho Niirtli Niitinii is Iho uunilli dl'tlie Kivcr 
 Etiujic with ;i roui'Sf dl' ninety iiiiios, aiui liolow that 
 tlif Kiv(>r (in Ndid, with a luimso oI' (Hio huudrcil 
 ami sixty miles. 
 
 Nu ti'ilmtaiy now ncciiv.s until at a ((uite slmrl 
 (listaiu'O from the nmutli of Iho imrthein hrancli of 
 the Ottawa, hcldw thr Island nl' Montreal, it receives 
 the River L'Assuni[iticin, having a course el' one 
 hundred and thirty miles. 
 
 From the City el' Ottawa the river is n;ivi<j;alile 
 for steamlieats till we reach Grenville, tirt\-ei;;lit 
 miles l)elow, wliere the navigation is interru[ile(l hy 
 a rapid twi'lve miles in leni:th. This raiii! is avoided 
 by a sueees.-ion dl'eanals censtrneted hy the military 
 engineers ol' the Iniiieiial (mim rniuent ; these canals, 
 made many years a^n, are net snlliciently hu;ii'e le 
 accemnmilate the sti^amers idling hetween Menlrcal 
 and the City of Ottawa. I'ntil lately jjassengers wi re 
 een\eyed acmss the middle distance. o\er the worst 
 read in the I'revince, hy stages ol' tin; niesl nnconi- 
 liatahle desciiptinn ; ihia'e is new a railroad, which 
 Avill eventually linni |iart ef the line jaejecti'il I'rem 
 ^Jentreal tn Ottawa City, a fact which eomluces een- 
 siderahly tn the I'emfnrt ol' |iassengeis. On le;iving 
 the rail oar at Caiillnn, ihc traveller lind;; himself 
 Steaming down tin' Ottawa, and there is no further 
 oli.-truetien te the na\igatien. except the short lapid 
 at St. Anni''s, Avlfndi is a\iii(h d hy mie leik, on the 
 math siih' ; the steamer then pmceeds till tin.' ptdnt 
 is reached at which the ceidluenee of the Ottawa 
 with the St. Lawrence takes place, forming Lake 
 St. Liiuis. at the western extremity of the Island of 
 Montreal. The steamer disenihaiks her passengers 
 at La Chine, nine miles from ilnntn al, which they 
 reach by rail. 
 
 The maiti stream of the Ottawa is divided into 
 three, by the interMaitien id' Isle Jestis and l.sle 
 Montreal. The br.anch wliiili passes between the 
 main land and Isle Jesus, ami that which jiasses 
 between Isle Jesus ,iinl Isle Miaitreal, are full of 
 rapids, passing under various names. Init tin.' north 
 branch is the channel by which all tin; Ottawa lum- 
 ber finds its way to Quebec ; this branch is ahout 
 thirl^'-one miles long. It caiumt, therefore, be .said 
 that the waters of this great river are llmdly merged 
 into those of her greater sister until the jitnctioii 
 of the two northern litanclics, at IJout de I'lsle, one 
 huinlred and thirty miles from Ottawa City. 
 
 It is evident that the most iiromineut characteristic 
 
 of the Ottawa is its great volinne; the great length of 
 its tiibntaiies.ainl the laige extent of the area which 
 the\ drain, is a sidlicient proof that thi'V form the 
 discharges ol' large inland lakes, lying at and around 
 tln'ir own head waters, in tli.il unkimwu and uin'X- 
 ploreil (lauitry in which also are the feeders of the 
 St. .Maiiriie ami the Saguenay. l']\en above the 
 ('it\ of Ottawa, though it has then to recei\e liiiiu- 
 taries e(pial to the lind.-on. the Shaiuioii, tin' Tweed, 
 the Spe\'. and the Clyde, it ilisplays. where uncou- 
 lined, a wiilth of half a mile of strong. Iioiling rapid 
 and in Spring, when tin' waters of the ri\er are at 
 their highest, from the rains and the melting of thu 
 Northern simws, an approximate calculation shows 
 that the \idunn' of water [lassing over the Cliau- 
 diere l''alls, is ci|n;d l(p that of the great wonder of 
 the world at Niagara, or doiilile the coinnnai \olnme 
 of the (ianges. 
 
 .Many snniU streams ami (icek.-- whii h em|dy 
 Iheinselvi's into the Ottawa have not lieen meu- 
 tioneil. hut il' fourteen oidy of the hot kiniwii trilui- 
 taries are taken, it will I'c seen that they ciailaiii 
 more than threi' tlmnsand miles of cuinse, ami drain 
 an imim n.-e area of ceiinlry ; many of these trihuta- 
 rii's are lipiiger ami larger than many of the longest 
 and large.-t of ihe rivers of I'Inropi'. and any one of 
 them llowing in a country of tlii' oM world, wnuld, 
 long lac this, have beconie fainon.~ in .-laig. in story, 
 ami in .ail. 
 
 In a general view the \'alley of the Ottawa is 
 a rciiinii <ai;lit tinnv- the extent of N'ernniiit. ti'ii 
 times that of Mass.acliuselts ; it is drained hy a nohio 
 river c(|iial to the Illiiiie ill ils length of coiu'se, ami 
 to the Oanulie I'n nia;.;nltude ; tin' greater part of 
 this noble valley is <-overcd with a luxuriant growth 
 of forest trees, particularly of red and white pine; 
 the harder womls exi-l in abiiiid.iiice, but owing to 
 the grealii' piolit hitherto to lie derived ji-ipui the 
 mannliictnre of white and roil pine, little alti'iitiou 
 has lii'eii paid to oak, ash. (jr elm ; the soil is in 
 general of excellent (|uality. and all the lnwiisliips 
 bonle'.ing ell tin; river, and baik on the course of 
 several of the triliutarics. are very fairly settled. 
 This immense tr,u t overlies a variety of geidogical 
 forinalioii.s, and inesenls all their ch.ar.acteristies, 
 from the level uniform surliice of the silurian .svstem, 
 which prevails .■iloiig a gi'eat extent of the south 
 shore of the Ottawa, to the rugged and romantic 
 ridges in the mctanmrphic and primitive formations 
 
 4 
 
 
 m 
 
THE OTTAWA. 
 
 which sti'ctrh far iiWiiy to tlio imrth imd north- 
 west.* 
 
 or the glorious forest scenoiy, it is huvdly iieccs- 
 saiy to s|i('al<, for every oiu^ lias heiiril oi' it ; there 
 may he more hi'aiil}' of form in the graceful mikI 
 feathery jialm, in tho l'nij;raiit iiiaj;iiolia, the hoasl of 
 tropic climes, liiit whether in the stern ami gloomy 
 
 • Wiili! tlio imineroua iiiiil iiiiiid tributary stroiinis afl'oril wiitcr- 
 powcr siitliciciit for nil tlio factories of the world. 
 
 grandeur of the pino forests, or in the exciuisito 
 
 beauty of cohiring that distinguishes the hard w 1 
 
 furores wlieii autumnal I'rosts have lighted up their 
 leaves with all the splendors of crimson and gold, 
 or a comhination of tliem all, when the dark green 
 foliiige of the pines forms a hiickgronnd to the 
 scarlet maples; — hut then, truly then, there is 
 notliing in nature more grand or heautiful, no seeno 
 more lovely, than a Canadian forest in the autumn 
 tide. 
 
 
V n A P T K 1{ I 1 
 
 TllK CITY ol' OTTAWA. ITS lll-^TuKV AM> ClIOWTIF. — Till', TI!AliK nr TIIK VAI.I.K\. 
 
 
 The pi'i'sonl City nf Ott;i\v;i. — it only cliMiini^il its 
 iiaiiie ;ilio\U eiulil lUdutlis iij:(i, liy virtin' of an .\d 
 ofParliiuiH'iit. ami is still ticttcr kiinwii to lliis day 
 as liytiiwn. — was fimiMlt'il alnnit tlic year IS'JT, in 
 consequciici' nf tlic (li.'tei'iniiialinu dl" tin- Ini|n'i'ial 
 Cdxci'nnii'nt. In uprn an inland water (•duinnniica- 
 iic'ii with (lie rpiii'i' Lakes, in order, that if. at any 
 I'litnre [leriod. there should be war with the United 
 States, i'lnuland wonld possess the nie;iiis ol' tians- 
 poi'tinii' trod]!-, auinninition. and pi'oNisinns, hy a 
 route lie^-ond the power of interrujition hy tiie 
 oneiny. It derived its nanii' of Bytowu fmui Colonel 
 By, the oHieer otthe Ivoyal Engineers eliarii'ed with 
 the constrnetion ol'tlie canal necessary to ellici tlii^ 
 coniinnnieiition, ami was at first a mere eulleetion of 
 temporary wooden lniildini;s, erected to ser\o as 
 ollieers' rpuirters. harracks fur the Royal S,-i]i[iers 
 and -Miners, store-lionses. and oHices. 
 
 The first grant of land on the Kiver lUtawa was 
 made in the year 1G7 I. under the idd fiench rrgimi\ 
 to .Monseiiiaieur Francois de Laval, llishop of (,>iie- 
 bec, in what is now the eoiuity of Two .Mountains, 
 but it was not settled for many years after. Lon^' 
 provious to this iirant the ftftawa iliver had been 
 .'.xplored hy the French, who had made their way up 
 this noble stream to the Matawaii. and them;e by 
 way o\' Lake Xi])issinu- and French liiver. to |,ake 
 llui'on. The waters and -bores of the Ottawa wens. 
 
 Tin' first pernnincnt settlement on the Ottawa, 
 near tlie present city, ajipears to have lieen that 
 made by PliilenHni Wright, a nati\e of Woburn in 
 Massachu-etts. who emigrati'd from that State in th(> 
 year 180(1. and settled at IhdI. a village on the 
 Lower Canada side, nearly opposite Ottawa. .Mr. 
 Wright may be called the liither of the Ottawa 
 country. It is a singular fact that :i female relation 
 of Mr. Wright, lamled froiu the canoe, when tiie 
 adventurous settlers brought theii' hnig \oyage to a 
 close, cut down the first tree, in order to boil the 
 kettle for the evening meal, ami lived to be present 
 at the launch of the lirst steamboat, iuiilt to ply on 
 the waters of the Fpper Ottawa. TIh' Wiaglit 
 family received froui the go\ernnieut large grants 
 of land, and were the pioneers of the liinibrr trade, 
 having taken the first raft to ()ueiiec in the year 
 18(io. 
 
 From this date the settlenieaf of tlie Otiawa Ttiver 
 jiroeeedi'd with nioi'e or less rapidity, being to a 
 great extent inllueiiced by the lluctiiatioiis in ihe 
 demaml for timber, until the small settlement of Mr. 
 Wright, and a few made liy the l''rench Canadians 
 on the Lower Canada >ide. nearer to .Muntreal. has 
 e.xpandeil, ill the year 18"io, into several tlii(d<ly 
 settled counties, with one large and last ima'casing 
 city, and many populous villages. 
 
 The City of Otiawa is the most lieautifullv ^iluated, 
 
 in these early days 
 scene of many a lieivi 
 
 European settlement, the except (>>nebec. of any of the Cana<lian cities, and is 
 
 conllict between the Ott 
 
 awas 
 
 surroum 
 
 led bv the most magnificent sceneiv,strikin"; 
 
 and L'orpiois, two powerful Indian nations, the from its varieiy. and imposing from its sublimity. 
 
 French siding with the latter; and relics of tlieir 'fhe view from the top uf the IJarraek Hill i- iinsur- 
 
 fights. in the shape of iiroken swords, bullets, arrow- 
 heads, and rusted nre-arms, have often lieeii fiamd ; 
 
 1'' 
 
 il ill extent and beauty, 'fhis Mill 
 
 ri>es to a 
 
 gri'at height above tli(! level of the 
 
 river, wincii 
 
 a few .-pecimons of these old weapons are In be seen immediately overhangs, and is ne:irly in the centre 
 
 in the .Museum of the Mechanie,-' Institute in the 
 
 of the city. Staml 
 
 ws mi 11 we have in 
 
 City of Ottawi 
 
 broad 
 
 c-xpaii.se of the no 
 
 froiil th(> 
 do river, bearintc on its 
 
 ' 
 
 , 
 
T II F, n T T A W A . 
 
 u 
 
 , 
 
 ,' 
 
 lio'om tlio hugo ruriH, liko lloiitin;:; islaiids, thi' pro- 
 <lii('o (if our forest iinliislry; we soo the ridily 
 womli'd c'liiiiti'y oi)|iiisil(>, liacki'd liy tlio iiiiiiiiit!iiii 
 rliiiin wliicli x'pMi'iiti's (he \'ulley of the (liiliiieiiu 
 from tlie Valley ol' llie Ollnwii, and i- a simr ef that 
 Aast raiij;;o of iiioiinlaiiis, tin' hacklioiie (if Canada, 
 which sireliho far away thidiiiih tiie forest wihh'r- 
 iiesses 1(1 the iioiih of the S(. Lawrence, jiassiny 
 hchind Qnehi'c and reachiiiu the Saj^iieiiay. On the 
 ri^ht liand we liavo the Tiower City, on (he h I't (he 
 Uli]ior ('Kyis spicad helbro ns, stretcliin^i;' away in a 
 somewhat s(raj:ulin,e fashinn, till wo see (he last 
 Jiouses jiL'crinj^' over tiio tree l(i}is lUisa to the iSn.s- 
 liensioii IJridn'c which spans the ureal chasm into 
 which tho Cliaudicre rapids pour their niighty \dlnnie 
 <if water, and connectinff Uii|ier and Lower Canada. 
 The Snspensiiiii Ihidj^e is a very handsome s(ruc(uve, 
 eonsistinj;- of a plat form attaeheii hy wire rods (o 
 oiirht massive \\iic' cables, which, passint;' (ner (he 
 sunimils of four lai^ite pillars, haudsumely con-liiict- 
 cd of Trenton limoslime, :ire -ecui'dy fastened into 
 masses of masnniy ; the remainder ef the distance 
 acriiss the river, i- Inid^cd hy arches, from ruck to 
 rock. 'J'he Suspensiim ]>ridee was huill al (he 
 exjiense of the Provincial (idvernmonl, and cost 
 L'KljIirJ. A small lull ischai\L:cd on passion aiiinnils 
 and vchii les. hnt Imit passcuLicrs arc t.'Xcmpl. 
 
 Still standing;' on tiie liarrack Hill and lookiui; 
 (ivev th(^ Susiiensiiin Uridine, we see the Vdhuiics nf 
 mist and spray risini:; fruni the fi;reat ''haudiere. and 
 bcNond that the river a,i;ain o.\|iands to nniro (han 
 a mile in hrcadtli, and is studded over with many 
 wondcd islets. A more lieautifnl view i( is hardly 
 possible (o iiuaLiiiie ; in grandeur it is iniininr to 
 Niagara; there, the attention is drawn td une over- 
 powerinjj; ohject; here, with much of .suldinuty, there 
 i.s more of variety : ihe eve is not lidigued. hut wan- 
 ders friMn (inc uliject to anotlu'r. lindicL;' new lieaiilics 
 in each. The host general idea of what uniy he seen 
 from this pninl is re[)rescnled liy the illustration. 
 
 The City nf Ott.iwa may he said to occupy the 
 sununits of two hill.-, separated hy the Rideau ('an;d, 
 over which there is a sldue hridge of a single arch, 
 erected hy the Royal Kngineers at the time the cmial 
 was constructed; overliiis hridge the wlinle Ir;il1ic 
 of lh(^ Ottawa has miw tn pass, and that tr.dlic is 
 increasing se rapidly, that in no very long pei'iod the 
 consti'uction of another biidge will be im[ieraliv(dy 
 necessary. 
 
 Tho city has three natural divisjoii.s ; the Lower, 
 Central, and IIp[M'r Town ; and within the last two or 
 three years ipute another >uliurli has spnuig up close 
 to (he Chaudiere I'alls in eonscMpu'nce of the erection 
 tiiere (if several saw nulls, and a larire foundry. 
 
 In the liower Town ar(.' the [irincipal nu'rcaidilo 
 e-tablishiiM'nts ; the Court House and dail ; the 
 Roman Cathdlic Cathedral; the Nunnery, attached 
 td which is a liosjiital ; the Roman Ciitholic Cdllege ; 
 the residen(^() of the RdUian Catholi( ISishop ; tho 
 Protestant Hospital; (wo Protestant Chundies ; (he 
 oilice (if the Registrar of theCdunty; the ternnnus 
 (if the Presciitt and Ottawa Railway; the wharf at 
 which (he Mduti'eal and <M(awa <teamers land (heir 
 (Veight and passengers; Rritish lldtel. and many 
 others; also, the priiici[ial Public M;iikel. 
 
 Li CentralOttavva. of jmblie c-tabli-lunents, are, 
 tho dlllci' (if the Pmyal Kngineers. al whiidi all tho 
 linsi'iess (if tho Rideau Canal is cdudncled ; the I'est 
 OHice ; the .Me(lianics' Inslilute. Library, and head- 
 ing Room ; and, in the same building, the Library 
 ami (ieological Collection of the Silurian Society ; 
 tho City Hall, where the muiueipal corporation hold 
 (heir meetings ; (he Tcmpeiance Hall; (he Orange 
 Assdciadon Hall ; (ho T(degraiih Oilice ; the Methnd- 
 ist Church ; the Barracks, at which a small body 
 df pensidners is slatinued, and where is also the 
 re-id( nee and ullice df the slall' dllicer in charge of 
 the dislrict ; and a lir>l cla>> lldtel in cdiu'se nf 
 erection. This part o'' the city is rapidly increasing 
 in si/.o and impdrtauee. and centains the handsonn'st 
 hlo(d<s (if stone building- in the city. 
 
 In rpper Ottawa are, (lie l-lpiscopal Chundi, (he 
 ,Pre.-byteri;in Chunh ; a snndl Rimian Calhdjic 
 Cliapid ; the Crown Tim'ier Oflice : and tho Thealie, 
 a large building now in proce.-s of erection, and 
 conj[ileted, all bu( (he internal fittings. 
 
 TIk^ .streets in Ottawa are laid out with gnat 
 regularity, and (he ]iriucipal llioroughfare-. with 
 verv wide c.'irriage-vvavs, ^lacadami/.ed. and the side- 
 walks for foot passengers of am[ile width, and well 
 planked. In a new city as (his is. only very receidlv 
 enddwed wi(h sullicient muincip.il institutidiis, nuich 
 of jiulilic imprdvcment remains to be ellected. 
 During the last few months a (ias Ceniitany was 
 fdrmcd.and perhaps by the time this work has passed 
 (hniugh the press, the streets will lie lighted up; 
 the gas works are erected and most of the main 
 jiipes liuid. 
 
12 
 
 ■r II K () •!' '!• A W A . 
 
 Till- iiilialiitiiiils are sii|i|ilii <l with w.Avr lor 
 iii.iiniracturiii^ puriioscs, \\>r wa.-^liiiig, ami sci foilli, 
 IVmii thr river, iiuil tlicn- is im inner or liotter water 
 than thai ol' tlie (Ulawa, many iiersmi- |iivt'eniiig it 
 to that of tho wells for driiikiiie-, llio well water 
 heiiin- rather lianl. 'I'liere will be no dillit iiltv in 
 snii|ilvin^' the town hineal'ter, hy a system of water- 
 \\orlsS, from tho hii:lier level of the river above tho 
 city. The subject lia> been for some lime infore 
 till' niuniciiial anthorities, who have hail |ilan^ laid 
 before them. 
 
 .Vt the tinu' the last census was taken, in the year 
 IJ^-VJ, tliere were, in the City of Ottawa, l.'Jl'l 
 houses; 180 sliojis ami stores ; 1 1 srliools ; 7 I'nblic 
 bnildinus ; 8 iilaces of worshi|>. 
 
 In the three years that have ehqised since the 
 census Avas taken, many more buildin^is have been 
 erected, and of a nuieli better class; bnildini:- ma- 
 terial is far eliea|ier in the City of Ottawa, than in 
 any other city in the I'idvinet that we kimw of: the 
 tindierand the stone are at the doors. The .-tone is 
 a heautifnl hluoish-;:ray limestone, known to f^eolu- 
 e'i.sts as •' TiiMiton ■' limestone; is easily wmked. ami 
 duratde. inovided care be taken to ,ivoid working \\\> 
 the suiierfu'ial .f/ni/d ; stone is. in iiict, a cheaiier 
 bnildiiii;' material here than biiek. 
 
 'fhe i)o|inlalion of the City of Ottawa, aeeordinu' 
 to tlii> la.-l ecnsu.-, was 7. TOO sonis ; hut in tln' 
 opinion of jiarlies best qualified to judj;i>, it has 
 advanred to upwards lA' rj.lKlO ; .since the census 
 wa- l.aken, not only havi' a very ureat number id' 
 Imuses been bnilt. provinu' that much additional 
 aeeonimodalion was re(|uired. hut seM'ial very laruo 
 mills have been erected, liIn in;;- emphiyuimt to smiie 
 hundreds of men. iSesides this, there is a constant 
 stream of people passinj: throniih tho city, in the 
 fall and .sprine. of lumbermen pdng to their work 
 
 in the w Is. and in spring and summer returnini;- 
 
 willi their raits, all adding to tho trade id" the city, 
 and conseipiently to its jirospiTitv. 
 
 Of the immense trade (d' the Ottawa Valley, some 
 idea uiay lie formed hy the statement of a few facts. 
 
 One firm on the Kiver Ottawa, that of dohu Egan 
 and Company, eugjiged in the lumbering trade, do 
 business to the amount, annually, of from Clidll.UOII 
 to C"J")n,O0n. The usual average consumption of 
 this linn in produce, is from 8.0(11) to 12.(illO barrels 
 of [lork ; from lO.Oill) to 15.(100 barrels of Hour, and 
 from 75,000 to 00,0(10 bushels of oats and iirovemler. 
 
 To this, in proportion, mdst bo added tea, tob,iec(i, 
 salt fi-h. molasses, potatoes ; blankets, coar.se cloth- 
 ing, hats, hoots, inoi'casin>. and many [lersonal re- 
 (pti-ilc- for the men : hay ; a\e>. augurs, and other 
 tools; cooking and eating utensils; anidmrs. chains, 
 cordage, raft sails, canoes, and small llal-bottonied 
 boats, technically called '• bun>,' with many other 
 articles. 
 
 This same llrm conanouly gives einployun'nt to 
 alioiil 2,1100 men. whose wages \arv iiccording to 
 their capabilities, and to the dennind, from sSll 
 to s'Jtt a month, cxclusiNc of their pro\i>ious, 
 blankets, and the necosary imiihuueiits used by 
 them. Until the pa>l sea.son, when they declined 
 somewliat in c(msei|nence ol' the depres>ion iti tho 
 timiier trade, wage- h:id risen to such a pitch on 
 this river, as to bo ;ilmosl unbearable; many of the 
 highe-t class lumbermen receiving from :ii<21 to sjitoO 
 a month. 
 
 in a good sea-ou the linn of ,bdiu Hgan and 
 Comp.any eni[i|o\' l,0(i(i hur-es and oxen. 
 
 The great and wide-world known firm, ;\llan (<il- 
 nioiir and Company, of this city, do business to an 
 ahno.-t eipial extent, and Joseph Aumoinl, I'lsip, also 
 
 of Ihi- city, to about thr fourths ot' what is done by 
 
 (lilinmir and Coiniiany. 
 
 Dining the il\r yv.tvri ending in 1852, the three 
 firm-, i'lgan and Company, (iilniour and Company, 
 and .loseph Aumoud. paid to the l'rii\incial (io\ern- 
 ment, in dntie> nn the timber cut by them, in rent of 
 tindier limit-, and in slide dues. 1'I18.2;;2 \:\s. Id,/. 
 
 During a \ery few _\ears past, tin; lirm of Kgau 
 and Company expended npwanls ,if C25,(l(i() in 
 impro\iiig the naviuation of rivers on which their 
 Inndieriiig operations were carried on. 
 
 On one tiihntary alone, the (iaiineau, the nnuith 
 of which is nearly oiiposile the City of Ottawa, the 
 lirm of (lihnoiu' and Coniiiany cii^i-tantly employ 
 a thousand men, their axcrage consiimptiou being 
 L'lO.tnitl ,a year, for pork. Hour, grain, etc.. and their 
 ex|ieiidil\u(! in inipro\ enieiits mi this I'iver not less 
 than I'lO.OOO. and we lielie\e this does iml imdude 
 the cost of a stiiiiendous saw mill wliieh they have 
 recently erecti d. 
 
 Besides these, who may be called the princes of 
 the trade, there are scores of others ; the ^^•Donalds, 
 of 8and-l'oint ; Supple, of I'endnoke ; I'onpore, of 
 Chichester ; Conroy, of Ay Imer ; Ske.ad, of Ottawa ; 
 McLachlan, of Ottaw;i ; .John and David Brown, of 
 
 } 
 
 \ 
 
T UK (» r T A W A 
 
 i:i 
 
 
 llio Miidiiwaskii ; WiHi;iin Mniii'^. <il' tlic <;iiiii' Hvit; 
 llin Ainls, MiirCdiiiiclls, Miickiiys, Mdll'alts, ruslls, 
 Dixiiiis, Mrr.ird^. .Toliiisnii~, .McDhuumI, mnl ii host 
 iiKPi'n. lull ill! tliosc li(!r(! iiiiMiliMiiril 111!' iiii'ii liii'f;'oly 
 
 ,.||h;,|h;i>(1 ill tllC tl'llili'. 
 
 AiiiithiT Hid In show tilt' (!\li'iil ipC (lie livulc is 
 Ihif*. tliiit iliiriiif; sniiu' iiiiioly nv ii IiiiikIi'CiI diiys, in 
 till' wiiiliT sra-oii, .il'ti r siilliciiiiit siidu liiis liilloii to 
 iiiiiUi' liii' mails |ia,-siilp|('. soiiir Hm- liuiiilrcil ti'iiiiis 
 iil'luirsrs arc ilaily on llic mail. iia~siii;;auil ri'iiMS-ing, 
 (HI tlirir w.iy 111 ami IVniii llir Iiimln'riii^ olaMisli- 
 iii(!iil- aliiivi' llii' Cily III' Oll.iua. 
 
 \Vi' ilti mil can' In 'j:i> iiuidi inlii slali^lic;ll ilcluijs ; 
 (iiiv milv nliji'cl is 111 sliii.' tliiil tlic Irailc nf this 
 .scctimi III' I he iiMiiitry is ii. Lircal trade, luul an 
 iiu'icasiiin iiii(\ 
 
 Accnnliii'i Id rciiMil ri'liini-. In nmil u (imi miiiiitc 
 calciilalinii. ill rniniil iniiiilicrs, oy/c;///'/// nf llic wlmlc 
 re\(!iiiic i'\' llic |'in\iiicc is _\ icldcd liy (lie cx[inil 
 and iniimil tr;iil^ nl'tlie ()lt;i\v:i, iind llic Otlawalias 
 rcceivcil I'ar li -s nl' tlie licnclil re-iiHiiiu' IVniii (Ik; 
 oxiiemlidin' 111' llic |iiililic nimicx s, lliaii niaiiv [mr- 
 (inii.s III' the I'ldviiice. wliicli lire, in liid. a dead 
 wciiihl. claiiuiii'_' all. and rc(urniii,i; iiniii). (^ne Imii- 
 drcd ami >i.\|eeii tlmiis.iml |iiiiimls, was. in iniiml 
 nnnilicis. all IIkiI ihc nnai nl' Otiawa c\ cr nldaiiicd 
 fnr iiii|iin\i nieiils IVniii llic |'rn\iiicial Parliaiiunil, a 
 snni, li\' iimrc Ihaii l\\n ilinii-aml iiniinds, less lliaii 
 thai |iaiil iiiln Ihc rc\ciiiic hy lliicc Iniiilier llniis 
 nil Ihc livci, in live years; nill nf lllis sillil nilly 
 I'lil.nilli is iin|iindnclivc. 'I lie nn n nl' the (IKawa 
 
 |ia\ llie niie-lirih pari nl' Ihc rc\cniii tlnv ha\c 
 
 vecei\cd ihi! niic-rmiiclh pari nl' llic cxpcmlilnrc. 
 
 I'/llf Jllslilid, 
 
 It is i|iiilc (riic that a laic I'ailiaiin'iit lias \(i|cd 
 
 llinliev- I'nr Ihc i||ipin\enicli| nj' (liC liaxicalinll nl' 1 1|C 
 
 I'ivcr.ainl lliat under aide hands llinsc iiii[irnvcineiils 
 are cnini;' nn. iml as Ihc heiierit has nut ycl hecn 
 received, il is Inn early tn make ackiinwlcd^nicnls ; 
 and the Otiawa men liaxc e\cr inesciil licrmc Ihcni 
 Ihc I'acl.tlial while (lie [mhlie nmncys have alVnrdcd 
 CI iCi.OllO, I'or iinprnvini:' llicir imlilc slreanis. lli(>y 
 (henisches. nf Ihcir nwii pri\ale eiitcv|irise. ha\e ex- 
 pended ninre Ihaii a i|iiarlcr d' a niillimi nl' pnnnds. 
 The Ottawa may lie [n'nnd d' lier eliildrcii. I'nr Ihcir 
 own stnnt liearls and strong' anus have e;iveii her a 
 name in the laml. 
 
 ll III ly lie sal'clv calciilati.'d that there are emplnyed 
 on the Ottawa, in the luinlier trade done, 2(I,(IUU 
 
 men, anil thai (heir wac'es amount tn almiK mie 
 million and a i|nai(i'r iinimdH, (aureiny, a year. 
 
 The valiK" (iC |iroduee ex|inrted I'lnm (he Oltiiwa, 
 nearly all nl' whii li passes tliroiich (ho City, eannd, 
 at (his day, he less Ihaii niie millinii nf pniind.s in 
 
 value ; tl Ilii iai rdnriis I'lir IsVJ. placed the (rallic 
 
 alin\e Ihc cily at L'Sl I.")" I. hot il has wniidei fully 
 increased sim e (hal lime. 
 
 il is useless to ejive (he returns I'mm the Cn-lnni 
 House in tho Cily nC Ottawa ; they wniild (lirnw 
 V(!ry lilllc licld nil the trade, ina>iniiili as a very 
 c;rca( pnrtinn of llin-e ai'licles. -iiliicci (n duly, are 
 entered, and pay Hie duly in Mnntreal nr in I'rcs- 
 cdl. A ipiile recent arraiij:cniciit cnaldes [larties 
 (n InlWard ennds (n (his city ill hniid. 
 
 ir wo have nn(. in (lii^ civeii Hids, sdilcd ennii,;:h 
 (o slmw dial ill the mailer nl' (radc. Ottawa is a must 
 im[inrl:iiit and risinu- ci(y. we >hall lia\e -pnken in 
 vain. 
 
 In niannraetnres, IIkmo are iml cither a \er\ crcat 
 variety nr a great aumnid lo Imasl nf. There are, 
 Imwcver, a iinmhcr d' >iileiidid saw inill.s within the 
 eily limils, while mi llie river their nnmher is aluinst 
 •• lei:inii ;" l'".ean's, (iilmniu's, Harris and rimnsnii's, 
 Yniiii"' and \\'inirs, ThniniiMin's. I laniiltmr--. and 
 ndiers. heiiiu,- amniiu' I he lar^csl in Canada ; there are 
 ta iineries, I iroweries, distilleries, rnnndcrics.and in I'ael 
 alninst e\cry descri|ilinii nl' work can he dniie in this 
 eil V, a> well as il can he in aii_\ nihcr part d' Canada. 
 The eitv i"in hnast d' line Iri-weekly paiicr, the 
 '• Cdiiiuliidi ^f<'ll(ln■//i^/," which has alsn a weekly 
 eilitinii ; the Cil!.\-(ii, 7'iiiir-s\ 7'ri'ii'iir. and (i((}:vlli\ 
 weeklies. There are Iwn literary iii>liliitimis. the 
 .Ntei'lianies' Institute and the Frcii(di Canadian liisli- 
 tnlc ; (he latter has mily recently hecn eslaldished, 
 and uc knew little nt its iirneecdin-.- ; (ho fnriner has 
 hcen eslahlislied rnrsnine lime; lectures are delivered 
 weekly under its auspices, dnriiii: the winter inniiths, 
 and it pnssesscs an excellent Kcadiii.^' I!nipni, well 
 furnished with Kii,i:lisli, Canadian, and I'nilcd Stales 
 Jniiinals and I'erindicals, and a very I'.iir Lihrary. 
 Ill (he same rnnm is the Lihrary nl' the ••Salniiaii 
 SnciclN." rnrincd I'nr the pnrpnse nf prninntiiii;; 
 ji;cnl(n;ical science, and a small, hut very hcatitirul 
 illus(ra(ive cnlleetinn of evnlne-ical specimens; I'nr 
 (his (he people nl' Ottawa are mainly indehted (o 
 Mr. Billin.iTs, whose repulatinii as an acenmplished 
 U'eoloiiist, has reached idder countries than " this 
 Canada." 
 
 I 
 
14 
 
 T II K <t T r A W A . 
 
 The ^'iiMTiiiiinil Mj' thr Cily nj' Olliiwii is v.'stfd 
 in tilt' Immls of tin- .M;i\nr. Aiilii'iiion. iiihI ('it\ 
 Ci'iiiiiillorH. cli'cti'il iiinucilly \>\ tlic |it'ii|iii'. 'I'lio 
 citv iilsn rotiinis (iiio iiu'iuImt lo tlic I'l'iiviiicinl I'lir- 
 liiiiiiunt. 
 
 A V(My siiimU iiiilit;iiy liircc. sonic i\v('nly-li\o nnMi, 
 is stiitiipiiod licir. wlioso si'ivifi's mo availiihlc in iiiil 
 of tlio ii\il iMiwcr. l)u( sti i^ieiu'i'l'iil is llio city, tinit 
 tiit'V hiivo not yet bocn iviiuiruil. l>y a hmciiI Art 
 
 111' tlio I'liivinciiil I'liiiiiiini'iit, W'v l!ii> roorjjiiniziilioii 
 iil'tiii" Mililia orCinadii. Iliicc i unipaiiics of \olnii- 
 Icorswill lie onnillnj in iliis lily, ami yearly traini'd ; 
 I. no liattt'iy <>f liolil artiiloiy, and two cumiianiuH of 
 rilii',-, one huiidivd and seventy-six nnMi, in idl. 
 Thi'ic arc also tliroc vnliintcci' Kiio (.'imipanics, 
 ;d\\ay> on tlu! alcil. and liavin;: done g.nid sci\icc, 
 llaai;;!!, tiiitiiiiatrl_\ . tlii.- cily lias never ycl liccn 
 visited li\ iiiivlliinii liUo an I'Nicu.'-iNc c(inllaj;ruti(in. 
 
 
(• II A V T K U III. 
 
 'nil'', rilV iiK ulivut \\l. lliiW Td lli;.\< II II. 
 
 T.i;t iiM -iiiiiiinsi' thilt till' tmiHst 'l''-iri's tn m-Ac 
 |ii'i'si)iiiil ii<'i|M;iiiitaiiri> will) till! iKVKiti''- (iihI iIiu 
 iMlviiiita^i's 111' (lir Ottiiwa : riuiii tlio Cit\ of Nuw 
 ^'nrk, llir filMirr.il inilti' of |»loa8lirr llaM'l i- fill 
 Saratii^a. Nia^'ara, ilnwii (In' St. Lawniin' tit Ilir 
 
 Tl -ami islainls. p;i-siii;;- tlimu;;ii tin' 'I'liMiisiniil 
 
 Islands dnwu In Ojriini.shiiig, N. V.. m' I'lisi'olt, 
 (liri'itlv o|i|Misitr. nil till' CanailM .-linic ul' Ihi- St. 
 liiiwri'iici'. I'ri'siiilt is llio Ifriiiiiiiis ul' llii' Ottawa 
 mill I'li'snilt il.iilrnail. Distainf rrmii I'li'sripll In 
 Ottawa Citv, lillv-rmir iiiiirs, ovrr oin' nf tin' 
 8iiiiii>ilii'st, licst laiilt raili'oails mi tliu ninliin'iit. 
 Sii|M'iiiilriiili'iit. I'liinliictitrs, anil all pailii'S idiiiu'cIkJ 
 with (lii-^ roail air attentive, eliliLiin;.', ami alwayn 
 ready to alliinl any iiit'Di'iiiatinn lolaliveln lailnmds, 
 Hteaiiiiiiiat lines. etc., to parties wlm niaUe im|iiiiyet' 
 them Al'dr visilinif all the jMiiiils ol' inlere>t in 
 the iiiiim'di.ite viiinity oldltawa Cily, if Hie tiuiri.-t 
 desires to see tin' I'jiper Olltiwa, he must ini|iiiri' 
 whether that is tlii' day I'er llio ii|iwaril hunt. If it 
 is, he heaves Ottawa e,irl\ in Hie moriiinir, reuelies 
 Aylmer, a heMiilirul villa;;e mi liie Lower Canada 
 side III' the ii\er, after an hmir's drive, and there Hiids 
 the iMiierald steamer umiIv to let ^u I'rmii the wiiaif. 
 On his arri\al at the Cliats, he roaches the Iioad of 
 Lake ilu Cheiie. is transl'errecl tu tliat priinitivo rail- 
 way, iiiinkeii 111' liy us in our first eliapter, iiml 
 IiaviiiL,' ex|ierieiieed .some little trepidatiiui, as lirst 
 passeis o\ir ii .ilways do, reaches the wliarl' at the 
 low ere ml of Lake Glials, where the '•Orej;oii" is ready 
 I'm- hini. In the - Ore;;on " he ascends Lake Chats, 
 and |i:is~iiiif lla- heautiliil Chenaux, reaches Portajt'O 
 Dii l'"mt. Here he lias a elioice ; if he does not wish 
 to go any farther he can take his c'ar|ict-baijj to 
 .iniien's Hotel, a very uuod one by the way, and will 
 have .impii' time to look at the glories of the grand 
 Calnniet, one of the "' wickedest " rapids ou the 
 river; .sec the cribs passing through Hie .slides; 
 
 riillect some lieaiitifut Specimens of mica, coinliineil 
 Willi |ilds)iai'. and iplartz, and of llie lovely white 
 or pink .-tatmiry niarlde tu bo funiid in every direc- 
 tion ; have a g I nlglll'.s rest, and HtaVt by the salilO 
 
 -IciiilHM' mi his leliirii in Hie moiiiiiig. 
 
 The other plan is to stop at tioiihl's wharf mi the 
 rpper Caiiadii side of the river, si little before arriv- 
 ing at I'lirtage du Frnt ; take tlio wagon which will 
 be fmind waiting, drive over the Portage In .Muskrat 
 Lake, where there i< a small steamer, which, with 
 aiiiilher sliiirl wagmi portage, will bring him to 
 I'emliioke ; al I'eniliiiik ' he will sleep; there is .a 
 steamer, the '• I'mitiae,'' which will take him mi 
 some fully miles to Les Deii.x .loacliim. where, in 
 Mr. Tiberius Collim's most hospitable hotel, ho wiU 
 find hiiii.~elf perlectly at Iimiie, and at the e.xtreinily 
 of (i\ili/atimi ; il is the last Pnsl Ollice '.' If he be 
 Very \,ili:iiit. be indilli'rent In the dangers of rajiids; 
 able In dn his >liare in paddling or |iiirtagiiig ; have 
 a grim contempt fur all Hie lu.xuries o\' life, and a 
 fierce alVedimi fur pork and biscuit, and be aide to 
 |iriiciire a c.inm! and voyageiirs — then he can go 
 ahead; Mr. ( 'nllmi will see thai all the necessary 
 airaiigenients are made In enable him to make bis 
 way liir n|i the d,nk Ottawa. Then he can go mi, 
 see the wild IJncher ('apitaiiu!; the Deux llivieres, 
 the Cave, and the Mmitagiie ; see the beautiful fall 
 of the N'ntawissi, pass tlie mouth of the mysterious 
 Keepawa-sippi, and make his furthest upward camp- 
 lire ;it Hi(! head of Temiscamiiig. 
 
 l$ul we will snppnse that ymi have been adveii- 
 turmis enough to penetrate into the wilds where Iht 
 Majesty's iiniils do not reach, or, less valiant, that 
 you have renniiiiud al Portage Du Fort, ga/.ingynur 
 fill at the wniiders of the (irand Calumet, still you 
 have to come back again ; and. as tiir as the City of 
 Ottawa, you must return by the way you came. 
 Arrived at Ottawa, there is a choice before you. If 
 
i 
 
 16 
 
 THE T T A ^V A 
 
 you CMmo to lliai city Uy llic OttnwM iind Prescott 
 iliiilrniul from Prosoott or Ogdeiisl.iivji-. you ciin get 
 ou Imiinl thfstoiimcr"Ph(iiMx" iit Ottawa City and 
 doscoiiil the Ottawa, to Grenville, tliciv ii train of 
 i;n> will be in waiting, which will t:iUc you twolvo 
 miles to t'arrillim ; iirrivcd at Carrillou you will find 
 the steamer '-Lady Simiison," which lioat will lake 
 you tn Laohiuc. 15otwoen Cavrillon and leadline, 
 the navigation is interru[itcd l>y the rapids of the 
 St. Anne, a point rendered I'amons liy the fact that 
 the gr.-at Irish poet, Tom Moore, wrote in rel'orence 
 to its rapids his much admired '' Canadian Boat 
 Song": — 
 
 " How, brotlici-s, nnv, the stirani runs f:ist, 
 Tlio iMpiils are iiriir, ami tlic lUiy lislit i^" pa-t," J\;c. 
 
 The steamer Lady Simjison is locked past the 
 rapids, at Si. Anne's, tiien continues down tin,' 
 Ottawa, through the lake of the '• '/'>'■" M^nndainx" 
 to Lachinc ; thence liy railroad, nine miles, to Mon- 
 treal ; arriving at Montreal the .«ame e\ening. The 
 scenery hy this roate is very beautiful and interest- 
 ing. 
 
 But should the tourist wish to desicnd the vapids 
 of the St. Lawrence 1o Montreal, from Ottawa City, 
 he can go liv the railway cars to Pruscoti, and when 
 he has arrived at Montreal ho will acknowledge that 
 heha3exi)erienced a sensation the more; ami in these 
 very prosaic days, and among such dreadl'uUy matter- 
 of-fact people, a new sensation i-< a thing not ca.sily 
 picked uji. If you do not wish to go to Montreal, 
 you can either take the steamer at Prescott. < u route 
 for Kingst(.n, and the upper lakes, or _\on can cross 
 by the ferry-boat to Ogdensburg, anil so to Boston, 
 New York, or wherever in the I'nilcd Stall's, lail- 
 ways will carry you. For raihvay route-, see railway 
 map connected with this work. 
 
 ]>ut suppose the traveller choose the rout(^ to 
 Montreal, by either <if the modes we have pointed 
 out, after visiting Quebec, ',\\\(\. other jilaces of interest, 
 what is open to him then ? He can go directly by 
 the (ir.ind Trunk Railway to Gorliam Station, New 
 llam])shire, which is in the inunedi.'de \icinity of 
 the White Mountains, New Hampshire; from (lor- 
 
 ham station to Portland, Maine ; thence to Boston, 
 or visit any of the watering ]ihn'es on the seaboard. 
 and return to Boston or New ^'ork. 
 
 If at M(mtreal the tourist wi.slu^s to reach Quebec, 
 he has two ways open to him ; he can lake the 
 steamer or the railroad ; when at Quebec tliere avo 
 ;dl ihc curiosities of the old town to visit, jilaccs 
 whose names will live in history while the world 
 lasts. There are all the scenic glories of the lU'igb- 
 borhiHid. From (,)ucbec he may visit Iho water- 
 ing places on the (iulf; pass between Capes Trinity 
 and Ktcrnity into that wonderful Sagtienay, and 
 if he like and be in .season, enjoy as first rate 
 salmon llshing as there is out of the Shannon. 
 Beturniug to <,tuebe'', he can take the route to the 
 White Mountains, and then go southward, either by 
 Portland or by the- railways, down the beautiful 
 Valley of the Connecticut River to the City of New 
 York. 
 
 \Vc have lluis shown how travellers, in a snnnner 
 tour, mav make a vast circuit without going over 
 nuich of the same groiunl twice, a thing to which 
 mi'ii who travel for ideasure, have generally a great 
 olijcclioii. 
 
 There are no >teandHiaf< better manageil, with 
 nmre caref'' captain-, engini'iTs. and pilots, or nmre 
 attentive and civil stewiu'ds ami >ervants. than those 
 on the Ottawa River; we have never yet heard of 
 ;in .accident occuiTing to any one of them. The 
 <'-eneral ch'.anliness oi' all of them cannot be sur- 
 passed, and the meals served up on board of them, 
 are all that the most fastidious I'erson would rei|uire. 
 The Ottawii and I'rescutt Railway jiasses through 
 a pleasant tract of country, .and is a safe road, and 
 the carriages rnn over it with less of unpleasant 
 motion than on nm-t railways on this continent. 
 
 The enterprising citizens ofOttaw.a ar(> intending 
 to form a joint stock company, to build a large and 
 commodious tirst class hotel, for the .accommodation 
 of sunuuer pleasme travi'l. The City of Ottawa 
 nossesses some good hotels, at which good aciommo- 
 dation can be foiunl a1 a reasonable price, and is in 
 immediate teh'graphic comnnudcalion with every 
 part of the Uniteil States and Canada. 
 
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< II A |> T K I? I V 
 
 Till', CITV dl' (iTTWVA. — -TUK IMMKDIATK S('K\KI!Y. 
 
 TiiK si'oiiory in tlio immoilinto vicinity ol' liio 
 City of Ottiiwa, is ^I'ncmlly very gniml. As scon 
 from liio river, the first (iliject that strikes the eye of 
 tlie s(rinif;(!r is tlie F;ill of llus ItuiKAii. The Uivcr 
 Riileiiu, as we notiieil in tlio general (le~cri|itiiin of 
 the conrse of tiie OUinvM, i.s iil)out inic IiiiikIii'i! .ukI 
 sixteen miles loiiii', riiiiid, ami imt very wide ; it 
 empties itself into the Ottawa a slidit distauee below 
 the eity, faliini;- in a elear ami hfantiliilly traiis[iu- 
 rciit sheet oxer a siiiiioth ami ((uiti' pcrpemlictilar liid 
 of hlwe limestnni'. finm a heiiilit of lil'ty li'd. The 
 river derives its naiin' I'mm this fall, the HIiIkiii, or 
 eiirtain. Tlic fill itsrlf is dividnl into uvo portions 
 hy a small rocky islet. I'"i(iiii water-powei' alhaded 
 liy this fall advantai;i' has been taken In erect in 
 New Kdiiihnri;'. a snhnrli of Ottawa, saw. ,u'iisl,an(l 
 woollen mills, and close liy is the licautifiil rc-iileiicc 
 (d'the Hon. Thomas .McK.iy.a mendier of tlie Legis- 
 lative Council iif Canada, an early settler (ai the 
 Ottawa, and one of its most esteemed residents. 
 
 The next nlijeet of imljee is the iimntii nC the 
 Kidean Canal. We have .already e.vplaincd the 
 reasiiii fer the eonstructiciii n|' tills canal ; its eiaiise 
 runs for TJii miles from tlie City nf Ottawa to 
 Kini;st<m; i'lS feet of dillerence of level hetweeu 
 Lake Ontario and the Ottawa, heini;- overeiano hy 
 47 lucks, 1;M feet lonf^ and 33 feet wide. 
 
 Mi^iit of the-o liiijss. risinjr (Hie ahe\e the ether, 
 arc \isil>l(' to the spectator, either leokiiii;' np from 
 tlie ri\ or. Ill' down en it from Sa[iper's Tuid^-c; a 
 view, in each directieii, is included amoll^^• our 
 Plates. 
 
 The masonry of tlie leeks on the Kidean Canal is 
 generally much admired, not only fir its massi\('- 
 ness, hut for the heautii'ul wurkmansliip ; and indeed, 
 with such stone as ahoumls in tiie neij^hlmrliood of 
 Ottawa, so exquisite is the color, so easily is it 
 
 E 
 
 wrought, and in such vast Idncks can it ho pi'ocured 
 from the (|uarty. it would be wonderful did the city 
 not show line buihling*. 
 
 The Hidenu Canal cost tlie Imperial Clovernment 
 nearly live millions of dollars; by a recent anaiii;e- 
 iiient. thi- canal, and all the property in the neijfh- 
 liorhood held by the IJomhI of Ordnance, are to lie 
 L;i\en up to the Provincial authorilles. Steamers 
 pi\ rcMjnlaiiy lai tin' Kidean Canal, takinj; botji 
 lielLiht and passcni^ers. but the canal does not pay 
 its expenses, the current of Irallic bejni;- turned to 
 the St. Lawrence route. 
 
 The next objects worthy the attention of visitors 
 i\ie the Ibmian Catholic Cathedral. ('olleij;e, and 
 .Nnnnerv, closi' together, and within three minute.s' 
 walk of the terminus of the Prescott and Ottawa 
 Kailwav; these Imildings are chietly remarkable 
 from their size, and the solidity of their eonstnu'- 
 tioii. evideiiciii;:- tlie wealth of the religions connnu- 
 iiilx by which they were erected. 
 
 While in Lower Ottawa \\w tourist would do W(dl 
 to visit a maeiiilicent steimi saw mill recently 
 ereited by .losepli Aiimoud, Es(|.; it is one of the 
 largest mills in Canada. 
 
 We have already s[ioken of the view from tlie 
 Barrack Hill; it i- ceilainly. (>xce])tin,i:-. perhaps, 
 the view IVnm Cajie Diamond, (>nebec, the most 
 maguilicent on this continent. Many tonri.st.s, men 
 of much travel, many artists, prefer it to any view 
 they have ever seen. The view up the Ottawa from 
 the P.arrack Hill is a siibjei t fir a Panorama, so 
 lofty is the eminence, and so far to right and left 
 does the vision sweep. 
 
 Our next Plate is a view of the month of tlie 
 River Gatineau, a tributary of the Ottawa, debouch- 
 ing alamt a mile below the city on the Lower Canada 
 side, after a course of some three hundred surveyed 
 
!' 
 
 IS 
 
 T UK (I TT A W \ 
 
 tiiilca, Imt kiinwii tn lie hmk li liiii^t'r; "wv nt" iis 
 biau'lii'^, tin' •lean dc 'I't'iri', Iihh lnu-n survc^'i'il liir 
 dill' liuinlreil lUiil srvnity luil''^. nml lln'ii ii'it t" its 
 >imifc. Till' (liitiiii'Mii i- dill' I'l' till' l.ir,i:i'-t timli'T 
 proiluoiiii:' hil'iit.nii's i<\' tlir Oltawii. iiinl nii its 
 luK ks mv siiiiii' 111' (lir laijii'sl saw iiiili- in C'anailii. 
 Tdwanls tlio lol't nl'tlio \\v\\ in tliu amuiiiianvin); 
 Plate. niiiliT tlic lan^rc of inniinlaiiis ami a i'cw iiiili's 
 iVoiii ilio t'ily III' (tttawa. is tln' I'iimhus •• Imn 
 .Mmiiitain" 111' Ijiili. 'I'liis iiiiHiiilaiii i- iiou liriiiu 
 i|iianii'il 'lilt liv an tMitri|iri>iiii;- liiui I'lnni Pilt-1'Ui ■^, 
 PoiinsvKania. wlicif tin- ow is -cnl In In- snnllril. 
 Tlio irmi i|uaiTif(l Iilmc is nl' wry sninMinr ijiiality ; 
 it is saiil to yiclil uii\vai(l> nl' oijriitv yvv cent., and 
 til ^ivc (inl -tt'rl liaiilly inl't'iinr to tlir la'st S\vt'ili>li. 
 Soiiii' iijra I'l' llic \a>t Imllv nf tlio ili'|"i.-il nl' me 
 may lie Innncil I'ldin tju! tin t that tliirlr' ii nn'ii aio 
 liiingiii:: I'lit U|nsarils of |\\. 1m' liiinilii'il tuns a 
 
 niniitli, ;iiiil it is cairulatr.l tjiiil thru airulltwn 
 
 luimht'ii aiTi's 111' iainl. nwiirij li\ Mrssr<. I'nisytlir 
 anil CiMiipaiiy. nii\v,iiil< ul'-ix miHiinis nl' tiiii> nl' nrc. 
 Tliuif is alsii in tin' i|iiarry. iiiti rsjii r-i'il aniuiij; lln' 
 irnn mi', a lai',i;i' i|nantit_\ ul' \t'iy |iU!r |iliniiiiaui'. 
 
 Hur noxt vii'w is thu aii|iiiiarli In tlir Sii>iii'nsiipn 
 Biiil,i;e, (if wiiirli \vi' liavi' aiiraily .'>[iiil<t'ii. am! thiMi 
 till! lind^io itM'ir. as soon I'lnin a iimji'din;:' jiniiit ut' 
 tilt) .sli(i|-i'. at a sliml ili-lanre lulipu it. 
 
 The Frnnlisiiii'iT [ni'smts ns with a - liiiil's l'".yr 
 Vii'W III" tlir CiuiiiiKUi Falls." It will Ik; rasily 
 
 uinlufst 1 ihat.-i» far as iii'isju'i'tivu iim'S. this is an 
 
 inijiossililu \iew ; a-mmlisD a< tlm-o view.s which 
 assniiii' til show us at unci; tlii> wlmli' tirniin nl' 
 f^'i'vastiiiml. frnm lialaclava hailinr tn I'ml Si'Vi'inaia. 
 fn.iii Kaiiiii'M'h l!ay In tin' 'I'laklii iiiiil^r : liut.>till. 
 tiini|j;h a ilc|iarl Ul<i I'lnm till' sliii-l laws nt' niiru->. it 
 is cahnlatiMl to ,::ivc a cuni'ft iilca nl' tlm e\tiiil nf 
 mil' nf'tiio granili'st t'eaturi's in lln siuncry nfCanaila, 
 
 Tin; Ciiaui)Ii;ki; Fm.i.s. Si mml mily in Niagara 
 in Ihcir oxtiiit. ami in tlii' hci-ht 'A tlm iuilue nl' 
 iii.k iiM.T whi' ii tlii'y liill. aio tlm Falls ortlm Chaii- 
 ilii'ii', while till! siiiii'iy arnuml Ihiiii is lin' mmc 
 l'(;;intifiil ami vaiicil. ami tin; vnlumu nl' watrr, in 
 spriiiu. I'nlai'Livil m> il is hy lln,' inciting snnws nl'thi' 
 umth, jiniireil in I'l-mii its. iiiiiiy Irilmlaries, i.s iiuito 
 equal tn that iiC Nia^rara. 
 
 The wmd ChuHiHirc is the literal tran-lalimi iutn 
 F'ri'ni'h nf llie Indian wonl Kiiniijii, the "Kettle," 
 ami is, like all nther Tmlian appellativns, viustly 
 suggi'stive. U>\ the tha>iii into which the waters nf 
 
 the Oltawa di-'iiiarjio tlu'iiimdvo.s i> imt uiiliUe a 
 krttli' ill »ha|ii', wliile the seclliinj,' and Irnthini; nf 
 the "niface. in it.s rmilinu.il whirl, assist in ('mn|i|et- 
 ing' the leHcinldaiice. 
 
 The rivir at the Falls is nlmiil live hiiiulred N.irds 
 ill width, till' h'di;-!' nl' rocks uhiili causes tin Fall 
 luniiing in a very irrej:iilar ^a^hin|| across the wlmle 
 .stream, and towaiiN the I |i|iir Canada side, reacli- 
 iiii;' lir se\eral hundred _\aids in the linrse-.-hoo 
 Inrni. which cnii-titutes the ••Kettle." Over IIiIh 
 lcdj:e 111' ruck, varyini: iVoni twenty to ~i\ty I'ect in 
 liei;,'lil. and iiarliciilarly in s|iiin;r. when the river is 
 lull, llie dark waters nf the Ottawa descend with a 
 inai like that oi' distant thiin |er, aiiilihle on a clear 
 and -till ni'.:lit. I'm' m my a Inue- mih' ; the air is 
 ,'illcil with a line -luay, and here, as at .Niaiiara, 
 when the miii -hincs lui^ihtly niil. the eieat kettle 
 is .•.|iaiiiieil ai rnss with the vi\id arch nl' (he raiiilmw 
 ill ;ill it . j^lminiis tints : indeed, at tiiiie". ninre than 
 mie lainlinw i- \isili|e. 
 
 In the Hist twn views the ;;reat '• Kettle" i,- |ire- 
 si'iited under twii as|ii'it- : in the smceediiii; twn, 
 theie is dejiii led all ext lanrdiiiary ■ ha -Ul Inwards 
 the l.nwer Canada .-Imre. which the Ottawa jienplo 
 call the -Lust ('hamlii;ie ;" straiiee (,i say, into 
 thi.~ cha-iii. Ininiiil liy wall> nl' >nlid liineslnne rnek, 
 ill -trala sii iiMiilar that they alinnst aji|iear tn ho 
 the wmk 111' art. a \nluine nl' water i- ci ntiniially 
 I'liiiied. i|uile eipial In that nl' many a river, whieji 
 in tlie I. Id wmid \m iild he called a laiei; one. and 
 -traliLlcr yet. there is im xisihh' way nl' outlet ; the 
 clia>in i.> cnni[)letcly sejiiirated I'mm the rest nl' the 
 I'all. i-nlaled and inelnsed hy snlid rnek ; the nutlet 
 is. nf riiiirse. Iiy sniiie Sill it I'l ra Ilea ii ili.annel, hill .at 
 wh.it |"iiiit this my-terinu.s |i.issae;e cnnimunicates 
 with the main river, his never heen a.-ceitained. 
 Thi- [lait nf the F.ill ahvay- excites the curio.sity of 
 siraneers. 
 
 In the early days nf lumheiin'^. all the timher cut 
 in the I'mesl- aliiiM' the ('h.imliere l^'alls w,i- allnwed 
 tn lliiat nver thi'lll ; since lie inlindnclinn nl'".v//i/f.v," 
 it is nmro .sjifely and nmie chciply cniidiicted past 
 this i:reat ohstructinii. 
 
 There .are twn slides at the Ch.iudicri'. mie on the 
 rpper Canada ami the nthcr im the l^nwer Canada 
 side nflhe I'all; a '• crih " nf tiinlicr, twenly-twn feet 
 wide and cniitainine- fmru twehe to twenty stieks of 
 jiine timher, fmni fifty tn ninety feet lonji, de.scends 
 these slides with ease and safetv. The slides are the 
 
"t lltllilxC ;i 
 
 lii'tliiiij; 111" 
 ill i'"iii|ili'<- 
 
 iimIii'iI N.ikIs 
 s«'.H III. Kail 
 isH the whole 
 xiilc. icacli- 
 
 I|li|S('>|l(IO 
 
 Over IhiH 
 INtV Uct in 
 ill'' livrr is 
 
 -Kllll Uilll 11 
 
 t' <pii a rlcar 
 lie ;iir is 
 •■it \iM;,';ira, 
 
 ^1«mI krill,. 
 
 tin; raiiiltow 
 
 '. lllcMt' lli.iii 
 
 nil' " i- |iic- 
 
 '■(.'t'llili;; lUn, 
 
 I -III Iciwanl.s 
 Itaua |Mn|ilo 
 
 1 .'^.'ly. into 
 lesliiMi' ii.ck, 
 \>\i('nv III \h! 
 
 ('<iitinn:illy 
 liviT. uliii'ii 
 j;<.' line, anil 
 outlet ; the 
 H'sl „{' tho 
 : the laillet 
 iiiiel, lull at 
 iiininniratcs 
 asieitainml. 
 ciuiii.sity III' 
 
 liniliel- lilt 
 
 vas alliiwc'tl 
 
 iieleil jia.-t 
 
 iiiit; on the 
 ler Caiiaila 
 ly-two feet 
 y sticks of 
 r. ilcscends 
 Ics arc tho 
 
 T II i: (I r r a w a . 
 
 Il> 
 
 liniperly of tho IVovineo, mihI a siiiill lull is jMiil fur 
 their ii«(>. 
 
 Until lali'iy it \v:h iiol an iiiiriei|nent nii'inreiiee. 
 llial the tiinher aii'iimniati'il in a Kay aluiNe the 
 Fill-i wniiiil hieak ailrll'l. or thai Iho raftsmen in 
 atteni|ilin;; In ;:irnle a -I'lih" tuwaids the entiame 
 of the sliile, Wniiiij alluW il t'l |iaHS too far illlo the 
 eitrreiil, ill wliii'h ease M inevitaMy hail to take I he 
 ";;reat lea|)" into ihe Kellle. In f;eniiai. IIm' iiii'ii 
 Ilia lie their e>r i|ie in a ealioe, ;ini| allow eil the ti ill In a' 
 111 ilrill .iw.iy. hill inslaiire-i liaM' li;iii|ienei| in whii h 
 
 (•-ea|ie was iiiipiis-iihle. ami Ihe | r raflsineii went 
 
 ilowii lo their awful iluoni, with what Imrror of -' iil 
 iiieii iiris iina^iiie who have loikeil oil the teiriii' of 
 till' uii''tl Kellle in -afely. ( )lie nil 11 olire esraplJil ; 
 the erih on whiih he wis, jiasseil mer the Inlee into 
 the Kellle, ami of emirse lunke np into sill;;le >lirks ; 
 two niell out of the I'olli' clllliu' to I III.' stii'ks. ainl 
 
 Were horne out of tile whirlpiiiil, nnilii'iieatli the 
 liriilue ; olio man was shaken olf the slick, when it 
 striiek a,i;ainsl tin! roiky isfmil, anil peii>hei| ; tlie 
 olhel' riling >till, ami was re-ri'eil, :i raNilii;- lilalliai', 
 hut aflerwanl.' was n-loieil to reason. 
 
 A whoh' erih uilh se\eial men on il, wa> rariieil 
 to tlie ei|i^eof the l''alls. ahoiil two years ai^o; it was 
 pr'i\iileniially low water, ami the erih liiiii;^' mi till 
 
 Ver\' CiJue. The exi iteilli'lll ill loWII Wa- intense : 
 
 Immlreils of men hiirriol ihuMi to Ihe liriil;:e. ami it. 
 anil the siinniimlinij rocks, were soon covernl with 
 a sw.irni of anxions ami tremlilin;; syiiipathi/er-. 
 One luave Main;;' iinii, .Mr. ('haries Wriejil. of II nil, 
 the eiMiiilsoii of the earliest settler oil the river, 
 lu'aileil a h;iiii| of il.ifiiiL: men, wlin w-iilnj lliiuutili 
 the rapiils al the -haljowest part, jii-l at llir eilee of 
 the l'".ilh. eoiitri\ei| to >lin;j,- a weii^lit, willi a line line 
 allarlieil. to the i;ift ; liy tiiis ,a -ti-oni:er rope was 
 taken across, ami ii pair of naiiih shea is heiiij; riei^oil, 
 tho whoh' of the poor follows wore siu cos-fiilly swiiiiu 
 acros- th" iniiility eh asm. monieiiturily ilisap[)carin<f 
 in ll jiiinl of misty sjuay. .iml resciiei! IVom a fear- 
 ful alternative, ilrowniiii: or starvation. 
 
 'J'lio I'late opposite to lhi< |i,ai;o shows the inmith 
 of the .sliilo on the liower Caiiiila -Imre. ifoiier.ally 
 kiioviii ,as •■Wright's 8liile"; this sliile was laiilt 
 liv -Mr. Wriirht. at a cost of .some L'I2,IIIMI, ami 
 
 was imrclmsei] fiom him hy the l'io\iiicial (iov- 
 enniieijl. 
 
 As ,1 ciirio-iiy, ami particularly so |o a j^eoloei.st, 
 \\r lia\o uivi'ii a pliito roprcHciitinjr u curious initiiral 
 phenomenon, whii'li \a not nmomnion ou tho Ottawa. 
 
 Tho ;;eo|o;fica| funuation in the iioiy;Iihorli 1 of 
 
 Ott:i\\a i.s the |i'rliai'\ , ami the roik known us •• Troii- 
 toii lime.'^t' no." lint the river Ininj^- ilouii. oral 
 least ill years ;;one fy. has liron;:hl ilown, nm-l 
 |iroliah|y inilieilileil in ice. hiiu'o hoiililei.s of a fur 
 hai'ler lock ; the i nrrenl h is cjirrioil tlmso liouhlors 
 lowaiils the shoii;, ami the wators rocmlinji hiivo left 
 them ilepo-iteil oil the Softer rocks of the riversiilo; 
 il woiilil a|)pear that wherever thnso lianl iionltlors 
 have resteil in a sliejit natural hollow, tic hijih 
 water- of >iicceeilin;i' spriiij:. throuiihoiit a loiijr 
 periml of yours, have con\cit(al Ihiiii into gi;;iin- 
 tic lioiers, jfrimliiii:' ami ;;rimliiiu'. until they liu\e 
 hiiiieij llicm-el\es fathoms ijiep in the solid rook. 
 On tho I'liper Ottawa, near Liko Temi-camini;'. Iho 
 writer of tlie^e |ia;_'es fiiiiiiil lln'ce of these extraordi- 
 nary Wells clii-c 111 olio .aiii'ther, at a ciiisiderahlo 
 ilist.iiice finin the hiiilie.st IcNol to which tho Ottawa 
 now li-i's. the ilii'pest of which was at least sixty 
 feel, ami a I loll t li\e fret in diameter, ihe ■• Imror " or 
 lioiililri- -till l\ini: in the lioitom. There were rm 
 nil ails of i|i-cemlin;if the '•well" to ascertain the 
 cliaraiier of the iiitrnsi\e honliler. 
 
 The Oil.iwa prodin-es many reiiiarkalile phenome- 
 na in e;eo|oi;y, iiiid ill the Miisiiiiii of the Silurian 
 Society, and the private collertiuii of .Mr. .McArthur. 
 .Sonic nio.-t lieiii'ifiil spocimoii- may ho found. 
 
 Faintlyi'iily Icive wo dime jn>liee to tho scenery iiii- 
 moilialcly .11 oil ml tin City of Ottawa ; still iiioro faintly 
 lia\e we indicated tin; viiiied he.iiilios of the whole 
 liver, fi'om its jiiiiction with the St. Luwrenre neur 
 .Montreal, lo the head of Lake Tomisciminir. the far- 
 thest point to wliiih many travellors liiivoyet utt.iined. 
 
 Ill conclusion, we have one word to say. ^Vith tho 
 iiliislraiioiis wo liav(! hoeii almost loo severely striot ; 
 we have not used the slijililest aitistic licon-e. not 
 e\eii that of piittine; in a few trees, where no trees 
 ui'ow. for the sake of elfect ; in fact, wo lia\e done 
 nothiiiL;- for elled. hut liavo endeavored to ei\r true 
 and faithful representations.