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S8a
BRITISH COLUMBIA BOTANICAL
ASSOCIATION.
(From The Farmer Qi'^Xd^.y r6, 1866.)
cast of
Dalles.
THE Committee of the British Columbia llotanical
AMSoctation have placed in our haritU a catalogue
of tt fourth box of sec<la, &c., collected by Mr Robert
Brown during the year 1865, an ab;»lract of which we
prc<ieiit to our readers.
Ill forwarding particulars of the seeds col|ccleil, Mr
Brown says iliai, from the cauiicii so frequently rcf..Tred
to in hi.s Doles, the species in this l>ox are not in any
gicat quantity, but he believes it (o contain more
valuable kinds than any former one ; and ihnt he
has done his utmost to select gomi seeds, and care-
fully to tlry and pack them. The greoter bulk of
the Conifcra.* he has forwarded in the cones, not (nily
for the purpose of prolonging their vitality, but, as
many were imperfectly open, he considered that it
would be better to sacrifice space to the all important
consideration of their reaching the Association in itu-
most favourable slate, more especially as many of
them were only represented by a few cones. Xos.
2U I" 345 were collected in June 1K65, and Nos. 24O
and (ullowing were collected at a liuer period.
A. 231. I.ilium. I did not see it in (lower. B.anksof
theColumbia Kivcr, cast of the Cascades. June 1S65.
23a. . I>allcs of theColumbia. June 1S65.
33i. ? Hanks of the ("olumbia, enst of the
Cascades. l>ry soil. June 1865.
234- /m teiiax. French Prairie, Willamette Val-
ley, Oregon. June 1865.
235. Rnme.x. Perhaps A*, venoxus^ Pursh. Very
showy plant ; shady places. Dalles of the Columbia,
Oregon. June 1865.
236. ? (bulbs). Banks of the Columbia, near
Dog Kiver. June 1865.
237. Comp\>sit<c. Small flower, in spots on dry soil.
Dalles of Columbia. June 20, 1865.
238. Erythroniitm. Banks of Columbia,
the Cascades. Shady places. June 1865.
239. Spirtea. White flower; fne shrub.
of Columbia, east of Cascades. June 1865.
a^ UmMliffra. I«nrge shpwy plant.
Jhiu 1865.
241. utiacea. Banks of Columbia, east of Cas-
cades. June 1H65.
243. Composittr. Eoit of Cascides. June 1865.
243. Crucifcr<p, Dalles, Oregon. June 1865.
244. Astragalus. Banks of Columbia, east of the
Cascades. June 1865.
245. Ribes. Puri>le flower ; fine black currant, supe-
rior to the cultivated fruit. Jlank^^ of La Creole, (^ K.,
Oregon. July 4. 1865.
246. Qtiercm Kelhs^iiy Newbeny (in *' Pacific
Railroad Rep.," vol. vi). I.e.ivcs deeply sinuate;
three principal lobes on either side terminate in
several acute points ; glabrous above and oclow ;
fruit solitary or clustereii— nearly sessile ; pland round,
ovoid, or more commonly elliptical, termmating ii< an
acute projecting point ; greenish brown in colour, and
from ! to \% inches in length; cup hemispherical,
covered with elongated acute scales. In a dryish ex-
pose<l country near the Illinois river Oregon. Scplem
her i8'j5. It is immediately distinguished from its
congener, (?. ///Wj//(No. 247), with which it is asso-
ciated, by its dark coloured bark ; and, on comnarisou
of an extensive scries of notes, its height may be esti-
mated at from 50 to 60 feet, exceeding on the average
X /litifisii, Bcnth. It is also freer in the branching,
and more elegant in appearance, than that species. It
is known to the hunter and others by the n.ime of the
' * black oak. " The wood Is coarse-grained and
"brash;" and, on the whole, though an ornamental
Iret of a high character, yet it is inferior as a timber
tree, and r.ever used if the *' white oak " ((?. //hiMii)
can be protured. Ifthis year be any criterion, it bears
fruit very sparingly, mdeed ; but I am tohl by residents
that it is seldom th,;» one s|>ecies bears a good crop of
" mast " two years in succession. This year Q. Ihrtihii
Ijore a comparatively plentiful crop of acorns, whilst
Q, Kelfo^it was very sparing—in fnct, I found it a
matter of some diflicully to obtain specimens. I^st
year appears to have been the reverse.*
347. ^//."n-wJ ///«//«>, Bentli. ("Bot.of theSuIphur"
and Q. hnji^^iamiii, Torn, in Fremont's "(Geographical
Memoir of California "). Allie<! t<» that of the Kastern
Stales, but different. Known as (he *' while oak,"
and the acorns are stored up by the Digger Indians
♦ Thi« in the CaliforniAn rcpresemaiivc of ilir l)lHck oak
•Quercns tinctcria] of the Eaitenr btniM of North Ainerioi. It
is ducribed and figiiml hi thv nmnWr of t'le Fni-ttter of
6th Decenihcr ln*t.
for winter u->e Whilst the timber is superior to that
of No. 346, ye •'■ "ot etpial to some others in ihi-
collection. I "s before, Illinois river. Sep-
tember 1865. I "k tvill sometimes attain a din-
meier of 3 feel.
348. Qufniii, 7>. (c). iJ.;ri/o/ui, Nee> in Aine. Nat.
S. C; Hook, Icones 3 t. 377; Nultnl's "Svlva" 1, p.
5, t. 2; and crassipoatln, Torr., in Williamson's
Kcnorl. Q. craxupotuUxy Torr., 1 am not acquainted
witli, but according to Torrey's figure of Q, oxydenia
(Sitzreave'.s Rep., p. 172, pi. xvii.) it is a very djf
fereut plant; and if the figure ;if Nutt.il ("North
American Hylva," pi. 2) is to be relied upon, Q. af^n-
folia has long-uoinled acorns, similar to Q. oxydenia,
dilferini; totally from my plant. Again, Torrey, in
p. 138, ** Pacific Railroad Kxploraiions," vol. iv.,
says that the species descritted by him as Q. oxyift'niu
is Q. a^^rifolia of Nees, with iheacorns fully developed,
leaves generally dontnte. grows to the height of 40 feel
(though generally a shiub), with a handsome and
graceful curvctl stem from b inches lo 3 feet in dia-
nu'lcr. It is generally known as the " live oak," and is
accounted one of ihe best woods for felloes, huts, and
shafts of w.igyniis, though it is not sli.tighl cnougli
for spokes It is very tough, and is used near Illinois
River for such purposes, lis acorns arc very sweet.
It grows on ihe sides of gulches, but to the greatest
heights in more elevated situations. I saw, however,
enormous trees of ii in ! he rich river tiottoms of Smith's
River Valley, Alta California, Sept. 1865.
249. Quenu-u sp. (d). Ix)l)edeavcd, bears acorns
very plcntdully, which are accounted good for falten-
iog hogs. It is never more than a shrub, but the
produce of forty lo fifty will fatten a ht^. It prefers
prairies and low land. I have, however, seen it in
gulches 40CX) feet above the sea level, but never
higher. Canon Ck. Sept. 1865 (2 bags).
250. Qi/ercus, sp. (e). Echinaceous, cupped leaves
slightly serrate, and sometimes, as in the old "live
oak," plain (No. 34S). It is a small shiub; bitter
ocorns. It grows us high up as 8000 feet above the
sea level, which Q. No. 351, ut injm^ to which it ts
most nearly allied, don not. This species has smaller
leaveSf cups deeper, and acorn mure ovoiil anti very
bitter, so that nothim* but sfjuirnd* will rnt thrni.
The black bear {(/rsr/s Ameriatmis), if hard pushed
by huufjer, may also venture on them, but never by
choice. It is always looked upctri by (he * liners and
hiniiers as very (list met from Qnrtrus Xo. 251. All
over ihemountainsofCanonCk., Oregon. Sept. 1865.
251. QuercuSf sfi. (f), Ihis is perha()s i,tu,n/is
echitiann^ Torr. It is a tree 30 to 70 f^'^'l in height,
and from 6 inches to 2 feet in iliameter ; long
acorncil, shallow cupped, bark black, leaves large and
rarely serrate, the opposite holding tntc in Q. No. 250
{ill atifva). It is found along the sides of mountains,
in damp groumi, or by streams, but never on the lop
or at great elevations. It is often fijund associated
with Q. No. 250, but r -ver limited to the diminu-
tive size of that specie , or departing lioni it*
characters, though subject to ll.c same intluences
of soils and topographical situation. In fiirm and
habit it differs much from the traditional idea of an
oak, and is more lik'.- /•mxrnts OiVf:;orui ; growing
very straight, and in ll. s rrsi'cct it is the antipodes of
Qiifnus Uarr)itt:a, Ib.ok (It. Hr. Am. 2, p. 159), so
characteristic of the open pleasant glades in the vici-
nity of Victoria, Vancmtver Island. It is accounted
the best timber in Southern Oregon or North Cali-
fornia for all parts of waggons, on accoimt of which
it is a superior tree to (>. No. 248. The Irbe from
which most of my specinien.-i were taken grew on ihe
flat on Canon Ck. (S(,;iihern Oregon), near Bailhc's
Old Camp, and attained a height of 70 feet, with a
dinmeter 2 feel. Sept. 1865.
252. Quercusy sp. (C.). Allied to (). No. 248, but
with no serratures on the leaves, and not su glaucous ;
smaller acorns, and coverc<l with flattened tubercles ;
small shrub 3 feet in height ; 0.1 the sides of gidches.
Southern Oregon. Sept. 1865. This is closely
allied \a,Quercus ohlon^ifolhy described by Torrey in
Capt. Sitzrcaves' ** Report of an lupedition down
the Zuni and Colorado Rivers," p. 173, p!, xix. (from
Western Mexico).
25^. QuerctiSt sp. ntrt\ ■ Shnib 4 feet in height;
leaves large, deeply serrate ; serratures pointing lo
apex of leaf; leaf sub-acuminate at base and at apex ;
broatl in the middle, glaucous above and below ; ilark
green foliage ; acorns small, slightly nvate or com-
pressed at both ends ; cup deep, very thin, and
covere<I with flattened tubercles. The only ally (if I
maybeallowedtostylettassuch) is Q. No. 250, which
m-
23:]062
]iiti2
i( resembles very slii^htly in ihf Anni of iIr- It-nves ami
ti/c, tmt ttiltcrs totally in the furni of tin.' iii|i, wliicli
!>! nut ttiviTi'tJ with -sj'ipus, Itut witli tuIitTLli->. I
tounti a few sliruhs Iti-nrii)^ fruit vt'ry spatnit^ly mi llif
ii(I;;i; of momilairw I'tiwi-en Sailors I'ijjyitiH* •"
t irc^DU niiij Smith's Kivcr in Culifurni.i, on ihc
Crescent *.'ity Trail, ami nowhere else. Thf locahly
was niar the Houndary Line |lat. 42' N.). Si|'l. 1S65.
J54. .iNis^ s/'irirs /tfVii (A). The avi-ranc licij^hi ol
thih tn-e is 70 or Ko feel, and nliout I foot or inou- in
fUainc'tcr ; snli-jtyraniiilal in shape; upper hiauLhe^
starling from the trunk at right aiii^Ie^. anti lovvtrtlown
gradually at a more acute angle, until near the luiil of
the tree they start from the sttin at an acute (ilovvn-
\vard]ai)gle, with a iongdroopintjsMeep. I liehranclies
increase in Ungth (descending), giving (ho tree the
pyramiiial form refeire<l lo. At the haso of the tree
they are long, an<l bear a /(///(> to f .e height ai I to
5. They sweep oiil from Ihc stem at an acute angle,
with a downward sweep, curling up at the ends a
little. The brancldets are what gives the tree its
peculiar and eharactcriiitic beauty. Towanlsiht.- apex
they project an in other species, but whenever (lu-y
open (al maturity) they become deprndeni, and hence-
forward their growth i;* iluwnward, so that thi:>e hliie
twigs or branchlets droop (from i foot to 2 led in
length) in a >leniler pendulous form, depcridrng from
the 'U|)erior surface o( the branches, giving tite ire?
the "weeping willow" aspect my informant talked
alujut. The colour of the foliage is dark green ; the
\ouug leaves lighter green ; baik .smooth or scaly ;
epidermis whitish ; outer bark (nies.fphhruni and
e|>iphl'iiHn) firm and rctdish coloured ; liluT \ery
lough and spiingy ; the whole iliii.kiiess of t'le baik
is I '^ in. ; w(M.d vety tough, close t^nined. and in its
living -stale pale jellow coloured. The tree branches
almost to tlie bottom ol the trunk. .\t a bisty
ijlance its general nppcarancc is imt unlike ./.
JKnii^iitm, with which it is ass icialed, .ind may
have been passed by by former b<ttanisls in mistake
lor th.it tree. It grows on poor stony hoil, on the
'Ummit of thf iiiountaius, iiituut Sooo feet ahove the
»ea. Though I founil m.iny very good specimens of
1.1st ycat's cotics, \et after spciuling the major poiiion
of the day in searching all mound, shooiing down
branches with the ritleor climliing the Iree.s, yet I faile<l
to liiid one of this year's cones in any state of pro-
gress, and my joy at the discovery of this really
beautiful tree was damj)ed by gelling none. I subse*
ijuently found a grove t»f gigantic si/e, in a shady
gulch, about 1000 feet lower down the tnuuntain.
Iheir height was iu)t less than 150 teet, hul stems not
over I '4 feet in diameter. They pos^^essed the
general characleri-tics of the last i,'roup, only that the
branches were much slmrior in proportion to the height
of the tree. I.ocalily, on the old trail of Ciirpcnter's
(iulch, on the very -unimit of the mountain leading
to I'ierie .'^ault Mar, ju^t as you btse sight of Canon
Creek. I ^end many sp.-cimens of the folJHge and
cones for its nioie niinule descriplion. Sqit. 1S65.
255. Piuus. lur,'. s/-it. (A. ). I'rum So to 100 feet in
height, pale light green foliage, and not unlike in
general a))pearauce to f\mi.' I'.ntihrtuiuti, anil sdiue-
nme> ap) notching the darkg.een of the foliage of that
|>ine ; it brnnches to near the bouoin, the hranches
departing from the trunk at right angles; cones lunr
the top (j| the tree ; wooti soft ; light -colouicd baik. .\\u\
smooth, with bl..'iers of resin ; cones, and indeed the
whole of the tree, \ery resiiiuus. I found one tr-'e on
the .sides of a creek flowing into (_anon Creek, jiisi
below the (lat. The above is the geiural charac-
teristics of thi! tree; but I found one on the mountains
without branches for loo feet. It was 1,^0 feel high,
ami 2 ^i feet in diameter. It is slightly allied to /'.
montuoia, of Dctuglas, which yt»u pronounce lo be tlie
"while pine "of I Ills coast, hut which this (No. 255 1 cer-
tainly is not. Indeed, \ have never seen P. nii>iifui/ii
y.Strohiis of my catalogues) so far south. 'The term
■'white pine" is sometimes applied in California to
/*. .Siihiinaitit ; and /'. jh'xiUs ol James is the " Kocky
Mountain white pine." I do noi know of a liK-alily
ill which it has been found nearer than New Mexico, in
the Scandia .Mountains, at I2,oou leet elevalion. Ii is
hsid al.so to grow* aiound Santa Ke in this same terri-
tory. Is thi.s species identical If < Uten on this iree —
indeed, in tall trees very fretpiently — there .ire none
but barren coues, and hence I was told by a mo*ui-
tainccr that it is sr>melimes called tin; ** bastard
sugar i)ine." It hears sparingly, and the cones seiil
were all that I obtained from two trees after very
laborious climbing. Sept. 1HG5.
256. /V«//j, iiij-,: sfVi., or form of /'. px^udtvom. A
Iree about Ijo feet in height, on m-nnilaiiis Sept.
tS65 (2 bagO.
257. Piuuj, s/>. I found these concs (loating flown
Klamath River, t MegoH. Aug. 1S65.
258. /'int/s, n. sf., or_7^/^/,;i7/(I).t. l.sOfcet or nioie
in height, possessing the general habit uf ihedivision,
I "iscade Mountains, near Rogue River. Aug. iSb5.
25<». /V//WJ, J/. Illinois River. Sept. iStis-
260. /'/itits, J/*. (I'*.); 2 hags. 'This tree reaches
the height of loj feet, and I found it sawn int^> planl.>
amongst olhere, under the generic name of "pi'.h
pine," at a little mining camp in Smithecn Oieyon
known as ."s.iilors' Ihggings, where llie lumber sold
for ^15(0 #25 per looo feet, accurillng lo iit clear-
ness. I lere, also, I niav mention thai . hrr "un iv/>/iy/-
iiim was worth from J^75 lo ^icxi per iixx), whilst
QufrtUi (No. 2SI) was only 9.10. It (i. e., 2fK)) was dis-
tinguished hy the woodmen as the '*ball pine." '1 he
timlKT is w'hiler than the following (No. 261), cones
smaller, though in ils general habit it resembles
ihe rest <.f the /S"/./<v-.'.r(Mlivision, fiomalj the mem.
Iurs of which I believe lha» it is di>lincl (two bags,
with foliage, »S:c.), x'tde No. 261.
2)»l. . iniis, sfii't. (t;.). Is thi-idislinct, or a variety of
/'. i^W. It grows very straight to the height of 150
feet, and is accotmlcd tu Southern ( 'regou hetter lor
many purjioses than ./. /X>t/\'/itsi/, which is in that
district gelling rather rare, until it almost disap|H:ais
in t 'alifornia, though I am told -and according to ihc
laws of phytogeography I do not doubt it— ihut it is
fouutl in the nionnlains of Mexico. 'The centre of ihe
growth of .7. /h>in;iiisii is in the country west of
the Cascade Mountains, from the t Columbia to-
il may Ik* safely alTirmed — the Iree limit. Pikus
Sit. 261 is hard, and does not remlily war|>, as does
.7. /h'li^/inih .Shingles are also made of ii by splii-
ling, but it is so free from knots that il will split with
the sun indeetl. this is so much so that to drive
nails into it holes nnist be bored ; this i.s its worst
fault. Very large cones. All these pines are known
as " pilch pines ;" l)ut this species is disiinguishcd a»
the "yellow pine." Though iheie arc doubtless
many varieties of the pouderosa type, yet I am e<»»-
vinced that /*. 2|;6, /'. 260, anil /'. '261 are all as
distinct as most species of the order i omfer,c; aid
lliat /'. 260 and /*. 2G1 were very different in appear-
ance there and in dUTcrcut situations. The whole
typi.* or sub-genus (embracing the species allicvl to
/'. /.'//(/fVUM), as I have ventured to remark in former
catalogues and letters, would form a curious study for
the botanist ; Imt these species just named are recog-
nized as distinct by the woiMlmen, who arc too ai)t to
mistake iilenlily for similarity, though doubtless many
varieties have been described as species, ami which
may be found on the same tree : but where wc fin<l
a difference prevailing in all the cones on the same
tree, and this difference permanent in widely different
localilies— geograpTically, topographically, and clima*
tologically— then assuredly they have a right, as in those
named, to be ranked as distinct species. In 1ki\ No. i
1 sent cones of what I take lo be the true P.^otuitrosit,
from trees growing on ihe banks of the Trazer Kiver,
.It I,ell-ovet, It. (.'. , and these trees were very different
from any I s;uv in Sou'hcrn t »regon. Instead iS
•■plilling easily, so knotty were the trees, that the
miners, in order to make shingles of the tree -ihetmly
one growuig c<ni-ciliently near — luid lo saw them.
In the present pine Ihc cones arc nearly terminal, in
clusters ijf from two to three — generally two; branches
with a gentle svve«"p ; bark lightish brown, with longi-
tudinal wrinkles orcacks ; Jighl green lohage. Found
growing on stony 01 rocky places near Sailor's
Diggings, ()gn. Sept. 12, 1SO5.
262. Pinus, .(/. (one bag and one paper p:ircel).
I ftniiid this pine in great numherb on the sides of
gulches, and high up in the mouimins on .spurs of the
Siskiyou luounlains (so named by the early Krench
Canadian voya^vnts, from the Cree w.rd, signifying
a bob-lailcfl horse, in memory of an n.t idem con.
nectcd with a (ur-trnpping adventure). Coi.'S depen-
dent, and attached by a thick pedicel lo the I'oily <)f
the tree: leaves m whorls below the cones, the
upper side strongly marked with stout proiniii-nl
cuspnlale scales, whilst ihe lower, prolccted from ti. '
sun, are different \ridc cones^. Arc these cmies abor-
tive? None ha\e yet o|>encd, and though I .searched
aliundanily, yet I could hml none in any other stale,
and 1 thought it was lietter lo send them ns they were,
t >ne must just take ihe chances in tlusc matters, and
hope lor belter fortune ne.\tlimc : I refer to Nos. 254
and 2b2. Is this /'. nis/_i;ms / or the 'Most" /'. (V///-
/t>im,,i l.ois? (C.irricre " Traile," i\c). It bears when
very young. I saw shrubs of it not over feet in
height with abundance of cones. 'I'he sod it affect-i
is poor, and is associatetl with the grease woml
( Purs Ilia trid,ittalti }■
26J. J'tnus, -i/. I fftund thi.^ Pn/t/.f, with the en-
closed leaves lying associated with il, on the ground
on I'remont's 'Trail, in Kastern Oregon, Imt never saw
it growing. Aug. 1865.
264. J'/nns, i/>. t 'one, found -uMf/iiti up on tl»e
banks (}f Rille Crtek, K.istern Oregon. The creek
heads near Mount Scott on the Cascade .Mountains.
Aug. 1S65.
2ti^. p/tiitSt .!/'. tound washed down Clear Creek,
flowing out of Ihc Cascade Mountains. .Vug. 1K65.
A, A- —The three foregoing may have no com-
mercLii (jr scientific \dlue, but I enclose them
nevertheless.
266. Ptitf/i l.timberlitimt^ Dougl, (a bags, &c.).
'Thi.s well-known pine is )>erhaps- taking into account
ils beauty and economic value- one of the uol>lesl
trees on the continent of America. 'The seeds are
collected for fiH)d by the Digger Intiians in the vicinity
of Sailor/ Ibggingft; hence we shouKl I-? cautious in
talking .ibout tlw distriljutioii of the tut pine, as
T
(lil'« name is aj>plifil to I nun Stihiniiithi* /'/'//'•
fJulis, mi'iio/^'iv/^ii, nml jf,\ili^, all nf wlikh arc
i;a(here(l for fiMHl in ilicir riv>|K» live tiaalili'S niosl
ffciicrnlly wIktc nc'tiiiT of llic uiIiit!. j-rnw ; hence, in
speaking of tlir "luil pint- " of iionltot.mRal ira\ filers,
wc must take It to Iw tli«; " rtul ptiif " "I tlic p;irliculir
rt'^ioii lie ii lU-NtiilMiii;. The vi-i«U of the suj^ur pine
an cxtracic-l Uy iHaiinj- the t-oiifi with n stom-. after
suircli.iin tlu'in to ili-.iroy thi: ri-^in. 'lite Indian
cliinliH the Ine, <liops the tnnc-^ <lo\vn, which are
cnllciti'l ami ninnii.iil.ili-«l hy his -lu.iw al ihr fttot of
the Iicf. Mum- iJi^t;*"'' lii'lians (ihc lowtst of i lie
Iiulinii rncc^ on the ('onliiicnli. n-.c ^rrnl pi'-ls of the
hetd collector; for c\il ilown si trrc nii'l ItMve it for n
few minutes anywhere wnhiii hail of a wigwam, nn<l
you will l>e nioriilu'it, on ictntnin^'. to tintt an .uiticnl
sipi.iw and 11 htoud of ehihlrcii <Iis|i(»siii^ of the last of
,uur C4iUection, aiMni^, perchance, insult lo injury, hv
iau^hin^ a ^oiMllunn^inrcd t.uit;h at yotir lilntik
aina/cmcnl, I hini the )>ulk <if mine by n mixhap of this
nature, nnd nc\rrnl»inini'd another opportunity, m* Hie
"suKarpin.-," like other-, of iiii onli-i, hore very s|iiir'
inijly thi% year ; on ni.iny I did not sec more than two
or three coufs. Still nvue itiiinical to the seed col-
Icct<»r are the s'lnirreK of ^evcral spccii.s ; whenever a
tree is felled they atf.n k the seeds, -uid in a few
minutes will lUai it. lliey also run up the tree, cut
olT the c.ines. ,tiid, rushin^; to the t^round, extract the
"nuts." Iheii couic the htrds ;i ho^l in theniwlves
— so that, what with one thint- ami atuither, the col-
lector has hut a sorry time <-( it, and to olttujn any
(pianlily, n\H /u x'.h>t/ s,-it(<tn.t, nuich activity i'* retiui*
site. The wood of /'. /..imluni.uiti in no free from
knots that shin{;les are made from it. an<l many a
house in lalilornift and elsewhere is wholly "clap-
hoarded ' with it without plaiiiiii;. It, liowevcr,
shrinks more ihan any other wo'mI, and is rather Mift
for lloorin^;. In this respect it differs fmin S,;/utm
semNnueus (redwoixl), whicli, let it he ever -o wcl.
will not contract. /'. Stihiuuma is sai.l in Ikt too
knotty to make t;noil plank. The suj;ar I'ine is
lieautifully straight, hut t<io "Inasli "' for spai> in-
tlepctulently uf it-- not W\\\^ found near the coast in
anv tpiantiiy.
267 (hi. /'/.-VT, J/<'r/(*J {amahiUs} DouhI.). Tree
of small height ; hut this immaterial, as it nuisi he
stunted from its elevation, on one of the spurs o( the
>iskiyou Mountains (Sooo feel). Itranches in whorli;
cones hri^;ht hrown colour. This is sometiineH calleil
l.y the woodmen the halsam lir, froni the Idisters
of re-in on the liunk, \c. Some « '"ihes.- hliMcis will
)ie1d as imah as an ounce of re»in- 1 ha\e also heard
It calleil the silver In, while hr, and occasionally
while pine, ihout;h the latter name in tiie North
Pacific territories is u>ed lor /', w/d/;//* v/./, the ally or
represeniaiive of the Weymouth jiine {Pnuis jftr/>u>).
Sept. l8(>5.
267 {/>). Ptc.-n, t/^Yti-t. Kuund in the Redwood
lorests near .Smith's River. .Sept. 1S65.
26S. /.Mif.vAw/ '/rt«/T<v/.f. 7'orr. {7'/in/,i ('nii^^tiirii,
Orel,-. t"om.). In Calaloj;ue No. }, I have made some
remarks upon the synonyms of this species, re^ardin^
whiih, tiustinp to *' authorities ' (?», I had fallen
into enor. In my letter, wriilen to you fioin Jack-
sonville (descriptive of my jouriuv fnm the Wil-
lamcttearrossthefascades.viaKort Klamaih.t'iRoKUe
Kivcr Valley), I hive described this tree. It is sawn
into iiimlier in some places tindei the name of the
" rc<i cedar,' but it is not a very i;ood timber. It
cannot he split into planks easily, as it is too apt to
(ly into ribbons. I. ike s->ine of its allies ( 7/////ii
and l'u/>fYis»s,, it will last lon^: if piotcLtcd from the
jir by bein^ umler ^loiuul or in water ; but :/<v 7Yrs(t
if not. Ill this ifspect it ditfers from ./. /iou,i;lasii.
An acijuainlaiiLe of mme in Southern < Jrcjjon
(tlovernor Hri|;t;sf tells me that lie put up arin^; fence
of this timber, but in two years it was so rotten that
von coultl pnsli it ovtr. I fo».nd .-•. ^xv:iK scarcity of
seeds on this tree this year, tlumgh, from the remains, it
appears to have Imiiih' profusely last year. This is true,
.1-. I have previously remarked, on nearly all the trees
with the exception of perhapfc Qufniis Ifnuisii, Henth.,
.vhicli bore plentifully, and accorjinj^ly, in the dis-
trict-< when* it ^rew, I heard the i.iountainecis talk of
ihe tall of 1865 as a yood "bar year'' liears cal-
inj; the acorns and K<-'"'"K ^^'^ "P"" them- thonjjh the
contrary was the case iit the •' chincapin" (t'lrj/V/'/m
. /// rj./V/('//,») thickets, v^-hith liore alimi-,1 no fruit,
with an accompanying scarcity of "bars" in the
neighbourhood. Trees of /.t^viu/nix, which last year
bore profusely, bore this year veiv spiringly, and in
-onie Cftses not at all. Kroin the ilay 1 saw it first in
the fascade Maintains, m lal. 42 50' N., to the end
of the season, I am certain that «c i limbed, cut
down, or otherwise examined upwanls of a hundred
trees, yet I do not think that, after nil oui labour, we
obtained more than a do/icn cones, representing twice
or thrice as many weeds, though the same tiees pro-
duced last year by the bushel. Sept. 1S65.
269. 7'iixiii, .!/<. 2'*- feet in height ; on a spur of the
Sisk'voii .Mountains, f>u the border line liCtween
<»rej;on and ( nhh'rni.i ilat. \2 N.i. Sept. iSOy
Though gatheied long after the season of ripening
(juneor Julyi, I fiar that, though siiilitienih niaturrd
to sprnig, yd they are not fu'ly ripe.
270. <'ii/'i<:-tui, jA ^$ lugs .Old I p;ipei parcel^,
Tlie large>l liee of this sptiir-. wliul I saw vv,ts alM)iit
loo 01 150 fi ci in height, and 2 tVd m diimeter ; sub-
coimal in outline, though no regulni outline can be
nscribt-cl to i*. as it ditTers in shape and habit in dif-
ferent localilii -1. Some trees are light green in foliage;
other* dark ;..reen, and might Ik- .nisia'Kiii ho ///■.-
fft/r/is ifiYunnt, or. as hr Ncwlury most prolmbiy
ilid, for /"'//;/./ i^ti^iiHtAi. The strobili in uUi-stcrs on
Ihe superior surface of the Itonds near the apex, or on
the lwi;'s, though ii'it on the extreme .ipe\ if the
branclies ; branches with .111 tipwaid sweep, <.umiii^
otT ftont the stem at an acute angle ; in older trees
Ihe branches have rather a dnwnwar<l leiidencv, and
Ihe iiihldle ones project straight out, and nevei wi.li
the iipuard sweep, as on the upper pari of the tree,
and in young shrubs all the briinchcs have a general
upwant gKiwth ; bark mughish, madder brown
colour, tike bark of /.ik'n-ihn^, though »hitish rpi-
derniis ; in young trees the epideimis is nearly white
and siiHKiih ; the cones arc bn)wu ni nil the branches
npprr and lowci ; male catkins yellowisli ; tree gene-
tally unbranchcd for 20 feet. 1 found this 111 thi* moun-
t.iiiisof Southern t 'regiui in sunny exposiuts. This
is most probably f "////rfj/zt /.ir.i'si'itutiia. Mini., whicl.
|)r CiMipir (Patent office Report, |S^«, p, 4J2)
llesig:l.Hl■^ .i> the " Poit ( ttfoid ( cdar," though this is
generally l.iiowii tot lie ( alifornia b'ltanisi.is Cw/.i ..<//j
/nii^iiiHs, under wdiich name I »r Albert Kellogg has
descrilred it in the " Procredings oi tht I'alilomia
Academy of Nat. Scicncis," San lranui'-*o. Part i, and
been lately introduced ini^i Kngland, ilu.ugh in most
cases it lias been di.stiibiittil as ('. /..r,:u»ti<ift,i. I
neeil sc.ircely say that, from iK situation in Oregon, it
must be |)erfectlv hanly. C. fraj^rans, of Kellogg, is
^aid to be princijially found in the forests of South
' >rcgon bordering on the sea. .Votwiihsiaiuling the
uiinosi care, I find that these times and seed are, like
many other spi'cies of conifer.**, nffccled bv thelnrva ot
an insect, agaitisi which no care in colteeting 01 pick-
ing can guard. This h.is Iieen .1 source of great
vexation (o me, but )our evpcrtemeof simdai mishaps
will, 1 am sure, acpiit me of any blame. St-pt. 18(15.
271. I'onius wni/ii, Torr. 0>ur:ind, PI. Pratt, p.
S')l. On aspurof the .Siskiyon .M lUiMains, between
(liegon and talil-Hma, m I.U. 47 \. .\ ohrub b to
20 feet in height. Sept. |H{)5.
272. Cii fijtfi'ii lA/yu'/'^ii/'ii, l>ougl. \,l\ifi,iiu;i um-
fvnirens, Kellogg). I ree Uj feel in height; gulches
near Canon (ruck, Sept. iK(>(;. Hears fee-l greiililv
ii|>on the chincapin, and the old hunters talk about
thickets of ihi<i ^>lant a* his "bar wood." This i^ noi
positively a diflercnt species honi ibe succeeding (No.
'ly, though the hunter-' look unoii it as suih. It
aiiaiti' thi- licighi of to feet, and 1 foot m ili.imeter.
Jt.irk, epidermis whiti-h ; s.ipwo<«l tough and rather
white; niul the durarien hanl and brown (rv*/.- speci-
mens) ; the nuts me much largi-r, and the leaves
broader and less golden coloured on the under surface
th.in No. 273; the branches arc nearly at right
angles tothc stem, and Iwi-lett and curved irregularly ;
branchlels at acute angles to branches ; fruit near the
apex. CancmCJeck. Sept. 1S65.
273. C.ehnn^tHylht. MountlK-tweent lieat Klamnili
MarsharidKort Klamath. 4lect in hLighi. .Xugjisi 1805.
273 <<". Thtijii, lun-a s/'.ii,'. A glance at the loiiage,
the cones, and general ajtpearancc of this plant, is
• {uile sufficient 10 establish it^ noik-identity vvrth ThuiA
i^ii^autt't^ Nutt. I therefore prefer to leave it without
further description. I found the tree growing on the
banks of the XN'illamette River in Oregon, mil tar from
Portl.uui, and was induced to collect specin.eiis of it
trom it', appearance being somewhat different from
any specimens (d /'. ;7;-.////rti which 1 had seen on the
banks of that river. The period of its gathering was
ill May 1S65 ; and though it was covere^l with oid
cones, of course there were imne in seed. At the lime
I was busily occupied, and did not ujiisider it ilis-
tinct, having no spvcinieiis to '.iter to ; but on suIjsc-
ijuent examina ion, and a ' -msLiUTation of the fact
tliat in all the .sped'-, iis which I evaminLul the
remarkable differences «ere peiniajicnt, I concludcti
that it was a liistinct sptcies.
Mr Hrown hrvh also sent home .speciincn.s ol t»oods,
vi/., No'*. 247, 251 (liaik) ; 251 itwo specimens nl
wood); 254 (bark;; 2bS (two species); 270 ftwo
species) ; 272 (two s|>ecic>) ; also, dried specimens of
plants, the seeds of which are either in this box or ha\e
been sent previously, with one or two doubtful si>ecies :
- -'Juitipenis Jfi-iin-ititii, .Ifitis /iru(i{ti, /*,nrt.f i.am-
hi'ttuiua (abortive conesl, Qucnin O'ltnyuiHit, Pintu
,oti{oit,i (male catkins), ./..t nniiiiitiiiu, Qui'itftf //».,
yfitit/vii/f s/'.- -no seeds.