54 UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. to Mankind. Thofe Aims alone are worthy ofj Spirits truly great, and fuch I therefore hopel will be yours. Refentment indeed may remain,! perhaps cannot be quite extingtiifhed, in thel nobleft Mindsi but Revenge wii. never harbour there : Higher Principles thanthofc of the firftJ ^nd better Principles than thofe of the latter J will infallibly influence Men whofe Thoughts and whoTe Hbarts are enlarged, and caufe ther to prefer the whole to any Part of MankindJ efpecially to fo fmall a Part as one's fingle fel( Believe me, my Lord, I look upon you as Spirit entered into another Life, as one juft upoij the Edge of Immortality, where the PalTions an^ AfFe£tiotis mud be much more exalted, anJ where you ought to defpife all little Views, an] all mean Retrofpedls^ Nothing is worth yoi looking back ; and therefore look forward, an] ^ake (as you can) the World look after youj But take Gare it be not with Pity, but wi^ Efteem and Admiration. I am, with the greatcft Sincerity, and Pafllc for your Fame as well as Happinefs, your, &c. Thb above moft cbarmingy and mofi affeSliottA Letter was "written about a Month before Aj r>?/«.-» .r n. .r .A. "«* t Ally iiiiiig Ku iiij — i uiiuii^. . iiiMUjj i»er«^r^^^^^ difcharge ■'t difcharge PLATE f PLATE 4- ■ .,*»... ni^, 3•'^>^■. .fl-^t-^/v sjLMA^A**^ AiTurance heavenly Vilion: But Ihcwed hrll UM6 \mi\ m Damafcus, and at Jerufalcm, and throughout aU 'f- I, and throughout •U «• £ 2 FOPE pcrhapi» ■( yuui — 1 iiui. wi juiiiii iiuiiiiiiu, nil worth ..,, fustaiL,. ►!h- i, 4p^ i*S* » » ,. ** f t. ,« f CO it ', * **♦-< #'l^ * ^ 4- >■ ..-^- Univerfal Stenography. CHAP. I. INTRODUCTION. TO enumerate the Advantages of the Gra- phic Art in general, would be idly la- bouring to illuftrate what is obvious to ever/ Capacity, and difputed by none ; and to particu- larize the Viciffitudes every Species of it has undergone, would lead to Difquifitions equally tedious and futile. Writing is univerfally allowed to be the nobleft Invention that can pofllbly be conceiv- cd. So high indeed are the Ideas fome fornn of it, that they fuppofe it to be of Divine Origin. It is, certainly, a capital Blelling, and eminentlji^i^ tinguiflies its PolTeflbrs from the unpoUlhei^c 1 UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHV of the human Race. Some Nations, on whom Learning never (hone, nor Science difplayed her Face i but whofc Capacity of receiving is much greater than their Opportunity of procuring In- ftrufkion, are faid to exprefs the higheft Admira- tion, when they hear that an European, by a feem- ing Commixture of black and white Lines, can converfe with a Correfpondent at even an unli- mited Diftance. And with juft Reafon they may admire: 'Tis to Writing thoufands are indebted for half the Plcafure of their Exiftence j to it we owe that fecial Intercourfc of Words, and fwcet Communication of Sentiments with Friends and Relations, perhaps feparatcd from us by Oceans and Continents; by it we arc enabled to partici- pate their Joys, and condole their Misfortunes ; by it we can exprefs the Language of the Hearr, when the Eye that brightens with Joy, or fwims in Tears, is invifible to them, and the Voice that would footh Affliftion, or congratulate Suc- cefs, is impofTible to be heard. But although the pleafant and ornamental Purpofes to which Writing may be applied arc innumerous and invaluable, they are all exceeded by its Utility, when made fubfervient to the Ends of Trade and Commerce (that Bcmd and Cement of Society, that Union of dillant Na^. tions). \ 4- PHV ions, on whom :e difplaycd her ceiving is nnuch f procuring In- ligheft Admira- 3ean,by afecm- 'hite Lines, can It even an unli- Leafon they may ids are indebted ftence ; to it wc '^ords, and fwect (rith Friends and m us by Oceans abled to partici- tir Misfbrturiits ; gc of the Heart, h Joy, or fwims and the Voice ongratulate Sue* and ornamental y be applied arc ^ are all exceeded bfervienc to the (that Bmid and 1 of diftant Na« tions). tfUlYKRSAL STEMOORAPHr. | tidns), which cannot be tranfaAed without it } or when employed in Compofitions pregnant with InftruAion and Delight, and calculated for the nobleft of Purpofes, — the Improvement of Mankind. Devoid of Writing, the Penetration of fuperior Judgment, the Sallies of Imagination, iand the falutary Advice of Wifdom and Experi- ence, would die with their Poffcffors, and be unavailing to Pofterity. The Hero would be undifTinguifhtd with the Inaftive, and the Benefaftor with the Incendiary. Exalted Abilities, and illuftrtous Adbns, could lay no Claim to Immortality. Ambition, 'tis true, #o«iM be deprived of its fatal Spring; but cbnfcious . Merit would likewife Iqfe its Hope. WithoutWriting, the Occurrences of Aiitiquity, at bed fcen through a long and interruptedViila, would have been entirely unknown ; and even tnodern Accounts would have been fo blended irith FiAion, by frequent Retail, that they wotdd hate cenided lather to bewifder thaa inform. Bv T however vitkaed the general Tafte of the #Orhi tnay be, tlhere is no Danger of being negrigeht of the Graphic Art; its Pleafures aad Profits are amply fufficient to recommend it, without the Pen of a Panegyrift. And 1 maf B 2 add, X 4 UNIVERSAL STEKOGRAPHY. add, that in the Hand commonly ufcd, no real Improvement can be made, or a Plan adopted to render it more complete and expeditious : It fcems to be arrived at the higheft Degree of Perfeilion, and incapable of any Alteration for the better. One Species of Writing, however, the Utility and Convenience of which are inconteftibly great, feems to be under aCloud; neither brought to a wilhed for Degree of Perfcflion, nor regarded as an Objedt of general Attention— I mean. Short Writing*; a Hand which confers no mean Pleafure on tht ready Praftifer of • Bdldes the Encommms which every Author of this Art pays it, whofeVerdift may in fome Meafure be deemed partial, the Opinions of fome of the wifeft and mod learned Men are fufficient to recommend it. Mr. Locke, in his adminbre Eflay on Education, exprefsly mentions it, as a vfeAil and convenient- Accompliftment, although it was then in its rudeft State, and H^lf its Advantages almoft unknown. Mr. Molyncux, likemfe, in a Letter to the aforefiud Gen- tleman, fpcaks of it thus : *♦ I will have my Son taught " Short Hand : I do not mean," fays he, " in that PerfefUon *< to copy a Spet^h 6om the Month of a ready %MHdcer ; but ** to be able to write it readfly £ir his own pnvate Bufineft. " Believe me. Sir, it is u ufeful a Knack as any Man of ** Bufinefs or Scholar can be Mafter of. I have found the «< Want ofit myfelf, and feen the Advaatt^ of it in othcn *« frequently.'* ♦ , ' f '^j'—^i^-M-JJiAAi . HY. ufed, no real Plan adopted cpeditious : It sft Degree of Alteration for 'er, the Utility f incontcftibly leither brought erfcdion, nor al Attention— which confers iy Praftifer of Author of this Art ; be deemed partial^ aft learned Men are :, in his admirabTe it, as a ufefiil and t was then in its s almoft unknown. ) the aforeiaid Gen- ive my Son taught "in thatPerfeaioa ready Spedccr; but wn private Buiine&> ack as any Man of . I have found the itage of ft ia othen OhlVEB-SAL STENOGRAPHY. 5 k, and highly dcfervcs univerfal Regard. By it the uiiconnefted and evancfcent Ideas way be inftantly caught, and arranged at Leifure j and the Mind freed from the Burthen of Retention. Beautiful Conceptions, fublime Sentiments, and elegant Expreffions, are apt to ftart in the.Breaft of every one who has the lead Pretentions to Erudition or Refinement ; and often Men of the moft profound Judgment, or lively Imagina- tion, have the moft unretentive Memories. Such frequently drop the new-formed Idea, before it can be expreffed in the commonWay, and often with unavailing Reflection ftrive to re-alTemble their fcattered Thoughts. To fuch, therefore. Stenography ought to re- commend itfelf in the moft powerful Manner j to fuch its peculiar Advantages muft be obvious; but not to thofe alone; Men of every Rank and Profeffion may be profited by the Study of it.. Whether Critic or Philofopher, whether Poet or Hiftorian, whether Mathematician or Mechanic, a Traveller or a Man of Contemplation; each would find the Labour of its Attainment fully compenfated by its Utility. By it we can make the copious Effufions of auiimated Oratory our own ; catch the foothing, . B 3 Uic •* ^-- ISl t UNIVERSAL STENOORAPHT, the perfuafive, the beautiful or fublime, fre(h from the Lips of a Speaker we admire. If a Patriot pleads with all the Warmth of Heart-felt Zeal for the Frefervation of the Rights and Immunities of his Country ; or a Counfcllor, difdaining the fordid Bribe, declaims againft powerful Injuilice, and efpoufes the Caufe of honeft Indigence ; what a plcafing Satisfaftion will the ready Pradice of this Art confer 1 If the Quibbles of Law perplex j or Sophiftry attempt to pervert the Caufe of Juftice, and throw a Glofs of Innocence over Yillany and Opprefllon ^ by what JMeans can we obtain fo perfe£l; aq Elucidation of the Truchj or Development of Falfchood, as by having it in our Power tq review what was advanced, the Extenuation that was offered, and the Palliatiycs that were ferved i)p ? Words, at the f|rft hearing^ may haye Plau- fibility enough to impofe on the keeneft Pepctra- tion; but if by the Means of Stenography brought to the Teft of Truth, the latent Sophifm will bo difcovcred, and Plaufibility no longer deceive. But to enumerate all its Conveniencif s and Advantages would be needlefs, as they areielf-evi- dent : And to deduce from its Origin the Source of itsNeglieA -, to point out the Reafons that ob- fttv)^ the Attatiunentof it; or to criticlie particu- larly t- TTNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. 7 larly the numerous Syftems that from Time to Time have beenexhibited to the Public, is neither my Intention nor my Wi(h i farther than may tend to reform an Error and Omifllon in Educa- tion> and to remove the Objections which forbid its becoming univerfal, by the Execution of this Performance, The Art of Stenography, or Short Writing, was efteemed and ufed by fome of the Ancients of every civilized Nation. The Egyptians, thofe venerable Inventors of Letters and Literature, by a Delineation of Figures, called afterwards Hie- roglyphics, at firft expreffed their Words*. A more concife Mode of Writing feems to have been afterv/ards introduced, in which only a Part of the Symbol or Pidture was drawn. This in fome Degree anfwered thePurpofeof Short Hand. After them,theHebrews, theGreeks, and theRomansf , jadopted different Methods of abbreviating their Words and Sentences, fuited to their refpedlive Languages. The Initials, the Finals, or Radicals, often ferved for whole Words ; and various Com- * The Chinefc written Languagre (if it may be fo eaQed) fecms to refemble the ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics } and jth* Mexicans, with Tome interior Nations of America, arc faid to have a fjmbdical Reprefentation of their Ideas. ^ Vide BuxtdrffXaertius, Plutarch, &c. B 4 binatioQs 8 UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHy. binations of thcTe fometimcs formed a Sentence. Arbitrarics and Marks werclikcwifc employed, to determine the Meaning, and afTid Legibility} and it fecms probable that every Writer, and every Author of Antiquity, had fome peculiar Method of Abbreviation, calculated to facilitate the Ex- prefTion of his own Sentiments, and perhaps intelligible only to himfelf. 'Tis alfo probable, that fome might by thcfc Means take down the Heads of a Difcourfe or Oration ; but Few, very Few, could, I prcfume, have followed a Speaker though all the Laby- rinths of Rhetorick; and noted with Precifion every minute Articulation, as it dropped from his Mouth, in a Manner legible even to themfelves. _ To arrive at fuch confummate PerfcdUon in the Art was referved for more modern Times, and even now it is not the Gift of many. Im every Language of Europe, till about the Clofc of the fixteenth Century, the Roman Plan of Abbreviation (viz. fubftituting the Initials, or Radicals,with the Help of Arbitrarics* for Words) appears to have been employed. Till then, no regular Alphabet had been invented ex^refsly for J Stenography J when an Englifli Gentleman of the Name ■f- Sentence. ipIoycd,to [)ility}and and every ir Method tc the Ex" i perhaps It by thefe fcourfe or [ prcfume, he Laby- Precifion d from his lemfelves. _ rfedion in rn Times, ny. about the •man Plan [nitials, or brWprds) 1 then, no i>refslyforJ nan of the Name .Universal STENOGRAPHY. 9 Nanae of Willis invented and publilhcd one *. His Plan was foon altered and improved ; or at leaftprctended tobefo. OneAlteration fucceedcd another J and at Intervals, for a Scries of Years paft, fome Men of Ingenuity, of ftrong Memory and intenie Application, have compofed andpub- lifhed Syftems of Stenography, and indubitably been able to reap themfclvcs all the Advantages that attend it : But among the various Methods that have been propofed,and the different Plans that have been adopted by Individuals, not one has yet appeared fortunate enough to gain general Approbation j or proved fufficiently fimple, clear and concife, to be univerfally ftudied and prac- tifed. SoMB Syftems are indeed replete with unmean- ing Symbols, perplexing Arbitrarics, and ill- judged Contraftions j which render them fo to- tally unattainable by a common Capacity, or or- dinary Application, that it is not to be wondered at, if they have funk into Contempt, and been * Mr. Locke fays, a regular Method of Short Writing fcenw to be known and praftifed only i>i Britain : thi* however is not now the Cafe ; aad indeed I know no Rea- fon why Chamdlers may not be invented, to exprefs the va.. rious Sounds, or Letters, employed in any Language, either •ncicnt or siodeni. covered ■J lO wriIVERSAL STfNOOHAPHT. covered by Oblivion*. Other Syftems, by be- ing too prolix ; by containing a Multiplicity of Charafters, and thofe Charafters badly invent- ed and as badly applied ; become ineffeftual to the Purpofc of Expedition, and are only fuperior in Obfcurity to a common Hand. Some again not only rejeft all Arbitraries and Con- iraftions, but even Prepofitioni and Termina- tions ; which laft, if not too lavilhly employed and badly devifed, highly coptribgtc to promote » A LuT of WaiTin Qn SrijiooEArHT, Mr. M&ft Aldridge, Angell, Annet, Bamabyf Bl«nchard» BlandemorCi Bloflet, Botley, Bridget, Byroin» Colc«, Croft, Plx, Everardt, Ewen, Facey, Farthing, Gibbt, Gumey, Heath, Holdfwortb, Hopkint, Jeake, Labourer, Ii«ne, Lyle, Macauley, Mafon, Mavor, Metcalfe, Mitchell, Na(h, Nicholaf, Palmer, Rich, Ridpath, Sheltoni Soare^ Steele, Tanner^ Taylor, Thickiicflti Tiffen, Webfter, Wefton, Willtamfon, WtlIli,B.D and Wittii, &c. both 't- UNIVSKML 9TBN0ORAPHT. If ms, by be» iltiplicity of idly invent- ineffeftual id are only land. Some ;s and Con- \ Termlna- y employed : to promote! dmer, icb« idpathf lehoni wrci hickMcfltf iffen» ebfter, 'efton, 'illtainfon» 'Ulti,B.D and H both both Expedition and Legibility } and though they reduce their Charadkers to fewer than can pofllbly exprefs the various Modifications of Sound, yet they make nearly one Half of them complex. In the Dilpofition of the Vowels, I have obferVed the greateft Perplexity in every Syftem. A Dot is fometimes fubftituted for all the Vowels indifcriminately, and the Judgment is left to determine which Letter out of Six it for the prefent Purpofe ) or a minute Space ii allotted them} which, unlefs the Writing be performed with Mathematical Exactitude, is almoft undiftinguiftiable, and impoITible to be pbfcrvcd or pradifed with Certainty, when any Degree of Expedition is required. Both which Methods are in my Opinion equally cenfura- ble, becaufe they expofe to Uncertainty and Confufion. Nor is the ridiculous Plan of lift- ing the Pen, and putting the next Confonant in the Vowers Place in the Middle of Words, lefs liable to Objedions ; or that of inferting all the Vowels with diftin£t Charaflers to reprefent them^ being obvioufly ill-calculated for the Ends p( Expedition, aud confequently inadmifliblt into any rational Syftem* It ia to be confeflcd, that the firft Perfoii who projeAed the Omiflion of Vowels in the Middle of X 11 UNIVERSAL KTCNOORAPHr. of Words *, which, it is ob 'ious, are not wanted, and invented Letters, hjw-ver rude, that would admit of Union, wiriiout lifting the Pen, to the End of the WurJ, made a real Improvement on the Works of his Predcccflfors. But in fine, all they Syftcrms I have had an Opportunity of examining, either in their Plan or > kcci. ion, labour under fome capital Di*fc'«, '« ^"d with Circumftances highly cl.l^i.jra^^iag tu the Learner, in rcndcrino; hi'n at a L - without much Difficulty to dccyp^Kr his own (land; or arc ftill more cenfurablc .ind incf^nvcr icnt, by abfolutcly defearing the End of their Invention, in being too ted.uus to be pra£lifed with the re- quiGtc Speed, too encumbering to the Memory, and too perplexing to the Judgment. To obviate thefe Defefts, to provide againft Prolixity, improper Concifcnefs, and . every Pofiibility of Obfcurity ; to exhibit a Syftem founded on the fimpleft Principles, perfectly y • Dr, Byrom rcjefted Vowels entirely in the Middle of Words, as others before him had done only partially. Without critically exaiAinIng the executive Part of his Per- formance, which is very defcAive, it muft be oifitions and Ter- minations, from fele£ting the moft frequent of which, and adapting fimple Characters for them^ the greateft Utility refults, they will I truft be found perfe£lly eafy in their Appltcatian. The Arbitraries are few in Number f, and the arbitrary Abbreviations, as they are entirely from the letters of the Alphabet* and chofen from Ibme Thoufands of Words in conrnum Ufir, will well repay the Learner for an Hour's Trouble in commitciflg them to Memory. The lafi: Chapter lays down a Scheme of Ab'. , breviation for the Ufe of Proficients in t^it MuV * Thofe for th and cb may either be made upright, or flop- ilaig to the right. f Thefe ate not by any Means prefcribed ; thty may be alloyed or not, according to the Fancy of the Xeamer. 6 comprifed ■h lue Diftinc-' always kepi the iimpld cs. 1 trlole Con- It, confiftent lly provided ife by adopt- Formation ; ns and Ter- frequent of rs for themi 11 1 truft be atian. er t, and the ;ntif ely from chofen from on U(«, will i Trouble in letne of .;Aii!>H^ , inthiaAriu:- ipright, orflop< : ; thfey may be dK Xiearner. comprifed VMIYER&AL STENCORArHr. »5 comprifed in a fet/ Rules, perfeAly eafy to underftand and pradtife, which I truft will anfwer every Purpofe of their Deftination, and be ac* knowledged by all to be free from the Per- plexity complained of in the moft celebrated Perfornnances where Abbreviation is admitted. The principal Rules, which I conceive are new, are fo eafy, fo extenlive in their Ufe, and fo confiftent with Expedition and Legibility, if applied with Judgment, that they alone might fuffice. The Learner is however advifed by no means to adopt any of them, till Experience con- .vinces him that they may be ufed without Error, or Injury to Legibility. All abbreviating Rules are fuited to thofe only who have made fome Progrefs in the Stenographic Art ; for although they indubitably promote Expedition in a wonderful Degree, and afford the greateft Eafe to a Proficient} yet a Learner, as Expedition is not his firfl, though his ultimate View, (hould admit' of nothing that in the leaft renders the Reading difficult. Such is the general Account of my Perform- ance. To be my own Panegyrift would be futile, and to detract from my PredeceiTors ungenerous ; but if a Syftem that admits of a fuperior Degree of Beauty Sfld Unedit^ in the Writing, -+•- ,* ir: 1$ vnivIrsal stenographs Writing:, with the utmoft Expedition and eafiefi: Legibility, can be allowed any Merit j I hope the Public, before whofe Tribunal this Work appears, will receive it with Candour and Indul- gence, and allow that I have made fome real Innprovennents in the StenogM^hic Art. • ; 'm. .vi^^^ "h a p. ir. -m tQB||PN^RAL PRINCIPLES OF STENOGRAPHY. ^HE Englifli Alphabet cbnfifts of twenty- fix Letters j fix of which are Vowels, a, e, i, o, u, and y j and the otherTwenty Confonants, b> c, d, f, g, h, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, Vf, X, and z. j This Alphabet, as i& obferved by the bcft I Grammarians that have written on the Lan- , guage, is both defedive and redundant in ex- 1 prefilng the various Modipcations of Sqund *. Custom or Caprice has afligned fomeLetters i Placci when others would with much thoire l^ropriety and Eafe exprefs the fan>e Sound ; and V' ' ' ^■*^>^ - ■" # Vide Dr. Lowth's and Prieftky^s Grammar* :«''=■'" I,: ,, "■» -^' i!emm'^ 4- Clateiv: uMBaradiom IP s^ f r f Q> r / / "i O-ly c \j W ^ V «r»- X v^ oR < N f^ < -b. ** ^ .i »1 Q_ a.y- *-\ ai> «s -If^ { Plat»V. JOB r/ff^JSRxrr/. 4 "-^ ^'^ ' '"'/^ ' <**" ''~\y- \ ^ <- .2/) I ^ /" V7 ^/qJ? ^'iS*^^ l-P.. ' ) /'/ H •£ MP ■^^ ;ii ' w i*i.' --Wi^r >-, ilSk"; '/;. '*4^ 3^ l>. 1^ * .V: • :»^- --i£a!T.,-7jii i.^at I 'f-- Ol. nTif*'*''" '> ¥'■ UMIVIRSAL tTiNOORAFMV. n to this may be added, that Teveral Letieri, fomctimei in the fame Word, feem to be ad- mitted for no other Reafon, than to perplex a young Beginner or a Foreigner, as an Obftruftion to true Pronunciation, and to add to the apparent Length of the Word, when they arc entirely quieicent and ufclefs. That this is the Genius of the Orthography of our Language, nnuft be perceived by the moft fuperficial Cbferver ^ but no modern Tongue that I know of, is abfolutely free from the fame Exceptions. In particular, the French has a great Number of dormant Letters, which it is obvious render the Pro- nunciation more difficult ana perplexing to Learners*. But as it is neither my Intention nor my Bufinefs to propofe a Mode of Spelling different from that in common Ufe, when applied to Printing or Long Hand Writing (fince feveral Innovate in Orthography have fallen into Contempt, and their Plans have been only preferved at Beacons to warn others * The Latin wad Greek claim ajuft Superiority orer every modeni Tongue in this RefpeA. In them noConfiifion or Doubt can anfe from the Manner of Spelling) and the Reader can fcarcely be wrong (unlcii in Quantity) in found* ing all the Letters he (ee». C of ■% i8 UNIVERSAL 8TEK0ORAPHY. of the Folly of endeavouring to fubvcrt cfta- bliftied Principles) ; I ftiall only obferve, that in Stenography, where the mod expeditious and concife Method is the beft, if confiftent with Perfpicuity, the following fimple Rules are ftudioutty to be regarded and pradtifed. Rule I. FOR THE CONSONANTS. All quiefcent or unfounding Confonanta in Words, arc to be dropped ; and the Ortho- graphy is be dircded by the Pronunciation only : which being known to all, will render this Art attainable by thofe who cannot abfolutely fpcll with Precifion in Long Hand, * R u L E II. If Confonanis are not entirely dormant, they may often be omitted, without the Icaft Obfcufity or Confufion : the Judgment of the Writer will eafily determine wbtn. R U LB I- UNIVERSAL ST£NOGRAPHY. 19 ibvcrt cfta- bferve, that expeditious if confiftcnt mplc Rufcs praftifed. Rule III. Two or fometimcs more Confonants may, to promote greater Expedition, be exchanged for a fingle one of nearly fimilar Sound; and no Ambiguity, as to the Meaning, enfue *. Rule IV. Confonants I the Ortho- ronunciation II render this )t abfolutely When two Confonants of the fame Kind or fame Sound come together, without any Vowel between them, only one is to be expreffed ; but if a Vowel or Vowels intervene, both are to be written ; unlefs they are perpendicular, horizontal or oblique Lines, which muft only be drawn a Size longer than ufual j and Charafters with Loops muil have the Size of their Heads doubled f. k ' H ily dormant, 3ut the leaft yment of the * By this Rule likewife g and v in the Middle of Words, but never in the Beginning, may be exchanged for i andy^ when they admit of an eafier Connexion with the following Charaf^r, or will make the Writing appear neater. t Vide Hate IV. Rule C a THE X •0 VNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. THE FIRST RULE EXEMPLIFIED. Might is to be written AC/, Fight Fit, Machine Mafiin, enough enuf, laugh /«/, Prophet Prcfet, Phyfics Fi/tks, through thro*, Foreign Feren, Sovereign Soveren, Pfalm Sam, Receipt i?5/?/, Wright iZ/V, Ifland 7/<»«ng-Hand le adopted tlT. \ upon a rc- phabec ; I I the former leen careful omparative Charafters Trials and jropcr, and :onfifts of wo for the onfonants), iJurves ; the Formation Formation and Application of which I (hall now explain, beginning with the Vowels. For the three fird Vowels, a, e, and /, a Comma is appropriated in different Pofltions ; and for the other three, 0, u, and^, a Point. The Comma and Point, when applied to a and <;, are to be placed as in Plate I. at the Top of the next Character ; when for e and «, oppofite to the Middle -, and when for 1 and^, at the Bottom. This Arrangement of the Vowels is the mod fimple and diftindt that can poITibly be devifed. Places at the Top, the Middle and the Bottom of Charafters, which make three different PoHtions, mufl be readily allowed tobeaseafily marked from one another, as any three feparate Characters could be. A Comma is made with the fame Facility as a Point : and indeed it is Matter of Wonder to me, that no one has «ver before adopted a Plan which it is obvious would have prevented the Abfurdity of allotting a Point or Dot for all the Vowels indifcriminately in the fame Pofition ; or of afligning them Places fo very nice, as to render them impoflible to be obfcrved with Certainty, or praftifed with Speed. or '■wAl" !".,■ a8 UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. OF LINES. Simple Lines may be drawn four diflferenc Ways i Perpendicular, Horizontal, and with an Angle of about 45 Degrees to the right and left. An afccnding oblique Line to the right, which will be perfcaiy diftinft from the reft when joined to anyotherChara6ler, muft likewife beadmitted. Thcfe Charafters being the fimpleft in Nature, I have afligned them for five of the Confonants that moft frequently occur, viz. /, r, /, € hard or kt and c foft or s. See Plate I. OF CIRCLES. Every Circle may be divided with a perpendi- cular and horizontal Line, fo as to form likewife four diftinft Charafters. Thefc being the next to Lines in the Simplicity of their Formation, I have appropriated them for i, d, », and m. See Plate L OF MIXED CURVES AMD LINES. These Charafters expreflling nine of the Con- fooants, all perfeftly diftinft from one another, only ,4- ■r IT. UNIVERSAL STEKOGRAPHY. 29 jr different ind with an ;hc and left, ight, which when joined readmitted, in NaturCj Confonants r, tt t hard a perpendi- >rm likewife ing the next 'ormation, I and m. See «ES. of the Con- [>ne another, only only eight more arc needful, viz./, g ory, b,p, g,w, V, and x. To find Charafters for which we mud have Recourfe to mixed Curves and Lines. The CharaAers I have adopted are the fimpleft in Nature after thofe already applied, admit of the eafieft joining, and tend to preferve Linealicy anci Beauty in the Writing. See Plate I. It mud be obfervcd I have no diftinA CharaAer for c, which has always a hard Sound, as in Cafile ; or foft, as in Cify^ and therefore naturally ukes the Sound o(k, or j, which in all Cafes will be fufficient to fupply its Place. Ri likewife, is reprefented by the fame Cha* rafter as /; only with this Difference, r is written with an afcending Stroke *, and / with a defcending ; which is always to be known from the r^^mner of its Union with the following Charadcer ; but in a few Monofyllables where r is the only Confonant in the Word, and con- fequendy ftands alone, it is to be made as is (hewn in the Alphabet, for Diftinftion's fake. • The Charaftyed in the and harder , whenever fkiab, &c. in and ap- tprefent all r which fee loyed each re Words ; ccurrence, Thefc we not in- have done, ;very Cafe, jnd highly ic Writer. Memory, I sns for the araAer to which that fubjoined e, between^ btyfollow- , however y Magi/irattt otberwifty ,rememS€r, ReaUude, ReSfitudtt feveraly Scripture^ tbemfehes, Trouble, Voice y Vengeance f wbo/oevery fVriting, Exce/s^ exceedingly. CHAP. IV. IHE PREPOSITIONS AND TERMINATIONS. THE Prepofttions and Terminations in this Scheme are fo fimple, that the greatest Benefit may be reaped from them, and very little Trouble required to attain them i as the in> cipient Letter or the incipient Confonant of all the Prepofitions, and of fcveral of the Termina- tions, is ufed toexprefs the whole. But although in Plate II. fufficient Specimens are given of the Manner of their Application; that the Learner of lefs Ingenuity, or more flow Percep- tion, may have every Afltftance, the following DircAions are fubjoined. ■ R U L £ I. The Prepofition is always to be written with- out joining ; yet fo near as plainly to fliew what a Word 3* UNIVERSAL STEKOGRAPHT. Word it belongs to, and the bcft Way is to ob- ferve the fame Order as if the Whole was to be connedted. See Plate II. Rule II. A Prepofition, though the fame Letters that conflitute it may be met with in the Middle or End of a Word, is never to be ufed, becaufe it would expofe to Obfcurity. Rule III. Observe that the Prepofition omnit is exprelTed by the Vowel o in its proper Pofition ; and for antif anta, ante^ by the Vowel «, which the radi- cal Part of the Word will cafily diftinguifli from being only fimple Vowels. The firft Rule for the Prepofiiions is (allow- ing fuch Exceptions as may be feen in the Plate) to be obferved for the Terminations ; and alfo the fecond mutatis mutandu ; except, that when- ever //,/<», jg'j, cious, thus find as occur, they are to be exprefled as direded in the fourth Rule J-> ly is to ob- e was to be irNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHy. 33 ftuJc for the Confonants, whether in the Begin- ning, Middle, or End of Words *. ^etters that ! Middle or :d, becaufe It U L E The terminative Charafter for tioh,Jton, cioH tiatty tiatit 'S to be exprei jd by a fmall Circle joined to the ncareft Letter, and turned to the right i and the Plurals, tions.ftons, cions dans, tians, tience, by a Dot on the fame fide. Vide Plate II. ku L £ is expreiTed 1 ; and for :h the radi- guilh from I is (allow- 1 the Plate) i ; and alfo that when- >ccur, they the fourth Rule TriE terminative Charafter for ing h to be txpreffed likewife by a fmall Circle, but drawn to the Left-hand; and its Plural ingst by a Dot "f, * But in a few Wordif, wlierc I have obferved three hori^ xontal Charaften. to meet, it wUl be better to exprefs the Sis, &c. by the Semi-elUptica! Charaaer in Plate II. oppofite tiout. i In horizontal Charafters, the Left-hand is meant to be at Top, and the Right unden See % joined, Plate tv. In aU other Charaftera, the right and left Pofitions will na^ turally be knowm D kt; L B X 34 UNIVERSAL STENOORAPHY. R U L E VI. The plural Sign s, is to be added to the terminativc Charafters when neccffary. Rule VII. The feparated Tcrminafions are never to be ufed, but in Polyfyllables, or Words of more Syllables than one. These Rules duly obfcrved, will p-^tjv * :: a Method as concife and elegant as cm '■§ dcfired, for exprcffing the moft frequent and longeft Prepofuions and Terminations in the Englifh Language. If it fhould be thought neccffary to increafc their Number by the Addition of others, it will be an cafy Matter for any one of the lead Difcernment to do fo, by proceeding in the Principles before laid down. CHAP. J-. tY. idded CO the fary. c never to be »rds of more t as c\n ^■>e frequent and itions in the [ be thought ibcr by the fy Matter for to do fo, by ; laid down. CHAP. VMIVERSAL STSNOORAPHY. 3S CHAP. V. ADDITIONAL DIRECTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS. I. THE moft natural Way of joiningthe Cha- raders is conftantly to be followed, which wiU generally be felf-evident ; and therefore any particular Direftions <^'Ould rather perplex than inform. The Paradigm of the Combinations of every two Characters will elucidate the pro- per Method (if there is any Difficultjr in find- ing it) better than any Explanation that could be offered. II. In Writing, obferve with Nicety at firft, and it will foon become habitual, a due Proportion of the Charaders, bccaufe in that the Beauty and Elegance of this Arc chiefly confift *. The * Thofe who prafilfe much, Should always make ufe of Glafies to magnify the Characters, and fave thtir Sight, The beft Crow-quills are by far the fitteft to write with. D 2 Smallnefs «^ UNIVEHSAL STENOORAPHV. o Smallncfs of the Charaftcrs, likewife, greatly promotes Expedition i but when that is not the immediate Objeft, the Writing may be made the fame Size as Plate V. which is exhibited in larger CharaiSlcrs, as ireingmoft convenient and eafy to copy from. It will probably be expelled, that I fliould give fome Direftions for Pointing ; but I think it unneccflary to be very precife in that Refpeft, and when great Expedition is required, it is im- polTible to be fo. Thofe who have fufficient Leifure, may exprefs a Comma by inverting it, and placing it above ; a Semicolon by its ufual Mark, as it does not interfere with the Charac- ters i a Colon by an inverted Comma below; and a Period by a Diagonal Hair-ftroke to the left •, or a wider Space between the Words. A Note of Interrogation and Admiration may be ufcd as in common. See Plate III. X • A Period will be the only rcquiCte Point in fwift Writing. IV. To ^ . greatly s not the >e made libited in client and I fliould jt I think Refpeft, it is im- fufficient iTcrting it, f its ufual « Charac- low; and a the left*, A Note be ufcd as oint in fwiil IV. To CNIVKRSAL STENOGRAPHY. To exprcfs Figures by Charafters, though it may not materially promote Expedition, or facilitate the Acquirement of the Science of Numbers, is yet ufeful for thofe who choofc to keep private Memorandums, or to conceal their Tranfaftions from the Public Eye. I (hall therefore appoint the Charadlers in Plate III, for the nine Digits, or numeral Figures ; which any Perfon by tranfpofing may render unin- telligible to any but himfelf, ihould this Art become univerfally known. To decyphcr Stenography, a Talk generally more difficult than writing it, I recommend to the Learner that he make himfelf firft perfeftly Mailer of the Alphabet, Prepofiti»ns and Ter- minations, &c. and then proceed immediately to decypher the Plates, Letter by Letter, into Long-hand} which will at once habituate him to the proper Method of Spelling, Writing, and Joining. This may be repeated until he can rcijd all the Plates with the fame Fluency and D 3 Facility 38 UNIVERSAL STEMOORAPHY, Facility as common Print. By beginning and proceeding thus, he will fooner acquire the Art, than by any other Method 1 can prefcribc. CHAP. VI. RULES FOR ABBREVIATION. *■ THOUGH a more concife Method of writing, or more numerous Abbrevia- tions may not be indifpenfably ncceflary, if the foregoinjj Dire(ftions 1 . pradtifcd for a con- {jderable Time j yet Contraftions will be found extremely ufcful and convenient to thofe who have attained a proper Knowledge of the Subjeft, and lead to a greater Degree of Expe- dition, at the fame Time that they eafe the Swiftnefs of writing. I have obferved, in the Introduftion, that Abbreviations are only to be employed by Proficients in this Art; becaufc Expedition is not the firft, though the ultimate Objcd in View, and that an eafy Legibility is of the utmoft Confcquence to the Learner ; which, ^however, cannot be preferved, if he adopts too foon 4- UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. 39 ling and ;iuire the )rercrlbe. foon thofe very Rules, which in Time will afford him the greatcft Eafe, when applied with Judgment. The following fliort and pradical Rules will be found fully adequate to every Purpofe for which they were intended, and are far fuperior in the Facility of their Application to any I have yet feen. Icthod of Abbrevia- wy, if the )r a con- [ be found thofe who je of the ■eofExpe- y eafe the ^ed, in the only to be t; becaufe le ultimate ;ibiiity is of er ; which, adopts too foon R u L E I. The ufual Abbreviations in Long-hand are always to be followed : as, Mr. for Mafter j M. D. for Dodor of Medicine; and Abp. for Archbilhop, &c. Rule II. Substantives, Adjedtive*, Verbs and Parti- ciples, when the Senfe will direft to the Meaning, are to be exprelTcd by their initialConfonant with the diftinguiftiing Marks exhibited in Plate III. viz. a Subftantive muft have the Comma exactly over its initial Confonant ; an AdjeiStivc muft have a Comma under it j a Verb is to be fignificd by a Dot over its initial Confonant, and D 4 a Participle »o UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. a Participle by a Dor under •. Thefc being the four principal Parts of Speech, will be fufHcient ; and an Adept will never be at a Lofs rj know when he can with Safety apply this Rule to them. Rule III, » To render the Writing more legible, the laft Letter of the Word may be joined to the firft, and the proper Mark applied. Rule IV. The conftituent or radical Part of Words, efpecially if they are long, will often fcrve for the Whole, or fometimes the firfl Syllable j as. We ought to moderate our Ex. by our Circum, A Man's Man. commonly fhape his For, ,■/ * The Dot or Comma being placed thus, wil' never oc- eafion them to be miftaken for Vowels ; becaufc they fliould always be on one Side ot other, whereas the Mark for Parti pi Speech muft conftantly be placed exadUy over or under. H V !• S # 4- t 41 UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. Rule VIII. The fccond and third Perfoni of Verbs, end- ing in etb and eft^ may be expreflVd by j; as, he loveSf thou teaches ; inftead of he loveth,thou tcacheft : or even without j j as he lovet &c. Rule IX. » Words may often be entirely onutted, and yet no Ambiguity enfue ; as, In beginning God created Heaven and Earth, for, In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth. Rule X. When there is an immediate Repetition of a Sentence or Word, a Line is to be drawn under the Sentence or Word to be repeated ; as, Amen, Amen, is to be written Amen; but if any Words intervene, before a Word or Sentence is to be repeated, the Line muft be drawn as before, and a a or Mark of Omiflion placed where the Repetition fliould begin, as, Is itjufl the Innocent Jhould be condemned a reviled ? 7 To t 4- UMIVERSAL STKNOORAPHY. 43 pbs, end- ay Si as, 'eth,thou , &c. tted, and ning God teginning tition of a be drawn •cpeatcd ; men't but Word or muft be Omifllon d begin, demned a To To conclude, I fhall only obfcrve, that no one Ihould be difcouraged from learning this Syftenr), or at lead pcrufing it, by ill-grounded Prejudices againft the Art in general, or by the abfurd Infinuations of thofe who arc ignorant of its Principles. Here, as far as poflible, every Thing is made perfcftly eafy (in the moft literal Senfe of the Word), and nothing left unexplained which was conceived could raifc a Doubt, or difcourage the irrefolute and Icfs diligent. This neither requires the Memory to be burthencd, nor the Judgment to be perplexed ; fo that T can from Experience affert, that a Boy who writes a tolerably good Long-hand, may learn it with the utmoft Facility. Youth, as it is the beft Time for all Studies that neither require Strength of Judgment nor Keennefs of Penetration, is peculiarly fo for Stenography ; which, as it will not interrupt any other Branch of Education, or prevent the Acquirement of fupcrior Accomplifhments, may with the greateft Propriety conftitute Part of a School- boy's Employment ; for what is early fet about, will be better relilhed, And acquired in "renter Perfedtion, than if deferred to a more advanced Age. Irkfomenefs is generally the Attendant on Studies taken up late, though Reafon mjy more forcibly point out the Advan- tage ^- 4- ■ 1» *' Pirate TI . mmmmmmmmm^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm^mmmmattmKmmtammmmmmmm liaUtlCIZrs* %piy to PTRRjrVS, •/ -p o «r^ «i- ._ c f-' V/ (i,.,>.' '^ -^ V*- C '-'.''V- • r^ t^ ^l W C ,iini.r, • rvO OJ»a- T^.'^ H f^ "^ '^'^Z i . ■ ■ t o ,«r» AX, ■f- RjRjsrtrs. / Y o <; fv 'p^ o r- t^^^l CsJC Ni, «,i-i •ol/'vo/y * # THE CONT ENTS or T H K STENOGRAPHIC PLATES. P L A T E VI. FABRICIUS' REPLY TO PYRRHOS. AS to my Poverty, you have indeed, Sir, been rightly informed. My whole Eftate confifts in a Houfe of but mean Appearance, and a little Spot of Ground, from which by my own Labour I draw my Support. But if by any Means you have been pcrfuadcd to think, th^t this Po- verty makes me lefs confidered in my Country, or in any Degree unhappy, you are extrimely de- ceived. I have noReafon to complain of Fortune; ihe m 46 UKIVERSAL STE>iOGRAPHy. ihe fupplies me with -ill that Nature requires j and if 1 am without Superfluities, I am alfo free from tR^ Defire of them. With thefe, Iconfefs, 1 (hould be more able to fuccour ihe Necelfitous, the only Advantage for which the Wealthy are to be envied : but as fmall as my Pofleflions are, Tcan ftill contribute fomething fo the Support of the State, and the Afliftance of my Friends. With regard to Honours, my Country places me, poor as I am, upon a Level with the Richeft: for Rome knows no Qualification for great Employments but Virtue and Ability. She appoints me to officiate in the moft auguft Ceremonies of Religion ; fhe entrufts me with the Command of her Armies; fhe confides to my Care the moft important Negotiations. My Poverty does not leflcn the Weight and Influence of my Counfels in the Senate j the Roman People honour me for that very Poverty which you confidcr asaDifgrace; they know the many Opportunities I have had in War, to enrich myfelf without incurring Cenfure ; they are con- vinced of my difinterefted Zeal for their Pro- fperity; and if I have any Thing to complain oC'.n the Return they make, ix is only the Excels of their Apphule What Value then can I fee upon your Gold and Silver? What King can add any thin'g to my Fortune ? Always attentive to difcharge ■h re requires ; am alfo free e, I confefs, Neceflitous, Wealthy are fTeffions are* the Support my Friends, untry places theRicheft: >n for great }ility. She mofl: augufl: fts me with confides to :iations. My nd Influence )man People which you V the many ir, to enrich hey are con- r their Pro- to complain y the Excels len can I fee Ling can add attentive to difcharge UNIVERSAL STENOGRAPHY. 47 difcharge the Duties incumbent on me, I have a Mind free from Self-reproach, an^^lsjj^ve an Dodsley's Preceptor. honcft Fame. LETTER TO A fRIEKD, AGAINST WASTE OF TIME. t CONVERSE often with yourfelf, and nei- ther lavilh your Time, nor fuffer others to rob you of it. Many of our Hours arc ftolen from us, and others pafs infenfibly away; but of both thefe Loffes, the moft Ihameful is that which happens through our own Negleft. If we take the Trouble to obferve, we Ihall find that one confiderable Part of our Life is fpent in^ doing Evil, and the other in doing Nothing, or in doing what we fhould not do. We don't feem to know the Value of Time, nor how precious a Day is; nor do we confider that every Moment Vings us nearer our End. Reflea: upon this, I entreat you, and keep a ftria Account of Time. Proeraftination is the moll dangerous Thing in Life. Nothing is properly •f S* PauiIs Declamatio:n^. K,-cru J-*^ 5^^ ^/V^ ..._/* -\ V':r^'.0'u,o(o^ w (Tl t fV ^, . r- • ft i'-^ I «-u c- ^1. -^ o"^ '--'"'o / *f /ro u- T/'/t-o Vn 0.1 ^ .... f \J f, "^ w w^ . >r- «"'>; r(«*>', 1.'l I 3 <^i \^ll\r «^o f • w-^. - -^/%l / f.^'f^ -^^-oo-**--!^ Ur 7 7 •-: P-^r-*^ I p.*-».c^o_{^-(. C«t< C^|\ C/"^ C /(C «K ..Po,.e-^f \-r.f>.. ' ' .uuuu.. y^^A.. .O-^i^t/l. vjLM.**i>^ •I- ATIOK^. So lif^-fL c,\ fiir l^ 7 7 ^ P^^'*^ • ^- P <'I-« fc< L / u ^ VMIVIRSAZ. STENOORAPHYt 49 1> L A T E VII. ST. Paul's declamation before agrippa 1 Think myfelf happy, King Agrippa, that I (hall anfwer for myfelf this Day before thee, touching all Things whereof I am accufed of the Jews : Sfpccially becaufe I know thee to be expert in all Cuftoms and Qucftions which are among the Jews, wherefore I befeech thee to hear me patiently. My Manner of Life from my Youth, which was at firft among mine own Nation at Jerufalem, know all the Jews, which knew mc from the beginning (if they would teftify), that after the (Iraitefl: Seft of our Religion I lived a Pharifee. And now I Hand and am judged for the Hope of the Fromife made by God unto our Fathers : Unto which Promifc our Twelve Tribes inftantly fcrving God Day and Night, hope to come: For which Hope's fake. King Agrippa, I am accuited of the Jews. Why fhould it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God iliould raife the Dead ? when God himfelf has given £ AfTurance '-:•>.,.... so UHIVSRSAL STEKOGRAPMy. Aflurance of it imto all M«-n, in that he hath raifcd Chrift from the Dead. As for my own Part, mod n'jl)lc P\(lus, I own I once verily thought that even I (nyfcif ought to do many Things contrary to the Name of Jefus of N;u'arf th. Which Thing I alfo did in Jerufalem. I puniihcd the Saints oft in every Synagogue, and compelled them to blafpheme; and being exc'ctdingly mad againft them,I perfecuted them evtrn unto ftrange Cities. In Purfuitof which, as I went to Damafcus, with Authority and Commiflion from the Chief Priefts: At Mid-day, O King, I fi>w in the Way a Light from Heaven, above the Brightnefs of the Sun, fhining about me, and them which jo neyed with me. And when we were all fallen to the Earth, I heard a Voice fpeaking unto mc, and faying in the Hebrew Tongue, Saul, Saul, why perfecuted thou me ? It is hard for thee to kick againft the Pricks. And I faid, Who art thou. Lord ? And he faid, tam Jefus whom thou perfccuteft. But rife, anfl fttnu upon thy feet: For I hare appeared untc. thee for this Purpofe, to make thee a Minifte.'- and a Witnefs bothofthcfc Things which thou hall feen, andof tbofe Things in which I will appear unto thee. Whcrcupop, O King Agrippa, I was not difobedient to the heavenly Vifion : But (hewed firft uAtQ them of Damafcus, and at Jerufalem, and throughout aU *»>- trWIVlRSAL STEWOOKAPHY. 5« lat he hath for my own once verily :o do many of Jcfus of ) Jerufalcm. Synagogue, and being ecuted them lit of which, ithority and \t Mid-day, 3m Heaven, lining about h me. And h, I heard a ying in the y pcrfecuteft k againft the Lord ? And ccuteft. But For I hare )fe, to make bothof thefe thofe Things WhereupQp, tedient to the uAto them of d throughout aU f all the Coafts of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, that they fhould repent, and turn to God. For thefe C" ilcs the Jews caught me in the Temple, and went about to kill me. Having therefore obtained Help of God, I continue unto this Day, witnefTing both to fmall and great, laying no Other Tninps than thofc which the Prophets and Mofes did lay (hould come : That Chrill (hould fufFer, and that he ihould be the firlt that (hould rife from the Dead, and (hould (hew Light unto the People, and to the Gentiles. This is the real Truth: Believe me, I am no peftilent Fellow, nor Mover of Sedition; but always endeavour all that lies in me to profcrve a Confcience void of Olfence towards God and towards Man: Nor can the Jews prove the Things whereof they now accufe me. Neither am 1, Feftus bcfides myfclfj but fpeak thus freely before the King, becauft he knows thefe Things to be fad ; yea, I am fully perfuaded th« King knows them all to be faft ; for they were not done in a Corner. King Agrippa, believeft thou the Prophets ? I know thou believeft. And would to God that not only thou, but alfo all that hear me this Day,were altogether fuch as I attif except thefe Bonds. Holmes's Rhetoric. £ 2 FOPE 5» VMIVBRSAI. STBHOOAAPuy* PLATE Via. POPE TO ATTERBURY. ONCE more I write to you, as I promifcd, and this once I fear will be the laft : the Curtain will foon b: drawn between my Friend and me, and nothing left but to wifh you a long Good Night ; may you enjoy a State of Repofe in this Life, not unlike that Sleep of the Soul which fome have believed is to fucceed it, where we lie utterly forgetful of that World from which we are gone, and ripening for that to which we are to go. If you retain any Memory of the paft) let it only image to you what has picafcd you bcft ; fometimes prefent a Dream of an abfenc Friend, or bring you back an agreeable Con- verfation. But upon the whole, I hope you will thi>'jk Icfs of the Time paft, than the future } as the former has been lefs kind to yoi' than the latter infallibly will be. Do not envy the World your Studies : They will tend to the Benefit of Men againft whom you can have no Complaint i I mean, of all Pofterity; and, perhaps, at your Time of Life, nothing elfe is worth Plate VHI I promifcd, the !aft : the \ my Friend \\ you a long :c of Rcpofc > of the SouJ ced it, where 1 from which to which wc y of the paft^ ploafed you I of an abfenc eeable Con- , I hope you ft, than the s kind to yoi' Do not envy ill tend to the J can have no iftcrity ; and, nothing elfe is worth rPOPE if^ ATTEHBURY. ^^y^^^l- ".^>- C-v/.,4^/c (^ i*\,/..c v«-<;^/^ a>ou<- <^^^ »iL,|/^-./"/UIH,^Or\J ^Tx/i >-/^- wr- ^--vy .~0/ e„_kJ If <»> 04.0 i.-'-^.V/>^ -,./or-^ t$'v^/ M.; I ^t w )-l«^J- Ur •vA.ti. 0.'4C 0//< ig^/ v>M /'>-.KI WijO^iriv^t/lw W/<- ^^ S ""•'•^*'^' ' j*> . <^ t w. ^^ rcu, ^ w -r) • ft " \/- -u»r T^'^ 'N /. < • e • " '-ft -r»H- jigiiiiliiiiBiiiiij iiiii ^ ■ •*s m '■'^..,..::.- 4- UNIVERSAL ITIMOCRArHY. 53 m^ worth your Care. What ii every Year of a Wife Man's Life, but* Cenfurc or Critic on the pad ? Thofe whofe Date is the Ihorttd, live long enough to laugh at one half of it : The Boy dcfpifes the Infant, the Man the Boy, the Philofopher both, and the Ciuiilian all. You may now begin to think your Manhood was too much a Puerility ) and you will never fuffer your Age to be but a fecond Infancy. The Toys and Baubles of your Childhood are hardly now more below you, than thofe Toys of our riper and our declining Years, the Drums and Rattles of Ambition, and the Dirt and Bubbles of Avarice. At this Time, when you are cut off from a little Society, and made i Citizen of the "World at large, you (hould bend your Talents not to ferve a Party, or a few, bur all M inkind. Your Genius fliould mount above that Mifl, in which it's Participation and Neighbourhood with Earth hath long involved it : To Aiine abroad, and to Heaven, ought to be the Biifi- nefs and the Glory of your prefent Situation. Remember, it was at fuch a Time that the grcateft Lights of Antiquity dazzled and blazed the moft ; in their Retreat, in their Exile, or in their Death. But why do I talk or 14 UNIVERSAL STENOORAPHT. to Mankind. Thofe Aims alone are worthy of Spirits truly great, and fuch I therefore hope will be yours. Refentment indeed may remain, perhaps cannot be quite exting'ifhed, in the nobleft Minds; but Revenge wih never harbour there : Higher Principles than thofe of the firft, ind better Principles than thofe of the latter, will infallibly influence Men whofe Thoughts and whofe Hearts are enlarged, and caufe them to prefer the whole to any Part of Mankind, efpecially to fo fmall a Part as one's fingle felf. Believe me, my Lord, I look upon you as a Spirit entered into another Life, as one juft upon the Edge of Immortality, where the Paffions and Affeftiotis mufl: be much more exalted, and where you ought to defpife all little Views, and all mean Retrofpefls. Nothing is worth your looking back; and therefore look forward, and inake (as you can) the World look after you : But take Gare it be not with Pity, but with Efteem and Admir^ition. I am, with the greateft Sincerity, and Palllon &r your Fame as well as Happinefs, your, &c. The above moft cbarmittg, and mofi affeSlimati Letter was written about a Month before Ax- TERBURv, Bifljop of Rochejier, was fent into Banijhmenti and is umverjally admired. )rthy of re hope remain, in the 1 arbour the firft, e latter, houghts jfe them [ankind, igle feif. rou as a uft upon lions and ted, and cws, and rth your ^ard, and ifter you : but tivith id Pafllon »ur, &c. >efore At- fent into Mod delightful and healthful Situation. AT TH E ACADEMY at WOODSTOCK, near OXFORD, Young Gentlemen are genteelly boarded, and expeditioufly qualified for the University, the various Branches of Trade, or private Life, By the Rev. WILLIAM MAYOR, LL.D. TERMS. /. /. Board and Lodging — 15 15 Education - - - 4 4 [> per Ann. Wafhing 4 4[ I iJ %* Entrance One Guinea, &c. JV. 5. The Inftitutcs pf the School, which have been honoured with the mod diftinguiflied Appro- bation, may be had of the Mafter, by whom they will be tranfmitted to Parents or Guardians deli- reus of Information. ^.,13, Ui9. ] 1 <*■