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Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 GENERAL REPORT ON THE COUNTRY ROUND NANAIMO. Col. Sec. Offick, Victorin, .^Oth Mr.rcL 1800. The ncconipanying Report upon the Country round the District of Nanaimo is herewitli publi.shod for gene- ral information. By Command of His Excellency the Governor, AVILLIAM A. G. YOl'XG. Acting Colonial Secretary. genera:, report on the country round NANAIMO. July 11th, 1859. To Joseph Dospard Pemberton, Esq., Colonial Sur- veyor, &c. Sir, — I have the honor to report for your information some observations made whilst engaged in tlic survey round Nanaimo, comprising the .Mountain, Cedar, and Cranberry Districts These Districts are situated immediately around and abutting upon the Nanaimo District, wliicli is liounded on the East by Nanaimo Harbor, ami has a large mining town containing aliont L'lio inhabitants, chielly laliorers at work iu tlic Coal mines, who allbnl a ready market fur all kinds of farm prod\ice. Tlie Harbor is of large size and well sheltered at all points from wind, with good anchorage and every natural advantage. The distance fiom Victoria is about 70 mile?!, and the ave- rage passage for 18 months of a .Schooner of :;() tons, trading between the two places, was two days, wliich inrliidpfl her discharge and liiiuIiTip; nt ritlier jilaie Fish, chiefly salmon, are very abundant in tlic liarbor and up the Nanaimo, or Quam-()uam-((na River. In tlie fall of the year the salmon ascend tlie river in large slioaH, where they may be readily speared, or shot, or caught in nets, in any quantity ; they are very rich and fat. and eiiual in all respects to the finest salmon of England. Halil)ut and tod are caught on the sand- banks not far from Nanaimo. MOf.NT.MN niSTIUCT. The general character of this District is broken, and undulating, but often perfectly flat, especially up the river Millstone, and about Diver Lake, where the timber is for the most jiart open, and the fern, which is of three distinct kinds, grows to an unusual height. The timber is chiefly pine, of the species known as Douglas white, with some spruce, and is generally of large size; occasionalpatchesof Sallal, (which bears an exceedingly nice berry) and poor ground occur, but they are the exception. The- mean height would proba- bly be CO or VO feet above the sea. The richest land, however, lies along the banks of the Millstone river, which winds for the greater part through pretty plains covered with ricli fern and grass, and at an average distance of a quarter mile to the north is a continuons bluff from 70 feet to 120 feet in height, and sloping gradually from the top to the N. East, The greater part of this District is occupied by Wakc-siab, or, ac- cording to the Indians, Tai-took-tan mountain, which is only remarkable for the fine quality, and large growth of the timber at the base of it. This District is well watered by fine streams, some of them Ijeing tributaries of the Millstone, and everywliere are indications of water obtainable by siidving wells. It was not thought advisable to survey the .Soutli- eastern part of this District, as the soil is poor and stony, and little fitted for agricultural purposes, but tlie grazing is excellent, and the timber, both large and small, of tlie Ijest possilile iiuality ; trees adapted eitliet for spars or fence poles, being abundant even a consid- erable distance up the spur of the aliove mentioned mountain, wliich is probably 1,100 feet above the level of the .Sea. There is every probability that the South-east jiartof this District, though unfitted for any purpose but graz- ing, is rich in coal, as the coal croiis out in a seam '2 inches thick on Chase river, a distance of only a qnar- tfi' of a mile from '.he eastern boundary of the District, and this assumption is strengthened by the broken and '• faulty " appearanu of the surrounding country. The uliole District contains 10,000 acres, and is bounded on the East by the Nanaimo District, a-id on the South-east by the Cranberry District. It is d'si Iroin Colviletown, in the Nanaimo District, one and a half miles, to which there is an excellent wagon road- 901(i^ The North-Cftstorn pixrt of the District is nccessiblc by Exit passage from Xanaimo Harbor, being only a ((iiar- tcr of a mile inland. Tlio climate very nearly resembles tliat of Victoria the general character of the summer being wurm, with little or no rain, but heavy dews, and that of the win- ter mild, with an average of, perhaps, ten days snow the frosts, tluiugh not severe, are of longer continuance Rain falls in large ((uantities in the spring of the year and it is generally thought thattlic average fall exceeds that of Kngland. Xo fevers or epidemics ot any kind arc known among the white poiiulation. The Indians though numerous arc perfectly pcatefal, and are nnidc use of by the whiles as iilowmen, servants, voyagers, in fact, laborers of all kimls of work. Tlieir [lay and rations amount to little, and if kindly treated and prop- erly superintended, the results of their labor are [irolit- ftble to the employer. Game is abundant, consisting of elk, deer, bear, grouse, partridge, wild fowl, crane, and pigeon. CR.\NBERnY DISTllICT. This District contains about l.'i.JOO acres, and is bounded on the Xorth by Xanaimo District, and on the East by the Ucdar District, and to the Xorth is within a quarter af a mile of the Head of Xanaimo Harbor, and through it Hows nearly the whole navigable portion of the Xanaimo, or Quam-cpiam-(|ua river. A large proportion of the X. W. part is lilted only for grazing purposes, as the soil is very shallow, and rests on the sandstone rock, many of the bottoms, however, are fertile and produce rich vegetation. The same ap- plies to the S. W. and West parts. This District takes its name from the berry, which i.? abundant in the swamps and around the Lakes, and ia nn article of export to California and the Sandwich Islands. The Xorth-easterly and Easterly parts, lying along the banks of the Xanaimo river are those best suited for farming purposee. The soil is sandy, but covered with the most luxuri- ant vegetation, fern, wild fruit bushes, and trees, among which may be noted the crab apple, and cherry, are everywhere found. The woods are for the nio,-t part open, and free from brush and fallen timlier, and present quite a tropical api>earance. The principal timber is the Cedar, pine, maple, and poplar, all of which grow to a gigantic size, the pines rising to the height of lOO feet witlioul a branch, and having many distinct and separate tops, the branches of the cedar grow to the very ground. Some of these trees measured 27 feet in circumference, and arc perfectly sound. The niai)lo and poi>lar trees arc very tall and straight, and average 10 feet in cir- cumference. The banks arc low, and accessable to boats and canoes, and for a distance of 00 yards on either side, there are indications of floods ; the banks occasionally rise to a height of 2," feet above the level of thc'river. The river is navigable fo. about D miles for Hat bottomed boats, and canoes of a light draught of water, with perfect safely ; the current is rapid, and always decending, tho tide running in but a short disianco, even at springs, which, however, always back up, uiid conseciucntly in crease the de|ilh of water in the river, for a distance of about .") miles friim the niDUlh. Much improvement in the depth of waler, and dimiiuilion of the force of the current might lie cll'ected by the judicious outlay of a small sum of money in removing Ihc fallen trees and ' drift Wdud, which nut only fdrm shoals in tho river, but actually cboak up Ibc channel in places, rendering tlio navigation liolh dillicull ami dan^crdus. The melling id' iho .