IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 !S ilM IIIIIM ^ m IIIII2.2 IM 2.0 1.8 U III 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation \ ^Q ,v 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^V* ^-U Ll>' "V :\ 6^ t vs "(> i.uMmjiiijji.fjtJfi 'I f I '^ l j il j l .iV iii i " i ' ^ T ii ''V •■ ■ ■ ' ^ 1 I 'm-n' i T i l *! < ■ -■ - ■ W.i i'i*'* !" !' ^ l| " ll' »< ©p IttOM Edeeeb By l^SylNPji^^ J.I^i«b. ^0 IvP^p^YEPm PLacE. NmwYoijfs. ;fpff sww»i-wr.1'.»'S-; :T^i^'»»^i^V'^-^^™ f- '"•^'.^^ " . SSKSS n JOSEPH GILLOtrS STEEL PENS SOLD BT AZJ. DBALBB8. THE MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY. Vol. XIII. CONTENTS FOR MARCH^ 1885. No. Mr Portndt of Chiu-lM I. (See page aa6.) « « . FrmtiHit Th« Pairfftzet of Yorkshire and Vi^nia. Rct. Richard Whkatuut, D.i>. tj iLLOsnuTiONS : Portrait of Lord Fkirfluc— Steaton Halt, tha Old Home of the Fairfiurai— Portrait of Lady Fairfiui, from a Rare Print— Curiou* Monogram of L^rd Fairfax— General Lord (" Black Tom '^ Fairfu, ob Honebadc— Nun-Appleton, the Scat of Lord Fairfax— Chair of Lord Fairfax— Tomb el Lord Fairfax— Armi of Lord Fairfax-<-Greeaway Court, in Virginia— Portrait o< Colonel T. T. Fairtax. Brigadier-General Nathaniel Lyon, U.S.A. Personal Recollections. . . WnxiAM A. Hammond, M.D. 33; iLLinntATioN : Portrait of Bngadier-Ocneral Kathaniel Lyon, U.S.A. The Adveiitnre ofJMoniieur de Belle Isle. . Charlss DiMiriiY. 349 An Old .Masonic Charter. . • . OscAe J. HARVST.^av Aboat Richard Beliingham, E. H. Goss.^a6. The Stdry of Astoria. . P. Koch. a6. Original Documents. — Unpublished Letters from Admiral George Clinton — Heni^ Laurens -^Fisher Ames — Maj6r-General Rottenbuig— ^Judge Peters. Also reproduction of a . 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Notes.— The New Garden of Eden— Why New Jersey was De^dared a Foreign Country- Washington an Abolitionist-^Pictorial Error— Origin of the Name Herkimer — ^Princeton College Qneries.-^Parents of Dr. John Ogilvie — A Doctor's Charges in 1679— The Four Lakes of Wisconsin. ... . . . . , Replies. — Gricourt— Give 'em Jessie — Landing of the Pilgrims — ^Bungtown Cpers — The First Three-masted Schooner. . . . . . . • . • Societies.— The New Jersey Historical Society— New Haven Colony Historical Society— Nebraslca Hbtorical Society — New England Historic, Genealogical Society — The Bangor Hbtorical Society — The Webster Historical Society — Newport Historical Society- Rhode Island Historical Society. . , Book Notices. — Hi^ory of the Andover^ Theological Seminary, by Woods — HistoiY of Detroit and Midiigan, by Farmer — Life of Abraham Lincoln, by Isaac N. Arnold— The Money-makers, by McCook— Tenants of the Old Farm— The Soldier in the Civil War, edited by MotteUy, Vol. I.— United Sutes. 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Copyright, 1U5, by Hiitorical PublicMiea Ce. \ UVERPOOL & LONDON & GLOBE INSURANCE CO. {RSttS} $32,500,000. NS 'ORY. 1 '••*^y ^ »*»w^ a «>tr^>» t^ ' f 'l' T— ^ No. - '^ , FrtmOttU TL«Y, D.D. SI «••— Pomrnit Black Tbo'O bx— Tomb of T. r. IWias. OMD, M.D. 33; 34V I DiMITliV. . Harvey. H. Goss.^a6, P. Koch. a6. 117 Laureni ction of « . !re a Kine , u.s.a!~ » Norton. Country— -Princeton ■ * ■ r Lakes of pers— The, Society— he Bangor Society — iiatonr xA Arnold— the Civil atalogue, on in Its o^ks. *t load. 38' 39 30 •3d;' 3t. 309 31 'en for Bin4iac ia Mditiaa. for beuaa nway*. r* aubaertptlMa, BTORY, IT York Clt5 *ublicatiM Ca. \^)St\ THE STORY OF ASTORIA WITH A SKETCH OF THE PACIFIC FUR COMPANY Mr. H. H. Bancroft, in his gigantic undertaking, is giving us an im- mense amount of material for history, gathered with wonderful industry and regardless of expense, and when completed his work will be a librarj' in itself, containing abridgments of everything ever written about the Pacific coast. But its value will be very much impaired if it should be found that he has been so strongly influenced by personal bias, that not only his judgment but his statements of facts have been warped by it. Such seems to the writer to be the case with the story of Astoria, as told by him in Vol. II. of "The Northwest Coast," Vol. XXIII. of the series. The chapters devoted to this disastrous enterprise appear to be a piece of special pleading, devoted principally to venting the author's spleen against Mr. Irving and Mr. Astor, and the whitewashing of Mr. McDougal. It docs not seem just to the memory of Washington Irving and John Jacob Astor to let such an account go unchallenged. As it is partly a question of judgment and partly a question of fact, I will briefly tell the history of the Pacific Fur Companw This company was organized in 1810. Astor furnished all the money, but associated with him a number of partners who were to share the profits, but not the losses. As few citizens of the United States had experience in the fur trade, he induced several members of the Northwest Company of Canada to join him, after first in vain off'ering an interest to that com- pany. These associates were Duncan McDougal, Alexander McKaj', Donald McKenzie, and David and Robert Stuart. Wilson Price Hunt was the only partner selected from the United States, and he was to be in command on the Pacific Coast. The partners had full power to dissolve the company at any time during the first five years, if they thought best to do so. In September, 18 10, one party sailed for the mouth of the Columbia in the Tonquin, McDougal being the leader, while Hunt went overland the following spring. April 12th, 1811, work was begun at Astoria, and dur- ing that year the foundation was laid for an extensive business by the establishment of posts on the Columbia and its tributaries to the foot of the mountains. In February, 1812, Hunt reached Astoria after an advent- urous and difficult journey. In May the Beaver arrived, thcsecond sup- l(ii.^04 T ijv-rjw I p^T 1*^ 70 THE STORY OF ASTORIA ply ship sent out by Astor. The Tonquin had been captured by the In- dians of Nootka Sound, and in Aujjust Hunt left in the Beaver to complete the necessary arrangements with the Russian governor at Sitka for what promised to be an exceedingly profitable trade. He did not return for more than twelve months, leaving McDougal in charge. Meanwhile the Northwest Company had not been idle. In the summer of 1 8 10 they had sent forward a party under command of one of the partners, David Thompson, to descend the Columbia and occupy the country in advance of the Pacific Fur Company. The country, however, was unexplored, and the river system imperfectly known, so that Thomp- son descended a tributary of the Fraser, believing it to be a branch of the Columbia, and when he discovered his mistake he had only time to gain Canoe River near the sources of the northern fork of the Columbia, when he was compelled to go into winter quarters, and most of his men deserted. Descending the river next spring, he arrived on the lower Columbia in July, i8u, only to find the Americans in possession. He was destitute of everything, but was liberally treated by McDougal, who supplied all his wants. Nothing daunted, the Northwest Company pushed forward along the Columbia and established posts competing with the upper ones of the Pacific Fur Company. In December, 1812, McTavish, a leading partner of the Northwest Com- pany, came to McKenzie's post at Fort Nez Percys, and informed him of the breaking out of war with England. McKenzic started at once for Astoria with the news, arriving there January 15, 1813, when McDougal at once made up his mind to abandon the enterprise and retreat across the Rocky Mountains during the summer. The other partners, however, upon their arrival objected to this, and it was agreed to continue business till June, 1814, when the company was to be dissolved, if no help and supplies were received from Mr. Astor meanwhile. In March of the same year Astor had dispatched a vessel from New York; but this was wrecked on the Sandwich Islands, and the blockade of the Atlantic coast by the British made it impossible to send another ship. McKenzie was closely followed by McTavish, who reached Astoria in April and remained until July. He also was royally treated by rvicDougal, and even furnished with goods to trade on his way back, and pains were taken to put his party on a friendly footing with the Indians, who were looking askance at them as " King George men," the well-known enemies of the " Boston men." An arrangement was made with McTavish by which the property of the Pacific Fur Company was to be transferred to the Northwest Company, if no help came before next summer. PPiPif: III « "}\"9[. I THE STORY OF ASTORIA 271 by the In- Bcavcr to )r at Sitka e did not c. 10 summer ne of the ccupy the , however, it Thomp- ich of the ne to gain ibia, when 1 deserted. )lumbia in cstitute of ied all his i^ard along nes of the west Com- icd him of t once for McDougal across the ever, upon usincss till id supplies same year •recked on :he British Astoria in vicDougal, pains were who were n enemies Tavish by isferred to On August 20th Hunt arrived in the Albatross. He disapproved of the resolution taken by his partners; but as it was clearly within their powers, he could only acquiesce. The Albatross being under charter to go to the Marquesas Islands, he re-embarked in a few days to bring back another vessel by which such heavy stores might be removed as could not be taken across the Rocky Mountains, and it was agreed that if by some mischance Mr. Hunt should not return before the time came for carrying out the agreement with McTavish, then McDougal should have power to make all the necessary arrangements. On October 7th McTavish returned, followed four days later by Stuart and McGillivray, two other partners of the Northwest Company, with seventy-five followers. Again they were entirely dependent on McDougal for supplies, and again they were liberally supplied. They brought news of the expected arrival of a Hritish man-of-war, and entered into negotia- tions with McDougal which resulted in an agreement, signed October i6th, by which the furs, merchandise, forts, and all other property of the Pacific Fur Company were to be turned over to the Northwest Company as soon as an inventory could be taken. This was done, and the transfer com- pleted October 23d. The consideration was about fifty-eight thousand dollars, the market value of the furs alone being twice this sum. Novem- ber 30, the Raccoon, a British sloop of war, arrived, and Captain Black took formal possession of Astoria for his government, leaving shortly after, February 28, 1814, Hunt arrived in the Pcdlcr, but too late. These are the leading facts. They are given by Irving, and they are given by Bancroft, with one notable exception, to which we shall recur later. But to show Mr. Bancroft's animus I will quote a few of his state- ments relative to Mr. Astor and Mr. Irving. " Whether success or failure w^nits on this enterprise, already John Jacob Astor is a great man. Bold, keen, grasping, with a mind no less fertile than sagacious, he is great, not as Newton, Washington, Lincoln and Peabody, but like Napoleon or Vanderbilt — a greatness not to be ad- mired, but shunned." Now if this means anything more than bad taste on the part of the author, it means a very grave censure of Mr. Astor's mo- tives, and yet he can find nothing worse to say about him than that " there is nothing in Astor's history that would imply him to be more than a re- spectable and wealthy merchant of common honesty and uncommon ability, desirous of increasing his wealth and respectability ty every legitimate means at his command." If this estimate were true, I fail to see anything blameworthy in such a character, and yet Mr. Bancroft never lets an op- portunity slip for a fling at the great merchant. " ' The thing could be t< iiiPi ^"'v^m.'ms'Mimfiiiriff^igffif^ % 9J2 THE STORY OF ASTORIA 1 .-1 done, and should be ; ' so said the autocrat." This of the man who had just put himself absolutely into the hands of his partners ! Again : " Astor committed his venture to the deep and sat down to muse upon the profits." This of the man who had bound himself to advance four hundred thousand (dollars free of interest, to bear all losses himself, and to divide any profits wnich migiit accrue! Of course Mr. Astor expected his venture to be a profitable one ; but he seems to have been of the same class of merchants as those who founded the British empire in India. The grandeur of the undertaking appears to have moved him far more than the prospective profits, and there is every reason to believe that he was fully in earnest when he wrote that he should have preferred to have had his property fairly captured rather than given away, as he considered it was. That Mr. Astor's undertaking was looked at as an important one in a national point of view may be seen from a letter of Jefferson's, and no one was better able to appreciate its significance than the consummator of the Louisiana purchase. Jefferson says: " I considered as a great public acquisition the commencement of a settlement on that point of the western coast of America, and looked forward with gratification to the time v;hen its de- scendants should have spread themselves through the whole length of that coast," etc. Washington Irving receives even worse treatment at Mr. Bancroft's hands. He accuses him again and again of inventing facts and coloring his narrative unfavorably to McDougal ; but, worse than that, he speaks of "the current of unqualified sycophancy, trickery, sentimentality, and maudlin praise which runs through (Irving's] 'Astoria.'" He states that "There are whole pages in ' Astoria ' abstracted almost literally from Frau- ch&rc. Pretending to draw all his information from private sources, the author makes no allusion to the source to which he is most indebted, not even mentioning Frauch^re's name once in his whole work." I-'urther: " Up to this time the imputation that he had received money from Mr. Astor for writ- ing ' Astoria ' I believed to be utterly false, and unworthy of consideration. But in closely comparing with original evidence his statements concerning the New York fur merchant and his associates of the Northwest Company, I find them so at variance with truth and fairness that I am otherwise at a los". to account for his unusual warp of judgment." It seems impossible, judging from these statements, that Mr. Bancroft can ever have read Irving's " Astoria" even so far as to the end of the in- troduction, or he would have found the following : " I have therefore availed myself occasionally of collateral lights supplied by the published journals of other travelers who have visited the scenes described — such as r ■^■■■'■■■'^ilBiwr #■• THE STORY OF ASTORIA 273 1 who had ill : " Astor he profits." d thousand any profits re to be a merchants cur of the )rospcctivc in earnest s property That Mr. onal point was better Louisiana lisition the 1 coast of icn its de- jth of that Bancroft's d coloring he speaks tality, and itates that rom Frau- lurccs, the 1, not even : " Up to )r for writ- iidcration. oncerning Company, rwisc at a . Bancroft of the in- thcrcfore published — such as Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, Bradbury, Breckcnridgc, Long, Frauclilrc, and Ross Cox — and make a general acknowledgment of aid received from these ([uarters." So much for the cliargc of plagiarism, which comes with pecul- iar ill-grace from an author whose history is mainly a scrap-book, made up from clippings of his authorities. The essential facts are all faithfully given by Irving; but no one can read "Astoria" without perceiving that its author has taken the dry bones of journals, logs, diaries, reports and business statements, and clothci' them with his exquisite fancy until they have become a living reality, giving us one of the most charming narratives in the English language, and, withal, a truthful one. The real trouble is that Mr. Bancroft seems to have made up his mind that McDougal must not be blamed for thn disastrous outcome of the en- terprise, and as the facts are overwhelmingly against him, abuse of Mr. Astor and Mr. Irving must take the place of favorable facts. In his defense of McDougal he is led into contradictory statement.; again and again. On page 147 this gentleman is described as " short and lithe, and quick of action." On page 214 he has grown into "by nature a cold- blooded man, stolid in body and mind." " Astor was peculiarly unfortu- nate in his fitting of character to poiition." " Hunt's great mistake was in leaving the coast at all," and yet McDougal "stum.blcd upon the best course, the only course proper to be pursued throughout the whole of this unpleasant and luckless adventure." But if McDougal's course was the only proper one, how had Astor been unfortunate in his selection of him? And where did Hunt's mistake come in, leaving him in charge? The facts arc continually too strong for Mr. Bancroft, and, with all his twisting of them, he finds himself continually caught. Mr. Irving's view seems to mc the nearest right, but none of the histo- rians of Astoria have sufficiently distinguished between what were two separate and distinct acts: the original agreement with McTavish in July, and the final sale to McTavish and McGillivray in October. According to the compact between Mr. Astor and his partners, it was clearly within the power 01 a majority of the latter to dissolve the company at any time within the first five years of its existence. The war with England did undoubtedly threaten serious danger to their enterprise, and McDougal may have honestly thought it best to exercise the powers which had been delegated to them, and close out the business in the best manner possible. He gains, first, McKenzie to his views, and receives, afterward, the reluc- tant assent of Clark and Stewart by putting off the dissolution another year, and then only if no help should arrive sooner. The agreement with McTavish seems also to have been provisional, and, as its purport is not i ijffi;i"«J5t|iniw Hf,lJ|i'., =^ III— iWi>M» «■ 1 274 THE STORY OF ASTORIA very clear, it may have been .-.n advantageous one. When Hunt reached Astoria tlie following month, the resolution of the partners was evidently represented to him as a unanimous one, and even then he does not appear, as Mr. Bancroft says, to have indorsed the steps already taken by his p-.rt- ners, nor did he approve their " manifesto." He r.ade a decided protest, but acquiesced in the inevitable, as the action of the partners was clearly within their authority. As he departed immediately for the purpose of chartering a vessel to remove all such goods as could not be taken across the mountains, it seems probable that the agreement with McTavish covered only the surrender of the posts. It could not have included the furs, as Frauchi;re says word was sent to the partners in the interior to forward all their furs to Astoria in the spring, that they might be shipped on the ves- sel Hunt was expected to bring. Before leaving, however, it was suggc ' d by McDougal that some accidc.it might prevent Hunt's return in time to carry out the agreement, and although the latter considered this very im- probable, he acceded to JMcDougal's request that the carrying out of this agreement be put into his hands if Hunt should not return in time. It is very evident that this authority delegated to McDougal covered only the execution of those arrangements to which a majority of the partners had already given their assent. So far, McDougal's course would seem to have been reasonably fair, even if open to criticism as weak and showing his lean- ing toward his old associates of the Northwest Company. But we come now to the closing transaction, which is of an entirely different character. Six weeks had barely passed since Hunt's departure, when McTavish reappeared at Astoria, this time closely followed by a large party, more than equal in number to the Astorians. They expected to meet an armed supply ship and a British man-of-war at the mouth of the Columbia ; but neither had arrived, and it was very uncertain when they would arrive. The English party was without provisions and had lost their ammunition, so that they were entirely in McDougal's power. But they seem to have known their man, and we know the result — the surrender of all the posses- sions of the Pacific Fur Company at a nominal value and the ado])tion of McDougal as a partner in the Northwest Company. Mr. Bancroft argues very elaborately that this appears a fair transaction on both sides, and any- how, the best that could be done under the circumstances. He lays espe- cial stress on the protracted negotiations, claiming that the English held back in the hope of the arrival of their ship, and that McDougal brought them to the sticking point only by threatening to move up the Willa- mette and cut ofY their supplies. To sustain this view he gives a series of dates which I am unable to verify in the authorities quoted. He states IWfWIWPPW T '■■T-.i'j' X THE STORY OF ASTORIA 275 hint reached /as evidently s not appear, 1 by his p '.rt- ;ided protest, s was clearly c purpose of taken across ivish covered J the furs, as forward all d on the vcs- ■as sugge.' -d n in time to this very im- g out of this 1 time. It is :rcd only the Partners had seem to have t'ing his lean- Jut we come t character. n AIcTavish party, more ;et an armed lumbia ; but ould arrive, immunition, :em to have 1 the posses- adoption of icroft argues Ics, and any- [e lays cspc- English held igal brought ) the Wiila- s a series of He states that according to Ross and Irving the British took possession of Astoria November 12th, and according to I-'raucherc November 23d. The facts arc that the only date given by Irving is that of the signing of the contract, October l6th. lie evidently considers tiiisthe only important date, as set- tling the matter beyond any possibility of withdr.iwal on eitlicr side. Frau- clierc's date is October 23d, and not Novcmbnr 23d, as stated by Mr. Ban- croft. Ross I have not at hand, but this author'; • is repeatedly discredited by Mr. Bancroft himself, and he is certainly incorrect when he says (as quoted by Mr. B.) : "Astoria was deliver- 1 up to the Northwest Company on the 12th of November, after nearl) month of suspense between the 'Ir I ving and the signing of the bills," as the agreement itself specifies Octo- ber 16th as the day on which it was signed nd seal'd. If this is not will- ful perversion of the facts, it is certainly at Ic ist inexcusable carelessness," Instead of the negotiations dragging, they seem to me to liave been conducted with great haste, considering the magnitude of the transaction. On October nth the main Northwest flotilla arrived. On October l6lh the contract was drawn up and signed, specifying that the de- livery should be made as soon as the necessary inventories could bo taken ; and one week later, October 23d, the actual delivery took place. If McGillivray and McTavish had refused to receive the property after the signirug of the agreement, when McDougal was ready to turn it over, and it had after such tender been taken by a British ship, there is not a court in Christendom which would not have compelled the Northwest Company to pay Mr. Astor according to the agreement, and it is absurd to argue that any drawing back on the part of the British was then attempted. Mr. Bancroft says the other partners were on the spot and acquiesced in all that was done. This is not so. McKcnzie was the only partner at Astoria at the time, and McDougal seems to have ignored him and acted alone under the authority which he claimed had been delegated to him by Hunt. But Hunt had not, and could not have done so, as this was a new matter which could only have been legall)' determined by a majority of the resident partners. This was evidently felt by McDougal, as the agreement between him and the North'. ?st Company, which is not even signed by McKenzic, begins as follows : " The Association heretofore carrj'ing on the fur trade to the Columbia River and its dependencies, under the firm and denomination of the Pacific Fur Company, being dissolved on the 1st of July last, by Duncan McDougal, Donald McKcnzie, David Stuart, and John Clarke, with the intention to abandon the trade in that quarter, it is hereby agreed," etc. I think it very plain, from what has already been stated, that this position is not tenable, as the proposed abandonment of '■>» m'^> i »u0M^m< ^ » m i» - n ^ 276 THE STORY OF ASTORIA :.!: / M the enterprise in the summer of 18 14 was at most provisional, and Frau- chfere, who is by far the best contemporary authority, says distinctly, refer- ring to that transaction, that the Company " would probably have been dissolved by the remaining partners, but for the arrival of the energetic Mr. Hunt." I Mr. Bancroft twists himself into a new position and declares that McDougal took the wisest course possible, and that it would have been impossible for the Americans to maintain themselves on the Columbia if] they could not get supplies by water from New York. It would be easy to show that there would have been no greater diffic^ilty in their doing so than for the Northwest Company to carry on their business on the Frascr and upper Peace rivers; but even if it was still thought best to abandon the enterprise, nothing could have been easier than a temporary retreat from Astoria, as shown plainly by Fraucherc, himself a Canadian and un- disguisedly in sympathy with the English in the war, but faithful to the interests of his employer. The party of Northwesters could not possibly have maintained themselves on the lower Columbia till the arrival of the British sloop November 30th, as they were without food, ammunition or goods, and the Indians were but anxious for a word from the Americans to fall upon them. With this party out of the way it would have taken the Astorians but a few days to retreat beyond the reach of any English force from the sea, and it is even a question whether Astoria itself might not have been successfully defended, as no man-of-war could approach it within six miles and the Indians were all anxious to fight the English. But in any event the movable property might all have been saved and removed in the vessel with which Hunt arrived in the spring for that very purpose. I can agree with Mr. Bancroft in but one point — that Mr. Astor was unfortunate in the selection of McDougal for a chief agent, both because of his relations with the Northwest Company and of his qualities as a man. But this does not relieve McDougal from deserved odium, and the verdict of history must be that of his countryman Frauchfcre, who was an eye-wit- ness to and a participator in nearly all of these transactions, when he winds up his account of the sale of Astoria with these words : " Those at the head of affairs had their own fortunes to seek, and thought it more to their in- terest, doubtless, to act as they did ; but that will not clear them in the eyes of the world, and the charge of treason to Mr. Astor's interests will always be attached to their characters." BozEMAN, Montana. '^!>?'7'^y^'^^!^^^^ m declares that Id have been Cohimbia if Id be easy to heir doing so on the Frascr St to abandon porary retreat idian and un- aitliful to the i not possibly ^.nival of the ^munition or he Americans d have taken f any English a itself might i approach it English. But and removed '■cry purpose. Ir. Astor was | both because ies as a man. d the verdict s an cye-wit- hcn he winds : at the head to their in- thcm in the ntcrests will 8TATEMEKT The Mutual Life Insara&ce Gooipany of New York, Jlw «>• iff*r mmMttf JD*! M m^i»r SUt, 1984, .......;...,..,..,. (nM,av(i,tt«.Kt ./Lnnuity iVooovint. """ 'l'.-^. „' !' ,;-.. .- Ha _ Abb. -■^-: ■-■-■-■■-' ; No. Ann. Fnjnmenta. AniniiaM In taK», Jmn ttt um.... . ;„..... Prentlum Aanoltfea.. . . AnAiiltlesili^aed. ....... . n AunuttlM In f onse, Jan, i8t,i»»..;..... Prainhim Annuities. . . . AnnuitlM Terminated. . 5 tn.on 6s .'r-V. >--.^' '' - ■ «e tssfiavt M $» 966 91 '^xEMunmoe i^ooount. : ;— ■■•r-"/--r5------ mo. Amount. ■■ NO. 1M8M Amount. PoUdM in tone, Jan. •St. IW4. ....... ..:..,.. BMa Awimed.... .,... mjm. ts4e.M8 oas PoUolea In force, Jan. lrt,tt8S Btakiltemlmkted....... s5,8M.na iS,Ui $a7,imfm ISS^lM f8t7,as«^(«t ■X»r/-. ,;\ Rnve&ue A.ooouf^t> ^' To Batanee from lart aodiMint. . .. SM,978,10e 88 '' ^ MatttzednidownuQts,... 8,400,454 89 .. i3;(iw,aa8 4s .. a,94B.(WW , J Total olalma- \ •' " IHvldenda S,l4i,lM l» " •• Surrendered PoUdea ana AOdlttons . S,087,eM 17 ". •.^^•''' ' ( Total paid ^^-liold. ) <* ** CommlMlons, (payment of current and eztbi* gulBhmentofftitnre)... 907,84S 19 -V ■■ ^r- * " Framlum chaoed off . 868^ 00 u paid In advance.... 87,477 88 I ana Uontincent Ooarw Fond 4.74«,77116 tH»37(l,17B SI Br Bonds Secured tar Morttwea onBealJBstate.^ f48978,l»7g9 ** rntted Stages and other Bonds 84,saa.889 0o •' I.oan»on€Saat«rals " BealBamte... " Cash In Banks and Trust Ooni> panleB at Interest.. , " Intorestaooraed.... M Premtamsdefened, quarterly and Btwil-awnnal ** Premlttmslntmn8lt,iwlnelpaUy for December.... ** SnspcoM Aooount. " Ae8. ...» . ...i •loi^nv.m.u Naw Toaic Amnacjr 91, 1868. ■•AMB •■> TSOMTKKa. Fiiaoaiioic S. ViHsroM, Samusl E. Stroulu, Lucibi RoaiHtON, SAHinii. O. Ba^cooc. OBOII6K S. C9II. loNM C DavBLIN. SevMouil L. Hvsiin^ RlcitARD A. McCuaoY, JambsC. floumN, HSBMANN C. VON PoST, OSgiiaa C. Richakimun Alsxamomb K. Ricb, WltLIAM r. BaKOCK, F. RatcHMjko Starr, FRasnicK H. Coshtt, Lfewit Ma:v, OuvBR Harrimam, Hbmbv W. Smith, John H. SHBawooB, UBOBta H. Andrews, Kob.bbt OlvpIiant, gBORGB P. BABttft, ' bhj. B. Shb«mah, Jos. Thompson, DUDLKY OlCOTT, An4on Sf agbr, FaBOBRIC CRQMV'BLt, iOUBN T. OAVIt*» :oBacT Sbwbll, S. Van Rbmssblabr Cbucbb CnARi.Ba R. Hbnimiwoh, Gborob Bliss, Ronn W. Pbckham, Wm. p. Dixon, J. HoBart HbrbiOc *-< ,,-(9- V-; ,^ - .:c,'^c^.y ■ ..'';.':U.r ^4^». %' CyPiAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES ARE Preferred by Leading Artists. The demand* now made by an educated mnilekl public ar^ to emctiaa that vet^ i^ Pianoforte Mamtfactarera can D?oduce instruments that will stand the test which merit requires. BOHMBR ft CO., as Manubcturers, rank aoK^st this (^KMOi (iw, who are acknowledged to be makers of standard inMni|n«nts>i. Jul thwe days, when many manobcturers urge the low price of their wares rather lirt||uieir superior qualfty as an indocement to purchase, it may not be aniiss to sugj^Ethat, ~ in a Piano, quality and price are too inseparably jotaed to expect the oqe wjtliour -the other. Every Piano ought to be judged as to quality of its tone, its touch and its work- manship ; if any of these is wanlmg in excellence, however good the Athers teay be,, the instmment will be imperfect. It b the combination of thrise qualities in the highest decree, that consiitvtes the perfect Pianc, apd it it this combinatim that haseiventne "SOHMBR" its honorable position with the trade and thepnbbc Musica] authorities and critics prefer the " SOHMBR " ' .'.aos, and diey ve purchased by those possessing refined musical taste and ap ><«uiattiig the dchesr quality of tone an d the highest periiiction generally in a Piano. .Xlie Sohmer Pianos are used in the following Institutions : N. Y. CollkcB of Music ; Vqct's Consbkvatort op Music ; Villa Mabia Convent, Montreal ■ Viixa db ^albs CoNyBNT. Long Island ; N. Y. Nokmai. CoNJiBRVATORv rp Music ; PmLADBLnitA CoHSBBVATORV OP Mustc, and most all the leadmg first-class theatres in NEW YORK and BROOKLYN RccciTed Pint Prise at CentenniiU Exhibition, Philaddphia, 1876. Rbceived First Price at E:diibition, Montreal, Canada, x88x and i88«. g»r% TT TUT TT P O f^f\ Manupacturbrs OP GRAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT PUNOS. Ov/XllTlIZ'Xx Ot V/VF., Wareroqnw: 149,151,153, 155 E.x4tb St., NEW YORK OpenTRMdiiy, D«f)(nber 1«« 1881* lathapresenea of the Pren^enta of thwAinef icaa Repntiqci, Tit: Arthur, of dui United State*; Diaaot Mexico ; BarilM, efGHMnnafais Bonr aa, of H^duraa. The Colossal Exhibit of all Time! tlon BnUdtngs t Oao-Ihe Uift*t ImUdlnr ever erected, another — Um liW|^t ConsarvalorT la the World. 90A6rM0f Spacd Under Cover I ■«w *tMM*«rtati*«i Umtm ApAmiMI J^lHio. Aaapl* Ac«*aiHMMl^**a M Deatiartha period of the RstjOritlOn, ffoo Pecember 16, i884i to J una i, iSSi the tempera tore at New Orleaa* avcraxe* 6$^ Pahr, The iawa a^ tfarabbery rem Jn Rreen, iowers J |ndfirtpca,andall ktnda of veiretablea ' gftwiw and matttio. ^ Vull toforaiBUon promptly furnished. Ad 'll. A. BVMta,^ lHrc«tM-««M«Nr_t, Saw OHoiiwi^ K«. LITERATI. MEN of letters may now dispense with amanuenses. A flow of thought may be transcribed by the use of the Type Writer as swiftly as it can be uttered with a far greater degree of legibility thrown in than by the old process of dictation and transcription with the pen. ^^^— . Furthermore many of our iSHBf ^^^ writers unite in testi ^B^Sb. fying that the use of the '^^^^^ Type Writer facilitates, nay even stimulates compp- sition. The Remington Standard Type Writer is the nearest approach to perfection that has yet been Reached. It meets the demand. Wyck T, Seamai)s & Beijedict, 28x and 283 EROADWAY. PtnselJ.J.UttlsACKf^Ma.aeMMAatareiaet^NVii'Yoik. "ff^BnH^ ._V' '- 'I'rK'T'