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H I STO R Y 
 
 /i 
 
 ■ y 
 
 %• 
 
 OF THE 
 
 METHODIST CHURCH 
 
 WITIIIX Tin: Ti:i{I{IT01UKS 
 
 J:Mni{Aci-i) IX Tin-: lati-: confekente 
 
 OF 
 
 EASTEEX BlUTLSH AMEEICA, 
 
 INCLUDIXG 
 
 XOVA SCOTIA. XEW BKUXSWICK, PKIXCE EDWARD. 
 
 ISLAND AND BERMUDA. 
 
 By T. WATSOX S^MITII, 
 
 0/ the A'ova Scotia Con/trence. 
 
 m 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 HALIFAX, X.S., 
 METIIOWST BOOK ROOM. 125 GRANVILLE STRLLT. 
 
 1877. 
 

 60; .).) 
 
 r.iifcnd <t<-rnt\unj tn A^i if i.'it P'/'HanUht '\f f. inn la. 
 
 JJiniatcr of AjricuU'Kr^. 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 7* 
 
 I'ri'-t.'il ;iiic; I'ii!i'i-'K'<1 
 
 Till- 111!' I'ruiirii'tu"-, 
 l)v A. X\'. M -oi.sDV, 
 'i::) (.rail villi' stivL't, 
 llali.''ii.\, N.S. 
 
TO Tin: MEMORY 
 OF 
 
 MY FATHER, 
 
 WHOSE LITE, 
 
 M-ATriIE[» I5V THE EVE <.F CIHL j,n„oi,, 
 
 AM. WEIGHED UY THE JIDGMENT OF MANHOOD, 
 
 tiAVE .MK A siiinsc. r(..\vrcT](..v 
 
 OF THE HEAL I TV AND I'OWER OF 
 
 THE ni-;E[(;i(t.\ OF CIIIIIST 
 
 AND WHOSE 
 
 rXSU-ERVIs'; ATTACHMENT T.) METHODISM, 
 
 AND FUEv^IENT KEFEUEN( E.S 
 
 TO HER EARLIER ^J.^;iSTERS AND LAYMEN, 
 
 DEVELOPED THE DISi-nsiTlnx ^ynwu HAS LED 
 
 TO THE I'lK.DrcTDiN op 
 
 THIS \0Lum:, 
 
 IT IS DEDICATED 
 IN THE SPIRIT OF SINCERE FILIAL AFFECTD.X 
 
 UY 
 
 niS ELDEST ,Si;N. 
 
1 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 Twelve vcars, >ik-ii[ in rai'iie-t ciiriiil A\-()i'k. hax ,- 
 ohip.ca .iiice wro..iiiiih.|n'(.,l (,, culloct ll„. iii|i.nn:,i;,,ti 
 whir-!, is iK.u' ill ilu' iva.Icf's IkuhIs ill llic sliap.' m ;, 
 V(.!iiiii( . For iiuiiiv ycais we lia<l r.o (lcliiiit(> pui'inisc [u 
 viow; l.iil in lIu- roii;-..(. .,r lini^ (he acciiniuhi(i.,n of ma- 
 terials Mi-n-osled the i.ivi)ai-a!iMn ..fa hi^^torv; while ihe 
 Doeossily. twn yeais sinee. of a-,in.in- a >n|.eni.nner:,ry 
 iv!a(i..n. in wliieh wo were m.-i-e (Vee i,, u^c the pen than 
 the Voice, ]):vsente.I an oppMriuiiily, it" not a call, to tdl 
 what (i'(.(l had done in the da\-s <i|'()-ir falhers. 
 
 Xo apolony is needed !oi- eiiterini;- U].on a track 
 Jiitlicrlo iintroddiMi. That such a work was not nivc 
 the M.Mhoili.ls of the [,„uvr Provinces years aj.^o, whc 
 many whose ineinori(>s ,,)• dcv- k^ nii,-ht have sni^j^lied 
 valtiahle materials, were still with its, seems stran-e. 
 To.,lay. weean only n-;,ih.'r np the fra-inenls that iv- 
 iiKiin. that nothin,:,r niore may I.,. h,,.|. The piv-enr 
 V'liinieis presented to the memhers of ..nr Church ai.l 
 '-•on-re-ations, in the hopo (ha; a u^lation of ('„4\ 
 rroseiK-ewithi.sin (ho j.ot, as soon in provident ial i-,- 
 f^'''I"'^itio,is, wondorA.I conversions. c..nsecra!cd lives, 
 
 "•'""'l'!';")t departures, and lar-.cachin-roMdts-an.l in 
 
 l!'^'l'lMory(.fnohnmchol'lhe('l,i,rehor mo.-ern tini.., 
 
 are these more marked-may strei.gthon our ihilh at.l 
 
 1 to 
 
 n 
 
vi 
 
 PRKFAff:. 
 
 stinmhilo our enorirr; Jiml in;iv, a( tho sarno timc\ 
 awakfii ill llu! hearts ()(' oui' \'(tutli .-iidi an attaclimniL 
 lo tli(! Cliiircli of thcif I'atlici's, as will Is.nl tliciii ninio 
 (•Ios('l\- 1() i!. Such a rcii'ai'd, while it will I'liaMe tlu'iu 
 t> enter more heartily into all its ^odiy schemes, ni'ed 
 not, we ai'e jiersuaded, even where it may he of tlio most 
 ])ronoiiiice(l chaiactei', intei-fere in tlie least with a ical 
 and intelliii;ent love ior all who love our iiOi'd Jesus 
 Chi'ist in sincerity. 
 
 ronccrninui; the dilTicullies encounteied in the prose- 
 cution oi' our work it is not wortli while to say mueh, 
 A statement, in detail, of these, mii;-iil he re,<i;arded as an 
 appeal for sympathy; whi(di few, save those en<^'a,i;-e«l in 
 a similar woi-lc, have the ]»ower to hestow. ilistorieal 
 students know that no literary lahor can he more per- 
 ploKing. "We may, lunvcver, he jiermitted to remai'k that 
 apai't from the usual emltarrassments, whi(di sometimes 
 tem})t a wi'iter to throw down his jien in despair, we 
 have met with some iliseoiiragements, peculiar, ])erhaps 
 to the field respecting which we vrrite. The i-emoval of 
 iicarly all the early preachers and their families to othei-, 
 and, often, distant fields; the absence, until a compara- 
 tively recent period, of any local magazine, or paper for 
 the pi'eservation of current religious events, or memorials 
 of dcpai'ted worth ; the loss of many valuaLle papers and 
 records by fire ; and, worst of all, the wanton destruction 
 of many documents which would have furnished infor- 
 mation, not to 1)0 found elsewhere, liave rendered our 
 task ono of peculiar difliculty. AVe indulge the hope 
 
rrtKKArK. 
 
 VI 1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ;f::it tri" |M:l,lic.iti.)n d' thi.* v.-ork tp.:iv c;.!! ll-ni. niiv 
 •iii.irl [ii;itfi-i:il, yet in c.\i>ti-:)cc. I,iil i.iirliMi IV( m llic 
 \.:il'i:c ;:';i;-;c. SIkkiM tliis V(>liiiiu>, cnnlrjiiy lo liic ex- 
 
 |.:v- rd UM.-s (.!',>. Mil(\ 'lice! willi :i ;• :it ivlhcto.-v .iiMlKUld. 
 
 i! U";I1 i'c t'oilowc I I'V ;i srcoiKi. ;is soon as it cjin Ic iji'cpa- 
 i(.vl. v.ltlioijt iii!(.'rrc:cnrc \vi;h o.lu'i' <liiiit-, aiid wiih a 
 
 •ItU' rc_;;ir<l lo iln! CoMJiK'h.llVvS aJl^l CoMDl-lln.'.-vS ol" tlu' 
 
 u'.):-!c. 
 
 Jm tlie (.•oiii]ii!;i(io!i of this vo!ur:ic I'l has Ix.hmi Jouiid 
 iiiipos.-ililc, in ail fa^cs, to cal! a!!vi:tioii !o ;l,c w ritci-s 
 to wi/wn \\\" liavi" luTii iii.lflMi'.!. \u addifioii to tin- 
 jlii;;-li>h and (,'oloiii;;j nian-ji/.ino. Minutes and iirwsjui- 
 |)0!'^, tliu iollowin- \vo:-ks haw allocdcd \ainalic a•.^is- 
 la.M'i' : 
 
 Jiiclu'v's ' M.iiii.ir (>t']{tv. V/iiliam Uluclc' 
 
 .Miir<(leir.s ' Niirrativf i,i' a Mis.-inii.' 
 
 • Til..' LilV- ami Trawls of tlk- \W-v. Wiliiaiii TviHcv.' 
 
 SU'Vc'ns' ' History (if llii- Mitliodist Kpi.<c'oj)al Clmrf.'i.' 
 
 U.inys' ' LitV" of Ki'v. KriH'lioni (iarri.'ttsun.' 
 
 VrakiU'v's ' L<,st ('liaptors.' 
 
 MJhri'^tian Corrcspoixk-nci'. l)cin>r a c-ollcetion of lettrrs 
 wnttfii l.y t!iL' lato KVv. ,J„hu \\\vsk'v, tla' latu Mrs. 
 Kliza Bc'iiiis, and others.' 
 
 TytTiiian'.s ' Lif./ and Tiiiies nf \U-v. John Wislcv.' 
 
 AVil.-on'rf 'Newfoundland and il-; Missionaries.' 
 
 'lo tlK.sc who have rcndricd us assistance hy lilci-ai'v 
 '•on:rihu!ions; or i.y the -ill, or h.an, or perniiiiod jicru- 
 sah oii-arc i-ainj^iiloS. or (;i'i--inal i.apeis, we hei'e lender 
 our tiianiis. Anion.:; t/io>e ulio.e kindness nii'rits speeial 
 mention are the late Kev. ("anon i!en>h'y, D.D. ofKing'.s 
 C.li.-v. Windsor, X.S.; the J.Vv. J. J]. MeCulloch/^of 
 rhiJadelidda; t!ie iiev. J. ^^wAon Perkins, and Samuel 
 
TRKrAfE. 
 
 .). W. Uan-y, lv.|.. of Xrw YnvU ; TIinrnMs P.. I'!,!], i-. K-q. 
 of Lninlirrtvillr. X. .1. ; y]v<.'\\ A. AiKirr-nii, .M... S. N. 
 Uiiiiicy. .Mr<. N. II. C.ilkiii.-. :;i;>l ;il-(t Tii<iiii;i> i'-. Ak!ii>. 
 aii.l .ImIui T. Mflli-Ii. M-.p-s.. (.r Ilnliti.N. X. S. 
 
 We ;iKit tell In- ('Ml' hcnrty lii:iiil<s for niiiiiy \-;i!u:ili!t' siiii'- 
 H'l'st ions. ;iiiil luii'Ii in;] o:l:i!i( Jt>>is|;ii!cc I'dnlc! cil ii^; 
 while c'ii.';:i^Ttl in llu- ]'uli!ifati<»ii (»rthi> vo!iu:k'. 
 
 
Wis. 
 
 i 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 1XTFM)IM-('T()I:V CIIA VTi: U . 
 wj:si.i;va.\ .Mi:rii(»i)i,s.\r. 
 
 JMi^in,,. St,,l. of i.:,„|:„„l in tlH. ...rlv part of tl,. c.r^M,...nth 
 ii^.vival. ■!. 'iM.il .Mrtho.liMiitli.-oiit:rn^vti,,.f;i 
 
 i'a.i^f 17. 
 
 C'lIAiTI-li JI. 
 
 METHODISM I>: XK WK(.rxI)LANI). KHoM Tl!i; \l ,;,v \r 
 OF LArUKXCK C'OrcJHLA.N 1 X 17.;:., To i'is 
 
 in:i'A!;TL-i;!: j.\ i::,;. 
 
 Colonization of Xrufn,n„!:,-.ml. Laun.,... fou.^l.lan Cmi.. of 
 lis apponUMu.,,, as a Missionary. K.^ivai a> Ha l! ,•:,.•, V';'; 
 
 ("irlioiicar. I' 
 
 •il .'11 Uarhoi- (ir.i ■,■ an, I 
 
 i;. Sm.nr. Lxt.n.on of M.thodisn. tVon. tl.o Xo^uan I'llVIo 
 r.iyx'll. 
 
 CHAPTER 111. 
 
 OI' r.ALHLXti: CUL-GIII.AX To KXCi.VXJ) 
 
 IX ir7;J, TO TliK AHKIVAL OF JoiIX 
 
 McGKAIJV I>: J7,s.-. 
 
 'i'Uia. ihcu oilorts to *u.lain and c-xt..n.I the work. 
 
X 
 
 CO.VTENTS. 
 
 CliristJims, 1771. Str-etXwm"* Ti^It tu Ilonrt's Content. Jdunuy 
 i>\' Strotton and 'i'iionn-j jiri'/fiiad ( 'onci'iitioii Bay. 'J'iK'ir vi^ii lo 
 the ('()M;,'ri.-j;ali(inaJi»t«i aiS >n. John's. John lloskins. Moral 
 cuiulltioM ol' Old J'lrliuaai ai ntif titnt- ot" hi:, arrival. Itc^uh^ of 
 Jio.>ki!i>' t.-i!ort>. \■i^jt (.fi!l.'j*kin.s to Kn.^land. i:tdiisal uf lli-hoi) 
 l.owih to ordain liiiu. V«V4t?'i Itttor to thr I'.i.-^iiop. JVr.Mcii- 
 tion. Kfvival at lAnTi'i tlntK.-. Vi-it of llo.^kins to Triiuty, 
 Ilo-lility of tiio lUL-rehaui*- ttr"). ;l;i,e i)rca«.'hL'r and hi.i int'ssaj^c-. Out- 
 ra^roii> treatment of Ihuf'kim*, ?>[)eedy retrihution. luiurn of 
 1 111. kins to 'J'rir.iiy. lij* siivj-rt* f.ivoraliK' reee',>iioii. lie vi-its 
 lloiiavista. iJcatii of '1 ij.i-::n.>"7. ^crctton's appeal to \\'e.--lcy tor 
 a 31i>.-ion.iry. -Arrival wlJisikia Me Gear v. . . i'aue -"^'J" 
 
 CHAITEli i\', 
 
 ilKIilODIS.M L\- NOVA >n/riA, FKO.M THE AKUIVAL UF 
 
 Y(.)KK.^llJja: 3]Lli2Ml>I??Tti AT C'UMBEKl.A.M) 
 
 IN 1771'. 1\* lllE AKKIVAL OF 
 
 LOYALIST -S IN 17s:}. 
 
 Arriv;il of -settlers from liji- >".-nr Enirhmd colonies;. Onarantee of 
 religions freedom to iJl I'jrriie>tan[a eominLf into the i'roviiiee. 
 Anival of settlers from Y'jcL'hire. Their valne from a jiolitieal 
 and reli^^iiuis jtoint of vk-wr, Jirief sketehes of early Vork.-hire 
 Methodists, ilindraiicer ;o» reti;^iou.< is'rowih. Kevival in C'luii-' 
 bi'rland. Conversion of Wultiuim iSlack, Jr. JSuhseqiienl sirng- 
 gli's. Ills inlluenee al 'Li'i-iEi.e, lie heeome.-i a Local I'reaeher. 
 Jlis seizure witii otiier^. ;i.ir litv!; otiieer at Fort Cui:ii)erland. His 
 visit to tlie l-'etieuJiac rhrr. Vi.-it of Henry Alline to (."iindier- 
 laiid. Kesolution of liiu.^ it Co' devote liimself to the work of the 
 ministry. Sketch olthe l':o?ince at tiiat period. Chnrches and 
 Ministers of the Provii^ci.-- Alline's conversion and suhseqnent 
 work. IMack's labors 133 Iffirmhcrland. His trials tiiere. His visit 
 to tile ' Lower tuwat." J-Axa JSmirii of Nev.port. Moral and 
 reliuious >tate of HalJl'jii. VL-.it of Black to Halifax. His call 
 to Annapolis. His rt.iurJii lti> Cundicrland. Encourajienient at 
 I'eticndiac. Second vj-ji fy the 'Lower towns.' lilaek's cor- 
 rc>poiidence with Wt^Xef rt-^pfcling ministerial help in Nova 
 S^eotia* ........ i'ai^'e bl. 
 
 [METHODISM IN THK LOWEFi rROVINCES, FROM THE 
 
 Ai:i;iVAL OF THE L.-^VALLSTS IN 17s;i, TO THE 
 
 FIKST l^»>'r£EENCE IN 178(;. 
 
 Arrival of .American L'lviuli^t.*. New Yoik Methodists at Shel' 
 hnrne. Kohert Barry. Bbck's work a.t Liveri)ool. His visit t( 
 
 ^||e 
 
 Iburn*. 
 
 ArriviJ of J^iLn; ilann, Ciiarleij AVliite, and I'liilip 
 
I 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 XI 
 
 ^fiiTchinton. Bliuk nt riiiiil)crl:in(l. Black's \\>'\[ to rrlnco 
 Kdv^'unl l-land. Ik'iijaiiiin ('lia]iin'll. Mrtli(nli>iii at Slult-unu'. 
 ' ( Mil Mosi's,' the colorcil preaclu'r. Corrt'sjioiidcnt'e of I'arry 
 and Hlack with Wrslcy. ri'>iu'ctiiiLr iniiii>ti'rial assistance. IJlack 
 attends tlio First (iciicral ('oMt'ciciicc at IJaltiiiiorc. Dr. ( 'nkc. 
 Black's inJliK-nce iiixm (U)kc. (rarri'ttsoii and Oroniwidl ajipointt-d 
 to Xv)va Scotia. Sketch of (iurrettson. C'oke'.s laliors in helialf 
 uf the Mission. ....... l'at:e lli". 
 
 tee of 
 ',ince. 
 Inicul 
 k.-hire 
 Cu la- 
 st nig- 
 eher. 
 His 
 ul'.er- 
 i' till3 
 
 s and 
 (uent 
 
 vi>it 
 
 and 
 
 .- call 
 
 !it at 
 ^ cor- 
 
 Nova 
 ;e 81. 
 
 THE 
 
 Shel- 
 I'isit to 
 IriiiUl' 
 
 « 
 
 cirAi'TKii vr. 
 
 METHODISM IX THE LOWER IMJOVIXCES, FROM THE 
 
 ARRIVAL OF THE LOVALLS'l'S IX 178M, TO THE 
 
 FIIiST CONFEREXCE IX ITSC. {Ondinucd,) 
 
 Arrival of Garrettson and and f'roniwell. Black in New England. 
 F ivoratde reception of (Jarrettson by those in anthority in llali- 
 fix. His entrance nnon iiis work. His visits to the conntry. 
 Interviews with the XewliLrhts. Oarrettson's visit to Liverjtool. 
 IJeliuions state of that township, (rarrettson's success at Shel- 
 Vmrrie. Continued ojiposition. Black's work at Halifax, and in 
 the country districts. Garrettson's plan of work in H;difax. 
 M.irchinton's ])roposal to Wesley resjiectintr the erection of u 
 chapel. Report of ])rospocts in the (M)untry. .lonathan Crane 
 and his wifi\ James X'. Shannon. Introduction of Meth.oilisiij 
 at I>arrinL,'tnn and Capo Netrro. Mrs. Joseph Homer. Samuel 
 (>. Do;me. James Mann. InteresfinLT incident. Black's removal 
 to Halifax. State (.f reliiiious society in that town, lievival. 
 Alexander Anderson. William Grandin. Incident at Liverjiool. 
 F'ir>t Provincial Mithodist Conference. Absence of Dr. C(d<e. 
 Aiipointments. Miunbership. Finances. Dr. Cuke's storn\y 
 pa-s^age, and arrival at Antigua. . . . Fage l.l-i- 
 
 ClIArTEPt VJT. 
 
 METHODIS^I IX THE LOWER FROVIXCES, FRO:\r THE 
 
 FIRST COXFEREXCE IX ITHO, TO THE CLOSE OF 
 
 THE COXFEREXCE YEAR 179C-1. 
 
 L'^e of the press by Metliodists. Influence of Fletcher's works. 
 John Allisf)n. Toils ai:d successes of the preachers during the 
 winter of 178G-7. Return of Garrettson and Cromwell to tho 
 United States. Keview of Garrettson's laljors in Nova Scotia. 
 Charles Wliite. Arrival of William Jessoj). State of tlu- work 
 in the Frovinces during tho .summer of 1787. J(din Black. 
 Second Conference. Arrival of James \Vray. His appointment 
 as Superintendent by Wesley. Political excitement in the Pro- 
 vince. Wesley's views respecting ordination. Ordination of 
 Ti^-'ilUara Black John Alann and James Mann at Philadelphia, 
 
Xll 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 I?osi;;nation of llic SajxTintciKkMov by Wray. ninl a])])'iintinr'nt of 
 Black to till- ollico. Irrc.iriilar Itiiicraiicy ot" that day. (iniwtli 
 ol'liiL' work. ( )iK'niiiL;' of .Methodist C'luiri'li in Sackvilio, N. JJ. 
 Vi.-it of ThDiiia- ()\\H'iis. a West Indian Missionary, at Livcrimol. 
 'J'iiDinas Whiti'hcad. Kcnioval of Wray to tlic Wot Indies. 
 Janii- Mann at New Voik. Wesley's deatli. JNIeetinir of lUack 
 \vit!i Coke at i'iiiiad(d[ihiu. .... Taue LS4. 
 
 ("IIAPTIMJ VIII. 
 MI■:TIroI)Is^r ix tiik lowki; puc )vixcks, rijo^r the 
 
 Sr.MMKU OF ]7'.)1, TO TIIK OOXFKIJKXCK OF 17'.'-;;. 
 
 Arrival of .«ix ])reaehers from Xew York, and of Alirahani J. IJisIiop 
 frniii Knirland. StepJuMi IlmnlH^rt. Uislmp in St. .iolui, >,'. H. 
 J'onuation of tlie tir>t Methoilist Society in that eity. David 
 (jeorLTe. the colored r)a[)ti>t ])rea(;lier. Yisit of Bi-hoi) to Shef- 
 field. JJeliLrious fVei'duni in >.'e\v I'runswick. l>lack ]ire\ i-nted 
 from preachinj,' in St. John. i!ishop's vi.-it to Shetlield, I'reder- 
 icton, and Xa^l!\vaak. I'urchase of a church in St. .John. Sketch 
 of Duncan Mc( 'oil. His work at St. Stejjhen. His union with 
 the Meiiiodist Itinerants. Farley's laiiors at (himherland. His 
 work liurinir the winter of 17'.M-1'. Keniarkahle conversions. 
 lievival at Wallace, under the ministry of (Jrandin. Slephen 
 ("ati/ield. Closing; of Marchiuton's l)uildin,t,' a_i,''ainst the Metho- 
 di.»t> of Halifax. Stiljseriptions in !iid of a ^tlethodist cliureh. 
 Public sym])athy. Letter of liichard .[. Uiiiacke, Fsfjr. OccU]ia- 
 tion of tiie theatre as a [jreachini,^ place. Additioiis to tlu' society 
 at Halifax. J-'irst Trustees. OiieniiiLr of Zoar Chapel. Methodist 
 
 tfoldiers. Admiral Watts, ^larcliintou's buildin"'. 
 
 Paire Ui; 
 
 CMIAJTKJi IX. 
 
 .AIKTIIOT)TS'.:\r IX THE LOWFli PUOVIXCES, PIJOM THE 
 JSL'MMEIl OF 17!H TO THE COXFEKEXCE 
 
 OF 17'X).— (Continued.) 
 
 Tvemoval of X'e'froes to Sierra Leoni'. T 
 
 iieu' 
 
 nibseijuent hi.-tory 
 
 Conference <if 17'.i2. New church at Windsor. Cooper at Anna- 
 polis. IJIack at Slu'tlield. Incident at Wallace. Success of the 
 Work ill Halifax. ljisho[) in St. John. His de[»arture. His re- 
 moval to (irenada, and death there. ^[cColl in Xew Brun-wick. 
 ExtravaL'ances ;it Shetliidd. (Irandln in Prince Ivlward Island. 
 Nathanael Wriiiiit. Grandin at Nashwaak. Persecution of 
 (irandin and Earley. Courteous conduct of (iov. Carleton. 
 Ilardsiiips of Earley, at Pleasant Valley. lOarley's return to the. 
 United States. Ulack's visit to the (ieneral Conference. His 
 appointment a.s Presidini;- lUiler in the Wost Indies. Erection of 
 new church at Liverpool. Trustees. Simeon Perkins and 
 Namuel Hunt, Es(irs. C'onfereiice of 1793. Black iiermitU'd to 
 remain in Nova IScytia. ..... Page 2o0. 
 
 I 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Xill 
 
 CITAPTKR X. 
 
 METHODISM TX XKWKc )r.\l)LAN]), FKOM TIIK AKUI- 
 
 VAL OF JOHN M.UKAKV, IX 17h.->, TO THAT 
 
 OF JAMKS 151'LI'IT IX IT'J'.t. 
 
 John McGcaiy. Failure (if Ilamiiiett and Clarke t(j reach X'e\vt')iiii(l- 
 land. Lack of hariiiuiiy aiiion^' the preachers. ('()rres])()nilence 
 of Wesley ri'spectiiiii' it. K'eturn of McOeary to Knulaml. l^rec- 
 tion of a churcli at ILirhor ( rrace Ity Sirettoii. ReliLcious cuiiditiou 
 of that place. Visit of William J51ack to Xewf minllaiiil. IvMni- 
 sive revival. l{esiilt< of Black's visit. Iiiciileiit comiccicil with 
 Hoskins' heljiers. Geori;i' \'ey. Kolierl Carr 15rackeii!iiiry. 
 Stretton's apiieal to him for a [ireacher. Arrival (jf (leorLTc 
 Smith. His application fur e!!ii)loyment by tlu- Society fo,' the 
 Proi)a nation of the (losjiel in Forei'j:n Farts. His return to Xew- 
 fouuiilaml with William 'I'lioreshy. His illness at I5oiia\i-ta. 
 His sul)sequent labors there. ('Iiarles Saint. Smith's rrturn to 
 Enuland. Hardships and i)lea>ure.> of the voya.i^e. Ifeturu of 
 Tliorcsliy. Arrival of James l}uli>it. . . l'a;je l'7<;. 
 
 ry. 
 ina- 
 Itlio 
 
 re- 
 
 ick. 
 
 lud, 
 
 of 
 
 in. 
 
 jthe, 
 His 
 ll of 
 
 |uid 
 to 
 
 }. 
 
 f 
 
 cirAPTivPt xr. 
 
 METHODISM IN THE LOWER PUOVIXCES, FKOM Till-: 
 
 COXFEKEXOE OF 17'.i:i TO THE END 
 
 OF THE YEAR 17'.»;». 
 
 Return of s(>veral Ministers to the l'niti'(l States. Thomas "White- 
 liead. War tietween Enuland and France. Conference of 1 7'.H. 
 Theodore Setli Ilardinir. Visit of IJhick to i'rince Edward I- 
 land. Rev. Theophilus DesRrisay. Arrival of Jessoji and 
 Stocket. .lessop's trials in St. .lohn. Boyd's withdrawal. Fidhr's 
 appointment to Sheliicd(L Ah'xander McLeo(L Fidk-r at Anna- 
 polis. Conference of 17'.)<1. Return of the .\merican Preachers 
 to tiie Cnited States. Stations. Extracts from Miiuites of ]7'J'>. 
 Royd's course. Jessop's tleath. Jesse Lee's visit to McColl. 
 Ditticulties of travellinij:. McCoU's visit to the United States. 
 His ordination hy Ashury. St. Stephen circuit. Impressive 
 inciiU'ut. Fidler's work on the St. John river. Revival at 
 Liverpool and tlie adjoiniu!,' settlements. Joshua and Francis 
 Newton. Conversion in the jail. Xeil Camphell. Conference 
 ofl7'.H;. Fredericton. IMaek at the General Conference. Hit 
 failure to olitain lai)orers for the Provinces. Fidler at Liverjiool 
 and Shelhurne. Conference of 171>7. MeCoU in New Rrunswick. 
 Conference of 171>S. ]Jlack in Xew Brunswick. McColl and the 
 ' Antinomians.' Work at St. Stei)hen. Re-adiiussion of Cooper 
 to the Ministry. Return of Fidler to the Uniti'd States. His char- 
 acter and subsetiueat life. Ilemoval of Grandin. . . . Page '^W. 
 
mmm 
 
 XIV 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 cirArTr]]{ xir. 
 
 liEVIF.W OF ^lETIIODISM IX THE LOWER PROVIXCES, 
 
 AT THE END ()F 17i)'.K 
 
 Ililifax. U'nhealtliy inlliicnccs at Liv(.T[)0()l. Slu'llxirne. Mr>. 
 Jloose. Wind-ior. Decline- of the work at Ni'\v|)ort. IIi.'Ii) aftorrl- 
 ed by Kcv, W. Twiniiii^ at Ilorton. ('uiiilxTlaiid. Annapnli-;. 
 Loss in Now IJninswick tlirou:;-li want of laliorurs. St. John. 
 Eirst Motliodist clmrcli at Nasliwaak. Slu'ffii.dd. McCJoll at St. 
 .Stc'ijlion. rrincc Edward Island. Total MUMiil)orsir!p in the 
 Lower Provinces. Losses by removal from Ilalifaxand St. John. 
 vSoliition of the question whether the Methodism of the liowcr 
 Provinces should he after the Enj^H-ih or .\mi'ri(;an tyjje. InlhnMice 
 of American Methodism upon tliat of tlie Lower Provinces. \''ii'ws 
 of the early Provincial Metliodists respectin;^ tlie ICi)iscopaI 
 C'lHir(;h. Wesley's advice upon the subject. Period of tinal 
 separation between Methodists and Eijiscopalians in the Lowt-r 
 Provinces. Attack of the Episcop.il IJishop. . . Pai^e ;5.'i2. 
 
 ciiArTHii xrrr. 
 
 METIKMHSM IX NEWFOUXDLAXI), FROM THE BEGIX- 
 
 XING OF 1800, TO THE CLOSE OF THE CONFE]|- 
 
 EXCE YEAR, 1812-l;5. 
 
 P.eli'jriouP! state of Newfoundland at the beixintiim; of the conturv. 
 J'raiseworthy eflorts of the British and C'olonial authorities. 
 P.esiiUs of ne<rlect. Itoman Catholic proselytism. .Arrival of 
 iiiiiil-aers sent out by the London Missionary Society. James 
 Buljiit. Jolm J{emminL,'ton. Jolin Stri'tton. (rrates Cove. 
 Jolm iloskins, Jr. Arrival of William Ellis and Samuel .Mc- 
 ])i)well. Request for a .Missionary, from Honavista. AppDirt- 
 iiient of William Ward to that place. Coke's care for his Mis- 
 sionaries. Return of Remniin.i^ton to Ireland. Death r)f Ward. 
 Tlie work in Conception Bay. Erection of new churches. 
 Kevival in Tshmd Cove. John Gosse, Esq. Arrival of Ri('hard 
 Taylor. State of the work at the ch)se of 1812. Sad events. 
 
 Page 352. 
 
 ClIAPTEll XIV. 
 
 METHODISM IN THE LOWER PROVINCES, FROM THE 
 BEGIXXIXG OF 1800 TO THE CONFERENCE OF 1805. 
 
 Difficulties of the Itinerancy in the Provinces. Unfavorable in- 
 tluences. Black's return with recruits. William Bennett. 
 Joshua Marsden. James Lowry. Coke's offer to Lorenzo Dow. 
 False impressions coucerniug the Provinces. Sailing of tiie 
 
CONTEXT.^. 
 
 XV 
 
 •qiicnt hi^torv, 
 
 f'KIe. Ai.i.ui.itin.nt of Kob.rl blnnl.v. p';"" ' "^* 
 
 i V • • • • X U 'J, *, ' 
 
 .l'>J , 
 
 nrAPTi'R XV. 
 
 METIIOmSAr TX THE LOWER rWOVIXCES, TllOM Tin. 
 COXFKRKXCi: OF ISO. TO THAT OF ,.ik ^^^ 
 
 ;-;p; to s..„r. in;,o. J;;^ ,;;^!;^ iv;>.^n ^;;r^::^.;:;;;!^-^''^"- •^- 
 
 . ni,l hy X,.vs' Brunswick Council to T 
 
 I'age l^Ur. 
 
XVI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 (MIAPTKR XV r. 
 
 METIIODIS^r IX BERMUDA, FHOM THE ATIHIVAL OF 
 ,)()11N STEl'UEXSOX I\ 17;t;». TO lllS DEi'AK- 
 TL'JiE IN 18U2. 
 
 Bi'U'f ik'scription of Ijcnimda. Early rcliirious lii.-torv. I'lTkrlcys" 
 inti'iiik'd colk'i^e. Vi.^it of Wliiu-lii-lil. ])uncaii McColl. 
 
 Caiitain Traviso. iSlavory. Corri'spoiKh-ncc of Eiindi Matsoii 
 iind ("aptuiu ^lackio witli Dr. Cokf, rL'.-i»i-'ctiiiii ii .Mi>-i'niary. 
 A)»pointiiiont of John JStoplu'iison. iriu-xpfctt'il ofU'r of a pa.— 
 sai^e. PrejuilicL' of Brnniiilians iiLraiiist Striilionsoii. rro->pi.'('t 
 of ;-ii('('css. The iA'atlicriii.;' chjiiil. Strphi'ii-oii ^uiiuiioiuil l)e- 
 foi't.' a lua^istratc for ])r(.'."('hiii,n- in thi' house of a muhitto. Pas- 
 sage of a Hill by the Legislature to j)re\H-nt hini from prraehin;;'. 
 Jn.-olent treatment of the (iovrrnor. Arre>t of Stephni-un and 
 I'eter I'allas, Trial of Stephenson. Al)le defence of Esteii, 
 Conviction and imprisonment of Stt'p.ienson. C)irer of arelea>e 
 on dishoiioralde conditions declineil. J'ersceution of I'allas. 
 Close of Stei)henson's term of im])risonment. His return to 
 Ireland, and retirenxent frt m the active niinistrv. His deatli. 
 
 ■ . Taire 4;i0. 
 
 ciiapti:r XYir. 
 
 METHODISM IN BERMUDA, FROM THE DEPARTURE OF 
 
 JOHN STEPHENSON IN ls02, TO THE 
 
 SUMMER OF 1813. 
 
 Results of the Act passed in ISd.'). Difllculty in findiuix a succes- 
 sor to Stephenson. Black's unsuccessful attenijit to reaeli the 
 Islands. Conversion of a Mendter of the Council. Appoint- 
 ment of Joshua Alarsden to Bernnida. His arrival in JSDS. 
 Opi)osition of the inhaldtants. Kind reception I»y the (iovernor. 
 Eemoval of minor dilliculties. Marsden's first sermon. State 
 of morals at St. George's. The Ejjiscopal cleri,'y of that day. 
 Indications of interest. Formation of a Society. Kichard M. 
 Iliiifujs. Incident. Varied character of the Alissionary's work. 
 Turning of the tide. Kemoval of ^Marsden to HamiltoTi. Suc- 
 cessful services. Grant of land by the Corporation of Hamilton 
 for a Methodist Church. Growth of the membershijt at St. 
 Georgt''s. Class on board H. M. S. Indian. Erection of a place 
 of worship at Hamilton. Opening services. Organization of a 
 Methodist Church. Efforts to l)enefit the colored pcoi)le. 
 Trials and triumphs. Ai)pointment of James Dunbar to Ber- 
 muda. His arrival. Grief at Marsden's departure. His suc- 
 cess. His detention in the United States. 'lis re*Mrn to England. 
 Subsequent life. Dunbar's organization A the Church. I'leas- 
 ing prospects in Bermuda in the summer of li^ll'. . Page 405, 
 
L OF 
 
 krlovs' 
 [cC'o'll. 
 Matsoa 
 iiiiiury. 
 ii pas- 
 rospt'ct 
 L'(! hc- 
 
 I'ilS- 
 
 oil and 
 Kstt'ii. 
 
 rrloa.-(j 
 Pallas, 
 urn to 
 ■ath. 
 ;v 4;)9. 
 
 :e of 
 
 IR'COS- 
 
 •li the 
 ipoint- 
 
 1S08, 
 crnor. 
 
 t^tatc 
 t (lav. 
 vi\ M. 
 work. 
 
 Suc- 
 nilton 
 lit St. 
 place 
 1 of a 
 L'ople. 
 
 Ber- 
 i siic- 
 rland. 
 L'k-as- 
 
HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 L\ KASTKKN BRITISH AMKKICA. 
 
 :^' 
 
 « ♦ * 
 
 IXTlJODrCTORV (MIAPTKK. 
 
 ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF METHODISM. 
 
 Ut'liijious State of EiiLchind in tin- i-arly part of tlu' Eighteenth 
 CciUiiry. Thi' Epwortii Rectory. Conversion of John Wi.'ley. 
 Tlu' title of " Metiiodist." Geort,^' Whittiehl. "Wosley'.s Irre- 
 ,<;uhirities. Final separation of Wt'sJey from the Moravians. 
 Origin of tlie Methodist Societies. Lay lielpers. Doctrines of 
 INIethodisni. Freedom to the Laity. Success of Methodism. 
 Wesley's genius for government. Modern Methodism a con- 
 tinuati(jn of Wi-sley's work. Sei)aration of Methodism from 
 the Established Church, final. Methodism the out growth oi' 
 a Revival. 
 
 Many ])ei's()ns, even in Pi'otestant ccmiitn'os, t^})eak' oi 
 MetliCKlisni willi a dim C()iu'e|)li()ii ol' its orii^iii and tliai'- 
 aeter. To coniprohoiid these clearly, the I'eli^'ious slate 
 (»f l-';ni;-land. diii'iiiLC the eai'liei" |iai't of the eii;'lileontli 
 eeutiu'v, sliould l)e earel'uUv sludieil. To the ('hri^liaii 
 student the i-eview will he })r()duetive ol' little j)lea>iire. 
 It will not, however, he without protit. 
 
 At tiuit jiei'iod. thick darkness had over-sprea<l Kn-;-- 
 land. Here and there, from iiiimhle souls, anxiou> in- 
 quii-ies respecting the 'night' were heard; hut the re- 
 s})onses to these, from the ' watchmen', were few and 
 feeble, such as come from men wliose numbei'sare small, 
 and whose hearts are wear v. 
 
 Isaac Taylor, who will not In- charged with undue 
 prepossession in fuvor of Methodism, only echoes the 
 
18 
 
 IIWrORY OF MKTJIODIS.V. 
 
 sad concliisioii at wliidi the fhitliful lew of Kotli tlio 
 gival ivlii^ioiis ]»ai'tii's in Kni^lainl had ariivcd, wlu'ii he 
 Hlates thai, at the time of which we write. th(^ Aiii^licsin 
 (Miiii'h was 'an eeelesiastieal system under which the 
 peoph'of Kiiu^hiiid litid hipsed into lieatht'iiism, or a state 
 hardly to iuMlistiiii^uislied from it ;' whilethe ' hmj^uish- 
 in^•' Non-C'(mformity of tlio <lay, 'was raj»idly in course 
 t'» he found nowhere but in books.' ' 
 
 Burnet, Bislioj) of Salisbury, in tlie ))refaco to the 
 third edition of his 'Pastoral (*ai'e,' ])u])lished iiilTl.'J, 
 i;Mves a sad descri-})tioii of Ihe cdei'gy of ins own diocese. 
 ' Our K.mbcr weeks,' he wrote, ' are the burden and 
 grief of my life. Tlie much _u;reater part of those who 
 come to be or(iained are ii^noraut, to a dei^ree uot to be 
 apprehended by those who are not obliged to know it. 
 Those who luive read some few books, yet seem not to 
 have read the Scri]>tui*es. Many cannot t^ive a toler- 
 able account even of the catechism itself, how short and 
 plain soever. They cry, and thiidc it a sad disgrace to 
 be denied oi'ders, tliough the ignorance of some is such 
 that, in a well regulated state of things, they would 
 appear nc^t knowing enough to bo admitted to the holy 
 sacrament.' 'The ease is not much better,' he adds, ' in 
 many who, having got into orders, come for institution, 
 and cannot make it appear that they have read the 
 Scriptures, or any one good book since they were ordain- 
 ed ; so that the small measure of knowledge upon whicli 
 they got into holy orders not being impi'oved, is in a way 
 quite lost ; and they think it a great hardship if they 
 are told they must know the Scriptures and the body of 
 divinity better, before they can be trusted with the care 
 of souls.' 
 
 Southey, who will not be suspected of detracting from 
 
 * Taylor's ' "Wesley and Methodism,' pp. 56, 59. 
 
1 
 
 OnrGTN AXn rUMi.\rTEn. 
 
 19 
 
 ho 
 
 they 
 
 (ly of 
 
 caro 
 
 from 
 
 th-' lioi:(»i' of that chiircli. wliich lie so fivqiiontly doftMid- 
 I'd. says in his ' Lifo of Wi-sloy;' ' Owiiii; to tlic iiiilif- 
 tVfroiH'c or iii('a])ticity of oin' ]):u't (►f the eleri^y, and ilic 
 teinpcr ofanother, there was at ihe sanie time an inci'i-a>r 
 of liinalicisin, and a lU'cay of i^cncral I'iv'ly. The cleri^y 
 had h>st that authorits' which nia\' ahvavs coniinand at 
 K-a-t the ajtpearanee of ri'>iic<t ; and they had h)st tliat 
 roiHii aNo h\' whitdi the phicc of authority n»a\ 
 "^onu'tiincs .') much inorc woi'thily lie sii|)|>licd. In the 
 Ljrcat jnajoi'lty of thi' cU'ruy zeal was wantinic. 'V\\v 
 execUeiit Lciii;hton spoke of the ( 'liiiivh • as a fair carcase 
 without a .'-pirit ; in doctrine, in worship, and in tlie main 
 part of its i^ovci'nnient. he thoni;'ht it the hi'st eonstituted 
 in the wor'.d. but one of the most corru]»t in its adminis- 
 tration.' 'The <?rcat majority of the ])0])uhiee,' Soulhey 
 states, • !;new nothing' more of reliicion than its foi-ms. 
 Tliey !i;;d heen Pa|>ists formerly, and now tliey wore 
 P:o!e-tants, but they liad never been ('hrislians. The 
 Ii •.oiination had taken away the ceremonies to which 
 tlu-y were attached, aiul substituted nothing in their 
 suad. There was the Bible indeed, iuit to the i^reat body 
 oftlie labouring ])e()i)le the Bible was, even in the letter, 
 a >eale(I Iiook. Among the educated chLsses, too little 
 care wa-i taken to imbue them early with this better 
 faith; and too little exertion used for awukoning them 
 from the pursuits and vanities of this world, to a salutary 
 and hopet'ul contemplation of that which is to come. 
 And there was the heaviei" evi! that tlie greater part of 
 tln' nation were totall}- uneducated ; Christians no farther 
 tlian the mere ceremony of baptism could make them, 
 lieing for the most part in a state of heathen, or worse 
 than lieathen, ignorance.' 
 
 The long continued ol>seryance of forms by partially 
 ed;;.ated men, who fail to trace any connection between. 
 
I'd 
 
 iiisroii y or MF/nioDit^M, 
 
 t lie t'oi'iiis iiiid soiiir ••U';ii'l\' dt'liiicd rc'litcioii"^ |iriii('i|ili', 
 lends to iiitidclily. Tlic t ravcllci" i»ii the cDtitiiiciit ol' 
 I'lurojK^ is iin|»ri'sscd with ilii- thct. Tliroii:;!! ili,- 
 ii^iKii'.-uicc III" di\diif Initli on tlic pnrt of the |M'o|(|f i)\' 
 iMiii'liiiid, iiiid tlic iti(;i|)iicit y nt'tlu- clt'i'ijy to lead tluin 
 iVoiii dai'kiu'ss to li^lit. inlidclity was. at tlic |ici'iod iindci- 
 i'c\ icw. niaU'iiii;' I'apid. stiidc- in i'lnii'Iaml. l5islio|) Biilici", 
 in liis • advoi'tisoini'nt" to the ' Anuloiry,' ]nil)lislicd in 
 lT'i»>. sjtcaks of the infidelity ol'thc |ici'io<l. -it is cuiiic." 
 he w'i'ites. • 1 know not how. to he taken I'oi' Lcranlcij hy 
 many jiersons. that Chi'ist ianity is nut so niucli as a 
 suhjeet of in(|iiiry ; hut that it is now. at length, 
 discovered to ln' tietilioiis. .Vml. accoi'din:j,'ly, the\' li'cat 
 it as if. in the |ti'eM'nl a^'c. this wci'c an a;^M'i'ed point 
 anion;^; all people of discci'iuncnt. and iiolhini;' remained 
 hut to set it n|» as a principal siihject of mirth and 
 I'idicule, as it wvw hy way i»f ivj)!'isals. for its havini;- so 
 loiii^ iiitorniptt'd the pleasuivs of the woi'ld." ^Fhe sad 
 statement of the learned authoi" of the 'AnaloLT^'' tin<ls 
 melanelioly eonfirmation from Montesquieu, of I-' ranee, 
 wlio, in his account of a visit to l'ln_:i;land. in iTl!!'. 
 remarks, 'There is no relii^'ion in I^iii;'land. Jf (jiie s])eaks 
 of velii;"ion, everylxxly lau;i:hs.' KIsewlicro he aijds. • I 
 pass in France as havini;- too little ieli_i,^ion ; in Mn^land 
 as haviiijj; too much.' 
 
 Meanwlule, under the salutar}- home influences of a 
 secluded viUai^e rectory in Lincolnshire, and the tliorouu-h 
 intellectual training of Oxford, a young man. (piite 
 unconscious of his destiny, was being prepared In 
 Providence to take the ieaderslii]) of a new religious 
 movement. To his father, a man of decided convictions, 
 and great strength of purpose, the young man owed much; 
 to his mother, gifted with ruro common sense, and sound 
 Christian judgment, and I'avourcd with an excellent 
 
oinaix AM> <'// A h\\( "//■:/:. 
 
 .>' 
 
 litcrai'V ami i-cliLrious (ulucatidii. In- nwril >till iiioi'r. 
 TufninLT IVnin tlu' niarldf .-lali wliirli inark> Iut i'i'>liiiu' 
 jthu'c ainoiiiT the iiolcil dead ol RiiiiIiill-rn'l(U. oi' iVmii llic 
 liinl'c |il('(»'IlliMlls Iiioiillliicllt lalt'U' ci'ccU'il ti) luT liK'liior^- 
 
 ill iVoiil itl" City li'iad <'Iia]n'l, lo I he loiiiliol' hci- m>ii at 
 the fear dl' I liat ('atluMJval cliiu'cli oT L(,ih1(>ii Mclliuiii-ni. 
 tiu- lli(»Ui;htriii visitoi- will a>k liiiii>rlt' u li.i lice to 
 Sii>aiina. the iimtlicr of t jif \\\'>K'ys, or to licf on ,lo|m. 
 lieloiii;"' ill I'l'ality lli" lilK' <»t' • l-'oiiiiilfi- ol' .Mfiliodism," 
 usually iiotowcij hjiom the latttT. It. al least, is ci'iMaiii 
 that iioiu' will he iiiclijit'd I' .all iiM|ii('>l ion iho stalcinfnt 
 ol' a ri'fi'iit wi'itiT. that the practical Mclliodisni of iju' 
 i'cctoi'\-. more than aii\' other Jiiiinaii cause, in'oiliUH'd the 
 eecdosiastical Mdhodisin which tt)-day is spreadinu" the 
 AVesleyaii iiaiue t hroiiichoiit the world. -' 
 
 How .lohii Wesley won lioiioraMe literary distinction 
 at Oxfoivj ; liow lie hecame connected with the "Holy 
 dull" at the rniversitw ami was acceiiled 1>\' his hi'olher 
 Charles and tlu' other nuiiihers of il as tlu-ir leadei'. 
 sharinii; with them their lahoiirs and their reproach; how 
 from the readitii;' (»f • The Imitation of('lirist,' and the 
 Work's of William Law, he was in dan^'er of my>lieal 
 tendencies, from which he was rescued hy the icood 
 judi;"nient oi his niolher; how he Avetit to (iet»rii,"ia as a 
 missionuiy. cntorinii; upon his duties as a 11 ii;'h-( 'hiiridiman 
 of the 'straitest sect;' and how he returned after his 
 intercourse Avith (he ifodly Moravians on shii)hoard. and 
 onshore, adniittin^c the mistaken charaeti'r of his zeal, 
 and writini^ in liis journal as he apju'oaeiied the Land- 
 I'jid, 'I went to Amuriea to convert tlu' Indians, hut (.). 
 who shall eonvcrt me?' have heen many tinie.s t(;ld hy 
 historians of Methodism. 
 
 Wesley reached his nativt' land after an absence of 
 
 - Stevens' 'History of Methodi-siii,' Vol 1, p. 57. 
 
oo 
 
 IIISTOBY OF METHODISM. 
 
 moi'C thiin two years, ia Iir>.'. happy luiui tliaii al lii.s 
 (icpjirture for America, Ii<-.- had gone forth in the s]»iril 
 of duty, an earnest nmu-ikt^ of the p]pii<co])al Chureh, 
 connecting religion \\\\h live idea of a national estahlish- 
 mcnt, a divinely tran-riiiiitited authorit}', and a legally 
 prescribed liturgy. Diiirmg his absence 'in the ends ol" 
 the earth,' an importaui c-hange had taken jdace in his 
 views. The Moravian^ fciad been his earthly teachers. 
 With a party of them h*:- Bnad crossed the ocean, and had 
 witnessed, during sLoriK.* which threatened (iestructinn. 
 the presence of a jiicty *.tii|ienor to his own. The j)iiblic 
 and private teaching <*f s Bit-; Moravian pastor, and the 
 cheerful, confluent . jirACitittiili religious life of the Moravian 
 people, in marked coulj-ri^tt with his own religion of doubt 
 and asceticism. su])p]i<.i'l I'lim. after his arrival in (jJeorgia, 
 with a test, in the ]Tes<-Bure of which, himself being the 
 judge, he could not -^xmA. He carried his ca^e to the 
 Word of God. Ujjder tL.<." teaching of that word, Mjuick 
 and })owerfii]." the old foiisiadations of his ho])e vanished. 
 He became convin<'e<l a* he himself writes, that • his 
 own works. \\\^ cavij s;uif«ering-. his own righteousness, 
 wore so far from j'ecom-iEmg him to an oifended (Jod. so 
 lai" from making atoiK-MiKe-iftt: for those sins, which ' wei"e 
 more in numbei' thanliiif hairs of his head,' that the most 
 s])ecious of them ijc->ti<ki'i an atonement themselves.' •' 
 The haj^piness wl)ich I)*.- >aiw -afar ott" to be the evident 
 privilege of the child <tf God. only increased his ])resent 
 unrest. He souglit in xam in his ownjieart ibr evidences 
 of faith in Clu-i-t ai>*3 E«>ve to (to<1; he feared death, and 
 shrank Irom tlie life U'-ytm<l: he felt himself to Ite an 
 iinforgiven sin^iei". T}ii«? tSrst few weeks which followed 
 his return to his wa\i\«: land, were, therefojv, weeks of 
 darkness and anxiety. 
 
 ■' ' Journal.' Feb. I'S*^, 
 
ORJCiJX AND CHARACTER. 
 
 23 
 
 1 hi^ 
 spirit 
 iiivh, 
 l.lish- 
 
 ids ol' 
 ill Ills 
 cliors. 
 (I luul 
 letioTi, 
 j)iiMic 
 i<l the 
 i-aviaii 
 'doubt 
 ^orsA'ia, 
 ii_<;- I he 
 to the 
 ' quick 
 nished. 
 
 In the economy of s^race, us in nature, it is often 
 found that the darkest hotir })recedes the dawn. Ila])- 
 f»ily, whik' Wesley hanged for the light, he met with a 
 Moravian teacher, who. urged him to Avait lor it, not 
 in the reading of theologians, but in the study ol' the 
 Holy vScriptuivs. ITjion this counsel ho acted. The re- 
 >Elt was such as never fails to reward him wlio seaivlies 
 in the treasury of the Divine Word for wliat he cannot 
 tiind in liim>elf, a ground of justification before God. A 
 diiv came at length on which he could joyfuUv sav, "J 
 have found it." This w^as the 24th of May, 1738. On 
 cPiie evening of that day he attended a nieeting at Alders- 
 gate street, London, whei-e a layman read, 'Luthei''s 
 Introtluction to the E})istle to the ilomans.' I^espeeting 
 Eheevent.he writes: '1 felt mylicart strangely wr.rmed ; 
 I felt that I did trust in Christ, Christ only, foi- salva- 
 nion: and an assurance was given me that He had taken 
 away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law 
 **i sin ami deatli. I tlien testified openly to all there, 
 what I now felt first in my heart.' ' That e.vening a 
 • rnjop of friends' tool<- liim from tlie meeting to his l)i'o- 
 ttfier r'harlos, who thi'co (hiy>> ]»reviously had Ix'en made 
 a partaker of 'like precious faitli.' After singing a 
 BiVTnn with joy, they parted with prayer. 
 
 The epithet of ' Methodist' had l)een ajijilied to Charles 
 Wesley and the other memhei-s of the 'llolyCluh' at 
 Oxford, some years before, during the tenijioraiy alisence 
 of John Weslev at his father's rectoi'v at lOnworth ; l»ut 
 the real commencement of Methodism may be dated from 
 tt he hour when John Wesley, freed from the 'spiiit of 
 bondage unto fear,' received the assurance of forgive- 
 fiiie^s. and entered into tlu' liherty of the children of (Jod. 
 T(i> testify openly, in a widei' sphere, of the jiowci- ami 
 
 ' • Journal,' May, 1738. 
 
24 
 
 in STORY OF METTIOBISM, 
 
 \villinf{ness of Christ to do fof every in;iii. wlmt Clu-ist, 
 hud done for him. was heucefortli to lie Wesh^y's 
 employment during- a long and busy life. Px'foj-e enterin<;' 
 upon it, he spent Wmv months in ]Iolland and (Jermany, 
 ul the liead-quartcrs of the Moravians, who luid shewn 
 him the way of salvation thronu;h faith. At Ilernhiil, 
 which seemed to him the • city of God,' he was thorou<,dily 
 ut home. ' I w^ould gladly,' he says, ' have spent my life 
 liere, Itiit my Mastei" calling me to lahoi- in other ])arts 
 of his vineyard, I was constrained to leave this happy 
 place.' From Germany he I'eturned, contirmed in his 
 new religious experience, and in some important doctrinal 
 view^. At a later pei'i()d, we trace the influence of this 
 visit in many details of Methodist disci])lino. 
 
 A shoi-t time hefore "Wesley's ariival from America, 
 George Whitlield, another member of the little band at 
 Oxford, having found peace through believing, had 
 preached in the churches of Bi'istol and London with 
 marked etfect. He had then sailed foi- America. Charles 
 Wesley, during the absence of his })rotlior in (iermany, 
 had followed in WhitHeld's track, till the earncBtness 
 with which he set forth salvation through faith alone, 
 alarmed some, and led to the closing of church at'ter 
 church against him. He then s]ient his time in exhorting 
 the ' Societies' which had been formed many vears before, 
 by two pious clergymen, and had been revived by the 
 Moravians, and in vi'^iting and preaching to the prisoners 
 at Xcwgatc. John Wesley arrived in London from 
 Germany on Saturday night, and on Sunday morning fell 
 into line with his brothei-. On the Sunda}' he }>reached 
 three times, and afterwards expounded to a large com- 
 pany , during the week he was in labors almndant, 
 f'xpounding nearly every day in the Societies. The laboi-s 
 of that week were not mere titful efVoi-fs. They were to 
 
OJliaiN AND rilAHACTER. 
 
 ■17) 
 
 rles 
 n\y. 
 
 one. 
 rtor 
 tini;- 
 
 MIX', 
 
 the 
 ners 
 Vom 
 ;lell 
 ehed 
 com- 
 laiit, 
 III tors 
 re to 
 
 Ite steadily equtiUed, inul often exceeded, tliroiiicli many 
 succeediiif^ years, and to be caiTied into that period of 
 advani'od life, when jnen of still vi^'orous minds have 
 usually to yield to the [)ressure of ])hysical inlirniiiies, 
 and put off the harness. On the Sabbaths We>ley 
 continued to ])reach in llu' cluirehes, till they were, in 
 sueee-sion, nearly all closed a<i;ainst him. From the city 
 ]>ul])its he turned to the Societies, the pi-isons, and the 
 country near London, where he rejoiced in successful 
 lalior. 
 
 In r)ecember 1738, AYIiittield returned from America. 
 The Wcsleys and he met in London. ' The meeting," says 
 •iohn Wesley, ' was a true Pentecost." Whitticld ari'ived 
 at an opportune moment ; he was about to lead tlio 
 brothel's into fresh ' irrei;ularities' in the face of threats 
 of e.xctiuiinunication au^ainst (.'harles by the Archbi>hop 
 of Canterbury. Shut out of the churches of London, and 
 also <if Bristol, where ])revious to his departure tor 
 America, he had been received with enthusiasm, and. fr<»ni 
 the pri-on of the latter city, by order of the Mayor, and 
 challenLced to preach amoncj the scarce civilized miners of 
 Kinf!:swood, he ]>reached to a number on Febi-uary 13, 
 1731). in the o])en air. The results which followed his 
 iiiinisiry at Kingswood remind us ol' ])assaii;es in the 
 Acts of the Apostles. lie sent i'ov Wesley, who hesi- 
 tati'(l til tollo\v him into tlie field, but only for a brief 
 space. Ecclesiastical cords grew weaker in the presence 
 of Wdi'k towards which the linger of God pointed. In 
 April. 1738, under strong sjtiritual influences, he had said 
 in his notes of a visit to one of the London societies: 
 •My heart was so full that 1 could not confine my>elf to 
 tln' forms of prayer which we were accustomed to use. 
 Neithci' do I pro))ose to be confined to them any more, 
 but to jiray inditlerently, with a form or without, as 1 
 
 iiJ 
 
26 
 
 J n STORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 mriy find suitable to particular oc'casions.' On the 2ri<l 
 of April, 1739, in the absence of Whittield, who had irone 
 to H(niiid the trumpet clsewlierc, Wesley deliberately 
 committed himself to a course, whence retreat was 
 scarcely possible. ' At four in the afternoon,' he writes, 
 in words which indicate a previous struggle, ' I sulmiit- 
 tcd to be more vile, and proclaimed in the highways the 
 glad tidings of salvation, speaking from a little eminence 
 in a ground adjoining the city, to about three thousand 
 people.' The mighty moral change which was soon wit- 
 nessed in the neighborhood, convinced the evangelists 
 that no step backward must be taken. AVesley's talent 
 for organization was soon called into activity. Kach 
 step rendered another necessary. Shut out from the 
 churches, an asylum for the new congregation was re- 
 quired, and on Saturday, May 12, 1*739, tlie first stone of 
 the first Methodist church, was laid at Bristol, with the 
 voice of praise and thanksgiving. 
 
 Hitherto, Wesley had been in full accord with tlie 
 Moravians in London. He liad purchased the ' Foundry' 
 for purposes of worship, and had formed thore what m.'ty 
 be regai'ded as his first society. Respecting this M)eiety 
 he writes : ' In the latter part of the 3'ear 1739, eight or 
 ten persons came to me in London, and desii'cd that I 
 would spend some time with tL3m in prayer, and advise 
 them hoAV to flee from the wrath to come ; this was the 
 rise of the United Society. Twelve came tlie first night, 
 forty the next, and soon after a hundred.' Nothiug how- 
 ever had occurred to disturb the fraternal relations Ite- 
 tween the Moravians and himself This harmony was 
 not long to continue. Several persons arrive<l from 
 abroad, who taught in the societies doctrines which soon 
 caused serious strife. Faith, these teachers taught, ren- 
 dered the duties of the moral, as well as those of the 
 
 % 
 
 a. 
 
ORIGIN AND CIIARArTER. 
 
 27 
 
 I he 
 
 Jewish luw, iiniieecssaiy, and oven released the Christian 
 from the oblii^-ation.s of prayer and tlie readini; of the 
 Seriptures. AVesley, tlien at ]^)ristol, was sent for. lie 
 hurried to London, and for some timescjUi^ht to I'econeile 
 those who were ' biting and (hjvoiirinij one anothei',' hut 
 finding the breach ii'rcj)arable. he ))ubli(ly withdi'ew from 
 them. A immber followed the Wesleys to tlu' Foundry, 
 tlie services at which were hencifbrth to be whr)lly inde- 
 pendent of tliose held by the Moravians. This sej)ara- 
 tion of incipient Mctliodism from Moravian ism, which 
 cost Wesley u .severe struggle, took place duiing th(^ 
 summei" of 1740. 
 
 Anothei" event soon after recalled Wesley fn^m Bristol 
 to London. To render himself and his brother more free 
 to extend their labors into new iields. John Ceniiirk had 
 been jihiced in charge of the society in Bristol, and Thomas 
 Maxtield over that in London. These laymen were 
 expected to maintain order in the societies, and to exhort, 
 but were not expected to preach. Pressed by the sjij ritual 
 need of the people, and im])elled by a zeal which he 
 believed to be ins2)ired, Maxtield went into the desk a1 
 the Foundry, and preached with great success.. Wesley, 
 informed of the fiict, hastened to London to put a jiadlock 
 on Maxtield's lips. Ilis judicious mother, now on the 
 verge of the grave, gave him wise counsel. ' Take care," 
 she said, ' what you do respecting that young man ; he is 
 as surely called to preach as you are." She also advised 
 him to hear Maxtield, and to examine the re><ults of his 
 ju-eaching. Wesley heard him and could only say ' It is 
 the Lord.' The lesson was timely. Other fields were 
 white unto the harvest, and the reapers were lew. A 
 very snuill number of the ministers of the Kstablished 
 Church had shown themselves to be in sympathy with 
 the new movement, and these lu.d abundance of work to 
 
28 
 
 n/STOMY or METJIODISM. 
 
 il<) in ilicif own [):irishcs. Mnxticld Avtis soon tblioweil Ity 
 Tlionias Iiiehiirds, and the heroic John XeUon. and a 
 oon-ianlly iiicreasinii" hand ol" hiv i)reachers. Man\' of 
 llio^o Avc'i'c iioblo men, avIio shared with lheWesley> their 
 ditliculties and(huigors, and ])reac'lied thatCro.-pel through 
 whieli they tliemselvos had ohtained peace, intlie j>re>ence 
 <)fnioli> whose most violent excesses ^vel■e ai times 
 i'ewar(h'd l»y the bhmd smile, or the favourahle comment 
 of 1h(> xjuire and the clergyman of tlie j)ari>h ; through 
 j)rison Itar^i. and even in the face of death itself. Upon 
 some of them, "Wesley, rightly judging himself to he a 
 true Scri]>tui'al Inshop, conferred ordination in later 
 years; and to u body of one hundred, selected, with a 
 few exceptions, from their lumber, he, as the time to die 
 drew near, transferred, l)y legal pi'ocess, tlie res])onsi- 
 bilities which ho had borne during his lifetime. 
 
 Tlie ])resence of these lay helpers left AVeslev at 
 libei'ty to act in accordance with his oft-(|Uoted motto. 
 'The world is my pai'ish.' lie soon enlarged his sphere 
 of lalioi-. For many years, 'a man of one book." he 
 travelled through the kingdom, proclaiming to all. even 
 the worst, the possibility of a ' present salvation, wrought 
 in the soul by the power of God. and witnessed to the 
 soul by the direct testimony of the IL_)ly (rhost ; a salva- 
 tion from a yawning hell into Avhicli tlie sinner's next 
 ste|) might plunge hiin. into a heaven of love and holi- 
 ness, the free gift of God to all wlio believe in Jesus, and 
 whoco^vi' ;o in possession of laith which worketh by 
 love,' 
 
 TJi ; .;::* 'lent doctrines of ^[etliodism demand more 
 than an incidental I'eference. They were not new to the 
 world. ' The theological distinction of Metliodism,' it has 
 been ol)servcd, ' lay not in novel tenets, but in the 
 (dearness and power with which it illustrated and ajiplied 
 
o ma IX A XI) ( 'iiA RACTj:n. 
 
 29 
 
 the established doctrines of the Ell_o•li^h iJrJ'oniKiiiMii . 
 and in humiony witfi its own charactcristie dcsi-n. it 
 nearly contined its icacliinirs to such of these do'-i i-iiics 
 as relate to personal or sj)iritii;il relin-ion ; reiicniance. 
 taitli. Jiistitieation, rei^aMieratioji, sanetitieation. and tlu- 
 witness of the Spirit.' The • polemleal themes whieii 
 had disturbed the harmony, and wasted the ••neruv 
 of Christendom, were ])laee(l in sidiordi nation," ' 
 
 Whqn Wesley went forth, the doetrineol' • .hislitiration 
 by faith," by wjueh, aceordinn- to Luther, theChnrcli oi 
 Christ must stand or fall, was found in the article- of the 
 Rstablished Church, l)ut was not i)reache(l from her 
 pulpits. Tenor tifteen years hit er, Judge Hlaekstone de- 
 elai-es, after liavinir followed the most celebrated preachers 
 of the Establishment in London. ' that he had not heard 
 a sermon in which there was any more Christianit\- than 
 in a discourse of Cicero, and that it woukl ha^■e l-een 
 hard to tell whether the orator were a Mahometan or jt 
 Christian.' '' It may with safety be said that no such 
 ambiguity marked the preaching of the early Methodist 
 evangelists. Taught in the school of cx])erience. iheir 
 staple theme was ' repentance toward God, and faith in 
 our Lord Jesus Christ.' They proclaimed tlie kingdom 
 of heaven at hand ; set forth the exceeding sinfulness of 
 ^'m ; urged men everywhere to repent ; taught the 
 utter inability of men to save themselves by the deeds ol 
 the law ; and pointed them to the death of Jesus Christ, 
 the Son of Cod, as an atonement or redem]jtion-|)rice 
 which Cod as a Judge and a Father acce])ts in behalf of 
 the sinner, who turning from sin to God, by faith ai)pro- 
 priates the merits of that atonement to himself and 
 pleads it as the sole ground of foigiveness. They were 
 
 ■' Stevens' ' History of Motliodisiu,' vol. 2 : p. 408. 
 
 • ' Jolin Wesley and Methodisiu,' by M. Chas. DoRemusat. 
 
30 
 
 insrORY OF METirOBISJL 
 
 careful to point out the diflei'enL'C between an 'liistorical' 
 Cailli and the faith wliieli hrini^s salvation. The former 
 they set forth as possessed, in common with men, hy 
 devils who believe and tremble; the latter they defined 
 to be a ' Divine evidence and conviction, not only that 
 'God was inC/hrist, reconciling; the world unto Himself;' 
 but also that Christ loved me, and gave Jlimself for me.' " 
 This faith they represented to be the gift of God, ' to all 
 who see, and feel, and own their wants, and their utter 
 inability to remove them.' W'ith justification, they con- 
 nected regeneration as an accompaniment. The former 
 they looked upon as a relative change, wrought for us, 
 rather than in us, by which our relation to the Divine law 
 is changed, and we, once guilty, are recognised as just. 
 The latter they regarded as a j^ersonal change wrought 
 by the Holy Spirit in the believing soul, by which it 
 passes from the ' death of sin' into the ' life of I'ighteous- 
 ness,' and assured of acceptance, enters into communion 
 with God. 
 
 The doctrine of Sanctitlcation, as a farther result of 
 faith, was also earnestl}' enforced. The term 'Chi-istian 
 Perfection,' adopted by Wesley, though sci'i])tural, and 
 possessing, as viewed from a certain standpoint, a pecu- 
 liar propriety, has been the cause of much misapprehen- 
 sion and useless debate. U])on the supposition that 
 he taught absolute perfection, he and his followers have 
 been frequently attacked with no small degree of bittor- 
 ncss. ' Mr. Wesley,' said a previously prejudice^l prelate 
 of the English Church, to whom Wesley had been 
 explaining his views, 'if this is what you mean by 
 perfection, who can be against it?' Many who have 
 wasted hours in useless attack, would, had they sought 
 an explanation, have said the same. ' Perfect Christians 
 Hrc not,' says Wesley, ' free from ignorance, no, nor 
 
 1 
 
OJilGIJV AND CHARACTKR. 
 
 31 
 
 (V(nii mist-ike. We tiro no nioro to exj)i'ct any man to 
 be intiilli ,le than to be omniscient. From indrmities 
 none arc perfectly freed till their spii-its return to God; 
 neitlier can we ex],eei tliom to be wholly freed from 
 temptation; for 'the servant is not above his Master.' 
 Man, in his present state, can no more attain Adamic, 
 than ann-eli(; perfection. The perfection ol' which man' 
 is capable, while lie <lwells in a corrui)tible body, is the 
 complyin«r with the kind command, 'My son ^-ive me 
 Ihino heart.' It is the lovin«< the Lord his (Jod, with all 
 his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his mind.' 
 TUv attainment of that experience in which ' peifect 
 i<)V("' casts out fear, and makes u regard lor the will of 
 God the sole rule of inward thought, ami outwaj-d action, 
 Wesley believed to be the i)rivilege of all believers! 
 While ho looked upon it us ' instantaneous,' ho also 
 believed in the constant growth in grace of the believer, 
 since the enlarged and purified heart must ever stretch 
 forward toward all ' the fullness of God.' 'There is 
 no perfection of degrees,' he wrote, ' none which does 
 not admit of continuid incnnise.' This doctrine was one 
 of the most prominent in the preaching of early^letho- 
 dism ; and by the faithful or unfaithful announcement 
 of it, by his itinerants, Wesley professed to account very 
 frequently for the growth or decline of his societies. 
 
 The doctrine of the Witness of the Spirit to the Divine 
 'ance of the 
 
 3ptt 
 
 lieving soul, had been 
 
 ear 
 
 n 
 
 apprehended by Wesley, as a scriptural theory. Wh. 
 reading Bishop Taylor's ' Holy Living,' at Oxford, th. 
 devout student dared to difibr from the author he so much 
 admired. Even then he wrote, prompted to do so by the 
 Bishop's denial that a Christian could know his acceptance 
 with God ; ' If wo dwell in Christ, and Christ in us, which 
 He will not do unless wc are regenerate, certainly we 
 
 n 
 
32 
 
 JlfSTOIlY or Jf/'m/ODlSM 
 
 must, 1)0 sc'iisihic of it/ Yet, when ii sliort time al'tci-. 
 the brotliers Jolm and Clmrles stood jit llic }»edside ol' 
 tlieir <lvinic tatiuT at Kpworlli. and heard tlie aijed ^ainl 
 say, ere lie passed away in siuv and eertain hop". • The 
 inward witness, son, the inwai-d witness; this is tlie 
 proof, the stron^-cst ])roof of Chi'istianity,' they only 
 partially undei-stood his meanini;. A few yeai-^ latei-, 
 wlien tlio sons were al)le to I'ojoiee in the ])ei's<>(i;d j)i»'- 
 sesion of tlu' inward witness, thev I'oealled. with inidli- 
 L^ent thanksi^ivini;. tlie utteranees of a father passed 
 into the skies. AVesley's detinition of this doctrine is 
 clear and coneise. ' By the witness of the Spii-it. I mean 
 an inwai'd impression on the soul, whereby the Spirit of 
 God imme<li:itely and direetly witnesses to niy spii'jt 
 that I am n ehild of (lod ; that Jesus Christ hath loved 
 me and givi'n Jlimself for me; that all my sins ai'e 
 blotted out, and that I, even 1, am i-cconeiled to (!od.' 
 Respecting the mode of conviction, he says. 'Let it be 
 obsei'ved, I do not mean hereliy that the Spirit of (Jod 
 testities this by any outward voice; no, nor always by 
 an inward voice, although lie may do this sometimes. 
 Neither do I suppose that He always a]>plies to the heart, 
 though He often may, one oi- more texts of Scripture. 
 But He so works upon the soul, by His immediate influ- 
 ence, and by a strong, but inex])licable operation, tliat 
 the stormy wind and troubled waves subside, and there 
 is a sweet calm ; the heart resting as in the arms (»t 
 Jesus, and the sinner being clearly satisfied that all his 
 inifjuities are forgiven, and his sins covered." This as- 
 surance was carefully limited to u jiresent salvation, and 
 the certainty of its loss by the commission of any wilful 
 sin, or the omission of any known duty, clearly stated. 
 In one respect Wesley's view of this doctrine diti'ei'cd 
 from that of some who preceded him. They looked upon 
 
OIlTfilX AXI) CUARArTKR. 
 
 :{:5 
 
 IS 
 
 lliL' a^Miraiice of forgivoiic-^s as the ))i'ivilei:;tM)f a favored 
 few; he believed it to ]»e the jii'ivih'i^e of every Itelievei'. 
 This tost of a truly spii-itual eharaeter, every Mellioilist 
 was earnestly enjoined to ]»osses8. 
 
 Before Wesley's de])artiire for America, his Arniinian 
 proelivitics luid beeome quite decided, ' I am not satistied,' 
 he wrote, 'what evidence there can he of our final 
 ])crsevcrance, till we have tinisiied our coui'sc.' AVith 
 the same pen, he summed up the ariiument ai;'ainst 
 •predestination,' in woi'ds which need no inter])retation : 
 ■ That (rod should l)e the authoi- of sin and injustice, which 
 niu-t. I think, he the coiise((uence of maintainini;," this 
 o))inion, is a contradiction to the clearest iilcas we haw 
 of the Divine nature and perfections.' llismotlier, while 
 prudently advisini^ al)stinence from thc>e studies, as 
 tendinf; rathei' to confound, than inform the understand- 
 ini;". contirmed liim in his views, and ex])rcssed her dee}» 
 dislike of the Culvinistie theology. After his return 
 to I"]nii;land, when the liglit of the Spirit shone more 
 liriu'htly into liis lieart, lie saw no reason to chanirc ins 
 (>j)inions on these points. On tlie contraiy, he undertook 
 when ])ublicly attacked for liis Arminianism by Jolin 
 Cennick, in 1740, to defend these opinions by tongue and 
 j)en; and then jniblished his celebrated sermon on 'Free 
 Grace.' AVitli wluit tenacity" he adhered to Arminianism 
 to the close of his life, is well known to those who liave 
 read the works of Fletcher, the Vicar of .Madely, to whose 
 i-are controversial skill and able pen, he, some j^ears later, 
 committed the defence of his views, as well as to the read- 
 ers of the volumes of the Arminian Magazine, published 
 during his own lifetime. Yet, tenacious as "VYeslej^ was 
 of his own opinions, he did not make the posHession of 
 views similar to his own, a condition of membership in 
 liis societies. The simple test for all who sought admis- 
 

 n [STORY 0/' METHODISM. 
 
 sioii t'» llu'sc, AVJis 'nsincci'o <k'sii*(» to flee i'i'(jiii (Ik- 
 Wi'Jilli lo coiru', uikI to 1(1! savcil iVom tlioii" sins.' 
 
 All iinportanl occlcsiasticul t'eatiirc in Mctlio(li>iii, lias 
 beon its liotliM" or_i^uiii/:itioii ot'tlu^ lay cleiiu^iil, juid its 
 utili/atioii ol" sj)ii'itiial f'orcos. It has been said lliat the 
 lieloi'tiuition loll tlie Church a uToat way below ilie ))osi- 
 tion in which Paul had left it ; that though it oljtainod lib- 
 erty for tlieininistry, it left the laymen in bondage, 'JUit,' 
 I'cmurks an olo([iient prcaehei", ' when MetluTdism arose, 
 the Pauline churehes were rcjirodueed in liistory. Hvery 
 man's mouth was opened; the membershi]) found their 
 voiee; and praise, and ]»rayer, and exhortation, sounde(l 
 onee more in the assembly of tlio saints. If a man could 
 pniy, or exhort, ho was allowed to do it. It Ibund a |)hico 
 for every man, and a man foi* every plaee. The Paulino 
 liberty was ])ruetieed, and the Ph(ehes and the Doreases 
 were permitted to have an ee(de>iastieal existence, and 
 mention ? It re-affirmed the right of Avoman to a j-eligious 
 character, and to all those exercises of mind and soul 
 which made such u character possible. It gave her full 
 permission to ser"^ o her Master as He by nature and grace 
 had (pialiHed her.' "^ The restoration to tlic laity of the 
 freedom so long Avithheld, and the recognition of i lie Im- 
 portance of the position they occujiy in the great rphere 
 of Christian work, has alreadv received the sa;ic'ion of 
 even the more conservative branches of the Clnnxdi. No 
 mode of sanction is more satisfactory than that of 
 imitation. 
 
 With what Huccess AYcsley and his co-laborers were 
 rewarded, the world needs not to be informed to-day. 
 The civil power aiforded them little aid ; on the contrarj', 
 
 the magistrates not unfrequently left them and their 
 followers to the 
 
 Rev. W. H. 
 
 tender m( 
 Murray 
 
 Tcies of the brutal mob, led on 
 
 \h 
 
Dkia IN A XI) CIIA n ACT Kit. 
 
 35 
 
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 vcvy 
 
 
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 s wore 
 
 
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 ulvary; 
 
 1 
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 d their 
 
 , led on 
 
 1 
 
 Ut lirne^. \>y tlie clci/^fyniaii dI' llic pafisli. ^riicii" disciples 
 lia\'(' iu'Vi'i' wioNU'il llie sword of'jicrM'ciilioii : (tCtlic many 
 1 li<tii'-aii(|s wlio liavt' lived and died iiillie ;diii)»le taitli 
 'iliev iireaclied, iiol one lias yielded to any stei'iier 
 iiilliience llian the power of l>i\-iii(' love. a\o soe'nl iii- 
 Ihieiiee lent its atti'aclioii : no hope ol"AvorIdly advanta,Lfe 
 acted as a deeoy. No lie;iiity ofeereinonial, iiorsplendoui* 
 ofserviees atti'aeted men to the hiimi»h' sanetiiaries. or 
 oiit-door icatheriuics of the eai-ly .Methodists. Ihit sueli 
 M'as th(']KAverAv]iieli a('eom|)aine(l the sijn])le declaration 
 of the fact that Christ ' hv the <n'ace of (iod tasted dcatli 
 foi- every man/ that AVesJey, as lie lay upon his deat]id)ed 
 in ITiH, could have looke(i, as from a mount of vision, 
 upon more than one hundi'e(l and twenty thousand souls, 
 ,ij;atliere<l from the world into his sfx'ieties in Britain, 
 America, and the West Indies; and upon more tlian half 
 a million wlio each Sal)h{it]i listened to tlie Gosjiel as 
 declared l»v those whom he had sent foi-th into the 
 
 ministi'v. 
 
 How many, saved throuirh the instr 
 
 u men- 
 
 tality of fiimself and his fellow lahoi'ei's, had preceded him 
 'within the veil.' cannot be known on earth. 
 
 Wt' have not spoken of the indirect influence of 
 ^lethodism. as seen in the increased s])ii'ituality of the 
 National and Non-conformist ('hurches in Kn^'land, in the 
 succeodiui;- ijjencration ; in the mai'ked results, which to- 
 <lav are followinii' the enfranchisement of the hiity from, 
 the lonii; bonda^'e of silence; or in the im])ulse ^iven to 
 the sjtirit of praise by the hymns of Charles AVesley, 
 some of which, no longer peculiar to ]\Iethodist churches, 
 are sung wherever Christ is worshijtped. It is not our 
 jiurpose to speak of these. Wesley's latest bioLcra])her, 
 in reference to the direct results of his woi-k, as 
 seen from the standpoint of the present day, remarks; 
 ' Here we have an immensely ramified Church oi'gani- 
 
'M 
 
 irrSTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 zation, cvcM-ywlKM-i' ]»ivacljjjjj' lihe -ainc iiKMiiciilons 
 (locli'inos, uiid aiiiiiiii; at lHj-e -anie i;-i'cal pui'poso. 
 A (lay novoi" passes witljout a imraml'KM- of its converts 
 U'iiii;' adiuilied into lie-tiverj : and vvilhoiU iiiaiiy a 
 pool- \vay\\'ard waiidei-er beJiii^^ B.'!ri<>n^[it l>y il into tlie 
 i'old ol'CMii'ist on eai'tli. Tljoiii^umicU of its templt.'s ai'e 
 daily ()[)en, and pi-ayei- ly its rSuniinrbt-"^- in "I'c ([iiai'tiM" 
 of the ii'lohe, o/ in unotlier. ]> Miade coritiniiallv. It lias 
 l)cl(ed the entire phniet \\'\\h h- myriad ai;"ents.' " Its 
 doetriiial siaii(hirds liave I'evin tlnmslatvd into all the 
 lani;Mia<j;es of Imii'ojk', and ar<- BiaKitliar to worshijipers of 
 Braniah, and Hudha. Jt is <>.itairBiiairt'tl rliat not less than 
 twelve jnillions are tanu'ljl. tC^Krln u>Tk. the lessons (»!' 
 (Jospel truth as interjireted I'V ntwi-'e standards. 
 
 This a'l'aiid ei'(']e<ia^tH-ai!l •^v-'teni is AVesley's 
 monument. lie eonseerateil uni-s- c^oniliineil ])owers of 
 intellect and heart to the i^r^-ait prarpose of leadini;' men 
 to (Mirist. Jlis noMe s]>i]'it kimew mo selti>hness; he _ii;ave 
 away amounts derived from iJm- ?a!e of his pnhlieations 
 whieh would luive enahleiJ Ijam tto Uve like an I'jiii,'lish 
 nohleman. His !j;enius for iX'-iTc-imment was such, that he 
 has heen called the tirst amftin)^ theoloi^ical statt'smen. 
 3lacaulay says tliat in this re-^jicirt he was not inferior to 
 Richelieu, This capacity to ijCive'rTi. he used, with vast 
 expenditure of time and lalxmr. In the origan izat ion into 
 societies of those convcj'ts iariii.<>»ini God jrave him, and in 
 ]ilans for the preservation <.>f itBiese societies after liis 
 departure. These ecclesiasik-aiS arranu'ements were not 
 always pleasing; to some vvdj" L-jnB taken an active part in 
 the movement of which helLa4 i'f.iTxme the acknowled^'cd 
 leader. They not unfreqtieutlly 8)'iron<;-ht him into contlict 
 with the more riti^id chui-chnian^tiiLp of his hrother Charles, 
 who on several occasions utlierxii vii^oroiis protests. In 
 
 ^ Tycrman'a ' Life of Wesky/ Va. 1, p. 12. 
 
OR Id [X A M) CI/ A HACTFJL 
 
 'ii 
 
 a^'ility till' oi'i^'aiii/.ulioii Wesley ^vas lar sii])ei'ior to 
 WlarrieM. The latter, who. in coii>e(|ii(,;iice o| his 
 «Bc-<;kii;i'eeiiicnt with Wi'slcy upon Calviiiistie lhe()ries. had 
 naio'Vfl ill a distiiicl line IVoni 1 he time ol' his i-etui'n (Voni 
 Aniei'ica in 1711. eonlesseil near the close of his eai'eer. 
 Ithiat n'real luinihers ofthose eonvei'te(l under his ministi-y 
 iiiati been x'aitei'ed. and that those who I'eniained wei-e 
 liH>pj;ria hiir hv "a rope ofsand,' ' J^'riund \Vesk'\'," he said, 
 -f'Eiid hcttei-.' 
 
 Mt'thodisin lo-day holds an honorahle ])osilion as a 
 IbiraiiKdi ofihe ('Jiiireh ol'Christ. Ilei- status as a ("hureh. 
 But>).vre\ er. dej)iMids not upon the (liet uni of John Wesley, or 
 «)if any otlier man. hut iijion the will ot'(Jod. ' This is the 
 L;>irtl"s doinu"; it is imirvellous in our eyes.' Wesley was 
 B.HiBt the instrument. Leil on ytep ly ste|) iiy providence. 
 Biie- prepart'd the way. To t'ne iinal result of the ureal 
 mniovement at the lie.id of which the ]\I aster placed him, 
 niii#}- 'Vehement [U'ejudiees' of Ids education, of which he 
 liimself s[»eaks, were oj)]>osed. AVhen his a(ta(dimenl to 
 aSiie fhurch in which he had heen trained, and which, it 
 D-*- evident, he ri'u'arded in no small dei^'ree as a ])(ditical 
 imt^titntion. came in coidlict with no cleai'ly delined duty. 
 EBiier*t' • vehement jtrejiulices' found utierancc. His remai'lc:- 
 •.nil sac h occasions liave heen fi'e',(Ue!itiy quoted au'ainsJ 
 BuiL-f own followers, hy men wlio 'vould liave sliown him 
 IfltlttEe -ymputhy in his evani;'cdical e'Vorts. The hest I'eply 
 tosEch oppv)nents. is the (piotation of tliose stronu" utter- 
 auni<'T!>.-i in the contrary dii'cction. whi(di were jtronipted hy 
 <c-i<>Fivicrion ; witli tl^'^ relation of tliose facts wliicdi pi'ove 
 ttlnait • whe'iever .tiiy usai^e oi' customaiy ria;ht. or 
 ntw law. of the Churi'h of I'jiii'land seemed to come 
 SBDto conflict with what he reuai'ded as tlie sj(r".rl 
 of t'vanu'elical liaitli and life, he was ju'cparel to 
 naaike an entire and unhesitating sacrifice of 
 
38 
 
 HISTORY OF 21ETIiODlSM. 
 
 it.' ^ The j)i-iiiei})lc wliicli governed lii.s Jietiotis, wus 
 clearly stated by him in a letter to his brother, in 17-S(i ; 
 • Church or no Church, we must attend to the work of 
 
 saving 
 
 soub 
 
 That there was a certain dein-ee of 
 
 inconsistency between some of Wesley's words and his 
 acts, cannot be denied. But a similar inconsistency has 
 been frequently seen in the case of men of strong pur|)ose, 
 who, like Wesle}', have been ham])ei'eil throughout life 
 by the almost ineradicable influence of an early training, 
 from some of the teachings of which, through the convic- 
 tions of later years, they luivc been forced to dcj)art. 
 Wesley has been a])tly compared to a boatman, who 
 keeps his face towards the shore ho is leaving, while 
 with each stroke of the oar he increases the distance 
 between the point of departure and himself. ' Looking 
 at the whole evidence,' writes l)r. Iligg, ' it appears to bo 
 undeniable, that so far as respects the separate develop- 
 niont of Methodism, AVeslcy not only pointed, but paved 
 the way to all that lias since been done ; a.nd \\v.\'\ the 
 utmost divergence of Methodism from the Chui-cli of 
 England at this day is but the prolongation of a line the 
 beginning of which was traced by Wesley's own hand. 
 It is idle to attempt to purge Wesley of the sin of schism, 
 in oi'fler to cast the guilt upon his ibllowers.' 
 
 There are men who, iii a sense not creditable to them- 
 selves, • laugh at imj)ossibilities.' To this class belong 
 those who so far fail to recognize accomplished I'acts, or 
 accept the permanence of irrevocable changes, as to sj)eak 
 of the poshibilily of the al)sor])tion of Melhodism into the 
 English Church, and into other branches of the E]>isco|)al 
 Church aitiliated to her. Such day-di'eams may ail'ord 
 innocent pleasure to those who cherish Iheni ; ihcy 
 can never be fulfilled. The adhei-ents of thcsi; 
 
 " Dr. Rigg, in ' Contemporary Keview,' 187G. 
 
ORIGIN AND CHARACTER. 
 
 39 
 
 rhiirclies arc already outiiunil)ercd l)y those of the 
 Kngiish Weslej-aii Methodist ('hiiirh, and the 
 family of Clmi-ches in ])()th lieinis])heres oi' whioli 
 slie is tiie honoi-ed pai'eiit, not to mention the seeedinii; 
 Methodist Churches in lii'itain and elsewhere. As well 
 might Ihese visionaries exjieet the ' fiuvial waters that 
 have descended the Gull' of Niagara, and }>assed av/ay to 
 the Athmtic ocean, to gatliei' themselves up and j-oll back 
 into Lake l']i-ie.' 
 
 A n;(>!'e important subject demands serious thought. 
 Mcthc l'>m was the outgro\vth of a revival of ' ])ure and 
 UJidcrilcd religion. Luther i-emarks that a revival seldom 
 lasts move than thii'ty }'ears. The gieat revival of the 
 18th ccntuiy, however, was growing in breadth and 
 (.lepth when Wesley died, more than fifty years after its 
 commencement. During that pericxl her itinerant 
 ministry was called mto the field; herdoctrinal standards 
 Avere drawn up; the foundations of her polity were laid 
 the style of her sanctuary services was fixed; and her 
 ' songs of the soul,' suggested by scenes and circumstances 
 ])eculiar to scasi.is of deep religious interest, were 
 written. It ''• evident, therefore, that an atmosphei'c (»f 
 reviviii is t]\c :attural element of Methodism. In 
 one of diy, < ;ld orthodoxy she must droop and 
 languish, llor ,:,'''vy vrill depart, when in the view of 
 her mir.i.dry and lier menibershij), her continuance as a 
 revivalist aji'eiu'y in the liands of the Head of the Church. 
 dull I cease to be her highest h()n(ji'. 
 
 The glory ha;^ not yet dej)arted. If her work is 
 prosecuted vith less fre(pient remai'k and less frequent 
 attack th;M< ,.i the past, it is not, there is good reason to 
 believe, be ■.: ; *. of retreat on the part of Methodi>ni, but 
 becau-;e of advance on the part of other branches of the 
 Church of Christ. The dying words of Wesley, 'The 
 
rv wTi 
 
 40 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 best of all is God is with iis,' boi'nc to almost every ])art 
 of the habitable earth on the seal of the Wcsloyan 
 Methodist Missionary Society, may still be quoted by 
 her sons with the utmost oontidence. ^o farther warrant 
 is needed for the belief that in triumphs won for Christ, 
 the history of Methodism shall again and ai^ain rei)eat 
 Itself. 
 
ClIAPTEE II. 
 
 METHODISM IX NEWFOUNDLAND FROM THE ARRIVAL 
 
 OF LAURENCE C0UG::LAN in 1705, TO IIIS 
 
 DEPARTURE IN 1773. 
 
 Colonization of Newfoundland. Laixrcnce Coughlan. Cause of 
 hi.s separation from Wesley. His departure for Newfoundland. 
 Moral and relit^ious state of tlie Colony at the time of his arrival. 
 His appointment as a ^lissionary. Revival at Harbor Grace 
 and Carl)onear. Pleasin<f results at Blackhead. Ailoption of 
 Methodist discipline by Cousiilan. Persecution. CoUL,dilan's 
 return to Euifland. His death. Methodism in Jersey the 
 indirect result of Cou^idan's labors in N«wfoundland. Conver- 
 sion of Pierre Le Sueur. Extension of Methodism from the 
 Norman Isles to France. 
 
 The proacli.iiig of tlio Gospel, in the simple and 
 earnest style of the ]\rethodist itinerants of Britain, 
 was introduced into tlie Colony of Xewfoundland 
 sevei'al years earlier than into the Lower Provinces. 
 In few places was the Gospel needed more than in 
 that oldest transatlantic possession of Britain. Its 
 early history' is without a ])arallel ; and the manner 
 of its settlement was calculated to rej)ress the 
 growth of all moral and religious influences. The 
 very wealth of the seas which washed the shores ol' the 
 Island, ])roved its weakness. In a '('harter' issued liy 
 the English Clovernment in 1G74, it was ordercfl that no 
 inhabitant should be allowed to reside within six miles 
 of the coast from Capo Bace to Bonavista. An officer 
 w^as sent out with orders to remove all persons settled 
 upon the f()rbidden grounds, and to destroy their build- 
 ings. Partial obedience to these cruel orders produced 
 much misery. Two 3'ears latei- an order was obtained 
 by which farther interference with the inhabitants was 
 prevented ; but, at the same time, the owners of all veb- 
 
 n 
 
42 
 
 If [STORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 sols weiHi si I'iotly forbuldeii to t;ike out • einiii';-;ints, oi' 
 unv i)c!'soi^ lo settle in Xewfoundland.' For a loiiif time 
 the i-<laiii| (•()Milmie'.l to ije rei^aivlecl a> • a u;i'oaL i']iiu,-lish 
 sliij). in()Mr('(l near the banks chu'lni; the lisliin^- season 
 for the convenience of the l']ni;'lisli tisliermen.' At a later 
 date, when Kn_ii;laiid was encoiira^'ini:; the settlement of 
 colonies on tiie main land, t!ie traditionary idea res|)ect- 
 ing' Xewfoundland continued to have no little weight in 
 her CDiincils. In spite, however, of all the atteia])ts to 
 keep Newfoundland a ' Ro^'al wilderness," — at an early 
 day by le^-a! enactment, and at a liter day by tlie des- 
 truction of the property of the '[danters' by the -adven- 
 turers,' — the luimber of the settler- a-ou-^i the b.iys and 
 harboi-s oi'tlie island had continued to increase. Of a 
 lari^-e ])r()[)ortion of the inhabitants it may with truth be 
 said, tha; |)overty had led them there, and liad then kept 
 them therj. There was nothiiiij; in the government of 
 tlie island t > attract those men of moderate nu-ans and 
 inde})on(UMit minds, whose fellows iiad i.ad the founda- 
 tions ' ' ^he colonies on the continent. Men, ui' the class 
 who at the }>resent day are develoi)ing the re>ourees. and 
 establishing abroad the credit of Xewfoundland, would 
 have been unwilling to make permanent home.-- on her 
 shores during the last century. The safety of the settler 
 of th;it day lay in being 'little and imknown ;' to seek a 
 posit i')n above that of mediocrity exposed him to danger. 
 The addit'on lo these disadvantages, of I'requent alarms 
 and actual losses througli the persistent etf;;rts of the 
 French to obtain a colony uponwduch thex'had long kept 
 an envious eye, rendered the position of the settler in Xew 
 foundland an undesirable one. In the view ofiho.se who 
 mark (lie influence of the Gospel n])(m nations and com- 
 munities, a more serious drawback than those we liave 
 named will be seen in the absence of an earne<t, evan- 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 i>,vlieiil ministry. It was iiol to the udvuiitai^o itf the 
 Eni^'li.'^li inorchunts — who were ^-rowiiiiC wealthy lhi-oiii>-h 
 the loi! of the lishermen whose luits stood tie:ti- tlieir 
 lai'LCO est:il)lislitneiits, and who wore trans jiortini;- their 
 wealth to Britain as fast as it was aceumuhited — to ])ay 
 any attention to the intelleeliiul and s[>ii-itiial iiiteivsts 
 of tiie inereasini:; numbers, ibr whom, in a certain sense, 
 they were aeeountable. Had it not been for the pn-sence 
 of one or two missionaries, sent out, and in pai-t siij)|jort- 
 ed by the ■•■ Society for the Propaicatiou of the (Jos))c! in 
 Forein'n Parts,' the darkness in Xewfoundhind would 
 have been total. 
 
 Tlie honor of boini;- the tirst to call the special atten- 
 tion of the settlers scattered ahmiz; the ruu'i^ed coasl of 
 Newfoundland, to those truths which had been preached 
 with a})ostolic ener5i:y and success in Britain, belonii;s to 
 Laurence Cou,<i:hlan. The reply of Wesley to some friends 
 who found fault witli him for the time spent by him in 
 Ireland. Avas, 'Have patience with Ireland, and she will 
 repay you.' That the truth of this prediction lias been 
 fully veriiied, a g'hmce at tlie honored names which Ire- 
 land has n-iven to British ^lethodism and to many of her 
 Mission stations, will at once attest, Like Strawbrid^'e 
 tmd Kmburv, who had the honoi" of foundinti; Methodism 
 on the American continent, Counhlan was an Tj-ishnum, 
 one of the first i'ruits of Methodism in that count r)'. He 
 was received on trial as a Methodist preacher, by Wes- 
 ley, i/i 1755. At an early period of his ministry he 
 proved himself a successful workman. Wesley, whose 
 keen eye was not slow to mark the abilities of his itiner- 
 ants, rei'ers to him in his Journal for Decembei', 1758. 
 * I found the society at Colchester,' he wrote, ' had 
 decreased since Laurence Cou^-hlan went away ; and yet 
 they had full us good preachers. But that is not sutti- 
 
• * • » 
 
 u 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 cicMit ; by repeated expei'iments we leai'ii, tlial tliouii'li a 
 man preaeli like an ani;'el, lie Avill neither eolleet. nor 
 preserve a society wliieii is collected, without visitinii; 
 them from Jioiise to house.' C^)u_<;'hlan's name a]»])eai's 
 several times in the records of the itinerants of his day, 
 and ahvays with honorable mention. lie was one of a 
 numljer in London, who about n(>l-2, professed to re- 
 ceive the blessinn- of Christian perfection, but who. 
 unfortunately, imbibed some false notions I'espcctini;' it. 
 At a later ])eriod, when he discovered his erroi-, he 
 threw the blame u})on Wesley. "Wesley, in re])ly, stated 
 his teaching res])ectini;' the doctrine of 'Perfection," and 
 added, 'If you or Mr. Maxtield took it to be any tiling- 
 else, it Avas your own fault, not mine; and when you 
 waked out of that dream, you ought not to luive laid the 
 blame of it upon me.' AVhatever ditferenccs of oj)inion 
 may have been developed at a later date, it is, however, 
 cei'tain that in 1702, Wesley and his warm-hearted itin- 
 erant were one in spii'it and purpose. Letters wi-itteii 
 b}' him to Wesley during- that year ai'e indicative of 
 strong attachment to him, and of happiness and success 
 in the prosecution of his work. 'I iind Christ,' he wi'ote, 
 ' to be exceeding precious to my soul ; and it is my one 
 desire to do His will. My soul is as a watered garden ; 
 my life is hid with Christ in (lod. And I ])elieve that 
 when Christ who is my life shall appear, I shall appear 
 with Ilim in glory.' 
 
 Coughlan remained in connection with Wesley until 
 1705, when his name ceased to appear in the list of Con- 
 ference appointments. Wesley, though convinced by 
 the reading of Lord King's ' Ilistor}' of the Prim- 
 itive Church,' that he himself was a true scriptural 
 bishop, liesitated to make a practical assertion of 
 his belief, by the ordination of his preachers, until 
 
7.V NEWFOUXTfLAXD. 
 
 45 
 
 one 
 
 ell ; 
 Imt 
 )(.':u' 
 
 !>ii»)ue yciii-s latei". In IT*)."), Hi-asnms, a Mshoj) of the 
 (ri'cek Church, visited Fiii^-laiid. Wesley, leelini;- (leej)ly 
 the want of oivhiiiied liel])ers, and seeinu; little prospect 
 oj" ohtaiiiiiiij,' theni in eonseqiienee ofthe ()))p()siti()n of 
 the ltisho])s ofthe lOpiseopal (Jhiiirh ; and fully satisfied 
 with tlie ahuiKhmt testimonials of I'h-asnius. re([uested 
 him to oi'(hiin one of his [n-eaeliers, ' a man of eoiisider- 
 al>h> k'arnini;-, good abilities, and of deep piety, and who 
 fiT more than seventeen years had acted faithfully the 
 ]):irt of an itinerant preacher,' to assist liim in adminiv- 
 toring" the Sacraments to his societies, Erasmus com- 
 ])lie(h No sooner, however, was tlie fact made knowii to 
 the public, that one of the itinerants had been ordained, 
 tiian several othei-s applied for and received IVom the 
 go )d-tempcred bishop, the same episcopal favor. 
 Charles Wesley took 'huge otfence ;' and in consefpience 
 the ])artios ordained had either to refrain from the exer- 
 cise of their newlv-confericd ministeiial functions, or to 
 submit to removal fi-om the Connexion. Laurence 
 Coughlan, ordained by I'^rasmus in 17()4, was one oi 
 those who in consequence of tliis alternative withdrew 
 from the list of itinerants. It is satisfactory to know 
 that this step did not seriously interfei'O with the pre- 
 vious friendship between Wesley and Iiimself. We next 
 meet with Coughlan in Newfoundland, where he arrived 
 in lTt)5, one 3'ear previous to that in which h]nd)ury 
 commenced to preach in New York. l\y what human 
 agency his steps were directed toward that distant col- 
 ony, it is not easy, after the lapse of more than a hundred 
 years, to say. His movement westward was, it is prob- 
 able, Itut an earlier development of that missionary spir- 
 it, a natural result ofthe doctrines of ^[ethodism, which, 
 a few years later, led Boardman, Pilmoor, Asbury, and 
 Eankin across the wide Atlantic. 
 
 ' Tyerman'8 'Life and Times of Wcslcv.' Vol. 3, p. 25, 
 
46 
 
 IIISTOJiY or METIIODJ>iJ\L 
 
 i! 
 
 When (\)iii!;lihui landed on llie slioivs of (*(»nc'ej)lion 
 Bay. ill 17'!;"), ho found in the district surround inic tliat 
 Btiy j'.ioiK', a ]vij)uIatioii of more than live thousand iiei'-* 
 sons foi' whoso souls no tnan eai'e<l. ^Vwo K|)iseo])Ml min- 
 isters \vei'(^ the only ministers in the island. One of 
 these I'osided at St. .loliirs ; the oIIkm" luid fixed hislicad- 
 quarlers at Ti-iiuty Bay. Ahout four-fifths of t lie inliahi- 
 tants of (Conception l*)ay were Fini:!;lish, or (he children 
 of IOnn"lisli pai'onts, from the neiii;hhorhood of Poole and 
 other jiarts of Dorsetshire. They had come from a part 
 of M:i'.,dand where Metliodism had mado slow progress ; 
 and their views of relii^ion. it is proltable, liad not been 
 im])roved by removal to a ])art of Xowfoundland where 
 the services of the sanctuarv Were iiltoii-Gthcr unknown. 
 Couii'lilan tells us that no minister had been in that part 
 of the island previously to his ai-rival ; and that many 
 of the people declared that at first they went not to 
 hear him, but to see whether he looked ' like another 
 man.' Besides theinhal)itants of EngliHh descent were a 
 larire number of Irish Roman Catholics. If wc take our 
 impression of the moral state of the inhabitants from the 
 estimate given by one, M'ho, in the course of his labors in 
 Newfoundland at a later period, met with a few who had 
 listened to Coughlan, we must regard it as of a character 
 calculated to rouse the energies of any man believing in the 
 power of the Gospel to save. The Sabbath was unknown ; 
 there was no person to celebrate marriage, and marriage 
 was lightly regarded ; while oppression, violence, pro- 
 fanity and licentiousness were practiced without any 
 cheek. ' Imagine any sin you will,' said an old Metho- 
 dist to Ml*. Wilson one day. when speaking of the state 
 of the inhabitants of Conception Bay at the time of 
 Coughlan's arrival ; 'Imagine any sin you will, and you 
 cannot think of anything too bad.' ' As to the Gospel," 
 
IX KE W7V Uyn LA XD, 
 
 47 
 
 |any 
 tlio- 
 Uitc 
 
 of 
 
 VOll 
 
 remarks (Vnii^dilaii. Mliey luid not tlio least notion of it ; 
 (Irinkiii.'i:, (lanclii;^ aiul <ii;aniii^!,'. they were aec^uainted 
 witli : these they ^ve^c tau,<j;]!t l»y the luiroju'ans wlut 
 eainc- aiimiallv to tish.' 
 
 Coii^'hhin had hil)ore(l more ti'an a year anioni;- tlio 
 inliahiiaiils of .IIarl)oi' Ctfaei; Jind (.'arhoiiear with little 
 ajjparent sueeess, save lh:i( his ]tlaiii a.iid eartie^t preaeh- 
 inii;. :u\(l his evident inteie-t in llieir wehai-e. had won for 
 liini ihci:* ^enei'ul cste(Mn and eonlidenee, wheti ihty re- 
 solveil to send a I'cquest to the Society ioj- the J^j'o])ai;a- 
 tion of the C-iospol. askinjj; his apjiointniejit anioni;" tlieni 
 as a missiontny, in the service of that Socicly. They 
 were aided in theii* elforts Ity the solicitations of Wesley, 
 and tlu! (\>nntess of JIuniin«^ton. Xotiee of his a])|>oiut- 
 menl is found in the Report of the Society [)ublished in 
 llG'i. ' lJ])()n the petition of the inluddtants of Harbor 
 Grace and Carbonear/ it is stated, 'the Soeietv have this 
 3'ear ajjpointed anotlier missionary in tliese ])arts, tho 
 Ecv. Mr. Tiaurence Con^ddan, a i^entleman i-ecomniended 
 by the inhabitants, amonii; wliom lie IkkI I'esided some 
 time as their minister, and to whose siip])ort they pro- 
 mise to eonti'ibutc to tlie utmost of their abiiily.' Soon 
 afler reeeivinjii; notice of his appointment, ("oa^chlan sail- 
 ed for England to receive ordination from the Bisliop of 
 London, to whose care the interests of the K])iscopal 
 Clinrch in tlie Colonies were committed ; and at the 
 be.ii;innini!; of September. 1761, returned to ]S^ewfouml- 
 land.'- After a careful survey of his tleld of labor, he 
 infoimed the Committee of the Society, that in the dis- 
 triet of Conception Bay thei'c were at tlie time 403 fam- 
 ilies and o621 individuals. Of these 4494 were En<j^lish ; 
 the remainini;- 1127 were Irish. Amonrthcmhe a.t once 
 re-commenced his labors. In winter, in addition to the 
 
 - Wilson'8 'Newfoundland and its Missionaries,' p. 1138. 
 
48 
 
 frfSTORY OF ^^Er^OT)Is^^. 
 
 '»: 'i[ 
 
 I'ou'ula;' soi'vic'cs of llic S;i1tl):itli, lio wont from liouso to 
 hoiiso readiiiii; iiiid c'Xj)()iiii<liiio- (he Sc'rij)tiii'es four limes 
 ill each wook. Aware of* llie fact that the h^iii^Iisli 
 hui'i;iiai;'es|)eaks to the ' liead,' whik; the Irish speaks more 
 (lii'eetly to tlie 'heart' of his iin])ressiblo eoimtryineii, he 
 pi'eac'iied tothcniin tlieir own hm£;Mwii;'e, and was <dieered 
 hy the presence of many of tlieni, tliough Jioman Catlio- 
 lies, at the eliurch. 
 
 Faithful labor seemed for a h)nij; time to l)e in vain. 
 Xearly three years passed williout ' the least a])])earanee 
 (if any awakeninj;'.' The missionary's heart at last sank 
 within him. 'J was determined,' lie "svrites, 'that 1 
 would not stay in such a poor desolate land, and spend 
 my strength foi' nau,i;ht.' In accordanee with this deter- 
 mination, ho settled Ids affairs, preparatoiy todeparture. 
 The lEead of the Church had ordered it otherwise. His 
 servant had heen taught the lesson of human weakness ; 
 he was now to learn the lesson of Divine power. He 
 had sown in tears; he was now to reap in joy. Suddenly, 
 and without any apparent cause, the whole disti'ict of 
 Conception Bay became agitated by a ])owerful I'eligions 
 influence. ' The way,' saj's Cough Ian, •'■ 'in which this 
 worlv began was remarkable. For three years I labored 
 night and day from house to house; but I could not per- 
 ceive any appearance of conviction or conversion take 
 place throughout the ])arish. My poor heart often cried 
 out, ' the power will come at such a time, and under sucli 
 a sei'inon/ but tlie voice of God is not in our way, or time, 
 but when He will, and by whom, and in what manner 
 He pleases. At length God was i)leascd to bless my en- 
 deavors in a ver}' wonderful manner; for now many were 
 jiricked to the heart, and cried out, ' what must I tlo to 
 
 •' Coughlan's 'Account of the Work of God in Newfoundland,' 
 p. 71 ; and Report of S. P. G., 17G8, p. 43. 
 
IN NEWFOUKDLAND. 
 
 41* 
 
 y. 
 of 
 
 )US 
 
 lis 
 •ed 
 )or- 
 ake 
 
 '10(1 
 lU'll 
 
 mc, 
 nicv 
 cn- 
 K-orc 
 () to 
 
 be saved ?' Some prayed aloud in the congregation ; 
 others praised aloud, and declared what God had done 
 for their souls. Nor was this onl}' at their private 
 'rigs now and then, hut also in the great congrega- 
 iion. The word was now like tire, or like a hammer that 
 hrcaketh the rock in pieces. It was indeed quick and 
 powerful, sharper than a two edged sword. Under 
 almost every sermon and exhortation, some were cut to 
 the lieart, and others rejoiced in loud songs of praise.' 
 
 A new ditficulty now prosontod itself. Previously, 
 the isolated pastor had groaned over the absence of 
 results; he now grow anxious on account of the accom- 
 paniments of success. The outcries connected with the 
 services held in the church and in the private houses 
 pe ^exed him. ' I was at a stand,' he says, ' and did not 
 k what to do. That the mighty power of God came 
 down was very manifest, but my great fear was that the 
 devil would strive to mingle therewith some false tire, 
 and impose upon some, in order to bring an evil report 
 upon the good work.' The difficulty which presented 
 itself to Coughlan was not a novel one. Edwards in 
 America, and Wesley in England, as well as the Icadei-s in 
 other revivals, had, at the most successful period of 
 their ministry, to weigh carefully such questions as now 
 called for solution. They frequently embarrass successful 
 Christian workers at the present day. Coughlan's con- 
 duct was wise. ' With regard to crying out,' he statos, 
 ' I never encouraged it, nor dare I speak directly against 
 it.' Some years after, as he reviewed the work and his 
 perplexity respecting it, he wrote, ' In this God took 
 care of His own work, which was sweetly carried on every 
 week, God daily adding numbers to the Church, such 
 as should be eternally saved.' 
 Enthusiasm in evil receives from mankind less notice 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF METnOBTSM. 
 
 t: 
 
 than carnestncHs in efVtrtt to ijam eternal lilb. True de- 
 votion to our hii^ber iiiiiemef-L-i L^ an offence the world 
 flndH it hard to lorgive. Reports soon reached the other 
 settlemontH of the hay, awi some other districts of the 
 island, that madness iuaji'i seized the inhahitants of 
 Harbor Grace and Caj-hoiatair, The truth of the report 
 was assumed ; hut f)ut of sLe- evil God extracted i,'ood, 
 ' The rep(irt of tlie inadiji-^r/ CV)Uij;hlan says, ' brou/^^ht 
 many from various qu:i.'i-r-' to hear for themselves ; and 
 when they heard, many .f ttheni were like the ]3ereans ; 
 they searched the Scri]jiii:-«c>, and found what they heard 
 to be agreeable thei'elo. S'.-nae- came tifteen, some twenty 
 miles to hear the word. I Euuve known some come with 
 their babes in their arms* over mountains of snow, at the 
 hazard of their lives.' luTiiLitions to visit other j)arts of 
 the bay were received, ai>'i were accepted as freciuontly 
 as the weather would jKriTnaft ; and the work continued 
 to spread. Hours that h^ been wasted in Sabbath- 
 breaking, drinking, gaml jiii: and other prevalent vices, 
 were now spent in ]iraj--, prayer and the reading of 
 the Scriptures, Little ii^-v-iiiblies for worship were soon 
 formed in the more remoiir parts of the district, whence 
 attendance upon CougL'^as.'-? ministry could only be 
 occjusional ; and in a shon uime two additional churches 
 were erected. The triir '■ nt death of one of the con- 
 verts, and the sad dea'j;. ■ : u. scotler, soon after the 
 commencement of the reveal, made a deep impression 
 upon the settlers and tc'it^ieri to the confirmation of the 
 Gospel. 
 
 The simple earntistiie^* ni the people at Black Head 
 gave Cough 'an peculiar jwcarure. ' They proposed to 
 me,' ho writes, ' to yi^i^i oat a place where 1 would 
 choose to build a cburci,. which was agreotl upon. 
 Accordingly all hands w-cLii into the woods and cut down 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 51 
 
 de- 
 rld 
 her 
 the 
 of 
 port 
 oo<i. 
 
 IJjrht 
 
 and 
 
 unB ; 
 icai'd 
 •cnty 
 with 
 t the 
 ,rts of 
 lontly 
 Llnued 
 )bath- 
 viccB, 
 of 
 :; soon 
 hence 
 ly ho 
 irehee* 
 3 con- 
 r the 
 |ee>sion 
 )f th<> 
 
 llciul 
 
 wd to 
 Iwould 
 
 upon. 
 
 down 
 
 as much timber as they wanted, which they hauled out 
 upon what tlicy called slides. When thc}^ had the 
 timber upon the place, they sent for me, and I went, 
 thiiilving there was not one stick hewn. However they 
 had made great progress in the work. The said church 
 was made and covered in, in less than fourteen days, 
 it contained four hundred people. God raised up liere a 
 precious people. Some I doubt not are from this place 
 gone to glory ; and I trust there arc a few to this day 
 who continue steadfast, and will be my crown of rejoicing 
 at the great day.' As frequent attendance on his own part 
 at F^lack Head was not possible, Coughlan made arrange- 
 ments for the public reading of pra3'er8, and also of a 
 sermon, which he regularly supplied. When the wea- 
 ther permitted, they frequently attended the services at 
 Carbonear and Harbor Grace, travelling a distance of 
 eighteen miles by boat. Coughlan tells us that he had 
 often known them ' come over the mighty waters at the 
 hazard of their lives.' 
 
 The numerical results of the work, we glean from the 
 annual reports forwarded by the Missionary to the 
 Society under the direction of which he labored. Pre- 
 vious to the close of the year 17G8, he was able to report 
 the administration of the Lord's supper, once in each 
 month, to eighty constant communicants. At the end 
 of the following year the number of communicants had 
 increased to one hundred and sixty ; and a year later the 
 number had reached two hundred. 
 
 From a letter addressed to Wesley by Coughlan, 
 shortly before the departure of the latter from Xewfound- 
 lan<i, we learn in what way he cared for those who had 
 fceen awakened under his ministry. * 1 am and do confess 
 my-^elf,' he wrote, ' to bo a Methodist. The name I love, 
 akad hope I ever shall. Tho plan which you first taught 
 
I 
 
 52 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 \ 
 
 me, I have followed, both as to doctrine and discipline. 
 Our married men meet apart once a week ; and our mar- 
 ried women do the same. This has given great offence ; 
 so that repeated complaints have been made to the 
 Governor. But truth is mighty and will prevail. In the 
 winter I go from house to house, and expound some part 
 of (rod's word. This has also given great offence. But 
 God is above men, devils, and sin.' "* 
 
 Wesley had not been unmindful of his former fellow- 
 laborer. The tide had scarcely turned, to the joy of the 
 latter, when "Wesley sent him words of cheer. 'Dear 
 Laurence,' he wrote near the end of August, 1*768, ' By 
 a various train of providences you have been led to the 
 very place where God intended you should be. And you 
 have reason to praise Him that He has not suffered your 
 labour there to bo in vain. In a short time how little 
 will it signify whether we had lived in the Summer 
 Islands, or beneath 
 
 * The rage of Arctos and eternal frost.' 
 
 How soon will this dream of life be at an end ! And 
 when we are once landed in eternity, it will be all one, 
 whether we spent our time in a palace, or had not where 
 to lay our head.' ^ Wesley's expression of sympathy and 
 encouragement was timely. Incessant labor, and the 
 constant use of food to which he had not been accustomed, 
 had begun to impair Coughlan's health, and affect his 
 nervous system. Ilis ' apprehension of the sea,' when 
 travelling in ' the very small boats,' rendered his life 
 ' one continued martyrdom ;' and the poor accommodu- 
 tion permitted by the houses in which he was frequently 
 obliged to make his home, rendered absence from his 
 head-quarters dangerous to health. * In the morning,' 
 
 < * Arminian Magazine,' 1785, p. 491. 
 5 Wesley's ' Journal,' vol. 8, p. M4. 
 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 58 
 
 licquaiiitly writes respecting some ' prophet's chambers ' 
 he M'as wont to occupy, ' my bedside has had a beautiful 
 wliitc covering of snow, and my shoes have been so hard 
 frozen that I could not well put them on till brought to 
 the fire. But under all this,' he adds, * I was suj^ported 
 by seeing a glorious work going on.' 
 
 Trials of a different, and much more serious character, 
 soon made sympathy of jDcculiar value. Xowfoundland 
 would prove a solitary exception had the earlier efforts 
 of Methodism to bless her sons, by turning them away 
 from their iniquities, been put forth in the absence of 
 all opposition. The history of the island presents no such 
 exception. That ' the carnal mind is enmity against 
 God' is everywhere true. Coughlan soon learned, that 
 while the application of plain language to deeds of evil, 
 and reasoning on ' righteousness, temperance, and judg- 
 ment to come,' with the frequent statement of ' repent- 
 ance toward God, and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ,' as 
 the sole conditions on which pardon and eternal life can 
 bo obtained, were leading some to abandon sin and 
 enter upon a life of faith, they were awakening in others 
 a spirit of bitter opposition, not only against the truth 
 itself, but against him who preached it. Failing in their 
 efforts to hinder the work of God by the use of quiet 
 means, Coughlan's opponents resorted to open and 
 undisguised persecution, A merchant called upon him, 
 as a representative of the body of merchants, to inform 
 him that they regarded his way of preaching as ' mad- 
 ness,' and woukl, unless it were changed, withdraw their 
 sup])ort. Op the next Lord's day morning the missionary 
 read for his text, ' I am not mad.' It is scarce!}' jirob- 
 able that the Apostle himself would have preached a 
 more pointed sermon from his own suggestive words, if 
 we may judge from the outline the preacher has j)re 
 
,! V- 
 
 54 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 ticrvcd. '■ r rom these words/ ho tells uh, ' I first showed 
 wlio they were that might proj^erly he said to be mad, 
 namely, drunkards, swearers, etc. ; and in the next place 
 I showed that those who were turned from darkness unto 
 light, and who feared God and worked righteousness, 
 could not with any proi)ricty bo called mad.' From 
 this time a number of the leading men withheld their 
 subscriptions, and endeavored to stop the supplies from 
 other quarters, but the Master prompted the hearts of 
 the lowly to share their smaller store with His servant. 
 A petition containing slanderous statements, and signed 
 by ' twelve merchants and gentlemen, so-called,' was 
 then forwarded to the Governor, with a request that 
 Coughlan might bo either silenced or removed from the 
 island. Called before a ' court of judicature ' to answer 
 unexpected charges, his innocence was established, and 
 his ' enemies were found liars.' This attempt to destroy 
 his character was followed b}^ an attempt to destroy his 
 life by a dose to be passed to him by the doctor; but the 
 doctor fortunately discovered the plan, and desired 
 Coughlan to be upon his guard. 
 
 Ten years of itinerant life in England and Ireland, at 
 a time when Wesley and his helpers were everywhere 
 spoken against, had prepared Coughlan to boar up 
 against the persistent opposition of his enemies. Yet 
 the efforts of his opposers, though thoy failed to move 
 him from his steadfastness, acted, if wo may judge from 
 the returns forwarded to the Society, as a check to the 
 progress of the work. During the two. succeeding years 
 the number of communicants remained the same. In 
 1771 he visited nearly all the luirbors in the bay, and 
 reported the inhabitants as generally willing to receive 
 instruction. In November, 1772, ho wi'ote to Wesley, 
 ' Wo have the sacrament onco a month, and have about 
 
 k 
 
IN NEWFOUXDLAyD. 
 
 nn 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 ic 
 
 [s 
 
 t 
 
 two hundi'fid communicants. This is more tlian all tho 
 other missionaries in the land have ; nor do I know of any 
 who attend our sacrament who have not the fear of God ; 
 and some arc happy in his love. There are also some 
 whoso mouths God hath opened to give a word of 
 exhortation. I hope he will raise up more,' ^ ' Discip- 
 line,' he added, 'has heen under God, the preserving of 
 ray society. My preachinir in this land would do little 
 good were it not for our little meetini^s.' 
 
 At this time CouL;;hlan had begun to look homeward. In 
 a letter to Wesley, he I'craarks, ' I am now in the seventh 
 year of my servitude as a missionary, at the end ot 
 which I hope to return to England. Could 1 travel up 
 and down this land, so as to be useful any longer, I 
 would gladly stay; but as I cannot, except l^y watci* in 
 small boats, I am not able to stand it. The >S(jciety, T 
 make no doubts, have many complaints against me ; but 
 in this I shall commit all to God ; lor I am conscious to 
 myself that what I do is for the glory of God and the 
 good of souls.' 
 
 Coughlan left jSTewfoundland toward the close of the 
 year 1773. It is probable that his connection with the 
 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel at once ceased ; 
 his name is not found in the report for the following 
 year. Previously to his return he had written to 
 Wesley respecting his continuance in tho Episcopal 
 ministry. ' If I could get a place in the Church,' he 
 wrote, ' would you advise me to accept of it ? If 1 know 
 my own heart, I would be where I could be most useful . 
 To be shut up in a little parish church, and to conform 
 in every little thing for sixty or a hundred pounds a year, 
 I would not ; no, not oven for a thousand.' By whom 
 the lirst steps toward separation were taken is not known. 
 
 '"' * Arminian Magazine' 1785, p. 491. 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF JlETHOBISM. 
 
 The statement of the views expressed to Wesle}', would 
 make witlidrawul on the one part, or dismission on the 
 other, a matter of easy accomplishment. In the 3'ear 
 1770* he published his 'Brief account of the work of 
 God in Newfoundland,' from which we have made 
 frequent quotations. At the time of the publication of 
 this little work, dedicated to Lady Huntingdon, he 
 was minister of Cumberland Street Chapel, London. 
 Some time after, he applied to Wesley for a circuit, but 
 the Master bade him rest from his labors. While in 
 conversation with Wesley in his study, he was seized 
 with paralysis. For the little that we know of the 
 closinj^ hours of his life we are indebted to Wesley, who 
 stood near him shortly before his departure. . In Felu-u- 
 ary, 1785, Wesley wrote to John Stretton of Harbor 
 Grace, 'The last time I saw Mr. Coughlan he was ill in 
 body, but in a blessed state of mind. He was utterly 
 broken in pieces ; full of tears and contrition for his past 
 unfaithfulness. Not long after I went out of town God 
 removed him- to a better place.' ^ We have no reason to 
 infer from these words that Wesley's fi lend had, during 
 any period of his ministry, openly departed from his 
 God. 
 
 Nearly fifty years after Coughlan's return to England, 
 a Newfoundland missionary met with several persons 
 who had been converted under his ministry, and had 
 ' for more than half a century lived in the fav<n' of God, 
 and uniformly adorned their religious profession.' But 
 traces of the influence of Coughlan's labors in New- 
 i'oundland may be found beyond the limits of that colony. 
 If he knew before his departure, and he lived long eninigh 
 to know, how the truths preached by liimin Newfoundland 
 had been received as good seed into the hearts of stran- 
 gers, and had by them been borne to friends and neigh- 
 
M 
 
 i 
 
 IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 57 
 
 boi'H in tlioso beautiful dwcllingn in the sea, tho Norman 
 Islea, ho must have felt a deep BUtinfactiou. 
 
 A young man from Jersey, Pierre Le Sueur, having 
 become proprietor of an estate on the coast of Newfound- 
 land, had occasion to be frequently there. With several 
 others from tho same island, he heard tho Gospel from 
 the lips of Coughlan, and a zealous young man converted 
 under Coughlan's ministry. At the close of one of his 
 periodical visits he returned to Jersey, deeply impiessed 
 by tho truths to which he had listened. lie was married 
 soon after, to a young woman of amiable disposition and 
 good moral character, but by no means in sympathy with 
 his religious feelings. In tho presence of ridicule and 
 opposition at home, and with the fear that obedience to 
 the promptings of an awakened conscience would involve 
 the ruin of a promising business, he hesitated to yield to 
 tho convictions of duty. Tho Holy Spirit continued to 
 strive with him. At length, in the face of threatened ruin 
 he dared to be singular. At this critical period, John 
 Tantin, who had been converted in Newfoundland, re- 
 turned to his home in Jersey. Le Sueur sent for him, 
 and they read the Scriptures and prayed together. xVfter 
 nights spent in weeping, praying and the study of his 
 Bible, Lo Sueur one morning, while upon his knees, found 
 the long sought blessing. His wife soon began to 
 pray, and after intense mental sutlering, she too found 
 peace with God, while kneeling at her husband's side. 
 Through the simple relation of the experience of the 
 husband and wife, and their friend Tantin, twelve others, 
 in the course of a few weeks, were convinced of sin. Le 
 Sueur's fears respecting his business vere soon realized ; 
 to such an extent, indeed, that ho and his family wore 
 frequently delivered from want of bread only by tho 
 direct interposition of providence. Yet ho held on his 
 
 sw 
 
58 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 wav ; 
 
 and responding to invitations from othci* parts of 
 the islands, soon bo_L,'an to preach the power of Christ to 
 save. A captain reacliing Jersey on business encouraged 
 him ; a blind Calvinist pi-eachor went over and preached 
 for some time with success ; in 1783 a detachment of 
 troops, some of whom had received the Gospel through 
 the preaching of Captain Webb, arrived at the Island ; 
 and in answer to the request of the pious soldiers, and 
 of Le Sueur and his friends, conveyed to Wesley, Robert 
 Carr Brackenbury, Esq., a wealthy layman, acquainted 
 with the French language, who had begun to preach, 
 was at once despatched to Jersey. He reached the island 
 about the time of Coughlan's death, and formed the 
 converts into Methodist societies. ''' From Jersey, Metho- 
 dism reached the other islands. From the Norman Isles 
 to France was but a step ; and a few years later that step 
 was taken. Of the work (.lone by Methodism in France, 
 statistics convey but a partial idea. Many of the most 
 active ministers, and multitudes of the best members of 
 the French Protestant Churches, have been brought to 
 God through the instrumentality of Methodism ; but have 
 been led by a strong feeling of nationality to transfer 
 their allegiance from a Church of foreign origin 
 to communities more essentially French in origin 
 and character. Nevertheless, among the ' Affiliated 
 Conferences' which at stated times present their 
 greetings, and in return receive words of Christian 
 counsel from the British Wesleyan Methodist Conference, 
 is the French Methodist Conference, formed in 1852, 
 with its thirty pastors and eighteen hundred and eighty- 
 three church members. 
 
 Methodist Magazine,' 1820. p. 801. 
 
2, 
 
 y- 
 
 CITAPTER III. 
 
 METHODISM IN NEWFOUNDLAND FROM THE RETURN 
 
 OF LAURENCE COUGHLAN TO ENGLAND IN 1773, 
 
 TO THE ARRIVAL OF JOHN McGEARi' IN 1785. 
 
 The local ministry of Methodism. Its connection with the estab- 
 lishment of Methodism at homo and abroad. Local Preaohors 
 in Newfoundland. Their etforts to sustain and extend the work. 
 Christmas, 1774. Strotton's visit to Heart's Content. Journey 
 of Streiton and Tliomey around Conception Bay. Their visit to 
 the Congregationalists at St. Jolin's. John Hoskins. Moral 
 condition of Old Pcrlican at the time of liis arrival. Results of 
 Hoskins' efforts. Visit of Hoskins to England. Refusal of 
 Bishop Lowtli to ordain him. Wesley's letter to the Bishop. 
 Persecution. Revival at Island Cove. Visit of Hoskins to 
 Trinity. Hostility of the merchants to the preacher and hia 
 message. Outrageous treatment of Hoskins. Speedy retribu- 
 tion. Return of Hoskins to Trinity. His more favorable recep- 
 tion. He visits Bonavista. Death of Thomey. Stretton's appeal 
 to Wesley for a Missionary. Arrival of John McGeary. 
 
 The rapid growth of Methodism must bo ascribed, in 
 part, to the early employment of a local ministry. Soon 
 after Wesley had permitted MaxHold to preach, only 
 because he dared not prevent him, he became convinced 
 that in his efforts to spread scriptural holiness through- 
 Cut the land, important aid might bo derived from the 
 partial labors of intelligent and pious laymen. Thence- 
 forward he and his early associates not merely allowed 
 such men, when moved by the Spirit, to exhort or to 
 preach under peculiar circumstances, but urged upon 
 them the performance of such duties to the full extent 
 of their ability. They went even farther ; for they 
 connected their continuance in the faith, and their growth 
 in grace, with the proper discharge of such duties as 
 their own judgment with that of their pastors and breth- 
 ren, sliould make incumbent upon them. From those 
 

 60 
 
 HISTORY OF METHOD ISM. 
 
 ' 
 
 ChriHtian workers, trained in the narrowei* nphci-o of 
 local labor, Methodism has from the be<^'inning called 
 forth the men, who under her auspices, have served the 
 Master in the wider sphere of the itinerancy. 
 
 To the local section of the ministry of Methodism 
 belongs the distinguished honor of having furnished the 
 pioneers of their church in many lands. Gilbert and 
 Baxter in Antigua; Strawbridge, Embury and Webb in 
 the United States ; Tuffey and Neal in the Ujiper 
 provinces of the Canadian Dominion ; Brown, Gordon 
 and Jordan in Sierra Leone ; and Piercy in China, not 
 to speak of others, were the first to raise in the countries 
 named, the standard around which many tliousands have 
 since ranged themselves. Not less honorable has been 
 the position of many of their brethren, who with patient 
 toil, have watched over sections of the work, which, in 
 the absence of the regular ministry through death, or 
 removal to more promising fields, must, but for their 
 labors, have been wholly neglected. To the earnestness 
 and self-denial of these, and thousands more among her 
 laymen, who have devoted not only hours of leisure, but 
 hours not easily to be spared from the allotted toil of 
 body or brain, to preach the Gospel without fee or 
 reward, an immense debt of gratitude is due by Metho- 
 dists throughout the world. The names of the great 
 body of these are not to be found in the earlier or later 
 records of the church, but Heaven has preserved an uner- 
 ring list ; and they shall be seen and known when ' they 
 that turn many to righteousness shall shine as the stars 
 forever and ever.' 
 
 The care of the work of God in Newfoundland 
 devolved upon Christian laymen for some years after the 
 departure of Coughlan. 
 
 "Writers on Methodism in that island have merely 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 Gl 
 
 nd 
 Iho 
 
 ply 
 
 moutionod the mime of Thoiiius Pottlo of Carbonear. lie 
 was a clerk in the employ of a company of mercliantH at 
 that place. After a ' long caveor of sin and vice' ho had 
 heen led to Christ under the ministry of Coughlan, with 
 whom ho shares the honor of the extension of Methodism 
 to the Norman Isles. Le Sueur had heard the truth from 
 his lips ; and was much indebted to him for the 'very 
 animating and comforting letters which he occasionally 
 wi'oto him, urging him to stand fast in the Lord.'' 
 
 Arthur Thomey, an intelligent Irish merchant, was 
 among the first fruits of Coughlan's ministry at Harbor 
 Grace, where ho resided. He became an accepta])le 
 local preacher, and according to an intimate fellow- 
 labour, was ' endowed with both gifts and grace.' 
 
 Allusion is also made in documents of that day to 
 others whoso names have not been preserved. Mr. V. is 
 said by one of the flock to have been ' a great strength to 
 us, and a faithful servant to God and man.' He remained 
 in the Dolghborhood only a year after Coughlan's depar- 
 ture. Honorable mention is also made of W. H., a 
 ' poor fisherman,' who was the first to open his mouth 
 boldly in the namo of his Master. ' He is a serious and 
 time Christian, and labours indefatigably ; I trust his 
 talent will obtain many tens,' wrote one of his hearers to 
 Coughlan in November, 1774. Thomey, when writing 
 to Coughlan early in the following year, referred to a 
 sermon W. II. had preached on the previous Sabbath, 
 and remarked, 'I should have been glad that some of our 
 modern, fine, witty, gentlemen had been 2>resent. How 
 doth God in His wisdom make use of the weak and foolish 
 to confound the wise and mighty.' Coughlan wrote to 
 him to stir up the gift that was in him. 
 
 To John Strotton, however, must bo accorded the 
 
 1 • Weeleyan Methodist Magazine' 1820, p. 601. 
 
G2 
 
 inSTOEY OF METITODmM. 
 
 if 
 
 post of honor umonc^ these worthies. Ilit^ name, 
 on account of his lorii^ continued services in connec- 
 tion with Methodism in Newfoundlund, can never be 
 forgotten by (colonial aMethodists. Tlis father and mother 
 were among the early friends of Wesley and his followers 
 in Limerick. The son removed to Watei-ford, whore he 
 carried on an important branch of business in the trade 
 with Newfoundland. To increase liis business he resolvcnl 
 to remove to that colony. lie had been favoural>Ie to 
 Methodism, but not decided for God. Shortly befoi'e liis 
 departure from Ireland, Mrs. Eliza Bennis, a devoted 
 woman connected with the Methodist Society in liimor- 
 rick, visited him, and became the instrument of his 
 conversion. For years after his an-ival in the colony, 
 this elect lady, whom he calls in one of his letters, 'my 
 sister, my spiritual mother, my best friend,' contimied to 
 «vritc to him ; and her glowing letters, full of life and fire, 
 hAd much to do with making Stretton the man ho was, 
 during the earlier years of his residence in Newfound- 
 land. * In the autumn of 17*70, he arrived at Carboncar, 
 whence late in the following year he removed to Harbor 
 Grace. JTez-o ho met constantly in one of Coughlan's 
 classes. The death of his mother soon after his removal, 
 and his marriage with an excellent Christian woman, a 
 native of Newfoundland, led to his permanent residence 
 in the island. 
 
 Upon Stretton and his friend Thomey devolved the 
 care of the little flock at Harbor Grace, on the return 
 of Coughlan to England. The opposition against which 
 the missionary had so bravely striven, did not cease at 
 his departure. The magistrjites who had opposed him 
 took possession of the chuvch, read prayers, and preach- 
 ed on alternate Sabbaths, with the intention of holding 
 
 * * Ireland and the Centenary of American Methodism,' p. 221. 
 
IK xjnvrorxDLAxn. 
 
 63 
 
 a 
 sncc 
 
 the 
 urB 
 iich 
 le at 
 him 
 [ach- 
 |ding 
 
 221. 
 
 the building until the arrival of Coughlan'H Kucoes^-or, 
 Tiiey also refused to allow the members of the clas'^ to 
 meet in the church on the .Sabbath evenings, as they had 
 been accustomed to do. Undei- the severe j)res>ure 
 bi'ongl'.t to bear u}K)n them, some of the converts yielded 
 and fell. IJold action, under the circumstances, liecamc 
 necessary on tlie jiart of those who ivmained faithful. 
 * Mr. Ai'thur Thomev and I,' wj'ites .Stretton, ' lu'inir 
 dis([uieted with this mode of action on the ])art of the 
 justices, resolved to ojipose the torrent of iniquity. We 
 gatliercd a few together who loved the Lord Jesus, and 
 found among them a poor lisherman, who was not 
 ashamed of his lieavenly Master, but boldly stood ui)and 
 spoke in His name. II im we constantly attend. Mi'. 
 Thomey also exliorts, and is endowed witli both gifts and 
 gi'ace. We drew u]) rules as like ^Ir. Wesley's as we 
 could, consistently with local circumstances. Ourmunher 
 is about thirty, who, I believe, are sincere,' ^ 
 
 Pottle, in the meantime, endeavoured to do at Carbon- 
 ear what his friends vStretton and Thomey were doing 
 at Harbor Grace, lie had less opposition to contend 
 with than they. The church left at his disj)0sal, ho at 
 once occupied. A lovefeast held there at Christmas 
 1773, greatly cheered him. 'The graciou.s Redeemer,' 
 ho wrote, ' made it a lovefeast indeed, and turned our 
 water into wine' "With earno«t longings he addressed 
 hii f t(t the care of the work which Coughlan had 
 loft in his charge. ' Oli that 1 had power fi-om on high,' 
 he sal ' that 1 could once venture into the high^^tlys 
 without crutches, find call in poor sinners to feast with 
 such a merciful Saviour ; but my facultioH are so 
 
 3 ' Christian €■ ircspomlonce, being a Collection of Letters by 
 the late Rev. John Wesley, the late Mrs. Eliza Bennis, and 
 others.' 
 
-l!.'-^ 
 
 ■MMMHM 
 
 64 
 
 inSTOBY OF METHODISM. 
 
 destroyed by a \on^ ctrmrse of sin and vice, that to mc 
 it Bccms impossiLk thstt ever I should do any groat 
 work for Christ. H'Oiwever, I hope that He will make 
 me willing to do whMtever I am capable of, and make me 
 anything or nothing, ,*<'> that I may glorify llim, and be 
 Ills humble servant stilL' Such longings are never in 
 vain. His jtrotiting so^m appeared. Toward the nlob'i 
 of 177-4 he cast away InL-*- crutches, and preached sermons 
 prepared by hiin^el£ We are not surprised, in view of 
 the more direct ajiplk-atiion of the Gospel which he was 
 eonse<piently enabl^Ki tli-> make to the circumstances and 
 siris of the people <-»s' Carbonear, that he should soon 
 liave lo report. ' Tbi* feath procured me many enemies.' 
 Previousl}^ to the itrrival of the missionary appointed 
 in Coughlan's st^ad, h^ not only conducted the services 
 on the Sabbath, but pricaehed in the winter twice, and in 
 the summer onc-e, lu eac-h week. In a review of his 
 work, in a letter SKMire^^ed to Coughlan in the latter 
 part of 1774, Pc>tt]-e nAmes some who have drawn back, 
 and sorrowfully add-, • My greatest enemies i>re those 
 that once professed aiiifi owned a crucitied Saviou"; but 
 now they are a]>r>iai'.et*. Oh. how cutting are these 
 things.' At the samt- time it was his privilege to men- 
 tion to his spiritual :_,":. r. the names of some who were 
 ' holding on their waj hravely :' and of others whom he 
 hopcvl had under hi* ministry experienced conversion. 
 
 Balfour, transfCTT^i trom Trinity Bay by the Society 
 for the Propagation "i the Gospel, arrived at Conception 
 Bay, in October 1774, as Coughlan's successor. He 
 informed the Society, -^oon after reaching his new station, 
 that at Ilarbor GniiCv^. where he hatl a<^lministored the 
 Lord's Supj)er t<» moT^than one hundred communicants, 
 he had been received with great kindness ; but that at 
 Carbonear he had i^'r contend with some 'prejudices', 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 65 
 
 icty 
 
 hum 
 
 He 
 
 the 
 intB, 
 It at 
 Ices', 
 
 as the inhabitanta of that place were ' Dissenters and 
 Methodists,' and wished for a teacher of ' their own 
 persuasion.' He hoped soon however, ' by gentle appli- 
 cations to bring them to a better mind.'* 
 
 The reported results of Balfour's ministry of four- 
 teen years at Trinity Bay, led those who had embraood 
 the truth under Coughlan at Harbor Grace, to receive 
 his successor with a degree of distrust, which his ])re- 
 sence unfortunately failed to remove. They attended 
 his services, but did not abandon their own. On Sab- 
 baths and week-days they met in private houses, to enjoy 
 a more spiritual religion than that which held sway at 
 the parish church. Christmas, 1774, was a day of rare 
 joy to the little flock in the wilderness. They observed 
 it, wrote Stretton, 'as the Methodists in Euro])e.' 
 Thomey, in a letter to Coughlan, describes the 'holy 
 duties' and ' holy pleasures' in which the day passed. 
 • We assembled at J. P.'s ut five in the morning, sang 
 praises, and prayed, and exhorted, and every heart 
 rejoiced in our Christ ; we continued thiis till eight 
 o'clock ; had prayers at ten, and again at three in the 
 afternoon, and our dear Lord continued present all the 
 day ; at night we had n love-feast at S.'s (foi-merly your 
 house,) and such a blessed meeting we never saw.' 
 Stretton, who conducted the meeting, gave out the hymn 
 with which such services are usually commenced, hut 
 when he reached the words 
 
 ' Christ hath burst the bonds of death, 
 We his quickening Spirit breathe,' 
 he could proceed no farther. All present shared in his 
 deep emotion; and a backslider protl^ssed to find again 
 the influences of that Spirit whose presence filled the 
 heart.< of Stretton and his fellow laborers with holy 
 
 ♦Reports. P. G., 1776. 
 
66 
 
 HI STORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 I 
 
 gla'iness. Doubts, which followed this manifestation of 
 the Spirit, were removed by conversation with his friend 
 Thomey, and Stretton was thus prepared to go forth with 
 ^'roater confidence in the path which Providence had 
 marked out for him. For some tiriie he hesitated to 
 speak in public. But having become convinced that he 
 must ' take the superintendence, or see the society decay,' 
 he regarded himself as called upon to take a more promi- 
 nent position. In 'great fear of being one of those who 
 run before they are sent,' he began, at Christmas, 1775, 
 to exhort. His friend at Limerick, whom he had desired 
 her to ask Wesley's opinion as to his duty in this direc- 
 tion, replied, ' Beware how you desist from labour. The 
 Lord has called you to work in His vineyard ; wait then 
 until He is pleased to dismiss you.' 
 
 The work which, prompted by necessity, these Chris- 
 tian merchants took upon themselves, was not light. In 
 summer, the business of fishing gave too little time for ne- 
 cessary sleep and food, and permitted services only on the 
 Sabbath ; in the winter season they preached two or three 
 times in each week in private houses. Their labors did 
 not end at Harbor Grace, or at those places to which 
 business called them. In the winter of 177G-7, Stretton 
 te'avelled overland, thnmgh a dreary country, to Heart's 
 Content in Trinity Bay, where the people 'had never 
 heard the joyful sound.' He found them deeply sunk in 
 ignorance and vice, and feared that his labor wiis in vain. 
 ' Yet I have since felt', he wrote, ' as if God would bless 
 the seed sown.' More cheering, in its immediate results, 
 was an excursion of about sixty miles around Conception 
 Bay, undertaken by himself and Thomey at the Christ- 
 mas season of the following winter. During this journey 
 thoy preached at each inhabited place. The people 
 flocked to hear, and they again and again repeated their 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 C^7 
 
 In 
 »r ne- 
 1 the 
 
 hree 
 
 wdid 
 
 hicli 
 
 cttou 
 art's 
 
 icvev 
 
 nk in 
 vain- 
 blesrt 
 suits, 
 ption 
 hristr 
 luriiey 
 people 
 their 
 
 visits. Their labors at one settlement were followed by 
 marked success. ' "Where there were but four dry pro- 
 fessors,' says Stretton, * a society of thirty seven, nearly 
 all believers, was soon established. One evening at ;i 
 lovc»/east four were set at liberty. Open profligates weix' 
 convinced and converted. Two aged sinners, one a hun- 
 dred years old, and the other eighty, were called in. We 
 saw old and young flocking to the ordinances in the 
 most inclement weather, from one to Ave miles distant." 
 
 Fr(jm two other visits made about this period, these 
 Christian laborers derived much encouragement. At St. 
 John's they met the little band of devoted men. who, in 
 the face of hostile influences, laid the foundation of the 
 Congregational church in that town. As each party 
 told the other of the way their Lord had led them, con- 
 sciousness of the endurance of common trials, as well as 
 the experience of the same divine help, served as a strong 
 bond of union. These brethren, only eight in number, 
 and very poor, had built ' a neat little meeting house." 
 ' They are Calvinists,' said Stretton, * but have the gen- 
 uine mark of love, and wherever that is met with, we joy- 
 fully give the right hand of fellowship.' A journey ot 
 nearly iii'iy miles, in another direction, led them to the 
 home at OM Perlican, of another servant of their Master, 
 of Avhom they had hitherto known little. The joy of the 
 meeting was mutual. ' lie and w^e,' remarks Stretton. 
 ' were much comforted by this visit.' 
 
 The narrative of this evangelist of Trinity Bay 
 ]X)Ssesses rare interest. ^ Sevcj-al months after the work 
 in Conception Bay had been put under the care of hi}- 
 brethren, another lay-laborer, more humble, perhaps, in 
 worldly circumstances than they, but rich in faith, left 
 England to commence the work in another part of Xew- 
 
 ■' ' Arminian Magazine,' 1786. 
 
 J 
 
I — 
 
 m 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 11 
 
 Ibundland. John Hoskins left his native hmd uncon- 
 scious of the work before him, but under the dii-ection 
 of Providence. 'When I was about fourteen years of 
 age,' he tells us, ' I tasted of the love of God and felt the 
 powers of the world to come. From that time I had 
 frequently strong desires to live to God; to give mjself 
 wholly to him. In 1746 I first heard the Methodists at 
 Bristol. The word fell on my soul as dew on the tender 
 herb. I received it with Joy, and soon joined the society. 
 In about three weeks J received a clear sense of forgive- 
 ness, but soon fell into reasoning and doubting. Some- 
 times I was in heaviness through manifokl temptations; 
 and it was near ten years before I received the abiding 
 witness.' At the age of fifty-six ho determined to leave 
 Britain for New England, where, he ^^^ys, ' I intended to 
 keep a school tor my living, and spend my little remains 
 of life with the people of God, [ind, as far as I was able, 
 to help forward the salvation of others.' With the 
 intention of going out to Xewfoundland, to remain there 
 till he could obtain sufficient money to pay for the 
 ]>assage of himself and his son thence to New Enghind. 
 he left London in March, 1775, and went down to Poole, 
 where he embai-ked for Newfoundland. After a passage 
 of five weeks he reached Trinity. ' I saw myself indeed," 
 he wrote afterwards, ' a poor pilgrim on the earth having 
 no money; nor did I know one person in the ])lace. As 
 I was walking about on the shore, seeing a few low. 
 mean houses or rather huts, built with wood; and a 
 rocky desolate country; and meditating on the destruc- 
 tion which sin hath made in the world, I rejoiced exceed- 
 ingly that I was under the care and protection of an 
 Almighty and all-gracious God. Going by one of these 
 houses, I heard a child cry ; and thought as there was a 
 family, there might be some person with whom 1 might 
 
7J 
 
 HI 
 
 IN NEWFOUXDLAXD. 
 
 69 
 
 As 
 low, 
 i.l a 
 
 •ue- 
 
 •ea- 
 
 an 
 lese 
 
 bis u 
 ight 
 
 advise how to get into business ; yet I was afraid, as I 
 luid been on board a ship with a crew of English, cursing, 
 swearing savages, lest I should meet with the like people 
 in this barren and uncultivated country. However, I 
 knocked at the door, when a woman, the mother of the 
 family, came out and asked me and my son to come in. 
 She gave us some seal and bread to eat, and some coffee 
 to drink, the best the house afforded. She then directed 
 me to several places where she thought I might get into 
 business. The minister of the place, Baltbur. advised 
 me to keep a school at Old Perlican, a place seven 
 leagues distant, across the Bay. Accordingly I went in 
 a boat to Old Perlican. The people received me, and 
 were glad of some one to teach their children, there 
 being about fifty families in the place.' 
 
 Old Perlican, for several years the home of Hoskins, 
 hud been settled by Englishmen from the rural districts 
 of England, whom the far-famed fisheries of Newfound- 
 land had drawn from their quiet English homes. The 
 hope of wealth had lured them across the ocean, but 
 their expectations had not been realized. Their advan- 
 tages at home had been few ; there had been no educa- 
 tional opiDortunities in their adopted home; they were 
 without a church, and at a too great distance from 
 Trinity to receive much attention from the Episcopal 
 minister stationed at that harbor; and were at the same 
 time exposed to all the demoralizing influences of the 
 fisheries as prosecuted at that day. It is not therefore 
 strange that their social and moral condition was little 
 better than that of the inhabitants of Conception Bay, 
 at the time of Coughlan's arrival there. 
 
 Soon after the settlement of Hoskins at Old Perlican, 
 the inhabitants invite 1 him to read prayers and a 
 sermon on the Sabbath. *I accepted the call,' he wrote 
 

 lO 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 Wesley, ' as from God. Accordingly I read the Church 
 prayers, and some of your sermons, and sung your hymns 
 by myself alone, for many weeks. For my congregation 
 did not know how to behave in Divine service, not even 
 to kneel in prayer, or sing at all, but would stand at a 
 distance, and look at me as if I had been a monster. 
 And yet they called themselves members of the Church 
 of England.' To these efforts, he added frequent ad- 
 dresses upon some of the most important topics of Gos- 
 pel teaching, as suggested by the Book of Prayer, or the 
 Articles of the Church. 
 
 Hoskins' well directed efforts were not in vain. 
 Several persons grew thoughtful, knelt at prayer, and 
 assisted in singing. To the sincere and watchful chris- 
 tian toiler such changes are not without meaning. In a 
 short time he found that six or seven persons were 
 awakened, and were seeking salvation. He advised 
 them to meet once a week, and promised to meet with 
 them. They met on Sunday evening ; their number 
 soon increasing to sixteen, two or three of whom gave 
 testimony of sins forgiven. About this time business 
 brought Thomey to Old Perlicau. B3' his advice Iloskins 
 commenced to preach extemporaneously. A year later 
 Thomey returned, and during his stay preached several 
 times. 
 
 Iloskins seems now to have renounced his intention 
 of proceeding to New England. The Avork under his 
 charge continued to grow. Previous to Easter, 1778, a 
 woman was suddenly convinced of sin ; a few days later 
 her husband joined her in seeking salvation. At the 
 close of the morning service on Easter Sabbath, to sever- 
 al who remained in the house, the wife spoke of the 
 experience through which she had passed. Six of those 
 who listened to her asked ' What must wo do be saved?" 
 
IN KRWFOZryDLAKD. 
 
 n 
 
 the 
 
 3VC1'- 
 
 thc 
 ihose 
 
 -I 
 I 
 
 -et 
 
 \'>' 
 
 ■imd prayed so earnestly for the blessiiii^ received by 
 neighbors, that others, aLirmed, came forward to inquire 
 the cause. Several found jieace with (rod before leaving 
 the house. Iloskins, when writing of that Easter Sab- 
 bath service, some years later, states that most of those 
 who then professed faith in a risen Saviour, retained 
 their confidence and pi'oved the reality of it by theii- 
 ' lives and conversation.' 
 
 During the winter of 1778-9 Iloskins visited Kngland. 
 The people at Old Perlican, still regarding themselves 
 members of the Church of England, applied through 
 Wesley to Dr. Lowth, Bishop of London, to ordain him 
 iis their minister. Having resolved to maintain him 
 themselves, they saw no reason for application to the 
 Society for the Propagation of the (rospel. Tlieir 
 request, the bishop, for several reasons, saw tit to deny. 
 
 Wesley was deeply grieved. On the day following 
 the close of the Bristol Conference of 1780, he addressed 
 to the bishop a letter such as has seldom been placed in 
 the hands of a prelate. After remarking ' I dare not 
 do otherwise; I am on the verge of the grave, and know 
 not the hour when I shall drop into it,' he jjroceeded 
 freely and fearlessly to deal with his lordship's favor, 
 received ' some time since.' 
 
 '*Your lordship observes,' wrote Wesley, 'there arc 
 three ministers in that country already. ' True, my lord ; 
 but what are three to watch over all the souls in that 
 extensive country? Suppose there were threescore of 
 such missionaries in the country ; could I in conscience 
 recommend these souls to their care? Do they take 
 care of their own souls ? If they do, (I speak with con- 
 cern,) I fear they are almost the only missionaries in 
 America that do. My lord, I do not speak rashly ; I 
 have been in America, and so have several with whom 1 
 
«r 
 
 72 
 
 KTSTORY OF 3TETirODISM. 
 
 have lately conversed, and botli I and they know, what 
 manner of men the greater part of these are. They are 
 men who neither have the power of religion, nor the 
 form ; men that lay no claim to piety, nor even 
 decency. 
 
 " I have heard that your lordship is unfashionably 
 diligent in examining the candidates for holy orders ; 
 yea, that your lordship is generally at the pains of ex- 
 amining them yourself. Examining them ! In what re- 
 spects? Why, whether they understand a little Latin or 
 Greek ; and can answer a few trite questions in the 
 science of divinity ! Alas, how little does this avail ! 
 Does your Lordship examine whether they serve Christ 
 or Belial ? Whether they love God or the world ? 
 Whether they ever had any serious thoughts about 
 heaven or hell ? Whether they have any real desire to 
 save their own souls, or the souls of others ? If not, what 
 have they to do with holy orders ? And what will become 
 of the souls committed to their care ? My lord, I by no 
 means despise learning : I know the value of it too well. 
 But what is this, particularly in a Christian minister, 
 compared to piety ? What is it in a man that has no 
 religion ? As a jewel in a swine's snout. 
 
 " I don't know that Mr. Hoskins had any favor to 
 ask of the Society. He asked the favor of your lord- 
 ship to ordain him that he might minister to a little 
 flock in America. But your lordship did not see good 
 to ordain him ; but your lordship did see good to ordain, 
 and send to America other persons, who knew some- 
 thing of Greek and Latin, but knew no more of saving 
 souls than of catching whales.' It is not at all strange 
 that Wesley, convinced many years before that the 
 ' uninterupted succession' was * a fable which no man 
 ever did or can prove ;' and that he himself was a true 
 
I 
 
 IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 •73 
 
 te good 
 
 I 
 
 scriptural bishop; soon after broke down tlic limit which 
 a desire for peace had so long maintained, and assisted 
 by others equally qualified, set apart ministers for the 
 work to which he believed the Holy Ghost had called 
 them. 
 
 While prelatieal sanction was thus denied to Iloskins, 
 the seal of divine approval was placed upon the work 
 he had begun. During his absence in England, the 
 members of his flock met as they had been wont to do 
 on the Sabbath, and twice in the week for mutual 
 edification. In the month of January they were visit- 
 ed with an outpouring of npiritual influences which were 
 felt throughout the settlement. They sent to Harbor 
 Grace for Thomey, who, when he reached them, ' was 
 glad, and exhorted them to continue in the grace of 
 God.' His labors were rendered a blessing to many. 
 The work was characterized by depth. ' The great point 
 they sought to know,' says Hoskins, * was the forgive- 
 ness of their sins ; and those who expected it cried to 
 God, and received it in a very short time. Within a 
 month, thirty were added to the number of believers, 
 and twenty to the society.' Several young persons, 
 among them Hoskins' son, were brought to God. A fa- 
 ther, whose son, aged fifteen, when ordered by him to 
 work in his boat on Sunday, had ' wept and fallen into 
 a fit,' was convinced of sin and became converted ; and 
 soon after his wife and two of his sons became earnest 
 seekers of salvation. The triumphant deaths of two 
 converts, one of whom had reached the age of threescore 
 and ten, proved to Hoskins on his return, how thorough 
 the work had been. 
 
 At Old Perlican, as elsewhere, men of the ' baser 
 sort ' set themselves to oppose the work of God. The 
 term ' swaddler,' imported from Ireland, w^as freely 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 applied to the convertH. A young man, 8ub-agent to a 
 merchant of Poole, whose conviction ofnin was so Icccn, 
 and sense of pardon so overwhelraiiif^, that some thoui^ht 
 him delirious, was forcibly taken trom the meetings hy 
 the agent, and soon after sent to England. Several of 
 Thomey's countrymen, armed with clubs, went one even- 
 ing into the room where he was preaching, and declared 
 with oaths that they would kill him. A blow aimed at 
 his head struck the candlestick. Several persons then 
 placed themselves between the preacher and his assail- 
 ants, preventing further attack at the time. The attempt 
 was renewed at the close of the meeting, but Thomey in 
 the darkness passed very near the men who were calling 
 loudly for him, and reached his lodgings in safety. 
 
 Tidings of the work at Old Perlican reached the 
 adjacent harbors, from several of which persons came to 
 make inquiries respecting it. Of those who came from 
 Island Cove, a fishing village about eight miles distant, 
 a part not only saw the I'esults of the revival in the 
 changed lives of others, but felt the power of God in the 
 renewal of their own hearts. On their return they at 
 once proceeded to tell their neighbors what great things 
 the Lord had done for them. A little later, a church 
 was built at Island Cove, and a society formed of thirty 
 persons, twenty of whom were believers. 
 
 xYbout the middle of August, l*780,the zealous school- 
 master, encouraged by past success, resolved to extend 
 his labors to Trinity. A fisherman, authorized by the 
 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, read prayers 
 occasionally in the church in which Balfour had offici- 
 ated before his transfer to Harbor Grace. The preacher, 
 and the truths he felt it his duty to proclaim, were met 
 by the more influential men of Trinity in a spirit of de- 
 termined hostility. Many of the inhabitants were will- 
 
IN NE WFO VXD LAND. 
 
 75 
 
 Ihool- 
 
 the 
 yei'B 
 )fflci- 
 Icher, 
 met 
 kf de- 
 will- 
 
 ing to hoar, but none diii-ed open their hoiisjCh for jneacli- 
 ing. IIoskiriH visited several homes, taliviiig with llu- 
 iiimalus upon tlie truths ofwliich he could not s})cak in 
 publie, and leaving with them some tracts. Having 
 remained thi-ee or four days, at the end of which there 
 seemed to be no prosjject of securing a room ihr preach- 
 ing, he called at the ollice of a merchant to ask a ])assage 
 in a boat about to leave for Old Perlican. Informed that 
 the merchant was on hoard a vessel in the harbor, he 
 obtained a boat and went in search of liim. Soon after 
 he had reached the deck, a sailor tauntingly said to him, 
 ' Will you preach us a sermon?' and foUowetl the ([ues- 
 tion with a daub in the face from a tar-brush, tilled with 
 tar. One or two of the sailors then held him, whih' 
 others nearly covered him with tar, the rest (piietly 
 looking on. The captain and the merchant were in the 
 cabin at the time. No attempt was made by either to 
 punish the men for this outrage; on the contrary, the 
 merchant sancticmed their conduct by the remark that 
 feathers would have been given bj^ him, if asked fbi". As 
 Hoskins left in the boat, the sailors shouted after him 
 with curses, and flung at him a piece of wood, which, 
 •guided by an unseen hand, did him no harm.' The next 
 day they sought him on shore ; one of them provided 
 with a knotted rope for the purpose of beating him, or 
 any of his converts who might he in the jilace. This 
 man lay down and fell asleep; and Hoskins, quite igno- 
 rant of his intention, passed by him while in search of a 
 boat. A luckless stranger, pointed out to the man when 
 he awaked, as a ' convert,' received a ' terrible ' beating, 
 in spite of his rcjDeatcd protestations that he was no 
 convert, nor even from Old Perlican, but from English 
 Harbor. It would be hard to tell to what length the 
 spirit of persecution would have gone, had a boat not 
 
1 ■ ■ ■ rsaa 
 
 76 
 
 IimrORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 come from Old Perlican, and carried HoskinH away hy 
 stealth ; I'or all owners of boats in the harbor of Trinity 
 had been forbidden to allow him a passage. 
 
 Thispersoeution, in the end, tended to the furtherance 
 of the Gospel. The captain and the merchant soon 
 became ashamed of the transaction to which they had 
 jj^iven their approval, and the immediate actors in it were 
 visited with speedy retribution. In the course of a month 
 one fell everboard and was drowned in the harboi* ; 
 another on the passage to England was killed by a fall ; 
 aii'l the man who had administered the tar, received a 
 death wound from an accident on board the vessel, and 
 died in great agony of mind on account of the share he 
 had taken in the guilty deed. Certain appearances con- 
 nected with the retribution, which may have been the 
 results of an accusing conscience, but which he believed 
 to be real, made such an impression upon the captain's 
 mind, that on his return to Newfoundland, he boldly as- 
 sured the merchants of Trinity that lie would not, for all 
 the world, abuse Iloskins, or any other preacher of the 
 Gospel. To what point his convictions finally led him is 
 not known ; he however declared that he could not live 
 in the midst of such wickedness as he was obliged to 
 witness, and as quickly as possible withdrew from the 
 Newfoundland trade, and went home to England to lead 
 a more quiet life. 
 
 In the course of the following summer Iloskins was 
 again found at Trinity. Arriving on Saturday, he took 
 his stand on the Sabbath morning at the church door, 
 where he distributed some tracts which were thankfully 
 received. Through the week he visited from house to 
 house; and on Saturday afternoon, put up a notice, that 
 if there were no service in the church on the following 
 morning, ho would preach at eleven in the churchyard. 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
IN SKWlVCyDLAND. 
 
 1 1 
 
 Hy 
 
 nc'c 
 
 oon 
 
 had 
 
 i/ere 
 
 mth 
 
 bor ; 
 
 f till ; 
 
 ed a 
 and 
 
 re he 
 c'on- 
 
 1 the 
 
 lieved 
 
 (tainV 
 
 ly as- 
 
 for all 
 
 of the 
 
 him is 
 t live 
 red tt) 
 m the 
 o lead 
 
 |-is was 
 
 took 
 door, 
 ikfully 
 mse to 
 te, that 
 llowing 
 jhyard. 
 
 y, 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 In the mornini,', the flai;", whicli had not been raised diiriui; 
 the summer, was hoisted to call tlio j)eoplo to worHliip, 
 lloskins and several others entered the church, but no 
 reader came; he therefore sang a few vernos oi'a hyiuii 
 and proceeded to otfer i)rayer, when a constahle entered 
 and summoned him to a])))ear before a magistrate. Tlie 
 magistrate, on his arrival, informed him that he had sent 
 for him, to warn him not to ])reach in tlie churchyaid. 
 Hoskins said that he would not ] trench there if a house 
 were ottered; and in reply to a (|uestion concerning hi,> 
 right to ])rcach under any circumstances, produced Ids 
 Bible. The interview terminated in a friendly spii-it, '.he 
 magistrate informing him that he had no jjower to ]»ih'- 
 vent him from preaching in any house or out of doors, !>o 
 long as no riots were caused. That afternoon a man 
 otfered his house a.s a preaching-place; and in the evening 
 Hoskins addressed a small, hut decent and attentivt' 
 congregation, who expressed a desire to hear him again. 
 To these, and to several of their neiglibors, he preached 
 on the Monday evening. J)uring the service of the fol- 
 lowing evening the house was ' beset with sailors and 
 others,' hut ho continued speaking, and closed the meet- 
 ing * in great peace.' 
 
 In October, 1*784 Hoskins went to Bonavista, about 
 twenty leagues to the northward, to ascertain if the 
 people were willing to listen to the Gos])el. ' They ar<' 
 willing,' he wrote to Wesley, ' that \ should come and 
 teach their children to read and write; and perhaps by 
 that means they will in time be inclined to receive the 
 Grospel. Accordingly,' he added, ' I purpose going tlieri- 
 in the spring to set up a school, and to preach as soon as 
 I have the opportunity.' 
 
 At Harhor Grace and Car])onear, Stretton and Thoniey 
 hecamc painfully conscious, that, in spite of occasio)»al 
 
■f -.-.-. J 
 
 ess 
 
 78 
 
 mSTOBY OF METHODISM. 
 
 ¥1 
 
 circumstances of a ttL-^erin!? character, the work in their 
 hands was decliiiiu^. Popery was takinj^ up a position 
 at Harbor Gi-aoei imi there was great reason to ft^ar its 
 influence U])on a lift-I**- Protestantism. Stretton resolved 
 to write to Weslev, La r.he autumn of 1784, he informed 
 him that the work f.-tf CtO'I -eemed to be at a stand, while 
 superstition and prrliiiaity were rapidly increasing; and 
 urged bim to send tliem a minister from England. 'It 
 has not been the 'ierijni- of getting ricli wliich has kept 
 me bere,' he wrot.e, -fHit I have been waiting to see tlic 
 motion of the incTnimlbeat cloud, and dare not deseri my 
 post until lawfuJlj "ii-^^harged. Single and alone, the 
 Loi"d has enabled m^'tiO' withstand the whole place where 
 I dwell, and I am frtilE preserved by the power of (rod,' 
 
 The laborers iishl f^ecome few. Pottle disap])ears 
 from Carbonear. H-: probably returncMi to England. 
 Thomey was sudd^eiihlv called to rest from his labors. 
 Sailing for Portugal where business rendered his pre- 
 sence necessary. Le Ibndeiiin November, 1784, at Oporto, 
 retired at night m apparent good health, and died 
 before morning. * Yiori can hardly conceive what I have 
 felt on this melaDel)">tjr occasion,' Stretton wrote to his 
 friend in Limenek. "Oh write to Mr. Wesley,' he im- 
 ploringly added. -Dwo-t to forget us in this benighted 
 cornel'. I still ■ext'TO-i.*: my poor talents ; but iew come 
 to hear me, and my present business prevents the excui-- 
 sions I used to tak*-.. Yet blessed be God, lie keeps ni}- 
 soul in peace, lookim^ for a revival of His work.' 
 
 To Iloskins, t3a<e review of the work at that period 
 was of a more ci)tsriring character. At Old i'er ican, 
 where the congi't-iraiiiLon had grown so larg(! that no 
 house in the harb '? ^<>uld contain it, a small Methodist 
 Church had Ix'cn ^I'tei.ted; a plain rough biiiUling, in 
 which servicer -v:^^ ci>ntiniied for iicarly lifty years 
 
IN N/nVFOrXDLAXI). 
 
 19 
 
 Ihted 
 'omo 
 kcur- 
 my 
 
 3riod 
 licaii, 
 It no 
 
 lodisl 
 Jr. in 
 leurs 
 
 The results of his labors at Island Cove have been stated. 
 Those at Trinity were less marked, yet Methodism 
 still lives there, after havinijj from time to time sent its 
 delegates to join the general assembly and church «)f the 
 tirst born. Respecting the societies in these places he 
 wrote in November, 1784 ; ' Our congregations enlarge ; 
 our societies increase; and numy souls ',\r' gathered 
 in to Christ. We have likewise several preachers raised 
 out of these stones, who are blessed in their labors.' The 
 retribution visited upon the persecutors of Iloskins at 
 Trinity soon became widely known. Tm})resHed by the 
 facts, the very men who had threatened to di'ive him 
 from the island, not only ceased to hinder him in the 
 work, but became willin<ji; to heli) him by icivinii; him a 
 passage in their boats t(^ any harbor to which he might 
 wish to go. ' I have therefore,' he remarks, • no cause 
 to decline laboring for God.''' 
 
 These Methodist laymen need no human praise. They 
 
 did bravely, during this period, the work assigned them 
 
 by Providence. Though overborne, in some directions, 
 
 by the tide of opposing influences, thcii- own works shall 
 
 hereafter ' praise them i;i iji«' gates.' 
 
 Stretton's appeal to "NV^sieywas not in vain. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1785, he receivcvl a letter, in which Wesley, ai(er 
 un expression of ap])roval for his having broken thi'ough 
 his -needless diffideiu'c' informed him that he had writ- 
 ten to Dr. Coke, then in America, to 'call' u[ton the 
 brethren in Newfoundland, as well as uj)on tho"^e in 
 Xova Scotia, and ' pe'rha])s leave them a preachei- "kv- 
 wise.' lie added, 'your ])reachcr will be ordained. (Jo 
 mi in the name of he Lord, and in the powei" of Hi- 
 might. You shall want no assistance that is in the 
 fwwer of youi- affectionate friejid and brotheiv" Dr. 
 
 '■ ' Arniinian Magii2ino,' 1785. p. ti30. 
 ■ 'Methodist Magazine,' 1824, p. '307. 
 
 i 
 
Iv 
 
 80 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM. 
 
 Coke never f<aw Newfoundland ; but at the English Con- 
 lerence of 1185, the name of the iwhind was placed on the 
 •Minutes,' with that of a single laborci- appended. The 
 fulfilment of a long cherished desire, was thuH announced 
 in November, 1785, by Stretton to Mrs. Bennis, to whose 
 long-continued coiTes])ondence with Wesley, the favor- 
 able result may in part have been due ; ' The Lord has 
 indeed supj)licd the place of dear Thomey ; lor last 
 month a preacher arrived from London, sent" by Mr. 
 Wesley. His name is John McCieary, a good man and a 
 good preacher. I hope he will prove a blessing to this 
 ]>lace. AVe wanted one wholly given to the work. A 
 preacher should not be entangled with the affairs of this 
 lite.' 
 
 
CirAPTF:R ]V. 
 
 METHODISM IN NOVA SCOTIA FROM THE AKIHVAL OF 
 
 YORKSHIRE METHODISTS AT CUMBERLAND IN 
 
 1772, TO THE AlUilVAL OF LOYALISTS IN 
 
 1783. 
 
 Arrival of settlers from the New En^'Iand colonies. Ouarantec 
 of religious freedom to alli'rotestaiits eoniiiij,'into tlie rroviiicy. 
 Arrival of settlers from Yorkshire. Tiieir value from a political 
 and religious point of view. Brief sketclies of early Yorkshire 
 Methodists. Hindrances to religious growth. Revival in Cum- 
 berland. Conversion of William lilack, Jr. Subsequent 
 struggles. His influence at home. He becomes a Local 
 Preaciier. His seizure with others, by tlie officer at Fort Cum- 
 berlarsd. Ilis visit to the Peticodiac river. Visit of Hi-nry 
 Aliin.- ;u Cumberland. Resolution of Black to devfjte himself 
 to the work of the ministry. Sketch of the Province at that jm-T- 
 iod. Churches and Ministers of the Province. Allint-'s con- 
 version and subsequent work. Black's labors in Cumberland. 
 His trials there. His visit to the ' Lower towns'. John 
 
 Smith of Newport. Moral and religious state of Halifax. Vis- 
 it of IJlack to Halifax. His call to Annapolis. His return to 
 Cumberland. Encouragement at Peticodiac. Second visit to 
 the ' Lower towns.' Black's correspondence Witli Wesley Tos- 
 pecting ministerial help in Nova Scotia. 
 
 The oxjjulsion of tlte Aciuliaiid ti'oiii Xo\ a Scotia ii. 
 1755, lot'l many ciiltivatcxl .>^])ots in the rieher aLrrieultui'- 
 a! (listi'iets of the ])rovineo untenanted, Ovei- the 
 ruins whieh dotted these, and nuirked the .--ites of foi-nier 
 dwelling.s, whence the occupants luid been rudely driven 
 forth to bo restless wanderers, an almost unbroken 
 silence rei_ii;ned for soverul years. 
 
 In thoyearl758, Governor Lawi'cnce iield out induce- 
 luenls to the inhaljitants of the Xew lOn^hiinl colonics 
 to remove to Xova Scotia, and take [tossession of tlie 
 lands of those unfortunate e.\iles, who, through the in- 
 ti'igucs of theii' ])riosthoo(l, had been scattered over tlic 
 American continent, or sent back to France. On one 
 
; I 
 
 1^4 i 
 
 m 
 
 82 
 
 mSTOBY OF METHODISM 
 
 point the Orovernor was silent : in his proclamation he 
 made no referenee to freedom of religious thoua'ht ')r 
 worship. To (hat subject, colonists, wlioso fatliers liad 
 left Europe in search of 'fVccdoni to worship God," 
 attached pre-eminent importance. The deleLcates fi'om 
 the older colonies were pleased with the lands, Ipiit were 
 fearful lest those in power should pursue the course of 
 the rulers of New York and Viri;-inia. They therefore 
 informed the (Toverno]' of their willingness to I'emove to 
 the vacated lands, on condition that proper guai-ant ee> 
 should be given for the unrestricted exercise of all tlicir 
 civil and religious rights. Aware that a largo nuniler 
 of persons, likely to become a supei-ior class of settlers, 
 were deterred from coming into the province by u iicer- 
 tainty respecting freedom of conscience, Goveinoi' 
 Lawrence issued a second proclamation, b}- which full 
 liberty of conscience and worship was secured to Pj-ote.-> 
 tants of all persuasions. In the course of a yea i- after 
 the issue of the latter proclamation, a large numher of 
 settlers, including some substantial farmei's. came 
 from Xew England and took ])Ossession of tliose lands, 
 which during the five years subsequent to the exile «tf 
 the Acadians, had enjoyed a sabliath. The^e were 
 followed, from time to time, by other emigrants from 
 the older colonies, and from Great Britain and Irelan<i. 
 
 To these early settlers from New England, wlio. true 
 to the principles of their fathers, placed a higher value 
 upon religious liberty than u})on worldl}' wealth, let due 
 honor be given. The I'eligious freedom enjoyed 
 by the inhabitants of Nova Scotia, at eat h suc- 
 ceeding period of their histoiy — a freedom greater 
 than that possessed by the people of some other Ihitf-^h 
 colonies — may be traced to the determination (»f ihe^e 
 escondants of the Pilgrim fathers not to leave their 
 
IX ^^OVA SCOT/A, 
 
 ■ir 
 
 Xew England liomeK without satisfactory assurances that 
 no al)ridufnient of their religious ])rivilegos should ho 
 suffered in consequence of removal. To-day, -when tor 
 the sake of wealth or social position, so many are 
 ready to yield u}>, as if of little worth, principles iV)r 
 which their fathers, at no small cost, made a detei-mined 
 stand, special ])rominence should he given to the con- 
 duct of men who counted wealth or position to he of less 
 value than the right to worship God as conscience 
 should dictate. 
 
 In the year 1772. a party of emigrants from York- 
 shire reached Nova Scotia. The Lieuteiumt Governor, 
 3Iichael Franklin, had engaged a number of farnilies 
 from that part of England, to cross the ocean and settle 
 in the county of Cumberland, The first detachment 
 of these sailed from Liverpool on the IGth of March, 
 17*72, and, after a detention of several days at Halifax, 
 reached Fort Cumberland on the 21st of May. Another 
 party arrived in the spring of 1773 ; and in the early 
 part of 1774, several vessels, filled with emigrants, fol- 
 lowed from the same quarter. Several other families 
 from Yorkshire joined their friends at Cumberland in 
 June, 1775. 
 
 From a political point of view, these .settlers proved a 
 great acquisition to the province. Coming directly from 
 England, they brought with them an attachment to 
 British institutions, which was of peculiar value in view 
 of the state of American politics, and at a lime when 
 many, even in Nova Scotia, were quiet from fear, rather 
 than from choice. Eaglcson, the Episcopal missionary 
 stationed at Cumberland, describes them to the ScHitty 
 by which he was employed, a■^ ' a ])eaceable, industrious 
 people, and lovers of the constitutiorj under which thvy 
 were born.' From a religious point of view, a kigher 
 
HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 estimate of their vuliie may be i^iven. Ainoiiii; them 
 eame the first Methodists of the Lower Pnn'inees. York- 
 shire has from thehegiiming been one of the stronghokls 
 of F^ngJish Metliodism. In 17<J7. the earliest period al 
 which a complete list of the numbers in the Meth(»dist 
 societies was published, one seventh of the circuits, and 
 nearly one fourth of the membei'ship of the United King- 
 dom, were in Yorkshire. Some of those, who, diu-ing 
 the years stated, left that northern f^nglish county in 
 quest of homes of their own in Nova Scotia, had listened, 
 to the joy of their souls, to Wesley and his itinerants, 
 and with prayers and tears had bidden a life-long fai'e- 
 well to brethren with whom they had taken sweet coun- 
 sel, and to humble sanctuaries which had been to them 
 nurseries in the new life. 
 
 Charles Dixon was one of these. His parents belonged 
 to the Church of England, lie went on a certain day to 
 hear one of Wesley's preachers at Eobin Hood's Bay, 
 near Whitby. Eternity alone will reveal the results of 
 Dixon's visit on that day to the humble itinerant. " His 
 preaching,' says the former, • was such as I had never 
 beard before. I was condemntMi l>y the law of God ; my 
 pretence to being a member of the Church foil to the 
 ground.' Condemned by her Article«. by her Hoimilies, 
 l>y broken baptismal vows, and convinced that he was ' in 
 short, a baptizt-<l heuthen,' he pa^seil through a severa 
 struggle. On the 21st of September, 1750, he obtained 
 tiie longed-for j«eace ; and became a member of the 
 Methodist society at Huttou Rudln-. #rhere for twelve 
 years previously to his removal to America, he carried 
 on a paper manuf.ictory. Mr. Dixon saw with regret the 
 troubles which threatened his native land, and felt the 
 difficulty of maintaining his family, and at the same 
 time preserving a conscience void of ofl'ence toward God 
 
m NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 85 
 
 Lis 
 
 les, 
 
 m 
 
 'A'O 
 
 m\ 
 
 [he 
 
 Ive 
 
 ic<l 
 
 the 
 
 the 
 
 me 
 
 od 
 
 •and men ; l)iit saw no means of CBcapo from his position. 
 "When Liout.-dovei'nor Franklin |)ul)lis]ied his pi'opusals 
 respoetitiL!; emigration, Mr. Dixon recommended his 
 neiglibors to embi-ace an opportunity of whicli he could 
 not avail himself Two months, however, before the 
 sailins;- of the ' Duke of Y<^rk ' from Liverpool for 
 Halifax, with the first party of emit^rants for Cumber- 
 land, a g'cntleman, whom he had not beftn-e seen, called 
 at his house, and after makinij; some inquiries relative 
 to his business, and stating that he had heard ot" 
 Ids wish to emigi-ate, ott'ei'cd to take his lease, stock and 
 utensils, that he might not bo delayed in his de]>arture. 
 After serious thought, and consultation with his wife, he 
 resolved to accept the otfei*. A few weeks later, with 
 his wife and four children, liv was on the ocean. Con- 
 tradictory statements made in Kalifax, respecting the 
 place of their destination, perplexed them, but they 
 pushed on to Cumberland. The spring being late, they 
 were unable to form a definite opinion respecting tlieir 
 new home, but after thi'ec weeks sjient in the barracks at 
 Fort Cumberland, Mr. Dixon purchased a tract of two 
 thousand and tive acres at Sackville, to which he and his 
 family at once removed. Having enjoyed for many 
 years the esteem of those who knew him. he died ut 
 Sackville in August, 1815, at the ripe age of eighty- 
 tlve, 
 
 William Wells, Sr., was another of the Yorkshire 
 Methodists. He Iniilt the Methodist Chapel at Thii-sk. 
 Aftei- jweaching in it in April, 1T<>(>, Wesley penned in 
 his journal a severe criticism upon the builder, who. in 
 his etforts to improve on the nio<lcl of the chapel at 
 Yarm. had, in Wesley's ojunion, made the second * scarce 
 vqual to the first.' Margaret, the wife of William Wells, 
 was a native of Sowerbv. nearThirsk, and wasconvei'ted 
 
s&mamiiamasiasmss* 
 
 86 
 
 in STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 in youth. Wesley and Jolm Xclsoii made tlieir lioine at 
 her father's house, when in that j)art. of Yorkshire. 
 She had spent some time under John Nelson's roof, and 
 had heard ]»ot]i Wesley and Nelson ])reaeh at the 
 Thirsk Cross, when they were i»elled with stones, and 
 rotten eir.tcs, and sueh other otlensive things as came to 
 hand. Previously to their de])artui'e for America, Wes- 
 ley had knelt in prayer with _Mr. and M in. Wells, and 
 with a hand on the head of each, had commended them 
 to the Divine protection. William Wells led a class in 
 his own house at Point de JUite, fre(]uently conducted 
 public services, and, when necessary, read the bui-ial 
 service in the absence oi' the minister. The power of 
 his exhortations, and the lervency of his prisyei's, 
 are well described 1»3' the iiist ])i"ovincial itinerant, in 
 his narrative of his own conversion. lie died in peace 
 in 1810. 
 
 William Trueman, Sr., with his wife and family, 
 reached Nova Scotia in 1774. and settled at Prospect, now 
 Point de J^utc. The Truenum homestead was for many 
 yea I's the head-quarters of the ^U^thodist ministers sta- 
 tioned in Cumberland. William Trueman, Jr., was mar- 
 ried a year after his arrival, toSai-ah Keillor. Their family 
 of seven sons and three dauii;hters, reached a good aji:e, 
 and furnished a tine specimen oi a Christian household. 
 Concerning it, an itinerant wrote in 1S22 : ' It consists of 
 an old gentleman, his wife and ten children, eight of 
 whom arc married, making in all twenty souls. Of this 
 number, only two are not nuMuhcrs of societ}', and they 
 live so i'ar from the jueans that they cainiot attend. 
 Eighteen ol"the I'amily, (and foj' anything tliat can be 
 seen to the contrary, the whole of the I'amily,) ai'e doing 
 well, both as to this world, and that which is to come. 
 
 ■ < Wesleyun Mctliodist Magazine,' 1S3S, p. 750. 
 
IN NOVA SCOT/ A. 
 
 87 
 
 Nearly till tlioso wlio arc in nur society iiieel in one class, 
 al ihc luniscol' ihoir ])aiH'nts, (who aiv just lotLei'ing into 
 tlio '^vd\(i, ripe for etei'nity,) and they have hitely sub- 
 serilicd about one hundrefj and I'll'ty pounds towards the 
 biiildinii; of a chaj)el in the neiijjhboi'liood.' ^ All the 
 membei's of this laniily, in time, <-onnected themselves 
 witli the Methodist Church. Their deseendauts in 1875, 
 numbered 523, of whom 357 were Methodists. 
 
 Among those wdio settled at Tantramar, were the 
 brothers John and AVilliam Fuwceti. One, who nctirl}- 
 a (juarter of a century later, knew them well, and 
 frequently shared their hospitalit}', describes them us 
 ' two worth}' old Knglish farmers, staunch friends to the 
 mission, who had brought their religion witli them across 
 the ocean.' The missionary, whose words have just been 
 quoted, adds, ' At the house of William Fawcett I had 
 many seasons of comfort and profit. Tiiey "wei-e truly 
 godly ])copleoftho old English stamp; and with their 
 twi> sons, and daugliters-in-law, greatly held up my 
 hands, and ministered to my Avniits.' At the house of 
 John Fawcett, Marsden sometimes preaclied. ^ 
 
 .lohn Newton and Thomas Scurr were among the 
 more active Christian workers of tliat day in Cumber- 
 land. John Newto7i, a 'good old man' from Pradhow, 
 near Newcastle, was regarded as 'the patriarch of the 
 new settlements.' Through the prayer meetings estab- 
 lished by him, some of the early settlers were led to 
 (Christ. Thomas Scurr was held in high esteem for his 
 piety. William Black, when awakened, looked forward 
 to a visit 10 him. vi h (lie oypectation of much benefit 
 from 'SO holy a luun.' In IT"- >. in opposition to Wesley's 
 advice against going from ' ;i place wliei'e he was much 
 
 - ' Wesloyan Methoilist Mai.; '/ine,' 1822, p. 000. 
 " Marsden's 'Narrative of a Mission," p. 47, 
 
 M 
 
N 
 
 88 
 
 in STORY OF MF/nrODISM 
 
 wtmted, to :i ])lacc wlierc ho wjis not wantiMl,' he re- 
 moved lo the S(»uthei'n States, ami purchased an 
 estate iieai- Xort'olk'. VirLi,'inia. He I'ejieiited too hite. 
 for nearly all the nienihers of his lai-^'e family fell vic- 
 tims to diseases jx'culiar to soutiiei'n climates. •* 
 
 Worthv descendants still hold in hi<j:ii honoi- the 
 names of "William and Mary (/Jiapman, \\'\\o came to Xova 
 Scotia in 1775 ; of ( reoi"ij,e Oxley, in wliose dwelling the 
 tirst Methodist itinerant of the Lower Provinces found 
 peace with ffod ; of Hoid-cin, an intimate friend ofWiliam 
 l^lack ; of Dohson, mentioned hy Wesley in a lettei- in 
 WM) ; of John Weldon, who reached Cumherlandin 1774; 
 and of otliers, to whom behmgs the honor of being the 
 rirst Methodists of the Canadian Dominion. 
 
 The new home of the Yoi-kshiro Methodists was not 
 favorable to religious gi'owth. The members of a small 
 Baptist cliurch at Swansea, ^lass., had emigrated l<) 
 Sackville in 1763, l>i'inging with them their pastoi", the 
 Eev. Xathanael Mason. They remained at Sackville 
 eight years; during whii-h time, ihe number of members 
 increased to sixty. The original emigrants then returned 
 to their former home, and the Ba})tist church at Sack- 
 ville ceased to exist. ^ The only minister in the county 
 was the Rev. John Kagleson, who had been sent out in 
 17(>n, by the ' Society for the Pi-o])agation of the Gospel,' 
 to Cumberland, wliere he continued to labour for twenty 
 '/ears. • One thing very commendable in the inhabitants,' 
 says Cliarles Dixon, in reference to the religious state of 
 the ncighboj'hood at the time of his arrival, 'was not 
 forsaking, but assembling themselves to worship God, 
 though unhappily divided into parties, and ready to say> 
 "Stand b}-. for I am holier than thou."' Divisions among 
 
 * Riehey's ' Memoir of Black,' p. 127. 
 
 ■'• Cramp's ' History of tlio Baptists,' p. 521. 
 
 (II 
 
IN NOVA sroriA. 
 
 so 
 
 thorn had in i^roat in»'asni'C oaton up thcii- Cliristiaiiity, 
 ami their attachinrnt to Calviiii^in liad i-dMkmI them of 
 |)()\vi'i'.' Distance from llie ])ln(H'-* of 
 
 tl 
 
 leif i"eliiXi<)n> 
 
 worship, and the waid of propei* j'oa<!s. ven(h»rod attend- 
 aneo at relii^ioiissorvieosdilKenlt ; and the<iisturhed >tate 
 of the ('(Uintry, in eonse(|uen('e of the hi-eakint-" out of tjio 
 Eevohitionarv war. nia(U' atten<huiee, at times, ijanirer- 
 
 oiis. 
 
 'fi 
 
 le rehirioiis 
 
 and seeidar interests of ("ninhcrhmd 
 
 w 
 
 siitVereil sever(,'l\' from the s\nn)at]iv of the Ne 
 F]nLi:hind settlers witli tiieir I'riends in the revolted 
 
 eolonie? 
 
 wo 
 
 o 
 
 f the former representatives f 
 
 tor 
 
 the eoiinly in the I/rovincia! i»arliainent were fonntl 
 
 to 1 
 
 >e in eomnmnioation wi 
 
 th tl 
 
 1 e re 
 
 hch 
 
 T) 
 
 [VOW' 
 
 their iidluenee, and liy the aiil of a numher of 
 disatfeeted ])ersons in the county, tin armed I'oree 
 from ^^acllias hesieged the <i;arrison at Fort Cum- 
 iierland, in Xovend)er, iTT'i, <lisarmed all who were 
 friendly to the i^overnment ; forbade tliem to leave their 
 farms, under penalty of imprisonment or death. an<l 
 carried otf Ka^-leson. the Episcopal missionaiy, to Xow 
 p]ni,dand, where he was detained a prisoner ibr six months. 
 It appears that, under these circumstances, the more 
 social services of Methodism, which it lias ]deased 
 the great Head of the Church so highly to bless, 
 were for a time, partially neglected by these sheep in 
 the wilderness. 
 
 Early ,in 1770, a revival of religious interest took 
 ])laco in the hearts of those who had felt the power of the 
 Gos})el in their former English homes. Meetings lor 
 prayer and exhortation were held more frequently; and 
 earnest pleadings with God and man were followed by 
 encouraging results. Among those who shared in those 
 results, was a family, which, on account of the important 
 j-olation of one of its members to the Methodism of the 
 
 1 
 
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 mSTORY or METlfODlSM 
 
 T.owci- T'r()vinc'e.s and NcwIi-uiKllaniUdeiiiands luoiv than 
 a ])as.siii^ notice. This was the, family (trAVilliani l)htck, 
 Sr., foiTiiorly of IIiuMci-sficM, Vorlcshii-o. Mi-, lihic!;. 
 who had for some time tlioii^ht of i'oni(»val to America. 
 iudii;cd it most prudent to see the count i-y hcfoi'c takinic 
 his family tliither. In May. 177 t, he rca(dieil Ilalifiix. 
 ]iurchast'd a farm in the nci^-hhoj-hood of the Xcw i'>ng- 
 hind settk'rs at Amherst, returned in the Autumn, and in 
 A])ril of tlie foUowinL!; year, with his wife and family of 
 four <ons and oiu* dauixhter, sjuled from llnll for their 
 new liome. After detentit;n tit JJalifax j'ci- a 
 
 foi'tru'''ht. thev went on hoard another vessel r.nd mailed 
 for Cumlierland. The death of Mrs. IJlack, a ('h'"istian 
 wilt' ;ind mother, aliout a year after their ;irri-:\l in the 
 province, in conse(|uence of an injuiy received in a'oinii; 
 on Ixcivd sluj) in IFull. and the laclc of reliirions j>ri\ile;re- 
 in their ni'w home, wei'e so siu'iously felt, that wiien, in 
 177!>. tlu'Spii'it of (iod lle^•an to woi'k with power in ihe 
 nei^ddiorhood, the famiU' of Wiilinm l^>laek was fouml 
 
 without hope, and witliout (lixl in the wor 
 
 Xwtll 
 
 in; 
 
 hut diseord, jealousy and ill-will," said one of the xm: 
 
 \\' 
 
 a-^ thei'e. Peace liad for some time left oiii' 
 
 ini 
 
 and wi', hurried on hyde\-ilis]i j)assions, were urii'inii,- fa-t 
 to ruin." In the course of seN'eial weel<s, l)y a marvellou- 
 ti'ansformation, sucli as iirnce only can eiVec-t, nearly 
 all the nuMuhers of the houseliold were found in \\\v 
 possession of ))eace with (iod. 
 
 ( )m' of the fii'st memher> of the family to i-ejuici' in 
 the consciousness of [)ardon. was William, the seeoml 
 Hon, then in tlie nineteenth yeai' of hisa_<;'e. When (juite 
 younu", lit? liad mirrowl}' esca[»eil death hy drowniiii;. 
 The Holy Spirit had eai'ly striven with lum. At the ai,'e 
 of five he had * serious imi)i'essions'. /i year later these 
 im])ressions became so ]>owerfuI as to make him wish 
 
'J 
 
 IN XOVA srOTfA. 
 
 n 
 
 tli;il 111- wci'c a t(>a<l. (11' :i >ri'jK'iit, oi- ' anythinu,'' Imt what 
 In>\\a-^. AVlu'ii aliitiil ihiiiecii, \\\)<^\\ his rctiini home 
 aflrr -I'veral ycai's ahsiMice at scliool. his christiiiri mo- 
 ther, hcrst'ir coiisi'ci'atc'.l to <Jo(l at tho early a:;c of >ix- 
 ti'i'ii. hL'Soiii:;ht him, with tears and ]>rayei-s. to yield 
 liimself unto (iod. CoiuHM'iiinir these ell'orts of iiis mo- 
 
 tl 
 
 ler. he writes, 
 
 lie 
 
 y 
 
 deej)l 
 
 itl'eet 
 
 o<l 
 
 me 
 
 nuur 
 
 times they sent me to mv <dosi't, and to niv kneos, 
 
 when with tears 1 Ijesouuht tlu' Loml foi- mei'ow 
 
 Tl 
 
 le 
 
 did not. however, at that lime lead him to Christ. 4'he 
 
 onsl 
 
 (•omi)anionsiii]»s ot Ins ni 
 
 'W 
 
 home, which were not of a for- 
 
 tunate ehai-aeter, led him to heeome. apjjarentls'. one 
 of the most i^'ay an<l thouijhtless younjj; men of tlie ]>laec. 
 Wh(jle nii;'hts we/'e spent hy him at the eai'd tahle and 
 in the dance. Yet he was not happy. Colontd (Jardi- 
 ner leUs us that while he himself was on oiu: occasion 
 reeeivini^ tho coni:;ratulations of his i)oon companions 
 U])on his success in sin. he looked at a doi;', and in- 
 waidly ^-roaned. • Oli, that 1 were that dou'.' In a state 
 somewhat similar, William lihudc spent two oi" three 
 year-> : his convictions of duty hcini;- suHiciently j)ower- 
 ful to poison Jiis sint'ul jdeasuivs, hut not )i<)werful 
 enouu'h to lead him to forsakn' them ; and Ids knowle<ln;o 
 of (iod ))reventini!; entire nei^leel of j)rayei', while he 
 scarcely dared to pray. I )urini;' the I'cvival whicdi. in part 
 p!'"ceded. and in )>art followed the meetin,ii:s for ]>rayer 
 tind exhortation, held in tlie spi'inL;; of 1*7T!K liis con- 
 viction of sin l)eeame nioi-e deej). Ilis elder hrother 
 John and lumself entered into an agreement to hi'eal< otV 
 theii' evil liahits, and attend tln^ meet ini^s for pi-ayer, 
 and shook hands as a seal to the covenant, (food desire.s 
 and determinations were, iiowever, mistaken by iiim, as 
 they have f're(|uently heen hy others, for real relii,don. 
 At a dittle meeting' at Mr. Oxley's, whero Joim Aewtoii 
 
 II 
 
•-«"• 
 
 -^"sm 
 
 m» 
 
 
 H2 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 i I 
 
 i^avo f)Ut a hyinii, the scalos so far f'cll from liis cy*'-- as 
 to lead liini, with several others, to eiy aloud for iiu-rcy. 
 Fi'oiii that meeting he went liome with his brothers and 
 sifter, ' weary and heavydaden.' Weeks ))assed, K-avini;' 
 him in tliat mdia})|)y state. IFe wejtt, and fasted and 
 prayed; often ]>rayint:: ^vith <»thei-s until midniiiht. 
 sometimes until dayliiiht ; and listenini^ to exhoj-tatifuis. 
 which went 'like a dai;ii;er to the heart.' until j;t last 
 Satan temj^ted him to ]>ut an end to his own life. 
 
 As he cried out of the de])ths, the hour ol' deliverance 
 a]>proac]ied. One evening;, at the close of a meetirii^ 
 at Fort Lawrence, at which, under a ]ii-ayer oflei-ed by 
 William Wells, the burden of n'uilt grew intolerable. 
 John Newton sought to cheer him. ' Xo ! no !' said the 
 good old man, in iv])ly to the despaii'ing utterances of 
 the youth, * It will not be long before the Lord 
 delivers tliy soul. Sori-ow mav en<lure for a night, but 
 joy shall come in the morning.' That very evening, 
 while at Mr. Oxlcy's, he obtained the long sought 
 ])eace. ' Wc continued singing and ]»i'aying about two 
 hours,' he tells ns, Svhen it pleased the Lord to ivvi-al 
 Ilis suital)leness, ability, and willingness to save me : so 
 that r could cast my soul upon ITim. with ' I am thine 
 :ind Thou ai't mine ; while our friends were singing — 
 
 ' My i)ardon I claim, 
 Foi' a sinnc)' I am, 
 A sinner believing in .Icsus's name. 
 
 I could tlien claim my interest in His blood, and lay fast 
 hold of Him as the ho]»e set lieforc me, " the Lord my 
 rigliteousness." Listantly my burden di'opped otf ; my 
 guilt was washed away ; my condemnation was removi'd ; 
 a sweet peace and gladness were di If used abroad in my 
 soul ; mv mourniniT was turned into iov. and mv coun- 
 tcnance, like Hannah's, told my delivei-ance ; it was •■ no 
 
ly iXOVA SrOTfA. 
 
 93 
 
 i1 Uvo 
 •ovcal 
 
 ihine 
 >f — 
 
 ly fast 
 >r<l my 
 
 tnovt'<l ; 
 in iny 
 V coiin- 
 Ivjis •• no 
 
 inoi-c heavy." After returning })uhli(' tlianUs, 1 went 
 home jd'aisinL"; (iod.' 
 
 I*eaee was foUowcd hy eonflic't. 'It is enoiiixh I'or 
 the servant that ht> l)e as his Master.' The tiereest 
 assaults of Satan upon ('hrist ([uiekly foUowed that hour 
 in whieh the oj»enin_i; heavens iiad hornc solemn witness 
 to liis greatness, and the voiee of (rod the Fathei', iiad 
 declared ilis Sonshij). The eonflietsof the servant were 
 severe ; permitted in ]»art. it may he, for tlie sake of 
 those to whom in the future he sliould announce Christ 
 as a Savioui- from the power of sin. He was lemj)ted to 
 doubt tlio reality of his conversion, and to suj)j»ose that 
 his emotional nature only liad been influenced. A fresJi 
 manifestation of the love of God raiseil him above this 
 doubt, and enabled him to eiy ' My Lord and my G(jd.' 
 Then came temptation to doubt the existence of (rod, 
 :ind with Buch power, tluit he did not wondei* that St. 
 Paul luul written, ' Above all takinii; the shield of faith, 
 wherewitii ye shall be able to quench all the tier}- darts 
 of the wicked.' Tliis tiery dart he quenched with the 
 ' sliield of faith.' It was then suggested that he could 
 not be a Christian, or such u thought could nevei- have 
 entered his mind. With such suggestions, he sometimes 
 attempted to reason to his own injury. They returned 
 again and again, until he, one day, ci-iedout. ' Lord, helj» 
 me,' and, in a moment, the suggestion which had " struck 
 Uim like lightning from heaven,' vanished. Thus in the 
 school of experience he learned the value ol' occasional 
 tests of faith, and received a training which prej)ared 
 him for ministering to 'souls distressed.' 
 
 Subsequent struggles convinced him that, instead of 
 ' knowing war no more,' he was ' but entering upon the 
 held of battle ; yet while there was agitation on the 
 surface, in the depths of the soul there was strong conti- 
 
-«W4P^ 
 
 llf 
 
 04 
 
 {inSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 dcnce. ' ^fy days,' be afterwards wrote re^ipectinir t}ii> 
 ])eiM<)il, ■ <lid indeed i^lide swifth' away. I cwuld tat my 
 bi'ead in -dnu^leness of heart, })raisin^ (iod. I went uj> to 
 Ilis house with t^ladness ; and entered His cuurtx with 
 ])i'ai^e. His peopk^ were n\y dearest conipani«»ns. My 
 8abl»aths heeanie the nio^t deliii'litful day> in all tlie 
 year. Tlicv were market dav.'^ to mv soul ; I ft-d on 
 marrow and fat things. Time, 1 saw, was cxeet-dingly 
 ])reeious, and 1 <lesired to improve every monit-nt. I 
 eould not bear tliat a single moment should pa.s.s without 
 being tilled up for God.' ^ 
 
 William Jilaek's lirst etforts to do goo<l toolht-i's were 
 ])Ut ibrtli in his fatlier's liouse. On a .Sabl'alh c-vt-ning, 
 rising from Ids bed, lie knelt in jjrayer beside his brother 
 Riehard, who tlien obtained peace. The tiding> of 
 Jiiehard's conversion, carried at mididglit to the brotliers 
 John and Thomas, caused them to rise. Pravt-r was 
 again offered, and as tlioy rose from their knees. Th«»mas 
 declared, "(Jod has blotted outmy sins.' William thi-n went 
 to the fatlier and ste])-mother, who were both Sffker< 
 of salvation, to tell them what had taken place. Father 
 and son then prayeil together, and before the dawn of 
 da}', light from heaven shone into the father's soul. The 
 next morning, the sister rejoiced in the possession of 
 pardon. The results of that domestic prayer-meeting are 
 not to be estimated by human modes- of calculation. 
 With great satisfaction, William Black, at a suloequent 
 period, heanl his father, w^hen in conversation with a 
 lady opposed to religion, triumphantly appeal to its 
 effects upon his own family as a striking confirmation of 
 its truth and utility; and allege that hundreds of pounds 
 would be a small consideration compared witli the good, 
 of which, in a temporal senete alone, it had been product- 
 
 6 Wesley's « Journal,' April 15. 1782. 
 
AV XOVA SrOTJA. 
 
 her 
 of 
 The 
 n of 
 ii are 
 a ion. 
 uent 
 ih a 
 its 
 
 on of 
 
 .nn»ls 
 
 !j;ooc\, 
 
 o<luct- 
 
 Ixv lohim/' And wiu-ii. \'>>\-\y ye:ii-s after that inornoraliU' 
 niu'ht, tlie fatlier ami -oii juirtrd. not to mvv\ :!u-;iiii on 
 earth, tlu' father hade tlie -on ' farewell,' with the a>-iir- 
 anee that he wa- oidv u ailiiii'- the eomiliii: of Iu> Loi'd. ' 
 
 TiK' >iicc('--« whieh atteiideii William lilac 
 
 •ir..r 
 
 i» 
 
 henefit hi-- kinsmen. eneouia^etl him to extend hi- iafi'rs 
 heyorid the eireJe of home. The iifteeii months siiccer(lin:x 
 llie |ie:-ioi i.r hi> conveision were sjient in jiraelical 
 iraininu" fo;- a wider >j»here ol" lahor. Xo( yd of ai!;e. 
 and therefore i'e>tneted in his movements hy his ivlation 
 to the lioii-i'liold (.f which he was a memher, he sei/.ed 
 with ('airerne>s sueh oj)]»ortiinities as were j)res(_'iited in 
 the lindted >|*herc in which he moved, hoth for reproot' 
 
 Oi 
 
 dn. and in-^truction in riiiditeottsne; 
 
 Tl 
 
 ireal 
 
 }>ersonai injary were calleil l()i"th hy a rehnke admiius- 
 tered to a >cor}'er, who, two yeai's later, sonnht pardon 
 from Hlaek. atid imjiloi-ed him at the same time to pray 
 
 At a (pntrterly meet- 
 
 ( ) 
 
 n his helialf for divine foi-^ivenes: 
 in^- helil at the hou-e of William Trneman, at I^rosjie't. 
 in the summer of IT'^n. he received an ahnndant lilessini;. 
 From that day he took a prominent ])art in all the 
 religious ijatherint:> of the neiiidihorliood. Three zealous 
 voun;-" lirethren. Srairr. Wells, and Fawkender, airree(l 
 with ]iim to vi-it in turn. I'acli Sahhatl), the settlements 
 of Prosj)ect, Fort Lawrence, and Amlierst. Tn eaeli phne 
 theysaw eheerinir re>ult». • Hard names' were plentifully 
 he->lowed upon them, hut in one instance only did hos- 
 tility assume a practical form. On that occasion the 
 officer in command at Fort ("umherlan(h in consequence 
 of representations made to him hy the E|)iscopal minister 
 of the district, deemed it Ids duty to suppress the mect- 
 imcs ; and for that ]»urj)Ose, sent a party of soldiers, who 
 
 7 < 
 
 Kichey's ' Memoir of Black,' p. 6-35. 
 Wesleyan Methodist Miiu'azinc,' 1822, p. 195. 
 
 ' I 
 
 
....-^r-^^ 
 
 [Hi 
 
 JLISTOUY OF METJIOVISM 
 
 made jii'isoiioi's of nioiv tlian twiinty of tlic coni^rc^'atioii. 
 and carried tlioiu lo \\\v fort, M-licrc llu'V wcvv detained 
 foi- two lioiii's. The oilicer, who soon h'ai'iK'(l Ids mistake, 
 was i;-hid to disiiUHS Ids ])i'isoTiei's witli ' soft woi'ds.' 
 
 An invitation from Tantraniar, (hiring- the winter, 
 widened the sphei-e of lihudv's iahors. In the s])rin;:; of 
 I7SI. lie also visited the settlers on the I'l'ticodiae I'ivi'r, 
 J)ni"in,u; this visit, promjde'l i»y the lacd'C of \-ariety in his 
 addi'esses, he fust, with fear and trembling, made nse of 
 a text of Seripture. His ellorts aniong a jteojde whom 
 he found lamentably i^aiorant of (ios])el truth, weiv not 
 
 1 
 
 lowerless. 
 
 iVmoniT others, Chi'istian Steeves, a (lei'inan. 
 
 was awakened, and durini;'a subse([Uent visit, converted, 
 Between forty and tifty years after, one of Black's suc- 
 rs in the ministry })reached at ("hi'istian Sti-cves. 
 
 cesso 
 
 house, ! 
 
 ind found the ji;ood old man ' sti'adfast in the cove- 
 nant of his God, and full of a hope bloonu!ii!: with im- 
 mortality.' 
 
 Durini; thesummei'of ITSI. the Methodists of Cumber- 
 land were visited by Henry Alline. J Lis ener^-etic apjteals 
 were rendered a blessing- to many. Previously to his 
 departure, he proposed the abandonment of the ^Fetho- 
 dist disci})line, and the foundation of a church U])on the 
 Coni!;regational system. At that time two liundred 
 were meetiiiii' in the Alethodist classes, one liun- 
 
 jiorsons 
 
 dred and thirty of whom pi'ofessed faith in (Mirist. 
 AUine's advice was rejected. Soon after his departure, 
 Thomas lIandleyChipman,one of his preachers, readied 
 Amherst, solemnly charged by Alline to go thither, and 
 keep none of his ojtinions back. Chii)man followed his 
 leader's advice to the letter. fepostulation having 
 been used in vain, ten of the leading Methodists signed 
 ii letter in which they assured him that they could not 
 continue to listen to such doctrines as had been advane- 
 
()- 
 R' 
 0.1 
 U li- 
 st. 
 
 lire, 
 icd 
 
 and 
 his 
 
 'ing 
 
 LTied 
 not 
 
 iinc- 
 
 IN NOVA SCOT/A. :i7 
 
 ed by him. JIo loft Amhoi-Mt, however, before the K'tter 
 eould be j)la(ed in his hands, ilis teatdiiiigrt caused 
 Homc dirisension^^, l>iit these were aj>j)arently healo<i in 
 the course of a few weeks. 
 
 Towards the ck)se of the year 1781, William Black 
 attained his majority. Up to that period he had re- 
 iiiaincd at liome, makinjr himself as useful as he coiihJ, 
 consistently with his obli^^ations to his father. Thence- 
 forth free to act as he chose, but glad to have the approv- 
 al of his parents, he con.sccrated himself to the woi'k to 
 which he believed himself called, and not hastily, but 
 after a careful counting of the cost, went forth to sow 
 the good seed of the word, and to gather sheaves in a 
 larger harvest field. If, standing at the door of his. 
 father's house, al)0ut to go forth as the first of an ever 
 •widening succession of laborers, he could not say 'The 
 world is my parish,' the field which lay before him was 
 BulHciently largo in extent to have discouraged men 
 more accustomed to spiritual toil than he had been. 
 
 There are yet Provincials who underrate the place 
 of their birth, and speak in tones of contempt of the 
 slow growth of the Lower Provinces. A glance at the 
 map of Nova Scotia, of which, in 17fil, the present ])ro- 
 vincc of New Brunswick ccmstituted a single county, 
 tends to the cure of any afflicted with this unpatriotic 
 disposition. A group of settlements lay about the pre- 
 sent boundary lino between Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
 wick, where the last outbreak against l^ritish rule, on 
 the part of the Acadians, led on by the. traitorous soldier- 
 priest, La Loutre, liad precipitated the inflicticm of the 
 terrible banishment which Longfellow has so graphically 
 described in his * Evangeline.' The settlement of Am- 
 herst had been begun by several families from the North 
 of Ireland, who wore soon joined by New p]nglanders. 
 
 I -J 
 
 k 
 
 i nj 
 
 ! !■ 
 
!>.S 
 
 in STORY or MF/rnovisM 
 
 p ' 
 
 Tlu' latter hud iJiken poniRossion of lands in various pai't^* 
 dl' ilic county of (Miinl)i'flan<l, and had j'oinid their way 
 to tie. .*inall Acadian and (Jernian setthttnents of Mem- 
 ranicook, fnow known as Oorchostei-, ) llill.xitoi-oim'li and 
 Hopewell. They wei'e followed hy the emiLCrants fi-oni 
 \'(n'k.shii'e, who havini^ conic out to ('und)erland to 
 ohtain lands by pui'chase, and not by i^'rant, were eonfiii- 
 ed to no certain district, hut were scatterc(l over various 
 ]>arts of tliat lai'ge county. New Kn^Iand families had 
 also occuj)ied the fertile lands (»f l''alniouth, W'ind.'^oi', 
 Newport, Horton, Cornwallin, iind the Anna])oliH valley, 
 where they had found Acadian dykes an.i the i-uiiis of 
 Acadian dwellings. Attracted by the neariie.ss of the 
 position to ^ood fishing grounds, others of their 
 countrymen, ehielly from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and 
 other districts of New Kngland, where the inhabitants 
 souglit wealth from the seas, had removed to the south- 
 eiTi coast, whei'O amidst many di.scoiiragemcnts, they 
 had commeiu'ed the settlements of liivcrjtool, Har- 
 rington and Yarmouth. Alexander J\IcNutt's day- 
 dream of building a city to be called Now JeiMisalem, on 
 the shore of the beautiful harbor of Port IJa/oir, where 
 Shelburne stands, had led him to transj)ort to the 
 neighborhood a rmmber of North of Ireland families, 
 nearly all of whom settled near the island which still 
 bears McNutt's name, at the mouth of the harbor. At 
 Argyie, a few Scotch and Acadian families resided; a 
 few New England lamilies luid iixed their abode at the 
 itagged Islands ; others had settled at Port Medway. 
 New Dublin and Chester; and (Jei-nums from Halifax 
 had removed to Lunenburg. JMcNutt, by arrangement 
 with the Government, had brought a largo number of 
 Irish settlers from Ireland, and from Pennsylvania, whom 
 he had located at Truro and Londonderry. Other settlers 
 
in 
 
 ly AOIM srOT/A. 
 
 o:) 
 
 ■.ur- 
 lav- 
 , on 
 
 the 
 Btill 
 
 At 
 
 the 
 Iway, 
 
 'incnt 
 
 tCl" 
 
 of 
 
 
 (»r various orii^'iii. had Ik-imi foMiiiicttMl \>y him IVoru Mas- 
 sailiii-ctls to ( )ii-lo\\ . SrVfi'ul Ihiiiilirs. from rcimsylv- 
 jiiiia ami Marylaml. liad. in IT'IT, commcnctMl i\w sotlli-- 
 iiK III of IMt'tiMi. Aviiocc! ihoy wore Joiiu-'l, six years latci". 
 ly t hirty families iVom Scotlarid. I >is])iil('H witli the 2)i''>- 
 jirit.'toi'.s had eaiisud scwM-al o|* thti latter to I'emove to 
 'I'niro. wliili' others went to llaliliix ami \Vind>oi-. Thos*) 
 who i-cmained at I'ictoii wei'e soon after joined hy a niim- 
 I'ti- of Highland families, wlio, sent out from 1 Mimfrieshire 
 to the Island of St. .lohii. now I'rinee Ivlward Island, iiad 
 ri'Miained, till di>^|iirited they soUL(ht a home near their 
 count I'vmeii across the Sti'aits of Northiimherland. 
 Huguenots and others from Switzerland liad entered into 
 thelalKjrs of former Acadian settlers at Tataniai^oiKdio 
 and its vicinity. Several ' West country' fishermen had 
 heicun the settlement ot" lilandford, in St. .Mar^'aret s 
 ]k\y ; a fi'W otlier fi^hermen had h)eatetl themselves at 
 C'anso; some New l"]nii;landerH had formed settlement.s 
 (^f irreat promise on the Kennetcook and Cocniiirnen 
 I'ivii's in Hants ; a few families had removed to lands 
 l.>et\veen Halifax und Windsor, while a few others reHided 
 as tenants on land> at liawreneetown, owned hy i,'entle- 
 men in Halifax. Hai'tmouth, only divided from the ca])- 
 ital hy the harbor, had heeti almost tleserted. The inha- 
 hitants of Sunhury county, hy which name the gi'cater 
 pArl of the present province of Xcw Brunswick was then 
 known, had removed thither W'inn the older colonies of 
 Ma>^achuscttsand Connecticut, and had settled on the ricji 
 intci'vales ofShetlield and .Mauii^erville, or at ihetradiuix 
 ])osts of St. Ann's, now Fredericton, and St. John. At 
 IJichibucto, Miramichi and iiestigoucdie, a few Kuro]»ean 
 families carried on a valiiahle Hulmon fisheiy. Of all 
 these placeH Halifax was the capita!. The irdluence of 
 the iJevohitionary struggle, which had impeded the )>ro- 
 
mo 
 
 jf/STonr or }ri:rjim)isM 
 
 ■i! 
 
 I. 
 
 i^rpss of tho isolalcil sottlciMcnts aloriLT the coasts, allot' 
 which hud been constantly threatonod. and sonic actually 
 atfa<'kod hy tlu' anncd vosscds of the Americans, had 
 incieancd the trade and import .'nice of the ca|i!tal. The 
 ])o])iilation of the |irovince in IT^^l. mny ho estimated at 
 twcdve thousands. In this estimate, ahnut one hunflred 
 ,\eadian families who had emeri;e<l from their hidinLf 
 places in the Ibrests, or liad retained from exile, an<l hav- 
 ini; taken the oath of allegiance to Britain, had hecn ])er- 
 mitte<i to settle at the 31emranu'ook and Pcticodijic 
 rivers, at St. Mary's Bny. and in districts rwar Ann;ij)olirt 
 and Halifax, are intduded. The Indian-- i-oandnir thiouirh 
 the forests, and aloni^ the shores of the province, exclus- 
 ive of (lapc Breton, numbered, accdrdin^ to the Indian 
 mode of computation, three hundred ' tight inii; men' 
 of the Micmac. and one hundred and forty of the 'mH- 
 ceto tribes. 
 
 Prince Edward Island, known until 177^ as the 
 Island of St, John, was under a separate government, of 
 which Chariot tetown was the Beat. Witli reckless 
 generosity, the British Government had, on one day in 
 the year 17<IT, disposed of the whole island, a few incon- 
 siderable tracts excepted, to a number of persons consi- 
 dered to have claims upon it on the ground of military 
 or other services. The serious results* of this unfortunate 
 act arc well known. A tew English settlei-a had been 
 brought out by the pro]»rietors, but the lai-ger part of 
 the inhabitants were Scotch. These had formed Bcttle- 
 ments at Jtichmond Bay, Princetown, Cove-head, St. 
 Peter's, Cavendish, Georgetown and Tracadie. Including 
 the Acadians who had remained on the island, the 
 number of Protestants and CatholicB was, it is probable, 
 pretty nearly equal. 
 
 The Island of Cape Breton was, at that time, a single 
 
'I 
 
 jy yoi'A .sv7>77j, 
 
 Kil 
 
 ("oiinty of Sovii Sc'otiii. In strariicc contrast willi tlieir 
 j»(»licy in llie neii;lilM»i-in<^ i^lutid, iho liriti.-^li (JovernnirnL 
 hail sle:i<iily re-iiMltiil tlu? iiio.'^i iinjioi'limutt' and i-cpcali'd 
 appeals fop grants of land in Capo liivton. ^'cl, in 
 addition to tiic settlers of Frendi doseent, and tlie Mic- 
 rnai's, witli whom the island had always Iteen a favorite 
 8pot, a nuiubur of settlers of JjiLclish descent were to he 
 found in Capo Uret«)n. The population in 177 I, ineludini,' 
 all classes, nuinbereil IJU. Uf those two thirds were 
 Jionian Catholics. 
 
 AVitli the excepiion of the Acadiuns and Indians, the 
 iidialiitants of Nova Seutia wore nearly all Ti'otestants. 
 The intrigues' t iho iiOnii.>-li priesthood had caused those 
 disputes and conte.sls between tlu' l'r(;\ incial (Jovern- 
 ment and thr des( 'ivIant.T of the early l-'reneh settlers, 
 which had terminaied in the summary expulsion of the 
 latter from t hoi r native land. This fact was not soon 
 iorifottcn by thoso who had to siool their hearts for the 
 l)erforman('o of a deed which it is oa>y tt) call 'cruel' 
 to-day, but wliich, in conseiiuenco of the abuse of the 
 })Ower ])Ossessed by the traitorous French ]>ri<^sts over 
 their unfortunate peoj)le, was, in the view of the most 
 humane of the outnumbered iiritisii settlers of that day, 
 an act of cruel neeessit}'-, and absolute self-defence For 
 many years the British (lovernment would allow no 
 grants of provincial lands to be made to Roman Catho- 
 lics. Under 8U(di circumstances, the inducements to 
 Jioraan Catholics to seek a home in Xova Scotia were 
 few. 
 
 The number of spii'itual laborers amon^ the thousands 
 of Protestants, scattered over the ])rovince, was small. 
 The Society for the l*roj)agation of the Gospel in Fvvreign 
 Pai'ts had, from an early period of its history, sent out 
 missionaries and teachers, for whose support the g(jvern- 
 
 t ■ 
 
 nil 
 
i 
 
 102 
 
 JH STORY OF JfKT/rODISJr 
 
 nient hud mado pni'tial prcjvisioii by grants of land. At 
 this period, Di*. .I')lin Breynloii hd)ored uiKk-r llu* 
 dii'cctioii ol' the Society at Halifax ; I'eter De Ui i'orhc 
 at Jiiinenliiiri^ ; John I'laijlesou at Tort C'unil)erlaii<l ; 
 and William I"]llis at Windsor. Ik'sides tlu'sc, woie 
 Jacolj Hailey at ( 'ornwallis without a])])ointnicnl; ^lathn* 
 Bvles, Ji'., otHciating niinister to the troops at Halifax ; 
 and Joseph Hennel, who, worn down by toil and 
 exjiosurc while doing tlie work oi'a visiting missionaiy. 
 as reported to the Society as 'disordered in bodj' and 
 
 w 
 
 mind ' lit Windsoi* 
 
 rheoi)hilus DesUrisav' labored 
 
 ^y 
 
 alone in the 
 
 and of St. John. 
 
 Nearly ail the setllei-s I'rom Xcw England wei'C 
 Congregationalists. Fi-om the settlement of th[it ])art 
 of America liy the Pilgrim fathers, Congregationalism 
 had been the established form of religion in all llie 
 colonies, lihode Island excepted. Churches werebiiili. 
 and ministers were supj)orted, aecoi-ding to law. Having 
 ol>tained satisfaetoiy guai'antees for freedom of worship, 
 the settlers from the older eoloines. u])on their ai-rival at 
 their new homes, formed a number of ehurehcs of t la- 
 Congregational order. The Ik'volutionary war, now 
 drawing to a elose, had exeiled a disasti'ou? 
 
 "J 
 
 dl 
 
 s iTitiuence 
 
 )on these ehurches. Sympathy with the revolted 
 colonists had led many of the members of them back lo 
 their former homes. In some cases the pastors liad 
 accompanied them. Israel (vheever, between whom arul 
 the church at liiverjiool. the pastoral i-elation was about 
 to be dissolved; Aaron Bancroft, father of the well- 
 known American histoi-ian of that name, at Yarmouth ; 
 Jonathan Scott at Chel)ogue ; John Fi-ost. at Argyle; 
 Asahel Morse at Annapolis and Gi'anville; and (leorgo 
 
 ** Aikin's ' Skotcli of the Kise and Progress of the Church of 
 Enjihincl in Nova Scotia.' 
 
 vi 11 
 
nil 
 
 /xY XOVA SrOTTA. 
 
 in;', 
 
 Neooo 
 
 mbe, 
 
 pi'cviou 
 
 'ly 
 
 111 ( 
 
 ha 
 
 I'iro 
 
 of tl 
 
 10 oonirvcirJ^tioii 
 
 .1 
 
 a 
 
 It 
 
 re 
 
 hi 
 
 woi'shippitig in the ' Protcslant DissoritiiiL^ ^leetiiiii; 
 House/ al'terwui'cls known as St. Matthew's, at Halifax, 
 were the only ministei's of the hody I'emaining in the 
 jn'ovince, !)aneroft ivturncil to Massachusetts in ITSli, 
 These men were ill-ealculated to cope with the " Xew- 
 light' movement, which aljout this ])Oriod bci^^an to 
 spread like ' wild-tire.' Few of tlic C'oni^^re.j^utional 
 
 chui'chcs t>urvived the storm, and these, with one or two 
 exceptions, maintained only a shattered ])Osition. 
 
 The Presbyterian ministers of Scotland were slow to 
 follow theii' countrymen who souglit homes in the new 
 world. The earnest and eloipicnt ap])cals of James 
 Macgregor to his brethren in Scotland at a latei- period, 
 mii,dit be quoted in suj>})ort of this statement. He liim- 
 self did not Ijeu^in liis apostolic laiiours until sevei'al 
 years after the jieriod under review. At this time, how- 
 ever. .James Murdoch fr<im Ireland, was preachini;' at 
 Windsor and Ilorton, and occasionally extendinsi; his 
 labors to other parts of the province, while David Smith 
 at Londonderry, and J)anicl Cock at Truro, were dili- 
 gently ministering to their own congregations, and, at 
 intervals, to those in more destitute circumstances. Hrtiin 
 Komcas Commingo iias by some been called a Presby- 
 terian. That he wjis a Probytei'ian may be d(ju bted. 
 C'alled from Ins home at Chester, after fruitless ap])Iica- 
 tion had been made at l*hiladel[)hia for a (Jcrman pastor, 
 he had been ordained in duly. ITT*), at the Protestant 
 Dissenting Meeting House at Halifax, to the }»astoral 
 care of the Dutch Reformeil church at j^uneidiurg, both 
 Presbyt"'rians and Congi-egationalists taking jiart in the 
 oi'dination services. At the ]»eriod under review, be was 
 prosecuting his work at Lunenburg with ' great zeal and 
 no little success.' 
 
10-i 
 
 JTISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 i 
 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 
 According to the Baptint historian, but one Baptist 
 church then existed in the Province. This was not a 
 ]')apList cliurch after the ' straitest sect.' It had admitted 
 Congregationalists into its membership, and in the second 
 year of its existence had adopted the open-communion 
 })rinciples of the English Baptists. This church, at 
 Ilorton, was under the pastoral care of Nichohis Pearson. * 
 Under the training of Henry Alline, John Payzant, 
 Al line's brother-in-law, and Thomas Handley Chipman, 
 were then beginning their ministerial career. The former 
 became pastor of the Congregational church at Liver- 
 pool, where he died in April, 18o4; the latter lived to bo 
 one of the ' gray-haired fathers' of the "Baptist Church of 
 1 he Lower Provinces. 
 
 At the close of 1781, the progress of the * Xewlight' 
 movement was thieatening to shako the churches of 
 Nova Scotia to their very foundations. Henry Alline, 
 the acknowledged leader of the ' Newlights,' was pursu- 
 ing his vocation of stirring up the churches, with a zeal 
 concerning which ditlerent opinions may be entertained 
 by dilt'ei'ont parties. This man, who attracted a large 
 share of attention during his lifetime, and who set in 
 motion a wave of religious influence, the force of which 
 is yet sensibly felt throughout the Lower Provinces, was 
 born at Newport, Phodc Island, in 1748, and, at the age 
 of twelve, was brought by his parents to Falmouth, Nova 
 Scotia. At an early age ho became the subject of 
 very strong religious impressions. Pear of death and 
 judgment constantly haunted him. During twenty years 
 he lived a miserable life, under the terrors of the law and 
 the lash of an accusing conscience. Ho had reached his 
 twenty-seventh birthday before he obtained any light, or 
 learned to hope in any degree in Christ. Through the 
 
 ■' Cramp's 'History of thu Baptists.' 
 
IN NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 105 
 
 in 
 
 tis 
 
 a 
 
 rs 
 
 lis 
 lor 
 he 
 
 prayerful Htiidy of the Tiible, and the i-cading of roli<i;ious 
 books, he then obtainetl more correct views respcclinLT 
 his own sinfiihicsH, and the disposition of God to save the 
 repenting sinner. AVhen enabled, by divine help, to rest 
 firmly upon the atonement of Jesus Christ, his joy, in the 
 possession of pardon, became as great as his depression, 
 under a sense of guilt, liad previously been. 'Oh! the 
 astonishing wonders of Ilis grace/ he exclaimed, 'and the 
 ocean of redeeming love. Millions and millions of praise 
 to His name! And oh! the unspeakable wisdom and 
 beauty of the glorious plan of life and salvation.' Soon 
 after his conversion he wenttoCornwallis to take passage 
 for New England, to obtain, if possible, the education 
 necessary to enable him to preach the Gospel. Unable 
 to obtain a passage, he rcturiied to Falmouth, and soon 
 after commenced to address his nciii:hl)ors and friends. 
 For some time he confined his labours to the neighborijig 
 townships. Thence he extended his journeys through- 
 out the province, visiting all the English-speaking 
 settlements, and laboring with all his enei'gies until 
 August, 178^}, when he sailed from AViudsor for New 
 England. He never returned, but finished his course 
 with joy at Northampton, New Hampshire, on February 
 2nd, 1784, at the early age of thirty-six. 
 
 Alline has been severely denounced for the rude 
 manner in which he broke in upon the settled congrega- 
 tions of that day. To those who have made themselves 
 familiar with the early religious history of Nova Scotia, 
 his disposition to disturb existing ecclesiastical 
 relations, however reprehensible under ordinary circum- 
 stances, affords small cause for surprise. The statement 
 which AVesley, in spite oi'his preposessionfor the Church 
 of England, made to the liishop of London respecting the 
 nUnisters of the Episcopal Church sent to America, has 
 
 • 
 
 
l> i 
 
 !f I 
 
 ill 
 
 *' 
 
 i 
 
 km; 
 
 jnSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Ijcon quoted on a ])rcviouH page. The liare Htatistios. 
 Avhicli, in nearly all cases, convey the reports of llu' 
 missionaries to the Society under the auspices of which 
 Ihey laboured, are sui^^ixeslive ofa lack of tluit knowledtcc 
 whi(di aims at leadinij; men beyond the mere sj-niboW of 
 salvation to the Saviour irimsell". Prcsbylerianism kicked 
 that life and fervor which arc now makinf^ it, in many 
 districts of the in'ovince, second to none of the Churclies 
 in ai!;irressivo zeal. The ])resence of tlie ^foderalism 
 'cold as Orion,' then in the ascendant in the Church of 
 Scotland, cost tlic Presbyterian Churcli at an early per- 
 iod of her history in ISova Scoti i, the loss of man}' famil- 
 ies, who have since exerted a powerful influence in otlier 
 evanii^elical branches of the cliurch of Christ. The 
 absence of relii^aous life in the Congregational churches 
 of New England, about this period, is a matter of history. 
 The adoption by some of them of the half-way covenant, 
 aptly called ' the outer court provision foi' an unregener- 
 ate Christianity,' had despoiled them of spiritual power ; 
 and ilio breaking down of the fence of discipline had en- 
 couraged looseness in practice. The churches of the 
 Congi'cgational order in Nova Scotia, being closely 
 connected with those of New England, and wholly de- 
 pendent upon them for pastors, partook too decjd}' of 
 the influences ]u*evalent at head-fjuarters. Social services 
 were rarel}'^ held. An entry made in his journal on a 
 Sabbath evening, in February, 1^82, by one of the 
 ' solid' men of Liverpool, prominent in the management of 
 the n)ld Zion' Congregational church of that town, may 
 be cpioted. 'A religious meeting was held,' he writes, 
 ' at my house in the evening ; a large concourse of people, 
 I believe nearly one hundred and fifty attended ; which is 
 till of late a very strange thing in this place, such a meet- 
 ing having scarcely been known since the settlement of 
 it, till since Mr. Alline wus here.' 
 
fX XOVA SCOT [A. 
 
 in; 
 
 The (listiirltuncc of olomcnls. (•(Min(>fto(l In loo mniiy 
 instiincos as icicles. :ttul not fused by llic wuniith of love 
 to a coiniiion Saxioiii", was iiot unneces^arv. I''e\v nu-u 
 could have acc()iii])lislied the work better than Alline. 
 To the one extreme oi' coUl reli^'ious doct rine. he o])])os 
 
 (j(i the otliei" extreme of 'fcolinii;. 
 
 His reliu-ion was a 
 lie 
 
 rolii,qon of feclinii'. IFis writinu's glow with it, 
 assumed the rapture he had ex})erienced at his entiance 
 U])on the new life to be a suitable test of his own reliii,'i- 
 ous life, and of that of others. In his public addresses lie 
 appealed to the feelini.cs of his hearers. II 
 
 e dwelt uiton 
 
 the i;-reatness and ^dory of Christ. .II is eompassinn. His 
 liumiliation. II is bleedini!; love, Ilisjoyin savin<^ sinners ; 
 oi'. moiirnini^ over the insensibility of those whom he ad- 
 <ires>ed, sought to alarm tliem into feeling. Ilis tracdv 
 layout of the beaten T»ath of that day. He enforced his 
 teachings with alfection ai\d earnestness. It was evi- 
 dent that he ' profoundly felt what he diligently tauglit'. 
 Through all his tolls and liardships, he exhibited an 
 
 elevated cheerfulness and 
 
 ,i«y 
 
 IFe was a trood sinmM-, and 
 
 fervent in prayer. The early XewMight j)i'eaclie'--, most 
 of whom wei"e converted under AUine's ministiy, resem- 
 liled their leader. Su(di men pa.ssing from .settlement to 
 setilemcnt, as if impelled i»y a s])ecies of religious 
 knight-errantry, could not fail to make an impression. 
 Viewed in themselves, the results of their vi-its were 
 in cei'tain cases ])ainful. Families were divided; neigh- 
 bors became o])posed to each other; pastoi'S prea(died and 
 p)ublislicd in vain endeavor to stem the tide, and failing, 
 submitte<l to the inevitable; old church organizations 
 w^cre broken down, and new organizations setu]) in their 
 places. Allinedidnot always discriminate. Jlis irenius 
 titled him to destroy rather than to build n\K Some- 
 times he 'broke in" upon and (5catteredchurchespos.sessing 
 
 ,1 "r 
 
 1 
 
 St 
 
lOS 
 
 JIISTORY OF METJIODLSM 
 
 I 
 
 no small decree of spiritual life. To disturb the clumbers 
 of tlio rhui'clu's and arouse llioni to active effort, >eemod 
 to be hi> vcK-ation. VViien he had jierfornied his work, 
 the Master called liini home, and entrusted the woi-k to 
 others better titted to build up Ilin people in their • most 
 holy faith.' To human eyes, a longer ])eriod of labor 
 must have been ])roduetive ol" injurious results. He closed 
 his services in Novu Scotia, by kneeling down upon the 
 wharf at "Windsor, and olfering a fci-vent prayer fur his 
 adoj)tod land ; after which he went on board the vessel 
 that was to bear him away to Xew England, to die. ' It 
 liappened,' says a writer, to whose pen we are indebted 
 foran excellent sketch of AUine's career, -in Nova Scotia, 
 as in New lOngland. First, there was torpor. Then the 
 shock of newly discovered ti-uth. Then agitation 
 and alarm. Then separation with dislike and heart- 
 burnings. Then a rushing into extremes, on this side 
 and on that. Then reconsideration. The whole resulting 
 in the restored recognition of the vital elements of the 
 (lospel, with a return to the decency and order of Gospel 
 institutions. Henry Alline was emj)lr)yed by God in the 
 ])roduction of the earlier processes; we have to do with 
 the later.' i" 
 
 It is well for the memory of Alline, and for the 
 spiritual interests of the public, that the productions of 
 his ])en have become mere litei-ary curiosities. While 
 it is evident that his heart was sound, it is not equally 
 evident that his head was clear. The Antinomian 
 tendencies of some of his teachings rendered them 
 exceedingly dangerous, and counteracted much of his 
 usefulness. ' His religious tenets,' remarks the bio- 
 grapher of William Jilack, * were fragments of ditlerent 
 system < without coherence, and without an}' mutual 
 
 Rev. J. Davis, in ' Memoirs of Harris Harding,' p. 43. 
 
ry xovA sroTiA. 
 
 KM 
 
 c 
 y 
 .n 
 
 lo- 
 
 Int 
 
 lal 
 
 ivlation or dependence. AVith the strong asseit ion of 
 man's freedom as a moral a,u:ent, he eonneded tlio 
 doelrinc of the final perseverance of tlie saints. lie 
 alleL'ori'ed to such excess the phiinest narratives and 
 annoiiiiecments of Sf'ri|)ture, tliat tlie obvious and unsu- 
 jthislif-atcd import of the words of inspiration was oi'ten 
 lost amidst the reveries of mysticism. lie IkM the 
 writiniT"' of William Law in high estimation ; and 
 associated some of the most extravagant views of that 
 author, with others of a kindred nature, which appeal" to 
 have been peculiar to himself. It is but justice to add,' 
 says the same writer, "that amidst all his exti-ava- 
 gances of ojjinion, his eminent and uniform ])iety entitle 
 him to be ranked with those mystics whom Dr. llaweis 
 thus eulogi-es in his Church History : ' Among those 
 called mystics, I am persuaded, some were found who 
 loved G<xl out of a pure heart fervently ; and though 
 they were ridiculed and reviled for pro])osing a disin- 
 terestedness of love without other motives, and as 
 profe-sing to feel in the enjoyment of the temper itself, 
 an abundant reward, their holy find heavenly conversa- 
 tion will carry a stamp of religion upon it.' 
 
 2\'o distinct organization now exists as the result of 
 the workof Ailine, and of those of his converts who went 
 forth into the ministry as his colleagues. To them and 
 to their followers was applied the appellation of ' New- 
 lights, a term originally used to designate those })crsons, 
 converted under the ministry of Whitfield in Xew 
 England, who refused to connect themselves with the 
 churches of the day, because of their admissi(m to the 
 privileges of church-membership, of those who gave no 
 satisfactory evidence of conversion. Alline's followers 
 were organized into communities having some resem- 
 blance to Congi-egationalist churches; but like Whitfield, 
 
iTii 
 
 
 III' ' 
 
 110 
 
 jiisTonv OF jfirnwJKisJi 
 
 AUiiu' ]):ii<l little attention t(j the niaintenanee of discip- 
 liiK- 1)1' Older. None of these coinniunities exist al the 
 present day. Of tho>e whose ties to the churelu'S of 
 that day were sundered, or who were awakeiieil and h-d 
 to("hi'i-t through Aliine"s nunistiy, some became liie 
 leading' men of the early .Methodist churches, hut tlie 
 lai'i;'er number of the early Xewlii^Jit preacliers and theii- 
 adiierents gradually adopted the i)eculiar views oi' ihe 
 close-communion I3a[)tists, with whom Alline, de,>])isinu: 
 lo a lar<j,e degree the forniH of I'eligion, and holding b;i])- 
 tinm b>' any mode in small esteem, could iu>t have hel<l 
 fellowshii*. 
 
 AVhile the Churches of Xova Scotia were in this state 
 of ferment. William HUndc began in earnest Ids itinei-- 
 ant life. S)>ecial <iualitications were rendered indispen- 
 sable bv the cii'cumstances of the times. It is evi<lent 
 tlitit these were possessed by IMack in a high degree. 
 Though a diligent student of the word of (lod, 
 lie wa> not, in the strictest sense of the term, a 
 theologian; his mind was too practical in cast to 
 permit him to be an adept at ' hair-splitting.' 
 Of drv. technical theology, and of morality dissev- 
 ered from the cross of Christ, the pnblic had had 
 too much. A reaction against such teaching had set in ; 
 and many were inwardly saying, ' Sir, we would sec 
 Jesus.' Concerning the disease and the great Physici;in, 
 Black could speak from personal experience. A good 
 common education enabled him to utter his message 
 with freedom and with force, while tiic loving spirit in 
 which he adilrcssed his hearers won their hearts. lie 
 evinced less of feeling in his discourses than Alline, yet 
 it is evident from a glance at his early records of itinerant 
 toil that he placed a very high estimate upon his own 
 jieculiar feelings, and upon the manifestation of feeling 
 
^^^' -"^^OTA SroTlA. 
 
 ^vcrc in. sympathy, ,^1. m, " ^•''■'•^•^ "Hiearors m-Iu. 
 
 ••iui Jiis vagaries "-^ ^''^'"-■'iiie.'ss, 
 
 ""''^■"'"^"- 11 is thus „-ki ^ ' ''"'"'■■>■ '■' •■' ■^i"-io 
 ""■ ''"-- ''■■ovine ;,:^',: "?"'^' '"■•^'^-"-■1;-. 
 
 ''"^k left his h„„,e., .i,h,^'' :'''•'■' ''"■ "'"'■-' 
 
 ''■"Vi»ion l,a,| |„.,„ ' '"- Uurol,. >,•„ ,,„„„,,, 
 
 "'"-M.™mi«e, ■ny k,.o J T """'^ ' ''^'''-l Him,,lv 
 
 ivti.-ociiac. .ivo, p,-«K.w .:',;'?■'"' '"'^ ■^"■i'^ '■' "'■ 
 
 '^"'■' LHWr«„«,, ,s..,,kvilK" in, T '" ''" ^'"«''^'' "' 
 "f tl.c 'ninist,yreccivo,J at 1. 1 "■"*""' '" "»' "-fHc 
 
 —..1 il-ood„n, a,Kl Z^, " ;;f -, 1--1K.„ „.ith 
 
 <"• the "ei«hbo;.|,„„„. ' u„ i ' •'"'^'«'"- "-i'i. . ia. ,„„,,,„ 
 "-- 'i«,.>y a,reet,,,. o, . ' ! r'"'"*-' -"»"" -nv 
 <ned aloud liu- meirv To / ""'™'^ "'' ""■ .lc^•ii■ 
 
 «i»c.k- ,bit o„n.dou. o< f ":;,; ™ "'" ^-'llow,-,,.',,,.^, 
 
 '>e word had 'lake,, doc'p ^ , ' '""■"-''■^■"' "'"^ 
 
 I^-'-sto, ,„a„,. Mvx...^ rl :, "T'^' '"""'■^•' A. 
 "f the time At .Saoh-i,,';, ''■'"'' ""^ »■'•)" '"".Ht 
 
 II 
 
II i '■ 
 
 'i 
 
 112 
 
 irrsTo/n' of metiiodtsm 
 
 M 
 
 <lecj)ly convliK'0(l ; some siiid thoir hejirts were nlmr.>t 
 broken uixlcr a sense of llicir ^vant ol" Christ;' while 
 some ' olheivs who caine with heavv hearts, returned 
 home i^reatly rejoieiii*;.' After a |»rofilable Joiii-iiey, 
 dining wliieh 'in the eoiirsc of eiL;hteen days" lie had 
 preached Iweuty-fbur sermons, he reached Amherst. 
 
 On his return, IJlaek ibuud that the natiii-al result^ 
 of the teaehinii;s ofAllinoand his colleague were being 
 developed. The commandmejits of (Jod were rcgai'dd 
 by some as ' scarecrows.' The ellbrt to enforce 
 them upon the conscience was loolced upon as ])i'oof ot 
 ignorance oi the gospel of Jesus. Some were proj)ared to 
 maintain that no believer could make shipwreck of 
 faith ; and that not even the commission of the sin of 
 ' falsehood or dmnkenncss,' could be charged against the 
 Ix'liever. ' It is not strange,' as Black remarks, ' that 
 many sucked in the poison aa if it had been the marrow 
 of the gospel.' For a period of six weeks, he conlincd 
 his labors to Amherst, Fort Law^rence, Point de Ihite, and 
 Sackville, sorely grieved at the pros])ect of separation, 
 which seemed inevitable; and with sorrow note in his 
 journal that two of the leaders, and several of the leading 
 members, including some who had loved him ' as the 
 apple of their eye,' had been so far led away as to 
 employ all their power in the maintenance of their 
 peculiar opinions. 
 
 The next four weeks wore more happily spent. Early 
 in January, 1782, he set off with a friend to visit again 
 the settlements between Amherst andthePeticodiac river. 
 The greater part of the journey was accomplished on 
 snow shoes. At the French village, ' a little straw for a 
 beil, and two yards of a vrrai)per to cover them,' during 
 one of the coldest nights of the winter, caused him and 
 his fellow traveller to feel the cold severely. But the 
 
.'Oil 
 
 •^•''MllMl; 
 
 't^'^-'l' <iist/ 
 
 AY SorA SrOTlA. 
 
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 <";•""<! call at /vn;,,, 
 
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 IC 
 
 'J'l- villa. 
 
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 tl 
 
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 ':'.^l"''vc.l iov anoll 
 
 
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 "•" ;"•' llM- (nnl / 
 
 '^'y'>'"iu-t"van,n-,.|i.st ( 
 
 111/) 
 
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 'omc'iit 
 
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 '^'.i4- visikvj tl,o dim. 
 
 Vivo J', s 
 
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 '^'^•^"'••-iJ u'lio had I 
 
 *"'"'^''', l»e rotun.c'd to f| 
 
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 'i3i'n inlro- 
 
 10 J'eti 
 
 i""^-^-^""^ yi^h 1,0 found 
 *^eal and I 
 
 11 
 
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 ^uvmhcvs of ih^, 1 
 
 i/'c. Tl 
 
 JH'i'i l()u>- pa.wsaj^re I 
 
 "'^''•t'asod .satislact 
 
 'IJ'o t'liurcl 
 
 \o. 
 
 1 at 
 
 iaithj 
 
 ^VC0lvS fnUo^x 
 
 »;;' ••^'turned to Amherst 
 
 ;.^*^^atoOinnherland,Md 
 
 ion. 
 
 After 
 
 ''c'l tested I 
 
 Jand. Til 
 
 "'.^^^v<-'vs},ent with tl 
 
 .^"^''0l)thot'.V,,,iI, Tl 
 
 ^••'"•^es than those 
 por])lex Blael, 
 ^^'<-^''o iew in minil 
 '^''Je of cojidiietii; 
 
 ^T^veiv weeks of minified 
 
 '^' ■societies ii, ('„,„, 
 
 us 
 
 <' >i\' 
 
 P''C-vioiisl 
 
 j'>yand SOI 
 
 ii»er. 
 
 ■I'OH'. OtI 
 
 mind SO] 
 
 •olr. 1 
 
 •CI' 
 
 , il s 
 
 til 
 
 •''t^i'viees, it J 
 of 
 
 puhl 
 
 I ^'^^'^t'oned consjdivd 
 <^''--sons suitable for I 
 Jnnnlxu' wer 
 
 ^mall 
 
 '^^ '^f vices; and laek of 
 
 lec 
 
 fo 
 
 eadecs 
 'e caj)- 
 
 private nicans of 
 
 '^'« "'>t seldom l^ea fbuud 
 
 1)11 M 
 
 ic 
 
 >vas manit;>st. Jfe had to 
 
 p''';^'<3. The result of .el 
 
 Jea<ls to neu-lect 
 
 ^'^'•^ oi mifaithfuln 
 
 J-eliiCious to 
 
 ]i 
 
 ess 
 
 '-5 
 
 ^»^>"i-" over individual 
 
 a])]tih- varied, M 
 
 '^"".i;- 111 Avholo cl 
 
 i'»'i .still mor 
 
 '^ ovei' tho d 
 
 l.i^-IOUs stj'if, 
 
 install- 
 
 ''^^^'^- Yet th 
 
 GV'.iy ,)f 
 
 Jiot run in vain 
 
 ^"y ^vore the witnesses tl 
 
 as 
 
 !l)ect w 
 
 a!i 
 
 ^^'>;v added Mavy Gay, tl 
 vi deacon of tl,.w v 
 
 "^'itliej- labored 
 
 "1 vain. 
 
 '•it ' iie had 
 
 ^''>nof thcOonir,.ei,.at 
 
 lodauirliterof 31 
 
 To those A\- 
 if^in Gav, J< 
 
 •dH 
 
 ''- "^ J^/b, Jiad removed 
 
 s<7 
 
 e com- 
 
 (^ 
 
 
11 
 
 HI STORY or MF/niODJSM 
 
 l^osioii to Nova Scolia. naviiiij cxpci IciiccmI convtM'sIon 
 iiiiil-'i" :i sorinoii |trc;icli('(l liy Black, tliis voiini,^ l.-nlv. 
 ill ilic l;i('(! of st I'oiiLf o|»jK)sili(>n from a (|narl(>r uliidi 
 i'i'n(li'ru(l opposition peculiarly piiiiil'iil, and uilli a <K' 
 ci^iiiu wliic'li never vacillalcil, look- np licr pnsilion as a 
 Cliristian. Two years latci' she liecanie t lie wH'e ol iJJack. 
 
 The i?ihahitanls of Cunihei'land county were accii — 
 (oni •([ at that day (o >peak ol' NVindsor, Newport, {'"ai- 
 nioi.lh, and otlier ]ilaccs adjacent, as the ' lowei' towii>.' 
 'W) the ' lower towns,' Black, lielit'vini/; hlni.>elt' jn'ompted 
 !>}• ;i divine conxiction, resolved in the spring' oflTSli, to 
 carry the messan'e entrusted to him. I'^or this |)urpo>e 
 he I ft Amherst lor Windsor on tlu> 'I'lwA of May. His 
 inte KJed route is deserilied hy a ' ehroniclei-' of that day, 
 in a >lceteh of tlie province. 'On the south side of ( "hii;'- 
 nt'cto l^asin is tlu' Biver Jleltert, so called l»y the Avix 
 ditiis. It is navij^'ahle for hoats to its head, twelve 
 iiiiks; and irom tlience hy land 'tis twenty-four nules 
 to .Miiias Ba.sin, where a ferry is established to Windsor. 
 distance thirty miles. Tins is the road travellers take 
 in ^oinc; from Halifax to (.'uniherhind. 'Tis nineteen 
 \\\\\(> from Jliver llebert to Cumherland.' Jilack entei-- 
 ed u[»onthii ji urnoy 'deeply dejoeted.' A strong- eou- 
 vietiou of duty alone jireveiited him from turning; hack. 
 The [)acket haviiiii; sailed for Windsor before liis arrival 
 at Partridge Island, he was n;lad to embrace an oppor- 
 tunity which soon presented itself of ])roceeding hy the 
 wav of Cornwallis. In this more circuitous route, he 
 afterwards recognized his providential path. Gideon 
 Sherman, Esq., of Cornwallis, cordially received and 
 entertained him. The Ba])tists of that townsliip, through 
 their adoption of tlie practice of open communion, were 
 prejiarcd to give him a hearty Chi-istian welcome, and 
 to invito him, without any mental reservation, to occu- 
 
IX 
 
 x<n'A Hrorr. 
 
 vy n 
 
 w 
 
 ""'■'' i""]''^^"'flH. U.nVsA: 
 
 "'"■ I'^'(]ll0sf, I 
 
 IC (i 
 
 W 
 (1 
 ] 
 
 Tl 
 
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 f 
 
 i''l ill (lu, , 
 
 II 
 
 CO 
 
 "' "''I"VssioN ,.,-<„I,H.e,| 
 
 iior/iij 
 
 mj.I 
 
 l.'IIIC 
 
 Hi 
 
 Mil/, 
 
 ',i4N ai'tcni 
 
 iiii< 
 
 '''■''"•'""" of I'ni.I, < / ,, 
 
 ;niiMi 
 
 ><^'''^"iii.-|,( i„ ,|| 
 
 '- .V'>II, SMVc.J 
 
 C((M' 
 
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 ooii aii.l 
 
 nun 
 
 CM 
 
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 "^■<' li is only I 
 ""ni sJioiiM 
 
 y (I 
 
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 "'.^■"(Icii S 
 
 liol 
 
 ovcd (/i,. 
 
 !(•(• 
 
 o 
 
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 U')|.f,| 
 
 losocvci' I, 
 
 '."■"■'"''■'' ""•■■'-'.''nMv,,,,,;, '■.'"■"'•■■'I'''"'- i.'/is „; 
 
 ■'.'■■'•'■''■■ ''"I" '- 1/..H,,,, .■'"■■■ """i'--i<m, 
 
 "'"' '■■'"-'""1, lon-oMcv •,;, ■ ""'"''''^ '" «J'«./c 
 
 •••;>: M-u in u,„ ft,,,„-,, ,,,„ ™ •^". HM,n,,,,.,„ ,, „,^. 
 
 At "Windsor, wiioro Til..r i 
 """ ••' i-la^-s. Tl,c loa.Ie,- of '.'"'''■^'^ ^*'''""i J.« foj-,,,,,, 
 
 ;-:;y :-<• v,.,.,,,, ,■„ ^X^Z^:; •'?'- «'"<<-. /«:' 
 
 ^ ">™ in August 17-18. ITL ' '"■'" '"■^'••"•''"J 
 
 tlomon of that nlaoo ul, , ""I"""' "f "omo ..,.„ 
 
 ■"- «% mile. 0. a Jnai^' ' ^ "-;!;■"-. -.«<- ^.L^. 
 
 >,.i fourth ,cmo«, in (ho 
 
I! i 
 
 4 
 
 ni 
 '111 I 
 
 IIG 
 
 HISTORY OF 2IETII0TJ1SM 
 
 mui 
 
 'k(.'t ]>lace()f that town, to ' u ,i;Teat multitude of peo- 
 
 1 
 
 ')lc, ifatliorod toirethcr at a t'cw minutes warnim 
 
 It 
 
 thenceibrtli became one of liis reii'ular ]>reaeliinf;- ])laee<, 
 when in the eonnty. Ai'tin- pi-eaeliini!; thcu'e in 17')7, lie 
 wrote in his Journal : 'i tind in ;ill these parts a solid. 
 serious people, quite sim]>le of heart. stranii;ers to various 
 o])inions, and seekini:; onl}' the faith which worketh hy 
 love.' The Methodist eha])el huilt at Yarm in 17t>4. h.e 
 calls ' by far tlie most elei;;ant in lOngland.' Michael 
 Smith had l»een one of the lii'st in Yarm to open his 
 liouse to Wesley, Nelson, Puwson, Manners and othei' 
 itinerants who visited that part of Yorkshire. For this 
 he sutiered not a little persecution, .lohn, his son, when 
 about the age of nineteen, was coiwinced of his need 
 of salvation, but afraid of having his name ' cast out as 
 evil,' hesitated to malce that surrender of self, which 
 must precede the conscious possession of peace with (4od, 
 After having continued for a year in a state of iKNitatifm 
 and doubt, he was one day. when v/alking alone. ])o\ver- 
 fully impressed by the appeal of Joshua, 'IIow long halt 
 ye between two o])inions ?' The a])))lica.tion of this ques- 
 tion to his conscience l)y the Jloly Spirit led him to im- 
 mediate decision. Kaving obtained forgiveness he went 
 on his way rejoicing, and never looked back, ' I was 
 born,' he wrote with hapjiy deliniteness, as lie a)t])roach- 
 cd the borderland; 'I was born in Yarm, April 17, 1741. 
 old style; and, blessed be God, T was born again Febru- 
 ary 3rd, 1701 ; and about three years after I exjierienced 
 the sanctifying grace of (fod.' He had more than onco 
 acted as precentor for Wesley, when the latter had 
 preached in the market place of his native towji. In his 
 later days, he Avas accustomed to tell, with an old man's 
 pride, how on such occasions, Wesley, "who liad little ])a- 
 tience with slow singing, would tap liimon the shoulder, 
 
7iv xovA sroriA. 
 
 117 
 
 1. 
 
 •u- 
 
 :k1 
 
 
 and say, ' Faster, Jolm.' As precentor, he liad oecujiied 
 a seat liesidetlK! preacher, in llie })ulpit ol" tli<3 chureli so 
 mueli admired h_v AW'sicy. J lis wile, who had Im-uii 
 broii^dit lip in \\\c Church of FiUi^'huid. was convince*! of 
 sin iitKk'r a sei'inon hy Jolm Nelson, and assured of i)ai'- 
 don under another hy John Manners. The ditticulty of 
 maintainini;' an increasing fandly, led him lo ivi^ard with 
 i'avor the ])roposals foi' emigraiion to Xova Scotia, ])ul)- 
 lished ahout 1T7<*, in Yorkshire. With his family, lio 
 embarked at Sunderland in AEay, ITTH, an'! in Au^-ust 
 follo^vinii; took possession of his farm at Xewpoi't. Ifeniy 
 Alline visited them at their new home, but tailed to 
 weaken their strong' attachment to .Methodist doctrine 
 and discipline. Nearlv sixty years after his removal to 
 Newpoi't, cheered by the fact that in a [)art of the ]tro- 
 A'iiice Avhei'c he had once stood alone, several Methotlist 
 cliurches had been erected, and numerous societies tbi'in- 
 ed. into which all his childi'en on earth, and many of his 
 fj'iends liad been gathered, while his wife and three chil- 
 dren waited 'across the river' to welcome Jiim to the 
 ranks of ' the shiiung ones,' he lu'ard ' the keel upon 
 the shore.' At the close of a Sabbath service in the 
 sanctuary, built on ground which he had given foi- the 
 purpose, a child heard him say as he lingei-ed in the 
 church wdth an old Christian friend, that he had prob- 
 a!»ly attended service there for tlie last time. The child 
 looked u[) with wonder at his remai-k, and at the calm- 
 m-ss with which it was ultert'd. It proved to lie the last 
 tinu'. On the 2r)th of October, 1S2!), he passed to the 
 'church of the tirstd)orn.' The jn-ocuci' at Windsor of 
 a few friends in sym])athy with hi>o\\ii religious opinions, 
 led John Snuth after a time to j>ro])o>(^ the establishment 
 of meetings for prayer and the relation of Christian 
 it3xporicnco, to be iield from house to house on the Sabbath. 
 
m' 
 
 mSm 
 
 m I 
 
 118 
 
 in STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 \i 
 
 AiiK^iig those wlio oj>uned tlioir lioiiscs for lliis ])Ui'])ose, 
 was Mrs. lleniy Scott, of Xcwtowii, in Yorkshire. .Slruit- 
 cnod cii'ciimstance.s and domestic bereavement had led 
 her Jiusbaiid and herself to remove fj-om Cumberland to 
 Windsor. Trials had led to murmiirings.with the usual re- 
 .sult of tlie latter — loss of s])iritual peace. The pros]jerity 
 which followed their j-emoval to Windsor, had led to the 
 induli^'cnce of ])ride, and to a consequent increase of the 
 distance from the lja]»))y })osition they liad once occupied. 
 ^Irs. Scott, however, assented to Mr. Smitli's request to 
 lie allowed to hold meeting's in her house, which stood 
 ii))on the farm generally known as the ' Franklin farm.' 
 From these meetings slie I'caped a rich blessing. Former 
 impressions were revived and strengthened, until they 
 led her again to (/hrist, Avitli the cry ' If I perish, I 
 ])ei-ish.' Thenceforth her life became one of rare Christian 
 excellence, and hei* home, a ])lace to which ministers of 
 the Ofospel were heartily welcomed l»y her, until her 
 removal to an eternal home in 17!)5. ^^ In Mrs. Scott's 
 house, on the evening of the 5th of June, Black preached 
 the lirst Methodist sermon at AVindsor, fnmi ' Figlit the 
 i>'ood fiii-ht of faith,' with 'much liberty.' 'Many,' lie 
 writes, 'were in tears.' The next evening he preached 
 at Newport. Some were pi-ofitetl, but to himself ' it was 
 a dry time.' On Friday he ])reached at M.]-. Chandlei'"s, 
 at Windsor. On the following Sal)bath he ])reached 
 twice in the same village, 'with peculiar ])athos and 
 earnestness.' ' Set these mournei's at liberty,' he])i'ayed, 
 at the conclusion of his tirst Sabbath at Windsoi*. On 
 Tuesday, June 11th, Black reached IFalifax. On that, 
 and the two succeeding days, he preached, lie tells us, 
 ' to a stupid set of peo])le.' ' Few seemed to care for their 
 souls. There was scarce the shadow of religion to be seen,' 
 
 " ' Arminian Magiizine,' 1795, p. 494. 
 
I^^ XOVA SrOTTA. 
 
 10 
 
 The stalemciit i'Os])ectini:; tlio inoi'.nl and rcli^irioiiM 
 coiidilioii (»t' that town, wliicli IJlack, a tew days at'ter 
 Ids ai'i'ival in Halifax, placed in his journal, was not the 
 i]n[)atienl eoneliisioii of a disappointed ])reaeliei'. ^Vlline, 
 who n few months eai'lier had visited Jltdifax foi- the 
 ])ur])Ose of puhlishini;" one of his hooks, jvinai'ks in ids 
 joui'iial ; ' Not seeing' an oj)portiinily to })rea(di the (ios- 
 j)el, as J l()nii;ed to do; and liaviiii;' no reli_ii;ious society, 
 though I found two or three Clii'istians thei'e, nuule me 
 almost read}' to sink'. (Jh, how iigi'ieved my soul when 
 there ap])eared ncxU'sire nor room for the (Jospel.' Hhndc's 
 statement is corrohoratod by others, in no wa}' in connec- 
 tiou or sym[)ath}' with himself. .V resident (/f the town 
 wrote, in H'tJO, to the JJev. J)i-. Stiles of r)ost(ui : 'The 
 business of one half the town is to sell rum; the oiiier 
 liaif to driid< it, Vou nui}' iVom this simple circum- 
 stance judge of our morals, and iid'er that we ai'e not 
 enthusiasts in religion.' The excitement of the lievolu- 
 tionar}' war, and the luival and ndlitary imj)ortance of 
 Halifax, had, during sul>se([uent years, exerted an 
 intluenco b}' ncj means calculated to im[)rove tlie m"ral 
 state of the town. ' Unha[>pily,' writes the authoi* of the 
 '• Memoirs of Sir Brenton JIallihurton,' these days v\ere 
 eminently irreligious days. The laxity of sentiment, and 
 the disregard to the (h)ctrine and ])rece])ts of the (Jospel 
 were painfull}' manifest. Xohle exceptions there W( re ; 
 bright spots amid the mui-ky clouds ; refreshing oast'-, in 
 the tlesert. ]5ut the testimony left on record }jy tho>e 
 whose opinion is woilhy of trust, is uiuiinmous that 
 religion was treated with indill'erence by the many; Avith 
 scorn by some and willi revei'cme by liut few. To cite 
 none otlurs, the first iiishop of the J)iocese was so 
 impressed with the fearful condition of tlie community, 
 the general tone of society, and the debasing tendency (jf 
 
120 
 
 mSTOIiY OF MET HOB ISM 
 
 the opinions prevjiilini!;, that he wrole n letlei* to sonio 
 in hi_<:;h i>l}U'es, whic?) is si ill extant, h(>WMiliiiL!," in no 
 measured tenns the terrilde (lei;-eneraey of the day, and 
 ur^'inii; that some stop should he taken lo erect harriers 
 a<i;ainst that imjtetuoiis toiMvnt, ^vhieh. threatened to 
 overwhelm relii;"iou and inoi-alit}',' '■^ 
 
 Black's fourth sermon, ])j'eached at the liousc of Mr.. 
 Wells, awakened ()]»position. 'Mtiiiy mock'^d most of the 
 time, and ke[)t up such a continual noise,' that tow could 
 hear what the preachei- attem])te<l to say. A Sahhalh at 
 AVindsor attbi'ded n ])leasini;- cham^e. The house not heini;' 
 8utticiently largo, the afternoon service was held in Mr. 
 Chandler's orchard. In the evening the tirst love feast 
 was hedd. ' Clod was with us,' writes Black. ' many wept, 
 and others i-ojoicod.' During the week ho returned to 
 Halifax, and on Friday evening preached again at the 
 liouse of Mr. AVells. Tntei'ruption of a blasphemous 
 character during the service, eml)oldoned some on tho 
 followdng evening to attempt further disturbance. 
 Ilaiidfuls of flour, and powder crackei-s were thrown 
 among the people, and tho confusion in(-reasod by threats 
 of the press-gang. Tho services of the Sal)bath were of 
 a more pleasing cliaraeter. Tho 'decorous deportment, 
 and serious attention' of the morning congregation, 
 att'orded a ' pi-osage of better days ;' while indicatiftns of 
 g:)od were perceptible in the coni]»nny to which ho 
 preached in tho aftei'noon at Fort Needham. On tho 
 evening of tho following ^\i\y, a iHimher of jtersons filled 
 three rooms, and others stood at the door of the house of 
 I\rr. 11. Ferguson, while Black explained the nature, and 
 enforced tho necessity of Christian disci])leshi]). Though 
 some of tho ruder sort had hooted ut tho preacher on his 
 way to the place of preaching, tho utmost decorum was. 
 
 1- Hill's ' Memoir of Sir Brenton Halliburton,* p. G2. 
 
-W' A-Or.i HOOTfA. 
 
 
 ''•■■'iiKMincl tl,rou..l,o„l ,1 '"^ 
 
 l'»«'-'''lul lime. A "■'"^'"'^■- ' J5oll,/ 1,,, ,,,.'■■' "•'> ''^■ 
 
 ^•■""-«' of Louisl.,,,, '" "; " '^- '" '"'d "»..i.si».o.l at ti f 
 ;''l-:^.^ion, ..o,.o n,adc:';t : rr"' ""'' ''-1' "<-■ i 
 
 ;;.''"..-lf. an.1 to ».„;;:"■'-'-. P-vo,l iw,i 
 
in 
 
 i 
 
 
 V22 
 
 JJISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 |»i'iiu'i|)K' which ('Dili i'oIUmI his pi-ivatc lilV, c-iiuhh-il liim 
 
 liriii aii'l l•l)ll^(•i(■ntil)us as a inaLri.-ti-alf 
 
 III 1 
 
 lis 
 
 olliicial position lio allordod a rai-c (.'XainpU' <»f raithfiilm-ss 
 ti) Uu' hiw'.s ol'his I'oiintiT. :iii"l of |»i-ojk'1" iv;;:ii'il lo the 
 ti'iu' iiitci'c'sts <>K any, who 1ll^oll^■h j»ersoiial t-rroi'. oi- 
 onmily on the ]>ai-l ol'otlici's. loiinil thcni-rlvf- jiL-ucd in 
 
 nn unpU'asant rchitioii to tho.-,i' laws. 
 
 II 
 
 1-^ •untuh-nct' in 
 
 his (i()(l, at the ('h),N(.' of a h)ni:; lite of inoi-c than niiirtv 
 
 \'cars, conliiuuMJ unshaken 
 
 1 is all ot'incri- nicrcN-, 
 
 llO 
 
 l)LM-t, 
 
 unnicn 
 
 tctl 
 
 nuM'c'}', lu' retnai 
 
 ki'il t< 
 
 .f 1 
 
 o one of \\\< -ons. 
 
 a I'cspcetod minislcr of the ehiirfli of wliicli hi- tathei- 
 liad hoen for so many years a meniiic!-. a- he >jtoke to 
 liini ot liis pi-ohahle dej)arture, a -hur; linie hef<>i-e the 
 
 voice was iiearc 
 
 I wl 
 
 ueli eallei 
 
 I 1 
 
 lun liMhie 
 
 Black crossed to Annajtolis on l!ie .'>i-d. and on that 
 
 (hiv. foi- the tii'st ti 
 
 me 
 
 )reaclie 1 in that oj.l town. Tlic 
 
 meet inii: oil the next (hiv was coniiinh-d foe tom- hours. 
 
 Und 
 
 ei* a sermon pre: 
 
 K 
 
 lied 
 
 on the (Iih. <»ne woiaan (•rie( 
 
 ah)iid in sore distress. A few thouirht it their duty. .>ays 
 Black, to s])end the eveniiii;' in ]irayer for her delivei-ance, 
 
 n 
 
 Tliev continue<lon their knees 'two hours and adialf.' wlic 
 the ' Lord set hei' soul at liberty.' After ]»roa«diinu- throe 
 times on the Sahhath with '<j;reat freedom." he left Anna- 
 ])olis on ^[ondtiy on his homewaivl route, preaehiiii^ on 
 Ihatday at (Iranville at six in the morninir. at Wilniot at 
 twelve, and at Bowens at six in the evenimr. .Vt a sei'vice 
 held the next (hiyat >rasi;ee s hani. the word was • >jiar|»er 
 than a two edi;'ed sword.' ^lanv treinhled. amoiii^ whom 
 
 was a 7naii of notorious wic 
 
 ked 
 
 ness. 
 
 At ('ornwailis, tlie 
 
 first watcli-niiji;ht service was helil at Natliaiiiel Smith's. 
 Jose])Ii Johnson ' found this the time (»f deliveranre.' A 
 more imi)ressive meetinii' Black liad not attended since 
 
 lis conversion. 
 
 J)urinij: this tirst vi<it to the • lower 
 
 towns,' .seven professed to find 'the pearl of great price. 
 
fMclillici-s 
 V- IVII'l.Tr.l 
 
 "■''/'•"-''''•■'■'''-i<-i; ':'7;;'- 
 '•'■^'T■'"'^•'■'"'■■■Han,l,', ■ ''''■""■''-■'■.-"I I..-M 
 
 
 
 iMc'/it> n-ei-e ma.ie /;,.. 
 
 vi] 
 
 " ('oiisiilL al> 
 
 '(''■ll'CIHM 
 
 '111 // 
 
 and t/ 
 
 til 
 
 "fiances 
 
 J'- a 
 
 J'i"^'i"!ni 
 
 <' iV-Orn-;,, 
 
 A 
 
 ^viio Jia.l u-itJj,i 
 
 ••'If i,f 
 
 ^^y-'Hiou of J I 
 
 '■!•;! 11; 
 
 le 
 
 '■('- 
 
 at Fnvi I 
 ^'"' a lu-ief > 
 
 Willi (I 
 
 I'uwi). A 
 
 luaMcr.s Id |J 
 
 ic (■ 
 
 a.' 
 
 -t's. 
 
 nii)ii(i 
 
 "' I'OOIll 
 
 /lose 
 
 ^a^nvii-e^ af,o(,t tmy 
 J'acf joj'ii,.,( ^\||'j 
 
 tJie Ciiml 
 
 
 JU 
 
 ';''"""'^' '^'" <>i' u-|,o,n ha<l 
 
 I '•'"•'>•, (■ 
 
 >«-'i'.s ;i! P-.t; 1- . 
 
 »f 
 
 ■Jaii<J 
 
 III 
 
 l^^^nAt^xity ..to.,rJ a! 
 
 '-J'-eiiit u'as 0.1, 
 
 e(ic()(iiac, 1] 
 
 
 .0('!(.' 
 
 ic.s. 
 
 pai-ty 
 Ai'ter a fi 
 
 ><»r 
 
 ';'at('(i a( oi<.-J 
 
 '<-• ni('nil)(.i>,| 
 
 11)) II) 
 
 and di.i not 
 
 11 V 
 
 M 
 
 iUV 
 
 unite Willi oil I] 
 
 or 
 
 Oltuiirlil; 
 
 ^I'^^'^ at Amherst and tJ 
 
 le adj 
 
 'uiini"- 
 
Mfli 
 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 \2\ I /[STORY OF 
 
 METJIODISM 
 
 
 ; ' 
 
 *^ scltlciiU'iits, I')lack turned 
 
 liis attention to tlic 
 
 more 1 
 
 
 distant ]i:ii'ts of the circuit. 
 
 At Sack-villc, the doc 
 
 :-ines 1 
 
 
 l:iui;'}it l»\' Alliiieliad Iji'on 
 
 ivceivcd with a lainoi 
 
 itable 1 
 
 
 i'(>!i(liiu";>; lull ill tlio iil.'wnv li 
 
 'V'dllrl f lll>\' ll'xl m-llll' ll 
 
 lit lit. 1 
 
 h I 
 
 '■'t 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
 ; ;;J 
 
 
 
 tie inipiH'-sioii. Wlien witliin a lew miles tVom his father's 
 liouse.oii ills return from the Pet icodiae river, Dorchester, 
 and other j daces visited, a lettei* from a friend at tlie 
 Poticodiac was put into his hand. The intelli^vnce that 
 ])ivvious prejudices had been I'emoved l>y Ids late visit, 
 
 and tliat severa 
 
 had 
 
 ht'en awal<ene(l, wiio wei'c m neei 
 
 I 
 
 of i)jimediate instruction and encourag'ement. "^vas 
 accompanied by an urgent request that lie would, with 
 the least [lossible delay, return to the river. Eesolvini!; 
 
 to defer his visit to the ' lowei' towns,' he retraced 
 his steps without loss of time. The few days he was 
 at lib(M'ty to sjiendat the rivei* encouraged him to jjui'suo 
 witli diiiLi'ence the work the Master had ifiven him to do. 
 
 \s 
 
 len retiirnini;' at the close of a service from the head 
 
 of the Peticodiac river, he met a man, who. accom])anied 
 l»y his wii'e and child, had 2)addled his cr.noe for twenty 
 miles for the purpose of attending the service, hut had 
 arriveil too late, ' Cii'acious Father, bless his soul ; let 
 not his lahor he in vain ;' the evangelist prayed, as he 
 noted down the encouraging incident at the close of the 
 day. Among those w^ho were made ]>artakei's of the joy 
 of pardoned si?i was Mrs. Steeves, an elderly woman, 
 who, satislied with the outwai-d excellence of her 
 moral chai-actcr, and her strict attention to certain 
 religious duties, and ignorant of the necessity of inward 
 holiness, had opposed her sons, who had been previously 
 awakened. AV"ringi ng her hands in deep distress, 
 she had (diarged upon Black the ruin of hei- boys. Sore 
 distress, arising from a sense of personal sinfulness, 
 now took hold of her spirit. At a meeting of the society 
 
':! 
 
 ^^' -VO/:-! iSCOTlA. 
 
 ::; ^'^^r^'^-- vin..., „,.. s 
 
 iiV, 
 
 !})MI| 
 
 
 "'"'•^■''"Ai- int.. joy. " " ''■'"--• '"'■! liinu.I Iht 
 
 ^«'-"^ w.ro „„(„,,„, , ■"""'"'-■"•mi!,,,,,,,;,,, 
 
 ■['"^itioiis oi' t] 
 
 nio.- 
 
 it' nature 
 
 J"";^^^^'f; ^vppoak to tl 
 
 '>'■ vital (:( 
 
 ii' 
 
 a/ii 
 
 iroj 
 
 !0 m (,t: 
 
 ;^"'""^i-ironi hearts ot 
 Jiad 
 
 of f 
 
 pre.- 
 
 wit I 
 
 that 
 
 II 
 
 nc'i.js in t, 
 Ji 
 
 an/. 
 
 »0!i(in(oj'i 
 
 >po.Hion to t! 
 '^' C'onntr_^\-. 
 \ra.- 
 
 *^' t'on.sc'ie 
 
 '■'(.'aro. 
 
 nc 
 
 ^' <-'irnc',sth 
 wj'io tbaj-e<l'j 
 
 '■'/''p^'arcd t 
 
 Apre.s 
 
 t \\-( ) 
 
 ^'i-onco; and 
 
 P^'''niitt(3d t 
 
 J)- 
 
 o pi 
 
 ' wi.siie 
 ■^■'■^"r,. |,v tli( 
 
 'OSC('!|((, I 
 
 poj'.son.s wh 
 
 pi-evKMi.s vi.sit, Jiad I 
 
 <> iiad I 
 
 ^y-is c/ioorod l.^-(J 
 ''*'^'" an-ak-.-ncd 
 
 ils M-nrl^- 
 
 KMDtcli; 
 
 ren 
 
 (' 
 
 ^inst: \rhicdi I 
 
 'I'lni 
 
 '^'^'" ^'MahJcd t 
 
 a tew otJi 
 
 ;s a.s.s (!]•;( 
 
 ec: 
 
 ]»'"obal)Ij 
 
 ^ Httle ehurcdi. At 
 
 troni tj 
 
 o ex'or 
 ''^'^^ of sal vat 
 
 oMj'ino- J 
 
 ion. 
 
 ^^' ^ii.'i! fait/ 
 
 IIS 
 
 1 ni 
 
 AniJ 
 
 tor a da: 
 
 "■" ('ountj'^-. |,p f 
 
 7^i 
 
 "'■■<'. M-ifh 
 
 731; 
 
 '(-"^■•-f on the 14th o/'X, 
 
 i.i;'eroii.. 
 
 le 
 
 at tl 
 
 ovenihej 
 
 pa.> 
 
 ^' toi-ni(v| ii 
 
 lio 
 
 h 
 
 )\ 
 
 '^K-hcd 
 
 foi- 
 
 ILS 
 
 more lahoi-oi' 
 
 P^^'^'^'':''Oi^an Ion-eld 
 
 extensive iield 
 
 JJitr 
 
 ■s m t 
 into 
 
 ei 
 
 !1C 
 
 •tt 
 
 <^'nient> 
 
 7'i.\ll 
 
 •"'"^-•ecliiini.self to MVsJ 
 
 ^^'^'i^'^i iic had 
 
 >('ati( 
 
 "' 'iccossifv 
 
 "e'l ()V(>r ti 
 
 'nvardinghiuiarelat 
 
 ^yin the 
 
 pub! 
 
 lo 
 
 i'^'icd III hi.- 
 
 n of] 
 
 lis eonvei 
 
 ic- 
 
 ly 'lW'j: 
 
 •\' 
 
 towa.rd the clo.se of th 
 
 jounial ofl7,S2. J 
 
 U 
 
 le 
 
 3'*-^'^^'; i'l whieh ho 
 
 ontcj-ed, \\ 
 ■^l""i"^' of ]7,s| I 
 •^i""- wiiieh U'es! 
 'ini anot 
 
 -ejit i 
 
 hei- 
 
 'V iv- 
 
i2i; 
 
 jnsToiiy OF Mi-yriiODisM 
 
 I IM 
 
 li 
 
 que-li'il him (o send out missidiiarics to Nova Scotia. Ear- 
 ly in tlic foliowiiiL!; year lu' ruct'ivcMl a reply. M)iir next 
 ConrcrcMco,' wroto Wesley, will lieii;iii in .Inly, and I Inive 
 iU'reat hopes we shall then he aide to send you assistaneo. 
 One ot oui' pi'eaehei's inl'orins inc; that he is wiiliui;' toi;'o 
 to any part of Africa, or America. He does not re^-ard 
 dani;'(M' noi- toil ; neither does he count his life dear unto 
 himself, so that he nia}'" testify the ,L;T)S])el of the ^-nice of 
 (roil, and win sinners to (Christ. But 1 cannot advise any 
 person to i;'o alone. Our Lord sent out his disciples two 
 and two; a,nd J do not despair of finding another youni;" 
 man as much devoted to Uod as he' 
 
CirAPTKIJ V. 
 
 MKTIlnDTSM IN TIIK LOWKIl IMJOVrXCKS, FVxim THE 
 
 AinnVALOF TllK LOYALISTS I\ 17.s:',, TO TllH 
 
 FUiST CONFEKLNCK IN ITSO. 
 
 Arrival of AiiuTicjin Loyalists. New York Mrtlioilists at Slicl- 
 l)iini>'. liohiTt Harry. IJhu'k's work at LiviTpooI. His vi>it to 
 Slu'lliuriK'. Arrival of .lolm .\Limi, CliarU'S \Vliit(', atid I'liiliji 
 IMarcliinton. lUack at CmiibfrhuKl. Black's visit to I'riiice 
 Eilward Island. IJi'iijamin ('liai)itcdl. Mi'tliodisin at SliidliiiriU". 
 ' ( »ld Mosi's,' tlio c'ol(jrrd urt'aclicr. ('orri'siioiidciici' of Harry 
 and Jilat'k with Wosloy, r(.',spi'C'tin<,' ministerial assi-stancc. Jilack 
 attt'Hils tliu First Gmi'ral Confi'rcni'i.' at I'altiniori'. Dr. Coke-. 
 Black's inthicncc npon ("okc. (Jarrctson and Croniwt 11 apixiintid 
 to Nova Scotia. Sketch of Garrctson. Coke's labors in hclialf of 
 the Mission. 
 
 As the spring of 17S3 adviinced, tlio nocossily foi- ail- 
 (lilioiial lahorci's bocaiuo iimeli inoi'o prossiiiii; tlian Black 
 hiiuselt" could have anticipated .Tlio influx, diiring the 
 coiii'se of that year, of more than tweiily thousand ])er- 
 sons from a country demoralized by a civil war, in which 
 neiglil)()r luid been arrayed against neighbor, and even 
 brother against brother, rendered Nova Scotia a field 
 for Christian laboi', of rare interest to all persons calla- 
 ble of regarding large masses of men from a Christian 
 stand-point. 
 
 The events of the lOfh of October, n<Sl, virtually 
 settled the question of American independence. On that 
 day, at Yorktown, Virginia, Lord Oornwallis surrendered 
 his army and artillery to AVashington. the American 
 Commander-in-chief The joy of the Americans knew 
 no bounds. The consternation of the friends of Britain, 
 throughout tlic revolted colonies, was equally imbounded. 
 The tidings which, received at Philadelphia at midnight, 
 scut half-clad citizens into the streets to hmgh, and then 
 

 128 
 
 111 STORY or Mi'rrnoDfs^r 
 
 to Wc'Cp fitr vt>ry joy, sdiimU'iI in llic oars of tlu> iiiliaM- 
 liiiits of New York llkt' Ihc Itlast of a InnHjK't to wake 
 till- dcail. The latlcr city had for five yoars liccii an 
 asvlimi l()i' larifi' iiuihIh'I's who hati i)CH'ii di'ix'cii h\' th.c 
 \Vhi.i;'s fi'oiii tht'ir hoiiu's in the dincrmt cohinii's. The 
 jtroscnt'C of those, and of thousands of liritish ti'on|)->. 
 of all vai'iotics of nnifoi-ni. had I'ondorod Now \'oik". 
 diirhii^ llio poriod of llio ' o('('U|)atlon,' one of (h(! iiusir->t 
 and li'ayost of citios. Tho hi'oakini!;-nj) of this asylum 
 soon foUowed thi; ^ul■l•ondoI• of Cornwallis. Tlio stniii'udo 
 had hcon h)ni^ and sovoi'o ; and tho foolinij;s of hitloi'iH'-s 
 whioh had <i;i'own nioro intense as tlie war had a])|)roa(died 
 its termination, liad ma<h' it evident tliat tho ])arty wlio 
 should jtrove to he tlie weakoi', woiihl liave hut litth' to 
 expeet in the way of moi'oy IVom tho stron^'or. The Ai-l 
 ])a^sed by the British Parliament in 17''^2, anthori/in:j," 
 liio eonelusion of a j)ea('e with the American eolonies as 
 independent slater, and tho eonsoipiont instriiclioiis to 
 The Ih'itish ('oinmander-in-ehief at XowYork. to )»i-om'ite 
 ])eaee on the liasis of .siioli rcco^iiitioii, were h)oked ujmmi 
 ii}' the loyalists ussonil)led in Xew York as eei-ia:n 
 lororunnors of banishment. There still roiiiained a faint 
 gleam of Iiojjo tliat Oswald, tlio British a,L;'ent in ihe 
 iicgotir'ioiis i'or peace at Paris, miglit be alile to obtain 
 some favoirable terms for them, hut even this faint gleam 
 was '. (-11 extinguislioih Arrangements were at on<\' 
 made lor removal ; and l)olbre the forests had again 
 clianged the briglit green of spring for tho sliort brilliancy 
 of autumn, tliousands of men, women and children, after 
 sorrowful fai-ewells, liad gone on board ship, and 
 witli the flag of Britain at the fore, had sailed away t*) 
 8eok new homes in the wildernesses of Nova Scotia. Late 
 in the autumn, they ^vere joined by several thousands 
 more of loyalists and disbanded troops, whose ])rivatiuii« 
 
 
f"i;^i:::;:;;!;---Yw.Hu,,„,...^ 
 
 ^ry':^::2i::::\:^^ --- 
 
 lininsinvi,. .U„„v„f,l., "' ' ''"^'".•o »f .Yen- 
 
 '""'"■"■'""^'>- •" <^''i.. ..',,. ;■':"■ "■'"' ^'"■'' ^•'>-- 
 
 '"'"■''"I fc.nu..l i,„use. ,,■ I I, ■ ■■"' """■^' '"" «vo 
 
 """"""• '~ -He,, i Ki ; '■?"■;:;''■ ' '-'s^' 
 
 ';"•«■« ..n,nt. ../•la.Klw.rn ,;"';''' 1'.'" '■''-'•. » '-•. 
 
 ;"'""•■' J"..,,K„., several now „ '"""■"• '" ^^"vh 
 
 '•y "'« exiles, a,„l 1 '; '^ !""'"-^'"« were e„„„nenee,l 
 
 .;«Weme„t was that .na.le.t l""'","'""" ""^•'"1" •'" 
 
 '- '-- ti,an ten <Lta l!:;;':'^' ""!' ;:","""" ofna. 
 '■e|«.:|.c.d, with the ev, J ...^ .''■""' ''"*'«".l"l ti-. 
 
 ■^iiouJd 
 
 t^xpoetation of build 
 
 ^•4'^tul of the province. TJie 
 ^he-e thousands of ' 
 
 tnl; of the .strifc^s 
 
 Juiilt 
 
 ^^''os; of the hardships th 
 
 ■OOJls 
 
 i^'.i^- n fity wJii,.,, 
 
 me tho 
 
 arj-ival of 
 
 (^mo in a short ti 
 '^^>0' of th 
 
 U 
 
 n 
 
 of th 
 
 n] 
 
 on dow 
 
 tJioy eherisJied • of 
 accidental hoi.tin.ir of t] 
 
 ej' end 
 the town ti 
 
 iir- 
 
 n on the day when 
 
 •^'"^ofShelburne; of th 
 ness at heart whicii th 
 
 fSlOn r)vni» K/-.+U ,. ^ . . 
 
 \h(,y 
 
 10 Cr.)l( 
 
 le^- 
 
 ff. 
 
 >'•« with tll( 
 
 e failure of 1 
 
 iv<3 to tlie town t\n 
 
 oil over both con 
 
 oj' experienced ; of 
 
 'JUsine.s.s, and sick- 
 
 the St 
 
 tinents, till but fe 
 
 their d 
 
 Us 
 
 i-angcr wlio might ch 
 toiy of the spot on wh 
 
 ance to 
 
 ISpC]'- 
 
 w reTnained to tell 
 
 ^ch ho stood 
 
 Pi«s that way, tJi, 
 
 ; i« one in which 
 
 I 
 
 ( ' 
 
mhkii^UliM, 
 
 VM) 
 
 If h^'TO /.' r r Mr: rr/o n ism 
 
 (h('( is s(rHiii^<'r Mi:ui tictioii. A imiiilxM' of l(!y.'ilisls, 
 :itl r;icto(l Ity iridin'cnuMils lu'ld out l)y llic coIoiumI ,l!,ii\- 
 (M-iiiiu'iit, loiiini tl.i'ir \v;iy l«> l'i-iiico Milward Isiaiid. 
 Many oi' tlit'so sctllod at Ih'(1i'(|(u>. A still ^rcatci- 
 iuiiul>or, sonic ol" whom had previously hoi'ii in Canada, 
 romovi'd to (\a|H' Hrcton, and forincd hotlUMuenIs at 
 
 S 
 
 • IS- 
 
 ydni'y, and othor |>lac«!s in that island. 
 
 A vory lari^c propoi'tion of tlic loyalists wci'c l']| 
 fopalians. With those canio not less than t\V(dveol' the 
 l'!|)is('o|»al tderLCy. Seltish I'oasons, whicdi need not he 
 .s]»oi'itii'd. led tlio Whii^sot' Iho victorious colonies to hear 
 with no small dci^roc of puticncc the Toi-^ism of tlu-ii' 
 jdiysii'ians, while nothinij; cotdd induce (liein (o jterniil 
 the exei'cise of tViM' spiHHdj on the p.'irt of those who hail 
 the cai'i' o\' souls. Stern necessity, thei'efore, led several 
 |-l|>iscoj)al ciern-ymen to tdi-n theii" faces noi'thwai'd; 
 wiiile others weiv induced to seek a home in the iii'itisli 
 provinces, hy thet)lVers of the Society for the Pi-O])ai^atioti 
 i)i' the Ciospel, which withdrew its supj)ort from all its 
 accents remaining;; in tlu^ I'nited States, and made pro- 
 vision for those M'lio wei'e willing to remove to Nova 
 Scotiii and New Brunswick. 
 
 ]Metlu)dism in New York, througluxit the war of tlie 
 Eevolution, was represented hy a single ehnreii, that in 
 .lolin street. Philip Knihury, an Irish local preacher, 
 movetl by the expostulations of 15arbai-a Heck, a country 
 woman of his, had gatliered a little eonipany, composed 
 ehietly of Irish emigrants, to whom ho preached in his 
 own liouse. The humble worship])ers in Embury's 
 home were one day surprised b}' the entrance of a Bri- 
 tish olHcer, lie proved to be Cai)tain Thomas Webb, 
 
 Pi' 
 
 who, while serving under Wolfe, had lost hi;' right eye 
 at Louisburg, and liad been wounded in his right arm at 
 Quebec. After having heard Wesley p.'.eaeh at Bristol, 
 
)"•-'■'-•. '"'i iV-s , ;:'''"■■■"■•■'":•" '"■ "- --.Hi,' 
 
 ^^■'"■■■'■l"-l"'Nln.. ,,,,.,;,; ..''^■^'7''-''- '^< Alia,,,, 
 "•'"•■■ilii|.|.,M'H w|,„ |;,,,.,„., , , .•>••'"" ""■ ■<""l.l<.mi„,|,.,| 
 
 <i<>" li«l. A,„„„.,„(|,e,s „ ' ,;'l'l""'™' "" ll.« .sM!,s,-,.i„. 
 
 «-ero u.odfo,. j„,,i,„, .,„ ™ ■,,/,'"•/'■■" ^"'"■'^ '■''"■■'•I'- 
 e'.'..'ch >va»tun,c,l ,n.:/, ;, 7'''''',""'' "- iJapli.:; 
 
 i i 
 ■ I 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 c(l in it to the Ilnssiiin troops, but in the evening, the 
 Methodists were permitted to use it for their own ser- 
 vices, which were attended by large congregations. At 
 the close of the war, but sixty of the persons who liad 
 previously constituted the membership answered to their 
 names.^ Influences unfavorable to the (xospel may have 
 turned some aside. The fortunes of war, there is little 
 reason for doubt, sent the gi-eater number of the mem- 
 bers forth as exiles. 
 
 "Whither all these wanderers directed their steps can- 
 not now be known. Several found their way to Pt. John, 
 N.B. An early itinerant in Canada, when visitiDi:, Mon- 
 treal in 1802, found a few of them, who cordially rccviv- 
 ed him, and assisted him in procuring a school-room 
 in which to preach.^ Fifteen or twenty of them were 
 also amonif the thousands of exiles who arrived at Shel- 
 burne durini' 1T83. 
 
 Among those who reached Shelburncwith the earlier 
 fleet, was one, whose connection with Methodism on tlie 
 southern coast of Nova Scotia, and indirectl}- with 
 Methodism throughout the Lower Provinces, renders 
 his name worthy of being held in long and respectful 
 remembrance. Eobert Barry was often heard to strr 
 that he did not know whether to call himself an Engli.^ii- 
 man or a Scotchman. His father was an Englishman, 
 re-;iding at Portsmouth ; his mother was a Sc<;cch 
 woman. He himself was born at Kinross, on the banks 
 of Loch Leven. Some officers of the navj-, who frequented 
 his father's shop at Portsmouth, were pleased with the 
 Hon, and invited him on board a man-of-war about to 
 leave the harboi" on a short cruise. Wliile oi^' tiie co" ^t, 
 orders were forwarded for her immediate departure - >;: 
 
 1 ' Lost Chapters,' p. 271. 
 
 '■' ' Caae and his Contemporaries,' vol. 1, p- 122. 
 
IN THE LOWER FTWVIKCES. 133 
 
 II .51 
 
 V 
 
 k 
 
 America, where the dissatisfaction which led to the Tkov- 
 ohitionary war, had commenced to manifest itself. The 
 j'oung man crossed the ocean, but was not favoi-ahly 
 impressed with life on board llis Majesty's ship. Fearini^ 
 <lctention ii}K)a his ari-ival, he planned an escape, which 
 ho sncccssi'ully executed. With no friends, be wandered 
 for several days throuijjh Maiden Lane, at that time the 
 J^roadway of Xew York, l)efore he could obtain a situa- 
 tion. With carefully-saved earnin<^s, he became manai^- 
 ing partner in a small concern, and during the occupation 
 continued to pros])er. In the meiintime. Christian friends 
 had thrown around the young man powerful influences, 
 which, through the blessing of God, not only saved him 
 from the special dangers of the day,*but led him. into 
 communion with Christ, and connection with llis church. 
 Thus blessed, he 'went and did likewise.' Israel Disos- 
 way, who, with his family, is favorably known lo the 
 Methodists of Xew York, gratefully acknowledged the 
 interest which Robei-t Bai-ry had taken in him, when a 
 youth and a stranger he htid entered that city. Mr. Barry 
 had not felt himself called '[jontojoin in the armed 
 resistance to Britain, and consequently, when the friends 
 of Britain proved the losers in the game of war, it 
 became evident from the temper of the victorious colon- 
 ists, that there j-emained no alternative but exile froni 
 llis adopted country. Severing the ties which bound 
 liim to the home of his adoption, to friends in the church, 
 and to fWends in businx^sss circles, he went on board a 
 vossel carrying the flag of Britain, and sailed with the 
 first fleet which left New York for the harbor of Port 
 llazoir. There w^erc individuals — to their disgrace. Ite 
 it said — who came to Xova 8"otia at that period as loy- 
 alists; took all that could be obtained from BritaiTi by 
 way of direct compensation for their losses ; drew the 
 
184 
 
 HISTORY OF METnoniSM 
 
 rations, wliich for tlirec years were supplied by tho 
 government ; and then at the eai-lient possible jteriod 
 went back to the country whence they had been driven 
 out, to throw the weiglit of their influence, and that of 
 tiieir families, into tlie scale against Britain. With men 
 of this chisH, Robert Barry had little sympathy. Neither 
 the solicitations of numerous friends in the United States, 
 nor tho failure of business in Shelburne, could ever 
 induce him to return, as a resident, to the country ho 
 hi^' been forced to leave. In the possession of a high 
 degi ' public respect, well deserved and freely accord- 
 
 ed, he ^ .issed away in September, 1848, at Liverpool, at 
 the ripe ago of eighty-three, to the ' city which hath 
 foundations.' His name will occur on subsequent pages. 
 
 After having spent nearly two months in the spring 
 of 1783, with the little societies at Halifax, Windsor, and 
 various parts of the Annapolis valley, Black sailed for 
 Lahave. Having remained there five days, during 
 which he ])reached ten sermons, he sailed for Liverpool to 
 obtain a passage for Halifax. The Master had work for 
 him to do at Liverpool that he knew not of At seven in 
 the evening of the 28th of May, three hours after his 
 arrival, he began his work in that place, which he always 
 re-visited with doej) satisfaction, by preaching to about 
 three hundred persons. The services of the week proved 
 a good preparation for those of the Sabbath. On tho 
 afternoon of that day he preached in the Congregation- 
 al church, and in the evening conducted a service in 
 a private house. On Monday, at the meeting on the east 
 side of the river, ' the power of the Lord was eminently 
 present.' A number were crying with anguish of soul, 
 while others were shouting for Joy. The prayer- meeting, 
 held at Mr. Dean's, on the evening of that da}', was 
 continued until one o'clock. Detention on Tuesday, gave 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 135 
 
 Oj^portunity for further Horvioes. At tlio closiiiLC inoetin<^ 
 ut the Falls, a i^entleinan from ( 'Onneeticiit, who liad 
 arrived a few days previously on business, was seized with 
 deep conviction of sin. Soon after, lie obtained assurance 
 of pardon, and durini^ his short subsequent life, adorned 
 the doctrine of (lod his Saviour. Eighteen months later, 
 he was drowned while attempting to enter the harbor of 
 Liverpool in a storm. 
 
 On Friday, tne (Jth of June, 17S.3, William Black, the 
 representative of Yorkshire Methodism, and Jiobert 
 JJarry, the leader of the little band of • banished ones,' 
 who had reached Shelburnc in May, met for the first 
 time at that place. Black was accompanied by Captain 
 Ephraim Dean, of Livei-pool. * This early visit,' wi-otc 
 Barry, ' was not unwelcome, though unexpected, and 
 finding us un])repared to accommodate our kind friends as 
 we could have wished.' It must be remembered that when 
 the first fleet had dropped anchor in the harbor a month 
 earlier, the ' forest primeval' reached the water's edge. 
 Echoes that had slept since creation, were about to bo 
 awakened by the stroke of the woodman's axe. As the 
 })assengers were surveying the shore from the deck, it is 
 .said that a military officer, al)out leaving for Eng- 
 land, who, with no less prudence than generosity, had 
 presented his horses to the lady of one of the loyalist 
 captains, stcjiped towai'ds her, and archly inquired in what 
 direction Madame would drive. The first effort, after the 
 selection of the site had been agreed ujion by the survey- 
 ors, was to clear a spot in each division, on which the 
 militaiy^ tents, furnished by the government, might 
 be pitched. Xear one of these tents, William 
 
 IViack found Robert Barry, who extended to his visi- 
 tors such hospitality as he could; and placed at their 
 disjiosal his tent and his bed, while he himself sat 
 
m M 
 
 ^'1 
 
 ■Mil 
 ■ i; IK- 
 
 1,1 • 
 
 
 111! 
 
 
 136 
 
 ITISTOHY OF METHODISM 
 
 up outside during a whole night of • profusely' wot 
 "weather. ^ 
 
 On the morning of the following Sabbath, to a 
 congregation gathered in front of J^jbei-t Bariy's lot, 
 and from a table placed among the stumps, William Black 
 preached the lirst sermon at Shelburne. The morning 
 service was followed by others, in the afternoon and 
 evening, all of which were mai-ked by strict order and 
 decorum. An attempt to hold a service on the afternoon 
 of Monday, was attended with serious disturbance. A 
 Commissariat officer, who had dined with some friends, 
 and had tarried too long at the wine, declared the 
 ])reacher to be an impostor, and threatened with oaths 
 to knock him down. After a short absence, he returned 
 with two others, determined to accomplish his purpose. 
 This he was prevented from doing by the congregation, 
 who crowded around the table on which the preacher 
 stood. One of the three, swearing that he could preach 
 as well as the preaciicr, then mounted the stump of a 
 trc and poured forth a flood of oaths. A few well-aimed 
 words from the preacher, made an impression upon the 
 blasphemer, who, hardening his heart to utter a few more 
 oaths, walked off with his companions, and left the 
 ])reacher to finish his discourse. A large stone was thrown 
 with great force from the outskii-ts of the congregation, 
 during the sermon, but Black elude<l it. and escaped 
 serious injury. This opposition served to attract attention, 
 and some who came to listen in consequence, gave indi- 
 cations of concern respecting their personal salvation. 
 
 Towards the close of the week. Black retui-ned to 
 Liverpool, to comj^lete his visit there. ' The few days 
 he remained,' says his biographer, • were full of laltor 
 and full of consolation.' Many were awakened to serious 
 
 MS. of Robert Barry. 
 
IX TILE LOWER PROViyCES. 1:M 
 
 1 
 
 concern for their souls, and a goodly number found peace 
 Willi ('t(A.' The single incident of an unpleasant character 
 arose from an interview with Mr. Cheever, the late ])ast('i' 
 fjf the Congregational Church, wh / -udely accosted him 
 on his return from a service he had conducted in that 
 <-hiirch. and charged him with preaching doctrines 
 calculated to send his hearers to hell. There is reason 
 to believe that Mr. Cheever soon after regretted the 
 course he had pursued. 
 
 The tank of strengthening his brethren at Shelburne, 
 devolve'! upon iiobert Barry. In a room in his log- 
 house, u-ed by him as a school room, he met a class, and 
 on Sundays, read to them and to any others willing to 
 listen, a sermon jy Wesley, or some other evangelical 
 preacher. In the autumn, Barry and his friends were 
 cheere<l by the arrival of several others, two of whom 
 they had known as prominent workers in their foi-mer 
 home. These were John Mann and (vharles AVhite. The 
 former was a local preacher; both had been trustees of 
 the church in Xew York, until the close of the w^ar. Mr. 
 Barry, to whom their arrival gave special satisfaction, 
 immediately placed a part of his small dwelling at the 
 disposal of John Mann and his family. 
 
 John Mann was a native of the city of Xew York. 
 After vears of wavwardness and sin, he was awalcened 
 to a sense of his danger, and though the influence of his 
 mother, was admitted into the Lutheran Church of which 
 she was a member. F'ailing to find in the services of th"^ 
 church the satisfaction which he found under the ])reach- 
 ingof Captain \Vebb, he attached himself to the Metho- 
 dists, and while listening to one of the first sermons 
 preacherl after his arrival, by Eichard Boardman, one of 
 AYesley's first missionaries to America, obtained an assur- 
 ance of the forgiveness of sins, lie was appointed in sue- 
 
138 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 W: 
 
 
 ■ m 
 
 cession, to the offices of loader, trustee, exhortor and 
 local ]>rca('her. Soon aftci- the ooninjencement of the 
 war, all Wesley's Edi^lish preachers, Francis Asbury 
 excepted, returned to Eni;-land; tlio native ministr}', in 
 oonsef|uence of their connection with Wesley,- wore 
 looked upon with suspicion by the Whii;;8 ; and many 
 of the infant churches, formed by the Methodist itiner- 
 ants, were left with none to watch over them. At 
 the ro<|uest of the other members of the Board of 
 Trustees, John Mann took charij^e of the church in New 
 York, until the capture of Philadelphia by the Brit- 
 ish, enabled one of the itinerant pi'eachers to reach 
 the Ibrmer city. His allegiance to Britain obliged 
 him to leave New York at the return of peace. 
 With two other trustees, Charles White and Philip 
 Marchinton, he took his farewell in the autumn, and 
 in com])any with the Ibrmer of the two, sailed for 
 Shelburne. ■* 
 
 Charles White was an Irishman. On his arrival 
 at New Y''ork in 17(!(>, he found few in sym])athy with 
 his religious views. He, nevertheless, stood up boldly 
 for the truth, as it had been taught him in his native 
 land. He had worshi])ped with the earlier Methodists 
 of the city in the rigging loft ; his name had stood 
 first on the subscri])tion list for their church ; and 
 on the lease of ground for the building he had been 
 named one of the trustees. During the war he had 
 acted as class-leader and treasurer of trustees. In Sep- 
 tember, 1783, the issue of the war compelled him to 
 leave the church he had helped to build, and the 
 meml)ers with whom ho had woi'shipped. A few days 
 after he took his leave, a meeting was called by the 
 remaining officials to elect trustees ^ in the place 
 
 ■*' Methodist Magazine,' 1818. Wakelcy's 'Lost Chapters.' 
 
 
IN THE LOWER PJiOVjyCES. 
 
 189 
 
 o'^* Churles Whito and Jolin Mann, I'cmovcd to Nova 
 Scotia.' ^ 
 
 Philip Mart'hinton soiis^lit a homo in another i)art of 
 the province. Alter losing a hirgo pro2)erty in Phihi- 
 dcl}>hia, tlirough the war, he had j^one to New York, 
 where he continued to reside until the clo^o of the 
 struii'i^le. In November, 177^5, he sailed with his family, 
 in luH own vessel, for Halifax; but a lieavy gale, which 
 found them at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, obliged 
 the captain to bear away for the Bermuda islands, which 
 he I'caehed twenty-seven days after his de})arture from 
 New York. Marchinton s])ent tlie winter at St. (leoi-ge's, 
 and reached Halifax during the following spring. For a 
 time, he rendered the small societv in the capital very 
 material assistance. ^ Augustus Welsford, Major of the 
 07th Pegiment, who, beloved by his brother officers, and 
 revered by his men, served witli distinction in the 
 Crimea, and fell at the storming of the Eedan on the 8th 
 of September, 1855, was a grand-son of Philip Marcli- 
 inton. 
 
 Black, on returning from Liverpool to Halifax, 
 preached two or three sermons in that town, after which 
 he visited Windsor. He had some ' comfortable times ' 
 during his visit of several days, but found that a 'differ- 
 ence' between two of the 'friends' had done much harm. 
 After spending a few days at Cumberland, he visited the 
 people at the Peticodiac river. 'These are,' he writes, 
 ' a simple, loving people indeed, happy in God. I preach- 
 ed ten or eleven times among them, and then returned 
 to Cumberland.' After riding two or three times around 
 the Cumberland circuit, he returned to the lower towns. 
 At Horton, he had the privilege of leading to Christ a 
 
 f* 'Lost Chapters.' 
 
 •^ ' British North American Magazine,' 1811, p. 29G. 
 
 . W 
 
i 
 
 !r 
 
 lii 
 
 140 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 3rrs. Card, an opposor of rollt^ion, wh,;, on a si(.-k-b('(l, 
 liad become terribly agitated by the ieai' of death. In 
 Se])teinl)or lie returned to (Jumberhind. With sorrow he 
 ()l)served throii<i;hout the eircuit, but at Saekville in 
 l)articular, a ij^eneral declension. 
 
 DuriuL!; the autumn, Black crossed the Straits of 
 Northumberland, and spent a foj-tnij^ht at Prince Ivhvard 
 Island. Allinc, who had visited the island in the sum- 
 mer of 1782, had reporteii the people as 'very dark,' 
 and in many quarters openly profane. In all the places 
 visited, he had found but ' three Christians,' and had 
 preached at St. Peter'8 only, with any degree of encour- 
 agement. One of the ' three ' to whom he referred, was 
 a resident of Charlottctown. This, without doubt, was 
 Benjamin Chappell, the only Methodist on the island, in 
 answer to whose earnest and repeated requests. Black 
 now made his way thither. 
 
 Benjamin Chappell was a native of London. His pa- 
 rents were worthy members of the Church of England. 
 He himself was converted under the jireaching of Wesley 
 at the Foundry. "Wesley, while at Inverness in 1*780, made 
 an entry in his journal, indicative of the regard enter- 
 tained by him for his son in the Gospel. ' Benjamin and 
 AYilliam Chappell, who had been here three months, 
 were waiting,' he writes, ' for a vessel to return to Lon- 
 don. They had met a few people every night to sing and 
 pray together, and their behavior, suitable to their pro- 
 fession, had removed much prejudice.' To the end of his 
 life, Wesley honored Chappell with his friendship, the 
 continuance of which he proved by occasional letters. In 
 his later days, the latter was wont, with great apparent 
 delight, to repeat incidents arising from his intimate 
 acquaintance with Wesley. In the year 11*75, Benjamin 
 Chappell and his wife took passage in a ship bound for 
 
7.V THE LOWEJt rJlOVTyrES. lit 
 
 ' ;• 
 
 (Quebec. The slii]), on Imanl of wliicli were two liuiHlred 
 and fil'ty souls, was wi'ceked on tl»e north coast ol' the 
 Ishmd of St. John, the passcni^ei's cscapinv^ ^i^ly with 
 their lives. A roek known as 'Chappell's eliair,' is still 
 ]»ointed out in Malpc(|ue as the spot where, when the 
 ))assengcrs and ercw had reaehed the shoi-e in safety, 
 lieiijaniin Chappoll conducted a service of thanks- 
 giving; and where, on revisiting the place of ])eril, in 
 sueceedini'" years, he stood to address eager listeners 
 on themes suggested by the recollection of the dangers 
 and the deliverance of that memorable day, Mr. 
 Chappell's acquaintance witii his father's business as 
 master-machinist, procured him em»]doyment as super- 
 intendent of the government works, then in couivse of 
 construction at Charlottetown. The island thus became 
 his home. In 1779 he was elected a member of the House 
 of Assembly, After having been engaged in several 
 departments of the public service, he was appointed in 
 1801, Postmaster of the Oolonj'. Fi-om the moment of 
 his arrival at the island, he was deeply impressed with 
 the spiritual destitution of the inhabitants, and at once 
 commenced to hold meetings, which were continued by 
 him for many years. An aged man, who in his youthful 
 days, was permitted to upply to Mr. C]iap})eirs piety the 
 test of a nine years' residence beneath his roof, writes of 
 him with trembling hand '' as ' a truly ]mous man.' ' They 
 both appear to b( ■ ■cning fast for glory,' wrote John 
 Hick, of him and his wife, in 181(3. * I will assure you,' 
 he adds, ' that I frequently get my soul blessed while in 
 conversation with them, and in hearing them tell of the 
 wonders of redeeming love, in the conversion of sinners 
 in the early days of Methodism. "' I)r, Richey, who visited 
 him in 1823, when * bending over the tomb, under the 
 
 7 ' Methodist Magazine,' 181G, p, 949. 
 
 !|' 
 
112 
 
 ITISTORY OF .VETUOVISM 
 
 i ! 
 
 {R't'iimiilatcd infirjnitics of oxti-omo old n<ro,' Hpoaks of 
 hiin as ' remarkably clear and collcetod in niiiul; ready, 
 al'lci' a lil'c of irrcpi-oachaltlc ^•odliiiess, to bo offered up; 
 and awaitinLf, not only M'itlioiit iear, but in joyful antici- 
 pation, tlic time of his depart .'. oni earth.' The time 
 ofdc])arturo cameonthe Kith of January, 1S25. William 
 ]}urt was privileged to stand near him on that dav. ' \u 
 his last moments,' wrote Burt in hisjoui-nal, ' he expressed 
 the 8tron,fi;cst contidenec in Chi'ist, and in his ho)»e of 
 heaven ; and when ho had done this, he lifted his dying 
 voice and began to sinij^, 
 
 '* O Tjovo, how choerinnr is thy ray ! 
 All pain before thy presence flics ; " 
 and then fell asleep in Jesus.' 
 
 The fortnight spent by Black at the island, was not 
 marked bj^ satisfactory resul' lie preached several 
 times at Charlottetown, and ; Peters, but with no 
 
 visible tokens of success; and returned to the mairdand, 
 sick at heart over the ignorance which every- where 
 seemed to prevail. The winter of 1*783-4, was spent by 
 him at Cumberland. 
 
 Early in April, 1784, Black left his winter quarters 
 for "Windsor, where he devoted a few days to the inter- 
 ests of the little society. From Halifax, he sailed 
 for Shelburne, arriving there about the middle of the 
 month. Lack of success in business on the ])art of 
 Charles White, had led him to place a room in a large 
 building erected by him after his arrival, at the disposal 
 of the Methodists, for public services. In this room the 
 Methodists, who were still accustomed to pay a certain 
 defercnco to the services of the Episcopal Church, grant- 
 ed the Hector permission to conduct Episcopal services 
 on Sabbath mornings and afternoons, until the opening 
 of his temporary church in January, 1785, while they 
 
 Luj 
 
 ill 
 
 Hi It 
 
 ' 
 
IX rnr lowkr provixcks. 
 
 
 lieM their own services in the carlv moi'tiinir. and In tfu* 
 evenitif'H. Those services were conducted hv .l(din 
 !Mann. Black wuh Tniich ])leascd with a vihit to I'lii-ch- 
 town, a noici'o settlement at six miles distance IVom 
 Shell)urne. The preacliinii; of three sermons, and tlie 
 meetini;' of two classes, on the Sabbatli, did not ])ivvent 
 him from addressini^ two hundred of tlie neL,'roes in their 
 own settlement, on the followiiii;- day. ' Sonic of them, 
 ho remai'ks 'were deeply affected, and othei's icivatly 
 comforted.' 'It is indeed wondei'ful,' he ailds, 'to soo 
 what a blessed work the liord has been carj-yiiii;- on 
 among these poor crcri.turcs. Within seven oi' ei^-ht 
 months past, sixty of tiiem ])rofesH to have found peace 
 with God. And what isfarthei- remarkal)le, is, that the 
 ]»rincipal instrument God lias employed in this work, is a 
 poor negro who can neither wallc, nor stand, lie is 
 usually carried by another m;in to the place of worshij), 
 where he sits and sjieaks to the ])eo])le, or kneels und 
 prays with them.' 'Old Atoses,' the colored preacher to 
 whom JJlack refers, did not contiue his labors to liurtdi- 
 town. He was held in high esteem, not onlv bv the 
 peo])le of color, but by many of the whites also. The 
 shoulders of good George Jolly, a highly res])ectable 
 colored member of the Methodist church in Shelburne, 
 who died in that jilace in 18()1, are said to have frequ- 
 ently borne ' Old Moses' on his evangelical tours, lla 
 ■seemed to be endowed with a marvellous gift of langu- 
 age. One of tlie elect women of early Methodism in 
 ShelburnC; received her first serious impressions while 
 listening to an address from this crippled negro. He i.s 
 supposed to have accomjianicd his countrymen in iTf'l. 
 to Sierra Leone. At this time the membership at Shel- 
 burne and Burchtow^n exceeded two hundred, of whom 
 only twenty were whites. At Burchtown, there were 
 fourteen clabses in a prosperous atate. 
 
! 
 
 :!||: ; 
 
 
 Wn-} ^ ■ 
 
 iff ' 
 
 144 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 "Wesley took a deep interest in the settlement at 
 Bui'clitown. Shortly aftei' its establishment, ho wrote 
 to llobert Barry, ' When we send a preacher or two to 
 Xova St'otia, we will send some books to bo distributed 
 among them ; they need never want books while I live. 
 It will be well to give them all the assistance you can in 
 any jiossiblc way.' 
 
 Several days at Liverpool, marked by seasons of rare 
 religious intei'ost, sent ]ilack on his way rejoicing. An 
 entrj' in his journal, on his return to the lower towns, 
 furnishes a sjiocimen of the hardships sometimes endured 
 by the early itinerants of our own country. ' Having 
 arrived at Halifax early on Saturday, May 8th,' lie says, 
 ' I set oif from Windsor on foot, and walked forty miles 
 that day, but the skin was so blistered under my feet, 
 that with diificulty I reached Carlos'. The next morning 
 I reached Windsor, and preached twice.' After having 
 visited Anna])olis, Cornwallis, and ilorton, Black returned 
 to Cumberland. He saw little on his arrival at that 
 circuit to eJicourage, and labored there nearly four 
 months with few tokens of success. 
 
 The subject of a ])roper ministerial supph' for the 
 Lower Provinces, assumed each day an aspect of greater 
 importance. It had become evident that no man could 
 efficiently watch over societies, scattered over so wide a 
 field, and at the same time extend his labors to new 
 settlements, where the preaching of the truth as it is in 
 Jesus was seldom heard. Iiobert Barry, early in IT84, 
 opened a correspondence with Wesley, which continued 
 to the close of the life of the latter; and urged him, if 
 ]K)ssible, to send a suitable person to assist J^lack. 
 Wesley, acquainted with Barry's brother Alexander, at 
 Portsmouth, forwarded a prompt re])ly. 'AVe purpose,' 
 he wrote, ' to consider fully at the Conference, what wc 
 
IN THE LOWER PliOViyCES. 145 
 
 can do to help our bvolhven abroad, not only those that 
 are settled in the southern provinces of America, hut 
 those that arc in Nova Scotia and Xewfbundland. Indeed 
 it is an invariable rule with me, not to require any one 
 to i^'o out to America ; na}', I scruple even to advise 
 them to it: I shall only propose it at the Coni'erenco, 
 and then, of those who freel}' otter themselves, we shall 
 select such as we believe most likely to adorn the (TOs])el." 
 To Black, in October, 17S4, Wesley wrote, 'If I am 
 rii2;htly informed they' — the i)reachers in the United 
 States — 'have already sent yon one or two ; and they 
 may afford 3'"ou one or two more, if it please God to ;L!;ivo 
 a pros])erous voyage to Dr. Coke and his fellow-laborers.' 
 
 Nothing had been heard in Nova Scotia of the ' one 
 or two,' supposed by AVesley to have come to Black's 
 assistance. About the middle of September, a month 
 jM'eviously to the date of Wesley's letter. Black had left 
 home for the United States, h()])ing to be able by personal 
 representations and pleadings, to induce some zealous 
 brethren to come over and help him. As he Journeyed 
 he J'emembered the words of the Lord Jesus, ' As ye go, 
 preach,' and several souls were given him as seals to his 
 ministr}'. At Addington, i!i Maryland, he met Richard 
 Whatcoat, who had Just arrived from England with Dr. 
 Coke, and on the 14th of December he met Di-. Coke 
 himself. Sevei-al days later, the sessions of the tirst 
 (leneral Conference, popularly- known as the '' Christmas 
 Conference,' were commenced at Baltimore. Freeborn 
 Garrettson, an energetic young ])reacher, already coming 
 into note among his itinerant brethren, had been 'sent 
 off like an arrow,' to summon the ministers. After 
 travelling twelve hundi-ed miles in si.v weeks, preaching 
 as he went, he returned to tind sixty of his bretliren as- 
 sembled at Baltimore. Black looked ujion these men 
 
 t Si 
 
i\ 
 
 146 
 
 m STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 i|| 
 
 1 11 
 
 with admii-ation. 'Perhaps,' he wrote, ' such a number 
 of godly men never before met in Maryhind ; perhaps not 
 on the continent of America. Presiding over their 
 deliberations, was a small man, of gigantic soul, a 
 'chieftain' in British Methodism, 'only second to 
 Wesley himself.' 
 
 At an early age, Thomas Coke, the only son of the 
 chief magisti-ate of Brecon, i .v'ales, a lad ' low in 
 stature, but beautiful in aspect, and vivid in temper," had 
 chosen the church as a profession. At Oxford, young 
 (^oke had not wholly esca])ed tliC influence of the intidel- 
 ity, at that time so prevalent at the University. Happily 
 he was not long held in the toils of unbelief. Yet, though 
 rescued from certain forms of * oubt which for a time 
 hampered him, he remained a st -anger to the personal, 
 saving power of the Gospel. Thus igncu'ant, but not 
 unwilling to be taught, he entered the ministry of the 
 Established Church, as the Curate of the parish of Soutii 
 Petherton, in Somersetshire. A short time only elapsed 
 before he began to see and feel that in pur])ose, and in 
 motive, he fell far below the Christian standard. Conver- 
 sation with Thomas Maxfield, one of Wesley's earliest 
 itinerants, and the reading of some of the evangelical 
 ])ublications of the day, ai'e said to have l)een the means 
 of leading him to see first himself, and then his Saviour. 
 The change wrought within soon became evident to all 
 associated with him; and the ardor of soul with which 
 he prosecuted every effort for the promotion of the 
 eternal interests of his people, soon raised against him a 
 heavy storm of opposition. New strength was given to 
 his principles, and an additional impulse im])arted to his 
 zeal, by the perusal of the writings of Wesley aiid 
 Fletcher, and by an interview with them at aConierencc 
 he attended. On his return from that Conference, lie 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES, 147 
 
 began to viBit his parishioners from houBC to house, gave 
 lectures indwellings, and evinced such earnestness in the 
 pulpit, that the accommodation attbrded by the church 
 proved insufficient, and tlie erection of a gallery became 
 ■necessary. The proper parties refused to erect the 
 gallery, and he built it at his own exjicnse. In the 
 meantime, the hostility towards him, on the part of tlic 
 inore wealthy of his parishioners, increased to such a 
 degree, that the Rector dismissed him from his curacy', 
 and in a manner so summary, as to prevent the delivei-y 
 of a farewell sei-mon in the church. Coke, therefore, took 
 leave of the people by an address delivered in the open 
 air. lie then ottered his services to Wesley. ' I went 
 forward to Taunton' says Wesley, in his joui-nal of 1170, 
 ' Vv^ith Dr. Coke, who being dismissed from his curacy, has 
 bidden adieu to his honorable name, and determined to 
 cast in his lot with us.' Coke was then in his thirtieth 
 year. While in London, where he continued as energetic 
 in his Master's service as he had been in his curacy ut 
 ►South Petherton, and where he derived much help from 
 the deej) religious experience of some devoted christian 
 men and wonjen, he commanded the entire contident-e 
 of Wesley, who had long folt the need of such an helper. 
 In assisting him in his correspondence, visiting the 
 societies in various parts of the kingdom, and in tiie 
 exercise of an earnest and efficient ministry, he became 
 Wesley's 'right-hand man.' A position of greater 
 responsibility, involving a wider sphere of action, awaited 
 him. At the close of the war in America, Wesley, who 
 thought himself restrained from acting at home as he in 
 other circumstances would have done, by his connection 
 with the xsTational Church, and by the infiuencG of a few 
 warm friends among its ministry, resolved to give to his 
 societies in America, where prelates of the National 
 
 4-7^ 
 

 148 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 iii: 
 
 
 m 
 
 \ 
 
 Church had ceased to possess any jurisdiction, a roguLnr 
 ori^anization. For this purpose he selected Dr. C(jke, 
 and formally set him apart as a Superintendent, For 
 many years he retained his oflficial relation to the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Church in America, travelling through 
 diflerent States, preaching diligently as he journeyed ; 
 preparing the discipline of the church, and hearing 
 testimony against that ' sum of all villanies,' slavery. 
 In the fulfilment of these duties he crossed the ocean 
 eighteen times. The missions in the East Indies, and in 
 Ireland, as well as those in the Lower British American 
 Provinces, Newfoundland, and Bermuda, were for many 
 years supported to a large extent from a fund, replenish- 
 ed by his persoTuil liberality, and by his appeals from 
 door to door in various towns and cities of the kinsxdom. 
 After having devoted an ample fortune of his own, and 
 large amounts left him by his two wives, to the support 
 of missions, and having tirelessly labored with pen and 
 tongue, for the salvation of men at home and abroad. 
 Coke, at the age of sixty, set his heart upon the estab- 
 lishment of a mission to India. His brethren used every 
 effort to dissuade hi- They urged his advanced age ; 
 the importance of his services at home ; the necessity 
 of his efforts in support of the missions already in 
 operation; as well as the difficulty of providing for a 
 mission of 80 costly a character as that proposed by 
 him. None of these arguments moved him. When 
 some of his brethren added remonstrance to argum.ent, 
 he burst into tears and exclaimed, ' If you will not let 
 me go to India, you will break my heart.' Seeing him 
 bent on the prosecution of the mission, they yielded. 
 Followed by the prayers of thousands, he sailed for India, 
 with six young missionaries, towards the end of the year 
 1813. His heart was full of India ; his thoughts, his 
 
 1ii 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVTXCES. 149 
 
 conversation, his studios, his prnyovs, all had rcforeiice 
 to that distant and dark- country. Yet lie was not per- 
 mitted to see its shores. His hrethren wlio accompanied 
 him landed, and commenced a mis-^ion which has heen 
 steadily carried on to the present d.iy. On the mornint;; 
 ot'^Iay 3rd, 1814, he was ibunil dead on the floor of liis 
 cabin. The great deeji became his burial place. None 
 could bo more fitting for a man whose heart embi-aced 
 u world, and whose wliolo life was a practical comment 
 on that grandest of facts, ' He died for all.' 
 
 To William Black, of Xova Scotia, })elongs the high 
 lionor of having developed, in no small degree, in the 
 heart of Coke, that missionary spirit which never ceased 
 to impel him, until his body found a resting-place, nearly 
 thirty years later, in the Indian Ocean. (Irand though t.s 
 respecting the Gospel for the world, had doubtless Ixion 
 revolving in his mind at an earlier porio;!. Yet, as 
 Stevens states, ' he seems to have received in America 
 that anointing of the missionaiy spirit which originated 
 at last, througii his agency, the whole Wesleyan Mission 
 ary system,' ' It was at the organization of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, in Baltimore,' adds Stevens, * that ho 
 heard the a])i)eal of Black for Nova Scotia. He responded 
 to it with his whole heart; begging money for a mission 
 to that Province, ordaining preachers for it, and esjtoci- 
 ally commissioning Garj'ettson for it. U])onhis return 
 to Europe, this and similar missionar}' opportunities 
 kept his soul kindled with interest, and were the themei^ 
 of his appeals to the people of England, Scotland, and 
 Ireland.' ^ Dr. Ethei'idge, in his ' Life of Coke,' gives 
 expression to a similar opinion. ' The grand brit 
 neglected provisions of the Gospel,' he remarks, ' which 
 can save not a few, or many, Init all who need them ; 
 
 « 'History of the Methodist Episcopal Church,' vol. 2, p. 2G1. 
 
 -I!!i 
 

 if 
 
 i 
 
 ■si'V 
 
 11 
 
 * I. 
 
 . I 
 
 1^' 
 
 150 
 
 HISTORY OF JfETHOLISM 
 
 and the guiltily ignoved obligations of duty incumbent 
 on the drowsy and unfaithful ehunhe.^ at home to send 
 its message of mercy to all the tribes of our race, had 
 risen before him with the light an<l awfuluess of an 
 apocalypse from God, and had given the final stamp to 
 the character of his life.' ' J)uring the folhrn-ingyear he 
 ])ublished an ' Address to the Pious and Benevolent' in 
 behalf of Missions; and literallv traversed En<i-land from 
 ^"orth to South for the purpose which had taken the full 
 sway of his life. 
 
 Black was thus successful beyond his expectations. 
 Ho had gone to obtain laborei's for tho tield which had 
 proved too extensive for his most active etforts. He 
 obtained these, and at tho same time succeeded in enlist- 
 ing a life-long sympathy on the part of Coke, who had 
 ])Owcr to assist in the maintenance of the work, b}' means 
 of both men and money. William Glendenning, an 
 occentric Scotchman, was namc^l for Xova Scotia. Hap- 
 ])ily, he refused to accept the apjxnntment. His brethren, 
 on the ground of want of gifts, refused' to ordain him at 
 that Conference. After locating in 1TS6, he applied for 
 admission to the Conference; but the preachers, believing 
 him to be insane, declined to rect-ive him ; and he 
 wandered about among the soc^ieties in Virginia and 
 North Carolina, hospitably supix)rte<l by them, until art 
 advanced age.. ^^ The appointments to Xova Scotia were 
 tilled by two men of a very dilferent character. At tho 
 solicitation of Coke, Freeborn G-'^rrettson, the young man 
 who had been ' sent oft' like an arrow' to summon his 
 brethren to the Christmas Conference, and James Oliv^jr 
 t^romwell, who had seen three years service in tho 
 itinerancy in the South, volunteered for work in the 
 British Provinces. 
 
 9 ' Life of Coke,' p. 156. 
 
 10 Stevens ' History of the M. E. Chujch,' vol. 2, p. 16. 
 
ly THE LOWER PROVINCES. 151 
 
 Garret t^oii belonged to a family of influence in Mary- 
 land. His parent.s were niemberw of the K])ise<»pal 
 Churc-h. In early life, he had longings for some 
 undetined good, the nature of which he had none to 
 to explain. Kven the pastor of the parish did not apj)ear 
 competent to solve the problems of his anxious con- 
 science. He met Strawbridge and some other itinerants. 
 Their teaching seemed m^'sterious, yet he so far believed 
 it to be in accordance with truth, that he dared not join 
 others in persecuting them. One day, a young man who 
 had embraced the Gospel, as presented by the itinerants, 
 fitoppcd him on the road, and spoke of Jesus, recommend- 
 ing Him to Garrettson in such an attractive way, as to 
 convince him that religion w^as real, and to lead him to 
 conclude that the lime had come to give the subject 
 «erivus thought. He now 'read, prayed, and wept,' till 
 after midnight. Asbury, and other itinerants, came into 
 the neighborhood. Asbuiy, in particular, preached in a 
 way that implied to the young man a knowledge on the 
 ]»art of the ])reacher of his inmost struggles. A revival 
 commenced, and persecution followed. Garrettson's 
 father became alarmed about his son, though the latter 
 harl made no profession of religion. His name began to 
 be cast out as evil. To avoid persecution, he sought to 
 satisfy his conscience by leading a respectal^le life. He 
 now attended the parish church regularly, fasted once 
 a week, prayed in secret, and rebuked profanity among 
 his neighbors. Ikit under Methodist preaching, which 
 IKjssessed for him an irresistible attraction, the founda- 
 tions of his hope trembled. While listening to a sermon 
 by one of the itinerants, he was so ' oppi'essed,' that 
 when riding home through a lonely wood, he dismounted 
 and knelt in prayer. The thought of a convenient season, 
 however, still lingered with him. On contiiming his 
 
Li 
 
 :n'. 
 
 :i. 
 
 :| 
 
 
 ri 
 
 N 
 
 t i 
 
 152 
 
 lUSTO^lY OF METHODISM 
 
 journey homeward, he was ai'rested l)y an almost over- 
 powei'inii; conseiousncss that 'now is the aec'e]»te<l time, 
 now is the day of salvation.' 'J tlircw,' said (Jai-i'ett- 
 HOn, ' the reins of my l»ndle u])on my hoi'se's neclc. and 
 piittini;- my hands tou:ethei\ ci'icd, " Loi'd I siilmiit." I was 
 loss than nothing' in my siolit. and was now, foi' the first 
 time, reconciled to the Justice of God. The enmity of my 
 heart was slain, and the plan of salvation was o[)en to 
 me. T saw a beauty in the ])ei'fections of the Deity, and 
 felt that power of faith and love that I had been a 
 stranii'er to. My soul was so exceed inij hap])y that I 
 seemed as if I w^anted to take wings and fly away to 
 heaven.' 
 
 The power of Garrettson's faith was at once sliewn 
 by his works. His family was at once ii;athered 
 together for prayer. Standing in the midst of his slaves, 
 with a hymn-book in Ins hand, and about to begin wor- 
 slii]), he pnmounced them all free. At that moment a 
 ' divine sweetness' ran through, his whole frame. ' Had 1 
 the tongue of an angel,' he says, 'I could not describe 
 what I felt.' AVith no definite idea of preaching. Itivf only 
 intent on doing good, he went foi'th. lie beeame an 
 exhorter before he became a mcmljcr of the Church. Earo 
 results followed his utterances. Under his message men 
 fell on their knees crying for miM'C}'. These he formed 
 in classes. Rodda took him out upcm liis circuit, but 
 reluctant to become an itinerant, and alarmed at the 
 responsibilities of his new position, he rode back to his 
 home. Called out by another itinerant, he took a circuit 
 in 1775, and never turned back. The story of his long, 
 heroic, and successful services in the itinerant ranks, 
 has been told with thrilling effect by the historian of the 
 Methodist Church in America. " 
 
 >' Stevens ' History of the M. E. Church,' vol. 1, p. 352-373. 
 
IX THE LOWER PliOVJME'S: 153 
 
 At tlie time of Coke's arrival, rjarivttsoii Avns about 
 to leave ibr the Caroliiias. At the Christinas Cont'eivnee 
 he was ap|)oiiite(i to jS'ova Seotia, and hclh he and 
 Cromwell were ordained Klders. Jn order to meet the 
 expense ol" their outfit and passa,i,a\ Coke, at tin- ch^e of 
 one of his sermons preaehed during;- the Conleivnee ai 
 Baltimoi'e, took up a collection amounting- to ahoiit one 
 lumdred and fifty dollars. At the close of "the Conference 
 he spent three weeks in New York, in pi-eachinu-. pub- 
 lishiuir his sermons preached before the (\)nferenee, and 
 coilocting funds for the mission to Nova Scotia. 
 
i:^ 
 
 ClIAPTEIl YI. 
 
 
 I't 1 
 
 ■ ! 
 
 f 
 
 I'^l 
 
 i 1 
 
 METHODISM IN THE LOWER PROVINCES, FROM THE 
 
 ARHIVAL OF THP] LOYALISTS IN 178.?, TO THE 
 
 FIRST CONFERENCE IN 1786. (Continued.) 
 
 Arrival of Oarrottson !ind Cromwell. Black in Now England. 
 Favora])le reception of Garrettson by those in authority in Hali- 
 fax. His entrance upon his work. His visits to the country. 
 Interviews with the Newli^jhts. Garrettson's visit to Liverpool, 
 lielif^ious state of the township. Garrettson's success at 
 Shelbur ■■ -. Continued opposition. Black's work in Halifax, and 
 in the country districts. Garrettson's plan of work in llalifox. 
 Marchinton's projjosal to Wesley respecting the erection of a 
 chapel. Report of prospects in the country. Jonathan Crane 
 and his wife. James N.Shannon. Introduction of Methodism 
 at Barrington and Cape Negro. Mrs. Joseph Homer. Samuel 
 0. Doane. James Mann. Interesting incident. Black's removal 
 to Halifax. State of religious society in that town. RevivaL 
 Alexander Anderson. William Grandinc. Incident at Liverpool. 
 First Provincial Methodist Conference. Absence of Dr. Coke. 
 Appointments. INIembership. Finances. Dr. Coke's stormy 
 passage, and arrival at Antigua. 
 
 GiiiTottson and Cromwell tjjiilod from Xew York 
 uboiit the middlo of Fobriiary, 1785, foi- thoir new tield 
 of labor. ]n a small vessel, deeply laden, they 
 eneoantered a severe storm, and were tossed about, at the 
 most wintry season of the year, for fouj'teen days. 
 Garrettson had never seen ' so dismal a time.' On tiieir 
 ari-ival at Jlaiifax they received a warm welcome from 
 Marehint(ni and the few Methodists of the city. A few 
 days after their arrival Cromwell sailed for Sholburne ; 
 while (larrettson remained for several weeks in Halifax, 
 Black, takin*;' advantage of the opportunity, turned aside 
 to visit friends. In Boston, where he preached frequently 
 in several churches placed at his disposal, his efforts to 
 do good were so highly appreciated, that a congregation, 
 supposed to consist of not less than three thousand per- 
 
TN THE LOWER PJiOrJ^VES. 155 
 
 sons, listened to hin hist address. In the ahsenoo of a 
 Methodist Cliureh, a miinhoi' of persons, convei'ted in tlie 
 revival which followed his labors, connected themselves 
 with the Orthodox churches of the city. ' Several,' says 
 his bi()i;'raj)her, ' when he preached there ai;'ain in 1822, 
 hunc; ai-oiuid the pulpit, who, calling to renieinl>rance the 
 Ibrnier times, reco-^'nised in the messeni^erof the churches 
 who addressed them, now venei-able with a^v, the man 
 who in the bloom and fervor of youth, had warned them, 
 not without effect, to flee from tlie wrath to come.' ' 
 Four years after Black's visit, wlien Jesse Lee, the 
 apostle of Methodism in the New Eni;dand States, pene- 
 trated into the interior of Connecticut, he was 'wel- 
 comed,' says Stevens, ' by a few inquiring; s])irits, who 
 had been led, by the instrumentality of Black, to seek 
 for a higher religious life than prevailed around them.' '^ 
 About the last of May, ho reached Cumberland, and 
 hastened to meet Garrettson, whom he found at Fal- 
 mouth. 
 
 Gari'ettson had proceeded in his mission with be- 
 coming prudence. Soon after his arrival ho called on 
 Dr. Breynton, the Rector of St. Paul's, who received him 
 in a spirit which did the aged clei'gyman high honor. 
 ' You are on a blessed errand,' he said to his visitor, ' I 
 will do what I can in assisting you. I desire to see the 
 Gospel spread.' Not loss kindly was his i-eception b}- 
 Govornor Parr, on whom, accompanied by Marchinton, 
 he called on the following day. The Governor spok'e in 
 commendation of Wesley ; assured Garrettson of his 
 approbation of the purpose which had led him to the 
 province ; and added, ' Whenever you call for my assis- 
 tance, if I can help you, I will.' The Secretary listened 
 
 1 llichcy's ' Memoir of Black,' p. 141. 
 
 2 ' History of M. E. Church,' vol. 2, p. 420. 
 
15G 
 
 mSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 
 respect fully to his oljjeftions to takiiii^ the oath of 
 alle'j:ianee, and advised him, if an}' disorderly eoiiduet 
 should take ])laee durini!; any of his services, to aj))»ly to 
 u ina,i;istrate. assuriiii;" him that he shoidd tind favor. 
 
 In a house eapahle of eonltiinini:; three hundred 
 heai-ei's, rented hy Marehinton at ten dollai's ]>er month, 
 ami tilled up by liim wilh seats and a ]»ulpit, (Jari-ettson 
 eommeneecl his ministr}' in Halifax. Services were held 
 very fre(piently thi-oui^h the week', and three times on 
 tlic Sahbath. The I'oom was soon filled, and on Sabbath 
 evenin/^s many liad to return home, unable to obtain 
 seats. The people listened A'ith ' attention and solemnity,' 
 aud seven or eight persons were formed into a class. Less 
 interru])tion was ottered than mii!,'ht have been expected. 
 ' For two nights, wrote Garrettson, ' we had a little dis- 
 turbance. One night the stones tlew, and one of nearly 
 a pound weight was levelled at me, but missed its aim, 
 and struck out two ])anes of glass near my head.' ' This 
 is but trifling,' he adds, ' if I can win souls to Jesus.' 
 
 Towards the end of March, in response to repeated 
 invitations, Garrettson left Halifax to spend a fortniglit 
 in the countiy. During that time lie travelled three 
 hundred miles through deep snow, and preaehed twenty 
 times to attentive listeners. Several of the Yorkshire 
 Methodists gave him u hearty welcome. In the latter 
 part of May, he undei-took a m 'i,d visit to the country. 
 On the 20th heju'eii' ' Windsor, in the Court-house, 
 to ' a peo])le who oU to be ^ 11 pleased,' but none 
 
 of whom ' were con '"cd r"sin.' At Cornwallis, a more 
 marked ijiterost in hi^ m saij-e led him to tarrv a few 
 days, during which he formed a societ of twelve 
 ' deeply awakened' persons. Wilmot, Granville, Anna- 
 polis and Digby were visited in succession. Many listened 
 to him at these places, but few were willing to yield to 
 
/iV THE LOWER PROVlNCKhi, 
 
 157 
 
 the divine ehiinis, as set forth by (lie preacher. Of llie 
 people ol' Di^'hy, a new loyalist settiemetit, he remarks, 
 'Tlicy were entii'eiy destitute ol" a miiiistei', and I fear 
 of reliicion too.' The situation oi' iliose at Aiuiapolis he 
 tliouii;ht little better ; ' For althoui^di tliey had u minister, 
 his discourses wei'e not adapted to awaken the sleej)y 
 hearers.' At tlie latter place, 'many looked upon ine,' 
 says (rarrettson, ' as an enemy, anil Avould not come out 
 to liear me.' The wickedness of the jieople caused tiic 
 itinerant sorrowful hours. At J)ii'-by, during tiie follow- 
 ing summer, lie forme<l a society of sixty in number, 
 nearly all of whom were coloi-ed people. 
 
 To travel throui;-h that section of the province extend- 
 ing from Windsor to Annapolis, without being brought 
 into lre(j[uent collision with the disciples of Alline, was 
 at that day scarcely possible. To a sti-anger their views 
 were at once novel and oli'ensive. Garrettson, who had 
 to pass through frequent examiiuitions, was at tirst 
 pcri)lexed by the strange and contradictory tenets the^>' 
 professed to hold. ' Some of them,' he wrote, ' seem to 
 have the fear of God, but in general they are as ileluded 
 a people as I ever saw. Almost all of them preach in 
 public. I was conversing with one who seems to be a 
 principal person among them. She said she believed 
 death would slay more sins for her than ever were 
 destroyed before. " As for sin," said she, '* it cannot 
 hurt mo ; not even adultery, murder, swearing, drunken 
 ness, nor any other sin, can break the union between me 
 and Christ." ' One morning as he was leaving AVilniot for 
 Granville, a man ran out to meet him. ' Sii-,' said the 
 man, ' I like a part of your doctrine well, but a part I 
 don't like.' 'What part don't you like?' said the preacher. 
 'You say, sir, that a saint may fall,' was the answer. 
 * W^ill you answer me one question ?' said Garrett- 
 
 (M: 
 
I 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 'h 
 
 
 .1 
 
 
 158 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Hon ; * Do you know that you were ever convevtcd ?' 
 ' I do,' was the reply. ' Pi'ay tell me then, sir,' said 
 Garret tson, ' how matters are at present hctween 
 God and your own soul ?' ' Why,' said the .nan, ' its 
 a winter state.' Pressed closely, he confessed that he 
 was livini^ in sin. * And yet,' responded Garrettson,' you 
 do not believe in falling* from grace I I believe it is 
 because you arc i'r.llcn. This is what j'ou call a winter 
 state ! I call it lying in the arms of the wicked one, and 
 you may talk as you will about your past experience, 
 but I would not give a straw for your chance of heaven 
 if you die in this state. You are reconciling Christ and 
 Belial.' 'O,' said the man addressed, 'I shall be raised 
 up at the last day.' 'You will,' was the linai reply, ' but 
 unless you repeiit, it v ill be to be cast into the lake of 
 tire.' The man, who had not expected to have his 
 questions on creeds answered by the asking of others on 
 ])ersonal experience, then withdrew, apparently much 
 atfectccL 
 
 On the 26tii of July, Garrettson reached Liverpool. 
 The upheaval of the former ecclesiastical system obtain- 
 ing in that township had been complete. A long existing 
 dissatisfaction Wi th the pastor had ended in his dismission. 
 The Newlight party sought to obtain control of the 
 (.•hurch. Their efforts in this direction were opposed by 
 those who remaineil faithful to 'the standing order.' The 
 latter, while making every possible effort to secure a 
 faithful pastor, through the aid of their friends in the 
 United States, were willing to open the building for the 
 use of any mini.>ter whom they regai'ded as provided 
 with satisfactory credentials. For several months, 
 William Firmage, a Calvinistic Methodist, Ix^longing to 
 Lady Huntingdon's Connexim, occupiec' the jmlpit. 
 While the ownership of the building remained a matter 
 
IN THE LOKETt PEOVJXrES. 15!! 
 
 of dispute, John ^Lann, whose pi'ospccts of success in 
 business at Shelbui-ne were dark, removed (o Jiiverpool 
 in eoni])liance with the invitation of several pai-ties, 
 A determined ert'ort was made hy the Ncwliijhts to pre- 
 vent him from occuin'inii; the pulpit onMhe Sabbath 
 momini; after his arrival. Public feeliii-i;. however, ran 
 Ko stron,u:ly in favour of Mann, that the Xe\vliii;ht leader 
 closed his hymn-liook, and with his friends withdi-ew at 
 once fnmi the house, leaving;: the preachei- to conduct the 
 three services of the day without fai'thei- intei-ruption, 
 Jn spite of seiret i?isinuations, to which his opj)onents 
 resorted u]»on the failure of ()])en o])position. ^fann 
 persevered, and aided l\y Cromwell, wh(» s))eiii a inoiith 
 with him in the spriuiji; of 1785, succeeded in u^athci'iii:^^ a 
 society of twenty members. On the eveninj;: of the day 
 on which he arrived, and (m the ibllowinjj; eveniiin' also, 
 (xarrettsoii preached in the ('on<i;re,ii:ational Chiii-eli, to a 
 people ' willinii; to hear the word.' lie continued at 
 Liverpool dui-inu" Ibiu' weeks, constantly ])i'eachiiiji; and 
 visitini;" Ironi li(>u>e to house, with such succos that 
 before his departui-e the memliers in society had increased 
 from twenty to Ibrty. several of whom had experienced 
 conversion. 
 
 Towards the close of Auii^ust. Garrettson arrived at 
 Shelburne. Ilis coni4re,'.!:ations, which did not excei'd titty 
 persons at first, increased so rapidly, that the room which 
 afforded accommodation for two hundred hearei-s, proved 
 too small to contain those who came. The Rector, ])v. 
 AVilliam Walter, who had been indebted to the Methodists 
 for the use of their preachinii' room. ])revious to the 
 erecti<m of his tem])orarv church, now tendered them the 
 use of the church in return, (iarrettson hail occu|)ied 
 the church a part of three Sabbaths, when the ve>try 
 excited to opposition by the awakening j)o\ver which 
 
! Ij 
 
 IGO 
 
 inSTOEY OF METHODISM 
 
 acc'om])aiiio(l his prouchinij^, interposed tlieii- authority 
 to prevent his f'ai-tlier occupation of'it, and the ^lelhodists, 
 thankiuLi: Dr. AValter, who I'ehictantly j'iehied to the 
 action of his vestry, withdrew. Gari-ettson, driven from 
 the church, took his stand upon a rock which is still 
 ))ointc(l out at the Cove, hclow the town. In a short time 
 Wliite's buildino- was enhirged to accommothite four 
 hundred persons, but was still found to be too small. 
 Garret tson then proposed to the Blacks to build a small 
 ])lace of worship for themselves, at the north of the town. 
 
 Duriuu; the six weeks spent by Garrettson at 8hel- 
 burne and the adjoining- settlements, one hundred and 
 fifty persons were received by him into the societies. A 
 work so successful was not carried on without serious 
 opjtosition. Sometimes stones were thrown at him ; at 
 other times rotten eggs. The preaching house, hastily 
 constructed, stood on posts on the brow of a hill. One 
 evening when Garrettson was preaching to nearly four 
 hundred persons, a mob endeavored to remove the posts, 
 intending to push the building down the hill. During 
 the sermon, the preacher, ignorant of theij' intention, 
 quoted in a loud tone, ' Without are dogs, and sorcer- 
 ers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolatei's, 
 and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.' Some of the 
 mob. supposing the discovery of their design, gave the 
 alarm, when the whole piu'ty ran otf with hideous yells, 
 and left the congregation to conclude the service in peace. 
 Among the traditions of Shelburne, is one concerning an 
 outrage committed about this time on one of the itiner- 
 ants, by a party of sailors belonging to His Majesty's 
 ship ^lercui-y. The floor of the room in which services 
 were held was reached by a flight of steps on the 
 outside of the building, terminating in a small landing at 
 the head. The plot, which was to place beneath the 
 
 dSi 
 
7.V THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 IGl 
 
 laiKlin<j^ tin oil cask, and by means of ropes, to displace 
 tlie planks at the precise moment when the preacher 
 should step fn^m the door, is said to have been too 
 successfully carried out. 
 
 To the very moment of dej)arture, Gan-ettson was 
 pursued by opposition of a vexatious character. As the 
 sails were bein<^ hoisted on the vessel in which he had 
 taken passage for Liverpool, an officer of a man-of-war 
 in the harbor, called to some persons near him, 'lie's 
 going.' The party shonted, ' Hail the Methodist parson.' 
 As the captain paid no attention to their repeated shouts, 
 a gun was tired, whicii obliged him to lower sail, and 
 (iari-ettson tosultmit to have his trunk examined, amidst 
 the blasphemons utterances of the sailors, wiio stood 
 near. At Liverpool, where he remained two weeks, he 
 found the work of Lord prospering under John Mann, 
 and preached ' with much assurance and comfort.' 
 
 Upon his return in the autumn to Halifax, Garrett- 
 son had the satisfaction of finding the work in that 
 town in a prosperous state. Black had been in labors 
 abundant. Occasional visits to the country had involv- 
 ed large expenditure of time and labor, but had not been 
 without satisfactory results. ' On Sunday, July 3rd, 
 1785,' wrote Black in his journal, ' I preached at Mr. 
 Scott's at AVindsor, twicG. On Monday, I rode to Ilor- 
 ton, and })reached at the town ; on Tuesday, at the 
 Baptist meeting-house with 2>eculiar freedom ; on Wed- 
 nesday, at the Presbyterian meeting-house ; on Thurs- 
 day, at Habitant ; on Saturday, at Granville ; and on 
 Sunday, at Annapolis and Granville. From Granville, 
 he went to Digby. Many in that place seemed ' much 
 engaged.' Ho left there a little Church of seventy-eighti 
 members, sixty-six of whom were blacks; and returning 
 to Halifax, prcaehed at various places on the way. 
 
m 
 
 j't-.i/ 
 
 162 
 
 mSTOEY OF METHODISM 
 
 During one of the exeiirHions into the coiintiy about 
 this pei'iod, Jeliii Mother, u young man "wlio had heen 
 brought when a chihl from lii.s home in lihodc Island, 
 with the New Enghmd settlers who landed in 1761. at the 
 'Landing,' at ]Newj)ort, listened to Black, gave him- 
 self to Ciod, and united with the Methodist Church, of 
 whicli he remained a member until his decease in 1S51, 
 at the advanced age of ninety-six. In Sejitember. leav- 
 ing John Mann in charge at Halifax, Bhick visited 
 Liverpool and Shelburne. In the latter i)lace, he sjieiit 
 a ha})py Sabbath with Garrettson, and attended a bive- 
 teast, at which ' one or two were blessed with the jjeace 
 of God.' 
 
 During the winter of 11^5-6, Black took his station 
 at Chimberland ; Gromwell a1 Shelljurne ; Mann at 
 livei'pool ; while Garrettson took charge of the extensive 
 Halifax circuit. At Cumberland, Black, while uncheer- 
 ed by those wonted indications of success which had ac- 
 companied his labors in earlier days, was comforted by 
 the conviction that his endeavoft-s to bring about a return 
 of happier times, had not been altogetliei- in vain. At 
 Shelburne, Cromwell labored with as much energy as 
 feeble health would permit. Of a more retiring dis- 
 position than his colleague Garrettson, Cromwell was 
 not prepared to encounter and conquer the opposition 
 wJiich only nerved the other to greater elibrt. The 
 arrival of a coloured preacher named Morant, who, 
 according to his own rejiresentations, had come out to 
 Nova Scotia under the sanction of Ladj- Huntingdon, and 
 appeared before his impressible countrymen, array- 
 ed in his gown and bands, led a number of them at 
 Burchtovvn to withdraw from the classes formed there. 
 Morant's influence was, however, of short duration ; 
 and during the following summer, through Garrettson's 
 
m THE LOWHE PJiOVINCES. 
 
 1C3 
 
 as 
 ilis- 
 Ivns 
 lion 
 rho 
 |ho, 
 
 to 
 ind 
 
 |ay- 
 
 :it 
 
 fere. 
 
 n'8 
 
 ■efforts, themajoi'ity of tlie wanderers wore Lroiiglit l)ack. 
 (yortain records, of a wholly inde])endent character, show 
 John Mann, who seems now to have given himself iij) 
 wholly to the work of the ministry, to have labored 
 thi'oughout the winter at Liverpool with rare diligence. 
 
 Throughout Garrettson's extensive charge, the work 
 ■was prosecuted with varying results. Garrettson's plan 
 of labor, when in the city, was one which only a man 
 of unusual vigor could carry out. On the Sabbath, he 
 preached at eight in the morning, at the ' preaching- 
 house;' at ten, at tlie poor-house; at noon, at the preaching- 
 house; at four, in a pi'ivute-house near the Dockyard; 
 and again ut 'candle-light,' in the })reaching-house. The 
 prisoners were also visited on Friday afternoon, and 
 services held each evening in the week. Garrettsoti also 
 preached several times during that winter at Dartmouth, 
 where the people offered to build a ])reaching-house, if 
 regular services could be guai-anteed. Marchinton, who 
 had prospered in business at the outset, owing, it is saitl, 
 to an error in the shipment of a certaiii class of goods, 
 by which a much larger quantity than he had ordered, 
 had been placed in his hands, to meet a ready sale at an 
 advanced price, had, through a friend, ottered with the 
 help of several others, to raise five hundred pounds for 
 the erection of a Methodist church, if Weslej^ wouhi 
 undertake to furnish five hundred more. Wesley, at a 
 period in the history of Methodism, u])on which we arc 
 apt to look back as, in a spiritual sense, its 'golden' age, 
 replied in words which deserve the careful consideration 
 of all to whom the Lord 'hath given power to get 
 wealth;' 'It is a noble proposal of brother Marchinton ; 
 but I doubt it will not take place. You do not know the 
 state of the English Methodists. They do not roll in money 
 like many of the American Methodists. It is with the 
 
 M 
 
104 
 
 IIISTOBY OF METHODISM 
 
 utmost diflficulty tliat we can raise five or six hundred 
 pounds a year to su]»ply our contingent expenses, so that 
 it is entirely impracticaltlo to raise five hundred pounds 
 among them, to build houses in America. It is true 
 they might do much ; but it is a sad observation, they 
 that have most money have usually the Ici'.st grace/ 
 Marchinton's proposal not having been accepted, ho 
 2>roceeded in the spring of 17S>>, to erect a church, capa- 
 ble of accommodating one thousand hearers, on his own 
 property in Argyle street, at the head of Bell's Lane, 
 known in Halifax, in former years, as Marchintou's 
 Lane. 
 
 From the country districts under his care, Garrett- 
 son forwarded encoui-aging rejtorts. At Windsor, ' in 
 which place,' he wr<»te. • God has given us a loving 
 society,' arrangements had been made for the building 
 of a small church. Tlie-e arrangements were not, how. 
 ever, carried out. A few friends at Annapolis, proposed 
 to make an effort in the same direction, ' though they 
 hud very little preaching for >ix months.' In Cornwallis 
 also, five hundred dollars ?Kid been subscribed towards 
 the erection of a church in that to^\Tiship. 
 
 The names of Jonathan Crane, Esq., antl his brother- 
 in-law, James Xoble Shannon, Esq., are, at this time, 
 mentioned by Garrettson. in connection with an offer on 
 their part, of two hundred dollars toward the erection of 
 a Methodist church at Horton. ' Colonel ' Crane never 
 became a member of the Church, to which, for many 
 years, he rendered material assistance of a financial 
 character. ' In his last affliction,' says Richey, in his 
 " Memoirs of Black," • he was led to seek God with his 
 whole heart. Ere the shadows of death gathered around 
 him, a light was kindled in his soul, that enabled him to 
 tread the dreaded vale with joyful and un9usj)ecting 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVIXCES. 
 
 1»»5 
 
 ndrcd 
 ,0 that 
 )OUiidrt 
 s true 
 I, they 
 o-raee/ 
 ed, he 
 1, capa- 
 lis own 
 i Lane, 
 Linton's 
 
 ^Tarrett- 
 
 ^ov, ' ill 
 L h)ving 
 building 
 lot, how. 
 -)roposed 
 
 h they 
 )i'nwaUi^ 
 
 towards 
 
 brother- 
 iiis time, 
 II offer on 
 •cction of 
 ine never 
 tor many 
 finaneial 
 |ey, in his 
 with his 
 d around 
 id him to 
 uspecting 
 
 contidcnce in Iho (iod ofhi?? salvation.' For tlic material 
 aid which the .Methodists oi llorton received I'roni him, 
 they were indebted, in no smtiU measure, to the iiiflueiico 
 of his excellent wife. Mrs, (!rajie belon^'ed to a familv, 
 >cvenil of the members of which have heen blossed, and 
 have i>een njade ;i blessing through theii* identitication 
 with Methodism.. She was the first of the ' Allisons " to 
 deelare herself one of a 2)eo])le everywhere spuJcen 
 against. The family to v;liich she belonged, had emi- 
 grated about 1770, from Londonderry, Ireland, and had 
 settled at Ilorton. Soon alter her arrival in Nova Scotia, 
 >lie became the wife of Jonathan Crane. Her first 
 religious im])ressions were received, it is said, under the 
 preaching of a minister of the Presbyterian Church, in 
 connection with which she had been trained; but having 
 no intimate friends to whom she could speak with 
 contidence respecting her convictions of <luty, she 
 eml»raced every opportunity of listening to the sermons 
 of Black and Garj'.ettson. CV>nversation Avith these min- 
 isters upon the topic which had become to her one of the 
 L'reatest possible importance having convinced her 
 tliat tliey were quite able to s3'nipathize with hei* in her 
 religious experiences, and competent togiv<i such advice 
 as her circumstances requii'ed. she invited them to her 
 home; and having, through their guidance, obtained a 
 c<^imfortal>le assurance of ^lardou and acceptance with 
 <T.>1. she became, about 1775, a meml»er of one 
 of the first classes formed in the county of Kings. The 
 ywi^ition occu])ied bj' her husband, ' a tall, handsome 
 man with fluent sjjeech, and an amazing readiness ot 
 natural wit, and illustrative power,' which rendered hira 
 one of the ' distinguished ' members of the Provincial 
 legislature of that 'halcyon' period, ^ and who, at the 
 
 ■' Murdoch's ' History of Nova Scotia,' vol. 3, p. 09. 
 
VMj 
 
 HLSTOJiV OF 3I'KTB0I)[SM 
 
 m 
 
 :'!]': 
 
 time of his (leceiise in 1S20, was tlic Hcnior monibcr of' 
 the House of Assembly, enabled her, though Ji' modest 
 and unassumii)!^ woman, to exert an influence for good 
 over a lai-go circle of friends, until iicr de)Kirture in 1S41. 
 ^oon after Mrs. Crane had joined the Metliodist society 
 at llorton, slie was followed by James Xoble Shannon 
 und his wife. A few years later they removed to Pars- 
 bonj'. Naturally of 'a very dilKdent mind, prone to 
 look at his own lieart, a peculiarity in his case I'ather 
 constitutional than moral, till humiliation degenerated 
 into des])ondence, .^[r. Shannon, remarks one, who, in 
 the earliei' days of his ministrj', often shared his ho.s])i- 
 tality, 'walked in the fear of God, but seldom enjoyed a 
 large share of the comfort of the Holy Ghost.' The end 
 of both was peace.* 
 
 In the spring of 1Y86, tho itinerants left their winter 
 quarters. Early in April, (xarrettson proceeded to the 
 iSouthern coast. John Mann availed himself of the ojv 
 portunity attbrdcnl hy Gai-rottson's brief stay at Liver- 
 pool, to visit the societies at Windsor and Cornwall is. 
 Mann's ministry at Jjiverpool had been successful. 
 'There is a lively society,' Garrettson wrote to Wesley. 
 ' AUine's small party oppose us warmly. The greater 
 part of the town attend our ministry, and the first peo- 
 ple have joined our society.' After a short visit at Liver- 
 pool, Garrettson pushed on to Shelburne. On his ai'rival 
 he was glad to find Cromwell able to set out for Liver- 
 pool and Halifax. The decline of businc<i*s at Shelburne, 
 already too evident, convinced Garrettson that many of 
 his friends in that place would soon be driven by neces- 
 sit}" to seek homes elsewhere. , 
 
 After having used all possible effort to re})air tho 
 breach which had been caused among the colored mem- 
 
 ^ Ridley's 'Memoir of Black,' p. 180. 
 
 I 
 
m THE LOWEIl PROVJXrES 
 
 107 
 
 'or- 
 is, 
 ul. 
 
 iter 
 
 )e()- 
 
 er- 
 
 ■al 
 
 cr- 
 
 ■ric, 
 
 ol' 
 
 es. 
 
 ho 
 
 })cv< at Slu'lhiirnc uinl Hurclitown, tlii"()iii;"li the j)rosciRH' 
 ol'Moraiit. (lurrottsoii. ac-('(nn])anied hy a t'riond, sot out 
 for Harrinii^loii. His route tliithor lay aloii^- the ooast, 
 over I'ouii'h and sli^htly-ti'oddcn t'oot-jtaths, wide euoui^^h 
 only to |)erinit travelloi's to pass tlirou_i;'h the woods iu 
 • Iiiiliau tile;' over s\vain]>s without eauseway ; and over 
 rivers and brooks, uid^ridged save \>y the ' win<li'all,' 
 which htid sti'otcdied itself across the stream, and over 
 which the unpractioed traveller must erooj) on 'all 
 f nirs,' after tlie fashion of the i)ear. After preaehinu; at 
 J^)seway, where there were a few members, and at Cape 
 Xegro, wliere he was hospitably entertained, Garrettson 
 waded through ' mud and water' to Barrington. His 
 friend and himself sat down on a hirge stone, uncertain 
 whether any one would receive them. A Xewlight 
 preacher had warned the people against him, as ' legal, 
 and destitute of faith;' and a Calvinist minister, who 
 liad for a time preached in the township, had written 
 them, that 'there was one flarrettson goijig through the 
 country who was a dangerous ' Arminian,' and had 
 <'autioned them to bo on their guard against him. 
 
 At the head of the harbor stood the ineeting-hoiLse. 
 Xearly all the original settlers of Jiarrington, by whom 
 the building had been erected, were Congregationalists, 
 but the absence of doors and windows, seemed to indicate 
 a willingness to place it at the disposal of any who 
 might wish to occupy it. (larrettson's travelling 
 ^•ompanion therefore gave notice thata stranger intended 
 to ]jre;ich there, an hour before sunset. At the time 
 appointed twenty persons came, listened, and then 
 retired. Garrettson and his friend were making up their 
 minds to spend the night in the meeting-house, when u 
 'good woman' returned, and inviteil them to her home.. 
 This friend in need, whose long and useful life tormi- 
 
T 
 
 \ I 
 
 J ; 
 
 !S 
 
 'Pi 
 
 108 
 
 ITTSTOJiY OF METIIODLSM 
 
 iiatcd in 185(1 Jit the rijte i\\iv u\' iiiiioly->i\, is si ill 
 reinombored in Barrin^'ton, as Maiy, the Aviic of Joscjili 
 Homer, Esqr, Uiidei' the preach inii; of (inn ett son. slie 
 sought and found rest in the atonement of Chii^-t, 
 and became a useful cliristian, jnesenting in old aue, 
 according to the testimony of one wlio knew her Avell, 
 ' a pleasing and interesting picture of <{uiet, calm, ])at lent, 
 uncomplaining waiting for her a])[»ointed time.' The 
 next evening (larrettson preached to a few more. On 
 Sunday, a hundred listened to him, Init still ' looked 
 very coldly' upon him. In the evening he preached on 
 an island seven miles off, where he was kindlj' received 
 by Mr. S., asensil)le man.' On another evening ho visit- 
 ed a smaller island. 
 
 The cool )'ecei)tion wliich Garrettson had met, led 
 him at times to despair of accomplishing anytliing for 
 hi.s Master, at Bari'ington. On the following Sabbath 
 all his fears were dispelletl. On the morning of that 
 (hiy, he arose in great mental distress; and at the 
 hour appointed for service, went to the meeting-house, 
 whore none awaited his arrival. 'Upon this,' he writes, 
 • I retired into a wood a])out a quarter of a mile from the 
 place, and entreated the Lord to send out the peo)>le, 
 and bless His word. Upoti returning to the meeting- 
 house, T saw the people assembling trom every part of 
 the town, and in a little while we had a lai'ge company. 
 The cloud that had oppressed my mind instantly 
 vanished, the Scriptures opened to me, and the word of 
 the Loi'd reached the hearts of the hearers. Between 
 two and three hundred were awakened in a greater or 
 less degree. After the meeting it appeared that their 
 sh^-ness and prejudices were all removed, and they came 
 around me on ever}" side, with tears inviting me to their 
 houses. After a few days spent at Shelburne, Garrettson 
 
ly THE LOWPUl PHOViycKS. 
 
 Wd 
 
 H' 
 
 K' 
 
 a( 
 
 10 
 
 of 
 i\-. 
 
 ■n 
 or 
 dr 
 
 10 
 
 roturnod to Marriiiictoii. IFo i'oiind tlial \vv\ H-w I'aiuilii 
 had pussrd uniufliioiicod tln'()iii;-Ii this visitaiioii of tl 
 Spirit. At tho lioad of tho liai-hor, as \vo!l as on il 
 ishuids, ho visitod iioarly all tlie dwolliiii;-s, and liiiiliii^^' 
 tho pi'oplo i;'eiioi"illy wiliiiii^ to unito in ohiirch-iiu'inlior- 
 ship. on what thoy oaliod tho ' Anniiiiaii phiii." lu- lornu'tl 
 a oliiir(di of fifty moniboi's. Twonty of llicsc wore 
 hoiiovod hy (Jurrettsoii to havo oxporionot'd tho h)\'o ot 
 (lotl. ' Tlioro liavo Ix'oii,' ho wi-oto in rofoionco to tho 
 work at Barriiii;"toii ami tho noiii;hl>orlioo<l, -as many 
 oloar and poworfiil oonvoi'sions as 1 havo soon in any ))ai'l 
 of thoStatos.' Jiosidos tiioso <j!;athorod into the fold, tlioi'o 
 woro many o.'irnost soi'kors. Four loadors, and two 
 stowai'ds woro apjtointod to wat(di ovor tho inforo>ts of 
 tho society. 
 
 At (^aj)o Xog'ro, wliore ton familios llioii rosidcd. tho 
 results attending (larrottson's ministry were not los 
 marked than ut Bai-j-ington. Few individuals reinainod 
 iinimpi'ossod. One man, who liad l)!t.oi'ly rcproachod 
 his wife for her atton<lanoo u])on tho soi-vii'os. wont 
 himself, was cut to tho heart, and was soon, with his 
 wife, enabled to I'ejoico in (lod. Anionic: others who 
 sought forgiveness was a hidy, tlie wife of a •grnlK'nian 
 of fortune,' who had l)oen converted in oliildliood under 
 tlie preaching of Wosky and AVhittield in I^iigland. and 
 had been received as a convert l)y tho lattoi'. but who 
 had, througli unfriendly influences, wandoreil. from her 
 (lod. Garrettson formed in tlie settlement a class ot" 
 sixteen memljors, ten of \n honi professed to ha\o obtained 
 foru'iveness of sins. 
 
 During that season of grace, Samuel Osborne Doane, 
 Sr., .]']sq., with his wife, who a few months later, under 
 the ministry of (larj'ettson's .successor, first tnisii-d in 
 Christ, united with the Methodist Church. Their tive 
 
-^ 
 
 
 ill 
 
 170 
 
 IIISTOllY OF MJ'JT/fOniSM 
 
 i-Iiil(li*oii wci't' l)a|ttis(.'(l by (iiii'i'clison. Tlic, jJi-oiniMcnl 
 ])f)>it-i(»n occiipicMl hy Mr. Doaiu' in tlio tovviisliij) of 
 Han-inu'loii, rciidci-c'd his coiisistciil litb Ji i^re.'it hlcssjiii;- ; 
 mid the tvu^uhirity with which, a^sistoil by Jonathan 
 Smith, ho niaintai?ie(l tiio .Sahl)atl» ami woc'k-(Uiy sorvit-cs 
 in I ho al)S('uco of Iho proaohoi*, — sucii ahsoneo hoin^" liio 
 rule i-athoi' than the exeo[>ti()n at that period, — was said, 
 many years after his (h'eease in 1S24, hy a venoi'alde 
 resi(hMit of the townsliip, to he tli<' |»rinei))al cause of the 
 • c(»ini»aratively coninieiKhihle condition of society,' in the 
 noi<j;hhorhood in whicli he had livcil and died. In Api'il. 
 ISTI. .lames, the hist survivor of t lie tive e'.ildren l)a)»- 
 ti/,ed hy (iarrottson in 17H0, died at the a_n'o ol ninety 
 four. ' From the oai'l}' niornini;' till the loni;- eventide of 
 life,' it was said, ' tho tear of (lod was ever before James 
 I>oane. 
 
 Durinii; tho summer of 17S0, Garrottson called to his 
 assistance a youuijj man, who, under his auspices, entered 
 the itinoi-ancy, and became one of tho most hiu:hly 
 esteemed ministers of early provincial ^lethodisni. James 
 Mann was a brother of John Mann. Thou<;-h a descendant 
 of the unexcitablo Dutch settlers of Xew Amsterdam, 
 afterwards Xew York, he possessed a good degree of wit 
 and vivacity. In his earlier days he was gay and thought- 
 less. An incident related of him by one who, iii early 
 manhood, had known him well, shows him to have been 
 possessed of a large measure of sclf-roliance. Having had 
 occasion to leave the city of Now York at an early period 
 of tho war, ho sought protection by means of a pass from 
 the Cronoral commanding the British trooj)s. This pass 
 he cai'ofuily concealed about Ids person. In spite of his 
 vigilance, however, he fell into the hands of a ])arty of 
 American scouts. Tho attainment of liberty became 
 now his chief concern ; and to the morality of the man- 
 
IX THE LOW Ell PROVrXC'ES. 
 
 171 
 
 to his 
 
 itored 
 
 iii-hlv 
 lines 
 lunt 
 lam, 
 fwit 
 ught- 
 lai'ly 
 
 1)0011 
 
 «;• luul 
 )oriod 
 from 
 pass 
 of his 
 ty of 
 ooame 
 d man- 
 
 nor f)f its aUa'niinont lio n'avo little Ihoui^ht. Tlis <j;oiioral 
 (•(iin'oi'stition, as well as liis an>\vorst() iiMiuiiMo-^, all \V(Mit 
 to j)i-ovo him a staunch i .»-|)ati'i()t an<l frioml <'|' iIkoo 
 fi'oiu whom it ^vas his solo objoct to i^ot froo. linviiiL;' 
 heen handed over to tho offuHM* in charge of tho ])<>>{, lie 
 olttainod duriiii;' tho tomporaiy ahsenoo of thai (dlicor, an 
 introdiu'tion to his rosidonci', where, hy his pleasant 
 manners, Ids loyal-whiu' oonvorsation, and his IJovolii- 
 tionary son!:i;s, he complotoly removed all siis])i('ion on 
 the part of the ofKooi''s wife, and sooiiivd a shai'o in tlu' 
 hos]>italities of the honsohold. Tho olKeer idm->olf, on 
 his I'ottii'n, was so woll satisrtcMJ with the aoeount i;-ivo!i 
 coneei'nino- his movements by the younij; man, and with 
 tliat ii;ivon of hei" pi-isonor by his hospitable kee])or, that 
 he poi'mitted him to pi'oeood on his journey in possession 
 of a pass from a Whii:; olHeer. Thus doubly pi-otoctoil, 
 ho aooomjdished his pur[)ose. Many years later, when 
 relating the incident, he ujravely remarked, ' 1 would 
 not do so now,' ' No ! not do this to obtain your liberty ?" 
 said the gentloman to whom he had related the eireum- 
 stanee. • Xol' was the firm rei)ly, ' 1. would not utter 
 an unti'uth to ii-ain libortv or life' ^ 
 
 l^os|)eetin,<^' the circumstances of James Mann's con- 
 version little is known. In his native land he became 
 conscious of his need of salvation. While yet a youth, 
 he had heard Boardman and Pi 1 moor preach in New 
 York. Charmed wit'i the simplicity of the worship he 
 witnessed, and tho clearness of the doctrines to which 
 he listened, he resolved that whenever ho should enter 
 upon a religious life, he would become a Methodist. This 
 determination he carried into ett'ect previously to his 
 departure from New York. Though not then made 
 happy through tho forgiveness of sins, he, at once, with 
 
 ^5 Winthrop Sargent, Esq., in ' Woslcyan,' Oct. 22, 18G2. 
 
 ■1 
 
S 3, 
 
 172 
 
 HISTORY OF METHOniSM 
 
 that I'iixid consistency wiiicli marked liis career through- 
 out life, withdi'ew from former thoughtless associates, 
 and sought his friends air.ong the ]»eo]»]e of God. Soon 
 after he had hecome a meml)er of the Methodist Churih, 
 a lady who had fretiuentl}' met him at those social 
 gatherings in which he had taken such delight, and to 
 the mei'riment of which he had in no small measui'O 
 contriliutud hy his genial conversation, and merry song", 
 and fondness for the dance, met him, and after making 
 referejice to his absence from their circle of pleasure, 
 invited liim to join them aga'n. ' Those days, Madam,' 
 Avas his reply, ' arc passed and gone.' And when ndlied 
 !:)y his former friend about his ' ^fethodistic nonsense,' 
 and urged not to 'bury himself alive,' lie closed the 
 conversation by assuring her that sooner or later we 
 must learn, that 
 
 'For hap])inoss too Ioav they build, 
 Who l)uild below the sky.' 
 
 In New York, whei-e the I'elations between the 
 Episco|)alians and Methodist^ were of a friendly charac- 
 ter, James Mann frecpiently acted as clerk in the ser- 
 vices conducted by Charles Fnglis, afterwards the first 
 Bisliop of the Ej)iscopal Church in ]^ova Scotia. 
 
 A strong attachment to Britain led him to leave 
 New York for Nova Scotia, with the thousands of exiles 
 who found their way to the ]»rovince in ^'~^^'^. Afterhiw 
 arrival in the land of his adoption, he sought aini obtain- 
 ed a consciousness of the Divine favor, through the 
 remission of sins that are past. It has been staled on 
 good authority, that he himself was wont to sjieak oilhe 
 appearance of a young friend, lately deceased, under 
 circumstances which seemed indicative of the utter 
 abaiidoimient of hope, as the cause which led him to 
 ,seek more earnestly for an assui'anceof aecejjtance witl) 
 
 '% 
 
IN THE LOWER PEOViyCES. 173 
 
 'I 1 
 
 ^lve 
 
 A'S 
 
 lis 
 n- 
 
 he 
 
 on 
 lie 
 t'l' 
 
 tor 
 to 
 
 ill) 
 
 Christ.*' Whatever diftereiu'cs of opinion may exist 
 respecting the probaliility or iniprobjibility of the cause 
 stated, the fact is cleurl}^ established tliat James Mann, 
 at the foot of the cross, by whatever means he may liave 
 been led to that sacred spot, had felt the power of the 
 atoninii; blood, and liad made a com])lete surrender of 
 self to Christ. For some time lie taught school at 
 Liverpool. While ii resident of that town, he was invi- 
 to i b}' the committee of the Ccmgrcgational Church to 
 assist in conductirig the services in • Old Zion,' in the 
 absence of a pastor, or of any visiting preacher. His 
 efforts were highly appreciated by the ])eo])le of 
 Liverpool. During the summer of 178(), at the call of 
 Garrettson, ho gave himself wholly to the work for Avhich 
 God hud been steadily preparing him, and went to Bar- 
 rington, where Garrettson, in the autumn, left him in 
 charge of the new societies. 
 
 During the spring of 17!^(), AVilliam Black removed 
 his family from xVmherst to Halifax. 'The peo])le of 
 Halifax,' Garrettson reported to Wesley, 'have had very 
 little preaching of late, at whicli they ai'e much triiMl.' 
 ' It is impossible,' he added, 'to supply half the places 
 where they want us.' Some new religious elements luid 
 been introduced by the arrival of the loyalists, and the 
 comparatively small population of the city had l»ecome 
 very much divided in reliu'ious sentiment. 'There is,' 
 wrote Black, a little later, 'one largo Knglish church : one 
 small ])utch church , one Presbyterian mcetingdiouse ; 
 one Roman Catholic cha]icl ; besides a small soc'jty 
 of Quakers ; one of Sandemanians ; and one of the 
 followc' of Swedenborg; together with a few of 
 Lad}' Iluntingdon's society, and a great swarm of 
 
 ''' ' An incident of a similar character, and followed by similar 
 results, is jjiven in the Memoir of tlie Rev. Thomas Savage. ' Wes- 
 loyan Methodist Magazine,' IS'A), p. 07!). 
 
 _jilnk_ 
 
1 i 
 
 li i 
 
 iff 
 
 ^n 
 
 1T4 
 
 JITS TOUT OF METHODISM 
 
 infidels.'' As a natural i-esiilt of the frequent absence of 
 their own pastors, and of the influences by whirh they 
 Avere surrounded, the small class of .Methodists, whose 
 ])iety (iarrettson had feared to be ' not very deep 3'et,' 
 had been scattcj-ed. Ijluck on Ins arrival, immediately 
 formed another, of those who felt disposed to avail tliem- 
 selves of the privilege. J>u)"in;i: the month of Au<^ust 
 tlie pi-ospeet became mueii bi-ighter. ' For some time' 
 Black wi-ote, 'few attended preaching. However, I 
 Xvw-X (iod has again begun to work'. One or two have 
 t.'X]i('i'ienced remissi(m of sins. Yesterday several were 
 
 " Srlina, Countess of ITuntinmlon, Avas one of tlio few of noble 
 rank wUo became the friends of Metbodism. When the separation 
 took phiee between Wesley and Whitfield, she became impressed 
 witli till' idea that Wesley denied the doctrine of justification by 
 faith, and insisted u])on the saving' merit of works, and she, tlierc 
 fore, took tlie side of Whitfield. A .-hort time bt.'c . her death, 
 wjien siie read Wesley's <lyi!i^' ascriiition of his t il- ,! ion -to the 
 blood of the Land), and learned from Wesley's fellow traveller, 
 Joseph Bradford, that his preachinji' had always been in accordance 
 with his dyin^ testimony, she burst into tears, and lamented that 
 the separation had ever taken ])lace. This noble Christian woman, 
 who not only used her iutluence in the highest circles of the king- 
 dom, but oi)ened her own mansion for tlie preaching of the Gospel, 
 and expended not less than a half a nullion of dollars in iier efforts 
 to make Christ known to all classes of her countrymen, became the 
 recognized leader of the Calvinistic Methodists, gathered under the 
 ministry of Whitfield, Ilowell Harris and others. .Vniong the 
 evangelists sent by her to America, was William Firmage, who 
 landed at Halifax. He is described by one who frequently listened 
 to liim, as ' a very small, diminutive-looking: man, having a good 
 voice, and being something of an orator.' In the autunni of 1783 
 he went to Liverpool, where he occupied the pulpit of ' Old Zion ' 
 \uitil the following spring, when the opposition of the Xewlights 
 obliged him to return to Halifax. In that place, where he spent 
 the remainder of his days, he was long remendtered as agood man. 
 When dying, he said tiiat he had been trampled upon during his 
 life ; charged, like his Heavenly Master, witli l)eing irregular and 
 without authority as a teacher; and esteemed of no repute: and 
 desired that his body should be interred just inside the gate of the 
 old burying ground, where all who ])assed in and out might v/alk 
 over it. Tiie strange request was complied with. The stoiu' which 
 marked his grave was removed some years before the closing of 
 tlie cemetery, as an obstruction to funerals entering the large gate. 
 
IS THE LOWER monxcKs. 
 
 ^ of 
 
 cly 
 ?m- 
 ust 
 lie' 
 
 :ive 
 ero 
 
 )ble 
 tion 
 'sed 
 
 itli, 
 the 
 lor, 
 nco 
 tliiit 
 tin, 
 ng- 
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 )rts 
 tlie 
 the 
 the 
 •ho 
 led 
 lod 
 ■83 
 
 its 
 'lit 
 
 us 
 
 lid 
 
 he 
 Ik 
 :'li 
 of 
 
 .e. 
 
 ei'viiig' ill the liittci'iicss of tlicir f^ouls, gi-ojiniiiii' lor 
 vecloin|)ti(»ii. Our coiiixi'o^i'utions also inert'Use fast. .L;i>i 
 iiii^ht our todin was lu-ai'ly lillotl. AVc liave now tliiity' 
 two in society." 
 
 Amonii" those wlio wei-e led into tlie enitnineiil of an 
 
 assurance of .Divine I'avor, thi'oui''h the iiistiui 
 
 lU'iitalit V 
 
 of Pilacks niinistry at this jiei'iod, >vas one who Iccaiiie 
 iKJt only a [)illar of >trcnu'tli to the ^Icthodisi chureh in 
 Halifax, where he re>i.led until tlie close of lil'e. neai-l\' 
 half a cent urv lalei'. hul who hv his charactci'. and hy 
 his nen. exerted an iniliieiice hiuhU' faNorahle t.'^- his 
 
 J. to 
 
 Mast 
 
 er s cause, m tt mm ii wider sjiheic 
 
 A K'xaiidcr 
 
 *' oltice 
 
 Andei'soii was at this lime the second cleric in th 
 f the Naval Storekee])er at the Dock'yai'd, in 1 
 
 o 
 
 ^^ 
 
 t < I 
 
 hit 
 
 e in'osecutinij: his .-Indies a 
 
 t Ki 
 
 na 
 
 Coll 
 
 l'Li'(' 
 
 Al 
 
 icr- 
 
 dct'ii. he \vas olfere<l hy a ^1 1'. (\)rt, the jxisition ot tuior 
 
 to h 
 
 us tamilv, Avlioni in' Wiis ali()iit to taki. 
 
 to .M 
 
 iramiciu, 
 
 Plea. 
 
 ed with the prosj) 
 
 e*. 
 
 X of 
 
 a'omu" ani'oad, timl anxuMn 
 
 to avoid the heateii {(alh in v \\\c\\ yoiinu,' men at that day 
 
 irenor; 
 
 V moved, he imiiK-ii 
 
 itek 
 
 accc] 
 
 I ted 
 
 in ollcr wluc 
 
 he feared friends miaht nr^'c him to decline; and in ten 
 (M' twelve days from th.e date of the ])ro])osal. went ')n 
 hoard sliip for London. The four years >|)eiit hy him at 
 Miramichi were }'eai's of sore disci])line. American 
 ])rivateers prevented tlie prosecution ol' the fisheries, 
 while tlie Indians, who were very numerous, and under 
 the influence of American emissaries, ajiprojiriated the 
 cattle, rohhcd filestore-, and luirned some of the dwell- 
 iiiiis of the settlers ; and passing uj) and down the i-iver, 
 with dcafenini:: shout.- and veils, threatcnecl to de-trov 
 their lives. I'he discijiline of ijiat ]»eriod. he afterwar<l.'^ 
 felt to he salutarv. ' Trials," he assured a former 
 teacher. ' tauicht me more reliu-ion than many >er- 
 inuns,' In 17'S1, lie lel't Mirainichi for Halifax, where. 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 witli little influence to aid him, he sceui'cd an 
 easy, yet ivniimerative position. In that position, 
 his intlcxiMe intei;'i'ity, severely testal, gained hini 
 the full fontidenee of those in authority, Avhile it 
 ]iossil»ly I'etarded his promotion, Dui'ing a visit to 
 I'hifi'land in 1T82, he was introdueed to John Newton, the 
 Jieetor of St. ]\rary Woolnooth. I>etter known in eonnee- 
 tion with his early I'esidenee at Olney, wliere lie heeame 
 the intimate friend of tlie poet Cowper. While in London 
 he attended the ministry of Mr. Newton, hv whom he was 
 kindly Aveleomeil to his residence. For several years 
 occasional letters passed Ijetween tlieni. The cori'cspon- 
 dence is indicative of an anxiety on the part of one to 
 receive -spiritual g'uiihince, and of a willingness on the 
 part of the other to impart it. Respecting Mi*. Anderson's 
 visit to I'jnghind, Mr. Newton wrote him in 1788, in his 
 own j)eculiar style, ' I trust you are tliankful to the Lord, 
 and you have reason to be so. If during your absence 
 from Halifax, you had made a voyage to Solomon's 
 (.)}>hir, and returned with a ship ladeii with gold, all 
 your own ]>roperty, the ]»eople of the place would hav«^ 
 envied and admired your success. But you made a still 
 more gainful voyage. You brought from thence a cargo 
 of sin and uneasiness, which you exchanged in England 
 for the ])eace aiul comfort of the (lospel. IIow ditferent 
 were your views in coming hither, from the Lord's views 
 concerning you. When Saul was wholly taken up in 
 seeking his lather's asses, Samuel surprised him with the 
 news of a kingdom, which he had not thought of. I have 
 reason to be very tlnudcful that the Lord gave me the 
 lionor of ])ointing out to you His gracious purposes in 
 your favor, and of, putting you in possession of a treasure 
 unspeakably more valuable than the wealth of both the 
 Indies.' 
 
 'I 
 
 ■I 
 
 
^ 
 
 IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 177 
 
 an 
 
 To ' live soberly, righteously and godly,' in the state 
 of religion and morals then prevailing in Ilaliftix, and 
 especially in the circle in which Mr. Anderson had been 
 accustomed to move, involved a struggle of unusual 
 severity. Such a life could be maintained only by a de- 
 termination made in the strength of grace. No com- 
 promise could be permitted. It does not appear that any 
 was attempted. He revised his list of friends, and with- 
 drew irom the more gay and thoughtless, while he cher- 
 ished an acquaintance with the few pious individuals he 
 had found. Communion with the latter, some of whom 
 were connected with the Dockyard, and correspondence 
 with John Newton, from whom he received a yearly let- 
 ter, proved a help to him. It does not appear that previous- 
 ly to 1786 he had attended any of the Methodist services. 
 By training a Presbyterian, and in consequence of the ab- 
 sence of a minister of that church at the time of his 
 arrival at Halifax, an attendant at Episcopal services, 
 he had no predilection for either the doctrines, or the 
 economy of Methodism. He was led, however, in the 
 spring of 1786, to listen to the Methodist itinerants. He 
 was charmed with their preaching. * We have frequent 
 visits,' he wrote in June of that year to a friend in Eng- 
 land, ' from spiritual preachers, and I thank Jesus for it. 
 I am just from hearing one of that description, wiui 
 preached near Blackadar'e. His instruction was great, 
 but his audience small. Indeed, it is almost a reproach 
 to frequent such meetings, which aiv composed of the 
 poorest class of citizens, and derided by the magistrates, 
 whose duty in an especial manner it is to correct morals, 
 and inculcate virtue and piety,' In a letter writlcn in 
 August to his father, in Morayshire, Stvtland, he in- 
 formed him that ' it had pleased God, especially of late, 
 to visit his soul with much of his grace, light, and love,' 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 iM 
 
 and to teach him ' whv he had been bowed dovvn with 
 spiritual tribulation, from eight years of age.' Hence- 
 forth, his letters breathe<i a new spirit, as they bore to 
 his friends confident declarations of personal peace, 
 through the atonement of Christ, and earnest wishes lor 
 their experience of similar happiness. 
 
 Many are deeply indebte<l to Methodism, to whom 
 Methodism in turn owes little, or nothing. Some, even 
 of those who through the teachings of her pulpits have 
 been led into paths of peace, have ranged themselves 
 beside those who aft'ect to deny the right of the very men, 
 through whose agency* they were blessed, to preach the 
 very truths which came to them from the lijis of these 
 men with power, and with the demonstration of the 
 Spirit. So did not Alexander Anderson. ' Unpopular as 
 Methodism,' remarks I)r. Eichey, ' then was in the com- 
 munity, and likel}' as an intimate and open association 
 with it was to expose him to the charge of enthusiasm 
 and imbecility, and to impede his promotion to a situation 
 of greater emolument under government, he was not the 
 man, for any temporal consideration^, to sup2)res8 his 
 convictions of truth, or falter in his allegiance to Christ.' 
 Eesfnecting one of the aristocratic homes of the city, at 
 whic'iii he had been a frequent and welcome visitor, he 
 wrote. ' I have not visited there since the ceremony. 
 Keligion hm dissolved the connection. I found a con- 
 straint in my mind to leave the Church, where I received 
 little or no spiritual comfort, and to join the Methodists, 
 whom I have long desire<l to see in this place. This step 
 
 has given universal offence, — and in particular to 
 
 who is a rigid Churchman. — but, blessed be God, who 
 allowed me not to confer with flesh and blood. I would 
 gladly, he added, 'describe to j'ou my condition, my 
 comfort, my bliss, but you cannot, unless changed in 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 ji 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 179 
 
 vho 
 
 Hild 
 
 my 
 
 in 
 
 I 
 
 heart, be able to comprehend it, for it is spiritually dis- 
 cerned.' Even by his valued correspondent, John Newton, 
 the tidings which he expected would aftbrd great 
 |»leasaro were received with expressions indicative of re- 
 iiret, rather than of satisfaction. The poet- pastor who 
 
 had written, 
 
 'T.'s a point I long to know, 
 
 Oft it causes anxious thought ; 
 Do I love my God, or no. 
 
 Am I his, or am I not ? 
 
 was not prepared to sympathize fully with his friend in 
 the joy caused by the direct witness of the Spirit of God 
 with his spirit, to his acceptance as a child of God ; nor 
 to rejoice in his union with those who made the i)rivilege 
 of all believers to enjoy this direct assurance of the for- 
 giveness of sin, a prominent article of their creed. 
 
 From the day that Mr. Anderson's name was en- 
 rolled as a member of the Methodist Church, he was, as 
 one who knew him well remarked, ' both as to strength 
 and ornament, a pillar in the church. For many years 
 he o^iciated as a leader, and local preacher. His gifts in 
 the pulpit w^ere not of the most attractive character, but 
 the veneration which his character inspired, always 
 ensured for him an attentive and respectful hearing.' He 
 was spared to the church in Halifax until 1833, when 
 his friends missed him from his place at the door of the 
 <hurch, at the quarterly love feast ; and from his seat 
 r>eneath the pulpit, at the communion services. He died 
 as he had lived, proclaiming that ' God is love.' 
 
 While Garrettson had been thus engaged at Shelburne 
 and Barrington, and Black at Halifax, in the summer of 
 17S6, Cromwell had been at Windsor, and John Mann at 
 Livei-pool. William Grandin, a young man, formerly of 
 New Jersey, where he had become a Methodist, had also 
 Ix-en called into the ministry, and sent to Cumberland. 
 
i 
 
 't I 
 
 180 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 While returning to Halifax in the autumn, Garrettson 
 marked with pleasure the growth of the little church at 
 Liverpool. At his first visit, in 1785, he had administered 
 the Lord's Supper to seven communicants ; he had now 
 the pleasure of distributing the memorials of his Saviour's 
 death to no less than sixty persons. 
 
 A singular and sad incident, illustrative of the view 
 which our lathers in some cases took of the privilege of 
 the * benefit of clergy,' took place in connection with 
 John Mann's ministry at Liverpool, during the summer. 
 This was the presence, durmg the morning and afternoon 
 services on a certain Sabbath, of a prisoner, convicted of 
 the murder of his wife at Port Mouton, and under sentence 
 of execution on the following day. Properly guarded, the 
 prisoner was conveyed from the jail to the church, and 
 placed in a position in which he might be directly 
 addressed by the preacher. ' Mr. Mann,' says an eye- 
 witness, 'addressed himself to him in both discourses, in 
 a very affecting manner.' The next day the unhappy 
 man was hanged on the common, in the rear of the church. 
 John Mann attended him to the scaffold, and thought him 
 a true penitent. 
 
 Arrangements had been made, in the spring of 
 1186, for a Conference during the autumn of that year. 
 The ministers and laymen in Nova Scotia, had, for some 
 time, felt the disadvantages arising from their irregular 
 mode of working, consequent upon the largeness of the 
 field, and the smallness of the number of laborers. 
 They had also looked, with a sad consciousness of their 
 inability to occupy it, at the inviting field which New 
 Brunswick, with a population of many thousands, pre- 
 sented to the Christian laborer. Letters from Dr. Coke, 
 informing them that he expected to reach Nova Scotia 
 late in September, or early in October, with one or two 
 
 i 
 
 
 ^Ijfp» 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 181 
 
 I I 
 
 the 
 'ers. 
 
 1 
 
 otia 
 two 
 
 missionaries to be stationed in the province, led to llie 
 appointment of a meeting at Halifax, early in October. 
 
 The sessions of the Conference were begun on the 
 10th of that month. To the great disappointment of the 
 Ijreachers and their friends, Dr. Coke failed to make his 
 ap2)earan€e. No tidings reached them in explanation 
 of his absence. The lateness of the season, and the 
 difficulty of travelling, made ])Ostponenient impossilile ; 
 they therefore continued the sessions for four days. 
 Their deliberations were characterized by unanimity of 
 .sentiment, and brotherly love. Garrettson and Black 
 were appointed to the immense Halifax circuit, extend- 
 ing from Halifax to Digby ; John Mann was re-appointed 
 to Liverpool ; Cromwell and James Mann were placed 
 in charge of Shelburne and Barrington ; and Grandin 
 was sent back to Cumberland. 
 
 Five hundred and ten members were reported in 
 connection with the missions in Xova Scotia, in the 
 English Minutes of 1786. According to a letter from 
 Garrettson to Asbury, forty of these were in Halifax ; 
 sixty at Horton, Windsor, Cornwallis, and the adjacent 
 neighborhoods; nearly one hundred at Annapolis, Gran- 
 ville, and Bigby ; forty at Liverpool ; about fifty at 
 Cumberland ; and between two and three hundred at 
 Shelburne. The results of the toil of the summer, highly 
 Huccessful in several circuits, had been reaped after these 
 returns had been forwarded. 
 
 Finances were low, and allowances small. Sixteen 
 dollars per (piarter, in addition to lx)ard and lodging, 
 was the amount of each itinerant's claim. A large margin 
 was thus left for the exercise of Christian 2)rinciple, in 
 those circuits in which married preachers were stationed. 
 The ' Contingent Fund ' had been nearly exhausted by 
 the purchase of two horses for the use of the itinerants. 
 
182 
 
 mSTOEY OF METHODISE! 
 
 m 
 
 Dr. Coke failed to rcaeli Nova Scotia, defeated in his^ 
 purpoHo by a power against whicli it wan impossible to 
 contend. With John ('lark and William llammet, 
 appointed to Newfoundland ; and William Warrcnner, 
 appointed to remain in Nova Scotia for a Hhort time, at 
 the expiration of which he was to proceed to Antigua, 
 l)r. Coke embarked at Gravesend, on the 24th of Septem- 
 ber, lor Halifax. Head winds and stormy weather so 
 delayed them that they did not see the Land's-End until 
 the 12th of October. The voyage proved most disastrous 
 and perilous. On the 24th, when in mid-ocean, the 
 vessel became leaky ; on the 27th, the first of a success- 
 ion of gales began, which increased in fury, until, touso 
 the captain's words, it seemed, at one time, as if the 
 clouds, the air, and the sea were all commingled. The 
 Doctor and his three companions in black became 
 objects of strong suspicion on thp part of the captain, 
 who, at length, almost frantic, rushed into the cabin, 
 seized the Doctor's papers, which he threw overboard, 
 and then laid hold on the Doctor himself. The latter 
 fared better than Jonah in the hands of the shipmaster 
 of Joppa. The captain gave him a few hearty shakes, 
 accompanied by hard words, which indicated, without 
 any possibility of mistake, the nature of his views and 
 feelings. On the night of the 4th of December, the storni 
 seemed to gather new strength, and the ship oozed at 
 every joint, as if in her last agony. A council was held, 
 at which the captain expressed his despair of reaching 
 Halifax. The unanimous opinion was, that their only 
 chance of safety lay in running before the wind to the 
 West Indies. No sooner was the head of the vessel 
 turned in that direction, than, as the Doctor remarked, 
 ' it seemed as if angels blew the gale.' The storm abated, 
 the clouds broke away, and the winds and w^aves bor». 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 183 
 
 the Bhattercdship, and her livin<r froi^.ht,^rontly onward 
 to Anti-.ui. On that i.shmd, tlie misHionarics hinded on 
 tlie mornin- of Chri.stma.s, and, walkin- up tho town o^ 
 St. George's, met John Baxter, the solitary Methodist 
 laydahorer, on Iiis way to conduct service in the rude 
 cliapel, which he had nearly built with his own hands. -^ 
 « Etheridge's 'Life of Coke,' pp. 159-1G4, 
 

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 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 METHODISM IN THE LOWER PROVINCES, FROM THE 
 
 FIRST CONFERENCE IN 1786, TO THE CLOSE OF 
 
 THE CONFERENCE YEAR 1790-1. 
 
 Use of the press by Methodists. Influence of Fletcher's works. 
 John Allison. Toils and successes of the preachers durinff tlie 
 winter of 1786-7. Return of Garrettson and Cromwell to the 
 United States. Review of Garrettson's labors in Nova Scotia. 
 Charles White. Arrival of William Jessop. State of the work 
 in the Province during the summer of 1787. John Black. Se- 
 cond Conference. Arrival of James Wray. His appointment as 
 Superintendent by Wesley. Political excitement in the Pro- 
 vince. Wesley's views respecting ordination. Ordination 
 of William Black, John Mann and James Mann at Philadel- 
 phia. Resignation of the Superintendency by Wray, and ap- 
 pointment of Black to the office. Irregular Itinerancy of that 
 day. Growth of the work. Opening of Methodist Church in 
 Sackville, N.B. Visit of Thomas Owens, a West Indian Mis- 
 sionary, at Liverpool. Thomas Whitehead. Removal of Wray 
 to the West Indies. James Mann at New York. Wesley's 
 death. Meeting of Black with Coke at Philadelphia. 
 
 The value of the press, as an aid to the work of the 
 preaclier, has been recognized by the leaders of Metho- 
 dism from the earliest period of her history. To Benson, 
 one of the first of his preachers addicted to literary 
 labors, Wesle}' wrote; 'Simplify religion, and evei-y part 
 of learning.' What Wesley advised, he had previously 
 practiced. His literary labors alone might have tilled 
 up the space allotted to several men of ordinary energy. 
 He was the founder of the system of cheap publications, 
 sustained by large sales, so successfully carried out a 
 the present day. Two thirds of the numerous articles 
 ])ublished by him, previously to 1756, on grammar, logic, 
 medicine, music, poetry, theology and philosophy were 
 sold by him at less than a shilling each, and more than 
 one fourth at a penny. To the number of these he con- 
 
/iV THE LOWER PROVINCES. Ih5 
 
 tinned to add to the clone of hi.s life. The whole of his 
 writings, ut the time of his death, although many of 
 them had passed through ten or twenty editions, could 
 not be ])urchased for less than ten guineas, though pub- 
 lished at prices 'surprisingly' cheap. * At the beginning 
 of 1778 he issued the first number of tho 'Arminian 
 Magazine,' which, while under his own management, 
 bore a closer resemblance to the more popular religious 
 monthlies of the present day, than it has done under thf 
 control of his successors. Under the title of the ' AVesleyan 
 Methodist Magazine,' it is now tho oldest religious peri- 
 odical in the world, having entered into the liun- 
 dredth year of its publication. Wesley's efforts to cir- 
 culate his publications were in accordance with the 
 energy shown in their preparation. To his itinerants, he 
 said, ' See that every society is supi)lied with books, 
 some of which ought to be in every house.' 
 
 The founders of American Methodism were careful 
 in this respect to follow Wesley's example. Kuberl 
 Williams, one of the first lay-evangelists, printed and 
 circulated Wesley's sermons. His enterju'ise, Jesse Lee 
 states, ' resulted in great advantage to religion, by open- 
 ing the way for the preachers, where these had never 
 been before.' After the ])rohibition of independent 
 publication on the part of the preachers, by the first 
 Conference in 1773, it became necessary that they should 
 be united in the etfort to use the press for religious pur- 
 poses. At the Conference of 1789, John Dickens was 
 therefore designated Book Agent. At Philadeijthia, 
 during that year, he began the work of the Methodist 
 Book Concern, attending at the same time to his duties 
 as preacher and pastor. That establishment, removed 
 at a later period to Now York, is now tho largest religi- 
 ous publishing house in the world. 
 
 ' Stevens' ' History of the M. E. Church,' vol. 4, p. 457-460. 
 
 .i.'i 1 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 ^1' 
 
 18G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Some initial steps in the Hame direction wore taken 
 by the ministers of the small Provincial ("(inference, 
 darin<^ the nintcr of 1786. Few in number, 
 unable to Hup])ly ' half the places' where they wore 
 wanted, and with little hope of obtainini^ hel])ers from 
 Asbiiry, in the I'ooin of those driven away with Coke 
 by the tempest to (ho West Indies, they resolved to call 
 to their aid the help of the press. They were also led 
 to take this stop by the irregularity of communication 
 with Britain, and the consequent difficulty of obtaininij^ 
 Wesley's publications, when needed. An oi'der, forward- 
 ed by Garrettson to Wesley, indicates the character of 
 the mental food on which the spiritual life of the Me- 
 thodists of that day i;rew strong and vigorous. 'The 
 ' Saint's Host,' and hymn books are wanted,' said Gar- 
 rettson; ' the small select hymn-book would sell ; some 
 pieces displaying the nature, manner and doctrine of 
 the Methodists ; your journal and sermons ; and Mr. 
 Walsh's life. Deai- Mr, Fletcher's works have been a 
 blessing in Cornwallis and Horton.' In March, 1787, 
 Garrettson informed Weslo}^ that he had not received 
 any books since his ai-rival in the province. ' We thought 
 it expedient,' he added ' to have about fifty pounds worth 
 printed, as the printer was at Icijuro this winter. Ho 
 printed several tracts very reasonably. The printer, 
 thus at leisure, was John Howe, the father of the late 
 Hon. Joseph Howe. From the bill, it appeal's that twen- 
 ty-two pounds of tlio sum named were ex])ondetl in the 
 reprinting of ' Wesley's Short History of the people call- 
 ed Methodists.' Wesley's sermon on tho death of Mr. 
 Fletcher' was also jirinted by Mr. Howe alxnit the same 
 time, and was sold at sixpence per copy. "\\ esloy wrote, 
 'I do not blame you for printing these tracts.' Tho 
 itinerants were not wholly responsible for their circula- 
 
wn 
 
 I^' THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 187 
 
 taken 
 
 
 renoo, 
 
 ; 
 
 imljor, 
 
 ;) 
 
 wore 
 
 
 from 
 
 '■'. 
 
 Coko 
 
 -P. 
 
 to call 
 
 I 
 
 80 lod 
 
 cation 
 
 
 aining 
 
 
 I'ward- 
 
 
 ster of 
 
 
 le Me- 
 
 
 'Tho 
 
 
 id Gar- 
 
 
 ; some 
 
 
 rino of 
 
 
 nd Mr. 
 
 
 been a 
 
 
 , 1787, 
 
 
 eceivcd 
 
 
 thought 
 
 
 s worth 
 
 
 or. Ho 
 
 
 )rinter, 
 
 
 the late 
 
 
 it twen- 
 
 
 in the 
 
 
 plo call- 
 
 
 of Mr. 
 
 
 ho same 
 
 
 Y wrote, 
 
 
 ; The 
 
 
 circula- 
 
 
 tion. For a number of yearH Alexander Anderson kept 
 a small supply of standard works and tracts for sale, 
 and each Methodist seemed to consider himself in duty 
 bound to promote the circulation of these as much as 
 |)ossible. 
 
 Few men have so clearly illustrated by personal 
 examj)le the height of saintliness which man may reach 
 on earth, or ho successfully presented by the pen the 
 scriptural doctrine that Christ died for all, as Wesley's 
 counsellor and co-adjutor, John Fletcher, the vicar of 
 Madelcy, in Shropshire. The case of Dr. Kush, the 
 eminent philanthropist of Philadelphia, is but one of 
 many which attest the influence of Fletcher's writings. 
 Joshua Marsden, with whom the readers of these pages 
 will soon become familiar, witnessed the funeral of that 
 celebrated man, and heard from the lips of Thcmias F. 
 Sargent, then a pupil of Rush, a dooply interesting 
 statement. Sargent, having heard the Doctor speak 
 upon a subject, more largely treated by Fleteher, asked 
 him if he had met with the writings of the latter. *■ Yes,' 
 replied the Doctor, 'I know the writings of that great 
 and good man well : and can assure you that he was the 
 first that knocked the shackles of absolute, unconditional 
 predestination from my mind. Before I read his works, 
 I could not pray for all men, but he sot me at liberty ; 
 and if I meet him in heaven, I will thank him and say, 
 " You, Mr. Fletcher, gave me just views of God's love 
 to the human family." ' 
 
 Among those reported by Garrettson to have 
 been benefitted, in Cornwallis and Horton, by 
 the reading of Fletcher's writings, was John Allison, 
 of the former township. Eeference has already been 
 made to the conversion of his sister, Mrs. Jonathan 
 Crane. John Allison had removed from his first proviu- 
 
 Mi ! 
 
188 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 m 
 
 cial yiomo, overlooking the beautiful valley of the 
 Gasjtereaux, to Cornwallis, where he had marricfl a 
 Hister of the Rev. Hugh Graham, the Presbyterian min- 
 ister of the township. Through the influence of eai'ly 
 training, and of later associations, his predilections were 
 all in favor ofC'alvinistic opinions. A volume of Fletcher's 
 works, which had found its way into a solitary cottage 
 in New Son^ay, whence it had been brought among their 
 household goo<ls by a family of loyalist exiles, fell into 
 the hands of John Allison. The volume was read by 
 him in the spirit of a thoughtful inquirer. He rose from 
 its perusal an Arminian in sentiment, and abandoned 
 those limited views of the atonement he had been edu- 
 cated to hold, for the scriptural doctrine of a salvation 
 through which an antidote is jirovidcd as far-reaching 
 in its influence as the evil it is intended to counteract. At 
 this crisis in his religious history true friends sought to 
 lead him to Jesus. Among these was Alexander Ander- 
 son, who, in 1787, sent him one of the tracts lately 
 printed, 'as a testimony,' so he wrote, 'of the sincere 
 regard I have for you as a person concerned in the salva- 
 tion of 3'our soul.' Mr. Allison and his wife acted in 
 accordance with their conscientious convictions, and 
 became members of the Methodist Church. From 
 Cornwall is, he removed to Horton, and thence, in 
 1804, to the 'Mantua' ftirm at Newport, where he con- 
 tinued to reside until his death in 1821. For many years 
 he represented the township of Newport in the House of 
 Assembly. As a magistrate, he sought so effectively to 
 remove rather than cherish causes of discord among 
 his neighboi-s, that, at a period when the limited number 
 of magistrates made the position of those oflficials 
 one of greater emolument than at present, his fees 
 scarcely provided his office with paper. In the work of 
 
 'tjU. 
 
f 
 
 IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 189 
 
 of 
 to 
 
 the British and Foreign Bible Society he was deeply 
 interested. The last public meeting he attentled was 
 held for the promotion of its interests; and during his 
 last sickness, he called his sons to his lx)dside, and earn- 
 estly requested them to use their influence in behalf of 
 the Society. His final illness was sudden and severe. 
 Medical skill soon proved to be in vain. To his family 
 he gave the assurance that the bitterness of death was 
 over. Soon after, he passed away, ' full of that calm 
 and peace of mind which a humble confidence in the 
 merits of his Redeemer, joined with a lively emc^tion, 
 may be supposed to produce.' The Rev. John Sprott, 
 an eccentric, but highly respected Presbyterian minis- 
 ter, from whose estimate of Mr. Allison's character, and 
 account of his death, published in a journal of that 
 day, quotations have just been given, was his warm 
 friend. In one of Mr. Sprott's latest visits to Newport, 
 he baptized a child, to whom the parents had given the 
 name of his old acquaintance. The baptism over, the 
 venerable minister ascended the pulj)it stairs, repeating 
 as he walked up, ' Very good name, very good name, 
 very good name !' To the thoughtful reading of the 
 works of Wesley and Fletcher, the Methodist fathers 
 owed largely the mature character of the piety they 
 possessed, and the ability they evinced to give with 
 ' meekness and fear,' to all inquirers, ' a reason of 
 the hope that was in them.' Their children would be 
 better prepared to oppose the ' divers and strange doc- 
 trines ' of the present day, by the logic of the lip, and to 
 silence gainsayers by the more powerful logic of the life, 
 if the works named, with others of a kindred character, 
 were more frequently under their eye, as well as upon 
 their library shelves. Enfeebled religious character 
 must be the inevitable result of the too frequent use of 
 literary and religious sweetmeats. 
 
 \ 
 
100 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 i:i 
 
 II F 
 
 During the winter of lT8f)-7, the ministers of the 
 extensive Halifax circuit wci'e cheered by a revival ;it 
 Ilorton. At that pLice, and at "Windsor and Cornwallis, 
 (rarrctfson spent the greater part of the winter, exciiang- 
 ing apjipointments occasionally with Black, on whoiu 
 devolved the care of the society at Halifax. The people 
 of Ilorton had acquired an unenviable distinction for 
 wickedness ; their attention to public and private worship 
 now became equally pi-omineut. Many were converted 
 during the winter. One person, wlio laughingly entered 
 a room where Black took for his text, ' Ye will not come 
 unto me that y^ might have life,' was seized with such 
 Htrong conviction of sin, that for a time she lost her 
 reason, receiving it again with the exulting joy of the 
 forgiven. * I have had a blessed winter among them,' 
 wrote Clarrettson, in March, 1787. ' If the work continue 
 much longer as it has done, the greater part of the people 
 will be brought in. It would cause your heart to rejoice, 
 to know what a deadly wound Antinomianism has 
 received in the town of Ilorton. My dear Master has 
 given me one of the first lawyers in Cornwallis, and his 
 lady.' At Halifax the work advanced slowly, though 
 the congregations steadily increased in number. In the 
 church erected by Marchinton, and 'famous,' as Garrettson 
 calls it, in more senses than one, Black preached for 
 the first time on the morning of Easter Sunday, 1787. 
 Tidings of a highly pleasing character reached the 
 brethren near the capital, from Liverpool, where John 
 Mann had remained during the winter. A glimpse of the 
 w^ork there may be obtained from the journal of a 
 Congregationalist, who frequently worshipped with the 
 Methodists, with whom some years later he united in 
 church-membership. ' At evening,' he wrote, on the 24th 
 of February, ' I attended meeting with the Methodist 
 
 jliJIU'3 
 
 1^ 
 

 1 1 
 
 Ii\ THE LOWER Ph'OVlNCES. 11>1 
 
 society at Mr. William Smith's. Many youiii,' ])ooj(lc 
 were ])i'aisinu; (tocI for pardonini; imMty. 1 uiKlorstaiul 
 near ten jyersons have professed that they have received 
 iiianilestations of the pardon of sin. and acceptance, thin 
 week, — six or seven of them in oiu- iiiii;ht, — and many 
 more are under conviction. A most rcmarkahle time 
 amoni^ the people.' In the course of a few weeks forty 
 persons were added to the society, seventeen of whom 
 professed to iuive ex})erienced convci'sion. From 8hel- 
 burne (Jromwell reported dei)ressin!i: influences, arising 
 from the j^revalence of disease and tiu' failure of business 
 in that town, destined to fall with haste equal to that with 
 which it Jiad risen. Failing health had abridged 
 Cromwell's power to work, yet at ('ape Negro he i'ej)(^rted 
 a ' blessed revival.' At Barrington, during the winter, 
 James Mann made full proof of his ministry. The j>eo])le 
 assembled from every quarter to hear the gospel, and 
 about fourteen, among whom were several, notorious for 
 * all manner of wickedness,' received j)ai-don of sin. Thirty 
 years later, when, from the bordt'i-land, James Mann 
 reviewed his life-work, he wrote li-om the Shelburne 
 circuit, of which at that time Barrington formed a part ; 
 ' Here began my Gospel labors, and in the tirst year of 
 my itinerancy not less than fifty members were added 
 to the society. And what has atlortled me ))eculiar 
 pleasure, is that most of the persons who professed to 
 experience a happy change at that time have continued 
 ornaments to their profession to this day.' Farly in 
 March, Garrettson reported Grand in to have retui-ned to 
 his friends. Black, in a letter written to (J randin himself, 
 a little later, refers to his having been ' so long detained 
 at the Island.' Grandin was with his brethren at the 
 Conference in the previous autumn. It is evident that 
 he resumed his work in the Cumbeiland circuit in the 
 
 I', 
 I 
 
 .. (I I 
 
 II 
 

 102 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 H))rin^, with onorgy, and with clearly marked rosultrt. 
 ' Several young porHons,' writcH Edward Dixon, ' wore 
 awakened, and Home were brought to a knowledge of the 
 truth. Some backslidor.s were also reHtored, and the 
 society wa.s reorganized. Under Grandin'.s ministry, the 
 work in the Cumberland circuit presented a more 
 encouraging aspect than it had done for several years. 
 
 The ministers who met at Halifax in the autumn of 
 1780, were destined to be widely scattered in the course 
 of a few months. After a short visit to the southern coast, 
 Garrettson returned to Halifax, and on the 10th of April, 
 1787, left that place for Boston, to meet Dr. Coke, who 
 had requested his presence at the approaching Conference 
 at Baltimore. His friends in Nova Scotia feared that 
 the loud calls for Christian laborers in his native country 
 would prevent his return. The members of the little 
 society at Windsor, at his departure from that place, 
 accompanied him some distance out of the village, and 
 bade him farewell with tears, * sorrowing, most of all, 
 lest they should see his face no more.' The fears of 
 Garrettson's friends were not without reason. Both Coke 
 and Asbury had written to him, requesting him to al- 
 low himself to be ordained Superintendent over the work 
 in the British North American provinces, and in the West 
 Indies. Their request, which was in accordance with 
 Wesley's wish, did not meet with a favorable response 
 on the part of Garrettson. ' The Lord knows,' he wrote, 
 ' I am willing to do anything in my power for the further- 
 ance of the Gospel ; but as to confining myself to Nova 
 Scotia, or any part of the world, I could not ; a good God 
 does not require it of me.' From this position he seems 
 to have receded, for a few months later he wrote in his 
 journal ; * It was with reluctance I came into this 
 province, but now I feel a willingness to labour and suffer 
 
/■iV Tin-: LOWER, I' no n .WES. 
 
 vx\ 
 
 
 iti tlu' (•:ni>c ol' Christ aiiioiii,^ tliis in'opU'.' At tin- Coii- 
 ll'ivncc, wliicli liiiscoinineiiccd on the 1st of May, 17S!>, 
 at Haltiiiioro, Dr. (V)ke inado known Wcsloy's wisli that 
 Gui'ivttsoii >hoiil(i he a|»|iointo(l SnporintiMidcnt over tho 
 work throu<i;hout tlie British (loniinioiis in America, and 
 rc'C(.ivi'<| the iinaninioiis consont of the assonihlod minis- 
 ters. Oil lieing informiid of the ajtpoint ment, hyM)r. 
 Coke, (lai'rettson re([uested pei'inissioii toih-foi' his answer 
 to the foMowinu; day. On the moi-row hi; staled his 
 willinii'ness to aeeept the apj)ointinent on certain condi- 
 tions, lie then pro])Osed to visit for a year the ]»i'ovinces 
 and ishmds to he phiced under hischar^'e; and ])j'(jmised, 
 in case his ajipointmeot should rocuivc the cordial 
 approval of the ministers and jieople amoni^^ whom he 
 was expected to lahoi-, to retui'n at the next Conleivnce, 
 to receive formal ordination as Superintendent. Satistied 
 with his |)ro])osal, Dr. ('okei;'avehini a letter, exj)lanatory 
 fhis position, to the brethren over whom he was ex])ect(!d 
 to ]»reside ; and (farrettson ma<lc urrani;"ements to ])i'oceed 
 at the close of the Conference to the West Indies, to 
 commence in that qnarter his work of ' eonfirmini^ the 
 churches.' A rcconsidei'ation of the suhject, led him, 
 however, in a quite diflei'ent direction. ' What trans|)ired 
 in the C*onference during my absence,' said (lari-cttson, 
 many years after, in his semi-centennial sermon, '1 know 
 not, but I was astonished when the appointments wei'e 
 read, to hear my name mentioned to preside in the 
 peninsula.' The only reason which can be given for this 
 reversal of their action by his brethi-en, was their un- 
 willingness to separate wholly from themselves a brother 
 so highly beloved. 
 
 This decision was deeply regretted Ity Wesley, a ad 
 by the ministers in Nova Scotia. Garrettson, during 
 his two years stay iu the province, had been in labors 
 
 o 
 
I 
 
 II: i 
 
 ■ t 
 
 104 
 
 in STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 abmidant. lie liad * tmvorscd the mountains and val 
 k-ys, tVoqucntly on foot, with liis knajtsaclc at his hack ; 
 11)) and down the Indi.'ui paths in tho wilderness, wliero 
 it Was inexjiedient to takeahorsc ; and had often to wade 
 throni^h the mud and water of moi-asses ; and frequently 
 to satisfy his }jun,i!;er from his knapsaek, to quench his 
 tliirst from a brook, and to rest his wear^ limbrt on the 
 knaves of trees.' On one oeeasion he nearly lost his life 
 in a snow storm. His horse, left b}' his rider to use his 
 own instinct, carried him to the door of tlie only liouse to 
 be seen. Garrettson had just cnouii;h strciuglh to dismount, 
 enter the hcmse. and thi'ow himself on a bed, where, 
 plentifully covered with clothini; by the children left in 
 charge of the house, he lay for nine hours, almost insen- 
 sible. At anotlier time, in crossing one of the rivers 
 flowing out of tho Bay of Fundy, and into whieh the 
 tide rushes with great rapidity, lie had To put si^urs to 
 his horse, and use all possible effort to esea])C 
 the rapidly approaching wave. Gainiiig the shore, 
 at a point more accessible than the rest, he 
 outiwle the wave, whieli swept over the back 
 of his horse as lie set foot upon the land. An 
 instant later and he would have been sweiit otf like a 
 featlier in the tide.* Garrettson's former colleai;ues in 
 Nova Scotia pressed upon him assurances of their regard, 
 and plied him with entreaties to return. Under the 
 jiressure he wavered, bnt after a time finally abandoned 
 all thought of return to the provincial work. The years 
 whi'jh he afterwards devoted to his Master's service in 
 his native land, were unusually rich in blessing. ' It 
 may be fairly questioned,' remarks his biographer, 
 ' whether any one minister in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, or indeed in any other Church, has been instru- 
 
 2 Bangs' ' Life of Garrettson,* p. 163. 
 
 .L_Ll 
 
7.V TifE unvKn riiOviycKs. 
 
 1 !tr. 
 
 Vill- 
 
 iii'k ; 
 
 wado 
 onlly 
 h \\\A 
 I tlic 
 i8 lite 
 se hiH 
 use to 
 iiniiul, 
 ^vliere, 
 
 left in 
 
 iiisen- 
 
 rivers 
 eh the 
 i\irs to 
 
 escape 
 
 sill 'TO, 
 
 it, he 
 back 
 An 
 like a 
 trues in 
 ><i;anl, 
 ller the 
 loned 
 
 Inc 
 
 e years 
 Ivicc in 
 It 
 
 1.1 >". 
 
 Ira 
 
 pher, 
 fiscopal 
 instru- 
 
 inoDtal ill the awakmiiiii; ami eoiiversioji of more sinners 
 than (iarrettsoii.' Afti-r severe siitroi'ini,^ \vlii<i» he Imhv 
 witii entire resJLjnation, he (le]iai'te(| in triinnpli on the 
 2()tlj of July, 1S27. His remains rest near his resiclenee 
 t lihinehcek, on the hanks of the Hudson. 
 
 Two months later, Ci-omwell foiloweil (lai'rt'ttson to 
 the Ignited States. Foi" some time he had heen unt'ciual 
 to the toil and exposure involve(l in the ^;'l'•lv' ot 
 a circuit. Provincial law at that day required all jier- 
 sons, intending to leave the province, to notify certain 
 officials of their ])Ur]iose, and to i^ive bonds fo. die ]iay 
 ment of any debts f )i' which tlu>y miL:;ht b<' res]ionsi}>le. 
 On a stray lisi uf such parties, in the office of the fJe^is- 
 trar of ^eeds at Slielburne, we have seen, under dat^ .>f 
 June 11th, 17S7, the name of James Oliver Cromwell. 
 Cromwell located in 171K{. but lived many years, 'an 
 humble, sweet-spirited old minister.' 
 
 On the same stray sheet, ajipeai'ed the name of ano- 
 ther, about to sail with Cromwell in the " Lord Middle- 
 ton," for New York. This was Charles White, wliose 
 early failure in business at Shelbui'iie had afforded the 
 Methodists of that town a convenient room for public 
 worship. Mr. White, durinii; his residence at Shelburne, 
 had been the most prominent man among the Methodists, 
 and liad been appointed by the government one of a 
 commiitee, composed of the leading men of the place, 
 for the settlement of the unhappy disputes .vhich had 
 arisen among the inhal)itarits, concerning the division of 
 lands. The utter failure of business at Slielburne drove 
 him, with thousands of others, out again into the 
 wide world, homeless, if not penniless. In the stampede 
 which took phice, men, in many cases, did not dispose of 
 their property — they simply left it. Mr. Wliite reached 
 the newly-settled territory of Kentucky. Bishop Ai^ 
 
wm '3«si 
 
 •<0G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 bury found liini in 1700, at Lcxinn'tou. Adversity Imd not 
 helped hiin, ' Poor Charles White,' wrote the Bishop in 
 lusjouj-nal, ' ah ! how often have I eaten at this man's 
 table in 2sew York, and now he is without propertj', and 
 witliout i;race. AVlien I parted with him, I asked him 
 if ho loved (Jod, lie burst into tears, and could searee- 
 ly say, ' he did not love God, but ho desired it.' In 1793, 
 Asbury met liim again. ' 1 rode tlirougli to Lexington,' 
 he wrote, ' and stopped at Charles Wliite's once more. Oil, 
 that God may conduct him safe to glory !' In ]\Iay, 1802 
 a mercliant at Shelburne petitioned for letters of admin- 
 trat ion u})on the property of ' Charles White, formerly 
 of Shelburne, late of the United States,' on the ground 
 that no arrangement had been made for the disposition 
 of the estate. It may be presumed that tidings of the 
 close of his chequered career had been received in Shel- 
 burne, some time previously to that date. 
 
 At the Baltimore Conference of 1788, William Jessop 
 was appointed to labor in Xova Scotia. Woolman llick- 
 son, a devoted young minister, was to accompany him. 
 In June, Jessop reached Shelburne alone, Ilickson 
 having remained behind to die. Asbury, imjn'ossed 
 by his evidently shattered constitution and pale 
 face, and convinced that consumption was pre- 
 paring him for an early grave, refused to allow 
 him to accompany Jessop. To Ilickson belongs the 
 honor oi* having formed the first Methodist class 
 in Brooklyn, now the ' city of churches.' His brethren 
 speak oi' him as a young man of promising genius md 
 considerable ]>reaching ability. Jessop, who loved him 
 as a brother, waited for him as long as he could, and then 
 sailed for his aj^pointed field of labor. Ilickson languish- 
 ed for some time, cared for by the Methodists of New 
 York, and di<^d in November, 1788. 
 
 wi 
 
 
 iiL 
 
Ii\ THE LOWER PliOVIXCES. 
 
 1!»7 
 
 X') less beloved, throuirli a somewhat Iohoht lifi', was 
 "William Jessop. He was a native of Sussex County, 
 Delaware, a ]»ai't of the eouiitiy which Ashuiy called 
 liis • ii'arden for Methodist pi'eaeliei's.' Asliury ])i'eachcd 
 the funeral sermon of .lessoj^s mother in 1771^ Alioul 
 that time the son experience*! conversion, and heeame a 
 Metliodist, His father, who called himscjt' a Quaker, 
 was an unu'odly man. who hitterly ()|>))oscd the i-eliii'iouK 
 ])rofe-<si()n and praetice <>f his son. The latter, ver}' fond 
 of music, and a proficient in the use of t he violin, 
 awakened the ani^vr of his fathei- hy tuniiii:; the insti-u- 
 ment, after liis conversion, only foi- the ' sweet soui^s of 
 Zion.' To turn the son from his relin'ious coui-se. tlie 
 father excluded him from (he house. oMiirini;" him to 
 find shelter in a rude cabin on the premises; and to 
 deter him fi'om attendance on Methodist services, allow- 
 ed him only sucli clotliini;; as was Avorn hy his slaves. 
 Jn spite of his riule attii'e, hcjwever, the son eontiiuied to 
 attend the pi-oliihited <i:atherii.,!j;s. AVhen, in 17S4. he 
 entered the ministrv of tlie ^^ethodistChur( h, the father, 
 owner of a large plantation, still continued his ojijtosi- 
 tion, and refused him a horse and the necessary oullit. 
 The hitter, his brethren, believiiiii; him called to the 
 ministry, su])plied out of their own meai^-i-e resources. 
 'He preached like the others 1 have heard.' wi-ott a 
 provincial hearer, a few weeks after Jessop's ari'ival in 
 the province, ' but is the clearest and most distinct 
 ispeaker.' By his brethren in the United Slates lie is 
 >said to have been a man of })owerful elo(|Ucnce. 
 
 Part of the month of May was spent by Bhudv at 
 Liverjiool. He rejoiced over the state of the work there. 
 On one evening during his visit, ten, for the first time, 
 ])rofessed faith in Christ. From Liverpool lie returned 
 to Halifax, to icsume his labors in that place with fresh 
 
198 
 
 HISTORY OF MET HOB ISM 
 
 Has 
 
 vigor. A few days after his return, a person, previou.sl}- 
 a servant in liis family, cheered him by the intelliijjenee 
 of the attainment of pardon, sought earnestly and witli 
 tears. To Dr. Coke lie wrote on the2()tli of June, ' Our 
 society here is moj-e lively at present than I have ever 
 known it. Ahout fifteen have l)een added since Brother 
 (Jarrettson left.' Jessop took charge of the work at 
 Shelburne, devoting a short time to Liverpool. At the 
 latter place, John Mann continued to preach with 
 success. His brother, after returning from Halifax, 
 which he had supplied in Black's absence, remained a 
 short time at Liver])Ool, and then moved on to Barring- 
 ton. At Cumberland, Grandin labored with some 
 encouragement. A helper had been raised up in that 
 extensive circuit, in the person of John Black, a bnjther 
 of the tirst provincial itinerant. At Eiver Philip, where 
 he had settled, he began to ])reach to his neighbors, and 
 to the people of the adjoining settlements. ' I know not,' 
 his brother William wrote, ' l)ut the Lord may call you 
 fi'om the intervales as he did Daniel from the sheep- 
 folds, and Amos from the sycamore tree.' 
 
 These anticipations were not fully realized. John 
 Bhick did not become an itinerant; but few, not specially 
 set apart to the work of the ministry, have been more 
 earnest in their efforts to preach the gospel than he. 
 ' Active in his habits,' remarks his brother's biographer, 
 ' and involved, for many }'ears, in the solicitudes and 
 occupations of business, at no time did he permit these 
 to veil from his sight the great end of life, or to seal his 
 lil)s Avhen he had an opportunity of speaking for God. 
 It was, indeed, a prominent tniit in the character of that 
 excellent man, that he evinced the same promptitude 
 and sincerity in responding to the calls of sacred duty, 
 when under an accumulation of cares, as when exemi^t 
 
 fr « 
 
IN THE LOWER PliOVINCES. 
 
 10f> 
 
 from everything to dissipate or oppress his mind. IIo 
 was instjint in season And out of season ; and never more 
 ardent in his zeal, and earnest in his publie addresses, 
 than in the closing period of liis long and eventful life.' 
 This high estimate of Christian character is fully sus- 
 tained l)y the statements of some of the former Methodists 
 of the Wallace circuit, respecting the frequent visits and 
 earnest sermons of one, whom, in the familiar fashion of 
 the olden time, they Avere accustomed to call ' Jacky 
 Black.' Highly esteemed, during a long life-time, as a 
 Christian man and magistrate, Mr. Black closed a useful 
 career in 1829. 
 
 On the 15th of October, 1789, the second Nova Scotia 
 Conference was commenced at Halifax. The members 
 of it were Black, James Mann, Grandin, and Jessop. 
 John Mann did not reach the ca]»ital in time to take part 
 in the proceedings. Love and harmony jn-evailed. 
 During the session. Black received a letter from a friend 
 in New York, containing an account of one of the most 
 remai'kablc revivals on record, then in progress in the 
 southern part of Virginia. Sucli intelligence, received 
 during their delibej'ations upon the best means for the 
 promotion of the work of G(jd, was calculated to excite 
 their hopes, strengthen their faith, and stinnilate their 
 zeal in the prosecution of the work to which they were 
 about to re-consecrate all their energies. Five hundred 
 and ten members were reported I'voui Nova Scotia in the 
 English Minutes of the following year. 
 
 After the Conference, Grandin left Cumberland, where 
 he was followed by James Maim. The latter was one of 
 the most popular preachers among the early itinerants 
 of Nova Scotia. Ilis labors at Cumberland were well 
 ap[)reciated. Several, who were not members of the 
 society, oftered their dwellings to him as preaching- 
 
200 
 
 HISTORY OF METHOBTSM 
 
 f i-^T 
 
 ]thiees, and he labored with some success. Hhick, at llie 
 end of the Couference, left Halifax to spend several weeks 
 in visitini^ tlie Societies in othei- ])arts of the province, 
 particuhirly those at Liverpool, Shellmrne and Cape 
 Nei^ro. Jiespectinic Halifax, Alexander Anderson wi-ote, 
 ' Tliei'c have been several persons convinced, and some 
 converted this summer. I tliink there is some ])i'ospoct 
 of a revival. The Methodists, witli whom I am connected, 
 liave Joined a good many in class. I liave the gM'catcst 
 reason to bless God I ever went among them.' 
 
 The business of the third Nova Scotia Conference was 
 commenced at Halifax, on the (jth of May, 1788. The 
 arrival, early in that year, of an additional ])reachor, 
 whose name had apjjcared in the Minutes of the previous 
 year as that of an Elder, orSu[)erintendent, rendered the 
 assembling of the brethren, in the sj)ring, at the earliest 
 possible date, a matter of necessity. The minister, whom 
 the ])i'cachers ])i'eviousl3' in the province were about to 
 meet at Halifax, was the first of a long succession of 
 noble men, who have left Britain, in spite of the ties 
 which bound them to the land of their birth, solely for 
 the purpose of preaching the gospel to the colonists of 
 the Lower Provinces. James Wray, the leader of this 
 band, was received on trial for the ministry, by Wesley, 
 in 1781, and sent to a circuit in Yorkshire. As a mark 
 of esteem and contidence, Wesley placed Wray's name 
 among the hundred names which appear on that Charter 
 of Methodism, the Deed of Declaration, di'awn up in 
 1784, while among the ninety two preachers whose 
 names were not to be found upon the document, were 
 not a few who had travelled from ten, to thi-ice that 
 number of years. ^ After six years of faithfnl and 
 successful service in England, Wray volunteered to go 
 
 •' Tyerman's ' Life and Times of John Wesley,' vol. 3, p. 422. 
 
 il_< f; 
 
IN THE LOWER PJiOrL\rES. 
 
 201 
 
 out to Nova Scotia. Wesley aeeepted the otVei-. and 
 ordained him to till the offieo of Siipei'iiiteiidem. • Mr. 
 Wi-ay,' Wesley wrote to John Maiui, in June, 17^^^. ' is a 
 woi'kinan that need not he ashamed. I am i;la<l to hear 
 of his safe an-ival. Althoui^^h lie has not much learnin^% 
 he has what is fai' hetter, U]n'iL;'htiiess of heai-i. and 
 devotedness to (rod. 1 doiiht not, hut that \\v and you 
 will be one, and go on your way hand in hand.' 
 
 Politieal excitement at this period ran high in Xova 
 Scotia. Xcecssity for union in defence of cdnimon 
 interests, tluring the late war, had allayed some jealousies 
 which had previously arisen between the settlers of 
 P'nglish origin and those froniNew England. The ai'i-ival, 
 however, at the close of that war, of a large body of 
 loyalists from the revolted colonies, had introduced a new 
 element. Many of the loyalists wei'e men who had exer- 
 cised a huge amount of influence in their former homes. 
 These, in the country of their adoption, claimed, on the 
 ground of their loyalty and losses, a certain recognition 
 which the earlier settlors were not disposed hastily to con- 
 cede. A rivalr}^ of interests had thus sprung up between 
 the more prominent men of the loyalists, and those of the 
 older inhabitants. The strife between these ))arties was 
 not confined to the leading men of both sections. Evidences 
 of fermentation in the minds of the peo])le became 
 frequent. At the furiously contested election, in Feliruary, 
 1788, of a member for the count}'' of Halifax, one person 
 was killed, and several were severely wounded. A little 
 later, the impeachment of the Judges of the Suj)reme 
 Court, Messrs. Dcscliamps and Erenton, took place, 
 causing intense excitement. These circumstances were 
 by no means favourable to the growth of religious 
 infiucnee. 
 
 From their brief Conference, the little band of ])reaf'''- 
 
202 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ors wont forth, determined amidst the strife of parties to 
 ' mind one thing.' Wray, who, from the time of his 
 arrival until the meeting of the (Conference, had labored in 
 several parts of the extensive Halifax circuit, went to 
 Cumheriand, where although ' very well received,' his 
 efforts wei-e not attended with such success as liad 
 encouraged him in England. Black, leaving the work 
 at Halifax in the care of James Mann, made his way 
 immc'liately after the (inference to the southern coast 
 of the province, where he spent a month in visiting the 
 settlements between Barrington and Port Medway. 
 During his absence from Halifax the society prospered. 
 J\Ii<s Kebecca Lovell, for numy yetirs an ornament to 
 the cause of God in that city, was converted under the 
 mini-try of James Mann. William Jessop, whose time 
 had been spent almost wholly- on the southern coast, 
 proceeded to Liverpool, where he remained until the 
 middle of August, when he sailed thence for the United 
 States. 
 
 The ])Osition of those itinerants who had commenced 
 their ministry in Nova Scotia had, hitherto, been an ano- 
 malous one. Their claims to bo regarded as ministers, 
 according to the threefold test of ' grace, gifts and fruit,' 
 had been well sustained. 'As long as these three marks 
 concur in any,' Wesley and his friends, clerical and lay, 
 had said at the Conference in 1746, ' wo believe that he 
 is called to preach. These we receive as a sufficient proof, 
 that he is moved thereto by the Holy Ghost.' In the 
 view of their friends, and according to the conclusions of 
 the great majority of Protestants throughout the world, 
 they thus possessed the great qualification for the minis- 
 istry : • moved of the Holy Ghost' and 'called of God,' 
 the\- were, therefore, by Divine right, as legitimate 
 preachers of the Gospel as any in the world. The his- 
 
 'I 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 '\ 
 
 ■is 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 {:% 
 
 if 
 
 L... 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 203 
 
 toricjil theory, on which iiiiiny base their chiim to the 
 h(;ie rii;'ht to preach the Word, and administer the sac- 
 raments of the Church, and to exercise hmlshijiovei- (Jod's 
 heritai^e, is but a feeble tliini^. In view of the (hirk'nes.s 
 which overhangs tlie history of the middle ages; of 
 the transfers of spiritual offices from one to an(»ther, 
 from motives which in many cases will not l)ear the 
 light; of the illiterate character of the early clergy; of 
 the frequent opportunities for deception; and of the 
 almost numberless contingencies on which the integrity 
 
 SUCC( 
 
 of such 
 
 •ession must rest, he cannot Ite bhuncd, who 
 
 looking at the subject with the keen scrutiny which men 
 generally apply to the history of the dim past, declares 
 the • unintei'rupted succession' to be, in the words of 
 Wesley, ' a fable which no man ever did or can prove.* 
 The less important, but appr<)])riato authorization to ad- 
 minister the sacraments, conferred by the Church in the 
 formal act of ordination, had been received b}^ but one of 
 the five preachers remaining in the province at the com- 
 mencement of 1789. The course adopted by Wesley in 
 relation to the American Methodists, in 17S4, had ])lac- 
 ed til is authorization within their reach. That they did 
 not sooner avail themselves of the opi>ortunity att'ords 
 positive proof that the}' were not under the control of 
 feelings of personal ambition. The conviction, however, 
 that their usefulness was sei-iously restrained, aii<l the 
 s|»hei'e of their influence manifestly limited, by their 
 anomalous position, led them early in HSD, to give the 
 subject of ordination more serious thought. 
 
 From no sense of inability, but from a wish to inter- 
 fere as little as possible with the arrangements of the 
 Natioiuil Church, Wesley hesitated for many yeai-s to 
 to take a step which it must be felt by every impartial 
 
 1 Wesley's 'Works' vol. 7. p 312. 
 
 
 
 'i r ! i 
 
 i! 
 
 H 
 
 i : 
 
204 
 
 JflSTORY OF METHOD ISM 
 
 observer, involved aetual se])arntion from that ("liureh. 
 Providential indieatioiis, in Wesley's view, were of in- 
 ferior value only to revelation itself. (iiii(h'(l as he i»e- 
 lieved hy Providcnee, lie had aee('i)ted the services of a 
 lay minisi ry. His eonvietion of the value of thai min- 
 istry had deejtened. All liis nilsii;ivinL:;s eoncei-nini!; the 
 eni])loyment of men, not yet otKeially set a))ai"t. had j»ass- 
 ed away. lie awaited furthei* ^'uidance of the >anu' 
 character, hoj)in<4' meanwhile that Methodism would re- 
 form the National Church. The question was asked in 
 17-10, ' Wh}' do we not use more form and solemnity in 
 the receiving a new laborer? An answer was fui-nished 
 in the miinites of that year. ' AVe purposely decline it,' 
 said the Conierence : •' First, because there is something 
 of stateliness in it; Second, because it is not exj)edient 
 to make haste ; we desire to bai'ely follow Pi-ovidence.' 
 
 It has heen asserted by some, that Wesley found 
 means to jii>tify himself in the ordination of his minis- 
 ters, oidy when he had resolved upon tlu^ ado})tion of 
 that course. This unwoi'thy imputation is but one of 
 many, respecting Wesley, which have passed, without 
 careful examination, from writer to wi'iter, accepte<l by 
 each. it is, at least, to l)e hoped, that the fre(|uent 
 rej^ctition of statements of this chai'actcr, rei)e;itedly 
 shown to be false, ai'iscs from no more reprehensible cause 
 than that of ignorance. 
 
 The oiHcial designations of' l)ishop,' and ' ])resbyter,' 
 are, it is evident, ajtplied in the New Testament to the 
 same individuals. Thus, the ' prcsbytei's ' of the church 
 of Ephesus are addressed by St. Paul as ' bishops,' or 
 ' overseers ;' and the ])ai'ties to be ordained as ' ])resby- 
 tcrs,' at Crete, are immediately called • bishops.' ^ The 
 interchangeab'e character of these appellations, as seen 
 
 5 Acts 20 : 17, 28. Titus 1 : 5. 7. 
 
 ?■■ 
 

 ly THE LOWER rROYIXCES. 
 
 205 
 
 burcli. 
 of in- 
 he bc- 
 s of a 
 t luin- 
 lU' the 
 1(1 ]»ass- 
 L' >anie 
 uld ve- 
 skod in 
 inity ill 
 rnislied 
 line it,' 
 iicthin.t:; 
 pedient 
 lence.' 
 
 r found 
 
 niinis- 
 )ti()n of 
 
 one of 
 without 
 
 ted by 
 riMluent 
 
 atedly 
 le cause 
 
 hvtei',' 
 to the 
 lehurch 
 )|)s.' or 
 |)resby- 
 15 The 
 las r^een 
 
 in \\n) charge of St. Pt'tei', to tlie el(hM'.s or ' ])rcsl»yters,' 
 
 es of * bisliops,' is no less evident, 
 
 to jterfoi'm the dut 
 ]iesi<k's this ordei*. but one othei- is mentioned, that of 
 deacons, whose dutii-^ JKid respect niainl^ io the tempor- 
 al inteivsts of the churi'hes." 
 
 '' ' Pi-esbyter ' a]i|)eai's a])pro])riately," says Th*. 
 Eichey, in an excellent article on this subject, Mo denote 
 the i-ankor otHce itself, and ' i»ishop' to intimate the duties 
 that devolve ujion those who sustain that ranlc. Accord- 
 ini;' to the most leariu'd of ecclesiastical liistoi-ians, 
 Neandei', 'the name of"' presl)yters," by which this otlice 
 was at first desiu;nated, was fransferj'cd to the Christiiin 
 Church from the Jewish synaL;'0i;-ues. But now, when 
 the churches liad s]>read themselves amon<^ the heathen 
 of (rrecian origin, there was associated with this a]i})ella- 
 tion, thus borrowed from the civil and religious 
 constitution of the Jews, another name, more connected 
 with the mode of designating social relations among the 
 Greeks, and better a.lapted to denote the official duties 
 connected with the dignity of i)resl)yters. This was the 
 appellation " episcopoi" or "overseers" over tlie whole 
 Churcli, and over all its alfairs ; just as in the Attic civil 
 administration, those wlu^ were sent out to organize the 
 states dependent upon Athens, were called ' episcopoi;' 
 and just as this seems to have become generallv curi-ent 
 in the language of civil life, to denote an}- kind of 
 governing superintendence in the public administration.' 
 Nothing can be plainer than that, notwithstanding this 
 shade of difference in the import of these ap])ellations, 
 they designate one and tlio same ofKco, since, as wo 
 have sufficiently proved, they are used interchangeably 
 by the apostles as being synonymous. It was not until 
 the ago following that of the apostles, if so early, that 
 
 '' 1st. Peter 5:1,2. 
 
 )Hl 
 
 A mm 
 
 ; r 
 
•'I " 
 
 20G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Ilu5 person who presided in the deliI)erations of tlio pres- 
 byters was (iistinctiy entitled ' episeopos/ and then ho 
 was rej^^iirded not as superior to the rest in rank, hut 
 merely as ' primus inter pares,' the tlrst amoni:; eqimls." "^ 
 
 Of his early errors respecting this subject Wesley 
 had gradually i)een cured. In liis earlier ministry ho 
 had l)ecn convinced, by Lord Kini^'s 'Account of tho 
 Primitive Church,' ' that bisliops and presbyters are of 
 ono order,' ^n 175G, he wrote, respecting his former 
 belief in the Episcopal form of Church government, as 
 prescribed in Scripture ;' 'This 0])ini()n, which 1 onco 
 zealously espoused, I have been heartily ashamed of, 
 ever since I read Bishop Stillingfleet's " Irenicon." I 
 think he has unanswerably proved, that neither Chi'ist 
 nor ITis apostles prescribe any particular form of church 
 government; and that the plea of Divine right, for 
 diocesan episcopacy, was never heard of in the primitive 
 church.' " Again, in 1761, in a letter to a friend, he 
 repeated that Stillingfleet had fully convinced him, that 
 to believe that none but episcopal ordination was valid, 
 ' was an entire mistake.' ^ And again, in 1780, he shocked 
 the high church bigotry of his brother, by declaring, ' I 
 verily believe I have as good a right to ordain, as to 
 administer the Lord's Supper.' '" 
 
 At length a period arrived, when guided, as ho 
 holievod, by farther indications of a providential charac- 
 ter, Wesley deemed it proper to act upon his long- 
 cherished convictions. His first act, on breaking through 
 the restraints which had so long fettered him, was the 
 ordination, in 1784, of Thomas Coke, as Superintendent 
 
 T * Memoir of Black,' p. 247. 
 
 8 Wesley's ' Works,' vol. 13, p. 200. 
 
 9 Ibid, p. 223. 
 
 1" Ibid, vol. 12, p. 137.—Tyerman'8 ' Life and Times of Wes- 
 ley.' Vol. 3, p, 430. 
 
 i^.^^ 
 
AV THE LOWER PMOVIAVES. 
 
 207 
 
 over tlie work in Amorica, and of Rii'liannVluitcoat and 
 Thomas Vusey, to act as oklcrs anionic tlie soriotios in 
 that country, lately soi)ai'a((.Ml from Bj'itain, hy l)a|)tizitig 
 and administoring the Lord's Supper. 
 
 " It has indeed been ])roposed,' wi'ote Wesley, at the 
 end of a somewhat len<;"thy statement of his i-easons for 
 the adoption of this course, ' to desire tlie English bishops 
 to ordain part of our i)reachei*s for America. Jiut to this 
 I object. 1. I desired the ]5ishop of London to ordain 
 only one ; but could not ])revail. 2. If they consented, 
 we know the slowness of their proceedings ; but the 
 matter admits of no delay. 3. If they would ordain them 
 now, they would likewise expect to govern them. And 
 how grievously would this entangle us ! 4. As our 
 American brethren are now totally disentangled both 
 from the State and the English Hierarchy, we dare not 
 entangle them again, either with the one or the other. 
 They are now at full liberty, simply to follow the 
 Scriptures and the primitive church, and we judge it 
 best that they should stand fast in that liberty, where- 
 with God hath so strangely set them free.' To the answer, 
 of which the paragraph quoted forms a part, AVeslcy 
 apiDcnded a significant note ; ' If any one is minded to 
 dispute about Diocesan Episcopacy, he may dispute, but 
 I have better work.' " 
 
 Soon after, Wesley ordained several ministers for 
 Scotland, England, and the colonies. Among the latter 
 was James Wray. Black, with John and James Mann, 
 now resolved to attend the Conference at Philadelphia, 
 to obtain ordination there. A deep religious interest, 
 shown by some of the troops in the garrison at Halifax, 
 oaused Black to doubt the propriety of leaving his 
 circuit. His scruples being overruled, the three sailed on 
 
 '* 'Minutes of Conference, 1785. 
 
 I . I 
 
 K 
 
 ! 1 ■ 
 i i 
 
warn 
 
 208 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 I I' 
 
 "i 
 
 llio "til ol' May, 17H!), in a vi's>t'l ol' IMiilip Marcliinton's, 
 ami rrarlicd IMiiladi'ljiliia on tlio lUtli of tlio sanio iiujiitli. 
 Oil thai ami (tii tlio I'ollowiiii:; day llicy were loniially set 
 apart to tlir work of tlu! iiiiiiislry, tlicir ordinalioii parch- 
 iiR'iit> Ik-Iiii;" sio'iiud l»y Tlioinas ('okc^aiid Francis Asbiiry, 
 Wi'ay liad ivaclu'd Pliiladciphia a I'cw days previously. 
 In tlu' coiifse of a few weelcs all returned ((► their 
 a|i[)ointed posts of duty in Xova Scotia, stren^^thened for 
 now etl'ort hy intei'courso with their l)rethren in (ho 
 United States. 'The Coid'erence here,' wrote a lavnian 
 to a friend in the |>rovince, 'was a very solemn time. 
 Mr. Asbury and tJic Doctor, and all tho preachers, 
 a]»[)eared much engaged for soul.s. 'Tho profiting of tho 
 nowly-ordained ministers at once hecaine visible. Soon 
 ufter their return, Alexander Anderson wrote; ' Tiie 
 preachers' visit to the States has been blessed to them 
 and to us. There is ii sensilile revival among us.' A 
 month later, lie wrote, 'Several have been brought to a 
 Having knowledge of God.' 
 
 During the proceeding year, some differences had 
 arisen between one or two of the brethren, and James 
 Wray. who, l)y Wesley's aiipointment, had assumed the 
 general charge of the work in the provinces. Faults 
 had probably existed on both sides. In a postscript to 
 io a lettei' atldressed to James Mann, in February 1789. 
 Wesley wrote ; ' Alas ! my brother, one just from 
 Halifax informs me that they made objections to James 
 SVray, that he is an Englishman ! O, American gratitude! 
 Lord, 1 appeal to thee.' Wesley had, it is jirobable, been 
 misinformed. There can be little doubt that any com- 
 plaint against the Superintendent, on the part of his 
 brethen, was not on the ground of his being an English- 
 man, but because, with English determination, he sought 
 to enforce rigidly, in a new and thinly settled country, 
 
ly rnic lower rRovrxcEs. im:» 
 
 ."'ortaiii niU's, wliich cmiM not in all ca^o In- caiTii'iJ oui in 
 lln' coiiiilry (li>tricts (.|' Driiaiii. ()ii tltc niliT liaiiil. 
 till- ii'jijy (»r liiark. tit a • >!iai'|t. -I'Vci'i- irttiT" iVnm \Vi*ay, 
 wliilo wriltcM ill an a<l?iiii'al'li> sjiiril, leaves room tl.r the 
 sn|»|to>itioii (»t'a certaiM loo>ieiie-- in the jiiaiiau'eiiieiit ot 
 the work', a matter ol' >!)iall >nr)>r.-(', when tin 
 
 aiK oi 
 
 traiMmi;"oii the part ol the preaehers, ami the niiineiiM.' 
 extent ol' tlie'ielil In whieli the\- carried oiil t heir .'Mviiii:- 
 
 eonimissioii, 
 
 an- eoii'-Hlere'l 
 
 A I 
 
 rieiHllv eon>iii 
 
 ros 
 
 iilte<l in the re--torat loii of harnion\' 
 
 hut 
 
 .!; 
 
 It loti 
 
 not 
 
 jireveiit Wrav iViuii rc'(|iK'>tiiiu' I>r. ( 'oki' to rol;e\'e him 
 ol'liis !'es|)0, • ihilil y. iiy the appoiiitineiit ol" another in 
 his stead. lilack was imiiiediatelv apiioiiiteil (o Micei-ed 
 him, as Superintendent of the work in NovaSeotia. New 
 iiriuiswiolv and Newfoundland, lie was with dittieiilty 
 
 ]icrsua< 
 
 led 1 
 
 o asstime 
 
 ll 
 
 le eiiaru'e 
 
 hut 
 
 aocei'te 
 
 (lufercnee to tlie wishes ol the ju'eachers aii<l stewards. 
 
 It is worthy of note, that aiiotiier cause, than tliose 
 already naiiicd, was calculated to prevent harinoiiioiis 
 '•o-operation oetwet'n a Su]»ei'inteiident, educated iiiidei 
 AVesle\''s thoi'oui'h t rainint;-, and the preachers in the 
 provincial \vork. The success of the itiiiiMant sy>tein 
 deman<ls, on the part ot each man who raiii;-es hiiii«-elt 
 under it, the entire suliordiiuition of j'ers(»i!al intere-t< 
 to the jj;enera] <j;ood. lie must act iiulependeii'ly of 
 local ties; it is sometimes even retpiiivd of th<.>se to 
 whom larii;c fields ai'e committed for sjiiritual culture, 
 that 'they that liavo wives he as thouifh they liad 
 none." The man who is not prepar< d to mak'c ei'uee.s- 
 sioiis should step aside. The denial of his demamU must. 
 cause heart-biirninii's ; the induli^'ence f>fthem must 
 make the workinu" of the sy>tem resemble the movements 
 of ill-as8ortcd machinery. Frotii causes wliich v,erc 
 in part unavoidable, the itineranc}', at this period, existed 
 
 \ 
 
 ■ f 
 
 I r, 
 
210 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ill name I'ulhcr than in fact. Each of the senior preachers 
 had some ^-}lOcial hx-ality at whicli his family continued 
 to reside, llaliiax became the head-quarters of Black, 
 in 1T8(J, and with rare and short intervals, continued to 
 be the residence of liis family until his death. At 
 Livcri)ool, for a few years, and afterwards at 
 Newport, John Mann's family found an undisturbed 
 home; another, soon to be introduced to the 
 reader, never ceased to regard St. Stephen as his 
 'abiding-place;' and even James Mann, throughout 
 life a bachelor, remained as true to Shelburne, hi?^ lii'st 
 })rovincial home, as the needle to the i)ole. The a])poinl- 
 ments of the brethren named were made in view of these 
 circumstances, and the stations of tho^e who from lime 
 to time were brought from abi'oad, wei'c adjusted io suit 
 thctse of their senior, or married brethren. From their 
 fixed centres, these settled pastors, for such several of 
 them really were, made fre(pient excursions, or inter- 
 changes, for a few weeks, and, occasionally, for a few 
 months. From this 2)artial ado})tion of the itinerant 
 .system resulted many of the disadvantages of the itiner- 
 ancy, with but few of the advantages which may be ui-ged 
 in favor of a settled ])ast()rate. It was not strange that, 
 unde.' these circumstances, Wray, who had doubtless 
 won the high regard shown him by Wesley, by his 
 attention to discipline, should wish to resign his position. 
 Black, accustomed to the working of the iri'egular 
 machinery, was better prepared to assume its manage- 
 ment. 
 
 Black, on his return from Philadelphia, proceeded on 
 a tour through the country, leaving James Mann at 
 Halifax, until the autumn. To the pleasure derived 
 from the usual visits of the ministry, by the members 
 of the small Methodist churches scattered through the 
 
/iV THE LOWER PIWYUS^CES. 211 
 
 province, was now added that of the moi'C frecjuent ad- 
 mijiistration of the Loj'd's Supper. The importance at- 
 tached to these services, tlien so rare in many neiu'hbor- 
 hoods, can scarcely be imagined. The sacramental 
 service, and the h)ve-feast which usually followed it, 
 were seasons of holy delight, not only to those 
 who dwelt in the immediate vicinity of the church, 
 school-room, or dwelling, in which the services were 
 held, but to many others who came from adjacent neigh- 
 borhoiKls, to share with them the rare privilege. A note, 
 written during Black's Hrst visit to Ilorton after his or- 
 dination, is illustrative of the wide-spread interest felt 
 at such seasons. 'At the desire of Mr. Black,' wrote 
 James X. Shannon, of Horton, to Alexandei' Anderson 
 of Halifax, ■• 1 write you, to let you know that he ex- 
 pects to administej' the Lord's Su])])er at Windsor, on 
 Sunday nexL. It is his desire that you should meet him 
 there on that day, if your l)usiness will permit, at which 
 time he expects some friends from Ilorton will attentl.' 
 Uj)on Black's return to Halifax in the autumn, James 
 Mann went to Cumberland, where he remained through 
 out the winter. ' His assiduous labors,' writes Edward 
 Dixon, 'were attended with some degree of success. 
 Believers were quickened and encoui-aged, and some 
 others were awakened.' The ett'ort made by theCongre- 
 gationalists of Liverpool, in the >ummer of 17S'J, to obtain 
 a pastor for their church, with the olfer of agoodsum to- 
 wards the expenses of his family, made to John Mann 
 by the Methodists of Newport, led that minister, at the 
 time in straitened circumstances, to remove in December 
 from the former to the latter circuit. According to a 
 repoi-l made by Black to AVesley at the cbse of the year, 
 things remained much as they were at Ilorton;' at 
 Windsor ' there were some additions;' while at Liver- 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 

 212 
 
 inSTOMY OF METHODISM 
 
 pool .111(1 Shclburno, in consequence of the rapid decrease 
 of population at tlio latter place, ' some loss liad been ex- 
 pei'ienced.' At Halifax, the nunibei* of members in so- 
 ciety had increased in the course of the year from sixty 
 to one hundred. Twenty liad found jjcace within eight 
 months. Many of the members were said to be ' steady, 
 lively souls.' ' How has God changed the scene." said 
 Black, ' since I came here in 1780. The society is now 
 I'ight times hu'ger, and eiglit times moi-e sei'ions and 
 s])iritual.' Five hundred and sovent3'-tivemenil)ei-s were 
 I'eported from the pivn'ince at the close of tlie }'ear. 
 
 James Mann, who had leJt Cumberhmd in the sj)ring 
 of 17I-H), returned to that circuit in the summer, and soon 
 afier Ids arrival opened the tlrst Methodist chiireh. and 
 first Protestant ])lacc of worship at Sackviile. X. B. 
 His text on that occasion was from Proverbs !>. 1-4. 
 Previous!)' to the erection of this church, sei-vices Jiad 
 been held in school-rooms, yirivate dwellings, and some- 
 times in barns, fn Octolter lie returned to I'^helbnrne, 
 to take the plaee of Wray, Thomas Whitehead suc- 
 ceeding liim at Cumberland. The de{?artui'e (»f the 
 candidate, whom the Congregationalists of J/ivei']»ool 
 had with great ditlieulty obtained from the L'nited 
 States, for tlie supply of their church, led Wi'ay, 
 who luid spent the ]»revious year at Shelburne and IJar- 
 ington, to revisit that town. He was cordially ivccived. 
 and his preaching highly appreciated. In Sejitembej' he 
 left the soutliern coast. l)uring the autumn of ITI'O, the 
 people of Liverpool were favored with a visit of several 
 weeks from Thomas Owens, a successful AVest Indian 
 missionary, who had come northward in a vessel belong- 
 ing to Liverpool, for the benefit of his health. Dr. Coke 
 has recorded with delight, how a year or two later, 
 Owens had refused an otter from the government of the 
 
7^^ THE LOWER riiOVIXCE^. 2i;i 
 
 1. 1 Biir- 
 |ccive<l. 
 ilier he 
 j;io, the 
 -everal 
 llndinn 
 iH'long- 
 •. Coke 
 lalci', 
 of the 
 
 Lsliuvl of Grenada, of a living worth eiii'lit hiin<lre.l 
 ])ounils. >ahiry and foes, and ordination l)y the Bishop of 
 Loiulon. choosiiiii; rather to remain a preaehcr to the 
 shive-. (irandin followed Wi'ay at Liverj)ool, and hilior- 
 ed tlieie foi" a yeai", with his usual enerii'}' and sucees,>. 
 The >.'e\v!i'.;'hts having- taken ])ossessi()n ot' the Coni^'re- 
 ii'iiiioiial )neotini;'-liouse, Grandin. with a inueh lai'ger 
 coll H'l'eu'at ion, was ohli^'ed to eonduet sei'N'iees in a sehool- 
 rooiii, which could acconiniodatt^ l)Ut a [larl of his hearers. 
 The ilissat isl'action caused ly the occujiancy of the laiu'cr 
 buildiuu' l)y tlie smaller conn-re^'ation, was removed at a 
 nicctinii; ot' pow holders, hy a resolution to rent the 
 chnreh to the hii^'liest hidders. The larger sum was of- 
 fered l.iy the Methodists, who at once took ])ossc>>ion 
 of ii. 
 
 Tlie name of Tiiomas Whitehead, in later days a 
 ])atriarch of the Canadian Conference, tirst a})i)ears in 
 the Minutes of 1700. lie was a native of Dutchess 
 County, Xew York, where Jie was born in 1702. In the 
 eighteenth year of his age he experienced conversion, 
 and three years later entered the ministry, nnder the di- 
 rection of ihe Xew York Conference. After three vears 
 spent in Ihe neighborhood of ^Vlbany and Xew York, he 
 came to Xova Scotia. His name aj)[)ears on the Minutes 
 of 17''<*, in connection with the Cumljerland circuit, on 
 which he followed James ^fann in the autumn of that 
 year, Among the early itinerants of Xova Scotia he held 
 a good position. His early religious convictions are 
 said to have been deep and >trongly nnirked, and his ex- 
 perience of salvation by faith, clear ami undoubied. His 
 physical stature wtis i^oble, and iiis (k-portineiil geiitle- 
 maidy. Xotwitiistanding a slight iinpediiiK'iit in his 
 speech, his pulpit talents wei'e regarded as of a su])erior 
 ordcr.'^ 
 
 »- Canadian ' Minates,' 184G. 
 
.yeW= 
 
 ;nr 
 
 214 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 The connection of Jiune.s Wi-ay witli the work in 
 JSTovji Scotia ceased in 17I>1. In the spring" ol' that 
 year he was sent to the Ishmd of St. Vincent. In a let- 
 ter, written ii year after his arrival, to an elect lady of 
 Shell>nrne, he expressed a hope to meet her ' ere loni;' in 
 Shclhiii'no or in I<]ni^land.' 'If not,' he added, 'without 
 (h)iibt in glory.' Not long after the dispatch of the let 
 ter he linished his course. Eohert Barry calls him ' a 
 very faithful lahoi-er in the Lord's vineyard.' His 
 brethren in England, in their brief notice of his death, 
 in the Minutes of 1703, state that ' he closed his steady 
 career, in the Island of St. Vincent, resigning his soul 
 into the hands of his faithful Creator, with all that 
 resignation, peace, and holy joy, which might be exjject- 
 ed from a father in Christ.' 
 
 A desire to see his native ])lace, and to meet his 
 brethren in the United States, led to the absence also of 
 James Mann, during the year 17i>l-2. An appointment 
 was given him for that year in the city of New York, 
 as a colleiigue of Richard Whatcoat, and Thomas Mor- 
 rell, — men with whom it was no small honor to be asso- 
 ciated. 
 
 One event of the year 1791 was of dec]) and 
 wide-spread interest. Ou the 2nd of March, John 
 Wesley rested from his unequalled labors, llis old age 
 had been a singularl}' hap])y one. lie had outlived 
 most of his early contemporaries, friends as well as toes, 
 yet he seemed to dwell in an atmosphere of constant 
 sunshine. lie toiled to the last. Ilenr}' Crabbe Eobinson 
 heard him preach at the age of eighty seven, when a 
 minister stood on each side supporting him, and his 
 feeble voice could scarcely be heard. ' It formed a jncture 
 never to be forgotten,' >aid Kobinson. ' It went to tl.e 
 heart, and 1 never saw anvthing like it in altei- life.' 
 
 / I/O 
 
I^' TllHJ LOWER PROVIXCE' 
 
 215 
 
 ]) and 
 John 
 
 Id ai;-c 
 Ll lived 
 toes, 
 
 ins 
 
 uuit 
 
 |l)insoii 
 [hen a 
 
 d his 
 |)ictiu'0 
 
 to il.e 
 V life' 
 
 -1 
 
 i 
 
 Even later tlian this he s()u<j,lit lo u'ive ulteianeo lo his 
 blaster's niessai^'e. The eiosiiii;- scene was one ol sweet 
 peaeo. Ofconfliet there was none. Praise was Ins wiiole 
 em])loy. In a wakeful interval, he was heard to say in 
 a low, distinct voice, 'There is no way into the holiest, 
 but hy the hlood oi Jcsns.' ' Let mc write for you' said 
 a friend, when he had tried in vain to hold the i)en ; ' tell 
 mo what you wish to say.' ' Nothing,' he rej)lied, ' l)at 
 that God is with us.' These words were re])eated hy him 
 again and again. During his last night of earthly life, 
 he uttered scores of times, the woi'ds, 'I'll ])raise, I'll 
 praise,' but could I'epeat no more of his favorite hymn. 
 The next morrung, as eleven persons, among them some 
 of his dearest friends, knelt around his bed, AVe>ley 
 uttered his last word, ' Farewell ;' and as Joseph Bi-adford, 
 for many years his faithful friend and travelling com- 
 panion, repeated, 'Lift up your heads, ye gates ; and 
 be ye lift uj), ye everlasting doors ; and the heir of glory 
 shall come in,' Wesley passed tiway. Some <me present 
 neems to have remembered his mother's dying request. 
 ^ Children,' she had said, ' as soon as 1 am dead, sing a 
 hymn of prai.so.' Catching, uk it were, the s))ii-it of him 
 who had just lott them, Wesley's friends, stan<ling around 
 his corpse, sang, — 
 
 ' Waiting to receive thy spirit, 
 
 Lo! the Saviour stands above ; 
 Shows the purchase of ILis merit, 
 
 Eeaches out the crown of love.' 
 
 Many who once lived are dead. No memory of noble 
 deeds, jierfoi'med in the luirrow, or in the moi-e extensive 
 sphere in which they moved, is preserved on ])rinted l>age, 
 or kept safely ti'casured by loving human hearts. Wesley 
 is not one of these. Thousands connected with the 
 message he had brought them, the enjoyment of jieaceon 
 
no 
 
 msTonv OF metuobism 
 
 
 
 cai'lli. aii<l iIk- ]»ros|»rci of uiieiKliiiii; liles^odiies.s. Tht* 
 \v<»!-l<l has not yet cauulil up with him as a I'ei'oi'iiiei' : 
 it caiiiioL outlive liini. As ^■eal's roll on, tlie man. 
 wIjo was ])<r>se>^e«l li)' a [)assion t'oi* savini;' souls, and 
 wlio. thr<')ii<4-liout a loni;' life, m'.i .led thi.s. 'one tiling',' 
 in >unx!iine and stoi-m, aiijiears <rreater and _i;'i'eatei'. 
 And ::- the world shall i;'i-ow bettei', the ehai-.U'ler of 
 John Wesley, than wliom no ]»ui'ei', moi'e u])ri,i;'ht, moj'e 
 sinLrlf-minded s})ii'it can be found in the annals of Christ- 
 endom. >hall eontinue to attain nobler prominence. 
 
 The tidini;-s of Wesley's departure, as they reached 
 ]»lace after }»lace, made a ])rofound im])ression. Iteacliing" 
 Di-. ('t»ke at Pliiiadelphia, they caused him to hasten 
 back !o Britain, as quickly as possible. Black, who had 
 vi-iic'd Xew York in ex])ectation of receiving counsel 
 I'r^^m (*oke, respcctinu;' tlie field he had been called to su- 
 periiiiL-nd, and of obtaining laborers to aid in its more 
 thorouirli cultivation, ])ressed forward to Philadel])hia, 
 where he met him on the llth of May. From the inter- 
 view he derived much beiielil. Black was present at 
 the niiladeli)hia Conference, and was much impressed 
 \>y the wis<lom and prudence with which Asbury guided 
 the deliberations of !\is brethcrn. 
 
ll 
 
 CIIAPTIvR YIII. 
 
 aiETirODISM IN THE LOWElt PROVINCES, FKOM THE 
 SUMMER OF 1701, TO THE CONFERENCE OF 1703. 
 
 Arrival of six proacliers from Now York, and of Abraham. I. Hi-shop 
 from England. Steplicn Huinliort. Bishop in St. Jolin, N. IJ. 
 Formation of the iir^st IMctliodist Society in tliat city. David 
 Gi'orgc, the colored Baptist preacher. Visit of Bisiioj) to Siief- 
 field. Reli^io\i8 freedom in New Brunswick. Black i)revented 
 from ])reachin<r in St. John. Bishop's visit to ShefHeld, Freder- 
 icton, and Nashwaak. Purchase of a church in St. doim. Sket('h 
 of Duncan McColl. His work at St. Stephen. His union with 
 the ^lethodist Itinerants. Farley's labors at Cumberland. His 
 work durin<r the winter of 17'.»l-2. Remarkable conversions. 
 Revival at Wallace, under the nunistry of Grandin. Stephen 
 Canfield. Closing of Marchinton's building against the Metho- 
 dists ot Halifax. Subscriptions in aid of a Tilethodist church. 
 Pul)lic sympathy. Letter of lUchard J. Uniacke, Escjr. Oecupa- 
 tion ()f the theatre as a preaching place. Additions to the society 
 at Halifax. First Trustees. Opening of Zoar Chapel. Methodist 
 soldiers. Admiral Watts. Marchinton's building. 
 
 At the Xew York Conference of 1701, six preachers 
 wei'e appointed to accompany Black to Nova Scotia. 
 With Asbury, it a2)pears to have been a rule to send no 
 preacher out of the Union, without his consent ; tliese may, 
 therefore, be regarded as volunteers. Few of them had 
 had much experience in the itinerant work. William 
 Jessop, ordained since his departure from the province, 
 and stationed during the previous year in the city of Xew 
 York, was the most ])rominent num of the nuinber. lvol;ert 
 Barry had visited Jessop's native place in IT'^'!'; and, 
 ])leasc'd with his sister, had asked and obtained leave to 
 bring her as a bride to Shelburne. Tiiis event had no 
 doul)t invested Xova Scotia with u new interest for the 
 brother. His constitution, natural 1}' weak, had sutfcred 
 from severe illness in JS^ow York, yet he labored suc- 
 cessfully for several years before his final return to hs 
 
['f 
 
 218 
 
 HlbTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 I 
 
 native land, to die. John Cooper had been received 
 into the ministry in 1788; John Ue.Li^ari, of whorn hi.s 
 brethren s])eak an ' a veiy conseientious man,' of "^I'eat 
 solitude of mind,' remarkably fond of books, and sueeess- 
 fiil as apj'eaeher, had reached Ameriea from Iroland soon 
 after the peace of 1783, and had entered the ministry in 
 1789. William P. Earley, a young man of twenty one, 
 and a native of Gloucester County, New Jersey, had, 
 with Benjamin Fisler and James Boyd, just been received 
 into tlie itinerant ranks. No time was lost by these 
 missionaries in reaching their destination ; for early in 
 June, an Episcopal minister reported to the society, under 
 the auspices of which he labored, the arrival of < a 
 number of Methodist teachers from the United States.' 
 
 Earley, who reached Halifax on the 17th June, held 
 three services in Marchinton's chapel, on the following 
 Sabbath. The divine approval of his mission was signi- 
 fied by the conversion of one or two persons through the 
 services of that day. On the Monday morning he moved 
 on to Windsor. Kindly received at the house of Henry 
 Scott, he remained at that village two or three days, 
 preaching twice in the court-house, and visiting the 
 members ; and then sailed in the packet for Partridge 
 Island. A gentleman, who entertained him there, fur- 
 nished the somewhat discouraged young minister with a 
 horse, for the first day's journey. On the ovening of that 
 day he reached a settlement to which he had been di- 
 rected. It consisted of 'about half a dozen little huts 
 covered with spruce bai-k.' He preached that evening 
 to thirty persons, who 'a])peared ignorant of any form 
 or order of worship, as well as of the internal spirit of 
 religion.' On the following evening he reached a remote 
 part of his circuit at Cumberland, and went to the house 
 of Mr. Reed, ' a Methodist who loved and feared the 
 
 It 
 
7.Y THE LUWiiR PROVINCES, 
 
 219 
 
 . I'idgc 
 , f'ur- 
 'ith a 
 If that 
 len di- 
 huts 
 loniiig 
 ibrm 
 •it of 
 >motc 
 Jiouse 
 LI the 
 
 Lord.' A ' rofroslung time' at family worsliip weiil far 
 to conijK'Msatu the weary itinerant for the toil^ of the 
 day. (.'ooper went to Anna])olis; .lessop and Hoyd to 
 the southern coast; lleii'an I'eniained at Halifax, lo attend 
 
 to tiie work there, m the al)sen('e ot nlack, who, three 
 weeks after his return frcnii tlie United States, sailed for 
 Newfoundland ; and Fisler, it is prol)ai)le, travelled 
 through the country districts connected with the exten 
 sive Halifax circuit. 
 
 A few weeks later, xVhi-ahain John Bisho]), of itlessed 
 memory, reached Ilaliiiix. Bishop was a native of the 
 Island of Jersey. His conviction of ]\is call to tlie min- 
 ptr}' was so stroni;:, that he not only i;-ave U[) i;-o()d ])ros- 
 pects of worldly success, but devoted all Ins ])ro])erty to 
 the advancement of the work of God. One half, he di- 
 rected to be used for missions ; the balance he i;'ave for the 
 j)romotion of the interests of Methodism in the Channel 
 Islands. A part of the funds set apart for the latter 
 ])ur])0se are still held in the hands of trustees, in accor- 
 dance with the donor's wish. A gentleman l)elonging 
 to Nova Scotia, dee])ly interested in the welfare of the 
 French at Memramcook, had endeavored, during a visit 
 to England, to secure fi-om the Conference the a])]ioint- 
 mont of a preacher, whose knovrledge of the French lan- 
 guage would enable him to i>ay some attention to their 
 spiritual interests. Bisho]), already a local ]»rea(dier, 
 heard of the request, offered himself for the work, and 
 receiving an appointment to Xew Biunswick, sailed from 
 the Downs on the 18th of July. He secured the respect 
 of all on board the vessel, so that they permitted him to 
 preach, and even 'reprove, when nccessarj'.' On the 
 30th of August he i-eachcd Halifax. ' On my arrival,' 
 he Avrote, 'I w^as kindly received by the brethren, espe- 
 cially by Mr. Marchinton, who requested me to make 
 
 I ' ' 
 
I 
 
 m 
 
 
 f 
 
 I; ■< I 1 
 
 i|li 
 
 •2-2U 
 
 JIISTORY OF MI-JTI/OnrSM 
 
 liis lioiiM' rny home. lie lias tlu' caii-'i' (tlMiDil miicli 
 heart, lie |)r()iK)ses i^'uiiii;' i .lo the count I'v, ainl iiiti'o- 
 (hu'iiiu' inc Id t he Fri^iieh :>e! t Um's.' I''ur!iishi'il with a 
 lelle!' i»r iiit ro'liictioii from the riider-.^rcretary ol' Statu 
 to Jiieiii. < J()\t'riioi" I'arr, liishop toolc an early ojiportii- 
 iiily ot' callini;" iij)oii llis Ivxcelleiiey. lie wa> cour- 
 teously i-(>ccive(l ; the errand on which he came was 
 ' much C')mnuui(kHr ; and an oti'cr of ordination hy the 
 Kpiscojjal IVidioj) was held out to him. 'I'his ])ro|)o>i- 
 tioii he sul»mitted to his friends. These, upon ciui- 
 sultation. decided that liy r<>mainin,!;' as he was he woidil 
 be more useful ; that the eredentiahs he had lu■ou^dlt 
 with him ^vel■e sufficient ; and tliat it would lie hct- 
 ler not to lie hampered hy ' the form< of the (-hureh.' 
 lie, therefore, with thanks, deelinel the (Jovernor's 
 otter. 
 
 Circumstanees led to a change in Ijishop's plans. 
 Several of the loyalist.s who had settled at St. John, N. B., 
 liad, jireviously to their expatriation, been meml)0]'s of 
 the MethoilisL Societies in the United States. The 
 leading- man among these was Stephen IJiimbert, who.se 
 pen has preserved some information respecting the 
 early Methodism of that city. Humbert was a native of 
 New Jersey. During the Revolutionary war he was in the 
 city of Xew Vork, At the close of the struggle lie became 
 one of the grantees of St. John. For a number of years 
 he occu))ied a prominent position as an alderman, captain 
 of militia, and representative in the House of Assembly' ; 
 and, at a jjcriod when Methodism was under a social 
 ban. did not shrink from using the infitienco which offi- 
 cial position gave him, for the advancement of the in- 
 terests of the Church of his choice. He, with several 
 others, had applied to intluential Methodists in Xew 
 York, asking their aid in securing the appointment of a 
 
 |:i 
 
 
 
 11 ^^ 
 
 
 
IN Tin-: LOWER PROVTyrE^ 221 
 
 )ii\'!icl»t'r ('<)!• St. John, wIkmi IJisIiop, who had ln'i.Mi iii- 
 rormcd of their >ilii;itioii, pr()j)()scd to \'\-\\ them and 
 lo I'omain I'or a tiini*, it' cii'cunistancc--. should |K'nnil. 
 His oll'cM" was accepted without delay. On the L'hh ot 
 .Se|iteniliei' he rea(died St. John. 'The |)0(ir inMijile." he 
 wrote. • i'eeei\'ed ine Joyl'ully. and soon procured nu' a 
 
 ii"o(i(l place to j»i('a(di n 
 
 On the Sun(hi\' al'ler his ai' 
 
 rival he juvached for the tirsi time in tliat '| 
 
 ilace 
 
 well 
 
 Isl John 1 
 
 I' 
 
 iiiieil Willi tittentive iiearei's, Ironi Isi jithii i. .>. l rioi- 
 to the (do->e of the puhlic >-er\'ici's of the second Saliliath, 
 he int'orined his heaixMs that hi' inteiidcvj to t'oiin a Me- 
 thodist Socit'ty, and invited any ])ei'sons, interested in 
 ihe (|Ue.-tion of jiersonal salvation, to I'eniaiii alter the 
 dismission of the con!j;reii;ation. A larjxe jn-oportion ot 
 those |)res(>nt remained to hear an ex}ilai.atioii of the 
 Methodist 'plan'; an<l a nninlier at oikh- oU'ereil their 
 names for meml>ei'slii[i. One ot the classes wasap])oint- 
 ed to he held al the lioue of a Mr. Kelly, at the corner 
 of C'hai'lotte and Princess Street. Of this class, jn ijie 
 a])sence of the preachers, .Mrs. Kelly was tiu^ leader. 
 Soon afti'r his arrival at St. .John. liishop \:sileil the 
 Long JJeach. '1 have joine<l," he wrote, on the tir>t of 
 Xovemher, ' a small society up the river, of foui'ieen 
 meinl»ers, and another liere, of twenty wliilesaiid alsout 
 twent'-'-four hiack's. Most of the hlaeks wiM'e awalcened 
 nndei' the ministry of one of iheii' own color, who had 
 heen witli them foi- some time. J have written to hr. 
 Ooke to send two iMiii,'lish ]treachers to relie\e nie in the 
 s|»rinii:, tliat 1 may proceed further into tlie country. 
 ^Ve mak'e a ])uhlie collection weekly to assist in deli-ay- 
 ing their exjienses. 1 ho]ie it will not he very difUciilt 
 t() find two ])reachers, whose love to ])recious souls, and 
 the blessed Picdeemer's kingdom, will prevail with them 
 to put their lives in their hands, and come to my help ; 
 
 '■ s 
 
 I ^ 
 
222 
 
 IflSrortY OF METJIOBrSM 
 
 ospccially as (ho way is clear and tlu; dooi' ojkmi. One 
 of tliesu jM'cachui's will 1)0 wanted at St. Ann's, about 
 ninety miles from St. Jolin. Many jjei'sons IVoiii vari- 
 ous ])ai'ts of (lie conntry, imjiortiine ine with (he •great- 
 est earnes(ness (o visit them, wjiom I am oiilii^'ed to re- 
 fuse at the in'osent for want of time, a> 1 liave m> nuieii 
 work upon my hands.' 
 
 Theeolored laborer alluded to by Bishop, was David 
 Geori^ie, a IJaptist preacher, whose name aj>[)ears in the 
 early records of Shelburne, iiis tirst ])j'ovinciul h(mie. 
 Upon his arrival at St. John he had met with opposition, 
 but (Colonel Allan, residini^ near Fredericton, luiving 
 known him in Charleston, S.C, introduced liim to the Gov- 
 crnoi', by whose or<ler tlie Secretaiy j^ave him a license 
 to pi'each. JLe tlien returned to St. Jolm, j)i'eached for 
 a time, and immersed several, whom he left in the care of u 
 coloi'od man named Jiichards. Jn 171)2 he went to Sierra, 
 Leone. Melville llorne, afterwai'ds successor of the 
 sainted Fletciier, in tlie vicarage of ^ladeley, in a letter 
 from Sierra Leone, written in J)ecember of that year, 
 s])oak's in liigh terms of (leoi-ge, who j^roposed to visit 
 England. ' I I'ccommond to your ln-othei-ly love,' ho 
 wrote to an acquaintance, ' ^Ir. David (rooi'ge, a sincere 
 Chrisdan, and a humble, diligent, and faithful minister 
 of the word of Gotl, which has bee i blessed from hia 
 lil)s, as it has alwa^'s been cxempUfied in his conversa- 
 tion.' Of this humble, but Avorihy laborer, who was the 
 liist to ])erform the ceremony of immersion at Locke- 
 port, and several other places in the provinces, but scant 
 notice has yet been taken by writers on tlie history of 
 the Church to which he belonged. 
 
 The arrival of Black at St. John, in November, 
 enabled Bishop to respond to an earnest invitation from 
 Sheffield. During the Revolutionary war, the Congrc- 
 
r-t 
 
 IX THE LOWER PUOVIXCES. 
 
 223 
 
 tlie 
 lekc- 
 lount 
 of 
 
 [bcr, 
 roni 
 
 grc- 
 
 gutifiiial fhiii'fh til thiit jthice luul l»c'on ik'scrlcMi l.y il> 
 pastoi", Xolilo, wlioso syinpatliy with llio rovolU'd colo- 
 nists U'd to his rctiini to Now l']iii;-hui<l. In IT'S"^. '>mo of 
 two ministors sout out to tho i)i'oviiu'o hv LikU- Hunt- 
 inijfhui, hail lioeii called to tho ])astonito of ihc churih, 
 I'Ut indul^onc'o in sti'onj;' drink had uiitittod him for that 
 position, and tiik'il the (diiin h with strife and dix-ctrd. 
 During!: Bishop's tirst sermon a ])owcrfiil ct!eet was yvo- 
 diiced ii|K»n the large eoni^'re^'ation assembled in llio 
 Conii-re,L!:ational meotinu-h(»use, and a niimher weiv U-d 
 to seek' [)eaeo with God. SnceeediniL? sermons served to 
 increase their conviction of the need of tliat great l>le>s- 
 ing. Hishop was soon ohligod to leave for St. John, 
 amidst the sighs, ])ravei's and tears of tliose who had 
 been awakened through his ministry; but the S])irit. in 
 the absence of the human agent, led them on, until these 
 genuine penitents obtained, through the blood ol' Christ, 
 the forgiveness of sins. 
 
 The settlement of Xew Brunswick b}' a large body 
 of h)yalists, nearly nil of whom w^cre adherents of the 
 Episcopal chnrch, was not favorable to the cause of 
 religious freedom in that jirovince. In Nova Scotia it 
 was otherwise. In the latter province, the presence, 
 previously to the arrival of the loyalists, of a large body 
 of settlers, of Puritan and Presbyterian origin, and of a 
 smaller number of Methodists, who had brouglit with 
 them Wesley's religious views, without his preposession 
 in favor of a National Church, served as a steady check 
 to any manifestation of intolerance, and to repetitcd 
 eflbrts to approjiriate a part of tho provincial revenues to 
 the support of Episcopalian interests. The lack of an 
 equal proportion of tho Nonconformist clement, in the 
 population of New Brunswick, placed tliose who saw tit, 
 during the early history of tliat province, to ditler from 
 
,li»r~,jT»^- 
 
 JM' 
 
 224 
 
 m STORY OF METITODIHM 
 
 the Episc'f '.il niniority, under serious disadvantnire-. and 
 at tiiiK's exposed thc'in to the effects of an intoh-raiit 
 
 ^pi 
 
 nt. 
 
 Bisliop, himself, sulfered little from tliis cause. The 
 
 letters of introduction, which he had carried from (Gov- 
 ernor Varr, and Philip .Marchinton, to the >rayoi' of the 
 city and to others, had shichled liim. Hints were u>-ed 
 in ills case, when, under other circumstances, ar^unicnls 
 of a very practical character would have been em])loyed. 
 Soon after liis arrival, the ]\Iayor was informed that 
 lie was not only preachinii; on Sabbath -evenin<i:s, but 
 oji week-evenings also, an<l that some, through a1 tend- 
 ance on his ministiy, Avere becoming crazy. At tlnit 
 time, K])iscopal services were held on Sabbath-mornings 
 only. A few days after tlie re] tort had readied the 
 ^[ayor's ears, Bisho]) met him. with one of the aklei-men, 
 a military officer, and sevei-al (^ther gentlemen, on the 
 Market Square, and stopjieil to pay his respects to them. 
 'I am sorr3%' said the ^Fayor, 'to hear some strange 
 accounts of your pivaching. I hear that you not oidy 
 preach on Sundays, but ou week-evenings also, and that 
 some of your hearers ai-e going beside themselves. Can't 
 3'^ou be content to preach on Sundays, as other clergymen 
 do?' Bisho]), in rejdy. assured the Mayor that he had 
 not heard of any members of his congregation iiaving 
 become insane through his ])i'eaching ; and prondsed 
 him, that if informed of any. he woidd do his be>t to 
 bring them to their scnse>. At the same time, he avowed 
 his sincere belief that the gospel which he preached was 
 likely to have the contrary effect, in making those wiv) 
 listened (o it wise unto salvation. Two oi the gentk'men 
 present had been fellow passengers with him from Hali- 
 fax, and had heard him ])i'each on board the vessel. lie 
 
 appe 
 
 aled to these as to the truth of what lie had 
 
AY THE LOWER PMOmXES. 225 
 
 ! ■ 
 I 
 
 iidvaiiced, and with an invitation to the Mayor to come 
 and listen for himself, and thus be prepared to judge, he 
 Avithdi'ew. 
 
 Elac'k was less fortunate than Bishop. The latter, 
 on his return to St, John, found that the former liad not 
 been permitted to preach during his absence. Jllack 
 lacked Bishop's letters of recommendation; and iniliien- 
 ces, more potent than those of gentlemanly expostulation, 
 were used to prevent him from being ' ovei'much i-igh- 
 tcous.' While walking through the streets on the Lord's 
 day he saw several ship-carpentci's and caulkers at (heir 
 ordinary work. During the evening service, he S])oke in 
 strong terms respecting the public desecration of the 
 Sabbath in the city. Several persons, angiy at this 
 reference to their conduct, and aware of the existence of 
 a provincial statute forbidding the exercise of nnnisterial 
 functions without a license, ascertained that Black had 
 not taken the precaution to procure one, and resolved to 
 close the li]>s which had tcstitied of their evil deeds. They 
 therefore charged him, before the Clerk of the Peace, with 
 contempt of the law\ The zeal of that official ])rovod 
 to be more ardent than faithfulness to the duties of jiis 
 office reqtiired. lie at once Tu-warded a note t(- Blade, 
 informing him of the existeneL' of the law respecting the 
 license, and requesting to know whether he IkkI 
 conformed to it. Three hours after the I'cceipt of the 
 note. Black waited upon tlu* writer at his otlice, and 
 inf)rmed him that, immediate! V after his arrival in (ho 
 province, he had consulted two of the principal magis- 
 trates in i'e city respecting the law in question; 
 that these had assured him that the statute was iiover 
 designed to prevent any minister regularly orda'nr-1, and 
 of sober character, from piM-aching ; and tii.'vt, in their 
 opinion, it would be quite sutficierit lor him to transmit the 
 
220 
 
 HISTORY OF METJIODTBM 
 
 m: i 
 
 n 
 
 m'\m 
 
 (.'i'e<leiili;ils ofliis oi'dination to the CJovcrnor, wlio, the}' 
 hud uodouht, Avould give liini a license. lie alj^o iufonucd 
 the Clerk that he liad forwarded to His Excelleiiey a copy 
 of Ids or<liiKr(ii>ii eertilicate, siii-ned l)y .judi^es Ludlow 
 and U])hain, the laltei' of wlioni had not not only accom- 
 [laided it with a reeoinniendation, l)ut had rcniai'ked to 
 him, that as it was at the desire of a respectable liody of 
 ]ieii[ile he preached, no one conld look upon ]u> coin[)li- 
 ance. under all the circumstances, as indicative of anv 
 coidempt for the law. ' From all these circumstances,' 
 said Black, ' I liave ventui-ed to preach at the re(piest of 
 the people, and have intended to do .so until I shoukl 
 hear from the Governor ; but since my conduct has been 
 construed into contcm])t of authoi'ity, I shall desist until 
 I hear from the IJev. Mr. Bishf^p, who has gone to wait 
 U[)on llis Excellency,' To all this, Mr. Hardy replied 
 with a good deal of Avarmth, that neither the magistrates, 
 nor the {.Jovernor himself, had an}' right to dispense with 
 the law ; expressed his sur])risc at such observations ; and 
 throwing a copy of the law l)efore Black, said, 'You may 
 examine it yourself,' and abi'U])tly left the office. Loud 
 boasting on the part of the ' baser sort' was indulged in ; 
 and predictions that ]^)laclc would soon be looking through 
 ])ri;;or bars vere uttered; but unmoved, ho quietly souglit 
 to carry out the purpose of liis mission by visitation from 
 house to house. At the end of a fortnight, during which 
 no further ste])s Avei-e taken against him, and no license 
 received by him, he returned to Halifax, to attend to his 
 duties on that circuit. 
 
 During the winter. Bishop again went up tlie river, 
 visiting Sheffield, Fredericton, and ^ashwaak. After the 
 separation of Xew Brunswick from Novu Scotia in 1785, 
 Thomas Carleton, the Lieut-Governor of the new province, 
 had chosen a level spot on the banks of the St. John, 
 
ly THE LOWER FIlOVJyCES. 227 
 
 known as St. Anns' Point, as the most siiitiiMc location 
 
 river, 
 iiAM- lb*-' 
 [ 1785, 
 lovlnce, 
 JoliB, 
 
 for the seat of iiovei'nnient. 
 
 All 
 
 WMio liave rcac 
 
 I KM I 
 
 Freilei'ieton at the close of a suninier day, s])ent among 
 the lu-aiitiful and evcr-varyinii; scenery of the St. .\<hu ; 
 and have i;danced for a nionieiit at the river which i;-|;iles 
 aloii^;- in front of tlie town, and the hills which rise with 
 gradual ascent at the I'eai-. and at the Xashwaak', wliicli. 
 on the opposite side, rolls its tril)ute of waters into tlie 
 8t. John, will he ready to ad.mit that few finer situations 
 can he found than that ciiost,'n liy (Jovenior Carlelon for 
 the ca]>ital of Xew ]]runswi(d<. Previous to tlu' coni- 
 vneucement of war with Fi-ance, two regiments of liritish 
 t/oops were generally (piartei'ed in the town. fJodly men 
 from theii" ranks, formed tlie majority of tlie miMuher- 
 of the early Methodist <'las>c> ot" Fredei'icton. l*romi- 
 nent among these, and the few civilians of that day, who 
 united with them in christian fellowsliip, was a faithful 
 an<l u[)riglit Scotchman, l)unc:ni Blair. At Xaslnvaak. 
 Bislio]) found a i)art of the men of the 42nd lligldand 
 regiment, dishaniled at tlie close oi'the Jievolutionary wai*. 
 These nieJi, who had enlisted on condition of I'cci'ivinr 
 at the Ic; in''iation of the war, one huiidi-ed a<'rc.< of l:uid 
 etich. vcro still angry at the deception, "wliicli they 
 assc't^d, h;id hcen pi-actisoil upon them hy their oiricers«'.. 
 The iatte:' iiad retained the Ik'sL lots in the roervation 
 7m)Je for ih- regiment, and had left tor the men only 
 i.ari'ow strips of laud, cut in two hy the river, and con- 
 sisting mainlj' of upland, which in conseipience (»f the 
 liar;' wness of the lots, and the suddenness of tlic asce'U 
 from the narrow intervale, it was dilHcult to ivach. i.i 
 shcci disgust, many of the uien had left their grants, or 
 had s >](] them for a mere ti'ifle, and had gone clseAviiere, 
 ln*eai! ':g cnr.ses ujion their foi-mer officers. Those who 
 had remained were by training, Preshytcrians ; hut in 
 
Ijjif-rfTf »- 
 
 ill -11 
 
 i 
 
 228 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 the absence of the ministry of tliat Church, the earl}' 
 Methodist itinerants souf^lit them out, and ministered to 
 tlieir spiritual wants. 
 
 In the town of St. Jolin, as well as in the more re- 
 mote disti-icts alonij: the river, the work continued to 
 prosper throughout the winter. On the 1st of April, 
 l7->2, Bishop wrote ; ' The society in St. John are inci-eased 
 to eighty, above half of whom have found peace with 
 God. They have purchased a church, ready furnished 
 with pulpits and galleries; aii- -' ' people continue to 
 attend diligently. The experience' ho young converts 
 is truly wonderful. Children of tei., twelve and fifteen 
 years of age, rejoice in a pardoning God ; and some 
 persons of about sixty j'cars of age, arc snatched from 
 the pit of destruction,' 
 
 The church mentioned by Bishop has an interesting 
 history. It stood on the north side of Germain street, 
 between Duke and Queen streets, and was known as the 
 ' City Hall,' and the ' Court House/ It was also used l»y 
 the Episcopalians as a place of worship, pi'cvious to the 
 com])letion of Trinity cluirch in 1701. This building, 
 in which George I). Ludlow, James Putnam, Isaac Allen, 
 and Joshua Upham, the tirst Judges of Xew lirunswick, 
 had administere<l the law; in which the earliei' city fa- 
 thers, under the ]iresidency of Gabriel G, Ludlow, hail 
 held their consultations; where Geor£):c Bissel. the first 
 Episcopal rector of St. John, and his successor, Mather 
 Byles, had ministered ; and where in 1789 Chai'les Inglis, 
 the tirst colonial Bishop, had held his first contii'mation 
 in the province, and delivered his first chaj'ge to the 
 Episcopal clergy of I^ew Brunswick, now became, under 
 Bishop's earnest ministry', the spiritual birth-])lace of 
 numbers, in whose memories it will occupy a prominent 
 place for ever and ever. The first Sabbath-school in the 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 229 
 
 u- 
 
 ul 
 
 jst 
 
 lor 
 
 S 
 hn 
 ho 
 lor 
 lot' 
 Int 
 
 ho 
 
 city was orii:aiii/A'd in 1800, in tlio same biiiklini!:, by Mr. 
 Tayloj', an Eni^lisli f^olioolmaster. Proviously to \\\v 
 erection of tlieir cliureh in Germain stroot, in 1818, tiio 
 Baptists also used it for relii;ious sorvieos, Foi' twoiitj- 
 3'ears subscqnontly, it was used as a school room, and a 
 dwoilinu' house ; "nd then the vonoi-ahle building- was torn 
 <lown, and brick buildings erected on its site. 
 
 Dui'ini;- the autumn of HDl, Duncan McC'olb a soli- 
 tary Christian worker on tho boivler of Now l^)runs\vick 
 ami ^Faino, journeyed to Halifax, to meet Black, whom 
 he had oidy known by report. McColl was a native of 
 Ari^ylesjiii'o, Scotland, His father was a communicant 
 in the Scotch P]piscopal church ; his mother, a woman of 
 ' many prayers and superior talents.' The soi\, throui;-!! 
 the death of a young man for whom he had liecomo 
 security, and through a series of reverses which befell 
 his fathei', w^as early made dependent ujjon Ins owri 
 unaided ertbrts. Without money, and without friends 
 able to help him, he eidisted as pay-sergeant in 
 one of the companies of the 74th Jvegimont, then 
 being raised in his native county. In the spi'ing 
 of 1778, the regiment was ordered to Halifax, Avhei-e a 
 year later McColl embarked with it for Penobscot Bay. 
 There, for the first time, ho came under tiiv. Tho initia- 
 tion proved to be no matter of mere cci-omony. At a 
 critical moment during the siege, when tlio enemy were 
 pressing them closely, McColl was ordered by the colonel 
 of his I'cgiment to carry a message to an olticor in ehargo 
 of an(»t her party of troops. As McColl ap])cared on an 
 elevation in sight of the enemy, tho ollicor commanding 
 them divined his purpose, and gave his men ordoi-s to 
 tire at him. Tiie bullets fell around him like hailstones; 
 the gi'ound was torn uj); the hair cut tVoin his head; 
 and his clothing was reduced to rags. Three volleys 
 
 u 
 
^!»W 
 
 r^p-- 
 
 
 I i' 
 
 2::I0 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 wore tirc'il at liim ; llieii llic liriii<j,- suddenly (.'eased, aiid 
 lie I'eaclied his dcsliiiarK)!i in sal'ety, mid deiivereil his 
 me.s>ai^e. 
 
 Some years after, while MeColl was travelling 
 throut^h Maiiie. a g-eiilleiiiaii, at the elose of a >erviee, 
 invited him and a brother-itinerant, to spend the niii;ht 
 at his house. The eonversation havinic turned durinu' the 
 eveninir upon the sulijeet of a special Providence, the 
 irenllenian |)r<K-eeded to ij;ivo an incident in his own 
 history, in illustration of his views. ' I was in my coun- 
 try's service,' he said, ' at the siege of Penobscot. Our 
 troops landed under cover of oui* shipping. The British 
 retreated in good order, and I pursued close after them 
 with mv reii-imcnt. I oljserNed a, well dressed man. with 
 a. sw«»r'l in his luiud, coming from their fort. 1 knew he 
 had some unfavorable designs against us, and I thottght 
 it my duty to cut him oil'. I ordei-ed my regiment to 
 tin; upon him, and after the tliird volley I. saw tl at ho 
 wa.'j neither killed nor wounded I immediately ordered 
 the men to stop firing at him, and said, ' God has some 
 work i'nv that man to perform upon earth — let him alone.' 
 Lee, McCrtll's fellow-traveller, to whom he had related 
 the incident a few days ])rcviously, while they were 
 passing through Penobscot, motioned to him to ma!<e 
 himself known to his host, but fearful lest the knowledge 
 of hi.s having been in arms against them should interfere 
 with his usefulness amongst the people, McCoU cure- 
 full}' kc'i)t his secret. 
 
 Dui'irig the same siege he had sovei'al other narrow 
 escapes. Once, an eighteen-pound ball strtick his High- 
 land IxMinet from his head, and c<mipletely destroyed the 
 bunch of feathers which adoi'iied it. At another time, a 
 sliell exploded before him, a ])iece of Avhich cut in two the 
 •stock around his neck. A few days after, while seated 
 
 MJ l;,t. 
 
IN THE LOWER PPiOViyrES. 
 
 2:]1 
 
 iie:ir a friend, a l)!ill passed ln'twcon llnMn. and sd close 
 to .ArcColl, that tlio 'wind' knockcMl liiin iVdin his scat, 
 and broke the skin upon liis face and lU'ck. caii^ini:,- the 
 l)lood to flow freely. Diiringaheavy fire, i.i u hicdi .•>evei'al 
 were killed very near iiim, a man, whom the (•v)inniandin^- 
 
 oflieer luid alloweil him as an a^-istant. whi 
 
 le sea 
 
 led 
 
 on .AFeCoirs trunk, in the aet ofeatini;- a jiiece ofhi-ead, 
 had his head taken oft'. For his services dui'inu- thcsien'e, 
 the General, eallinui; him to his own apartment, thanked 
 MeColl in a ' veiy handsome' manner, and then jdaced 
 him in charge of the provisions and other stores whicli 
 should he received from time to time, lor the use of 
 the garrison. 
 
 During the dangers to which he was exposed at 
 Penol.)seot, the im])ressions and hi'tter feelings of Me- 
 CoU's earlier days returned to him ; hut under the 
 untoward influences hy which he was ^■ur^oundl'd in the 
 fort, his course was one of alternate; sin and i-epcntaiice. 
 At length he set apart a day i'oi- s])ecial reflection and 
 praye]' ; and taking a hook, souglit a (pfict ivtreat in 
 
 the wood; 
 
 As ho rose to return, he hecanie consc 
 
 lOllS 
 
 of a new lKi])])iness, ])roceeding, he helicNcd from the 
 Holy S])irit. A wish to leave his forme/ comjianions. 
 and to tind a place wiiere he could sei've (lod \\\\\\ less 
 
 }ml 
 
 )ai-rassmei 
 
 it, led him to as]: for a transfer to head- 
 
 quarters at New York. After having spent a short time 
 on lioard a uian-of-war, he went into winlei'-ipiai-ters at 
 Jamaica, Long Island. At that }»la<'e. during tluMvinlei- 
 of 17S1-2, the clearer change. Avhich made him a 
 consciously adopted child of (Jod. toolc ])iace. Through- 
 out all his wanderings he liad i-c:; 1 his Ihhle. and had 
 not whollyneglected prayer. To thesedutie-.on his arrival 
 at Long Jshnid, he gave s})ecial attention: yet. \v'..ile 
 convinced that salvation w;is to he attained hy faith, he 
 
i il : 
 
 f 
 
 ■4 
 ill 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 k| 
 
 1 
 
 u 
 
 
 232 
 
 J/ 1 STORY OF METJfODISM 
 
 'could sec no dittorcnco between' liis 'owji faith amt 
 thai of the drinkiiiii;, swearing crowd' hy which he was 
 Huri'ounded. One evenini^, while at i)ra3-er, nuich of 
 his life from childliood suddenly came to his recollection ; 
 and l()ni;--forgottcn actions, opposed to the character and 
 will of God, rose up before him. Like others, he strove 
 to palliate the force of accusation by a 'reference to liis 
 morality and good desires,' but ' conscience could not be 
 a])])easetl by so flimsy a stratagem.' Sorrow and trouble 
 of lieai-t permitted him to sleep but little that night. 
 The succeeding day was one of sore distress. Towards 
 its close, the views he entertained of his guilt as a con- 
 demned sinner, induced liim to believe that mercy could 
 not bo extended to him ; and yet, in his agony of spirit, 
 he could not resist praying that ho might be save<l. The 
 mental conflict became at length so intense that it 
 seemed to him that he was al)out to pass into eternit}^ 
 un2)reparetl, Ijecause unforgiven. Just then light broke 
 in u})on the darkness ; and an ' invisible spiritual 
 instructor ' whispered in his ear, ' Believe in the Lord 
 Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved.' The necessary 
 trust in Christ was soon exerciscxl, and immediately 
 ' there was a great calm.' Respecting the experience of 
 this period, he afterward wrote : ' This peace of soul and 
 calm feeling remained with me. I do not recollect of it 
 leaving me for two years, for one hour at any time. 
 Although I had some temptations Groddid not leave me.' 
 
 McColl occasionally found himself face to face with 
 some of the temptations peculiar to military life. In 
 such cases he had to utter a deliberate 'Xo,' where refu- 
 sal involved risk of otfence. His firmness, however, 
 hai)])ily secured for him the respect of those who could 
 not fully comprehend his motives. This fact received a 
 singular illustration. The greater number of the men 
 
ly THE LOWER PliOVJXCES. 
 
 233 
 
 lieloiiu'iiiL!: to a (rronjulior C()m])Jiny wore Komaii 
 C'alholio. The liciitciiuiit, to whom the priest had u-iveii 
 aiitlioi'ity to receive tlic conle.ssions of the men, and to 
 proiiouiu-e the consequent absolution, professing- himself 
 untit foi- the important trust, transfon-ed his authority 
 to a sergeant, who soon i^'rew weary of the re])ulsive 
 and unnatui-al task. The poor feUows, in-norant of the 
 fact tliat none 'can forii^ive sins hut God only,' came in 
 their distress to McCoU, to unburden their consciences. 
 lie s(»on learned that they were makinu^him their father- 
 confessor; and endeavoured to point out to them a more 
 excellent way. Durin<;- a conversation with them, one 
 of the men told him of the ne^dect of duty on the ])art 
 of the lieutenant and the sei;i;eant, and touchin^dy re- 
 marked ; ' Now, we are lost sheep without a she])herd. 
 Wo were in the habit of unbosoming ourselves to the 
 confessor, who used to pray with us and to ]»i-onounce 
 absolution, which relieved our minds, but now we are in 
 sin, and luive to carry the burden all the day without a 
 confessor. Wo believe you to be a good man, and we 
 feel comfoi't in unbosoming ourselves to you.' For the 
 advice he gave them in their trouble, the men were 
 grateful. Of this they gave a practical proof, l)y watch- 
 hig with him night after night during a tedious illness 
 of fourteen weeks. 
 
 After an unsuccessful attempt to obtain a com- 
 mission, McColl resolved, at the close of the war, to 
 proceed to England, whei'e the General had ])roniised to 
 use his influence in his behalf. In order to obtain the 
 interest of another otftcei-, then in JLalifax, he sailed for 
 Nova tScotia with Philip Mai-chinton, whose vessel, 
 driven otf the coast by a severe stoi-m, made the harbor 
 of St. George's, Bermuda, where the passengers, three 
 hundred in number, remained throughout the winter. 
 
!i'''7»r 
 
 on 
 
 2.14 
 
 inSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 From OIK' oftlicsc, a yoiiiii;- wotniiii, ])rc'\i<»iis|y coinicct 
 (mI willi the MoIIkxHsIs ill lMiilaik'li)Iiia and New Voi-k, 
 who al'lcrwaivls hecaino his wife, McColl leai'iicd more (jf 
 JMc'tliiMlism ihaii he had hithei'lo known. In l-'ehi-iiary, 
 IT''^-!-. dis>atistied with himself on aecount of his h)ng 
 silence, he resolved to s])eak to liis fcllow-))asseii,n'ei'S 
 about the <;"os])i'l of Christ. Several officers ainoni;' them 
 tried 'every scheme in theii' ])0wcr' to silence him, l»iit 
 without success. They soon hecamc convinced of their 
 error, and some of them, befoi'e talcint^ leave of the ve.'j- 
 .sel in the following;* sprini;", frankly confessed their mis- 
 take, and expressed their admii-ation of his conduct. A 
 few yeai's later, McCoIl found several persons connected 
 with the ^Fethodist cliui'cli. at Halifax and eisewjiere, 
 who had been led into the service of Christ througli Jiis 
 efforts at Bermuda. 
 
 The storm which di-ove Marchinton's vessel to the 
 southwai'd chaniced the whole course of McCoU's life. 
 After a short delay in Halifax, he took some goods to 
 St. Andrews. Thence, during the following year, he 
 removed to St. Stephen, to take chai'geof the business of 
 two of his former ollicers who wished to visit Scotland. 
 Thespiritual state of the inhabitants madehim sorrowful. 
 ' I found them,' lie afterwards wrote, ' a mixed multitude 
 from (n-eat Jiritain, Ireland, antl the United States of 
 America; partly disbanded soldiers and refugees, scat- 
 tered through the wildei'ness, without either the form or 
 power of godliness. There was no 2)lace of ]iublic wor- 
 ship within sixty miles of them, save one of the Church 
 of England, in the town of St. Andrews, sixteen miles 
 from this place. McColl's dwelling soon became a centre 
 of religious interest. On the tirst Sabbath six neighbors 
 came, with Avhom he read the Scriptures and knelt in 
 prayer. On the next Sabbath sixty came. The interest 
 
7.Y THE LOWE 7? PROViyrES. 
 
 
 ifc. 
 to 
 
 OI 
 
 mu. 
 h'ul. 
 tndc 
 of 
 
 In or 
 
 [xov 
 
 III 
 hi 
 
 ch 
 Ics 
 
 ntro 
 h sors 
 It in 
 
 U'CSt 
 
 ('nntirnic(l lo <j;?'(>w. ]\Icr'()irs iioarcst iK'i,;j,'lil)oi-. who liml 
 allcil ii|i()ii him ill deep meiiljil distress, found pcacr witli 
 (Jod through Itelicviiin' ; and live otliers ])rot'(.'ssed coti- 
 versioii (hii'iiit;' tlie >aine wt'elc. The ir.a^'ist ratios threat- 
 ened to >iij)|)ress the ineetiiiixs, hut Me(.'oll ](uMicly 
 assumed tlie responsihility of tlieir eoiitinuancc. ;i!i'l no 
 interference was attemptech A e()nvieti<jn that it was 
 liis duty to ])reaeh, to wliieh lie had previously hccn a 
 stran-er, now suddenly took possession of him. ' I tasted 
 and prayed, and laid our ease hefore the Lord,' say> 3Ie- 
 Coll, 'and the i)roj)lieeies of Jeremiah, 2i). 8-11, eame 
 with such foree to my soul as to remove all seruple. and 
 1 was sure that the Lord called me to the ministry. J was 
 deejil}' eoii.^eious of my want of talents for the ministry, 
 but God added spiritual help.' 
 
 McColl soon called the believers in his neii;-lil)()rhood 
 toii'cther, and formed a society, as nearly in accoi-dance 
 with the Methodist system as his limited knowled<;-e of 
 3Iethodism would permit. As soon as possible he ii:ave 
 up business, and devoted his time to the study and ndnis- 
 try of the word. A call fi-om Maine took him for a -diort 
 1 ime into that State. On his return he was gladdened by 
 some few" conversions every two or three months. ' I kept 
 on the move,' ho writes, ' around the country and dow^n 
 to the Island ; and, blessed bo the Lord, I met with 
 encouragement wdierevcr I went; for Satan's kingiwi.i 
 suffered much loss. 1 visited St. Andrcw^s, St. l)a\ jti .s, 
 and elsewhere. My whole time was now devoted to the 
 ministry. I had also to provide a house, scats, and a fire 
 for the people in the winter, for no one took it into his 
 head to help me. M}' own property was blessed abun- 
 dantly; yea, almost, if not altogether, to a miracle. My 
 faith in that respect was disturbed once. I felt a little 
 discouraged, but these "words came into my mind and 
 
 t 
 
 .'t 
 
230 
 
 HI STORY OF 3IET1101USM 
 
 ■ V -«• 
 
 ll 
 
 relieved iiic : ' When 1 sent you forth witliKiit iiioiiev, 
 liiekeil ye anytliiii::: ?' I cried, ' Xothiiii!:, I'"'d, no, no!' 
 As IK) j)riviite house in St. Stephen eoiild <niituin the 
 ('onti'reu;;iti()n, .McColl and his friends eoiiinuMiced the 
 erection ol' u eiiui'cli at that phiec, in K'"'. At the 
 compkUion of tl»e huildinii; a deht of sixty jM.iinds remain- 
 ed, which in less than four years was removed l»y means 
 of Sahliath collect ic^ns. 
 
 At the time of McC'oH's arrival at llalitiix, in the 
 autumn oflTIH, Ijlack was in Newfoundland. Heo-an. 
 wliom he had left in chari^e, was the tir^t Afethodist 
 minister with wliom McColl became acquainied. McCoU 
 ]>reached in Ifalifax, and remained thei-e thice days. In 
 ^oini;: and returniui;" he preached at Windsor. While in 
 Halifax he received a present of a ' i^ood suit of broad- 
 cloth.' This, with three cheose.s carried on his back for 
 ten miles, and three and a half dollars in ca-^h, consti- 
 tuted his whole worldl}' renuraeration for scvm yeai's of 
 labor, ' in wor<l and doctrine,' During the t'ol lowing 
 spring. Black retui-ned McColl's visit; and .McColl, cue 
 in heart with them before ho had seen their faces, fell 
 into line with the Methodist itinerants of the Lower 
 Provinces. 
 
 Earle}' had reached Cumberland in July, 1791. On his 
 arrival he obiained from Mr. Pipes, a local ])i'eacher, 
 'some kind of apian,' which ho used as a guide. On 
 the following Sabbath he preached in the niorning at 
 Sackville to a good and attentive congregation; and in 
 the afternoon in the court-house at Amhei-st. At the 
 latter })lace the youthful preacher spoke with 'consider- 
 able liberty/ and the congregation listened with ' great 
 attention,' but at the close they permitted liim to stand 
 beside the circuit horse, until the sheritf of the county, 
 seeing his awkward position as a stranger, invited him 
 
JX T/ff'J LOWER PROnXCKS. 237 
 
 ()!' 
 
 ilic 
 
 the 
 
 the 
 
 tiiiv 
 
 3uns 
 
 11\o 
 
 odist 
 C'OoU 
 .. In 
 ile in 
 )road- 
 •k I'or 
 
 onsti- 
 
 tirs of 
 
 )%vinL;" 
 
 I, one 
 , fell 
 iower 
 
 lOn hi^ 
 ;aolicr, 
 On 
 ling tit 
 tind in 
 .t the 
 [nsidcr- 
 ' o-reat 
 stand 
 'ounty, 
 led him 
 
 to his h()ii-<'. and hospitably entei'tainod liini. K;irK v 
 t'ound his lio^t, and some of tlio ])e(»|>h', ' taintr<l " witli 
 Xewliuhl iM'iiu'iples. At Fort Lawrence lie ihoiiicht 
 the eon,i;i'i'i:alit>ii ' tilled with unbelief, ami he-sot ^vilh the 
 vanities .*iimI fashions of the world.' hiirinjj' his >t}i\' in 
 the Cmnlicrland eircuit Ivirley met with lillli'i-ncouraii-e- 
 ment. '1 cndeavoiired,' he says, 'to staix^'eralonu" for the 
 
 HDac 
 
 e of loiir months, when I left them in ncarlv llirsai 
 
 nc 
 
 ^tate ill which I found the 
 
 m. 
 
 The winter of thai vrar 
 
 was sjx'iii \<y him at Hopewell, and at llillshoroiiuh and 
 
 til 
 
 uin 
 
 er pi 
 
 ;ict'> I 
 
 )n the Petieodiac river. Tliroiiirliout the win- 
 
 ter he travelled wholly on foot, with his saddle-baii's over 
 his vhoiildc's. His siitrerin_ii;s from loni;-journeys throuirh 
 deep snow s were sometimes very sex 're. One day, he 
 had freqiU'iit ly to lie down ibr rest on the snow, to tind 
 his hair fnizon to the collar of his coat, as he attcmjttrd 
 to I'isc. Vet. for these hardshijis he wa> not 
 without compensation. lli.s inlercoiirse with some 
 of those (Jcrman settlers who had been among the tii-st 
 fruits (»f l)!ack's ministry, and the decided coiivci'<ioii ot 
 several pcr-oiis thnjugh his own lai)oi-s during the 
 winter, gave him deep satisfaction. Three of these con- 
 vei'sions, which took place in a neighliorhood thirty or 
 forty mile-; t'rom the mouth of the Petieodiac river, were 
 of a mai'ked character. An old Xe«vlight gentleman 
 gave Kai'lev an invitation to his home. Unable at the 
 time to accept it, he promised to avail him>elf 
 of it ill llirei.' weeks, and to preach, if he would open 
 his house, or procure another for that pui'pose. A house 
 was obtained, and due announcement of the intended ser- 
 vice made by the old gentleman. At the ajipointed 
 time, he, with tlic preacher and others, re])aired to the 
 place, to have the door shut in their faces by 
 a party engaged in a dance. The old gentleman, no less 
 
■I :1 
 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 .surprisoil than the prcnchcr, at once offcriMl liis own 
 luiiisi', to which they repaired, followed soon al'lei' by 
 the K'adei- and sevei-al of the party who had shut the 
 ])iva('hei- out. As Karley proceeded in his sermon on 
 Clirist's words to Nicodenius, a powerful innuciici' ac- 
 companied his utterances. Amoniji; those ino.>t deeply 
 in pressed was the leatler of the dancing Jiart}-, who, 
 convinced of sin, began to pray for mercy. Tlie preach- 
 er tiieii ceased to preach, and conimenceil to address the 
 j)eni(eitts personally, liefore the close of ilie meeting 
 this man rose to testily ol' pardon, ar.d to reveal the plot 
 laid to 2)revent the service. The owner of the house, in 
 which this scheme had heen carried out, hee:ime y^^vy 
 angry Avilh his brother-in-law on account of the .-'idden 
 change in his course, and declared tlia? he liimseL' would 
 attend the next service, Imt would take good care that 
 ' they sliould not make such a fool' of him. Under the 
 next sernum preached by Karley he, too^ was convinced 
 of sin. At the close of the service he met the preacher 
 in a jtenitent spirit, and invited him to his house. 
 At a prayer-meeting held there that evening he 
 obtained forgiveness. His wife, who during the meet- 
 ing, toi' the tir.st time felt her need of salvation, obtained 
 a cond'oi'talile assurance of it a few tlays later, in another 
 l)rayei'-Tneeting. Henceforth, the house from whifh 
 Earley had been so rudely repulsed becanu' one (»t' hi^ 
 pre.'udiing ])laces. 
 
 In 3larch, 1702, he crossed the country, and spent a 
 weeiv among some of the settlers on the Kennebeccasis. 
 'Many of the people,' he says, ' were averse to .Melho- 
 di>m, and iiuh^ed to everything that was good.' lie 
 labored there with Imt little snccess. On his return 
 to the Peticodiac, lie formeil at one of his preaching places 
 a society of seventeen pcr.sons, some of whom were after- 
 
 I 
 
/y THE LOWER FJWVISCES. 
 
 2ol> 
 
 •easis. 
 |K'tl;t)- 
 II c 
 
 ■0 till" 11 
 
 after- 
 
 wards U'd away by the Xcwlights. Duviiii;- a second visit 
 totlic KeiHicl)CCt'a.sis, in Juiu', ]ie])reac'lK'd in spite oi'llic 
 reiiioiist ranees and threats of the niau'istiale. Tlic first 
 
 -crvjcL' was 
 
 held 
 
 in a larire hani. 
 
 At ti 
 
 K' c'l(»iiii:,' >-ri'\u'c 
 
 four 'ii»uiid peace.' As he I'eturnt'd to his i-ii-cuit. m'WM'uI 
 ])L'rs()n>. hlossed throut!;h his niinistiy, aeeumpaniiMl hiiii 
 a iV-\v iiiilos on his ioiiniey, and tlicu i(M)i< a rcliu'lant 
 fan.'\ve'li. About tlie middle oj'.Junc he left TlupLWcll for 
 8t. John, in search of apassa^'c to New Yorlc. 
 
 Boyd remained on the southern coast of Xova Scfitia, 
 until relieved by Fisler, in thesj)ring of 17'.*-. ills lahors 
 at liiverpool, where he succeeded (irandiii. were hiii,hly 
 ajipi'cciated. Tlie single reference ])reserved i"e>])ecti nu- 
 
 ns ]»resence m 
 
 Shell 
 
 »ui'ne, occurs in a note m ^^•llI(■jl a 
 
 Shelbui'iie meivhant announces to a I'rieiid liie death anvl 
 burial of an old and favorite slave. 'The nei^^'oes,' s lid 
 
 •d. 
 
 'Tl 
 the nu'rcliant, in reference to the funeral. 
 
 nro 
 
 light l)o} 
 
 a rigid Metliodist parson, wliom I sent about his busi- 
 ne>s.' .fessop, during tlie autumn of 1701, laforedwith 
 much success at Jiarrington. 
 
 During tlie winter of 1791. (Jrandin visited ^^'allace. 
 then kn«)wn by its Indian nameof liamsheg. A nutnlierof 
 loyalists had settled, in 17H4, on a tract l;;id out to'- a 
 town, on the north side of the harbor, neai-ly oj)i)osite to 
 the site of the present village. The majorii_\' ol' these had 
 borne ai'ms during the late war. Many remained Imt a 
 siioi'l time in their new (luarteis. Those wlm h:;d re>oK-ed 
 to become settlers had not hi'cn soui-'ht out li\' the niin- 
 isters of theEpisco])al Church, the services of w liieli they 
 had been accustomed to attend beti)re tlu'ir removal to 
 Xova Scotia. But one minister had Ibuiid his way into 
 the settlement during the seven yeai-s which liadela})setl 
 since these exiles sought a new home near the Sti'aits of 
 X'orthumberland. This solitary visitor was J'Mward 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Maiiiiiiig-, of the Baptist Church. In the absence of 
 religious services the settlers became very dissipated, and 
 total inattention to moral and religious duties prevailed. 
 Chastisement prepared the way for a blessing. Disease 
 of a contagious and severe type visited nearly all the 
 families, and death left his footprints in many homes. 
 The sudden death of a man who had been sent for a 
 quantity of liquor, over which to carouse, had also made 
 some im[)ression. The influence of these events had 
 not wholly passed away, when Grandin, who had been 
 preaching to the loyalist settlers on AVestchester Moun- 
 tain, made his appearance at the head of Wallace Bay, 
 accompanied by]^[r. Donkin, of River Phili]\ Arrange- 
 ments had been made for a dance at the house of Thomas 
 Iluestis, on the evening of the day of his arrival. The 
 floor had been sanded, and a few of the guests had ar- 
 rived, when a message reached the house, that a Methodist 
 preacher, at Andrew Forshner's, desired permission to 
 preach in the room that evening. The voice of a preacher 
 had so rarely been heard in the neighborhood, that the 
 strange request was granted. Various o])inions were ex- 
 pressed at the conclusion of the sermon, but all gave 
 utterance to a feeling of satisfaction that the ])reacher had 
 not made war upon their favorite amusements. At the ser- 
 vice on the following evening, at the house of Stephen 
 Cantield, the same immunity from attack was not enjoyed. 
 The preacher, more secure in his position, uttered strong 
 W(n'ds, in condemnation of all amusements tending to ex- 
 clude religion from the heart, or weaken its influence upon 
 the life. His words were accompanied by the power of the 
 S])irit. The prayers of the awakened were heard from all 
 parts of the room. Day after da}-, the people met to listen 
 to the Gospel, and at almost every service some were 
 converted. The work proved to be as permanent as it 
 
7.Y TME LOWER rROVINCES. 241 
 
 IMf 
 
 jouvertcd. The work ])i'uvo<l to bo .i.s pei-in:iiieiil as it 
 was pov.'oi'ful. Many ol' tlic descendants of tlie e<n\\\'rts 
 of that day, are to bo found among the Methodists of iho 
 Wallace, and othei" circuits, ami in the ministry of ihe 
 Church. 
 
 Ste].)]ien Cantield, in wh(;se lioitse tlie revival com- 
 
 menced 
 
 ;ecame one of the chief 
 
 p.] 
 
 ars o 
 
 f tl 
 
 le 
 
 infant 
 
 churcli. lie was a native of Ee<lfor(l, In the Slate of 
 New Yolk, Having been a vigorous suppoi'tei- of J5ritish 
 rule, during llie Revolutionary struggle, he l)ecanie ;iu 
 exile ar its close. \\\ June, 1^83, he landed in Wc.>t- 
 morehmd. Aftei* a winter spent at Aniliersl. he. witli 
 a nuniber of others, sailed from Baie Verte to Hamslieg. 
 During the revival under Grandin, he and his wife sought 
 and f(3und the toi'givencss of sins, and thencefoi'tli 
 walked in newness of liie. Mr. Canticld wasoiten heard, 
 in later years, to say : • A\'hen J set out foi- heaven, it was 
 with u determination, by the grace of (Jod, to h.old out 
 to the end.' Ilis christian career was marked \)y deci- 
 sion of eharacter, and a readiness to confess his Master 
 under any circumstances j and his piety was of that 
 cheei'ful stamp which I'onderetl his society attractive to 
 all, and editied the Ctiristian, while it convinced the 
 worldly man of the puritj^ of his motives. His visits 
 were welcomed by the afiiicted ; and his co-operation 
 wiih the ministry, and his pecuniary assistance in the 
 extension of the work of the Ciiurch, wei-e freely gi\ en. 
 In his house the earlier ministei's of the Wallace circuit 
 found a comfortable home. For twenty years he was 
 circuit steward. Soon after his conversion he was aj>- 
 pointed a leader. The duties of that office he relinquish- 
 ed only u short time befoi'e his death. The closing 
 scene of his life of eighty-eight years was befitting the 
 departure of a child of (jiod, to the 'many mansions' of 
 
"W^ 
 
 11 
 
 WM' 
 
 
 'i 
 
 242 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 *Go(l is good,' said tlie vciierabit 
 
 h's Father's house, 
 old man to his pastor, on one occasion, when his \Yords 
 were few through weakness; '(fod is good ! If I should 
 say He is not good, I should s;iy wi-ong! You m^^.y tell 
 my friends and the Avorld tluit T tlnd (iod is good.' A 
 few moments before his death one of liis family said to 
 him, 'You will soon be iu lieaven." 'i jim i:-) ht-avcii 
 already, my deai-;' was liis answijr, and iiis final eai'tlily 
 utterance. Five minutes later, he ' w;is not, for God had 
 taken him.' 
 
 Black, after his return from Xewlbundland, in the 
 autumn of 17131, remained a shoj-t lime at Halifax, where 
 his presence was much needed. Tiie remarkable out- 
 ]>ouring of the Holy Spirit's influences, wliich had accom- 
 panied his labors in Newfoundland, had formed a new 
 era in his ministerial life. Suea Iriumpjjs are to the 
 ('hristian, not unfreqiiently, the foreriiimurs of trial, cal- 
 culated to test his faith to its utmost capacity. It so fell 
 out iu Black's case. Happily for himself, and for the in- 
 terests of the church in Halifax, the .spii'il of self-conse- 
 cration and strong faith, in whieh he had left the sh-n'os 
 of Newfoundland, prepared him to meet the trial wnich 
 awaited him on his arrival in Nova Scotia, with calmness 
 and energy. During his absence, unbecoming conduct 
 on the part of Marchinton, the most wealthy and influ- 
 ential man among the Methodists at Halii'ax, had led to 
 his exclusion from the church. His ownership of the 
 commodious building in which Bhud: and other ministers 
 bad preached for several years, atl'oi-ded liim an oppor- 
 tunity of gratifj'ing an uidiallowed determination to in 
 volve the society in all possible perplexity. 'He at- 
 tempted,' wrote a leading member, 'to raise himself 
 above all discipline, and therefore fell. Oh, the deceit- 
 fulness of riches ; how they blind the understanding and 
 
IN THE LOWEJl PROVINCES. 
 
 243 
 
 ^ ' 
 
 luu'dcn the conscience! By this event woarede])rive(l nt 
 a public phiee for worship"), and for the present are oblige I 
 to hold our meetings in a private house. But tlie liOi-d 
 is with us, and we find his fall the cause of otlicrs being 
 established. The society are unanimous respecting the 
 necessity of his being expelled.' Black, upon his retui-n. 
 remonstrated seriously and affectionately with ]\Iarchin- 
 ton, but in vain, lie continued unshaken in his deter- 
 mination neither to rent nor to sell the building, for the 
 accommodation of the Methodists. 
 
 The cloud, wliicli at this jieriod overhu;ig the liule 
 church in Halifax, and seemed in the view of some to l)e 
 charged with elements of destruction, broke in blessings 
 upon it. The fiery trial, instead of paralyzing th(^ 
 energies of the membership, strengthejied and developed 
 them, to an extent wholly unexpected. The necessity for 
 the erection of a place of worship having become absolute, 
 the usual jjreparaloiy steps were soon taken. The 
 promptness and generosity of the response, from those to 
 whom the subscription list was first presented, disj)elled 
 tiie doubts of the more timid, and autliorize<l the adoption 
 of immediate measures fbi- tlie erection of a new church. 
 The names of many prominent citizens of Halifax ajipoar 
 on the list of subscribers. The spirit in which some ot 
 these responded to the call added to the value of theii- 
 contributions. A note, wdiich acconipanied a subscription 
 of three guineas, forwarded by Eichard John Uniacke, 
 Ksq., afterwards Attorney-lieneral of the Pi'ovince, and 
 father of the late Rev. li. F. Uniacke, Rector of St. 
 George's, Halifax, lias been preserved. ' The experience 
 wdiich we have had in this community," wrote ]\[r. 
 Uniacke, ' of the good effects pj'oduced by the assembling 
 of persons of your ])ersuasion for the purpose of publi< 
 worship, gives me good hopes, from the zeal manifested by 
 
 ill 
 
244 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 many in >U]({>()rl thereof, lliat ils good etroet.s will !->? 
 farther fell; iiml that in time it may extend itself so far 
 into ihc countr}' pans as to pi-oduee a return of lli:;t. 
 decency and deeoi-um, s(j necessary' to he observed on ail 
 .solemn occ'isions, wliieh, I am sorr}' to say, in so many 
 instances in the countiy' pai-ts of this ])rovinee, has l)eeu 
 ^a<l]y violated l»y the mistaken methods ])ursucd by 
 ii^norant persons, whose errors arose from an overheat^'! 
 imaii'ination, and the want of inijM'oved teachers to lead 
 them to moderate their passions, ajid to instruct them 
 that the true worshij) of a Supreme J>ein<j; does not I'ecjuiro 
 tlic neijlect of the established duties oj'civil society.' 
 
 Driven frcjm their former place of worship, the 
 lead».'rs. meanwhile, made the best i»ossible provisi(jn for 
 the emergency, by hiring the theatre. In that building. 
 known afterwards as the 'Duke of Kent's theati-e." aiid 
 at a later jteriod as the place in which, foi- several year-, 
 Walter Bi'omley, Esq., carried on a school on the Lanca->- 
 terian system, the(iros]xd was preached w^ith much succe.-s 
 by Vrilliani Black and Wii'iam Jessop. Their regard for 
 the purity of tlieir member diip, and the exercise of their 
 discipline in the face of trials of no trifling kind, had won 
 for the Methodists the respect of the jtublic, ajid had 
 drawn toward tliom those, who, in that age of laxity of 
 morals, formed the determination to lead a better life. 
 After having done all in his ])ower to confu'in and 
 strengthen the members. Black left them, to visit Ilorton, 
 Granville, Annapolis and Digby. From the latter ])lacL' 
 he crossed to St John, whei'e, for the first time, he met 
 Bi-hr»p, His treatment in St. John has already been 
 de-scribed. In N^ovember he returned to Halifax, 
 
 The conversion of Joshua Newton, who afterwaid 
 rendered im]~»ortant aid to provincial Methodism, took 
 place in connexion with the services held in the theatro. 
 
m THE LOWER rROVhXCES. 2\:> 
 
 I for 
 linij,'. 
 au«l 
 
 iH-u>- 
 
 1 1 lor 
 their 
 
 \V<JU 
 
 liad 
 ty of 
 
 life. 
 \ uivl 
 )rtt)iK 
 
 met 
 l)eeii 
 
 li'wavtl 
 
 t(K)lv 
 
 leiitro 
 
 This young man l)eloiir;'0(l to one of the most influentirJ 
 iamilies in Xovii Scotia, llihhort Newton, his Lfi'aiid- 
 fatliei', hail heen Colleetor of Cnst()m^ at Anna)>o]is, when 
 thai towMi was the capital of Novu Scotia ; and a memher 
 ot' Council, when (ho ("oiincil was tii-st constituted hy 
 (xDVurnor Pliilips in 1720. His fat hor, Henry Newton, was 
 tlio fircjt Collector at Halifax, where he filled tliat oflu-c 
 for fifty years ; and, according to tlie |t(.)litical system of 
 that day, which passed certain offices and honors from 
 father to son, as if they pertained to the Idi'thright. In.', 
 too, was a momher of tlie Council for moi-e than foiiy 
 years. (Ti!l)ert Stewart Newton, li.A., his son, hecame 
 an artist of distinction, and contri1)uted some valiiahle 
 pictures to the treasury of Britisli art. Oneof his jiietui-cs. 
 beautifully executed, occupies a consy»icuous position 
 among those of ITogartli, Wilkio, and others in tlie Vernon 
 (iallery, London; another may he seen in the 'Sheej> 
 shaidvs collection' in the South Kensini^^jn Museum, Two 
 r)thersof his pictures were sold to English nohlemen f>r 
 five hundred guineas eaeh. To an elder son of Henry 
 Newton lielongs the greater and more [lei'iiianent honor, 
 which lieavcn attaches to those who turn men to right- 
 eousness. Joshua Newton, a }"oung mai\ of moi'al 
 hal)its, was led to 'think on his ways' hy seeing a ])ersoii 
 break through the ice in the harhor, who, though res- 
 cued from tlie water, died from the elfects of the su Iden 
 shock and chill. Reflection led him to seek more sci'ious 
 company than that to which he Inid l)een accustomed. 
 Failing to iind it in tlie l']])isco])al Chureh, in connexion 
 with which ho had been trained, he turned towai'd the 
 ]Methodists; and in the theatre, where he had witnessed 
 gatherings of a very ditferent cliai'acter, lie heard words 
 whereby he was saved. Soon after, his brotluM- Francis 
 beeame one with him in heart, and in }»urpose. It was 
 
 'I 
 
u 
 
 ! ■' .- 
 
 i 
 
 'ft: a 
 
 24G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 about lli's })Griod, that the late John Jost also became 
 conviiiced of the importance of personal salvation, and 
 havini^ obtained an assnrance of it, .sought a])laceamonu!; 
 the Methodists of Halifax. Tn earlier days his heart had 
 been influenced by the Si>irit oi' God, and lie had been 
 enal)led fearlessly to condemn certain customs which 
 tended to evil; but it was not until he came within the 
 rano-c of Black's ministry that he learned to look at the 
 Crucifled One, with that utter distrust of self, and that 
 recumbency upon His atonement, which is followed hy a 
 manifestation of God, as a reconciled Father, His wife 
 soon joined him in the pathway of life. For many yeai-s 
 Mr. Jost discharged faithfidly the duties of a leader. 
 When he had reached his eiglity-sixth year, death found 
 him at his post, and noiselessly removed him to the land 
 of immortal life. Several of Ids children and grand 
 children have mei'ited honorable mention among the 
 ministry and laity of Methodism. 
 
 Anotlier, whose virtues and deep piety have been 
 placed on record, identified herself at this period with the 
 inftint church. ^ This was the wife of David Seabury, 
 Esq., a brother of Samuel Seabuiy, D.D., the first bishop 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. 
 This lady had been cai'efully trained by her mother in the 
 usages of that Church, and at a comparatively early age 
 had become a subject of renewing grace. At the close of 
 the Eevolutionary w^ar she and her children accompanied 
 her husband to Nova Scotia. A desire for congenial chris- 
 tian friends led her, al)Out 1702, to say to the members 
 of the Society, ' T will go with you, for Cfod is with you.' 
 Eeverses in business obliged her husband and herself to 
 return to New York in ISOG. Previously to that period 
 two of her daughters had left her home, to share the un- 
 
 ' Dr. Bangs, in ' Our Excellent Women' of Methodism, p. 238. 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 247 
 
 ccrtniii lot of tho early itinoraiils. Tlir()n:i;h ihc many 
 changes which took [ilaco in her t.'.\t(M'iiuI circuinstanccs 
 ^Tl•s. Scabui'V continuod stcadf'asl in the failh ol'('hri>t. 
 The (•lo^o of her long and chequered liib was one of 
 ti'iiinipli. 
 
 l']arly in tho spi-ing of 1702, afrangemeiits were iiiadc 
 lof the erection of the new ehnrch. Alexander Ander- 
 son, Joseph Anderson, his l)roUu'r, John "Wisdom, Peter 
 Smith, master blockniai<fr at the Xaval Vai-d, and 
 Samuel Sellou, were api)oinLed trustees. Three of tlu'>e 
 were connected with the Dockyard. Samuel Sellon was 
 a nephew of Walter Sellon, the accomj)!ished Kpiseop^il 
 divine, and staunch I'riend of Wesley, whose theology he 
 vigorously defended against the attacks of the hrothors, 
 Sir Richard, and Rowland Hill. The nephew, a native of 
 Halifax, was surveyor of lumber at the Dockyard. Res- 
 pect for Black, to whom he liad been introduced, led him 
 to listen to him. He soon received 'the truth in the 
 I(we thereof,' and withdrew from the Episcopaliajis, 
 amonu' whom he had heen ti'ained, to unite with the 
 Methodists. His deep piety, and his clieerful, ])leasing 
 countenance, winch even severe suffering could not 
 change, made him extensively useful. At the bi'eaking 
 uj) of tho Dockyard establishment in 1819, a pension was 
 granted him. Highly respected to the end, ho died in 
 1851 at Liverpool. 
 
 A lot of land on the western side of Ai-gylesli'cet was 
 conveyed in May, 1702, to these trustees, who immedi- 
 ately entered into an agreement with Edward Wisdom 
 for the erection of a ' Rreaching-Hciuse,' to be ' fifty feet 
 in length, thirty-six in breadth, and twenty-two feet post.' 
 The fou!idation was dug by Methodist soldiers. In ac- 
 cordance with an arrangement between the trustees and 
 the contractor, those who had money or materials gave 
 
i :|i 
 
 ifi 
 
 i Hi 
 
 lil^ 
 
 Iflf 
 
 
 24S 
 
 IIISTOIiY OF MF/nWDI^M 
 
 tliein ; those who lia<l nciihei' g;u'e hihor; and some, 
 (h'('])ly iiitei'ostud, sjjent evoiiinu' hf»ui's in assi>ting the 
 Avork. Oji the luoniini;" of .Sniiday, Noveiiiher 2\S{\\, 17^2, 
 the biiildiiii;' was formal ly opcuied. On thai j-yous 
 Ofcasion, .Tessop pi-eachod, i(. is said, from (len. 19. 2.'{ ; 
 ' The sun was ri;->en on the earth wlieti Ijot entered into 
 Zoar.' 'riieticeforth, tlie new building was known a>' 
 'Zom- Chapel.' 
 
 Pourtoen pounds, in aid of the buildiuii; fund, were 
 received from i)r. Coke. Nineteen jvuijid.- were also eon- 
 trii»uled by Methodist soldiers jii Halifax. This sum, 
 wdiieh may be considered hiri2;e, in view of the extremely 
 low rate of pay then received by the liiitish soldier, was 
 collected by John Watts, a, sei'i;'eant of the 21si rei^i- 
 ment, who occasioiudly occupied the puli^ii as a locjd 
 ])reacher, afte:* the completion of che church. These 
 Christian soldiers were pei-mitted (o worship but a shoi't 
 time in the church, in [\\(\ erection of which tluy had 
 taken a deep interest. In 17^3 they were removed to the 
 West Indies; and during the si»i'ing of tlie t^bllowing 
 year tidings reached Halifax of the death of several oi 
 their number, among whom, wiole one of the members 
 at Halifax, was 'dear brotlier Walls, tiiesheplierd of the 
 little flock.' 
 
 George Edward Watts, the only son of this Methodist 
 soldier, [ind a native of Halifax, afterwards attained a 
 prominent ])Osition among distinguished Nova Scotians 
 His mother, left in charge of him and. his sister, turnal 
 a good education to accouiit by opening a scho(d in Hali- 
 fax. In 1*707, the son, then a bright ooy of twelve j-ears, 
 Bucceeded, either through personal etlorts, or the good, 
 otriees of tlie many fi-iends his mother had gained, in 
 reaching the ear of the Huke of Kent, then holding tlK- 
 chief military command in Neva Scotia. The Buke, 
 
IN THE LO]VKR PA'OVTKiES. 
 
 219 
 
 lodisL 
 K'tl !'• 
 
 jlluli- 
 
 rears, 
 
 Id, in 
 [)uk^'. 
 
 pleased with the liul, and iiifornu'd hy i1h' Tnothcr that 
 her husband had served in hi- own i-ci'-inu-n!, almost 
 immediately plaecnl him on hoard a niMn-of-war, as a mid- 
 sliipman, and ma(h' him aii allowance from his ]»i-ivato 
 [)urse for live years. Theoi)ini()n cnteiMainrd of him in' 
 the Duke was fully justified h^• his futin-o eaveer. In 
 several important naval actions, in the eai-lier part oj'the 
 
 V 
 
 present eeritury, ho took a prominent, and, in some eases, 
 an heroie pai't. Though forty times under fire, and seven- 
 teen times wounded, — on the last ocen^ion so seriously 
 as to unfit him, though in the ]i;'im(' of lifo. foi- furllier 
 
 as Yiee-Aihuii'ul, 
 n>ion. the dri-am 
 
 'd( 
 wi 
 
 tive service, — he lived to i-ealizi 
 
 th t^ 
 
 dal 
 
 wo medals, ana a a'ooa-siu'vuM^ 
 
 ]K' 
 
 of his boyhood. 
 
 After the expulsion of tlie Methodists, Marehinton. 
 himself, preached for a time in tiic building, to which, 
 after the ereetion of Zoar ('haj)f'!. the unsatisfactory 
 name of ' Sodom' was sometimes apj)lied, in the way of 
 eontrast. Previous to its alt'.'ra.tion into dwellinu's. the 
 building had several occupants. In 180G, it was ])urchused 
 byaPresltyterianeongi'egation, of which, in 1812, the Kev 
 James Robson became the pastor. At a lalcu' date it was 
 occu))ied by those friends of Dr. Twining, wIkj seceded 
 from the Episcopal Church in co'isequcnce of the ap- 
 pointment of Dr. Willis to the .Rectorship* of St. Paiil's, 
 in 1824. 
 
'I 
 
 i 
 
 I: '■ ■ M I! 
 
 I 4 
 
 i ill! 
 
 CIIAPTF.R JX. 
 
 METHODISM IN THE LOWEK' rKOVTNCER, FROM THE 
 
 SUMMER OF 17!)I TO THE CONFERENCE 
 
 OF nm.— (Continued.) 
 
 Rc-mnval (if Ncj^roi'f! to Sierra Loono. Tluir sn1)S('(iuent history. 
 Conference of 1702. New Churcl) nt Windsor. Cooper iit 
 AniKipolis. Black at SlielHeld. Incident at Wallace. Success 
 of the work in Halifax. Bishop in St. John. His departure. 
 His removal to Grenada, and death there. McCoU in New 
 Brunswick. Extravagances at Shetiield. Grandin in Prince 
 Edward Island. Natlianacl Wri^iit. Grandin at Nashwaak. 
 I'ersecntion of Grandin and T'^iarley. Courteous conduct of Gov. 
 Carleton. Hardships of Earley, at J'leasant Valley. Farley's 
 return to the United States. Black'.s visit to the General 
 Conference. His ai)i)ointuient as Presidini,' Elder in the West 
 Indies. Erection of new Church at Liverpool. Trustees, — 
 Simeon Perkins and Samuel Hunt, Esqrs. Conference of 17t)3. 
 Black permitted to remain in Nova Scotia. 
 
 In 17^n, for Ihe lust tirno. ii .separate enumci\ation of 
 'bhu'ks" ap])c;irs in the provincial ivtiirns of mcniber- 
 hIiI]). Tlie two hundred colored members, returned f )r 
 that year, had nearly all arrived at a new liome in a far-olf 
 African colony, beft)re the return of summer. The neo'ro 
 population, of which these formed a part, had reached 
 the Provinces at the close of the Ilevolutionary war. 
 Some of them had escaped into the JU'ilish lines during 
 the struggle, and liaving labored on the fortifications 
 had l)een tiansi)orted to the provinces ; others ^'ad 
 accompanied their former masters from the old C( 
 Of the latter class, a few, after their arrival in 'va 
 Scotia, had been transferred as property from one ow . er 
 to another ; but the belief that the courts would 
 not recognize slavery as having i\ lawful existence in 
 the colonies, and perhaps, also, the unsatisfactory 
 character of such property in a country where food was 
 
 1^ 
 
IN TfTE fA)\VKIi PROViyCES. 'i:^\ 
 
 m 
 
 :iiii 
 
 Ncaicc aii'l C'lothiiii;' cxjiriislvc, Id to tin r\\v\ 
 conipleto cm!iii('i]>:iti(»ii. In a cliiuato so nmcli ("Idor 
 than that to whu-h tlu-y had h( ^'ii at^'custoiiK' 1. niaiiv ol' 
 Ihciu liccaiuc a hnrdoii and an anni»\'ancc to the aiuhori- 
 lies, wlioso enact nuMits (•(tiui'rniiiL!; ihein jn'ovoko a >inilo 
 from tho reader of the eai'lier ncords of tlu' (-.''inty 
 Hossions. The Methodist itinerant-, ol' that day expen- 
 ded nnndi iahor in tlie endeavor to (h» them ir'»od, 
 and Avith some success. Amoni;' the colored ]ii-(»j)Io 
 at Sludhurne and liui'i'htown a lai'i.^' society exi-lvd : at 
 Pi'cston was anothei", under the (diai'u'e of Boston Kinii;, 
 of their owti color ; whili' nearly the whole niemlHi'-hip 
 at J>i^-I)y, and a small ]>art of that at Halifax and at .St. 
 John, belonged to the ^ame I'ace. 
 
 An Act to incorpoi'ate tlio Sierra Leone ('om}>any was 
 passed by the British Parliament in iT'dl. This coni]»any 
 had lu'on formed durinir the s])rin!j,' of that ye;ir. atU-r 
 the rcjei'tion hy Parliament of the annual motion ['>■]■ the 
 abolition ol' slavery in the British colonies. It was 
 desii!;ned by the advocates {>[' abolition to be a tradini*- 
 com}»any ; but was formed with no cxjiectation ol" mer- 
 cantile advantau'c. The Dii-ectors aimed, by the extcii>iou 
 of lawful commerce into Africa, to commence the li/ili- 
 
 zation of tlie continent; and in thir 
 
 way to confute, in 
 
 the most pjositivo matmer, jdl the ai-^'uments in ia^or 
 of the slave trade, drawn from the alleged intelhciual 
 inferiority of the African race. With this view, "Wilber- 
 force took an active part in tlie tstablishment of ihe 
 com])any, and consented to act as one of its Directors. 
 A number of the negroes in Xova Scotia, informed of the 
 existence of the com[)aiiy, sent a delegate to England to 
 set fortli to its members on theii- bcdialf, that tlie climate 
 of Nova Scotia htid proved nncongenial, whik- the 
 promises respecting land, made by the provincial govcru- 
 
 I W 
 
252 
 
 iriSTORY OF JlF.TnODTSM 
 
 riTMit. hiv\ not in-cii sii-icliv fiiliilK'il; and to a>k tlioir aid 
 in i'cinovin.^' to llic 7ie\v African colony. On tlu' I'cpro- 
 ROTitations of tlie (l<>lo^alo. tlic Directors sent out I/iciit. 
 Clarkson, a I'l'otiicr of Thomas Clar]\son, the \\ oil-known 
 ]>liihinthvopist, to confui' Avith the govcrnnicnt, and 
 mak'o VtiQ necessary arran;j:enienis for removal. On Ids 
 aiv'ival, the nei^roes thi'oui^iioul, the L tww l^rovinees 
 wei'e seized with a i;'enei'al desire to cinigi'ato to the land 
 of id-oniiso. The late John Sargent, Iv-qr., of Rarj'ing- 
 ton, met a nunduM- of tliein on tln-ir way tVoni the Wesl- 
 wa-'d to Sheli>ui'n(,', and aslced them whither tliey Avere 
 hiiimd. ' Ah ! ALassa,' was I lie rejdv of the simpledioarted 
 (•]'e:iiures, 'we he going to Sien-a Leone to be made 
 majesties (magistrates) of.' Two vesseMoads of them, 
 anioni;' wdioni wei-e many memhers of the ■\relh<tdist 
 socii'iy at Shellyirne and Ijiirchtown, left Shelburne in 
 DeccJidie!', 1701. foi- Halifax, calling on the wa.y at 
 LiverjK)ol, where a local preacher wont aslioro, and held 
 a service. On. the 15th ot'Januaiy, Xl')'!. ;i fleet of lift een 
 ships, chartered l»y tlie provincial govoi'iiment, witli 11!)»1 
 ])lacks on l'>oard, co!le<'ted tVoir. vai'iou>' ]>arts of Xova 
 Seo'ia and New Bi'nn;>wi( k, sailed fi'om lEalifax, under 
 chtirgo of Lieut. Clarkson, for Sierra T;eone Xot long 
 alter their departure a violent storm arose, Avhicli con- 
 tinued for several da^'s, and scattert'd the fleet, hut all 
 reached their destination in safety. At Sierra Leom' ;i 
 new trial awaited them; foi- a fever, which had l.iroken 
 out on tlie ])assage, raged so violently for two or three 
 months after their arrival, that the corpses were with 
 ditliculty inferred. The majoi-ity of the negroes removed 
 from Nova Seotia hy (Markson, ])roved tui'hulent ami 
 nni'uly, and at length, attempted to take the life of the 
 Governor of the colony. In spite of these unfavouralile 
 fireuuLstauces, many of the ^letliodists maintained tlieii' 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVTSrE^. 
 
 '106 
 
 
 ovn 
 lor 
 
 IK 
 
 louii; 
 ii all 
 
 \)\W 
 
 ■() 
 
 ken 
 
 Itliree 
 with 
 
 |\(>V0'1 
 
 It au'l 
 llie 
 lral>lo 
 ihcir 
 
 into 
 
 H'l'ity. 8()iiic iiK'U (jf alilliiy hunlcl ainoiii;" tluin. 
 
 Oi 
 
 U' o 
 
 ni 
 
 iu>e was Boston K ii)u', 'ho lo; 
 
 lUl' 
 
 )!■ the liitlo 
 
 Hook at Pi'Cstoii. wlio, ;it the i'oi[no>l of liio 0()i!ip:ii:y 
 
 \VC':I 
 
 t to I'jnii'hind in iT'ik and al'loi' an alloiuhmoo ol' .wo 
 
 a)id a half voai's at We-lov's sohooi 
 roinrnod to tho oolon\' a-- a loaohoi". Thost,' 
 
 Kini^; 
 laitl 
 
 SW( M )> 
 
 ifn' to 
 
 thoii" forinoi' ])!'o['os-i(!n soon tiu'inod th:'!ii.'olvos into a 
 soc'iot\', and olootod tV\'o oi' (lirtx' of t!io nioro intfllJL'fnt 
 of tlieii'own luimhoi' to waicii ovw thoi)' s{)!ritual ii.'vr- 
 ests. Aftoi' soiiu' tiiin', th(a;u'h j^ooi-. iluy .-nooeedod In 
 tho oreolii>n of a ohurcii. A hh's'^iiiii; alloiidod their 
 eti'orts. In 1811. w'umi (Jooi'uc Wa.i'i'on. tho tiisi Woslc\an 
 ini«>siona!-v from ]']n;.':!and. I'oaohod tho oo!i/ny, lie foiiiMl 
 tlioro two M.othotlisl ohiiroho^, throo local-proaohoi's. .-.i>: 
 olassdoadors, and o'lo hundi'oil and two nionibors. 'J'ho 
 work', sustainod dnriii'^- a liyinu' [(orifsl fy tho-^o lay 
 laboi'Ci's. has l.oon ooiiiiniiod by ;;n aohrolion su(•oos^•ion 
 of dovotod niinistoi's tVont l^nuland : a laruo numbor of 
 whom have fallon vioiinis lo tho ofiV'ots of a (dimatc so 
 fatal to Enropeai's. Yrt, l;ii;i;'o as is tho ya'i'ouj) of buinic 
 dust,' foi'med by tlio-^o sosis and <!aughtors of lOnii'li-^h 
 Mothodists, wdio Inivofailon in that i>]iysioa!!y fatal ti<-!d, 
 thoi'o are those, who. jn'oniptod by a motive stronu'cr 
 than tliat of lovo of lifo itself, still say, in refoiHin-c 
 to Sierra Leone, ' IFot-o a.m I, sond mo.' The mission has 
 been widol}' oxtcMidod, and >n\\\c o.xteiisive ivliu'oiis 
 I'ovivals have talcon plaoe. The wotk, tindoitakon .-md 
 ohorished Ity Blaok, (va.ri'ottson. ('rumwol!, and (itlu'i-- in 
 Xova Seotia, Las tluis had an influonoe upon tJio evan- 
 gelization of Africa. 
 
 The Conference of 1*702 was jield at "Windsor, on the 
 28fh and 29th ofFol>ruai'y. A doop ivli_i;-iou-- intrrot 
 had for some time pi'ovaiiod in that villnuo, a?id aiiiniiM- 
 tho soldiers iu the <.;'ari'ison at Fort Edward. Tin- '.ailher 
 
 -i i ■!■ 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 '" ? 
 
 ing of the mini.stcrs avu.s Iherefbro anlieipulod with 
 pleasure, and was followed by an effort to t^eeiire the 
 ereetion of a plaeu of worsliip. One hundred and ten 
 pounds wore cheerfully ,subscri])ed for the purpose, and 
 the Irame Vv-as brought from the Avoods previousl}^ to 
 Black's departure from the place. Among the trustees 
 were Edward Church, in whose home at the ' Retreat' 
 farm the weary itinerants often found a resting ])hice ; 
 Henry Scott, at whi^^e residence more than one of the 
 earlier Conferences was held ; and AYilliam Walter 
 Richards, whose house and workshop were used for 
 religious services in winter, for some years after the 
 erect ion of the shel 1 of the lunv church. Walter Rickardt^ 
 had come with the loyalists to Shelburne, whence he had 
 removed to Halifax, and soon after to Windsor. He 
 had !»een brought uj) in tmotiier branch of the Church, 
 but his wife l)e]ongc(i to a family which had been among 
 the tirst in Windsor to a}»pr(»vo of the doctrines ami 
 discipline of Methodism. At the close of the first service 
 held in his house, the preacher, without inquiry, nuide 
 announcement for anothei". Mr. Richards, though by no 
 means pleased, ofi'ered no o])position, and at length ])ro- 
 vided a pulpit for the frequent services which followed. 
 Year- after, when he had become a member and a leader, 
 his wife would pleasantly rally him about the persever- 
 ance of tluit Methodist preacher, whose boldness had 
 long >ince ceased to be objectionable, 
 
 Tlie four nu^nth.-^, following the Conference of 1702 
 were spent by Black in visiting and confirming th*.- 
 churciies under his care. His place at Halifax was sup- 
 plied by Jessop. At Annapolis, he found that imprudent 
 conduct on the part of Cooper, who had been stationed 
 there, liad inflicted a wound, from which the church in 
 that place has never, perhaps, fully recovered. Cooper, 
 
IN TEE LOWER PBOVIKCES. 25r, 
 
 \v 
 
 ■ice 
 
 \u» 
 \)rO' 
 
 ed. 
 id or, 
 cvcv- 
 
 Inid 
 
 1792. 
 
 sup- 
 ludcut 
 
 ioued 
 irch in 
 
 who did not luck talents of an attractive aiirl us(.ful 
 character, hnd hecn populai- at Aiina])(dis. A imiiibei 
 had profcs.se<l conversion under his ministry. During a 
 Hcvcrc illness which had brought him to the verge oC the 
 grave, he had given his fi-iends undoubted evidence of 
 his readiness to depart in the full assurance of faith. 
 His recovery sccmerl to prove tliat life may be more 
 dangerous to the Chi'istian than death. Among tiiose 
 who had connected themselves with the society aL 
 Annapolis, was a half-pay officei', with his wife and 
 daughtoi'. Soon after his recovery. Cooper was mai-ried 
 to the daughter. The strong influence, exerted over 
 him by the family, became evident to his friends, who 
 feared the results. These fears had, unfortunately 
 too much foundation. Through the influence of his, 
 father-indaw, Cooper ceased to pi-each, and even as- 
 sumed an attitude of hostility towards the members of 
 his former flock. His exclusion from the Conference 
 was followed by the withdrawal of the family from the 
 Church. The result was disastrous to all concerned. 
 Two years later, the family resolved to break off. as far 
 as was possible, all connection with the unhap})^- man, 
 whom they had succeeded in leading away from the path 
 of duty. The father, on his way to Halifax, foi- the 
 purpose, it is said.of [)reventing any ])artof his property 
 from falling into the hands of his son-in-law, was seized 
 with sudden illness at Windsor, where he died. A free- 
 stone slab still covers his grave in the old ]tarish church- 
 yard ofthat tow^n, Coopei*, at that time in the United 
 States, returned a few days after the decease of his 
 father-indaw, to find the door of his formei' home closed 
 against him. A young ministei", then in Antiapolis, wrote 
 respecting him, 'Ho associates with the wicked, and 
 seems awfully hardened. His case is truly desperate' 
 
 , 1 
 
 I \ 
 
2oG 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 , )v 
 
 'Ur 
 
 From Annapolis, Bhick crossed to St. Jolin, whero lie 
 remiiiiK'd for some time under more pleasing cireum- 
 stajiees than during his i)i-evious visit. The 23rogress of 
 the woi'k in that town afforded him much pleasure. At 
 Fredoi'icton he found a class of twenty-two, nearly all of 
 whom -were soldiers. During the few days spent by him 
 there, the number increase<l to thirty. At Sheffield, he 
 detected, with sorrow, ' much wildfire and many wrong 
 opinions.' Objection having been made to his u.se of the 
 Congregational church, by some of the leading men con- 
 nected with it, he ju'caclied there but once. Private 
 houses were offered liim, to wliich the young people went 
 in crow<ls to listen to him. The first Methodist class in 
 Sheffield was formed by Black, during this visit. A num- 
 ber of pious (V)ngregationalists and others, who made 
 searching inquiries respecting 3Iethodist doctrines and 
 discipline, and received satisfactory answers from Black, 
 were the first members of the Methodist church 
 iit Sheffield. During this journey, on which he was 
 accompanied by Stephen Humbert, he also formed several 
 othei- classes among the settlers on the St. John river. 
 Black then procee ied to St. Stephen to meet McColl, 
 whom he had not yet seen. The ' s])irituality' of the flock 
 under the care of the lat!er afforded him much gratifica- 
 tion. Accompanied by McColl, he i-eturned to St. J(din, 
 where lioth took part in the closing service of Bishop's 
 ministry in that place. Concerning it, he writes, 'Oh, 
 wh'it a time ! veiy similar to the service on a like occar 
 sion in Newfoundlan<l.' From Ramshog, now Wallace, 
 he visited the different parts of the circuit which Gran- 
 din had travelled during a part of the previous winter. 
 Very precious, to these isolated settlers on the shores of 
 the Straits of Northumberland, had been the sermons and 
 the pastoral visits of that winter, A descendant of one 
 
 i 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 257 
 
 1 
 
 the 
 on- 
 rate 
 rent 
 jsin. 
 iiun- 
 niide 
 , tind 
 lack, 
 urch 
 
 was 
 veral 
 
 iver. 
 
 (N)ll, 
 
 flock 
 
 litica- 
 
 Johu, 
 
 'Ob, 
 occa- 
 Uaco, 
 Graiv 
 riutiT. 
 ves of 
 IS and 
 of one 
 
 of the early Hottlei'H at Malagash n^^ed to tell that wlioii 
 Grandin had reached the home of his ancestoi-, and had 
 ]>ro})Osed to have prayer with the family, one of the sons 
 Avas sent to the hoiiseof a brother, who liad settled a miki 
 
 and a-half nearer the ' Point,' to 
 
 icqnaint him with the 
 messenirer returned 
 
 preacher's ]>iirpose ; and that th 
 almost breathless and with bleeding feet, haA'ing ruii the 
 whole distance around the shore, and waded, on his way 
 to and fro, waist-deep thi-ough a creek. Black used every 
 opportunity to exhoi't those who had believed, ' that with 
 ])iirp()S(.' of heart they should cleave unto the Lord.' On 
 his retui-n to Halifax he found the work undei' Jesso]) 
 prosentii\g a cheering aspect. Some had been converted ; 
 others were inquiring about the way to obtain ])eace. 
 On the 28th of August he wrote, ' The work still s])reads ; 
 more are awakened ; more are converted ; and almost 
 every day new members are added to the Society. Last 
 night I was called up at twelve o'clock, to praise God for 
 the deliverance of one who had been ten days under 
 deep conviction.' 
 
 Prosperity had continued to attend the laboi's of 
 Bishop at St. John. This devoted minister had diligently 
 pursued his work of preaching, and of visiting the mem- 
 l)ers of the society, and any others in whom his keen eye 
 could detect any sign of spiritual interest. His ap- 
 pearance was attractive ; his bearing always thai 
 of a Chistian and a gentleman ; a ' sAveet serenity' 
 adorned a countenance on which a smile was seldom 
 seen, but every feature of which imlicated a mind 
 influenced by purposes of a noble order. AYith such 
 qualities ho soon won the respect and love of all who 
 knew him. His spirit glowed with holy zeal. No victor 
 gloried more In trophies won by his sword than did 
 Bishop over those in whom he saw the happy results of 
 
 i;. 
 
 :l:li 
 
w^v^vpqns 
 
 W 
 
 \ \ \ 
 
 
 ;1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 1. 
 
 ■ ■ 
 
 
 25 S 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 the travail of his Redeemer's soul. So inv from confin- 
 ing himself to ti single sei'viee on the Stibbiith, as the 
 mitvor had suggested, house-to-house prayer-meetings, led 
 bv himself wlienever possible, in dwellings crowded to 
 the very .street, bore witness to the untiring zeal of the 
 minister, and the unflagging interest of his congregation, 
 ' I ought,' he wrote to a friend, ' to love much, for much 
 has been done foi- me.' While, however, he seemed om- 
 nipresent in work, he struggled hai'd with weakness. 
 In A[»i'il, 1702, he wrote, ' I need liclp, for my body is 
 veiv weak, and the work is great, l)0th liere and uj) the 
 river. I hope the Conference will send us hel|) ; men 
 nllerl with I'aith and the fruit thereof.' Six weeks later, 
 he left St. John, to devote a few months to other ])arts of 
 the provincial field. On the evening of May l(jth, 1792, 
 he preached liis last sermon in the city. Black was there, 
 an'l McColl also. Their labor, in addition to his, had 
 kindleil the zetd of the society into a hallowed flame. 
 The counsels addressed by the Apostle to his friends 
 at Corinth ; ' Finally, brethren, farewell. Be perfect, 
 be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace; and 
 the God of love and peace shall be with you,' ^ furnished 
 the preacher with a theme for his farewell address. At 
 the close of Bishop's sermon, Black spoke tipoii the 
 Lord's Supper, and upon the circumstances under which 
 they were then to celebrate it, and jn'oceeded to the ad- 
 ministration of the ordinance. McColl then gave an 
 address. Singing, prayer, and exhortation followed the 
 communion service; and when the midnight hour drew 
 near, the congregation dispersed. On the following 
 morning, all the members of the society, and many others, 
 bade him farewell, as he went on board the vessel winch 
 was to bear him away from their sight. 
 
 1 2 Cor. 13, 11. 
 
ly THE LOWER PROVIJWES. 2,-) 'J 
 
 t. 
 
 IS 
 
 the 
 
 ilCU 
 
 tor, 
 sot* 
 TD2, 
 icre, 
 had 
 line, 
 ends 
 tbe-t, 
 and 
 rhcd 
 At 
 the 
 ,-l\icli 
 e ad- 
 c an 
 (1 the 
 drew 
 
 wing 
 hers, 
 .vliich 
 
 Tlie montli'^ ^vl)ic•h ehipsed before Eisho]t"s dej^artui'c 
 m Oetohei' foi' tlie (^ienei'ul Cunterenee at Baltimore, 
 were s])ent eliiefl}' in Cinnberhmd. The work tliei'e had 
 tor so!ne time l)eeii <lec!iiiiiig, but tlie convci'sion ol' sev- 
 eral ])ersons, uixler the ministi'v of Jolin Blaek, during- 
 the wiiitei' of 171U, liad given promise of brighter days. 
 The earnest ministrations and pastoral visits of liishop, 
 during the succeeding summer, gave the work in that 
 circuit a >till l»right<.'r n.specl. In Septemlier he left 
 Cumberland to seek a jiassage to Baltimoi"e, Dr. fok'e 
 iiad \\'ritleii to him, asking him t(^ remove to the island 
 of ( ii'eiiada, where his Ic.iowlege of the Freneh language 
 would eiuible him to jireaeh the Gospel to the negrot's, 
 few of whom could understand Knu'lish. 
 
 Bisl 
 
 lOl) 
 
 thought it lii.^ duty to coin})ly with the Doctor's request ; 
 but his fri(Uids, who knew that the weakness of Ins con- 
 stitution unfitted him for labor in the relaxing climate 
 of theAYest Tndies.were exti'emel}' unwilling to allow him 
 to ])roceed to a mission, in which they foresaw that fiis 
 davs would be few. While lie awaited, at Shelburne. the 
 departure of the ves.sel in which lie had taken ])assage 
 for the United States, they consulted an experienced 
 ])hysician, who told them that, in the event of his remov- 
 al to the West Indies, ' he v/ould soon follow Mr. Wray.' 
 Robert Eariy spent a part of the night, jireceding the 
 sailing of the vessel, in v\-ri!ing to Dr. Coke, to pi-event 
 him. if possible, from • risking a life so valuable in that 
 unhealthv climate.' Tlie efforts of liis friends, however 
 ])roved useless ; and he went to Grenada, In Januaiy 
 ITJKi, Dr, Coke introduced him to the little society there 
 and <m tlio loth of June, in the same year, lie died of 
 yellow fever, after having ci'owded into a few months 
 labors productive of rai-e spiritual results. 'I have 
 Khewn von how to live. I will now show vou how to die. 
 
Mi 
 
 1 ■• 
 
 
 2fJ0 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 he IukI .said in tho course of a sci'inoii prcaeliod on tin- 
 SablKith of his last week on earth. The words, unititen- 
 Lionally ])ro|)hctic, thus received an unex[)ected fullil- 
 nient. Ilis brethren say of him in the Minutes of 1794. 
 ' lie was one of the holiest youn<^ men on earth, lie lived 
 continually within the veil, and his soul uninterruptedly 
 burned for the salvation of souls, lie was instant in 
 season and out of season ; a useful ])rcacher all the da}' 
 long, without the least breach of modesty and decorum. 
 
 Duncan McColl, after Bishop's departure from St, 
 John, proceeded up the river. At Fredericton he tbund a 
 society of thirteen members, which increased, during his 
 stay, to thirty-three. On his way down the river, he form- 
 ed two other societies, one of tifty-four, and the other ot 
 fourteen members. Upon his arrival at St. John, he found 
 the work in a prosperous state under the care of A\'illianr 
 Cirandin. To ])ermit Grandin to accomplish a long- 
 clierished purpose to visit Prince Edward Island, he 
 remained in the city seven weeks. Upon his return to 
 St. Stephen, he found a letter from Black, who was 
 about to pr iceed to the General Conference at Baltimore, 
 placing the work in the city, and along the river St. 
 •John, under his care ; but upon his arrival in the city, he 
 found James Mann settled there for the winter. He 
 theicforc proceeded up the river, to Long Island, where 
 he found that ' Antinomianism ' had made sad havoc 
 with the societies formed by himself in the spring. He 
 remained among them three weeks, and then left them 
 in a ' deplorable state.' 
 
 At Maugerville, near ShetReld, McColl had an 
 encounter with a party of enthusiasts, whose conduct is 
 still a matter of tradition among the elder residents of 
 that part of New Brunswick. 'During the winter of 
 nOl,' says' McColl, ' while brother Bishop was preach 
 
IN THE LOWER PBOVIM'ES. 
 
 2(;i 
 
 lore, 
 
 St. 
 ,ho 
 
 He 
 here 
 livof 
 
 He 
 |hen\ 
 
 an 
 let is 
 of 
 of 
 
 bac 
 
 h- 
 
 ing on tlio oast and west sides of tlic river St. Jolin, n 
 ]>reeioiis work brolce out aTnoiii? tlio people. But these 
 were a people who })rr)f('ssed to ])e awakened to a trin- 
 sense of religion, under tlie ministry of Mr. Henry 
 Alline, a numhei" of years past. Sonic of them were well 
 informed; their morals also were good. They were 
 highly esteemed by other Christians. The generality of 
 them fell in with Mr. Bishop and the work, and jtroved 
 taithful. But unhap])ily, live and twenty of them fell 
 under the influenee of pride, and began to pi-eteiid to 
 ])re-eminonce in the Spirit's power and ex])erienee. 
 They separated from the rest, and became extravagant 
 indeed. The\' soon undertook to ])ro])hesy, and to speak 
 M'ith new tongues, and to work miracles. They called 
 nniititudes together, to hear their new language, and to 
 witness the miracles about to bo performed by two of 
 their number. By the time I got up they were fully 
 engaged. They sometimes broke into other public 
 meetings, and scattered the congregations. I had several 
 times conversed with the ringleader of them, but they 
 always kept within bounds while with me. This ratliei- 
 sur})rised many, for I always spoke ])1ainly to them. 
 However, an old gentleman who was the father and 
 grandfather of a number of them, being a Presbyterian, 
 .and a steady, good man, opposed them much, and sent 
 word to me tliat, as he was old and unable to attend 
 public worship, lie wished me to preach an evening 
 sermon at his house, where a good congregation couM 
 be accommodated. I appointed a meeting there on 
 Sunday evening, antl found four rooms well tilled ; and 
 among others, Mr. and Mrs. B., the latter of whom was 
 the old gentleman's daughtei', together with moi-e of the 
 ])arty. So soon as I finished my sermon, Mj's. P.. who 
 was a very stout woman, ai'ose and took me by the 
 
 :if' 
 
 n 
 

 ri 
 
 11 
 
 Il 
 
 ■ 
 
 H 1 
 
 Hi 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 ■M j 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 ~v 
 
 2(y2 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 I'olhu", sayiiiii;, 'Where hast thou ^u'leiim;d to-ihiy?" 
 wSho la']>t knocking with her list upon my ln'cast, aii'l 
 ivjH'alijig, 'Where hasl thou gleaned to-cUiy ?' and a 
 ninnher <)fsucdi questions. I s])oke a little to hei' and 
 \\v.v Jjarty. i'ov some othei's began to act in a siniilai 
 niannci". I ()l)sei'vod some lialf-]Kiy officei's of my 
 ac(]uaintanc'e, \vho saw \Ndia( was going on, get together, 
 and commence ])ushing through the crowd towa.i'ds 
 me: they aj)peared much otlbuded, and were ahont lo 
 itsi- I'ough means against these uidiai)[n' people, 1 turned 
 to them, and said, 'Captain JJ., if'j'ou have anj' r«.>})cct 
 f'oi- religion, for me, or for the congregation, come no 
 further, I shall not sutler any harm ly these p(x)ple 
 Let me talk to them, and 1 will dismiss tlic meeting as 
 usual,' The officers took my ailvice, and the othei's 
 sat down. They found, after a wliile, that the}' were 
 h'ft alone, Thev went ori from had to worse, until tlie 
 authorities took them up, and put \\\o of the leadei-s in 
 prison, whci'e they wci'e kept for several months. They 
 then denied the truth of all religion, arid l»ecame a very 
 gay and dress}' people. Severrd years after this, as T 
 was dt)wn at the ShefTield meetingdionse, 1 saw a crowd 
 of them coming to hear me in the afternoon, and thai 
 was the last I saw of them, for they soon dispersed, sold 
 their good farms, and moved up the river. This delusioi! 
 had a bad effect, foi- although the ])0O])le left them t(^ 
 themselves, they took up the thoughts and ccmversation 
 so as to divert the minds of othei's from better em])lo3"- 
 ment. I have onl}' touched on theii- conduct. Were 1 
 to give a full history of their exti-avaganees, I would 
 astonish my I'eadei's. These were not tlie poor, or the 
 uninformed, but people in good standing in the Avorld 
 And some before this were considei-ed to l)e sincere 
 Christians.' If tradition may be depended upon, McCol'. 
 
IN TJIE LOWER PJiOVINCES. 2fi;; 
 
 has indeed, touched li^'htly upon tlio ' extra va2:anc'es ' 
 ol'lliis dehided poo]ilo. Son)!', il is said, went crawHtiij 
 altout like wild beasts ; aiid souie rode ahont on tlic 
 baeks of others, ' And the (U'vil rod(^ iis both,' said ouv 
 of tlie ])ai'ties eoiicerncd. some years after, in reply to an 
 UTiwelcomo allusion to some of the disijraeeful scenes of 
 that ))orlod. 
 
 MeColl remained at Sheffield. durinLC the latter )iart 
 of the winter, and eolleeted a class of (wentv six nH-m- 
 bcrs. In the spi'ing of 1^03 he left the work on the river 
 in elKii'u;c of Gi-andin. and went to the city, where James 
 Maim only awaited his arrival to proceed to Nova Scotia. 
 At St. John, where he found some ' uneasiness' in tlu' 
 society, he remained a few weeks, iv.n] then !'elui-n(Ml lo 
 his head-quarters at St. Stejihen. lie there leai'ued 
 with pleasure that the members of his flock, in llie 
 absence of their pastor, had reij^uh "ly U' >t for their 
 mutual edilieation. For some time, he continued to 
 travel between St. Stephen ami St. John, watchin;;" over 
 the work in both circuits as far as possible, and I'cceivinu- 
 some assistance from Stephen Humbert, and from one or 
 two exhorters, who had been raised up under the minis- 
 try of Bishoj). 
 
 In ti-avcUing throui;'h that sectio-n of tlie Wallace 
 circuit which is situated on the sea-coast, a loni;-, low 
 line in the distance, is pointed out to the stran<i;or as 
 Prince Edward Island. The ice of winter i-enders the 
 Straits of aSTorthumbcrland, which lie between that island. 
 and the harbors on the eastern coast of Nova Scotia and 
 New Brunswick, impassable by the ordinaiy modes of 
 communication, (rrandin, wldlo at "Wallace, in the win- 
 ter of 1791-2, had desired to extend his mission across 
 the Straits, but had been hindered by the icy bai'i-ier. 
 Still possessed by the wish to preach the Gospel there. 
 
 — ■• t 
 
■■■ 
 
 2C4 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 he iivaili'd irniisolfof tho ]>rc,sonC'e of McColl in St. John, 
 ill Ihr sj)i'iiig of n!'2, to visit tho ishmd. The results of 
 the few weeks, spent thei-e by (rrandin, ai'(! woi'l hy of 
 rceoi'd. At Tryon, where he ]>reiiehed tiie hu'i^est niim- 
 her of sermons, an extensive revival took ])hiee. After 
 his dei»ai'tiire, thi^ work continued, until nearly all the 
 Protestants in the villa_<:;e, and somoof the Roman Catho- 
 lics, were awalcened. As usual, an 'Antinomian" ])rea- 
 eher followed in the wakeof (irandin, and di'ew a number 
 of tlu! converts away. From tlic Island, (Irandin re- 
 turned to St. Jolin, whei-e, beloved ])y the society and 
 conf:;re,<i;ation, the numbers of both suffei-ed no diminu- 
 tion under his care. 
 
 During the revival under (Jrandin's ministiy at Tryon, 
 Nathanael Wright and his wife, tho first of a worthy 
 succession of that name among the Metliodists of Prince 
 Edward Island, l.)ecame conscious of their need of salva- 
 tion. A few months later, Wi'ight was enabled to rejoice 
 in the forgiveness of sins. A part of his house, left 
 Avithout partition-walls for the use of dancing parties, was 
 at once devoted to religious ])urposcs. To many, who 
 listened to the occasional sermons preached, or attended 
 the prayer-meetings, held in that ]-oom, it became a place 
 of hallowed religious joy. An incident, illustrative of tho 
 inHuence of Nathanael Wright's early religious life, lias 
 been recorded. Prejudice, ever quick to discover imjtroper 
 motivcis for the ])erformance of worth}^ deeds, UhI those 
 who had refused to yield to the influences whicli liad 
 produced a reformation in the lives of others, to maintain 
 that their neighl)ors who had pi'ofessed conversion were 
 mere!}' ' whitewaslied,' wiiile in heart as wicked as ever. 
 A young Roman Catholic, who officiated amojig his 
 neighbors as a sort of priest, was attending some snares, 
 in the neighborhood of the lot where Mr. Wright was 
 
L\ THE LOWER riiOVIXCES. 
 
 20") 
 
 )hic'e 
 >f ihe 
 luis 
 roper 
 those 
 had 
 iniain 
 were 
 ever. 
 <•• hi^* 
 nares, 
 was 
 
 cutting; fiivwooil, wlieii he lieai^l a • loiul inui-innr.' Sup- 
 posing;- Mr. \Vri;j;hl to Iw ciirsinn' liis eatth'. \\>- oiiit'tly 
 ap])ii»;ichi'tl llio spol whi-iice (he " iiiiii'iiiiir" jii'MrnU-cl. 
 expect iiii;'. with a eci'tain (h\nTet' of iinha|tjiy cxiiliatioii, 
 to hi'uliU- tVoiii personal knowledi^e toeontirm tlir i» ]iorts 
 which |irejiuliec had put in eireulatioii ; hul. t<» hi> ;^reat 
 sui'pi'i^c, he t'dund ili^ nei^'lihor kneeliuji; «»ii the >no\v, 
 and c n;j;-a_i;ed in eai'ne>t ju'ayer. At tlial iiitinoni. tin- 
 vouiiu' man's iti'eiudices received u shock from Adiich tliev 
 
 never I'ecovered. lie comnienccd to I'ead llic ."^ci-iptures, 
 and the liglit of llie Jloly S|jiril (k'scended iiii-* hi-> mind. 
 At kMii^lh. while rt;ading the form of ])i'aycr n-td in 
 Itoman Catliolic sei'vices, he was so ]iowei"ini\' ali'-ctcd 
 that the hook I'ell iVoni his liands ; he made hl> convic- 
 tions known to the con_i;-re«i;ation ; and declared to them 
 that while lie still loved and ivs])eeted them a-- nei^dd^ors, 
 he could no longer he a Jioman Catholie. Pei'].lcxe<l hy 
 the divisions of Protestantism, as many men haw heeri 
 througli early training in a faith which loses >ight <ff the 
 exi.stenco of unity in diversity in religious opinion, 
 
 and 
 
 -t rives 
 
 to cramj) all thought int 
 
 o one ]»resci 
 
 bed mould, he did not connect himself with any hraiu-h 
 of the Church for some vears. After tlie hirtli oi' iii» tii-st 
 child, he ^vas so fully persuaded that the hahe would 
 grow u}) to be a good man, that he retired, and cMicred 
 into a solemn covenant with the Lord, to attach himself 
 to that branch of the Church wdnch his soji >hould 
 choose. The son at the age of sixteen joined tlie Mt-tho- 
 dist Church, and George Muttart paid lli^ row ic the 
 Most High bv following his child's exami)le. Affer veai-s 
 of communion with Christian friends, he died in the Lord. 
 Xathanael Wright was a loyalist; one of that large num- 
 ber wlio met in Shelburne, only to be scattered more 
 widcl}' than before. From Bedecpie, lo which place he 
 
 ■d^ 
 
 !"■! 
 
 '■I 
 
li 
 
 2Gn 
 
 inSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 r('TK)V('<l snon aflor 
 
 \w> 
 
 (•oiivor>ioii. 
 
 he 
 
 im- 
 
 St'( 
 
 1 1. 
 
 ni 
 
 cU';".!;i! Iioino in 1S25. lonviiiLi' to his famih' aiiil lo tlio 
 
 Ohu!-;'h t]ic v:i!;i:i1>ie h 
 Cliri-I ian charjicter. 
 
 acv 
 
 () 
 
 f a. 
 
 no 
 
 llKl iinsiK) 
 
 )ttc<l 
 
 T.( 
 
 i!'an;lin, as an au'ont 
 
 l)el<)n,'j:s also tlio lionoroi liav- 
 
 inij; •.•-lablished Melliodisin among the ncgloctiHl lligii- 
 lan<l -ettloi'.s of thciipjtcr Xaslnvaak, previously visited 
 l>v In.-hov). Earlv in the wintoi- of 1702. (Jrar.din, ae- 
 conutaniod In' T)i);^.can Bhdr, ei-osscil the Si. John, and 
 
 net oiit on foot. 
 
 'th 
 
 woi's 
 
 t of 
 
 the bad road^ 
 
 11 
 
 I'.'ii I 
 
 1! the ])n)vin( 
 
 (o lind tiioso settlers f)r whose 
 
 sonl-- no nian eared. Theprcaehei*'s message was thonght- 
 
 fnl 
 
 T('ct'ive!i. 
 
 Tl 
 
 las eiR'Oura2"c(i 
 
 lie 
 
 repeated his 
 
 wcai-v wa 
 
 Ik. I 
 
 n 
 
 di 
 
 oi 
 
 '( 
 
 :ime 
 
 tl 
 
 le results o 
 
 f 1 
 
 were seen in tlic a;;])a;'ea1 crtiiversir)!! of not 1 
 
 lis e 
 
 ess 
 
 ffort^ 
 th 
 
 in 
 
 i^ixt\' iiei'son? 
 
 of 
 
 R 
 
 uece, 
 
 po marlced, av.'akencd tlie spirit 
 
 K'l- 
 
 edition in the lieart of one fi'om whom it should 
 h.nvc f'alled foi'll; utterances of thaid-csgiving. The \\\\{>- 
 eo|)al minister at l-'rederieton sought to elose Grandin's 
 !ip< Ity the aiil of law. 
 
 31 '/('.'oil, ilicn in Sheffield, received two letters at 
 
 the 
 
 close o 
 
 f a Sabbath niornin 
 
 -erviee. 
 
 The first 
 
 wa> from (irar.dii 
 
 Tai 
 
 n complamc 
 
 3d oi: 
 
 ho Aviote. ' a 
 
 nd 
 
 must be silent till the sitting of tlie Su})ren'ie Court 
 at rrc'lericlon, for jM-eaeliing, as it is alleged, eonli-ary 
 to law.' The second was fi-om Eai-ley, at Sussex Yale, 
 
 II 
 
 e re 
 
 lorted himself to h 
 
 in d; 
 
 m.':'e 
 
 r of his life for 
 
 preacliingat tlie Pleasant Valley.' ' I saved my.-elf,' he 
 isaid. ' by liiding among the liorned eattle in the stable/ 
 The friend, who put tliese lettei's into MeCoIl's hand, 
 suggestively, added ; 'They have taken Peter, and they 
 arc after Paul.' Convinced that no time should Ije lost, 
 Mei 'nd resolved to aet boldly, and at once. On the Mon- 
 day mourning he j)rocured a hor.so, and rode to Frederic- 
 
7A' THE LOWER FEOVJKCES. 
 
 2( 
 
 >i 
 
 ton, wIr'IV ho fbuuJ (Irandin audi: 
 
 heavN'-hoartod 
 
 onoui;'h/ ' You look iiloasaiillv,' tlioy said in aii-wor to 
 
 his c'liooi 
 
 ful 
 
 ,'rccliiiu~ 
 
 ml \'(>u w 
 
 liter vour 
 
 ook 
 
 Iteforo long,' Though gentle as a nui'>e among iii> 
 s])intual children, MeColl wtis not to he rohhed of ; 
 
 qui 
 
 1 
 
 )rivile<j:e 
 
 bel 
 
 ongiuii' to a l).ans!i siutiecl. 
 
 out the utterance of a vin-orou^ 
 
 )ro 
 
 test. Blair 
 
 aJ his 
 
 request went with him, and introduced him to (loverno?- 
 
 C.'arl 
 
 arlelon, an 
 
 I tlio S( 
 
 Odoll. Ir. th( 
 
 f 
 
 10 Secretary, iMoll. M; tUe course o 
 conversation, ^Mcr'oll com[)laintMl of the roug-h u^ago 
 offered to the T^Iethodisis in Xew Biamswick'. Tlie Gov- 
 ernor and the Secretary replied that the law wa-^ against 
 them, Ijecauso they had noi ]\vvv. licensed by the (lov- 
 ernor, and had not taken the u^u;d oath-^. The jn-' ice 
 of the hitter charge. McCol! admitted, vsdiile he caUed iri 
 question that of the former, as in his o]»inion. a call 
 from a body of subjects, and a license tVom the Mct'io- 
 dist Connexion, rendered a license from the (Jovei-nor 
 unnecessary. lEis r]xccllcncy listcn>M| to McCoH's f>pin- 
 ion, and then requested his presence at a meeting r>f the 
 Council, to be held three woi'ks later. In answei- 
 to a question from the latter, respcK-tinu" the cotirse 
 to ho |)ursuod by hii ;stlf and his brethren during 
 the interiui, the Govei-noi' r(q)lied; 'Do as y(^u have 
 done, — yon have my lull lil)erty.' McCoU then with- 
 drew, quite satisfied with his reception. Prevented by a 
 severe storm from attending the moetingof the Council, 
 he called on the following day upon the Governor, wh.o 
 informed him that the members of the Council were una- 
 nimouH in their o])ijnou that no license was rc(|iiisite ; 
 that ho had requested the Speaker of the IIou- to ex- 
 plain the law to him; and that Ih.e Seci'ctary would ad- 
 minister the ustui! oallis to him>e!f and his friends, at 
 his office, McColl thanked the Goverr.or, and ncvci' 
 
lii 
 
 268 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ceased to rc<ji;ard him as ' a sincere friend.' The other 
 oi!icia]s also treated him with marked courtesy. Gran- 
 din's case was thrown oiitol' court ; and tlie clergyman 
 who pi'(>fei'i'ed the charge against him was soon after 
 silence(l l)y the I'ishop, for immoi-al conchict. 'After 
 this,' , -ays ^rcColl, ' wo met witli no other insult llian 
 8ome stones tl rown at our phu'cs of worshij).' 
 
 The statement of Earley res])ecting his dangerous 
 situation at Sussex Vale, was unhappily, too true. That 
 young minister, who had arrived in St. Jolm, in Jane 
 1792, in search of a pa-sage to the United States, having 
 failed to tiiid a vessel hound to New York, had. at the 
 .solicitation of fi'iends, undertaken to visit some of the 
 societies near tlie capital. The greater part of the 
 distance was travelled hy him on foot, accompanied for 
 a ])ai*t of the way by Ste]ihen Humbert. After spending 
 a few days in the neighl)orhood of the l)lock-house on 
 the Oi'omocto, and preaching there, he reached Freder- 
 icton. where he found a home with Duncan Blair. A 
 pleasant Saturday evening was spent in conversation and 
 prayer with sevei'al Christian soldiers, belonging to the 
 two regiments then stationcil in the town. On the fol- 
 lowing day his congregations consisted, with a few ex- 
 ceptions, of soldiers and colored people. In the autumn 
 he rctniMied to St. John. During a pleasant visit of 
 several weeks, a few were added to the little church in 
 the city. Eai-ly in the winter, he loft that place to pro- 
 ceed some distance uj) the Kennebeccasis river. During 
 the siM'ond day of his journey he lost his way in the 
 woods, and wandered about till the crust which had 
 fornu'd on the snow cut away his shoes and stockings, 
 and caused his feet to bleed freely. After having walk- 
 ed in that state for seven or eight miles, he j'eached 
 a house, whore ho was glad to lie down ujion theheai'th. 
 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 2G!> 
 
 with his luuKlkcrchief (jf clollics fbi' ti i»illo\v, ami li'd 
 
 SU(. 
 
 h:it 
 
 llllC 
 
 the 
 the 
 the 
 fol- 
 ding 
 riO on 
 lev- 
 A 
 and 
 the 
 > tbl- 
 ex- 
 iimn 
 it of 
 h iti 
 pro 
 iring 
 1 the 
 hud 
 unji's, 
 valk- 
 iched 
 arth, 
 
 I' 
 
 h sleep as his mangled i'ect \V(iiiUl permit. 'V\\v next 
 
 day he readied his destination, forty or lil'ty mile^ np 
 the river, where he ))ieaehed and visited tiie ]>eopIe. 
 More houses were <jlfered for pi-eaching-plaees llian he 
 could oecu])y. though he preaclied eaeh day ; and a class 
 of ninememhers was formed, to which others were added 
 hcfore his departure. After lie had fully recovered from 
 
 the etfects of h 
 
 )th« 
 
 lie ertects ot lus journey, he went to anoiner neignnor- 
 hood, eight or nine miles down ihe river. The r(^■^iden^ 
 magistrate resolved to prevent him from preaehing, and 
 sent a constable, who arrived during the service, pushed 
 throug'i the congregation, and seizing him hy the shoul- 
 der, dragged him out of the house. The constable then 
 read the warrant, nnd aeeompanied by several othei'S, 
 led him ak)ng to the residence of the magistrate. On 
 the way thither Home threatened to drown him, and others 
 with oaths declai-ed that they would kill him in the 
 woods. After some conversation with him, and the ex- 
 amination of several witnesses, the magistrate informed 
 him that lie would impose ;i heavy tine. Karhy then 
 drew frimi his pocket a license given him hy tlie Gover- 
 nor, permitting him to preacli in any part <;f the lu-i*- 
 vince, so long as his conduet should be in accordance 
 with the character of the ministry. The magistiate, 
 quite confounded by the production of the license, sought 
 to effect a compromise l)y an otfer to ovei'look the })ast, 
 if the preacher would promise to leave the settlement; 
 but his offer was rejected. On tlic following Salibath a 
 large number met- for })ublic worship. A Jiaptist 
 preacher was invitcnl to eondind the service, by Ivirley, 
 who had not intended to preach. On the refusal of 
 the former, Earley, who was unwilling on the one 
 hand to dismiss the conu'reu'ation, or on the other, to 
 
270 
 
 mSTORY OF METITOBISM 
 
 assume an appcuraiicc of hostility to tlie magisti-iito, 
 ,L;'ave'- an aildrcss without using a hook, oi- (juoting a text, 
 Three jn'ivsons arc said to liave hceii coiivorteil through 
 aticiKhuicc at that service. On ihc following Tuesday, 
 the magistrate, who had heeri falsely informed that 
 Earley had expressed a determination - to prcacli in spite 
 of him, (.-.r any other man, or law, in the province.' issu- 
 ed another warr;;.:it, and sent the constal'le to apj)relK'ud 
 him. Informed of the magistrate's intention, Ktirley 
 went to the house of a Iriend, who concealed him in his 
 ceilai-, where, witli a candle and a hook', he remained 
 IVom eight in the morning until sunset. At'ler watching 
 for sevei"d days in vain, the constable with a party of 
 seven, visited the house where Earley generally lodged, 
 and near miilnight demanded admission. Some demur 
 having been made, the door was broken open, the owner 
 ol' the dwelling knocked down, and the h<.)use searched 
 fj'om garret to cellar. The next house was broken open 
 and searched in the same way. Earley who slept in the 
 adjoining dwelling, was awakened by a lad who had been 
 disturbed by the party, and advised to make his escape 
 into the vr(joils. Partially clad, he ran U) an old bai'n at 
 some distance from the house, and cre])t in among the 
 cattle, and then into the hay, where he reinained until 
 the moi-ning, nearly perished with the cold. After his 
 return to the hou^e, a friend or two came in, and a little 
 meeting was held. Several such services were afterwards 
 held, at hours when they were not likely to be disturbed. 
 Another attempt to seize Earley was also foiled by his 
 concealment in the cellars of his friends. About the 
 iniddle of Jamiary, 1703, he bade farewell to 'the tew 
 friends of Jesus.' in Pleasant Valley, and set out for the 
 Cumbei'land circuit. After resting for a day or two at 
 Squire Black's, at Dorchester, he moved on to Sack- 
 
I2s THE LOWEIi EIlOVIiXCES. 
 
 -71 
 
 Ml 
 
 lie 
 
 >cn 
 
 11 pc 
 u at 
 
 ll 
 
 In 
 
 10 
 
 III 
 
 Ittle 
 
 111 
 
 ■ds 
 
 i)eQ. 
 hiss 
 the 
 tew 
 the 
 at. 
 
 icK- 
 
 vilU 
 
 I met,' 1 
 
 10 savs 
 
 ^s 
 
 ll .soiu; 
 
 (tear 
 
 :« lOi 
 
 I 
 
 old friends here, nvIio wore slill soeJdiiir I'oi- ihi 
 iiiiiid that Avas in Chi'ist. Thev seonied like lailicr 
 to 1110, and my soul gathoi-ed stron!_;'th ainoiin- ihfiu. 
 
 Afn 
 
 haviDi 
 
 lent 
 
 1 
 
 ai't ()[' the I 
 
 111)11 
 
 ll ..I' A 
 
 at 
 
 St. John, he sailed on the 1st of May t'm- Isow Yo; ^•,. .\ 
 sad illustration of the wretclicl ju'ovi-ion made I'M' tlu 
 
 uipi 
 
 oi't of the itinerants of t-'iat da' 
 
 lound ill t 
 
 U' I 
 
 aet 
 
 jiei .s 
 
 that the son of an Aniorican ^letliodist. in wlio^e fal 
 hou^e there was pknity, was oblii;vd, at the tei-ini'Kilioii 
 of his two year's nii.->siou i)i XovaSroiia and Xew ihiins- 
 Avick'. to sell his saddledxm,'>< and a ]);iir of slioos, to Make 
 lip his ]>asNage-nioiiey. After hi>iv;a;n to the I'liiled 
 8tate.•^, he travelled in a nuinbei- oi'cireiiits in Deh'.wnre, 
 Pennsylvania and 3J.aryland. In 1821, unable : iiy ioiiu'er 
 to lahor, he becaine superannuated. .Severe alllicilon 
 marked the elose of his life. A few months afiei- las 
 retirement, at Newark, J)cl., he ' met death trium}i!iant- 
 iy, inthefull assuranee of faith.' 
 
 Blaek, having been re([Uested by Dr. Coke to moet 
 him at the General (Jonferenee at Baltimore, sai!<' i for 
 Philadelphia, in October, lTi>-. ili^ pn?'pose wa- to 
 obtain additional laborers for tlie ])rovinciai work. 
 Greater success than he dared to expect atteiidil his 
 ottbi'ts. In addition to James Mann, who had retui'iied 
 in the autumn, after one year's ministi-y in Xew ^ ork, 
 came Isaac Lunsford, a judicious minisier, of tdiii- y.ar.s 
 experience in the itinerancy; Benjaniiii WiUon, oi \ir- 
 ginia, who had entered the mini-ti-y in IT'JO; ami l);iniel 
 Fidler, a young man. who at the age of sixteen had i< iufd 
 the Methodists, at the age ol' oighteen had euterr 1 the 
 ministry, and during the three ami a half years which 
 preceded his appointment to Xova Scotia, ha^l I i-a veiled 
 ' circuits which extended throUiih the western sections 
 
•>-o 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ot VirL'ini.'i and Pontisylvaiiia into Ohio, a region which 
 then lay on the wcstorn tVonLiei'()t' the Unilotl Stales.' 
 The«e weiionio helpers ulonee ]trepare(l lor their jour- 
 ney, and reached Nova Scotia in Decernljer. Ijnn>lbnl 
 rernaii!-d at Shelburne duriiiLC the winter, while AVilson 
 procc't-df i. it is ])robable. to Annapolis, and Fidler lo 
 LiverjfOij!. 
 
 Cok<^' had a dilferent object in view when he liad 
 ivqtiotod Black to meet him at Baltimoi'e. lie ha<l 
 aiTan_.vd that Black should assume the charii;e of a part 
 of th'.' \v<>i'k in the West Indies; and in his room had 
 ap]>fjinted John IIarj)er, who had labored some years in 
 tho>e islands, as presidinu" elder for Xova Scotia, New 
 ljrunswi«:k. and Newfoundland. In order to ascei'tain 
 the character of the (dimate, Black sailed from New 
 York, in Decembei-, with Dr. Coke and Abraham Bishop, 
 and atteTided the ' West India Conference,' held in 
 Antitrua. in February, 1703. At that Conference the 
 VVe.-it Indian missions were divided into two districts ; 
 and it was arranged that the j)residing officer in each 
 should lie known as the ' presiding elder.' John Baxter^ 
 was ch'>:ien as the official head of the Anti:.:niii District ; 
 and William Black, wdiu had yielded to thir solicitations 
 of Dr. Cuke respecting removal, was elected jiresiding 
 elder of the St. Kitts District, which included St. Kitt.s, 
 Nevis. 31 -liiserrat, St. Kustatius, Anguilla, Tortola, and 
 all the o.ir'-M* Virgin Islands, including the Danish and 
 Swe<li-h i^iandn. Blacks official relation to ihe w^ork 
 ill N'tva Scotia was thus virtually disHolved, At thr 
 close "f ihe Conference he saile<l for the ])rovinces, tc> 
 make arrangements tor the I'emoval of his family to St. 
 Kitt-. 
 
 On his arrival at Liver|>ool in April, Black found the 
 work in that place prospering under the care of Fidler. 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVrSCES. 'I'W 
 
 tts, 
 Imd 
 Lntl 
 lork 
 
 St. 
 Ller. 
 
 In ]\I;ii'cli, the Xowiiii'ht cuiii''i'o<j:ati()n, over ^vllicll Ihc 
 lit'V. Jolin Payzant had just bocji settlotl, toolc 
 possession of the Con,u,Tegational nieetin<j:-house, and 
 the ]\Iethodists, -who by mutual arrani^'ement vacated 
 
 f 
 
 ion o 
 
 it, took immediate steps towards the erect 
 a church of their own. Several of the leadiui^ Coii- 
 i;'regationalists, who, after repeated attempts to obtain 
 a pastor, had abandoned all etfoi't in that direction, 
 irave the whole weiu'hl of their influence to the 
 
 Methodists, and rendered them valuable assistance 
 
 l^la 
 
 I • K . 
 
 always popular at Liverpool, enleri'd heartily into the 
 scheme for the erection of the church, and in the course 
 of a ffw days obtained, in cash and subscriptions, the snni' 
 
 of thi-ee hundred 
 
 )OU 
 
 nds. AVilliam Smith, a staunch 
 
 JMetho'iist, in whose hou-c JJlack had held some of his 
 Hrst sei'vice.sat Livei-[)ool. and Barllett Bradt<M'd, and John 
 Kirk, who had removed from Shelburne. were appointed 
 
 trustcv 
 
 With these were associated two others, who 
 
 had been known as promiiienL Congreii,'ationalists. These 
 were Simeon Perkins and Samuel Hunt, Esqrs. 
 
 (V:)]onel Perkins, as the fonnc" of the two was usually 
 called !>y his friends, was at tlio head (»t"the list of trus- 
 tees, lie was a native of Xorwich, Conn. His ])arents. 
 who v,-cre Congivgalionalists, had trained him in ihe 
 ieadini; doctrine;- of tludr faitli. When a vouiiij' man he 
 Itecamo alarmed about his spiritual slate, and ivH-eivvMl 
 ' some divine consolations.' In 17''-, at tlie a:xe of t\ve!iT\- 
 seven, he removed to liiverpool. wJiere he commen- 
 ced business as a merdiant. From an early period, and 
 fi'i' TTuiny years. wi(h the a])]»robalioii of the ;.';o\cni- 
 ment. to the satisfa.ctii)n of the [lublii*, and with 
 h')nnr to himself, he rilled sevei-al important ])osi- 
 ti'Mis in the county. In 1772, lie was appointed 
 r.ieuteiumt - Colonel of the militia, and in 17011, 
 
^■P 
 
 2Y4 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Coloncl-Commandaiit at Liverpool. On one occasion, 
 when a superior revolutionary force had landed from 
 Bomc American vessels, and surprised the regular troops, 
 he re-took the garrison ; and in consequence his battalion 
 was honored by the officer in command in the Province, 
 with the title of the 'Queen's Buffs.' For thirty years he 
 was Judge of Probate, and for thirty-five years a repre- 
 sentative of the county in the Provincial Assembly. As 
 years advanced, he declined re-nomination to the Legis- 
 lature, and resigned, in succession, the different 
 offices he had held. His reading enabled him to give 
 an intelligent answer to those who asked a reason of 
 the hope that was in him. As life drew to its 
 close, his talents and usefulness were mentioned, not 
 as a foundation for hope, but as cause for thankfulness. 
 ' True, ' he remarked,' as a matter of thankfulness ; but 
 Christ alone is my hope. I might have been more useful j 
 my goodness extends not to God. Various notions have 
 passed through my mind in the course of my life; I have 
 but one now.' In May, 1812, at the age of seventy-seven, 
 he breathed his last, exclaiming, ' Come, Lord Jcsus; 
 come quickly I' Deacon Hunt, who had for several years 
 conducted religious services in the absence of a ministoi', 
 had also secured the high esteem of all who knew him. 
 His later da.ys were somewhat clouded by trials, arising 
 from the depressed state of business, but in 1800, the 
 ' good old deacon,' as he was called by one who knew 
 him well., passed beyoml all sorrow. His death caused 
 the first vacancy m the board of trustees. On the 9th of 
 June, 1793., the Metliodists of Liverpool held the first 
 service in the shell of their new church. 
 
 In April, Black reached Halifax from the West Indies. 
 He found the new church th«i'e haudsomelj' finished, and 
 preached within its walls with great satisfaction. The 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 2T5 
 
 I) ^'^^^ 
 The 
 
 spiritual interests of the society had also prospered under 
 Jessop, who had left the town a month previously for 
 Shelburne, on his way to New York. 'The Lord has 
 i-endered him a messenger of peace to many souls,' wrote 
 a leader in the church in Halifax. Boyd, at Ilorton, at 
 the same time reported an addition to the mcmbcisjiip 
 in that circuit of more than thirty members. 
 
 The annual Conference of 1793 was held at Windsor. 
 Its sessions were commenced on the 5tli of Juno, and 
 concluded on the following day. The mo«t important sub- 
 ject for discussion was the contemplated removal of Black 
 to the West Indies. His absence for a few months had 
 clearly conrinced his brethren that no other minister, 
 however pious and judicious, could fully supply his place 
 in a field in which he had been the first to labor. The 
 members of the Conference hoped for a personal inter- 
 view with Dr. Coke, whose arrival from Jamaica was 
 daily expected. The Doctor, however, at the time of 
 theii- meeting, was on his way to England; important en- 
 gagements there, and detention for two or three weeks 
 at Baibadoes, having led him to sail by the first o})portu- 
 nity, without waiting foi a convoy. The ministers, there- 
 fore, u?ianimously adopted a resolution to address him 
 upon the subject, and to request that Black should not, 
 upon any consideration, be removed from Nova Scotia. 
 Prev'ously to the receipt of their memorial, the Doctor 
 had written to Black giving him precise directions respect- 
 ing route, travelling arrangements and expenses ; but 
 the force of the representations made by the provincial 
 ministers was so strong that he acquiesced in their 
 wishes, and countermanded the apjwintment. The num 
 ber of members reported at the Conference was nine 
 hundred and eighty-nine. 
 
 1 i 
 
! II 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 BfETTTODISM IN NEWFOUNDLAND, FKOM THE Ar.RI- 
 
 YAL OF JOHN McGEATlY, IN 1785, TO THAT 
 
 OF JAMES BULl'IT IN 1790. 
 
 Juliii ?«r(rrC'ary. Fiiilure of Ilammott and Clarke to rcacli New- 
 foundland. ' Lack of harmony among the preachers. Corres- 
 ])()n(knco of Wesley respecting it. lieturn of McGeary to 
 England. Erection of a clnirch at Harbor Grace l)y Stretton. 
 Eeiigious condition of that place. Visit of William Black to 
 Nevvl'i midland. Extensive revival. liesults of Black's visit. 
 Incid''nt connected \vitli Iloskins' helpers. George Vey. Kobert 
 Carr Brackenbury. Stretton's appeal to him for a preacher. 
 Arrival of George Smith. Hid application for employment by 
 the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign I'arts. 
 His return to Newfoundland with William Thorcsby. His illness- 
 at Bonavista. His subsequent labors tliere. Charles Saint.. 
 Smitli"s return to England. Hardships and pleasures of the- 
 voyage. Keturn of Thorcsby. Arrival of James Bulpit. 
 
 Jolm McGcaiy, on his arrival in Kewfoundland, ro- 
 coired a lioarty welcome from Stretton. The endeavor 
 to attend to his secular business, and to take at the same 
 time the oversight of the s])iritual interests of a number of 
 persons, to whom the movements and ministry' of the Epis- 
 copal missionary were distasteful, Stretton had found to 
 be a heavy, and, in some respects, an unsuccessful etfort. 
 Ilis personal experience had thus prompted him, when 
 making the announcement of McGeary's arrival, to add, 
 ' a preacher should not be entangled with the affairs of 
 this life.' 
 
 McGeary, a native of Ireland, had jJi'cviously travel- 
 led in the United States. His name api)ears in the 
 American Minutes of 17S2, among those of twelve new 
 hiborers. He had returned to Britain in 1784. ' I had a 
 long conversation,' wrote Wesley, in his journal, in Octo- 
 ber of that year, ' with John McGoary, one of our Ameri- 
 
IN NEWFOUXVLAND. 
 
 277 
 
 lieu 
 , of 
 
 vel- 
 Ithe 
 lievv 
 Id a 
 Icto- 
 leri- 
 
 oan preachers, just t'oinc to I'jigliuid. ITo gave a ]»K'as- 
 iiii:; account of the work of Ciod, tlioro couliiiually 
 incroasitiL!;, and vehementl}' importuned me to pay a visit 
 to America l)of()ro I die.' At tlio Conforenco ol' 17H5, 
 ^IcGcary was ap])ointed a missionaiy to NcwfoumHand. 
 
 Tlic Lord Jesus, tlio ,i^rcat .Shepherd of tlie shci'p, 
 sent out his disciples by two and two. AVesUn', as an un- 
 der-sheplicrd, endeavoui'ed, whenever possible, to follow 
 the example of his Master. In his second effort to pro- 
 vide for the spiritual necessities of the settlei's in New- 
 foundland he lost sight of that lesson, and found a new 
 illustration of its importance, in McGeary's partial fail- 
 ni-e. The latter, on his arrival, found himself surround- 
 ed by depressing influences, to which he too i-eadily 
 yielded. In less than a month after the commence- 
 ment of his work at Carbonear, Stretton wrote ; ' Every 
 thing here appears so disagreeable to Mr. McGeary, that 
 I fear he will not abide long.' MeGcary, however, re" 
 inained for some time at his post, and succeeded in the 
 erection of a church at Carbonear, where lie spent the 
 greater part of his time. The appointment in 17SG of 
 Messrs. Ilammett and Clarke as additional ministers fru- 
 the Island, and the circumstances under which they 
 reached Antigua, have been stated in a previous chapter. 
 Their failure to reach their intended destination was 
 felt as a deei") disappointment by those who anxiously 
 awaited their arrival in Newfoundland. 
 
 Lack of harmony among the Protestant laborers invol- 
 ved a loss of influence, which could ill be suffered in the 
 presence of Popish aggression. McGeai-y, quick and im- 
 pulsive in disposition, allowed himself to be drawn into 
 a 'little contest' with Balfour, the Episcopal minister at 
 (.'arbonear, whose expectations of ' bringing the Metho. 
 dists to a better mind, by^ gentle applications,' had 
 
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 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 proved to be vain. More serious in its results was 
 the lack of harmony between the one itinerant and 
 the two local preachers, laboring under Wesley'* 
 direction. McGeary failed to co-operate in a cordial 
 spirit with Hoskins and Strotton ; and the latter 
 two, through causes not stated, were unable to see eye to 
 eye in the prosecution of a work in which both were 
 deeply interested. Wesley was sorely grieved by those 
 discords. In a letter to Black, only sixteen months after 
 the arrival of his itinerant in Newfoundland^ he wrote : 
 ' Poor John McGoary appears to be utterly discouraged ; 
 not only through want of success, but through want of 
 the conveniences, yea, necessaries of life. Truly, if I 
 could have supposed that those who made me fair pro- 
 mises, would have suffered a preacher to want bread, I 
 should have sent him into other parts where he would 
 have wanted nothing.' 
 
 Those disputes caiT^cd Wesley no small amount 
 of correspondence. Hoskins had objections to the course 
 pursued by Stretton, which he thought of suflBcient 
 importance to be laid before Wesley. The latter, in 
 writing some months later to Stretton, informed him of 
 a 'confused remembrance' of some objections made 
 against him by his lay fellow-laborer; and warning him 
 to ' take the utmost care, that the good that is in us be 
 not evil spoken of,' expressed a hope that, if ' some foun- 
 dation' for these objections had existed, they were by 
 that time removed. 'I wish,' Wesley also wrote to 
 Black, * you would do all you can to keep our brethren 
 in peace with each other, and your pains will not be lost 
 on poor John McGoary. There is much good in him. 
 Indeed, ho is naturally of a bold, forward temper, but I 
 hope his zeal is now according to knowledge. Undoubtedly 
 you know the objections which John Hoskins makes to 
 
IN NEWFOUJS^DLAND. 
 
 279 
 
 John Stretton. If tlicM-o bo an}- cji-ound for these, shouM 
 you not freely ami lovingly talk with brothci- Stretton?' 
 
 Weslcy'n efforts failed to secure the unity for which 
 ho had hoped. He, therefore, early in 1T8'J, wrote 
 again to Stretton; 'What concerns me, is that I can- 
 not find any union between you noi-thern j)rea('hcis. 
 J(»hn Iloskins, John McGeary, and John Stretton, I 
 8honld imagine would have acted in concert; but on 
 the contrary, each seems to be afraid of tlie other. 
 IIow is this ? What is the true ground of the shyness ? 
 What objections have you to John Iloskins or John 
 Mcdeary ? What objections have they to you ? ' Tis a 
 pity but you had all spoken freely to your att'ectionate 
 brother, John Wesley. 
 
 Under such circumstances, growth in the membership 
 could not be expected. The marriage of McGeary to the 
 daughter of a planter, without the consent of the father, 
 a})parently put a period to his usefulness at Carbonear; 
 and in November, 17S8, after having • brought upon him- 
 self multiplied vexations, and a flood of reproach uj)on 
 the cause' he sailed for England, regretted by few. 
 Siretton still sought to do all in his power at Harbor 
 Grace. In spite of many discouragements, he began the 
 erection of a church, which he opened for worship on the 
 last day of August, 1788. ' I l)uilt it,' he wrote his old 
 cori'espondent, Mrs. Bennis, ' at my own expense, for we 
 have no society, and this is the only thing at pi-esent 
 that keeps up the Protestant name in the place. The 
 Protestant r.unister is worse than none, and few go to 
 church; while Popery like a deluge sweeps away the 
 rest.' Having completed his little church, Stretton 
 wrote to a young man of Waterford, Ireland, asking 
 him to come out to Newfoundland and * preach the (jlosjtel 
 for one summer freely.' This step, in view of the past, 
 
I 
 
 2S(I 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 \\v ti)()]v with IV'ur and ti'ciiililinii'. 'Is the voiuii;- Diaii lit 
 tor \\\v. work'' 1k' said to his (jld iVie'iid at Liiuci'ick ? 
 'Has 1k' u-il'Is aii<l i;'rac(' ? Do not lot him conio to do 
 hurt, hut (). c'licoui'au'c; luin, it' h^' is likely to do i^'ood. 
 May the next that eoines he one that Clifisl tiie Lord 
 >hall send.' It does not apjiea;* that Strcltoii's eai'iie>l 
 a])j)eal i"oeeived a favoi'alde answei'. His I'eview of the 
 moral and relii;"ious state of llarhor (Jracc at the end of 
 IT'.'O, was oi a gloomy eharueter. ' This j>laee,' lie said, 
 ' is like Sodom ineverythinii; Imtl'iUnessof hrcad, and 1 am 
 hero alone, with not one family heai-tilj religious tiial I 
 can associate with, or hold an}' ))rotitahle con\erse with, 
 all this dreary winter.' 'I go ou in a puhlic way as 
 usual,' h(! adiled. ' Sinee I 0]>e:ied the iDoetingdiou-e 
 many attend on Sahhatli evenings ; hut I cannot ohserve 
 murh good done. Two or thi'ee were wrouglit upon last 
 winter who still seem in earnest.' 
 
 Li aecordaiiee. it is prol)ahle. with an arrangement 
 made hetween C'oke and himself at Philadel])hia, Black 
 at lengtli i-esolved to visit Newfoundland. On liis retui'n 
 to Halifax fi-om the New York Conlerence of IT'.'l, he 
 had intended to proceed at once to St. Stephen, and to 
 the River St. John, hut, finding in the harbor a vessel 
 hound to Newfoundland, he was led to re-arrange his 
 ]»lans and secure a passage for tlie island. The insolent 
 <'onduct and hlasphemous language of tlio captain led 
 Black- at the last moment to reuret his chan<^o of route. 
 'Satan,' he aftei'wards wrote ' had well ingh carried l\is 
 ])oint. 1 gave oi'ders for my trunk to he taken on shore 
 again, but it was all in vain ; go, 1 must, nnl s.s I left my 
 ti'unk and lost the tliree pounds 1 had had to pay ibr my 
 passage.' In the evening the captain a])ologised, and 
 throughout tiie passage, treated Black with much more 
 kindnesy than the hitter had expectetl. Convinced that the 
 
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 :[t:v^..n.,or;, r,™'';: '"" ■."': 
 
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 ll.o,l«„l.' ' •'" """"'i' is like Hi;. ,■,,,„, 
 
 !;T at CnH,onea. a! ; ™ 
 
 ^^^•*^^''c on his arrival V , "^ '''''^ ^isiM.. ^o 
 
 --^'^''-od into the ovonVr "^'' ^'"^ '"-'^'^ ^'-1 I.,? 
 
 ^;-^^'- to bo fon:r r^^^^^^ 
 
 ;^«-vhoro; butatCarbonLu'on ..r '' ^^" ^^'-"'- -'i 
 ^«/-^ify to u.c power o fCh f ''^^^"^^^'"^^^'----nain., 
 f Harbor Grace, B] '^1 T "'^'"^'^ ^« ^'-^-A^'v-^ins 
 
 I-^n^lcr lilac/-, t,- , ^'-.^ani^.d .society. 
 
 r'--'Jed. ^any win, ,;..:! ? /^'^^^^ ^^-'o op.„ 
 
 -^• 42. 
 
 ^vove cony 
 
 'i'^toncd to i 
 
 ^<^>»io other 
 
 « (teemed d 
 
 "ifed ,,i' ,], 
 
 I'j r 
 
 "■^ ^^vposifion (./• .\ 
 
 |»en/y 
 
 ^^";'<^ wbieh attended tb 
 
 p'yafti 
 
 foul 
 
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 i.'it 
 
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 I'OVolt. 
 
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 On tbe foil 
 
 'e season ot ref,-esl 
 
 (nvi 
 
 "^'Sabbath t] 
 
 •^ei'vjco was 
 
 a ch 
 
 <-''<'^i'd intjn- 
 
 oeni). 
 
 Pi'e.^ent to wound and 
 
 10 
 
 » was to /;,!! 
 
 ^^^'^^'^'- At tbe 
 
 J"nver of tJio S 
 
 JM'e- 
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 cl 
 
 '^i'l'it wa> 
 
 ose of tl 
 
 iC 
 
 i>ub- 
 

 1 
 
 2S2 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Hi- so.rvicos of thnt day thirty-sevon remained to meet 
 ill the class. During the sermon on Tuesday evening, 
 ' some,' says Black, ' began to cry out. I stopped preach- 
 ing and began to pray. My voice was soon drowned ; I 
 left the ])ulpit, and went up and down the church exhor- 
 tijig those that were wounded and crying for mei'cy to 
 look unto Jesus as their only Redeemer. AVeeping was 
 on every side. About thirty were under deep distress, 
 if we might so conclude from weeping eyes, solemn 
 groans, shrill cries, self-accusations, and serious reiterat- 
 ed inquiries, of ' What must I do to bo saved?' In the 
 miilst of the general distress one young person arose, and 
 declared the loving kindness of the Lord to her soul. I 
 requested those who were in distress to withdraw to 
 Brother McGeary's house, but they would not leave the 
 church ; so that it was between nine and ten o'clock 
 before the meeting broke up. After they left the church 
 one might hear the language of distress for a considera- 
 ble distance in various directions.' On the 20th, ' three 
 professed converting grace.' With similar entries the 
 journal kept by Black in Newfoundland abounds. 
 
 The inhabitants of the other settlements on the shores 
 of Conception Bay also shared in the deep religious in- 
 terest of that period. At the close of the first service at 
 Harbor Grace, a number of inquirers followed Black to 
 Stretton's house, where he talked and prayed with them 
 until compelled to desist by exhaustion. From that 
 meeting a young Englishman went away rejoicing in 
 Jesus. On another occasion three hours were spent by 
 forty or fifty persons in confession of sin, and prayer for 
 forgiveness. Some of the repentant ones at Harbor Grace 
 had been among the greatest enemies of the work of God 
 in that place. On the 21st of August, Black jjreached 
 at Port de Grave and Bay Roberts to large congrega- 
 
jy NEWFOUSBLAND. 
 
 2S3 
 
 lect 
 
 A; I 
 
 :hor- 
 y to 
 was 
 tvcss, 
 )lcmn 
 terat- 
 n the 
 ,c, and 
 
 )Ul. I 
 
 •aw to 
 ave tho 
 o'clock 
 cliurch 
 
 sidora- 
 
 ' three 
 ies the 
 
 jc shores 
 liourt in- 
 H-vicc at 
 Ihvck to 
 Ith them 
 )m that 
 ►icing in 
 ^pent by 
 layer for 
 p- Grace 
 
 [k of God 
 preached 
 longrega- 
 
 tions. At tho former place he found a class of twenty- 
 Hoven menibers, who had been gatlierod chiefly by the ct- 
 forls of George Vey. ' I added four to their number,' says 
 Black, 'furnished them with a class-paper, explained the 
 rules of the Society, and left them in thccharge of CJeorge 
 Vey, the leader, a pious young man, who, 1 trust, will be 
 a blessing to them.' Three or four days were spent by 
 Black and McGeary at Blackhead. In that place f?ome 
 animosities were removed, some souls awakened, some 
 new members added to the Society, and the membership 
 generally encouraged and strengthened. Forty persons 
 were at this time enrolled in tho classes. Two now 
 classes were also formed at Freshwater. Black was in- 
 formed that about thirty persons were meeting in tho 
 classes under Iloskins. Fear of detention on the island 
 through the winter prevented him from visiting the 
 evangelist at his homo at Old Perlican. 
 
 After having made arrangements, by which the church 
 and dwelling at Carbonoar wore properly secured to tho 
 Conference, Black prepared to depart. On Sunday, Sep- 
 tember 4th, he administered the Lord's Supper to about 
 one hundred and thirty communicants. * Such a com- 
 munion service ' tho preacher had never seen. An 
 awt\il sense of the Divine presence seemed to pervade every 
 heart. Several backsliders were reclaimed. The love-feast» 
 held on the afternoon of the same day, Black could not 
 attempt to describe. The cries of tho penitent and tho 
 songs of the pardoned drowned his voice. Some, during 
 tho service, wore made conscious of forgiveness, and gave 
 immediate testimony to the fact. 'It was hard work,' 
 says Black, ' to tear away from them. I was nearly 
 an hour shaking hands with them, some twice and thrice 
 over, and even then wo hardly know how to part, but I 
 at last rushed from among them, and left them weeping 
 
 
284 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 lii 
 
 as foi- fin only son.' Not loss than two linndrod souls, 
 wc art- told l»y Richard Knii^dit, afterwards a missionary 
 in the island, were converted to CJod during; this brief 
 visit of Black to Conception l^ay. But the fruits of the 
 visit must not bo limited tr» the immediate results. 
 Throui!:h the proper organization of the classes; the set- 
 tlement of the mission property uj)on the connexior.al 
 plan ; the knowledii^c obtained i-espectini; the work in the 
 island; and especially through the increased numbers 
 and more vigorous spiritual life of the membershi]), a 
 guarantee for the permanance of the work was obtained, 
 and a foundation laid on which others might successfully 
 buihl. 
 
 AVhen half a centuiy liad passed, there yet remained, 
 on the shores of Conception Ba}', solitary individuals — 
 links between the past and the present, — who delighted 
 to speak of the hallowed scenes connected with that visit. 
 'He's slow to anger, I'm sure he is, said one of those aged 
 ones at Blackhead, to a minister of the pi-esent day, as 
 with trembling finger he pointed to the eighth verse of 
 the one hundred and third Psalm ; He's slow to angor, 
 I'm sure ho is, for ho loves me still.' 'When were you 
 brought to know the Lord Jesus as your Saviour ?' the 
 visitor asked. ' Many years ago, when Parson Black 
 came into these parts,' the old man answered. 'There 
 was a terrible alarm among sinners at that time. AVe 
 were afraid to hear the man. But I went nothing afraid 
 of the man, but something ho said scared me terribiv. 
 I see'd myself a new man that night. I sec'd God was 
 angry wi' me then, and I cried for mercy. Nor did I 
 rest till I knew that his anger was turned awav and 
 that Jesus died to save me'^ 
 
 The successful labors of John Iloskins in Ncwfound- 
 
 1 Rev. J. Brewster, in * Wcsleyan,' Oct. 27th, 1849. 
 
 :'r. .;!iii 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 285 
 
 n 
 
 (lid I 
 
 r ami 
 
 to 
 
 uud- 
 
 liinil, terminated about this ])oriod. His end is involved 
 in some mystery. Kitlier liolbro or after his dejiarliu'c 
 IVoin Kiii;"hind for Xewfoundhmd, lie liad projected some 
 improvement in iiavigation, by means of a now nautical 
 i'.istrument, or by an improved method of takin^^ oi)ser- 
 vations. A seientitic friend in Kn<;-hind corresponded 
 with him, until he thought himself master of Hopkins' 
 theory, and then ceased to write. Iloskins resolved to 
 visit England to introduce his theory of invention to the 
 notice of the public, but on his arrival, found that his 
 supposed friend liad presented it to a ' lloyal Society' as 
 his own. lie is believed to have died in England. 
 
 Through the ministiy of Iloskins, some liad been 
 raised up at an early date to assist lum at Old Perlican. 
 Upon these he had looked with special satisfaction ; for 
 (rod had given them to him from the ranks of his opposei's, 
 among whom they had been leaders. Their conversion 
 stands out prominently among the many pi-oofs aiforded 
 by Newfoundland of the power of the Gospel of Christ. 
 The most notei of these helpers of Iloskins was John 
 Jiarber, the former leader of the ' baser 8ort.' His ])re- 
 decessor, Samuel Champion liad pledged himself to pull 
 Iloskins from the preachers' stand, and one evening- 
 went with this intention, but words uttered by Iloskins, 
 as Champion entered the room, riveted his attention, 
 and so aii'ected him that ho remained after the depar- 
 ture of the worshippers, and, almost in despair, 
 revealed to the preacher his intondetl purpose, asked his 
 forgiveness, and sought that which Heaven only can be- 
 stow. At once he became a pupil in Iloskins' night- 
 school, and in a short time rejoiced in his ability to read 
 a chapter from the Word of God, which became thence- 
 forth his chief delight. Iloskins' opponents, thus for- 
 saken, selected for their leader, John Barber, a more 
 
 III 
 
 • "I 
 
2SG 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 intelligent man than thcmselvos, whose uncommon j)(>\v- 
 ersofwitand repartee had been so prostituted by low 
 buffoonery and obscenity as to secure for him from 
 his comrades the unenviable title of 'Black Barber.' 
 Champion's conversion had affected the hearts of 
 several of his former companions. Barber resolved to 
 influence these through ridicule, and therefore went 
 to listen to lloskins, to whom he was a stranger. He 
 listened attentively, subdued by a solemn awe, and 
 went home with little disposition to mock the mes- 
 Bcngcr of God. He listened r.gain, grew sad through his 
 recollections of a wasted life, ami resolved to yield him- 
 self unto God. One evening as he lay on his bed, utter- 
 ing the prayer, * Lord lift thou up the light of thy coun- 
 tenance,' a light shone round him like that which startl- 
 ed Saul. The terror which seized him was soon succeed- 
 ed by a joy to which he had been a stranger. He at 
 once began to testify of the grace by which he had 
 been saved, and through his powerful appeals, pointed 
 by the relation of his own experience, not a few of his 
 old companions in sin were deeply impressed, and led 
 with conquered hearts to seek forgiveness. By Hoskins' 
 advice, after some hesitation, he took a passage of Scrip- 
 ture as a text, and, in Hoskins' absence, addressed his 
 neighbors. Barber's strong faith in God rendered him a 
 ' wondrous man,' in the eyes of his neighbors, to whom 
 it seemed that the operation of natural causes was often 
 suspended, as he addressed his God in simple phrase. His 
 attachment to Hoskins was so strong that he cleared a 
 piece of land and built a small dwelling, as near his resi 
 denco as possible. Faithful unto death, he departed from 
 another mission station in the the island, at the age of 
 seventy-five, to receive the promised crown.' Such was 
 
 « MS of John Tilley, of Trinity Bay. 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 2»7 
 
 one of those to whom IToskins refeiTcd, when, in 17<'^4, 
 he wrote to Wesley, 'We havolikewiHC ncvcral preachi'is 
 raised out of these stones, who are blessed in their hihor-;.' 
 
 McGeary remained in Newfoundland but a ft-w 
 months after Black's dej)arturo. lie reached England 
 pi-eviously to the Conference of 1792, at which he received 
 an appointment to an English circuit. During tlic 
 following year he withdrew from the ministry. Tlic 
 work thus devolved again, for a season, upon local 
 laborers who had already borne much of the burden 
 and heat of the day. A few weeks after Black's dej)ai't- 
 ure, Stretton, whom Black called a 'judicious and 
 upright man,' wrote that he had ' gathered nearly sixty 
 young people and children,' who had ' serious im]>ress» 
 ions on their minds.' ' This,' said he, ' is the day I have 
 longed for.' The young man left in charge at Port de 
 Grave proved a blessing, as Black had hoped. George 
 Vey, who had been convinced of sin, while listening to 
 a sermon preached by Sti-etton, became a highly accept- 
 able local preacher. From the time of his conversion to 
 that of his death, a period of more than forty years, he 
 maintained the life of a Christian, with rare 'firmness, 
 consistency, and zeal.' Beloved by all who knew him, 
 he exerted a salutary influence upon the district in 
 which he resided; and at length, full of years, and of 
 the honor which God giveth, went triumphantly home 
 On New Year's day, 1835, his wife and children saw 
 that his end was approaching, and his spirit ripening for 
 glory. The few days they were permitted to spend with 
 him were rich in blessing. During his restless slumbers, 
 as well as in his waking hours, his thoughts were in 
 eternity and religion was his theme. Praise was his ' last 
 employ.' When speech failed, his uplifted hand testified 
 that God gave him the victory, through our Lord Jesus 
 
 i';:i 
 
 ■i s 
 
1 i t 
 
 m 
 
 \i . 
 
 ■i I 
 
 ill. 
 
 ii 
 
 288 
 
 JIISTOIiY OF MEriioniSM 
 
 Christ.' Tlie mantle of llie <lyin^' father fell upon hi- 
 Hon Clii-isloplier, who l)eeaine a wortliy suecetisioi' of that 
 fatln-i" in tlie ranks of tlie h>eal ininisti*}'. 
 
 Willi praiseworthy pei-suvei-ance, Stretton resolved 
 onee more to use his j»en in an etlbrt to obtain a ])reaeher 
 ' wholly devoted to the work.' Hohert (.'arr Braekm- 
 hiirv, !']>()., of Itailhhv ilall, Lineolnshire, was one of 
 \Ve>ley's preaehers. Wesley lirst makes mention ol him 
 in 1T7'». Ife was eonvineed of sin while at Cambridi;e, 
 and after a brief space obtained an assurance of pardon. 
 At Hull he met one of Wesley's itinerants. ' By l<»n;r 
 and (dose conversation with him, says Wesley, ' he was 
 convinced that it was his duty to join the ]>C(H)le called 
 .^Fethodists. At first, indeed, he sta^rgered at lay prearh- 
 ini,', but after wcii^diinsi; the matter more deeply he 
 began preaching, himself, and found a very remarkal>!e 
 blessing, both in his own soul and in his labors.' Wesley, 
 who had generally found his firm friends and mo>t 
 faithful laborers among a class, lower in social position, 
 according to the populai' estimate, than tluit in wliicli 
 Jirackenbury had moved, did not at once give him the 
 coulidence he deserved. ' 3Ir J]rackenbury,' he wrote, 
 four Vi'ai's after their first interview, ' seems to be better 
 with regard to his bodily liealth, but ho is ^tarried ! 
 Ami I shall not be much disappointed if he soon takes 
 leave of the Methodists.' Happily, Wesley erred in his 
 estimate of his fiiend. Brackcnbury's conversion had 
 bi'en too thorough to allow hira to be influenced by those 
 silly and ilegrading motives which not iinfrcquently lead 
 individuals and families to change their cliurch relation- 
 ships. A man of wealth, with an elegant home; and 
 endowed with a fine poetic taste, and no little jwetic 
 talent, aided by culture ; he had placed all on the altar 
 
 » Ellidge's 'Sermon on the death of George Vcy.' 
 
■^jI 
 
 jx xinvrorM'i.AXP. 
 
 L'M> 
 
 11< »t 
 :ioTi, 
 
 I the 
 roto, 
 otter 
 
 •!0'1 
 
 :es 
 
 n 
 
 his 
 had 
 
 Itho^e 
 lead 
 htion- 
 1 
 
 an 
 
 )() 
 
 etic 
 altar 
 
 "f (• )n^i'c;-;i! ioii. Wealthy iiifii. \ni) Mticii. ii is id he 
 I'raiTil, oll'i'l" l!i«Ml' inniicy i:i lieu III' pn'MMKll ^('i"\iff. 
 lirai'lrciiliiiry i;'avi' iVrrly oT his '.|i!i-t;i;Mi'. h'li al-o :;a\r 
 ti'iiix'ir to his Miistcr ;i> a pi-cai-hcr. !i>i' i ii(> h>ii:;- tfiiiinl 
 torty years. I Ir a("''i>in]>ani('il \\ r-h'y ti» Scutlan.l aii'l 
 Ifi»lla)i<l. aihl -!<)'i(| al his hcil aiiiMiia" the cli'xrli whn 
 hcai'il his I'M \\ hi'>]irr('(i • l-'ari-wclj. Drachfaluiry 
 fi'iiiaiiioil lailhl'iil t(i Met lii>,!i>iii ihroiiuai \]c>' hi'a\icst 
 sti'iiu'ick's. a 111 I iM \\\r rluvi' ot' hi> litr. in Aiii;n -t. 1 -^IS. 
 
 'rhi> ihvotcd inaii was in ijic haliit oi" K-aviii:, !)'s 
 J'.i.i'h' aivl the wo. •ill, lo sri-k" in I hi' rot in'i'iciil oi' mhho 
 
 .-■'litary villau'c -|ifcial |irc|>arat ioii Inr \\\^ \>\\ Iiiti;/ 
 
 i'.\"cu.->i()ii-. Havi'':;' |th'.iiiu'(l (Mio oi' ilioc • lolii-ai whih' 
 :i; S.iiit!iaiiij'''>ii ill 17'.-, In' tonk t hr lir-t ccach whiili 
 'i:c'W ii]*, aii'l \va> carriotl ly it l(» Wcy iP'ditii. ()niy a 
 lay a.lM.'r ..o lint! t;\!\Oii jwivati.' h)(iii;iiiu's, a man nut Imi. 
 ill thr .>trcot, a.inl |)ointin^' in a certain direction, .-aid^ 
 ' (V Sir. v'oii ai'i' t ae vei'\ ]ie!'son I wanU'd. Tlie Isle of 
 I'mi'I iaml i-' aU da;k!ie-s. ^'oii mn>t u'o there,' Braclcen- 
 l-nry went (Jiei'(\ aitd thonco to J'oole ami the neiLi-hhor- 
 iiiu' villa.n'os. At llie latter place the theatie \va^ hiicK 
 ami tiU' services Jn'M in it were at'emleil hy iinnteiiM 
 ci'owds. .Many weie MesNcd hy iK'ini;' turned IVorn their 
 ini.iuilies. To rcnd.er thewoj'k permanent, I)iaekeidiiir\- 
 '■iilli a Metliodist church, on tln.^ walisot' which, after h'- 
 death. the pe()[i!e placed a talilel coninu'in(M'atit!i;-hi ^ liiier- 
 aii'y and lH)ly lite. ' All this,' said bis wile, a per>on not 
 le>s>aiiitly tlian her liusltand, as at a later ])eriods!u'sjiok-c 
 f^»f the several circuits, and the sixteen liundrt,"! meinhers 
 in that district of Kni;dand, In wliich her h!isl)an<l had 
 iiceii the pioneer Methodist preaelier ; "All tiiis, the 
 present fruit, has, humanly speaking-, providentially 
 resulted from my dear husband stepping into tlio coaeli 
 at Southampton." * 
 
 ■♦ Stevens' 'History of Methodism/ vol. 3, p. 253. 
 
m'-T^mmfgrn 
 
 290 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Tn this fond triltute of u Clii'istiaii Wdinni; lu ihe 
 ineiuoiy of lior hiisband the truth was not cxccedi'd. 
 Indeed, the extreme earthly limit ol tlie iiilluciiee of that 
 apparently triflinii; act on the part of hei- hushand lay 
 be}'ond her vision. Pf)ole was at thai lime the juincijjal 
 En^-lish ])ort of the Xewfoundland liadi". and communi- 
 cation between the two])()ints was(|uit»' frcijuent. I'ai-tlos 
 from Poole carried news of the work under Brackenhury 
 across the ocean to Stretton. As s(»oii as ])ossihle, 
 Stretton wriae Brackenluiry a pi-essiui^- lettei-, ui'gin<;' him 
 either to come over in jiei'son, or to send a j)reachei'. On 
 receipt of the letter, Brackenhury made the re([uest 
 known to George Smith, a young man who had been with 
 him on several of his journeys, and had taken ])art with 
 him in the successful services at Poole and the surround- 
 ing villages. Smith expressed his willingness to go 
 to Xewfoundland, and received encouragement fi'om 
 Dr. Coke, to wliom lii'ackenhury had forwarded Stret- 
 ton's lottei-. On the 1st of May. 17!>4, Smith sailed 
 from Poole in a merchant shij), the ownei' of which 
 kindly gave him a passage. The ca]itain. a 3IetIio- 
 dist, readily consented to frefpient religious services 
 during the voyage; and on their ajiproach to tho 
 
 land, several persons who came on hoai'd to n\ake iixjui- 
 ries concerning the ex})ected missionary, gave him a 
 warm welcome. 
 
 For more than a year, Smith conlinod his lai»ours 
 chiefly to Conception Bay. lie then went north- 
 ward as i'ar as Greensj)ond, where, as well as at 
 Trinity Bay and Boiuivista, he formed small socio ies. In 
 the absence of any supi)lies from England, and anxious to 
 be able to relieve the necessities of the poor, which were 
 ' very urgent during the cold season,' he then i-esolvol fo 
 return to Kngliind to seek ordination from the Arehbishoj* 
 
ly M^nvFOiwjjLAyi). 
 
 21' 1 
 
 ■ tluil 
 i\ lay 
 
 immi- 
 'luties 
 ■nltviry 
 
 en wi^l^ 
 1-1 with 
 iitouikI- 
 
 ,1 St rot- 
 
 siu 
 
 \v 
 
 led 
 
 Mctl 
 
 ID- 
 
 f.erviccri 
 
 to 
 
 tU 
 
 ;e intiui' 
 
 [t noi'tli' 
 
 U 
 
 us 
 
 lie u' 
 
 In 
 
 in 
 
 xiousto 
 kirli Nvcie 
 
 rso 
 
 (> 
 
 lvi-<\ t 
 
 of Cantei'liuiy. and an a|i])iiintnu'nt ;il ]^i)ii!;vi>ia as a 
 
 IV 
 
 \>>'\(mii]'y un<kM' tlic diit'ction of the Socii'U- loi- tli 
 
 }'rf)]iau'at i(tn ol' \\\v (i<>>)»t'l. 
 
 T\ 
 
 I'.' ainmal sti) nid.' >ay-' 
 
 Smitli, ' wa 
 
 s s(.'V<.'nty ]: 
 
 ixnids ; from \vliicli 
 
 as we 
 
 from my h'ttor^ of ordination. I cxpccttMl — if tlio Lord 
 should jtlcaso to Ihvour my d('si«j;n. — to (U'l'ivo sini^'ulai' 
 advantaa'os. not j'or uw own sake. I>ut for the canso of 
 
 < iii'ist. and the pii'cions >()uls toi' wlioso sa 
 
 Is t< 
 
 iko I 
 
 \\\'nt 
 
 With th 
 
 mt* ntioii lie saik'd lor l^nii'land. <'a;- 
 ryin<>: with lum a (.•cititicatc ot" u'ood Ijt'liavior. and a 
 rt'.|Uost tor liis a)i|iointm('nt to Honavista, siu'nod !»y the 
 (dnrf mau'istrato and a nnndn'r of the r<.'sidents of that 
 jihico. But another party at Jionavista, fearful of liis 
 vetuiMK with inereasod power to interfei-e with their 
 unlioly |)r(^eeedinii;s, Idrwanled a eountoi'-petitiou. sii;-mMl 
 1>y a immher of ))ersons. some of wliom weiv avowed 
 J^)man ('atliolies, wlueh reaehed the Ar'dil)isho]» lieldre 
 Smith's arrivah The h-itter ])etition, in spite of the efloi'ts 
 of Wilhei'foree, who wrote in Smith's hehalf to hotli the 
 Arcdiliisliop of ('anterhui'V and the Hishop of Lon(h>n, 
 served as a sutiieient i-eason foi* a denial of tlie refinc^l. 
 Smitli lived hjni;" enoUi;'h to feel thankful tor a refu>ak 
 wliieli at first caused him sore disap))ointment. 
 
 At tlie Confeivnee of 179(1. "William Thoresliy was 
 ap])ointed to Xewfountlland. In aeeordante .with his 
 earnest re([uest. and with thesanetion of tlie Conferenee, 
 Smith, who sinee his ivtui-n liad l)een employed in the 
 Kuii'lish work, eonsiMited to aeeompanv him. Thev sailed 
 toii'Other from Poole, and ivaehcd their destination after 
 n ])leasant voyaii'e. Thoi'cshy remained at ('once])tion 
 ]]ay, while his eollea£;'uc took an earlj' opprtunity of 
 jj;oing nortliward. Kxjtosiire in :i hoatonthe open sou in 
 the month of November, when the weather was wet and 
 stormy; and without bed or covering, and with no food 
 
I ,(i 
 
 I i 
 
 202 
 
 HISTORY OF .UKTironiSM 
 
 liiit >n\i lisli, I'c'sultcil iii .1 sovoiv illness. Iiamctlinlolr 
 alU'i' his ai-rival al ijonavisia. wiici'c tlie sailors soiiu'Iil 
 I'of'utcc, Sinitli Iodic his hod in atili holon^'ini;' tolwojiooi* 
 men. There \\v lay for a month, eai-ed tor hy tiie niagis- 
 ti'atc and the apotlKH-aiy, Avho I<indly ministert'il to his 
 nc'cessiii^;s. Upon his recoN-ci'_\- Ik- collected the cldldren 
 ('I'the ])la('e, to Icacli them to reaii. ^Plio u'l'eatii' ])art of 
 Ins hooks and cloihinu', sent al'lci- hini iVoni Mn,i;'land. had 
 fallen into the hands of the Frcn.'di. who ha<l ca[)luivd the 
 vessel l>y \\hich tlio\' wei'e for\\aided ; hiit he so pitied 
 the desiitntion (»f some of tlu' ( hildi'en that he sold a ]tart 
 of his reinaininii,' hooks and wearinu; apparel, and 
 souij,hL aid iVoni c/lIici's to siiji])ly tliem "Nvith clotliinn-. 
 Dnrin;^' ^hirch. 1T!*7, he ti'avell-.-d v^-\\\\ thiee others 
 th!'oiii;'h t!K^ \vo()ds to Ti'iiuty. w lun'e lie sjxMit several 
 da_)'s in jceachinu'. and seekini;"ont the scattei'e(l inemhers 
 of the little tlock he had heen instrumental in L;'atherin<;' 
 on a foi'niei' visit. Aftei- a journey, i-endei'ivl perilous hy 
 a severe snow-storm, during:; which he and his eom]'»an- 
 ions lost their way, diseei'niui;" during' their wande]"ini;'s 
 the track of a pack of Avolves, lie reached lionavistu a^'iun 
 in safely. In that place he remained until May, 'I had 
 reason to helieve,' he wrote, when ri'vieAvinii; this period 
 ot his ndnistiy, ' that tliroui;h the hlessin*;- of (Jod 
 several souls were converted at Jionavista ; and the chil- 
 tlio.i, whom ] tauii;ht o-ratuitously, a[)peaied to. be very 
 hopeful. Their jiarents endeavoreil to requite my kind- 
 ness, by hrinn'inn' rafts ofwootl which they cut and 
 s(puired on the othei* side of the cove, on slides on the ice, 
 with the intention of erectiiiL;; a ehajiel in the S])ring, if I 
 had received, as I expected, remittances from Eni;-land.' 
 Amonijr those led to (Mirist under Smith's uiinistry at 
 Bonavistawas a vounu: Kn<!:lishnu)n, named Charles Saint. 
 The natural diffidence of the 3'oung man prevented him 
 
7.Y yEWFOryBLAXI). 
 
 2'X 
 
 •agis- 
 u hi^ 
 
 irl of 
 I. btul 
 ...1 the 
 
 , and 
 )tbing. 
 ollicrs 
 
 ember?* 
 ihevint;- 
 Ions by 
 
 ilei'inp;s 
 a u,u;ani 
 ' I bud 
 iiorioil 
 lof Viod 
 bo e-bU- 
 bc very 
 
 r> 
 
 ,- kind- 
 
 l 
 
 tbo ice, 
 
 h»\ii'» ^ 
 
 fl 
 
 bind. 
 
 »^\iA" 
 
 ir^try 
 
 ;ii 
 
 10 s ; 
 
 Saint. 
 
 vied bim 
 
 tVoia makini:: l<ii()\vii to his iatluT in the Gospel tlie 
 i'haiii;\! lie had ex|K'ri(.'iicc'(h but diii-iiii;- tbo ibiirteen 
 y«\'ii's which olapsr;! hi'loi-o the ai)|)oint nioiit of a niission- 
 livy to r>.)!iavi>ta. ho was tho K'ador in nearly all the 
 ser\-i<-os hy which "iho ■<hco]» without a sha'pherd' sotiixbt 
 f'» >ti'oiiu'thoii each other, hui-iui;: a hnii;* ])oi'iod .Mr. 
 .>..in: di>cha!'ii,'od tiu' duties ot" a U'adci-aii<l local ])i-oacbor 
 It the satisl'aeiiou ot'ail coiicci-ncd. In \^U), after nuich 
 suirci'JMu". home with ('hi'isiian |iatieiieo. he reached tho 
 close of a n)ortal life of >eveii!y--ix yeai's. 
 
 'Pho lo>> of a letter to \)y. Adam Clarke, and tho 
 coii>e(iuem ari'ival ot' iho ve->sels in tho s[u'ini^ without 
 rcMiitJaic'cs oi- su[)]>lios of any kind foi' the missionary, 
 left hiui ill a state of dot iiutioii. which hastened bis 
 departui'o for Mni^'land. In .May. IT'.'T, loavinu' tho 
 remainder of hi.s l)ook> and part ofhi> clothing" in tbo 
 bands of a f)'iend, to di^cha:■^•c <lohts !ie had hotui com- 
 ])ollod to cmitract, be sailed for .Li->hon. on tho way to 
 I'^iigland. Throui;"h tiie kin lno>s of i wo merchants at 
 JIarhoi- (rraco and (.'arhoiioai', iii'o\'i>ion was made for bis 
 ]»assa;.';o to Jjisiion. and fo:- h > o.\pv'n>es while in that 
 vily, but in oi'dci- to rcacli Kalmouth. ho was under the 
 necessity, in consc;pionco i)i' tiie hig'i rate of j)assag"e by 
 tho ])ackot, of soliciiini;- a ])ass IVom the l*ost-()Hico. 
 .Durini;- the tii'st elovoii days at sea, his position Avas un- 
 j)loasant in tbe o.\fromo. His tai'o was a few biscuits, 
 airl his lie I an old hamm )ck- in the hold. .Some in([uiries, 
 made by a naval oilicoi' who had mar!;ed his loudness for 
 I'oading', leil .Smith, at length to make known his previous 
 engagement as a niissiouai'v in Xewf tiimiland. Further 
 puiuiries, on tho following day, led him to ]>roduce ;i 
 letter tVoni Wilhorforce. ;ind anothvu* t'rom tho chief 
 magistrate at Honavista. A militaiy olliccr of high 
 rank, acquainted with Wilberforce, recognized his band 
 
fi] 
 
 iit'; 
 
 20-t 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 writiiin", and asked to hcc llio hook Smith was ivadini,'. 
 A I'Ofjiiost was soon alU'i- sent liy llie coinjjany in the 
 cabin, throuu'h the naval olncei'. tor a sermon on the t'ol_ 
 lovvinLC 'hiy, wiiich was the Sabhath. To the ama/ement 
 of the sailors, who had 'dealt out sneers and Jestin^-s in 
 nVmndanee' to their unknown ])a>s('nn-er. he a]>jie:i;<' 1 on 
 deck on the 8abhatli mornini;- in Ins ministerial cos- 
 tume. Not a few of his hearers we))t. while he preached 
 to them witii -unusual libeJ'tv.' llencefoi'wai-d on the 
 passau'e, the missionary, who hatl l.»een denied a j)late of 
 food wiiich a gentleman's servant was carrying- to liig 
 doics, and which he had, when ' insatiablv iiuui'-rv,' at. 
 tempted to appropriate, kicked nothing;-.. The company 
 thanked him for his sermon, and invited him that day to 
 dine Avith them, and jiresented him. on their arrival at 
 Falmouth, with se\ cral guineas as a token of resjtect.. 
 The militar}' office/ also oit'ered to entertain him at an 
 hotel in the town. 
 
 After his return to England, Creoi'ge Smitli labored in 
 variou.s circuits with good success. AVhile stationed at 
 Whitby, ho rendered material assistance to Method- 
 ism in Newfoundland, by visiting sevei-al Knglish circuits^ 
 and soliciting contributions in aid of the re-erection of 
 churches, destroyed l)y tire. lie tinishcxl his work in 
 1832.^ His brethren aid of him: 'His zeal in the 
 cause of Christ was ardent, ;uid his labors were abun- 
 dant. Ho had a vigoi'ous constitution, which he devoted 
 entirely to the service of the sanctuar}', and the glory of 
 God. 
 
 William Thorcsby retui-ned to England in lt08. He 
 had ontej'od the itinerancy in 1785. His talents wei'e 
 attractive, and his services in the colony were attended 
 by cro\vdod congregations. He died in 1807. His brethren. 
 
 ^ ' Wesleyan ]V[etlioilist Magazine,' 1833, p. 12. 
 
iidiiiLC. 
 n tlu' 
 ic I'ol. 
 
 emcnt 
 iii;'s in 
 ye 1 on 
 ,ll fOS- 
 
 eiichcd 
 ou the 
 )latu Of 
 to his 
 i-y,' ut- 
 inptmy 
 (hiy to 
 ival at 
 •OS pec t.. 
 11 at an 
 
 IN lyj^JWForyDLAyi) o,,. 
 
 .-".y llK,t l,i. ,ni„is„y l,n,l 1 ..,.„. ,.,.„w„.,| „i,h ,„„.l, 
 ^ .M > . smross, a,„la,l,l, 'W..l,„|„.|,,,,i,,|i,M|a.l„„..|■ 
 ll,om,•,s(u.c,^vhoso,mnu.„|,|«.M,■s in ,i,, M ,,,„,■ 
 
 ],n,s. ,n .-mnoctmn will, Ncwi;m,„lhn„l, nw,-,- „..rl,.,| 
 
 ''•■",;■"';:"■•■ .'"""■^■^i"-i"«-"fi7ii»..ia,„...ii„i|,i,,, ,„„,,, 
 
 ...■ k. h,sM„,u. i„ ,1,0 .Minul,.s nr ,1,., ,vv:,,.. aniv.,! .„ 
 y.H-"«u., a,„i took- ohargo ,„• ,|,, w,,.!. i„ C',„K.,.i,,i.,„ 
 
 )Oi'ed in 
 jncd at 
 \Ietliod- 
 .•ireuits^ 
 ;tion of 
 ^voi'k in 
 in the 
 ■e abun- 
 devoted 
 glory of 
 
 08. He 
 Ills were 
 attended 
 brethren 
 
U "i ' ■ 
 
 ■.l:\ii 
 
 CnWTVAl XL 
 :METii()Dis:\r rx tiik lowkt? rROvixcES, fkom the 
 
 COXFEKKNCK OF 170:5 TO THE EN1> 
 OF THE YEAR 17;i;i. 
 
 Return of scvi-ral Ministers to tlu' T^nited StatCfi. Thomas Wliite- 
 iicad. War l)i.'t\vi'C'n Fnniaml and Fraii(\'. Confi-rfnci' of I7'.M. 
 Tiu'odorc St'tli Hardin^'. \''isit of r>lack to Frinco Edward Is- 
 lam!. IJcv. Tlit'onliilus DrsUrisay. Arrival of Jc'ssoi> and 
 Stnck( t. -Jessop's trials in St. Jolin. Ijoyil's withdrawrd. Fidlrr's 
 a]»i>()iiitiiu'nt to Siu'tHcdd. Alexander McLood. Fidler at Anna- 
 polis. Confercnco of 17!»i). Return of the .Vnierlcan Freac!ier.s 
 to the United Statt's. Stations. I^xtraets from minutes of 17'.'.''>. 
 IJoyd's course. Jessop's death. Jesse Lee's visit to >reColl. 
 ]):ili(Miltie.s of travellini^. ]Mc'Coirs visit to the United States. 
 Mis ordination hy .Vshury. St. Stt'iihc!! ("'ircuit. Impre-sive 
 incident. Fidler's work on the St. John river. Revival at Eivcr- 
 pool and the adjoininj^ settlements. Joshua and Francis Xewton. 
 ( Conversion in the jail. Neil (^impliell. Confen-nce of 17'.h;. 
 Frederieton. Black at the General ('onfer nee. His faihire to 
 obtain laborers for the Provinces. Fidler at Liverpool and Shel- 
 burne. Conference of 17f>7. McColl in New Hrunswiek. Con- 
 lerence of 17'.).S. Black in X'ew Brunswick. McColl and the 
 ' Antinomians'. Work at St. Stephen. Re-admission of Cooper to 
 the Ministry, lieturn of Fidler t<j the L'uited States. His cliar- 
 actcr and sul)SC([uent life. Removal of Graudin. 
 
 The arrival of those ministers who readied Xonii 
 Scotia sooti after tlie eh)se of the I)altiinore Conference 
 did not increase the luiiuher of .Melhodist hiborors in the 
 LoAvei" Provinces. McColl and Grandin, who a]ipear in 
 the minutes of l7!>o ior the tii'st time, had been actively 
 employed for several yeai's ; while, on the other hand 
 the names of Re,u"an, Harley, Fislei', and Whitehead dis- 
 a]i])ear forever from Ihe jn'ovincial list. That of .Tessoj) 
 who had roturnod home, also disappears, but only foi- a 
 time. Ltite in the autumn of 1T9H, he wrote from Balti 
 more, to one of his lirother-itinerants, then at Liverj)oo! 
 • I hope to l.)e with you in the spring. 1 hope yet to see 
 
 ji, Aii, 
 
AV THE LOWKli rilOVJXCES, 
 
 L'lt? 
 
 t'/' 
 
 llu' land oi' Nova Scniia flamo witli tlic ii'!()i-\' ol'iind." ( )t' 
 
 Xt>va 
 
 ill the 
 oar in 
 •lively 
 liaii'l 
 1,(1 dis- 
 Ic'ssoi* 
 V lor :> 
 Ualti 
 
 M'])0«>1 
 
 l! 
 
 losi' who witlidrc'W tVoni the ju'oviiicial woi'k. nearly 
 
 eont iniied to make u'ood jirooj'of their niini>t I'y in t!ie 
 native or ado!»{ed eoiin'i-\-. The eai 
 
 'oer o 
 
 t Ka; 
 
 Iryh: 
 
 HM-n 
 
 trae^ 
 
 e.l in a ]ire\-ioiis cliapter. I' i-^ler I'einaMn- 1 intlie iiin- 
 erani-y unlii IT'.''^. and tlu'ii like many oldii> iu'ethr*')! at 
 the S)nth. located. I'eu'an's niinistr}' ended with hi^lit'e- 
 A 
 
 man of extensive I'eadinn', aMe to ll^e the male 
 h 
 
 als 
 
 jiresciw I hy ;; rcteiii i\'e memory :n I he i iln-'i-at ion nml 
 ent'oi'ceinent of the 1 1'lit lis of t ho ( io-^iu'l. ami, willia.k a 
 mild, jK'i'siiasive pi-eaehe!'. his niin'-tiy \va^ of an att.'ae- 
 t!\"e and suecessfiil characler. While o:i the Ik'llud 
 Cii'cuit. in AVost Jersey. Id-; la:-t station, ci'owds jollowrd 
 him iVoni one a;i])o;ntmeiii to another. 'Many. \rvy 
 ma.ny iVom iha.t reuaon' ri'mai'k's the author ol' •• Mciho- 
 disiii in West Jer>ey"" Avill ri.-e ii|( to call him hlc-'-cil in 
 theixi'cat da\'.' He ^vas sei.ied with \'ellow lever while in 
 J.-'hiladelphia. whei'e he died in Septeinher. ITI'T. ^rhomas 
 Whitehead mai'ried a woiahy huly in Xova Scotia, and 
 entered iiiio husincss. InlSdl hcsoiiu'lit re-adndssion into 
 the ('oniereiieo, but the nieml.ers of it saw lit to refii--e 
 eompiiance with his i'c(piest. in k'^Od he atlendeil the 
 New Yoi'k ('onfei'enee, uii<ler the an-j»!ces of which he 
 had tirst enlereil the ministry, and made an oifer (»f !iis 
 services, out tiic members of that ('i)iiference in view of 
 their tinanecs. and bis lai'u'e famih'. hesitated to r<'ceivo 
 luni. U])()n the intercession of Joseph Sawyer, howewi', 
 Asbury consented to I'eecive him u]»on trial, on eomlition 
 that he would accompany Sawyer to Canada. This ho 
 consented to do, tbouij;h consent involved a loni;- and 
 weary Journey of six v.Cc'ks in an oj)en boat.' The (piali- 
 tics whi(di. during- his >hort ministry in Xova Scotia. Iiad 
 soeured toi' him the esteem of those who knew him, won 
 
 1 ' Case and His Contemporaries' vol. 1, p. 132. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ■!• t 
 
2n^ 
 
 inSTORY OF MKTfrODISM 
 
 
 'i<: iiir 
 
 iiif 
 
 ti, 
 
 for him tlu'hii;'li i'cu::ii'<l of his (!;iiutili;iM hiTthrcii. With 
 a well ciiliivntcil iniii<l. i-ichly stoi'oil with u'oiioi'ul kiio\v_ 
 le.lLi'c; possessed of sii]>erior ])iil|)it talent, and of sound 
 jii iLcmoiit and h)yalty. he |>i'ovc I to l)e of invaluable ser- 
 vice to the Connexion in the chanii^es thi'ough which it 
 j>a>sc!d. He took a place on the list of superannuates in 
 ISI^, j»ut eontinued to labor as circumstances permitted. 
 Wlu'n his ]>hysical frame. ■ literally worn out. was 
 
 iiTaduallv siidvimj beneath the aeeumuliition of v 
 
 cars 
 
 md 
 
 labors, the viii'or of his intellect remtiine I unimi)aircil 
 hi- pi'.aee [)erfect, liis hope buoyant.' lie ])re;iehed for 
 the la>t time on Ohristmis, 184."). and died at the resi- 
 
 dence. 
 
 of his son at Brantford, in Januarv, 184(1.^ 
 
 Throuii^hout the period name^l at the head of this 
 chapter, the work in the L >wer Provinces wascari-ieil on 
 
 u 
 
 n.ler the supe 
 
 rintendence ot" Black, now reinstated in 
 
 ]ii> position as presidini;- elder, ov ' (leneral Assistant,' 
 in accordance with the earnestly ex[)ressed "wi-hes of his 
 brethren. At tirst no circuit was assigned him; it was 
 ex|)ected that his time would be fully occupied in visitini;- 
 the different parts of the tield. The society in Halifax al- 
 b)Wed him a house as a residence foi- his family, but hi.s 
 '(puirterajj^e' wa.s provided l)y an assessment upon several 
 of the circuits, a lari^'e proi)ortion of which was allotted 
 to Halifax. After a time the [Kiucity of laborers ivnder- 
 l his appointment to a circuit a necessity. He then 
 
 ed 
 
 took (diarge of the Halifax ciix-uit. and sought to per. 
 form his duties as Superintendent, by means of tre(]uent 
 exchanges. Frecjuent ti-aces of his presence ai'c to lie 
 found throughout this period in almost all part^i of the 
 
 1 
 
 )rovincuu a\ 
 
 ork. 
 
 The influences at that period in the ascendant wore 
 i'alculate<l in an unusual degree to hinder the growth of 
 
 -Canailian Mh.utcs, 184(J. 
 
7.V THE LOWER PROVrXCES. 
 
 2Tin 
 
 ant,' 
 )f his 
 was 
 
 IK ul- 
 
 il his 
 tvertil 
 
 ottod 
 
 Mider- 
 
 tl\cn 
 
 (luent 
 to he 
 
 lot" the 
 
 wcvo 
 Kvth o£' 
 
 11 
 
 w 
 
 IC Wi) 
 
 •k (){' (i()(l. Wai' l»et\vooii lOiiirlaiid ami I'l-aii 
 
 CO 
 
 as (U'clared liv the li'ovoi'nineiit of tho latter eouiili'V, 
 
 eai'iv m 
 
 1 VXi 
 
 »e 
 
 ace was not itsIoi-cmI until ISO], 
 
 Dui'ini:; tlu^ interveiiiiiL!; years, the exeitoineiit in'cvailhii;' 
 ill Ilalit'ax. in conseiiuence of the jH-esonce of laru'elxxlirs 
 ot'ai'nu'il men. and the arrival and dejJiii'Mire of iTui>ris ; 
 and the aijitated state of the settlements on the const, 
 ctuised hy tho aetual, or rejjoi'ted nearness of hostile 
 ships; with the almost total destruction of the trade with 
 the West Indies, and the attempted re])risals on the 
 enemy's commerce, by means of ])i'iva tee I's fitted out in 
 provincial jtoi-ts, were calciUated to make men heedless 
 of eternal interests. 
 
 At the (Conference of lTr>4, whi(di was commenced at 
 ITorton on the (Jth of June, ei,<i;ht ministers wei'c present. 
 Tlu' nuudier of mcmbei's i-eported, including twenty from 
 the Island of Prince Rdwai'd. was eleven hundred. — an 
 increase of one hundred and eleven during tlie year. 
 ' Aftei" communing togethei',' says one of the preachers 
 preseid, 'we parted in love.' 
 
 An event of interest, connected witli tlie Conference 
 of 171^4, was the introduction into the ministry of a 
 youth whose name is worthy of rcmem1)rancc Ity all in- 
 tcrestcd in tho religious history of the Lower Provinces, 
 l»at especially by the ministry and memhershii) of tho 
 Ba]>tist churches. Theodoi-e Soth Harding, wliose name 
 and face arc familiar to some who may read these pages, 
 was a member of a family possessing nure than the 
 average of intellectual power. lie was liorn in 1773 at 
 Bari'ington, to which ])lace his father, one of the earliest 
 settlors in the township, had removed from one of the 
 New England colonies. The father was a man of influ- 
 ence in the Congregational Church ; but the son at an 
 early ajj-e became one of the first fruits of Methodism at 
 
 ;ii 
 
 i 2 ; 
 
 t::i 
 
rrs?''mmm^m 
 
 'U' 
 
 §§P^^ 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 'J I 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 ■ ; ■ 
 
 1 
 
 ) 
 
 ■1 ■ 
 
 ! j i 
 
 
 sli 
 
 'III' 
 
 300 
 
 j//STOfiY OF jurri/onisji 
 
 H'dvv\u<j;t(m. Tlii-oiiu'lioiif life he ac'siiowUvln-cd Jmiucs 
 .M;iiiii to l)L' his • siiii-inial latlu'r.' While \'<'t .. \'(»iith. 
 Ihc <'ai iiestnoss with whidi he I'l'^oiniiu'inhMl <<» otjici's 
 tliiit (i()s|)('!, throiii;'h which he himself rDiiiwl joy, :iit '•;!(•- 
 tc'il the attention of his iici^'hhoi's ; and in his jiiihlic 
 |t,'ayci'> and aiMre^ses his senioi's saw smdi esidenecs of 
 tah-n!, and pi'onii -e of iisct'ulness, as to h'ad them to ije- 
 sire a widei" lield foi' the exe:'('ise of !iis alt:lilie<. ()i!e of 
 tljuse. Saninei Oshoiau^ Doane. in a note addressed to 
 Daniel I'idle!-, stationed in [iivei'pixd in iT-'o. in wlii'di In- 
 asks for a visit from th;i! ministei'. speak's of yoiino- 
 Ilai-dini;', as ' a youiiLC man oi' our society, who lead^ an 
 cvenin;;' met'tinu" in one ]t:irl of this town;' and adds, 
 ' 1"'his young man sends his love to yon. lie has u,-real 
 imjx e-^sions. js constrained to call sinners to repentance, 
 and is very desii-oiis of lia\'in^' some conveisjitioii with ;i 
 ]»i'ea(diei' of f he (rospel.' in the course of a few \ree!<s 
 I'"'idle:' ]iaid the <lesireil visit to r>ari'in<;-|on, and li.'diini;,' 
 in t he evenini;' at Shelhui'iie. on his homeward journey, 
 wrote in Ills joiii-nal : " I i^'ot safe to Shtdhui'iie. with a 
 3'OiinL;* njan, Tliody ITardinu'. lie he/i'ins to ])i-each and 
 exhort, and is vorv zealous for (rod. I trust that he will 
 be veiy usel'ul. Some have heen aAvakened iindiU' him 
 already. O, that (lod may kee]) him, and make him a 
 pastor after liis own heart. In the sjirini!; of 171'4 he 
 spent a month witli Fidler at Jiiverpool, wliere Ids i'nd- 
 (juent sei'iiions were listened to hy laru'e and interested 
 audionees. By the mend)ers of the ('o)d'ei'encc he was 
 that summer welcomed as a fellowdaborer, and a]>i»oint- 
 ed to the llorton Circuit. Jlis immediate connection 
 with their work was, liowevei', of shoi't thiratioii. Ai the 
 head-(piarters of his circuit Calvinistic opinions i)revailed 
 extensively. The prevalence of these opinions among a 
 people with ^vhom he was brought into frecpicnt contact, 
 
 
fX TJIE LOWER Ph'OVLVES. 
 
 ;ol 
 
 
 an' 
 \vi 
 
 11 
 
 him 
 iiu ;i 
 k he 
 frc- 
 
 [C(l 
 
 Loin 
 
 t- 
 
 •tion 
 
 the 
 
 illetl 
 
 itlK't, 
 
 iiiiil tlu' l>ias wliich a niiiid in>i»rcs>iM(' :i> lii> lia<l I'ccfiv- 
 cd IVkIi! his early t fainiiii;' aiacni;' the ( 'uii;;"i'e^atioiiali»t ' 
 at l*ai'rlii;j,"tt)ii, k'<l hiin i)(,'l()i'o thot'losi-ot' the yeai' lo i^ivc 
 jtroiiiiiii'iicr ill his scnnoiis to \-ie\vs at variance (Villi liic 
 ilocl filial ,^tan(iar(ls of the church. I'oi- the ministi-yMf 
 wiiicji lie was a jii'ohalioiK.'!-. His lije'.hrea iiislitiite'l an 
 iii(|iiii'\'. and tliulini;' liis opinions to he in acc<»r<huice with 
 liis I'ejiorled utteiances, iiidi^'cil ii !ie>t thai a sejiaratioii 
 should take i>lace. His naiiic iiui'etore ai»|)eai"ed Id the 
 .Minnies of t jiu followiiii;' \'e;ii\ in a lis we i- to the iiiie-tioii 
 'Who Ji;i\'e heeii exiduded from t he connexion '.•'" JJiij-in:; 
 the same year he was reciv/ed into the I'ajitisl chiireh 
 at Jhirtoii. and in the following- year oi'ijained ].':!'ioi- 
 over I hat (dun-ch, as I he -iicce.-sor of \ich(jlas I'oar-on. 
 Anion.;' tlic liaptisls he hecaine a leader. A wiatci' tijiou 
 the'.:- iiistoiy calls liini the ' I>oanei'i.;-es' of Iheii- early jm-o- 
 •sincial churches, — 'a hi,i;ddy eioiiueiit and jiojaihn' iiiinis- 
 tei'." \vlio prohahh' did iiiOit> ndssionarv worl< in all tli;x-e 
 of the Provinces llian an\' other oi' the hand of Itretlnvn 
 to A\ hieh lie -oerlained.' •' In h^.").') lie lini.-died hi.-- w^'i-jc 
 decdarinu-. • J want nothing;' nioi-e, nothing hut ihc .,'d. 
 solid, tii'n\ foundation ; I. die in the iaitii.' It i> a j.lea>- 
 ni'c to know, that, while a thorough I>a]>tisl in -.-nti- 
 )nei;t. and attaelied with an unwaveiing attachment to 
 that hranch ot'tho Chui'ch in the ministry of wjii'di the 
 host years of liislifb were s])ent, and out of which, with 
 his ]ieculiar mental oharactei'istios, he could .'^cai-cely 
 have lieen ut home, Theodore S. Harding chci-ished a 
 warm regard for those through whose ministry he had 
 heen led to Christ, and under whose auspices he had heen 
 introduced into his life-work. ' Do you ever regret hav- 
 ino; left the Methodists?' said an intinnite Methodi>t 
 
 ■'' J. W. Nuttiiig, Esq., in- preface to Davis' ' Life and Tiuicfc 
 of Haxri^ Harding.' 
 
 ' >\ 
 
?m 
 
 niSTonv or meiiiodism 
 
 fViciiil, l.cfwccn wli'iiii i;ii(l Iiini-^oll" tliciv W;is :i i.icil 
 JiU'iTriiu'iil to (lillV-r. • ( )li I ' was t lie I'fjtly, 'don't ht u» 
 s;iy Miytliiii;i; alxdit tliat. I io\t' voin- people, aii'l I lovo 
 Voiii' liviiiiis.' .Meilio<li'»ts may \vv\ a ccitaiii (Icuict.' oj' 
 sati>iactioii in having- callcfl into the ranks one wlioni >IiC 
 Avas oMi^ed. nevertli(I("<s. in accoi-dancc! with lier stand- 
 ards ot' doctrine, to dismiss.— tor stM'vico in anotljcr 
 l»attillion of tlie lio>t of the living (rod. 
 
 In tlu' autumn of IT'.'l. Hi;i(d< rcacdicd tlic Island of 
 I'finco lOdward in a sinall vessol \vln(d\ N'atlianaid Wi-itiLt 
 and one of his rolalions had tak'cii across tho Sti-ail-. 
 in order toi'onvt'V him thithor. Joshua Xovvton, a|)]»ointc"i 
 Colk'i'tor of (.'iistoins f.^/rthc Ishind. had taken idiai-p' «tf 
 a (dassof si.K or seven meiiihers who met at the hon>e of 
 Jienjamin ('ha])|)ell, and had pi-epared the way for Jihidc 
 hy liis pul)lie a<ldrcsses. J^laek's reeeption at C^liarlotte- 
 town was of a pleasing- character. The (Joveriior, (V>1. I'.-iii- 
 iiiii'i:, upon whom lie waited soon after liis arrival, sjioke 
 in kind terms of Wesley and his ])eo|)le, and otfcreci liin) 
 the use of the unfinished church. On tho foliowiiiif 
 Sahhath evcniiiif the Secretary and the Attorney (JeneraJ 
 listened to him there. The clericyman of the jiarish also 
 called upon him in a friendly spirit. Xo sjiecial work 
 followed this visit to Charlottetown. At its close lie 
 called upon the Governor to thank him for the rise of the 
 church. ' lie expressed' says ]ilack * much frien<lshiji. 
 and others to assist us if we will erect a chaiiel,' TIk-! 
 visit to Tryon was attended with more yatisfactoi-y ih*- 
 •sults. An * Antinomian' preacher, following on (frandin's 
 track, had done much harm there, but Joshua XewtonV 
 discourses at Charlottetown, heard by the wife ol' 
 Nathanael Wright, treasured in her niein!»ory, and i'e]>eat<?(l 
 to her husban<l on her return to her horae, had acted as 
 a partial check to tho progress of erroneous O])inions,* 
 ♦ Wesleyan Methodist Magazine' 1825, p. 790. 
 
TS THE io\vi:n riioVlXCKS. 
 
 ;().•] 
 
 01-11 1 
 
 also 
 
 • I'K 
 
 nc 
 
 \\ 
 
 ic 
 
 111]!. 
 
 Th<5 
 - ].(>- 
 
 lin'rt 
 
 > oi' 
 tiled 
 il a* 
 
 Oil liis arrival llicri'. in Mi-, AVi'ijilir> vcs^^'l. Hlack loiiii'l 
 a iiiiiiiln.'r i»!'t'|>ar('i| to r<'(i'ivc the tiiitli. I'liriii;;- 'In- tii>t 
 Saliiiatli of lii.N visil, 1 woiity iiitidc a|i]ilital ion lor elm; r|i- 
 iiu'iiiii(.'i'slii|i. Ml' liapti/A'd Mr. \Vi'i;:lil aii<l lii-> rliil.l; ni, 
 ruriiu'd a class wliicli cont iiiiu'il lu tiitci xmilarK, a»l- 
 iuinistcr('(l the Lord's Siii»|>er. and t. <'ii rcturiH'd i(. iln> 
 niaiiiiaiitj. 
 
 'riico|»hiliis lK'>Hi'isay. llu' rector o|' tlio |(ari>li of 
 Cliarlotti', who paid Black a friendly \ i>il. was tlic only 
 I*rotcvt;iiit luiiiistoi' ill the island. Throuuh the ahlc liiid 
 wiriicst niinisl "x' of hi.s son and u'rand-son, the iiaiiif ol' 
 Dcslirisay ha. hcfonio a household iianu' anionic- the 
 AFcthodists of many circuits in the IiO\\»'r l'ro\iiifes. 
 The rector had reached the island in 177.'). Ulack luard 
 liim deliver u ' plain, honest discourse,' wliich seemed to 
 show a lack of a ' clear conception of tlu! nature of reu"ne- 
 ration.' The inference was not unjust. Lik*' manv others, 
 lie had entered tlie ministry with no (dear coiicejition (tf 
 its duties and res]»onsihilities. At a later jteriod, w hen 
 conversing with Dr. Keir ot the Preshyierian Chiireh, 
 vepectinii^ his i'eli<:;ious experience prior to his ordination 
 he H.aid ; ' The bishoj) asked nie if 1 had receivi-d the Jloly 
 (J host. Pool' Desbrisay had not so much as heard 
 whethei- there be any Jloly (Jhost.' His intimaey 
 with ministers of other branches of the Churcdi, 
 a naturjil result of his iraidc and kindly dis' 
 ])(i)sition, proved to be a Itlessin*;" to him. When t>c 
 himself had been led into (dearer li;.iht, he became ji 
 bold and fearless })reac]ier, jirepared to rejii'ove the sins 
 which prevailed among all classes of the community, 
 even when his faitlifulncss gave offence in high ([uartei-s, 
 and to his own relations. His love of good men was not 
 limited to any one section of the Chuirh, nor was the 
 manifestation of that love ])revented by ecelesiast ica 
 
n :!■ 
 
 I I i 
 
 S:-' 
 
 ! :;:.'^ i .ilftli 
 
 304 
 
 mSTOBY OF METirOBISM 
 
 I'uIl's. Pilac'lc's suc'c'ossoi's found in liiin ;i IVioinl : nii'l 
 Jariios Mac'Cri'c'goi'. to v.'lioin ho oxtoiKlcd a Jiearly wcl- 
 coiin' oil Ills jirst visit to tlio island, writes rc'Sj)rctiiii;' 
 liini: " His kindnrss oinU'd not — Imt with liis lill'.' '^ 
 
 The ministers who attended, the ( 'oiiferonce had .>nly 
 taken h'avcofeucdi other, when dessop aii;ain himU'd at 
 SheUmrne. With him came Iiicdiard Stiteket, a y.iuiiL;- 
 jii'e.'.chei'. whose name was I'amiiiar to several Melliodi>is 
 (d'lhehist i^'eiieration at ]>al•:■in^■to!l and ( *a})e Xe<j;r(> 
 AvhvTe he hdnjrefl with success (hiring;,' ids sliori slay in 
 the ])i'ovinee. Jussoji proceeded to St. Jolm, and looiv 
 eliai'^'o of the AVoi-Jc there, duriuL!,- tliat yeai'. In the 
 aiiiuinu Iv. visiied 3IcColl at St. Stejiheii and St. 
 Andrew's, and then ivluriieil, 'nearly worn uut with 
 traveliini;- and ]>i"ea(diinu\' to his lietidijuarters in tlie 
 city. Already, disease was uiiderminini!; his liealth. and 
 exertiiiii; adoprcssiui;- intlueiice upon him, in the ])i'e-enco 
 ot'ditHeulties, with whicdi only a man j)Ossessed ot'a full 
 fc^hare of ])hysieal and mental \'igor could siiccesst'ully 
 i4"ra])ple. lie did not wholly escape the oi)|)ositi()ii to 
 Methodism vrhich for ii niimher ofye;irs was manifested 
 in St. John. A eon\])laint ai;-ainst him for p!-eachin^- 
 Avlihoiit a license was lodi;\'d in the otlice of the Clerk of 
 the Peace. That otlicial, however, met him in a spirit 
 very ditl'erent from that in which he had met Black, three 
 years before, under similar circumstances ; and in answer 
 to Jessop's statement that he could not take the oa.tli of 
 allei^iaiice, and must retire from the province, if he could 
 remain on no otlier condition, assured him that lie wouUl 
 not prosecute him, and that an a])])licatioii for a license 
 would prevent any further dilliculty. In tlie view of 
 every faithful pu.stor, peace within the walls of Zion will 
 compensate for much o])position from without. Unfor- 
 
 ■' Patterson's ' Memoir of James MacGrcgor, D. D.' p. 210. 
 
IS THE LOWER PROVIXCES. 
 
 W. 
 
 sA- 
 
 ivily 
 ;l at 
 
 ly in 
 
 ,1 St. 
 wliH 
 
 h. anil 
 
 a lull 
 st'llllV 
 
 tunatrlv 
 
 lO 
 
 il Iv 
 
 .U'd 
 
 ■M-\\\\ 
 
 'loi-k 
 
 : of 
 Irlt 
 
 ihv 
 
 CO 
 
 a us\v Cl- 
 
 io 
 
 .1.1 
 
 \\\ 
 
 U of 
 ould 
 ,-oviUl 
 
 li 
 
 conf^c 
 
 viow o 
 
 f 
 
 on ^vl 
 
 U 
 
 Unfov- 
 
 >10. 
 
 J. 
 
 ;li'i::t"' CO 
 
 siu'li peace did not al)onnd in tlie cliiu'cli. 
 )u-fOi;-ati()ns, attracted liy liis style of ]>rea(dun<j; 
 ;nid his jiloasant voice, listened to the ])astoi'; hut it 
 seemed to him that liis iailinL;: strength was being s])ent 
 Tor naaii'Iit. Iv.irlv in the sprinij;. Jio resolved to tak'c 
 
 fth 
 
 e eity and jjroee 
 
 d to Westmorcdand, -wdiero he 
 
 leave o 
 
 thought he might he moi-c ii->et'uh Witli this intention 
 he sent for his eolh'tigue at Shetli^dd, engaged his j>as- 
 sage. ;ind made |)rej)aration tordeparture. .ILis eolleague, 
 on his ari-ival in tlie city, liappily succeeded in changing 
 iiis resolution, and in persuading liim to remain to the 
 end of the Conference year. 
 
 James Boyd, appointed to SJieflield as Jossop's col- 
 league, withdrew from the ministi-y in the early aiitnmn, 
 and ' located'. Pressing leiters wei-e therefore sent to 
 Fidler. who, after s])tMiding two weeks at Annapolis, had 
 gone to Xew York to receive ordinatiim, requesting him 
 to return as soon as ])Os>ilile. and take charge of the work 
 on the river. Jvirly in December he reached St. John, 
 and after a brief rest ]n'oceeded on his journey to Shef- 
 field. His first halting ]ihice was at the house of Mr. 
 Davis at Long Eeach, a lavoi-ite home of the itinerants, 
 where during the vear Je^sop and he met to encauraire 
 each other. There he preaehcil twice on the Sabbath. 
 Some of his brief notes of travel have been preserved.. 
 'Mon(iay,' he writes, ' I set off for Sheffield and arrived 
 there on Saturday*. I suffered more in travelling than 
 ever in my life before. January 1st, 1705, I sot off for 
 St. Aim's. The next day I arriveil there, and waited 
 upon His KxccUency the Governor. lie gave mo his ap- 
 probation to preach. Blessed be God, I liave full liberty.' 
 Fidler's time was almost equally divided between Fred- 
 ericton, Sheffiield and Xashwaak, and in each place a 
 measure of success attended his labors. Daring hid 
 
LX TILE LOWER PllOmXES. 
 
 iOT 
 
 \vr);-I\- ill ilint circuit ;it thai period. Ancr loaviuij," AViiid- 
 
 crciuH', ami s])ci!(liiiL;' a iiiu'Iit 
 
 soi- at the close of the ( ";)iii 
 at ("ornwuUis witli Captain Iwtwcii. whose house Ii.-mI hecii 
 foi' yeai's a preacjiiii^' place as well as a liotne for 
 
 ]»i'oceeile(l lowanls his station at 
 
 ll 
 
 le 
 
 itmei'an 
 
 t-. 1 
 
 le 
 
 nnaiiol 
 
 .liiiie 1.-th. I i^'ot safe." he sa^•s. -to oui" 
 
 }'()(» 
 
 .1 t 
 
 i'IcikI Mv. lv)nnett"s at Aiinaiioli 
 
 2l1th. I 
 
 d at ( 
 
 n, 
 
 ;iptaiii liUli 
 
 near 
 
 oar 
 
 1 
 
 [•'oiiiid the class niiudi alive to (Jod. I lia\'e liardly 
 seen siudi a time of powis- since I cnnie to Nova 
 Scotia. I added two to the (da-<. .Iiilv KMli. janies 31aiiii 
 came, Sunday, l.'ith. we held a (piai'terly ineetinu' at Mr. 
 Whitehead's, at (li'an\ille. We had t he saci'a.nient and 
 a \i.'vy comfortahle time, l(itli. J ])rea(died at a Mr. 
 Shaw's, ten miles helow Annapolis, ^idie Lord was pre- 
 sent. Several wore niueh aifectel. (ilory to (iol. 1 
 ti'usi my lahors are not in ^■ain on this circuit. 1 sei' a 
 i;'oo(J pi'ospcct. and feel my soul more and nioi'e i^'iven up 
 to (iod an<l JIi> woid<. Auii;ust 22iid. went down to 
 
 to (<od an<l Jli> woi'k. Auii;ust z2iid. went down to 
 J)l,i;'l'y. Jfeai-d Mr. Viets. the ehurcii miiUNtei'. The ]ieo- 
 ple wanteil me to preach, hut as my time was short. J 
 exhorted at .Mr. JJay's. 1 had satisfaction in conversini;- 
 with the ])eo|>le. and several invitations to \d>it them. 
 Fidler was followed at Annapolis l)y (irandin. wdio 
 diiriiii;' the coui'se ot' the ne.xt sprini;' prestuiled a fa\dx'- 
 able repoi't of the jiro^'ress of the work of (iod. 
 
 Tiie Conference of 171*.") was hold at Windsoi'. which, 
 from its central ])f)sition. was froquoiitly selected to ho 
 tlio seat ot the eai'ly ('(Uiferences. Of the snuiU ndiiis- 
 terinl statt* tlien in the ])roviiices, foui-. at least, were 
 ahsont : .Tames .Mann and Ouncan 3rc('oll. in the rniled 
 
 ahsont : .Tames .Mann and Ouncan 3rc('oll. in the rniled 
 States; with William .Jessop and Daniel Fidlei-, detaine<l 
 l»y tlie slow movements of the ]){iokot running hetween 
 St. Jolin and Dii-hv, until too hito to mectthejr ^jrctjiron 
 
 :r !■ 
 
! ; 
 
 1. '' I i 
 
 L 
 
 308 
 
 HISTORY OF METIIODISM 
 
 tit AViiidsoi". The exclusion of llardin<;-, the withdrawal 
 of Boyd, and the return to the United States, soon after 
 the Conference, of Jesso]> and Lunsford, reduced the- 
 niinibei" of preaeliers to eiiiht, and j-endered tlie pro])ei' 
 .su])|)Iy of the circuits an ini[)ossiI)ility. The shoi't list 
 of stations was as follows: Halifax — AV^illiain Black; 
 Liverpool — James Mann ; tShell)urne — Ilichard Stocket ; 
 Xewport — John Maim ; Cumberland — Benjamin "Wilson ; 
 Annapolis — William (Irandin ; Xew Brunswick — Daniel 
 Fidler and Duncan McColl. In connection with tlie list of 
 circuit appointments was placed the name of William 
 Black, as Presidinii; Elder. The number of members in 
 the Societies, exclusive of those in Xew Brunswick, 
 wdicnce no returns were received, was seven hundred and 
 fifty-three. 
 
 The Minutes of 1705 were printed in the form of a 
 four-pao'c tract.. The ministers are urged to ' regularly 
 appoint' and 'scrujnilously attend' Quai-tcrly meetings, at 
 each of which a collection is to be taken up. Aji annual 
 subscription is to be rcsorte<-l to, when necessary. Tn 
 the rules respecting the Quarterly meetings, official de- 
 signations occur, to which the ears of provincial Method- 
 ists of to-day are unaccustomed.. 'If the Presiding El- 
 der' it is said, ' cannot possibly be present, and there be 
 no Elder nor Deacon in the circuit, let the neighboring 
 Elder or Deacon attend, and diligently cnquii-e into the 
 temporal and spiritual state of the society.' The preach- 
 ers are also counselled to meet the classes as frequently 
 as possible ; to renew the class-papers regularly ; to ap- 
 point prayer-meetings wdierever they are practicable ; 
 strictly to attend to the rules respecting pastoral visita- 
 tion, ' which rules,' it is stated, ' have been much neglect- 
 ed ;' vehemently to exhort believers to grow in grace and tO' 
 go on unto perfection ;. und. to use diligence in the circu- 
 
 ?l li 
 
ly THE LOWER PROVlXrES. 800 
 
 ^P»ff!l? 
 
 bo 
 
 ap- 
 3le; 
 sita- 
 
 lutioii of AVosley's and I'^Ietclioi-'s writinu'^. "vvliicli ;iro 
 said to liavo done ' mneli li'ood in vai-ious jilaci's." Jn iIk* 
 alisoice ofa i'orinal • Pastoral Address,' certain qiu'stions 
 and aiiswoi'.s rclatiiiii; to ]ii'oniinont ]>oiiits of docirino, 
 and intended, it, is evident, for the eve of tlie ])ul)rK'. 
 arc inserted. ' Ar,tiiioinianisin." is set forth as the 
 (lireet o]){)oiieiil of Methodism oi* ' hcartdioliness." '^.Ml 
 the other devices of Satan, for these sixMy yeais." it is 
 said, ' liave done far It'ss. in l"]iii'o]ie and Amei'iea, 1o- 
 ■\vards >to])])inu,' the woi'lv of ( l(>(L than that siiiL:!e (hse- 
 trine. It stril-ces ;it the root of "salvation i'v^r.]] sin." 
 jirevions to L;'lory. jHiltinLi; the inattei'on (piite anoihcr 
 issue.' ' Wherein,' it is a>ked, 'are the eharnis of this 
 doctrine? AVhat makes men swallow it so u'reediiy '.■'" 
 Jl is answei'ed ; ' 1st, it seems to inaii'ifify Chri-I. Lind. 
 it is hiu'hly jileasini;* to eorru]>t nature— to all th;it is 
 ■tai'iKil in our hearts; the doetriue of ahsojule. uncoiidi- 
 lional ])e:'se\'eranee, in j)artieu!ar.' 
 
 AVe trace, hrielly, (lie cai'eer of tlio-(^ whov^ n:uiH'-; 
 at tliis ])eriod disappear from the i»rovinc':;! Ijvt. Hoyd, 
 Avho, diirini;' the ]'.revious year, had withdrawn fr<>m the 
 inlnistiy, had nut. ly that act, sui-ju'ised liis fi'dln'cn. 
 w\\<) had stood in donht of him. In ]~'ji). he eauscd .-omc 
 eoid'usioii in Shellield, hy an attempt to oftain the 
 ])a-^toralo of the C:)ngreu;alional eliureli in llial place; 
 l.uit, ihouixh sustained in his application i»y a nundicr of 
 ])ersons comiected with the eoni;-reu,"ation. he failed in 
 his efi'ort. ;ind I wo years latiM'. returned iothc Tniti'd 
 Slates. Pre\'iou-<!y to liis v.'ithdi-awal from the itiner- 
 ancy he had married, an<l mai-riairo at that day. when 
 juinisterial allowances weic e.vci-e iinii'ly small, and 
 extrenu'ly uiu-ei'lain. f:-"(p!en!ly involved eai'ly I'ctire- 
 jnent from the actix'e r.anks. 'So it is,' wrote Je->oj), in 
 roforenee to IJovd's withdrtiwal, to a broth<'i' itinerant, 
 
 
 I !ii 
 

 
 Ill 
 
 Mild 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
/.v Til]-: ij) ]]'!■:/; rnoiiyr/: <, :;ii 
 
 ^r'" '• 
 
 aiue 
 \i lu> 
 
 ■uin- 
 ;ivt 
 It'or iv 
 
 a the 
 I we IV' 
 
 fell t!i;it Iiis (!;iys Were n'.MiilH'i'C' I. A lew .l;iy> llt'lcr. lie 
 I lie;! ill t rill 111 ji!i. I -x (•!;:! Ill ill :;•. ■•My WM.'k is done ! ( ilory ! 
 (i loi'y I'" ! I !■- li!>i|y \v;i-> liiii'ic 1 ill iIk' u'r;i\'e-y;ir<l eoiiliecttMl 
 \\:i!i niielinrs eliiipcl, ;i( which, in aecoivhiiiee wilh his 
 liyiiiU' ie|He>!. A^hil,'\' :ir!e;'\v;i;'<l> ]>r(\ie!ie(l a riiiiei'al 
 sc'iii'iii.' " A! I he (•!()>(' of ; !ic >(,';'viee. Asliiiry v/i'nte in 
 hisjounial: •! ha'! iii\ i!iln<ai!i ic , in sjx'al^iiiu; ol' a man 
 SI) Well l<!ii>\vn, am! -•!> maeh l^elove!. lie ^\■as al\va}'s 
 SMU'iiui; aii'l I'ew sueli lioly. sleaily liieii \\:[\v we roiiiid 
 aiil'iiii;- u>.' .K'->c- Le,'. tlie j't.'UiH lei" of >U't hoilislii in N,\'\\' 
 i"]M:j.'lani!. wlm •i^Teatly Idw^I" iiini. went owi' liis i^'rave. 
 wlieii. ti\H' years lalei-. he |trraeluM! in IJoehnrs ('haiii'I. 
 A iiole wi'iiicii l.y tlie liaml of a t'rieii(!. ami si^au'd hy 
 Jossn]) hini-'elr a lew (lay> hei'ori' ileal h. eoiiveys a rei|iR'>t 
 to one of his excentors. illiist rat i\'e of the sinijilieity ami 
 ]) ive ".y o!' the niiai-l/y ol" thai 'lay. • 1 will." il was 
 Nvi'ilteii. 'that my wearing:,' aiipan'l he <'ari':eil to the 
 ( ieiK'i'al (' )nie;'e:iee at l)allimo;\' lu-xi ; ami ilia i i In- same 
 he (list I'iluileil amonii" the ju'etiehei's t hat slaml most in 
 m-ed ot'ii.' 'I'his a])]ie'!idix to iiis will. '>vas j)romi>leil. it 
 is ])!'ohahle. hy the reeoHection. that to his hi'dhren In- 
 was indehled I'oi' ijieouttit. which a slevn taiher had 
 ilenied him at the coinmeiicemeiit of his mini-a ry. 
 'I'hrouu'houl all parts of Nova Scotia ami A'ew iSiuns- 
 \viclc. wlierc he had hocome widely Icnown. lait, in 
 part i ell la 1'. in llaliiax. wlicre lie liad hetai closely eonneet- 
 {' 1 with the (.Teetioii of the " ( 'liapel Zoar." and where Im 
 liad heon the au'ent in the '.•,)!i\-^.,-,-,ioii of niimhcrs. ilic 
 news of his early dcjiai'iui'e iVoni the: Chiii'cli militant 
 ]»rodiiced a jirofoiind iiir)re--sion. 
 
 3Ic<'o!l. during- the sumnic:- of IT'-'.'), received ordina- 
 lion from l)!slioj) Admry. at New London. Conn. A 
 nicssai;\\ which .lessee Ja'c. the heroic ap.oslleolAMelho- 
 
 " ' Boehmn's Kcuiiniscciiee^," p. '26. 
 
 :'l 
 
 i 
 
Il 
 
 
 fill 
 
 1 
 
 'liiir 
 
 
 !,» d; f 
 
 : ' 'i i 
 
 i 1 j 
 
 
 II;. .r:^ 
 
 'il 
 
 H iH 
 
 fit' 'ffl il 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 312 
 
 HISTORY OF METIfODISM 
 
 disin ill tlio Eastern States, carried in person to the liome 
 of MeColl at St. Sie])ln'n. eaiised tlie absence of tlio 
 latter from the meetinir of his hreth-en at "Wiiidx)]'. 
 .FronTi liis head-quarturs at Lynn, at tiie most inclLiiicnt 
 season of the year, and when the travellin«j; ^v;l^ of a 
 most forbiddiiii^ eharaeter. Loc set out on one <>i his 
 evangelical tours through the \vintiy' \vi!doi':,o-s of 
 Maine, and at the l»eginning of ,\[ay readied the fnnitie:- 
 line of Xew Brunswick. A descen(hint of a [lionetT .-elt k-r 
 of ]\raine, whose assistance enahled. Lee to pass a iWriu- 
 idalde river wddcli crossed liis route, gives a giajiiiie 
 description of some of the difficulties encountei'ed l-y the 
 messenger. 'AVith two horsrs, one to ciwry thf two 
 hundred and fifty pounds of Leo, and the other to li(\'ir 
 his baggage,' says the narrator. ■ \\v reaeluMl Mange ;•. over 
 oxecral)le roads, miles of which were coi'duroy, that is, 
 logs laid side i»y side, and no oai'th Hj)on tlu'in. J'^rom 
 Bangor he proj)osed to go to Now Ih-uuNWick'. Vj\i\ \\\\ai 
 a wilderness must be ti-avci-x^-d to rc;ich tli;i{ ])oinl I ''.fhe 
 most of the wav, the road inu.-t have been oidv ■ b;:>he I 
 out,' as it is tei'med, and impassal)le, excej)! by single 
 horses, in summer, '• Ojtenings " must have been veiy 
 rai'e. Rut he girds up liis loins, and prepares his hor>es 
 f(;r the ])ei"iIoas feat. It'-- .Jordan does not roll lictwccn,"' 
 the Penobscot does, which answers just as wvll ior an 
 obstacle, it cannot be forilcd Jait i( can easily ih-at an 
 ocean steamer. ]le does not like sv.-imming his liorses 
 over, as it would exhaust them, ami t!ioi\ is no chanco 
 for rest upon tlie o]>po.-ite shore : he must ])lunge al once 
 into the desert for a twi-ii! v-tive mile ride to h]lls\v()rth, 
 l»ut there was no boat thci'c of sullicieiil I'^nnage to float 
 a horse. I'or a long time it was debated. Could he not 
 go round the river? Not easilv ; as at one end ai'e the 
 wilds of Canada, and at the other tlic Atlantic ocean.' 
 
ly TJiJ'j LOW I-: II pjiovryrKS. ;;i3 
 
 ■^.— r^ 1 ! 
 
 vory 
 
 V an 
 It tin 
 
 lauco 
 oucc 
 
 ./Ol'lll, 
 
 , fic-ll 
 
 ic not 
 I'c ll;o 
 
 The ()!<1 lincK' woodsman solved (lie jii-oMcni. • 'rjtkiiii;* 
 two "• diin'-oiils," Itoats made IVom a siiii;'le pine iree. lie 
 laslu'il them lirinly lo^'etliei-, l»y niiiiiii:<;- poles aiTo--- at 
 .-■ 'Ill and stei'ti. k'eepini;' lliein a >lioi't s]>aee a|)ail : llieii 
 tukiiiLi" tiiie animal at a time, >i'llinii; the fori' feel in one, 
 and llie hi'.id feet in anMtl'.er, lie p,i--fi| tIi.,M!! >;!fely 
 aero.-s. Then tin; wleran. moiinliiiii' one. whiK' the 
 other iiijlowed afie;". \\a\i'd a farewell tolii.s ('nterlaiiiers, 
 ]iluiiu'ed into the forest, and was o-one.' ' At a lale lii>ur 
 one eveiiini;:, lu' readied theilwellin^' of McCdU. hy wlinni 
 — tin- visits of his hrt'lln'eii heinic 'ik*' ' an;j;e!s" xi'^ils, 
 short ami i'ar lu'lwei-n " — he was reeei\'eil with 
 rare welcome. After a wee!< spent at St. Siejilien. Ja'O 
 set ont on his return. :ind ?>re('()ll. in aeeoi'danee wil;i 
 Aslmry's i-e(pust, aeeomjianied him. '^^Idiey speii; liiu'O 
 than two months, in trjivellim;" throui^h tli(> lj>terii 
 Slates, in lho]-oni;-hly apostolie style, and I'eacliel 
 Xev,' Tiondoii, (\)nn.. in time for the Conference, d'hei't^, 
 for tlu' lirst time, ]\[((\)11 met Aslr,ii'\- and otheis ol'tho 
 rare men ol' Amerit';tn ^Methrxiism. He was deeitlv 
 inipi'e>sed hy the spirit they hi-ea.thed, a.inl fy tho 
 liilinu"s they hi-ought. ]t was usual, a.t thai lini''. lor 
 the preachers to jxive a ' i'ree and full account of li;em- 
 selves and theii' circuits at the ( '(aiference.' ' '^Flie hisi.o])^' 
 says .McColI, ' asluvl all of us in rotation to (ell our (ii-st 
 ox]»erieucc in reliu'ion ; and while one was speakiiii;. tlie 
 Avliole of these .ico'lly men fell on (lu'ir faces adoi'iim' tho 
 Lord Jesus.' Xo church Inul (hen heen hail! in (he ''op.. 
 ference (own; (he sessions were (herefoie held "ii a 
 ])rivate room. The ordinadon of McCol! (oolc ])hii('. tis 
 ditl, thei'e is little I'ooiu for doulit, that of Taui and 
 Earnahas — in a jirivate dwelliiii;'. ".Inly 22n<l. I"'-''"),' 
 wrote .\shiii'y in his journal, '.\t l>ro. Tj.'s lordaiiV'l 1 >. 
 
 ' IJev. Mark Trafton, D.J)., in •Zioii'.s Ik-rakl,' April L'n, l>7t;. 
 
/ 1^ 
 
 ii 
 
 11 i/fsro/:)- Or Mr/rii)nisM 
 
 ^\'-{ ' )il. IVo;u I'.issaiiviiiio \i\v, will) is one lio:'ii out ol' dm 
 
 tun 
 
 y\r( 
 
 >il re 
 
 ■n('<l \,y w:i\' of ' l)o--(on nnd otlic;- Inr^iC 
 
 town-." • I li:i\ r 1 
 
 i;iM ni;!n\' li;i;'il i!;i\' 
 
 t;i!iu'll('.' he Ir'.ls U' 
 
 lull • li.irii( !• llian wlial I ciKliircd on ilii> lon^n('^' 1 nt'\' 
 
 ]i:i'l. M !•-. ^M. ■< ' )ll wcjil w lien -lie >-a\v my rmiu'cil >itn:il 
 A n'\'i\a! c imnn-nci'il 
 
 ; o n . 
 
 soon ai it'i' his re! urn. aiiM conl nm' I 
 llifoimlioiii llic win'n'.' of t hat yc:\r. A I Si . SU'oln'n an.l 
 S;. I >a s'id's alioai sixty ('X|/(;m'nc(,'il lofii'iNcm'ss ol' -ins, 
 J ii s|i; !r of 1 lie ^('\(':'(' ]ic;s(,'>'a , ion. wliicli .■-omc ol tlicm 
 C'.\]H';'irii'H' 1 tVom iinLi'olJy iH'latiwSj l!u>r new conN-ci'is, 
 to Mc( '»!!'> ii'i'cat io\-. -^.tood widl.' 
 
 An iii'-idciit wliicli o'/ciutc 1 in connection ^\•I!ll 
 
 .Mc( 
 
 ni'iii-'t /N' 
 
 S!. .Sjen! 
 
 epiien m u:' < 
 
 wortli\' o 
 
 record, a-- an illn-t ration of the strictness ^vltll wliicli 
 
 (1; --cililin'' was eiilorct'il 
 
 in llie da\'s of the fathers, and 
 
 or i lie sai<e ol 
 
 the les>oiis it may Icaidi hotli tlie teiiiji 
 
 e I and the temn! 
 
 \\\< own iioii-e, ol 
 
 HM 
 
 le evenni!'" o[ the marriaL''c 
 
 nirinher ot tiiecniircii to a tlioiiu'iit- 
 le^s yoiiiii;' woman, was seized iijion l>y a jiarly of u'cii- 
 tleiiicn. iinfrienilly lo tlie ])reva!ent reiiu'ious influences, 
 
 McCol! as a faithful pastor warn- 
 
 a time lor a dance 
 
 C'il i!ic man. and adxised his so-called friends not to in- 
 
 ^dl\■^' h;m in trouhle oy their folly. I liese liowt'\-ci' 
 turiu'd the ad\ice into ridicule, and carried out iheii 
 
 ]>u:']»o-e. 'I'heii'^iilt N\as the eX(diisi()n of the er 
 
 1 PI ii; 
 
 meiiihcr, wlio i)\' some j)re\-ious in-eacn oi (ii>cij)iine 
 liad rendered his continuance in (diuich luemhershi]) a 
 inatler of uncerladnt \". AccordiiiiJ' \o riiinouiieement, 
 
 an aildrc-;s hcarinsj; unon the 
 
 ease w 
 
 as delivered \)V y\i- 
 
 Coll from the pulpil. and listened to hy the ]>artie.-> con- 
 fe.'iied. Alter a statement of the ])rinci|)al iacts. and 
 an allusion to l!u> weak', erring" man, who had heen excdu- 
 (led from the ("htircli, the prenelier turned to the parlies 
 
'»»n 
 
 I! 
 
 1 1 
 
 ix 'nil-: ij)\vi:h' rnovi.xcr.s. ;'i:, 
 
 ■■ht- 
 
 M\- 
 
 vani- 
 
 [(» In- 
 vcvcr 
 
 nu'ut. 
 
 V\' 
 
 Mc- 
 
 
 ulio liMil iiilliuM'.rt'il liiiii. • Ih' i> ill yoiii' liii;i'l-." M.-(*..ll 
 >aiii. • liy <'.\i''ii.-;i 111 t'i'i)!ii iis ; lii> MimkI hmw IIc;!i iiiiiim 
 y<Mi. .'I' llic liluD^l olMoliii ihc I5ajiti.-t l;iy u\\ Ilcrml um.I 
 lii> \vi<'!.c 1 I'aiiiily. Lmi)!< ye well to it." A <K-c|i in;- 
 ]i/c-^i'»ii w.i' iiiailc ii|i()ii ill'- jiartics a'lilrc'^cl. <>iic oi" 
 wlioiii \\;i- ciiiiNinciNl of >iii. ami sdoii al'I'T (•"iivt-i-icl : 
 aiiil till' iiiMiiy yc,tr> ii >iu' ai ii'in])NMl to ail\'<M'alf a jii-ac- 
 licr. t !u' i\'>iih.s (»!' wiiicli, :i-i \va!('!u'il ly an iiiijiafiial 
 < iliM ':'-/cr. ji'.'Vi.' it ti» It • cIimIv iiul'iVDraliie \n t !);• maiii- 
 Ic'.iaiict' dj" a lilt' nf tail !i in tlu'.'^oiidt' (JoJ. iJiit i-\fn 
 1luv--(' rc-iill-. sal isiitc'iii'v in I'lciii-clvos, ciuiM ii<»i iiii'Im 
 l!u' W'I'iiiil: (liiiu' lo I l:c iii!liaM]iy man. i'lirini:' lil'tci-u 
 Vcai's lit' w'rn! tVdin liaij Id n'/dtm'. \ cdnxict inn <-!' \\'\- 
 Avicl\'t '(In ',.'.•;> llicn nt'arly ciai-iif 1 hini. an. I t'di- a y*'ai' liis 
 stall' wa^ wri'li-licl in the txi ix'inf. lit' waii'lfiH-'i ai.diii 
 1 lie licl'ls an'l Wddil-. • .-ft'kiiiu' rc-l ami timlinu" iicnf :* 
 }ii> lit tci'aiici'- wvw indicativi' oi" (U'^jiair ; lit' (K'lidiiiicc.l 
 au'ain^t liimst'lt' t In- llri't'ati'nini:,'s oi' t!u'()lt! Tc-laini-!!!, 
 wi'.h • li('i'c;'iK'-s aipl t'lii'y;" a.ml fai'i'it-'il alioiil l!i> |i('r-'/ii 
 inaJci'ials for scll-ijoi mc; ion. .Mc( 'ni! taikfd with hi in Idr 
 a titnc Id ii<» piii'i'dsc, Iml sti'.islic'il, alU'Tcai c't'ul coii-i'It-;-- 
 alidti of his ca^c. that thciowas incify t'di" him. ret iirnt'l 
 t'l him. prayt'd id',' him and • iicct'cdc! in h.'atlini:' liim I a'-k 
 Id ( 'hri-i and lo IJis ( 'iuirch. During' llu' 1 Wdy^ao in- \'.a^ 
 jK'.'initt^'d Id livt' ai'liT his !\'-('dnvc'i">ii)ii. he ('njdycd 'a 
 ^I'tidd hdjuj tli!'(*iii;'li u'rart.'." Ja'Cdllfflidiis (»r similar «i<'- 
 cin-cnct.'.-. U'>^ clcai'ly mark't'd. it may lu', yft j)i'd<!ucii\'<' 
 ')i' d('i']> sdj'i'dw, will ru-h unhidden tti thfiniiKl. au'l 
 cddiultlK' brow, of st)me [tastors wlitj maj' j'cad liie>e 
 ]ia^'('s. 
 
 {''iille:'. assistc'il lor a low months hy .Iamt_'s Mann. 
 "who-f jilact.' at Iavc'i']iool was Mipplietl hy Franci> Xt-w- 
 lon. look' cha: :;•(,' ol' tlu.' wt)rk' in St. John and tht' u])-iivL'i- 
 sclll(.'iiU'nls dui'ir.Li- the \eai'. lie cxlt^-nded the eiicuil l.»\' 
 
 11 
 
31(5 
 
 7A/,s' TO II y r M /•; rno n tsm 
 
 visitiiiLj I'riiicc Williiini, aii'l jtiH'.icliitii;* at tlio lion^-' f4' 
 Captain Bfowii. ami also at that of William Siiiilh. ■%■}><> 
 with his will', a iiicmlK'i-or oiu' of t he lain i lies ni' JJai'ki-'jv, 
 ri-'i'lciit at SIict1i;'|t|. were anions' the earliest .Mctliodj-t* 
 of the latin- jila'T. l'!!--c'\vlK'rc. I'^idlc;* sitcal^s oJ' a s^^n'k-'t? 
 
 hcl'l at Sli"lHi'M. at the lious(! ol'S iniro liai'l 
 
 CO 
 
 a -1eii.'lr 
 
 fVioivl of .M.c'thodisni.' ' Sonu' souls,' sai'l Fi^llo;*. as Ja-? 
 toolv his leave; of tJK' upper p.ll't of till' eil'ellit, ah'Ut lljtf 
 ini<lille of May. • liavi' heen a\\'al-:eiieil, ami ittlier- ^r^.^Tii- 
 verteij to doil." On the :i')lh of that inonlh. lie tonk iji4 
 
 linal 'leiiai'tuit' 
 
 >in New Ihainswie 
 
 an< 
 
 I sa.ih'ii j>f')5an 
 
 St. John foi' hi^hy. on 1 
 the ("onfeieliee of IT'JU. 
 
 lis \v 
 
 IN' to meet hi» hj eihj\'Jj aiit 
 
 ])ui-ini'- tiie wiiitei' of l7!^')-'h an exteii'-ivc I'eviv:'] i' 
 
 ■>o. 
 
 ?i- 
 
 jilaee at liiverpool.aihl in some of the aijjaeent settlemeul'' 
 
 In t 
 
 le previous s 
 
 )i-ini'\ Jo.-hua Xewton. as ("ollei/t'ir -otiT 
 
 Custom>. hail heeii t .';in>fe:'!'eil to that ])laee from ("h:AT- 
 loltetown. His olfjcjal duties wei'e iiol hiwleiisonie. iij^i 
 
 al 
 
 loart. possessed hy divine inllueiiee 
 
 led him toemii'kj*' 
 
 3' 
 
 hisl 
 
 eisiii'c time jii cih)i"ts to a Ivanec the intei'e-ts oi iuw 
 
 ]\Ia>lei'"s kiiii'-dom. On theSahhalh sueeeedini; liis arnviil 
 
 le avovred h 
 
 I'll 
 
 i>tme;it on the Lord's siih'. hvu' 
 
 iiiL;- a congregation in the ^^ethodist ehureh. Jji a k-x 
 wee!<.-> he \va< Joined hy his hrothei' Pi'aneis, nv]j(>. iiiii-r 
 ])ur>uing Ids >tiidies for four years, preparatory to tttkiiiW:;^ 
 Oixlers in the l']piseo]);d (,'hureh. ahaiu/.iied tlial i>urji»f*^' 
 
 and resolved, in the I'aec of elearh 
 
 - 1." s. 
 
 »ressed eojji eMBftt. 
 
 to enter tlie itinerant 
 
 ani 
 
 1 h 
 
 11 .l)eeomher. Llaek vi«.a!tn:ti 
 )f the cii'euit. Tfin-i- 
 
 i/.vei"pool. ami }.laeeil linn in e'large o 
 
 ])re^enee and j)o])uhr.'ity of his hrother enaljled Fr^ioaifrS-f 
 
 Xewton frequently to letive the town and vi>it tjje -eittt!iH> 
 
 ments on the eoast. ' Two ot one famil' 
 
 Wl'O 
 
 le h 
 
 'jliljUt" 
 
 'jvn 
 
 Barry, * I never saw eipial to them for jiiety and wjsdomni/ 
 Thoir labors were aeeompanied l>y mueli suece~<- • B!!i"— 
 
 MS 
 
 m I 
 
.7.Y THE LO]Vi:/i' J* liO V IX('K.^. 
 
 MT 
 
 1 ijifj'" 
 
 oj 
 
 111* 
 
 •JT^: 
 
 LI >.- ••* 
 
 . Lliij 
 
 Bu: 
 
 hi i; im|>'' 
 
 Vi- 
 
 1. 
 
 
 :J^<<. 
 
 !-('(l In' ( lod.' Miid lini'ry, ' IIu ij:i';iiits llu-iii tlic <U'sii'i' of 
 tlu-ir lirai'ts. Si-arco do tliov liold out tlu'u'lad lidiii;;'> of 
 halvMlion. o|' la!c. Initsoinc arc (Icrply conviiiccd of sin, 
 oi" I'lialilo 1 liy I'ait h to " lu'liold tlu' Laml> of (iod whiidi 
 lak'cih away tlu- sins of ilio world." • Tliii'ly," lie wrol(>, 
 alioiii tlu' last of .March, IT'.H), ' arc saitl lo liavr Ik-cii coii- 
 vcftcd (111 I'll 111" till' la>l liii'cr oi- f(»iii' iiioiit lis, and inanv 
 fitluM's nnd(M" tlio infnu'iicc i>f deep (.•onvict ion arc cryini;' 
 to (Joij for nu'i'cy. iVni;)!!!;" tlic I'ornicr ai'i' sL'Vii'a! cliil- 
 ili'cn. from ten to fifttTii years of aui'. wlio ,<;'ivc the iiio>t 
 in('(»ntt'stihh' jiroofs of a real ehani;"o of heart, that 
 of a holy walk and conversation.' I'lie pi'e-enco 
 at Liverpool of the Xewlii;'hts, Ity wlioni a lii:;h value 
 was attticiied to cei'tain l)oislerous deinoiisti'ations 
 in their as,>;eiiil)lics, and a low estimate placed ujion 
 that • silent awe "which dai'cs not move,' called 
 for the exercise of much <liseretion on the p;u't of 
 the leaders in this revival. Joshua Xcwton, in an ad- 
 dress upon the character of the work, counselled modera- 
 tion, and read certain rules which he wisheil to beobserved. 
 By this course ho gave some otfence to the more 
 demonstrative part of the young converts. 
 
 A circumstance of a painful character caused a num- 
 ber of the services to be held in the jail. A very wealthy 
 mei'chant of Liverpool, who soon after retired fi-om 
 business, had, in consequence of a comparatively small 
 debt, thrown an aged and liighly esteemed member 
 of the Methodist Church into prison, in the evident 
 expectation that his friends in the church would 
 procure his release by the jiayment of the debt. In order 
 to bring all possible pressure to bear upon these he 
 objected to the prisoner being permitted to have the free- 
 dom of the jail-yard, prevented him from taking the 
 benefit of the 'Insolvent debtors Act,' and exceeded Tur- 
 
 1 1 
 
 M 
 
\^ 
 
 ?A 
 
 Hf STORY OF 2,TKT iron ISM 
 
 ki>h li;ii'Ii:iri(y li\- icru^iiiL;- to allow liiiii to visit his ;il;i' i 
 ;iiiil ill!' Ill wil'c. WHO l;iy nt tlu- jioiiil o|(lr;itli. Tliosc 
 Avho lioi'o lu'i" l»o(ly 1o tlu' u'l'iUH'. cui'i'icil it to tlic J;iil, 
 tlint lu'i" ]iii>!);iiiil iiii^lit oiicf luo/c look iij)oii lici- Ihrr. 
 .\tu'!" an imi»i'isoiiiiu'iit of a year, tlic U-adcrs of llu^ 
 society |)i'o|)o-i' I a conipi-oiuisc, jiaid h.'ilf tin; amoiinl, 
 aii'l t 111' L::!'ay-liaii'('(l man went out from llio prison. \l 
 llu' services wliicli wei-e licld for his sake in tlu' jail a 
 niimlier |)rofessc(l lo e\|terieiice conviM'sioii. amo'.ii;" whom 
 Avas Simon h'raser. al'terwards a li'iistee of the chinch al 
 .riiver[H)ol. His exci-llent wife, who also ]iasseil • from 
 death unto life" diirinu' this icn ival. died in tlie Lord in 
 IS'j'i. at ('ale(h)nia. <^>iieeii's ( 'o.. after havinii' heeii for 
 tifty-si'ven yeai's a * hiuhly consistent iiiemher' of the 
 ^lethoijist Churcdi. 
 
 ^riiis revival was not confined to Livei'j^ool. Sevei'al 
 of those wdio were hlossi'd throiiuii the services held in 
 the town vi.-iled tlie sett lements on the coast, heariii;^" 
 testimony to the ])ower ot divine i;"race, J>y tliis means, 
 h;ome jiri'viously awakene<h Avere imcoui'ai;'0(l, and others 
 "wei'c led into the eiijoynu'iit of ])eace. Tliis Avas tlm 
 case at Poi't .^^ollton. which hiad hcen si'ttleij hydishand- 
 ed soldiers of the British liCu'ion. a fcAV of wdiom with 
 thcii'fa'milic's still remained, ^riiesc. visited occasionally 
 by tlio ministers stationed at Jiiver])ool. liad commenc- 
 ed to hold serA'ices amoni;' themselves, at wliich one of 
 tlieir number usually I'cad a sermon hy "Wesley. Fi'an- 
 eis XeAvton Aveiil (o tlieir settlement, and ])ieache(l tlie 
 Avord with ]>ower. and the demonstration of tlie Sjiirit. 
 Ainoiiii; the numher converted was Xeil ("ainj)hell, avIio, 
 aiter liavim:; sustained lor tliirty years the olHce of a 
 class leader in that setllcnient, died in 1S;}8. elosini;- his 
 life-testimony Avitli 'Jesus is mine and I am His.' 0^ 
 him, said an age I incmbei' of our Church to those Avho 
 
7.V 77/./; j.owKR riiorixcKs. ;no 
 
 jail, 
 [\\vc. 
 ■ tho 
 ouui, 
 At 
 ail a 
 ^vl'.tiiii 
 eh al, 
 • iVoiu 
 ,()!■( 1 in 
 (M\ I'oi' 
 of tlK; 
 
 Several 
 
 liclil in 
 eariiiL;' 
 means, 
 others 
 as the 
 lian'l- 
 n with 
 sionally 
 innuMie- 
 oiie of 
 Frun- 
 hed the 
 Sjunt. 
 11, ^vh<>, 
 ;eo <*t' '^ 
 sint;' his 
 llis.' Of 
 ho 
 
 )SC 
 
 w 
 
 've.'e a-s.-etu!i!e<l at tlie t'l'.iiei'al; "lie \\a-> a man ni' 
 M»ii!i(| JiiiJi^'iiieiit. i,';ea! liiaiiiiess o) eliaraete.', ^tl•!(•t 
 iiite^'i'ily. ami e\'i'leMt ;])iriiiialit y of ini;)!!; ami wc/e 1 
 l!>!.'avel t'/om ( 'ape { 'la-o !■) ( 'a]>e Sanle. I >i;i'iiiil ex- 
 ]iee! to (iiiil lew to e^nial. ami iK.iie loexeelhiiii. S-.T'/iecs 
 Were aUo lieM at i'ort .loji. I'lirl \jv Dear ami I'ort 
 Meilway. In the suiiimer of 17'.':!. .lames Mann, who 
 was stationed at Liverjiooj. rei-cixc I a lai;^'e numhei- into 
 ("liiireh leilowshii). 
 
 'I'lie career of l'''i'an":s Xewlon wasslioi-t. hut hriHiant. 
 On t'le -?';f h .liiiy. lT''n. he ]»i eacheu his laicwi'M ^er- 
 mon at Livej-jiooj. ami in tlu' aiiti'.mn sailed tVoni llalira>: 
 h>r the Tnilel S:ate;. to meet D.-. ( 'olce. Sho;aly 
 at'tei' the departiii'e iM'tlie \'e-sel in wiiieli he (.'mliarkei!, 
 u severe storm arose, diii'inu' which it was sU|i|io.-ed >lie 
 loiindered. Jlis 1Viend> waite 1 lorn;- lur t idim^s — hut in 
 vain. 
 
 Joshua Xewlon was spai'el to he a jiillr.r in the 
 t-hnrch at Live!'|) )ol. His name will a^'ain appear in 
 tlie-e pai;'es. • |-\'W. \('\'y lew pei'sons. tlii'ouu'h tin' entire 
 c()iirse of a leni;'theneil lile. have enjoye(l so n'reat ly the 
 resjx'ct of the eommuidty in winch they Inu'e lived and 
 acted, or have de-cendt' 1 to the i;'i"aves() ^-really heli,\ed, 
 as he. In ])uhlic lite, his courteous demeanor, his uihaii- 
 ity of m.anner, his humane anil henevolent s]»irit. won 
 for him the contidence nndi esteem of all classe-. He 
 had heen for lii'ty-five years ("ollectoi- of Customs at tiic 
 port of Liver])ool. and Idr i lany years the chief mai^'is- 
 Iratc of the Connty ot (^»iie"ns. Alike removed from 
 mystic (piietism, from cold foi-ma'.isni. and f. om austere 
 aseeticisui Ids piety was fervent, active, exiierimeiital, 
 and yet eneerful ; maintained in u'<)dly coiisisteiu-v, and 
 oxhihitod ])rjie(ieally. iiy the fruits of holiness, duiiiiu- n 
 Christian pilgi'iinage of nKjre than hall a cen'uiy. lie 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
■MH 
 
 i 
 
 320 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ])('.'0)rim''l tlie duties of class-leader with iniieh abilitj' ; 
 and liis iviiidness and taitlil'uliioss in this olHee ,t;'i'eatly 
 oiidcai'e<l him to those who had the privilege oi" being" 
 ])hu:ed unck^i' his care. From the time of his arrival at 
 Livt'i'pool, he was aeeiistomed in the ahseneo of the resi- 
 dent ministers faithfully to set forth the doctrine of ii 
 free and a present salvation, to the edification of very 
 many, until ohligeil to <liscontinue tlicse labors by the 
 advance of the intirmities of years. Death had no terrors 
 to Idin ; he conversed about it with composure, and 
 spoke of heaven as one whose treasure was there.'" 
 When Ids voice A\"as nearly ' lost in death,' ho was heard 
 to use the exultant words, ' Thanks be to God, which 
 tiivcth us the victoi'v, tlirouiidi our Lord Jesus Christ.' 
 His detiarture took place on the 2Tth of March, 1849, at 
 the age of seventy-seven years. Fifty- seven of these had 
 been spent as a child of Gcxl, in connexion with the 
 ]\[et!io.list Church. 
 
 The Conference of ITOG had been a]ipointod to take 
 place at Xewport. Th« members of it, however, met at 
 Windsor, on Thursday, the 3rd of June. Six preachei's 
 only wei'e present, who, according to one of their num- 
 ber, ' conversed freely, and did all their business in much 
 h)ve.' The sessions were continued lor three days. A revi- 
 val of religious intei'cst liad prepared the people of Wind- 
 sor to ajipreciate the public religious services of the period. 
 More than twenty, 'many of them truly converted to God,' 
 had a short time previously been added to the member- 
 ship of the little church in that rising village. To tiiese, 
 the Conference Sabbath, with its sermons, communion ser- 
 vice, and love-feast, was a high (hiy. On the following 
 mornintc the ministers set off for their circuits. 
 
 As soon OS possible, Black repaired to New Bruns- 
 
 *> Kev. J. McMurray, ' Wesleyan,' 1849, p. 20. 
 
 II 
 
'"'■■'I 
 
 IN THE LOWEll PROVIXrES. :vi] 
 
 '•i| 
 
 take 
 vet at 
 u-hcrs 
 
 i\um- 
 
 I BlUC'h 
 
 rcvi- 
 
 hVind- 
 
 leriod. 
 
 I) God; 
 
 )mber- 
 
 these, 
 (on scr- 
 loNving 
 
 iBruns- 
 
 v»-i(']:, to vi^it the (.•hurdics ])!;intr'i iiiS'. John. nJi;! in tlic 
 ' vlt'vMiKMi'.s i!.!i)i>i;- {!ic viv(M'. '' ba'l some c'on'.!():'t;'h!r 
 1ln><->< ;M!i()i)ii: tiiem,' ho v/i'ote to :i hrolliei* ; 'especially 
 ;i.! ShclMeM.' v\('coivIi;iM- to oiu' ofliieii' numbei-, \vh():<c 
 miivi \v;is ' vefVeslu'd' hy I>!;ick"s ' h)vinL!: ]ioh:ivioi:r ;i'm1 
 r;)!!ver-'')t ioii,' hy noiH! was his visit i-ioi'c hii^dily j)i-i/..'l 
 th;;!! h\- the verv ' little tloci: ' :i( I'^rcvU-ricton. who loolcei 
 !ij) to Oiiiiea!! Ilh'iir airl his pi'^ns \',ire ;is iiuMt- iv.'a(h"T. 
 i'ven *hcse v.'cll-ti'ied iVioMds. \v!!OS'> humhle (iw"i!i!!::; 
 iia'l \'vrn \>()\]\ pr<'a.ehinL':-i^lace 'iiid vcstino'-plac;^ \'<;v the 
 ]ir"a.rhi>'r ou liis rounds, t;ill>:ei| in tones otMi-i'onra'r'.'niont. 
 • i';. Ti'Miov;;!. whii'h nin>^t. unless some n.oAv (!oi»r liail 
 ht'c'i oocned. have k'<l to ttu^ total exdn-ion oi' tiie i)!a'/<'. 
 from the 'ircnit-j^lan. So small wa.s the- Mttendanee ;il't'M- 
 i\\:- I'eiioN d of a part of liie 1i'oo])s. an<l so few were t})e 
 si'.^ns ot" promise, that, in \~'M\. the name nf J-h <'(h't'i<'ii>n, 
 (;;i the i'i»'euit-plaM. had he<m transt'errcd ironi t!)e 11 -t of 
 Sad)!)ath sorviee'^, — thus incre.'isin*;" tho-<^ of Sheflii'ld a.nd 
 Xasliwaalc— to that of week-cveninii; s-u'vices. (Jiico in 
 e;i(di fo -tni'-ht su'di a '-iM-vice wti-; held heneath ^\\r i-oof 
 (tfo'ood Drncan }>ho]'. • llw l.oi-d. I fiope, will inuKe- 
 l:ikei:>,' us;" Vvn-ofc onoof th<' little eomp.'inv who listen- 
 I' ! to tiio p'r •.•;•; her in iilair's dwellin;/. 
 
 Tlie 'a^'-: of laiM/rers, inerejised hy llie return of Stoekel 
 to the r iiitee SlMes, led "Bhndc to attend the (h-nera' 
 (o)nf(U''. n.ee, e.. ioi.eiieed at Jjaliiiuoi-e on tlie 20ih (.>f 
 (H'loher. His pluee at T[alifax was .^upplit'd hy Joj-.n 
 Mann. Tin services of the ronfererfei- wei-eri( !i in hle-.- 
 sinj.';. 'The Lord.' .said ( *ok'(\ • e'ave us si^'nal jiroofs of 
 Ids appi'ohaliom Ever}' eveninu' h.e Avas irraeiotisly ])i'e 
 sent : se!''eni could the eonij,'i'e;j:atn)n hreak up till neai' 
 n.idnii:'' ' and seldo.'U wert' there less tlian ludfado/en 
 hrouii;lil !i o the lil)crly of the (hiM-en of (Jod. (Jne 
 Suuilay mornini;', wlien I endeavored to .set forth the 
 
 '■ ;ir 
 
' ! ' ' ' 
 
 
 H 
 
 ooo 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 inlcrcossioii oi Cliri^t, seven were justified uiide:' llie ser- 
 irion and the prayers wliidi sueeeeded il.' Such stute- 
 iiieiits arc sULi:<;'estive to the miiiistiy (if lo-da}'. 
 
 T 
 
 o rejoice over the extension ol 
 
 he woi'k in tiie 
 
 United States was a natural j-osult of ]>hicl<'s religious 
 r-haracter; yet thai extension, -with its consequent (le- 
 niand for addilional hiliorers, i-endtTed liis most eaiviiest 
 efforts to olitain more hel]) for liis own field uiL-^uece-sfu!. 
 AsbuiT, who, in ITi'O, had informed Lhick tliat iie w.uld 
 send none of liis ministers •rt of the Union, Avilho^n 
 
 it ted I hern to (k|;aj-t 
 
 irp 
 
 Tl 
 
 10 
 
 >iU)]), Wi'O 
 
 te Bh 
 
 to 
 
 tlieir consenr, now !'eluetantl_ 
 for the Lower ]'r(»viriee> 
 Fidler, at Shclhurne, 'says you may stay where yoit ai'e, 
 but tliat he cannot s])are us ai\y new hel]). Two preaeh- 
 were willing- to come lo Xova Scotia, — 
 
 ers, Jiowever 
 
 and he L';ave his consent — hut they afterwards decline I. 
 
 They were afraid of the Fi'cnch." Ashuiy's conviclion, 
 
 previously stated to Jilack, that 'the .young men Avho 
 
 lave returned to us are not .so liunible and serioi 
 
 as 
 
 1 
 
 when they went to Xova Scotia,' ma_y also have had some 
 influence witli the good liifdio]-). .Be that as it nniy, 
 Black returned to Ilalifiix alone. John Mann and 
 Duncan McColl, the latter of whom had sjient tvro of tlie 
 summer months in St. John, continued at tlieir u>ual 
 
 liead- 
 
 quartei'i 
 
 Fidler was stationed at Shelburi 
 
 le 
 
 James Mann at Liverjiool ; (frandin, at Annajjolis; 
 while AVilson was sent to the St. John city and river 
 circuit, and \\\^ place at Cumberland sup})lied l-y Bla- 
 dis, a local preacher, aided by John Black, tmd Tliomas 
 E,oach, a young man who had been raised up under John 
 Black's ministr}'. 
 
 Fidler, on his way to Shelburne, lialted at Liverpool, 
 and witnessed with much pleasure the results of the 
 ministry of Joshua and Francis Kewton, in Ids (irst 
 
 L_ 
 
ly THE LOWER PliOVrXCES. 323 
 
 ll!. 
 
 iia 
 
 n' 
 
 art 
 
 : to 
 
 ire, 
 
 ich- 
 
 i\. — 
 
 r,ea. 
 
 AVll') 
 
 ■; ;is 
 aiul 
 
 lU'iio; 
 
 ,M)li> ; 
 river 
 Bla- 
 
 ollUl^ 
 
 Ipool, 
 
 |>t' tlve 
 llrst 
 
 ■provinci;il eii'ctiil. The i;';it1ieriiiii; of the youiii;' coiivci-ls 
 at a communion service was a notalilc scene. ' ^[y soul 
 rejoiced willi tiicm.' he wrote, ' for CtoiI was with us ol'a 
 truth. Wo have a hlesseil time in ail our meetinu's.' 
 Ei<i,'ht months later Joshua Newton wrote liim : 'Our 
 
 and at the close of a 
 visit to r>)rt ]\I()Uton, Fidler i-emarked : 'A Messed rcl 
 
 society is in a prosperous way 
 
 or- 
 
 maiion nas 
 
 tak 
 lie 
 
 en ])lace siiu-e J was there two oi- three 
 
 years ai;"!). lie readied Shelhui-ne in July. On that 
 circuit, which included Barrinp;ton and the intermediate 
 ]>laces, lie remained neai-ly tsvo yeiii-s. His ministiy 
 <!urino' that period was attended with much succcs-. In 
 July, IT-'T, he formed a church of nearly thirty memhers 
 at .Sal)!e River, where ho reported the woi'k of revival tij 
 be still in prooToss. 
 
 Xo addition w;is made to tlu'; numl>er of laliorevs. at 
 the Conference of 1707. The mcmhei-s of it met .-it 
 Windsor, early in June. McColl, Avliose distance frr)m 
 the place of meeting seldom permitted him to meet hi^ 
 brcthi'cn, reached Annapolis, and thence, on a 'good 
 hut very wild horse,' accompanied Grandin to Wind«;oj'. 
 
 Through the greater part of that year ]\rcColl had 
 the sole charij-e of the work in New Brunswick. In St. 
 Joliu, Ste}»hen TTumhert rendered willing assistance; and 
 at St. Stephen, McColl luid a valuahle helper in Robert 
 Watson, wliom he called his 'faithful and sincere friend,' 
 and for the gift of whom, at AVatson's departure 
 in 1S17, after a service of eight and twenty years, 
 during which ho had been the \great suppoi-f of 
 the society, he rendered thanks. ^McColl's jien atford.s 
 the only available information respecting Methodism in 
 New Brunswick during that year, 'We returned.' he 
 writes, to Annapolis. I understood a captain's lady and 
 two of her dauglitcrs were convinced while I was preach- 
 
U- 1 
 
 i-i 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 |. ,; |: 
 
 :;l4 
 
 J/ISTORY OF METIIODISJI 
 
 i;i; 
 
 al C'oniwuilis. On my I'olui-u to Aniiajxjlis I jd'CJich 
 
 t'i \\ili> Jiiucli iVcctioiii lid' a icw wci 
 
 J 
 
 lUlO 
 
 l;)i 
 
 lilo'l ill tli< 
 
 led, 111 ('tympany with a vci-y ^'ay i;-eii 
 
 ticiiiaii, wlu) had ^o^vallt.^ and ilucc hoi-.^es Avilli him. 
 \\\' (lid iuA .s-])cak to i;aeh other until wo were lialJ'-way 
 j;cros:? ihu Bay t.)i' !'\!iidy; \\v then addressed me as I 
 Nvas I'oudinsj: in the ('al)iii. We had coiisideruhle to sav 
 on various suhjeets, and su(;n j^ol iiiLo a \'ery friendly 
 r.iidcrstunding. llo expressed inaeh ^'ood-wi!! when v.'c 
 ]iarled in the city Si. John; ami 1 saw him no moiv. al- 
 
 tiiough 1 uudoi 
 dants experience 
 
 t'jod alU'fwards tluil one of li 
 
 J rcl 
 
 iLi'ion, 
 
 aiK 
 
 I 1 
 
 leeame a preacliei 
 
 h 
 
 atleii- 
 
 I 
 
 I'ouiid t]ie ])eo])le h)\v in rclifrion at the city; ho\v<>ver, it 
 pleased God to stir up their minds in the t'ollowiiii;- way 
 A soldier's wii'e heini;- ver\ :-•• 'k ^)v. Kmerson, of tlie re- 
 i,-imeiit, a|)])!ied to me to visit her, as he ex[tected her 
 
 en( 
 
 1 sOvdi. 1 did so. and fell miudi eneourau'ed in 
 
 .•^jjoalv'- 
 
 iO 
 
 lier. after 
 
 av^:r 
 
 «' 
 
 le was evidently convince 
 
 d 
 
 ' sill. 1 visited lier the second time, and found lior much 
 armetl ; the third time, (rod >])oJ<:e jieace to liei- son!, 
 
 ud ma (la\' oi 
 
 1: 
 
 two she died, vei v ha 
 
 y !iap])y 
 
 Tl 
 
 lis see'ne' 
 
 I 
 
 o arouse the 
 
 peoi 
 
 )le s nunds 
 
 (lid ] ii;id a comfortahli 
 
 time with them. 
 
 I llieii tool: a round up the river t<< 
 I all the othei' phi.ces 
 
 Fredericton, tl)0 Xashwaadc, aii' 
 where we had formed societies, and as tliey liad no sta- 
 tioned preacher, T ailministere'l tlie Lord's Sup]ier t^) 
 t]iem in every iihace, an(1 fmnd Ihein exceedinirlv idad 
 to see me, for they mourned after tlie word. On my re- 
 turn to St. Stephen, I fonnd the cause suffering for vrant 
 cf public preachin*;- and scripture discipline. T strove 
 to do what I could till the first of July. 1798.' A pros- 
 sing letter from "Wilson, at St. John, then called him to 
 that part of the province. '' 
 
 'British North Amoricau Weslcyau Methodist Miigazinc,' 
 lb41, p. 45y. 
 
ly Till-: Loivi:/,' PRorixcj-Js. 
 
 ;_.) 
 
 
 CM 
 
 io 
 
 in 
 
 1 
 [iVC 
 
 •es- 
 to 
 
 On Fi'idnv, Jiilv l.'Jili. ITDS, several of tln> niinisie 
 met at the Conference, wliieli wasa'-ain lu'ld al Wimlxi 
 
 Til 
 
 u; usual luisine>-s was eojidueU'il in liaianiun-. Ilhu 
 
 I. 
 
 ■evnion on 1 lu? nioiaunii 
 
 'f 
 
 ]U\>a.elieil a ' niov.t excellent 
 Ihc C'ont'ercMice Sal)l»alh, and l*'i'lk'r addresseil a lar^e 
 cono-fCM-ation in the afternoon, 'willi Imt little salislac- 
 (ion' to hiisiselt'. A ])i'aye!'-ineot in^■ held in the cveninj," 
 was I'elt to lie a •solemn and j)rolilalile lime.' '^Plie num- 
 I)ei" of members I'lrouii-houl Nova Scotia and Xow Brmis- 
 Vvdck' was (oi'.nd to !u' eiiidil limidred and IweK'e. !m 
 the reltifns no ret'ei-ence is made 1') the Islav.d of S;. 
 
 lolm. 
 
 At the close of tlie ronfei'cnce, Black accoi'dinu" t; 
 
 ai'i'. 
 
 emenl proceeiled to New Uninswii 
 
 II 
 
 IS iiiaee 
 
 1 
 
 i\ iladifa.x was siini)lied. \^v Fidler, who IkhI orders, on 
 
 'PI 
 
 turn, to take char;:'e e 
 
 the ('muhei'land cir 
 
 cui: 
 
 Jilaci:, on hi-; \'.;!,\' to Si. Slcjiheii, went on shore at. 
 !^ranawai;'onish, and, to his i!;re:it satisfaction, found Mc 
 Coll ajxMVilson at (V.i-leton. A ' lilt le conference' Avas 
 M.wht n it was th(>nuht bestth.at McColl slionM i-ema.in 
 
 n( 
 
 St . John, .'ind AVil-on 
 
 -roeei 
 
 d (o ( 'nmherland, 
 
 leaA'in 
 
 Fidler to take t]ie j.lace of >rc('oll at St. Ste].lien. An 
 unlook-ed-for circumstaiiice disturhed th's ])lan ; and 
 .Black, 'solicitously rer[ue-ted hymaiiywith ]ii'ayers and 
 tears' not to leave St. John at once. !'eniaitK>d in the city 
 fov a time. Ifei'c lie was followed hy ]\[cColl, who. aftc!' 
 JiaviiiL;- s])eid six weeks with his flock at St. Ste]>hen. 
 voturiied to St. John, to I'ema.in there durinu; the wintei". 
 
 ' On th.e Mth of Octoher. 17!»S,' says >rcColl, ' I em- 
 hai'kcd with ^\]'<. ^rcCoIl on hoard a new sidiooner. 
 hound to the city of St. Jolin. We had a loni; and tedi- 
 ous ])assaii'e of ten days. We made thini;'s .as aiiTCcable 
 as Ave eoiikh f')i' Ave had several gentlemen passengers ; 
 Ihcy were polite eiiougli to hear, Avliether the}' intei ded 
 
 ! I 
 
 i-,i! 
 
 li Mil 
 
r:;j]i 
 
 iL :■■!!;; 
 
 32G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 V) C(jiiii)ly or not. Oiii- fricmls were u'lail to >ee us and 
 ] C'oninienced my work among them; our nieotini;-- 
 iunise Avas often crowded . . . . Jn tlie C(;ur>e oi the 
 winter I strove to ])reaeli the woixl. and was calleil 1o 
 ba]>tize some chihlren, and to preach at the Mai'sh. 
 Six or seven sleighs-full of friends aeeompanied me. 
 I took ibr my text, Gal. <». 7. — ' Be not deceived, (rod 
 is not mocked.' The woi-d seemed to tak'e hoM and 
 the bai)tism.s were very >olemn ; hut no sooner was I 
 (h)ne than an Antinomian j»reaeliei', who alteiulc'l with 
 soino of liis friends, rose U[) an<l denounced me to 
 hell. Some of his fi'icnds stood ly him and seconded 
 his cliarges ; others also began lo oj)pose; hut at my re- 
 (pie>t the landlord commaudeil silence. They then 
 went out and made more noi>e about the door. Some 
 gentlemen in the city, who were men in authority', 
 were displeased, and wanted us to take the law of 
 these peo[)le, but I refused. However, I saw many 
 of these Antinomians contimie to attend our ])ublic 
 meetings while I remaine<l in the city. In the course 
 of the winter I visited Frcdericton, the Xashwaak, and 
 many other places up the rivei". The snow was very 
 deep, and the time vejy stoi-m\', and sometimes I had 
 hard doings to break a ])ath for my horse.' 
 
 On his return to the city, McColl, at Black's request, 
 visited Annapolis. 'After having remained with them 
 t\ro months,' he says, ' I returned to St. John, where 
 ]vatting the society in as good a. way as I could, I pre- 
 pared to return to St. Stejdien. 1 found things in a 
 much better condition tlian 1 could expect, after an al)- 
 sence of nine months. Mr. Watson had kc])t them in as 
 good order as ho could. The first Sunday, we had abun- 
 dance of weeping, but weeping may be where there is no 
 religion. I now began my work afresh, and made a> 
 
IX 
 
 THE LOWER PROViyCES. 
 
 oo** 
 
 iii a 
 111 al)- 
 
 in as 
 lalniiv 
 
 is no 
 
 vi.-it M) lliu T.iidu'c. wIkm'O T ha<l ]ii'(\U'1um1 lit'foro. — srum- 
 low limes. TIumt oiii' iiieeti.ML;"s woi'c oxt'oediiii;'!}' livi.ly, 
 nlili iiil:,'Ii very sinnll. One day, iiiiinediately aftei' I !iad 
 
 ^^v•^\ 
 
 1. I 
 
 )ri)])(),>ei| 
 
 ID 
 
 ludi as je!l their minds a^'akeiie- 
 
 ta eoiiie I'orwai'd a.nd iinile in (dass; live did so, who h; 
 
 cle 
 
 expononce 
 
 ot'th 
 
 10 iianionii 
 
 ] 
 
 )\'e of (lod. In at 
 
 ew 
 
 ^vee!c•- nioro, Ave had eii;ditcen. ^I'liis i^'ood work extend- 
 ed to oilier ])ai'ls ol'the St. .Stei»]ien oii'euil. '^' 
 
 The singlo name ol' .J.)hn .Mann aijjiears on the ^'Fin- 
 iitcs of 17!>S, in eoiineelion with Ihe inimen>e tield inidii- 
 dcd in the Windsoi- and Anna])olis eireuils. J5iU he \\:is 
 not (juite alone. Diu'in;;" tlio previous year, Jolm Coojiei', 
 after liaviiii;' passed thi'oni;'h a >-{.)Xovq ti'ial. had profe--eil 
 to i'erv'ive a fi-esii assurai'.ee of the favor of (lod, and 
 had heoii admitte<l as a candidate for memher>i:i}i. 
 At the Conforenee, j)ermission Avas i;'iven him to act as a 
 local Treacher, and l)lack was authorized to cad! him 
 again into the itinerancy, if he sliould thiidv siudi a 
 stci) advisable. In the course of tlie year, Coojier niajlu 
 his appearance as alielperof 3[ann in ins immense ehai'L!;e, 
 in opposition to the views of some judicious j.ersons, who 
 deemed lon^'er ])robation desirable. Ilis eaidier elloris 
 were crowned witli sorae dcii'ree of success. ' On mv re 
 turn to the city from ShetHeld,' wi'ites McColl, in tlio 
 spring" of ItOO, 'I received three letters in one da}', from 
 I^Ir. Black, rcquestin/ji; me to go to Annapolis, where, he 
 said, a great work had begun. I immediately set out, 
 and found, on my arrival at Annapolis, the next day, this 
 noisy work going on under the preaching of J. C. ; but I 
 felt sorry 1 could not wholly ajijirove of the work. 
 Ilowi'ver, I remained with them two months.' 
 
 The ditflcidties of iJlack, as presiding eldei', Avcre 
 greatly increased by the determination of Fidlcr to^ 
 
 '" 'B. N. A. Magazuie,' 1841, pp. 400-1. 
 
ly Tifi-j LO\vi:n rnoviycES. 
 
 >•> 
 
 2'.) 
 
 WW' 
 
 :u' 
 
 (Iciir 
 
 » ( 1 , 
 
 \' Mil 
 
 ■-•>i''i 
 
 •Uini 
 arch 
 
 ril II 
 
 \\\d\\ 
 
 (lii'Ho-i 1() (lii'iciciil j);irtii's, were ))iej»;u\'il. l>ui ('i-fiiin- 
 >tah(H-. iiiikiiowii Id li-., |)i'(.'\"iMiU'il Iiiiii iVoni n';if!»iiij; 
 
 lii.r- West Iiidi 
 .1 
 
 ;iii 
 
 iilMX'iiiliiu'iil. Ill (»iie ol'llie lelti- 
 
 ures-ed tt) (ho \ lovei'iioi' ( u'lu-ral ol ihc 
 
 Jial 
 
 laiiia- 
 
 ( 'nkv. 
 
 \yi(.'[>: CO 
 
 iicei'iiiii;4' liiiii. • I have a vci'V liiLrii '>jiii;i-:i of' 
 
 loiior, iiiti'irrii v and loN'alt v 
 
 ii: 
 
 Idiiaary <k-:L'M n 
 
 to he lnMieflcial to the hlaeks ami eoh-ie.i jie<ij>le. 1 .it h< 
 
 IS a iii;(ti ol 
 
 ail 
 
 iiitv siilliciei.it to Ik- hviielieia! to t;i: 
 
 1 
 
 lesjK'etiiii;' iii-. lei'ii 
 
 ill .\o\ii Scotia, the Doc'k.i* WimIc t 
 
 o 
 
 a lii'olher iiiiiiister, ' i Iia\e I'easoii to l.i-lievo Ik* jrav'- very 
 coiiililete .-titisi'aetioa lo the L;'o\'eriiiiieiit, to oiU'SocioliL'.-*, 
 and to a.!i wlio knew hitii.' In ISOS, the kick oJ'MijtjKjrt, 
 which dr(»ve ncai'Iy all niairied meii out oi" t!ie Amm.-. icii:i 
 itinera ne}', led liini lo locate an<l enter the ni<T<-..:i*ilf 
 liii.-iness at BaUinioiv , lni'. (he death of his wife, in I^il, 
 liaviii'4' fiwiiished hoili an oii[)or! unity a.nd a call "o; j ■ • .iiuo 
 his life woflc, he aL;"aiii olVered his services to the <"irifcr- 
 eiice, and ri'ceived a.'i a])]ioiii(inent. IFis scc'Oi:d nuK'riago 
 wa> Hot followed hy location, tIion;.';!i coDtiniiaiice In iho 
 itinera;ic\' involved fieinieiitand loiii"" alisence fi'.i-iliis 
 wife and children, who, after ISlT, remained i:: o:m; 
 locality. 
 
 His piety must liave been of a sinii'ularly haj.jA- and 
 (dieei'ful character. His diai'y slujws him to liave eiidiiro'l 
 many hardshijis, yet no c<jmj)lainL. or even releix-ii'-e to 
 Ids fare or eomponsation. can he found in it. i.)n iht; 
 conti'aiy, it ubouiuls with allusions to the i<indiie-- of 
 fi'iends. and to the HU|)p()rt and comfort dei'ived \V"]a th»; 
 Gospel he ]»reached. In 18ol lie became a siqiei-imme/aiy. 
 He, however, continued to labour, as his health v/oiild 
 permit, with inci-easin<;' zeal and acce])tance. until v.-illiin 
 a few months of his death. ITis last sei-mon. af'. :• a 
 jiiinistry of more than half a century, was preached o-j tlic 
 20th of June, 1S42. As he spoke, on the morning of tlial 
 
 :ir 
 
 '! I 
 
!'■.;.: 
 
 330 
 
 in STORY OF METHOD I S^T 
 
 (lay. "Pi ho inaiiifeskiil ami uiivcilol o'loiy of (Jod, i-e-^-rvrf," ! 
 for tho vision of tlio iuitliful when the cartlily >trik- A^ll 
 have (•oa>e;l, his soul seemed to kindle into rajdiflre, m 
 vie'A'of iJie a))]ti'().'U-h of that period. Thedecdiueof Ix-SiSfiFi;. 
 tlieiiceforwaril more rapid, lu'0iiii;liL with it a ceilajiu *y:'Ci' 
 fti>iMii of thought resjiectiiiii; temjioi-al sultjeets, lal «fu 
 that 'if r(dii^i(;ii he was ' ch^ar, calm, ami disjiassiwjiiltsr/ 
 np t ) tlie latest hour oi'Iife. Those who heard, in ibe il.o»Ti>. 
 fea-t. his lust ]>ul)lic utterance, will not soou ibrir<r"l ikvr 
 (leep-toiied feelini^s with which ho spoke of mercie- jia*t 
 and pre-ent, and of his bi'iii;h toning ])rospect of a c-enaiin! 
 and -'lorious immortality. On the morning of the 'HtK 
 of A'lu-ust, 1812, he fell asleep in Jesus, ^^ 
 
 Xo I'Of'Oi-d of the (/Onfcroncc of 171'!', wliicli v:\i- ajj- 
 pointe-l to he held at Wiinlsor on the fii'st Yn^h&ym 
 Junr. has hccn preserved ; and few details of the pr>i^re^^?* 
 of the woi-k in the several cii'cuifs during that vear hA'^^T 
 come down to ns. At Sackvillo, under the niiui^linr of 
 Coopei", appointed to the Cumberland circuit, ^x-Tniral 
 were awalcened, some converted, and professori;; iJiiTii:2:'>r- 
 ate I and excited to fresh activity in their Mastier'i? 'f::ainfi.-HO-/ 
 McC '1! spent tvro months of the summer in St. Jolijj.aml 
 then left the society 'in peace and love,' to retar;;; to 
 his circuit at St. Stephen. 
 
 Dui-ing this year a further reduction in the frliutf of 
 ministerial laborers took place, through the rem-.'iTaifi of 
 William (Irandin. At the close of the (Jonferenc-e h^ re- 
 turned to Liverpool and remained there until DeoMimiier, 
 when he took his der)arture. From that time^lii* marae 
 
 A 1 
 
 lias no place in cnir records, nor in the Minfitieir fCxf tLe 
 Conferences in the United States, to which cotujtjx h^ 
 remrvel. Grandin was but one of a class of ■^v.•!rtIl■i3r 
 men. who were driven, by the ii.tterl}^ insufficient |j)ir''j)VL-ii- 
 
 i' 'Xew Jersey Conference Memorial,' p. GO. 
 
1 
 
 jy TlfE LOWER pnovrxcES. 
 
 
 i;t 
 
 re, iti 
 
 'iJilSilltL',. 
 
 ear luai^t' 
 
 on i'or till.' >u)>])oi't ul' tlu'iiiselvos ami tlicir ramilios, iVoiii 
 II iiiiiii.stiy ill wliicli tlicy liuil doiio noble sorvico. lioss 
 I'loi^uiMil than some oi" his hivlhrun, lie won the I'espL'ct 
 un>l love of those amoni;' whom he hihoi'eil, i>y liis anii- 
 aiile ilisposition and liis unweirieil an I ploddini;- eflorls 
 to save .sinners and huild u[> helievers. Tiie usdiil lives 
 an<l triumphant deatiis of many, blessed under his min- 
 istry, who passed away IVom various parts ot ihe 
 Lower Pi'oviiK'e-. during;' tins half-ceidury whieli followed 
 his I'enioval, prove that he was a workman wlio needed 
 n(jt to i)e asliamed. 
 
 Thus, at the end of ITOO, the band of itinerants, wliich 
 Black' had souL;'ht b}- ])ersistent etfoi't to increase, was 
 reduced to six ; William Black, John ^Fann, .lames Mann, 
 Duncan McColl, ]]eniamin AVilson and .^ohii ("oojier. 
 The leader of these, IJlack, was ab-'cnt from the Provinces 
 at the end of tlic year, having gor.e to seek reinf )rce~ 
 mcnts in another direction. 
 
 ly 
 
 ilil' 
 
 Ul.oTillll of 
 
 le^e fti)'' T^' 
 
 -*<>•- 
 
CTIAPTI-n XII. 
 iJEVIKW (IF METHODISM IN THE LOAVEK PKOV TXCKS. 
 
 Ilalifi 
 II 
 
 i\. 
 
 AT THE END OF 17i)l>. 
 
 rnliealtliy inllueiiccs at Livcrjiool. Slicll 
 
 unu> 
 
 .AIi-s. 
 
 oust.'. Windsor. Dccliiio of tlu' work at >;o\v])ort. Hrlp afloril- 
 vi\ by Hov. W. Twiiiiii^- at Horton. Cuiiiherland. Aimai)olis, 
 Loss ill Nrw I'mnswifk tlirou^-li wiiiit of luborrrs. St. .Tolm. 
 First Mctlioilist cliurcli at Naslnvaak. SliflMcdd, McCoU at St. 
 iStopl 
 
 U'!\. 
 
 I'rin 
 
 cv 
 
 jnw a 
 
 nl 1> 
 
 Total nR'ni])i.'rsliii) in tii 
 
 I 
 
 owtT L rovinccs. 
 
 L 
 
 ,'s !)}• removal frojn Halifax and St. John. 
 Solution of till' question wlR'tliir tiu' [Methodism of the Lower 
 l'r(!\ inces should be after the Enulisli or American type. Lillneiicv' 
 of American Methodism upon that of the Lower Province^. Views 
 of the early Provincial Methodists respectin-,' the Ejjiscopal 
 Cluirch. Wesley's advice upon tlu' subject. Period o\' final 
 sc]):iration between ^Tetlndists and E])iscopalians in the Lower 
 rrovinees. Attack of the Episcopal Bishop. 
 
 Tlio year ITI'O forms an vvd in the ^rclliodisia of (1 
 
 1 1' 
 
 Low 
 
 vr 
 
 I'ovincc 
 
 'V] 
 
 nc i; 
 
 -t ol tll()> 
 
 
 la! 
 
 >i)fo 
 
 )!■ a 
 
 horl liMK' 111 j\()va 
 
 An 
 X. 
 
 K'l'K.'an iifoac 
 
 Scoti 
 
 a a 
 
 ii.l 
 
 ow 
 
 l)i'UllS\Vlt,'K, 
 
 d Ihon i\\iii'iiL"l 
 
 :) till 
 
 AN'o; 
 
 Unit',',! Stalos, had iiikcn i 
 
 lis (loi>a:Mii 
 
 T 
 
 wo. Will) li; 
 
 foaelu'd the Pfovinees iVoiii the American ConleroiUH', 
 indeed, i'emaine<l. I.'iil one of these settled, a year or t\v > 
 later in New Bi'iinswick', while lli 
 
 e o'ner \vas soon dis 
 
 nil 
 
 vSO< 
 
 I from ihe niinistrv. 
 
 And 
 
 th 
 
 (,' end oi 
 
 JjJaek. the e;u'nesl a.nd aetive siiperintendei 
 
 ll, WHO 
 
 had 
 
 seen 
 
 lal 
 
 loreiN ai' 
 
 md denarl, until, with new e 
 
 Hi.- 
 
 lor 
 
 in 
 
 inislerial lalior retiehim'- him. he found himself unah 
 
 to su])|il3' the c 
 
 ahlished eii 
 
 eui 
 
 ha.l left y<iva Seotia, 
 
 1o seek', in another <jiiarli'r. the assistance he cijuld no 
 hunger obtain from the neij.;'hboi'ing repulillc. 
 
 A t•evio^\^ at tliis ]ieriod of transiliou, of the state of 
 the circuits, in which churches had in jiart heeii |»lante(l 
 and cherished hv tlio eneru'\' and devotion of the Ameri- 
 
7.Y TJIE L WE 7/ FIW VrXCLS. 
 
 iJ.J'J 
 
 INCES. 
 
 ■1]) alVonl- 
 LUiuqiiili--- 
 St. John. 
 :oll at St. 
 \\\\) in tlu" 
 ISt. .lolni. 
 lir LowiT 
 Intlueiu".' 
 
 Episcopal 
 1(1 of final 
 the Lower 
 
 
 coUii ai 
 
 a 
 
 k in 
 
 WOl'lv 
 
 ai' o 
 
 V t\v.> 
 
 DOll (1 
 
 Ol 1 « 
 
 Wil' > 
 
 caiir 
 
 IT'.*'.': 
 liaa 
 
 1m !■ 
 
 It' una 
 
 Iva Scotia, 
 
 rollU 
 
 I no 
 
 M 
 
 tato of 
 tod 
 
 n |)lau 
 
 call ilineraiils ; vjul aii o-litnalc (if l!u- iiifliioiU'e cxi'vU'i! 
 iipoii 111'/ ,M.»'lho(!i'-i.i ol' the I.owor 1^'oviiicc.s li_\- tli;;' of 
 the Unitoil Sta1e.<. !;ir()iiL;ii tlic jjix'^chcc of tliosr itiiiei'- 
 aiil.<, ^vill not he unintorcstiiii;;, nor ;miii.siriic!ivr. ^r;i- 
 t'ji'I'ils for sui'M a juii'poso a/e i'cw aii'l !Vai;-!iiciitar_\ — tlic 
 i''!U.':li>li iiiiiiut;'s in '.vliirli tin.' I'otiiriis fu>i' IT'.'-I arc .ujiio.l 
 for several year;^ in sueccoioii, Ijciiig of no u.m — yet a 
 
 (■o)i\p;ira!)voly (.'(MtocI view ma 
 
 •I, 
 
 y l)c ()!'taii!c:l fc in tiu 
 
 .1. 
 
 u' 
 
 Amor 
 
 icw (loi'UiiUMi!.- oi t!u' 'lay winch Ikiw i;>.'oii pi-csci\cil. 
 
 in Halifax, llic chiu'cli. !lic ctH'iicr stCHicof whicii liU'l 
 rccii la.iil l»y Jc>>op. provi'lcd accoiniiioil.itiori for a.boul 
 ni:ic Iiuiiilrot! )ic'ai'ci'>. i'iaier, ^vho cIoihmI hi- jit<>\iiici;il 
 jiiiiiistry in that to\vii. in tlicaiiiiinni of 17!),'^. prc:i.-iic'l !o 
 •very iai'uc" c(ini;-rv'i.;':iii().is. with ■ inuc'li lihciiy and 
 :-atistactio!i.' Tiio.-o c!KiMi;"csin t]'a>Ic \vlii>h Icil t • nn;uy 
 arrival aii'I dcjiartiircs alTcctC'l at the same lime tlu' 
 nlelnher^hi|) ol' ih.c chinch. The niunhor of ihc-;' was 
 al>o occasionaliN' inthu-ncoa l»v the movements of iiriiirji 
 fcu'inicnls, union^- whom Mcthoilism <!i;l. at thai .lay, a. 
 'juiot. hut .MKjccsnful work. A roi^imont wliich h f f 
 (j^iiohcc for irtilifax. in IT'.'"', containcil twciuy-.-^ix incnn 
 hcrs(jf liu' ]\let!ioili.-<i I'lnn-ch. Accordim;" to the :<.'tiiiiis 
 iif memhei'shij), ma.ile at ihe Conference of iT'.f^. — tin 
 latest of whicli ^ve hi've heen ;ihle to avani oiir-<'!\a's — 
 tin' church in llalifrx consisted of one hundred and 
 iweiUy mend)ers. amonu' whom, said an ilineranl. were 
 .some of 'tin.' e.veellei>l (.)nes cf the earth.' 
 
 From Liverpool, v,-here the congregations \vo:-,- hij,pcd 
 in a ' neat, kirge building,' capable of containing li\eor 
 six hundi'ed j)erson.-, :i ini'mher.ship of one hiindi'.. 1 and 
 thirty was ;il the -amo time reported. Already, how- 
 ever, a tendency towards 'ebb and flow' in religious feel 
 nig was observed in that circuit. "^Phe title at thi- [leriod 
 was at the ebb. The social inihicnces of the place. 
 
 

 ■■r» 
 
 1' I hi : r : 
 
 33^ 
 
 mSTOEY OF METHODISM 
 
 and the public balls, had developed in the minds of the 
 yoiini^ a spirit unfriendly to rcliu'ion, and to those who 
 .sought ffoni the ]uilpit to ]>oint out 'a more excellent 
 way.' The business of Liverpool at the close of the last 
 century was also unfavorable to religious ])i'osperity. 
 The merchants of that tonn, who had sutfered severely 
 through the capture of a number of their vessels engaged 
 in the West India trade, had entered heartily into priva- 
 teering, and had fitted out several vessels to prey upon 
 the enemy's commerce. The influence of a business 
 which has since been condeinned as unjust, by nearly all 
 civilized nations; the departure of privateers, chietly 
 manned from the neighborhood, and their frequent re- 
 turn with, prizes; and the influx of strangers, who came 
 to purchase the captured vessels and their cargoes, were 
 unfavorable to religious thought and practice. 
 
 The me!nl)ership of the Shelburne circuit, which in- 
 cluded Shelburne, Barringlon, and the intermediate set- 
 tlements, was reported to be one hundred fift^'-eight. 
 The changes, which had led to the almost total depopu- 
 lation of the town of Shelburne, had seriously 
 affected the membership of the circuit, [N'ot less than 
 two hundred and fifty of those who had professed con- 
 version through the agency of the early Methodist 
 laborers had been Bcattei'cd abroad. James Mann, sta- 
 tioned on the circuit in 17JM), rejiorted the work as Aveai-- 
 ing 'a better aspect.' Sei-viccs were then held at .Shel- 
 burne in a sail-loft in Aim street, fitted \\^ for the 
 purpose with pulpit and benches ; in Barrington, during 
 the summer, in the old meeting-house at the head of the 
 harbor ; and at the other settlements, in private houses. 
 At the head of those members who resided in the town 
 of Shelburne was Eobert Barry, who had clung to its 
 destinies, while with sorrow he had seen thousands dc' 
 part. 
 
7;v' THE LOWER PROVIJSTES. 
 
 
 the 
 who 
 [lent 
 
 last 
 ;rity. 
 cvely 
 ^•tigcd 
 )i'ivu- 
 
 upon 
 
 ■ly all 
 ■hiclly 
 nt re- 
 ) camo 
 , were 
 
 ich iii- 
 
 itc :~et- 
 
 I'-eight. 
 epopu- 
 'iou^^ly 
 s than 
 CM I con- 
 thodist 
 nn, Hta- 
 
 lit Shel- 
 ter the 
 (luring 
 of the 
 I houses. 
 he town 
 k- to its 
 luids do* 
 
 As.-;oc'iated wilh IioberL "Bari'V, in the 1 
 
 OS 
 
 )u!>lh du- 
 
 ties of the church at Shelburne, was his sister Hli/al.eth. 
 Elizabeth Iknywas ac(>nvertof(.'a])taiu Wc!jI», whoa; ilie 
 
 commencement of the .Revolutionary war liad re 
 
 iie( 
 
 I 
 
 to England. Wcl)l)'s native talent, says Tyei'iiUin. • was 
 respectable; he had seen much of life; his odaealion ena- 
 bled him to read his Greek Tesiament, which is si ill a 
 inuch-])rized i-clic in America; his enthusiasm w;i- al- 
 most unbounded; and liis im])assione<l eloquence smukv 
 
 times ovorwhelmin! 
 
 r 
 
 ortsmoutii, the residence 
 
 (>; lUC 
 
 ]]ar!-y family, was favored with his services. •Here 
 crowds of sailoi's and soldiers listened with all ji-.i 
 
 Veneration to th 
 
 CI 
 
 iristian wai'rior, wdioso s 
 
 ha^i 
 
 lUC 
 
 en eve 
 
 ive evidence of his active service, and under the -|inii 
 
 taneous elfusions of his lioly eloquence trembled 
 
 nc 
 
 y 
 
 v,'ould not have treml)led ow the held of battle, and Weot 
 
 i. 
 
 on account (d'sin, when they would havebCi^rned 
 
 o ^\•e^.M) 
 
 o 
 
 1' 
 11 account of ])aiu.' Others also listened to him with 
 
 deep intere-t. On a certain day, on which he ])re;.(died 
 at Portsmouth, Elizabeth Barry, with some lhi)n,glii less 
 vouuLC friends, went to liear him. He read for his text, 
 'The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the na- 
 tions that forget God.' As ho described class aftei" class 
 to whom these words were ap]»licable her attention 
 was iiri'ested. For a time she inwardly replied to the 
 preacher, as he described certain characters, > This 
 doe.:5 not apply to me ;' but, before the close of the ser- 
 vice, the Spirit had made such an ap])lication of the 
 truth to her conscience, as caused her to i-eturn to her 
 home under the conviction that she was a sinner, ("on- 
 viction in her case was soon followed by conversion. 
 Robert Barry loved his sister wdth a dee])er affection, 
 now that he in a strange land, and she at home, had bo- 
 come partakers of the common salvation. As he was 
 
• > in 
 
 IirSTORY or JIII-JTJIODISM 
 
 ■;»■■ 
 
 iM^ 
 
 1 ] 
 
 i ■ 1 
 
 1 i 1 
 
 IM 
 
 1 > 1 
 
 M- 
 
 a j |! 
 
 1 i ■' 
 
 i,' 'i 
 
 ■) ,i' 
 
 ( 
 
 s 1 
 
 >' iJ 
 
 ' !'■ ! ■ ' 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 - . ,1 H 
 
 ll 
 
 k 
 
 1 , t 
 
 ! , M 
 
 •i 
 
 1 
 
 '.hen i;i;i!iai'i'it'il lie iiiviled lioi' to ('(/iiio cut to 
 Siu'nii!. !K'. and Iv.'cp ludisf ii<v liim. SIic \v\\ homo 
 with ih;' ijit(iiliou of rrturnina: Mftci- a tiiiu', hut h'.-v 
 niai'!'i;,_.;'(\ in \1'>''>>, wi'.h I'r. -John rioose, ii sur^'coii of 
 one of t:hi(' (li--l>an'U''l I[<'^sian vcgiiiionN, fixed livr rcsi- 
 (leiK- ji. ; nianently nl Shclhnrno. IFoi' Iiouso hocanu' 
 a Methodist eciitiv, and at a hiUM' [leriod, llio liomr of the 
 you'iij.' niMiistcr f-iationcKl on tlie cirvuil. In Sejilcinhei', 
 182 [. ;.to-i' years of ' ji;iin and leei.)!encs8 extreme.' r;ht' 
 eritei'i' 1 inio rest. 
 
 Til.' Wiudsoi- Liieiiil, \v!)ie]i eml.u'aeeJ Iloiton. (\>ru- 
 wall'i.'. i''alr.i(;ulh, Windsor and Xewporl, Iiad ^;Uiircd 
 [Mjve.xly iVom ;. hick' orminist^'rial oVursi^dit. FronL this 
 eireuit ..■ nK mhersliij. t)l" eii;-hty was i-o])orted. The 
 (diu:> !i ■'■ \\'ind:M)i', ^^hieh i-.omo eau ycl iemend)e'r, then 
 stood ii-./aily hall' a mile IVoni the vi!hi;;e whieh hi}' along 
 lhi> i-anl:- of the Avon. iJurini; the winter. siM'viees 
 weie i!>'id in dwelliiiL;.s, and in the vvor!c,dioi» of Waiter 
 lJiei-:ard.s. The vi-its of tiie ])reaehers vrero occasional 
 latlu',' iitan re^ailar. A iiiinisler who halted at Vind--.oi'. 
 ;nid p.v ;: -lied there one evenini!; in th.o autumn of ISOO, 
 1) a • re.>[iectal)1e little eoiii|)auy," in a ju'ivate dwoiiirig, 
 noted with rei;'ret. the deidiiie of' vital Chrisliauity,' and 
 the |);\va!eiu'e of ' iiidilfcreriee, gaiety and liishion,' yet 
 rejoie.d over a few who worshi{^[)ed (lod in the sj)irit. In 
 Nev.-j).,il, a sad decline had taken place. The |)a:-'-age of 
 year,-. ;:. I'd the care of a luimcrous family luci le-,sened 
 Joh'A -Mann's power to lalior. Soon afier his ari'ival 
 ul Newport a revival of i-are ])ower and extent had 
 liken jdace under his ministry, but, fj'oni causes upon 
 which it would he Idle to dwell, a severe j'eactioii liad. 
 followed 'Multitudes,' says James Mann, in a hlogra- 
 phical >!ce tcli of his brother, ' flocked to hear, and a socie- 
 ty wa> iormod which consisted of about sixty members, 
 
ly THE LOWER FROVnr'ES. 
 
 337 
 
 mo-.! of whom li:vl cx|)ericiK'C!l u ha])])_y chaiici.'o from 
 
 I- y<^^ 
 
 soiled 
 
 hi luul 
 upon 
 
 , h'A'A 
 
 lilogra- 
 
 ]Ki(ii:-o to <i'i"ieo, from sin to lioliiic: 
 
 ami lVf)m l.oiihi! 
 
 to 
 
 il)orty 
 
 It is liowovcr lO lie lani'-ntciL thai 
 
 a few N'oars at\oi'\vai'<l the woi'lc hogan to ilccliiie ; anil 
 many loft the society, IMI into the Antinomian (h'liision 
 and joined the ^.'e^vli^■llts, ^vhile others fell into op^'n 
 sin, whic'.i caused him many painful and soi-row fiil 
 
 le 
 
 liours.' In July, lT!*d, a lot, of laml was <;i\-cn for 1 1 
 erection of a chui'ch at Xewpoi't, and duriiii;- the follow- 
 in:;' mondi :inolher lot was placed in t!ie luMids of trus- 
 tee- at Ivennetco )!c, foi" the same purjx^e. 'flie erecti(^n 
 of the cliurcli at Xewjiort \vas al once proceeded with, 
 but no steps towards the huildini'; of that at Iveiuietcook 
 seem to have been l:>!<en foi' a number of veai's. 
 
 At llorton, wheiH.' many of tho.-e who had leen con- 
 verted under the ministry of Dlack and (iarrett:-on liaij 
 been lost to ^lethodism throui^'li the lack of ];asioraI 
 ctire. a immber remained faithful. To these the K[)iscopal 
 minister of Cornwall is, AVillitim Twinino', ]ireac!u'd once 
 ill three weeks, in their own church at l^ower llorton, 
 where ho also froipiently administered the Loi'd's Supper. 
 Uj)on the separation of Cornwallis, inlTOO, from AVilinot 
 and Aylesford, all of whieJi phices had been uiidei- the 
 charge of one minister, tlio Committee of the Society 
 fo!* the Propagation of the (Jospel in Foreign Parts had 
 a])pointed Mr. Twining, ])reviously tlieir missioiuiry at 
 Exhuma, one of the Bahtimas, to the pastoral charge of 
 Cornwallis. lie had entered upon the work of the min- 
 istry without that personal expei-ience of salvation which 
 must over be the grand qualitieatiou for that ollice. 
 When Black first met him, in the autumn of 1703, he 
 saw but dimly God's method of saving men, yet lie was 
 suificiently enlightened to discern in Black an ambassa- 
 dor of Christ, to receive him as such, and to hear him 
 
338 
 
 IIISTOV.Y OF METHODISM 
 
 !,! 
 
 • I. 
 
 pn.'uch. Black wi-ite.s respoctiiii!; liim, iiilSOl; ■ lM)r 
 scve'i-al \-o;u-s thu Ucv. ^Iv. Twiniiii;', a iiiiiilstcr of llio 
 Eslalilished (.'hiircli, aiul iiiis-^ionary, ii'sidciil al Coin- 
 wallls. has once in tlircu weeks prcaelicd i:i ou:' cliapel 
 al IFsti'ton, and t'i'e(|ucntly adniinistered tlie Jio;'d"> Slip- 
 ])e!' to oil)' j»e()j)lo. Aliout five oi' six \\'ars ai;';*, he was 
 hroui;-ht. loexi)e!'ieiK'e the e()nvei'tini;\i;Taee ot'dol. tVoni 
 which time ho has not shunned to ]»reacli the )iece>sity 
 of I'eixcneration. and wai-nily to ])i'css on llu' consciences 
 oi"his hearers this and tlieotlicrdislini^Miishinu' doctrines 
 of the (Tospoh lie has l)eea fre([uently present at the 
 meeting of the chiss, when lie has sjjoken witli much 
 sweetness, Inmiility, and thankfulness of the grace of 
 Jesus Christ, and of the Lord's dealings with his soul; 
 and has somotinios met the society hinise'.f. ILisaltach- 
 ment to the >[eLho lists, and his plain nninnerof pleach- 
 ing the (lospel, have brought U[K)n him much rejjroach, 
 and considerable trial tVom some, from whom nrich 
 encouragement ought to have been received. l^^Mijamin 
 Belcher, Es(p, one of his vestry, who had been hi- pi-in- 
 ci[)al ()[)i)onent, and had laid many charges against him 
 before the i)ishop. on his death-bed sent lor 3I.r. Twining 
 to pray with, him, and in his will left two luindred 
 pounds tovv'ards building him a cduirch.' After conver- 
 sion, Mr. Twining thought seriously of })lacing himself 
 under the direciion of the ^[ethodist Coni'ereiice. Black, 
 it is said, advised him to remain in the Episcopal C.iurch, 
 believing tlnit his continuance there would enable him 
 to do good in circles not then accessil)le to a 
 3Iethodist minister. This advice — based upon an 
 assumption, which, possibly'' correct at that day, now 
 . detains some men of true piety and devotion in a Church 
 where by their personal ministry they benefit the circle 
 of their parishioners, while by the influence of their 
 
ly Till: LOWER FBoriycEs. 
 
 33!) 
 
 names and cliavat'ter thev leml a much larii'or iiumlioi" 
 witliin the ranu'c of opiiiions and }»rae-tic'es, which ihcy 
 themselves uUerly condemn — Mi'. Twining Tollowe'd ; 
 but to tiie end of his days retained a warm rcgai-d for 
 Methodism. Ai'ter havini^ discharged for several ycai's 
 the duties of parochial minister and garrison chaphiin 
 at Sydney, O.B., ho removed t<j Liver])Ool, where he finish- 
 ed a h)ng term of service, universally j'esjsected and la- 
 mented. His son, John Thomas Twining, u.d., for many 
 years held the positir)ii of garrison cha]»laiii at Halifax, 
 and attended to the duties of that otiice with rare lidelity. 
 
 The Cumlterland circuit was situated partly in Nova 
 Scotia, and partly in Xew Briuiswiclc. It consisted of a 
 chain of settlements, stretching from tlie Xappan river 
 on the east, to the Peticodiac river on the west, a dis- 
 tance of about forty miles. The princij^al places were 
 Sackville and Point de Hute. From these the minister 
 extended his labors to Horchestei', Amherst, Fort Lawr- 
 ence, Fort Cumberland, Bale de Verte, and Xap])an. an<l 
 occasionally to Wallace. At Point de Bute stood the 
 'stone chapel,' surrounded by woods; at Sackville stood 
 another cha})el ; at Amherst, the inhabitants listened to 
 sermons preached in the court-house; while, at Fort Law- 
 rence, tlie house of Thomas Iloach, Esq., and atXa[)pan, 
 that of Mr. Pike, answered the pui-pose of a church. 
 At Dorchester, services were held in dirtercnt dwellings, 
 to accommodate a scattered population. In this large 
 circuit there had been little growth for several years. 
 Under the labors of Cooper, in 1799, a few gleams of 
 liglit encouraged weary watchers, but these were not lid- 
 owed by pure and perfect day. Wallace, so far distant 
 as to be regarded an appendage, and not a part of the 
 circuit proper, and therefore seldom visited, presented a 
 pleasant exception to the general character. ' Tlierc,' 
 
11 1! 
 
 1- :•!' 
 
 !;> 'to': 
 
 m 
 
 
 340 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 wrote Black, ' the most abandoned liave for a numLer of 
 years become the m^st or<lei'ly and ])ious part of the 
 country/ while 'civil and i-eli^ious disc-ordsliavc render- 
 ed ahnoft vain, all the lahor.-^ bestowed on the other 
 parts of the circuit.' One hundred and twenty members 
 were reported fnnn Cumberland at the Conference of 
 1798. 
 
 The neighborhoods in the Annapolis circuit, extend- 
 from Wilmot Mountain to the Waldcck settlement, had 
 been frequently vi>itL'd with revivals, throui!;h which 
 lar^•e numbers were broug'ht into communion witli 
 Christ, and fellowship with His Cluirch. In this circuit 
 131aclv had won souls for his Master at the beginning of 
 his itinerancy ; and Cfrandin liad also successfully la- 
 bored tliei'C for some time. In 1852, Abraham 
 Lent, of Clements, who, with his worthy wife was among 
 the tirst converts under Grandin's faithful ministry, fin- 
 ished his consistent course when nearly a hundred years 
 of age. Eighty members were reported from the cir- 
 cuit, 'nearly all of whom,' said Black, ' profess an ex])eri- 
 mental knowledge of Je-us Christ, and of His redeeming 
 love.' With regular services and proper pastoi'al care the 
 number gathered into church-membership would have 
 been very much larger. About tliis period a neat little 
 church, capable of seating four Jmndred persons, 
 was erected at Annapolis. Several visits had been ])aid 
 to High}", after the removal of the colored people to 
 Sierra Leone, but without any satisfactory results. The 
 Large amount of smuggling carried on at Digby, at the 
 close of the century, in addition to the Sabbath trading, 
 visiting, and drinking; the neglect of public worship; 
 and the profane swearing, of wliicli the worthy rector, 
 Eoger Viets, complained in an address to his parishioners, 
 at Michaelmas, 1789, and for the suppression of which 
 
 .1 ' 
 
7.Y THE LOWER PliOViyCES. 
 
 a 
 
 he bo,<^,i,^C(l the inn<i:isti'at'v>i to use their anthoi-ity. hail cx- 
 ci-teil a biiuet'iil inlhience upon the iiihabituiits of that 
 pliU'e. 
 
 From the hiclc of laborers the work in Xew Di'ii 
 
 n:-- 
 
 wiek sulferetl more seriously, if possible, than in Nova 
 ♦Scotia. Fields white unto the harvest received noalU-n- 
 tion, while settlements where a ii;ood work had bi-eii 
 beg'un obtained a so small proportion of pastoi-a! caiv 
 that the societies i'oi'me«l were soon scaltei'ed. T!ii"oiii!;h 
 these causes the circuits in that proviiu'c Imd so i\\v lo>t 
 their idenlit}', that at the conference of HOB, their 
 names were not jilaced upon the Minutes, — the nanK' 
 of Xew Ih-unswick only a})pearinLi; in coiniection with 
 the one hundred and eiii'hty-four members returned i'roni 
 that province. Of the number of members repoi-tcfl, 
 about oii;'hty were resident in, or vei-y near St. .lohn. 
 In that town, the services licld in the church ]>urchased 
 during Bisho]»'s short pastorate, and su])posed to seat 
 four hundi'ed ])ersons, were well attended. The remain- 
 ing portion of the reported mcmbei'ship wei'c to ])e found 
 at St. Stephen, and in the societies formed at Shefliold. 
 Xashwaak and Fredoricton. The distance of the last 
 three societies from their friends at the mouth of the 
 »St. John permitted them to receive l)ut a very small 
 .'<haro of attention from any ministers who might find 
 their way for a time to the city. The discouragements, 
 in spite of which Duncan Blaii- and his few friends ut 
 Fredericton still held on their way, have been ])ointed 
 out on a previous page. The first Methodist cluirch at 
 the Xashwaak was built in 170."). It stood in front of 
 the lot on which the Presbyterian church now stands. 
 Shelter, and not beauty, was the object of its builders. 
 It was built of logs, and floored and ceiled with lioardy 
 Bnwn by liaud; a piece of plank, supported by four posts 
 

 (i 
 
 JITSTOIiY OF METHODISM 
 
 served for a desk, while a similar arrangement of snita- 
 Ml' licin-lit formed a seat ibr tlie jireaelier. The hearers 
 jtrovided their own seats. Tn this ehureh some of tl.o 
 <»ld foi'e- fathers of the liamlet learned of Christ. One, 
 who Knew well the early .^^ethodists of Sheffield, most ol 
 whom h:id heen T^ongregationalists, writes of tliem as 
 • woi'thy ohl professors, veiy diseerning ]»eo|)]e, and lit- 
 l'/i'ly. veiy pious and lovinii; disei])les of Christ.' Sin -o 
 the d(_'i)arture of Fidler tlie services conducted l»y the'r 
 own ]iastoi's had been few and irregular. Undei' smdi 
 eirrumstanees, mueh increase in numbers could not bo 
 expected. 
 
 ' If this river,' Mlack wrote in 1804,' 'had been properly 
 sujiplic'd Willi suitable preachers, f )r twelve 3'ears back, 
 almost the entire country for two hundred miles together, 
 would have embraced the ]\[othodist doctrine. That 
 time is now lost; they are deeply initiated into the mys- 
 teries of Antinomianism, which in some instances has 
 pi'oduced extravagances, hardly to bo surpassed in the 
 whole historv of eutliiiHiasm. Most of those who were 
 in conne 'tion with Mr. Alline, iind are here commonly 
 called " Xewlights," have lately, both ]n'cachers and 
 jieople, assumed the name of Baptists, and are become 
 somewhat more sober, both in doctrine and disci])linc. 
 Their doctrines lormerly were a strange mixture of 
 3Iysticisni and Antinomianism. They have now adopted 
 a looser kind of Calvinism than o-enerally ju'evails in 
 England. Yet there are amongst them many very ])ious 
 ])ersons who deeply lament these disorders, and to whom 
 I feel my heart united in the Loi'd Jesus Christ.' ^ 
 
 The ])osition of J)uncan ]\rcColl at St. Stephen ro 
 semblcd that of John Mann at Xewport. Each dwelt on 
 his own lands, whence he made occasional excursions to 
 
 ' 'Methodist Magazine,' 1805, p. 190. 
 
 ' It 
 
 ii^l 
 
]x Tin-: LOWEJi rnoviyncs. 
 
 lopted 
 ills in 
 ])ious 
 whom 
 
 otlici- iioi'l'ioiis of (lie i'u'M, while ]io (l('Vi>fi.Ml the hli•^•cl• 
 .<li;iic i>r his tiiiu' lo iho hicnlilics iicainv-t lii-< honu'. 
 
 () 
 
 ic iliiiV'r(.'ii(H' I'xisicl. — a rhihlh'ss Iioiiic h-:t Mi (■nil 
 
 more \'\\\' to extend hi:^ lahois. \\h('i'e lie or hi-, l-icthrcii 
 discei'iKMl ]);'c'>>liii;' iieeil. His IV("|iit':it ali-ciifo tV.'iii St. 
 .Sli']i1ii':i was n(;l calculated to iiromote t|jc* j»i"o-|,ei':ty of 
 
 11 
 
 () 
 
 le w )!• 
 
 f it:'".", h 
 
 ill tli: 
 
 ai't of the i> 
 
 province, yel. 
 
 ill t! 
 
 le aiiMiinn 
 
 d 1 
 
 le was clieered liy conversions m sei'tTuI jiai'ts 
 of the circuit. 
 
 The island of St. Joliii. to wliicli. in \1'M\ the nanic of 
 J^'incc Iv'ward was o-iven. had cea^ed to ajijiear in tlio 
 ^liiiMtC';. No i)i'cacher had visited it. suh>o<jiH'iJl!y to 
 ]}la(d:"s Joiii"iey thithei' in the autninii oj']7li4. and even 
 till' iiondnal retui'ii of ineinhei"slii]i had heeii allowed to 
 droji from tlie list, .I^enjamin ('ha]ij)ell. in i!i<- aii.-ence 
 of any orosucct ol' ministerial sii])]»ly tVoiii tlic M'-'h )dist 
 ( "onie; ence. had addiressed a k'ltei" to Bislmji luLdis of 
 Xova Scotia, in wliitdi he descrilied the ^'oiritiial iK-cessi- 
 
 J. 
 
 lie> of the inland, and re(|uested aid. To a--i-t him 
 in ihe selection of a pi'opoi' person. .Mj-, ('.hapijeli 
 ask-ed in somewhat suii'ij-ostive style, foi- a man. • i.ot full 
 of iiimself and ])ride. as of new wine, hut a man of .--ensc 
 and expericiice. ahle to teach the way of life and ^alva- 
 tion." 'Idie Jjishoj) liad no su(di man to sj)ai-e, and tliei'o- 
 lore the i-ector of the jtai-ish of Charlotte remuined for a 
 fiirthe:- }ie;'iod the only I'rotestant minister in the 
 i.sland. 
 
 ''Idle total membcrshi]! of tlie JNFethodisl Chtnx'h in 
 the Lower Provinces, at the eommeiicenient of ihi.s cen- 
 tury, iiK!}' lie estihiated at eii;-ht hundi'ed and tifiy. and 
 the miniler of its adherents at about tliree thousands. 
 Tlie ])!'o]>oi'tion of tiie attendants upon ]iublie woivhip 
 to tlie meniberslii]) of the ( "hurch was smaller at that 
 day than at present; as mtm}- of tliose of ■whom the 
 
i 1 
 
 ■ H|4i 
 
 ij hit 
 
 
 m 
 
 i; m 
 
 HISTORY OF MF/niODlSM 
 
 societies were tlu-ii coiiip()>-('(l were iiKlivJilualf;. m"L*> 
 iindei' a sti'oiii;' convielicu ol duty. iiii<l iiiiiicidjjjjiiijjkvi. En 
 niiiiiy iiisttiiices, ]iy their iie;irest relatives, La<i '^<lih- 
 clrawii IVoiii a ministiy wliieli faiU-il in ii.-> ]>i'eseja"aiilii(0'ni 
 (d'<i<»j)i'l irulii t') ali'ord any !<a; islaetoiy an-wer t''.-» "Litt 
 question (;t'(|m'sti()iis, 'JTow shall a in;iii he jii-l xLrh 
 (i.'td.' Jn virw (»!' tlie small stall' <•!' jireacljer* m iht 
 tield. till.' iineeasinii; ojiposition to which t!iey ajMr ^'ixn^e- 
 exposed IVoin nioi'c than one (piai'ler, and the co3a-",irit 
 losses Lv removals, the success indicated \>v ^ha 
 liu'ures used may he reii;ai'ded as of no moan c]iiirii<f'Kr. 
 The loss to the mendici'shi]), from removal ojjjV, Si,£,fl 
 hccn Xi'vy L;'i-(^at. IJlaek, in 1804. e^^timated t?:o«*e 
 from llie chui'ch in Ilalil'ax, fi'om the time of liir it«uBk^- 
 ier to tliat ])lace, at three hundred ; and tho>e f^ojij *fu, 
 Jolin, from the ari-ival of JJishop in I'l'l, at oije hnn.- 
 dred. A few of those v.dio I'emoved uiav Liive 
 i<lentilied ihemsehes with tlie societies in ot h er JjCK tEdi;- 
 cial cii'cuits. hut the L';reat inaiority had eithci' iiViCii*- Co 
 <li>ti'icts where su(di identification w;is impossilile. ^or luiul 
 taken llieir de]>arture from tlie pro\i]ices. Jie-|j..*e';'rii;i:i:^ 
 other disadvanta^'es under which ou;- fatljei'.s ]aI<o»JKil aE 
 this peri(jd, James 3Iaun writes, 'We have I een Lill.'iocliiu;^ 
 as in the lire, scarcely able to keep tho.se wJjofjvHii nim:^ 
 to time ai'e impressed with divine tliinu^s, from !i.f.-i!n.i^ 
 doeoN'ed hv deceivers, or from emhi'Jicinir tLoi^-> m,.vr- 
 iiicious doctrines which are generally disseiLLiiLiir.ti:)l 
 throu,L:;h this eountiy.' 
 
 The tina.l withdi-awal of the American preaiC' 
 through whose lahors, in part, these t^ocktiie- . : 
 been e.staidished, furnished a solution to th-e j.cvrb- 
 lem whether Metliodism in the Lower Pjoviiinnre* 
 should assume the Episcopal form of chuiK-Eb-i'OT- 
 crnment, as in the United States ; or the IVi-^Lv- 
 
7.V THE LOWER PJiOVnWCJ'JS. 
 
 ::ir> 
 
 toi'ian form, as in !^iiL;iaii(l. 
 
 Dii 
 
 riiiii,' till' carluu' 
 
 ■":ci.:^ 
 
 -'nig 
 
 I'L-rb- 
 
 ycars of lioi' Iiisloiy the jirolialiililics had Ikmmi in favDi- 
 of the former. Tlicsollicial (k'siu'iiatiDiis wi'i'c all lliwso 
 of the Methodist Kj)ise(>|»al s(_vk\ The ordination I'lirch- 
 monts, even of those who weri! onhuned in i'aiu'hmd for 
 Ne\vfoundhin<l, were sin-iied hy Cola', as ' IJishoii <»r iho 
 Metliodist Ei)iseoi)al Chureli ;' all Coke's Icttns lo il'ack 
 ■were addressed to liim, as * l'r('>idin<j; I'ildei* of \\\r Me- 
 thodist Episcopal rimi-eli, Tlalifax, Xova Seotia ;" in t'lo 
 Minutes the distinction I)c't\viHMi ' iddei-s' and '(!t'ac(in>' 
 vras earefuily ohserved ; and in llic orii^'inal l)0(>I>; i^\' le- 
 C'ords at Halifax, eoimneneed hy IJla'-lc, tlic Anic; :( ;;n 
 desiL!;nation is used. In their tinaneial arranixt'incnts 
 also, the ministers in Xova Si-otia had adoiiUMl the 
 American rule of ITS"), hy which the annual allo\v;i!ice 
 of each ])i'eacher was ilxed at ' sixt\'-four dollars ami no 
 more.' This virtual adojjtion of Amei-ican litli'- and 
 nsaii'os had not taken jdace without the iin](licd sanction 
 of Wesley. ' Does there not want,' he had written to 
 ]51ack, in 1TS4, 'a closei' and more direct connection he- 
 Iween you of the Xorth, and the Societies under Francis 
 Asbury? Ts it not more advisalile that you sln^uld liave 
 a constant correspondence with each other, Jind act hy 
 united counsels? Perha])s it is for want of this that so 
 many have drawn hack'. ^ The desio-nation, l»y W'e-leV) 
 of Garrettson, as Superintendent of the ^Methodist Sncic- 
 tics in the British dominions in Ameri( a, and the ellbrt 
 made h}' Coke to secure his a])])ointm,ent, furnish a moi'o 
 emphatic expression of Wesley's views. With these 
 views Coke was in thoroun'h sympathy. In ITI'I. he 
 wrote to Black from Chatham, Kent; 'I. don't tind any 
 objection to give the government of the Avork in ^Nova 
 Scoua to the American Conference, on condition that 
 
 » 'Memoir of Black,' p. 127. 
 
JflSTORY OF 21ETI10Dl^M 
 
 
 !f' 
 
 yoii ci.iiiiinio ]»!'i.'^i(lini>; olilor, and that tlic ln'otln'Oi in 
 /j,'(Mi(';'ai ill Nova Srotia will not object lo it.' iilack. \vlio 
 f'oi- in:;;iy WQ- \'^ clioi'ishcd a wisli to I'otui'ii to his native 
 laii<l. v.-a'^ an.\i)UN to see the workplaced under Asbuiy's 
 care, ^i'lie ' onj;;>i'(ii)n' to his removal from the provinee-i 
 ' he endv'iivoi'cd." his ltioi>;ra])]iei' tells us, ' at oik' poriod to 
 ohviaU'. I'V ]);•() I osiiii;- that the Soeieaes in Nov;* Scotia 
 and ih'^ sister j);'ovinces sh.ould oe ti'ansl'ci'i'cd to the 
 Anieric.i i ( 'oniu-xion. Their j)roxiinity to the rnited 
 S;afc-. he w.is then (jro])inion, would ^Tcatlv contribute 
 to tlic cxtcn-ioi^ a!i<l stalality of tlie work, by securinj^ 
 a nioiH' iH'u'uhi!' siipjdy of ministerial au'ency, and the 
 cfticicMt siijii'i'inlendence of the Bisliops.' ' It is now a 
 subject of C(;ii--i(UM'iition amonii; ns,' Black at one time 
 wi'oi(Mo J)is]i(»ji Asbury, ' whether we ouuiit not to put 
 oui'scives under the direction of tlie Amei'ican i}is]i(j])s. 
 1 have mentioned it to some of the ])reac!iers." •' 
 
 Blac!<"s p.'oposal, though in accordance with the 
 views oi Wesley and Toke, was never carried into efi^'ect. 
 The ndiiption ol' a similar ]i!an seemed almost a mutter of 
 certainly wlu'iiCoke I'cceivcd tlio C(-nsent of (iarrettson's 
 lu'etlii'cn to Ills ap]>ointment as Su]Kn'intendent in British 
 Xoi'th .America, but. foi* reasons which 1 ave nevei- been 
 clearly st;)t(^d, lluit ;i]i])ointment was cancebeil. \{ seems 
 probai>!e th:i; sacli a ]>roposal would have been sulimit- 
 ted by Cok'e to the IMvnn'ncial Conference, in IT''^'*. Inul 
 he i'e:ichcd llalilax; but the tempest boi-e him away to 
 the West liiiiies. It seemed still more ])roIi:dile that at 
 the Provincial Confei'ence of 1703, in view of the corres- 
 pondence Avhich had taken ]>hice between Cok'c and Blaidc 
 upon the subject, arrann'oments w(nild be made to place 
 the ])i'ovincial woi'k under the care of the Amei-ican (^Jn- 
 fbronce; but circumstances — often only another word for 
 
 3 'Memoir of Black,' p. 310. 
 
IX THE ZOWJJE PROVIXCES. 
 
 
 . ^v1lO 
 rativo 
 .ury's 
 vinec-i 
 riod to 
 Seotia 
 to tlic 
 rnited 
 
 :ui<i tUo 
 ^s now ii 
 ,ne time 
 .1 1*> p^it 
 iVishopj^. 
 
 cUh tho 
 
 D Offci't. 
 
 nvUlerof 
 li-iott son's 
 in Uritish 
 c-vor I'oen 
 ! t sccm:^ 
 , submlt- 
 1<\\. Irad 
 a\vay to 
 le ill at at 
 lio eorri'S- 
 and Black 
 |^> to place 
 ricsmOon- 
 r Avord tbi' 
 
 X^rovidcncc — led Cuke homou'ard, and tlioui;"h, on n-acli- 
 in^- I']p.ii'land, he wrote Black. ' Xova Scotia and New 
 Bruii>u'i('k are tirst ii])on \\\y list to be visited in all 
 Aincrica," ho novel' looked n])on the countiy, tho rola- 
 lion of the spiritual necessities of wliicli had first stii-i-od 
 his li'iii;i,lless enorg'ies, Jind on hohadf of whidi he liad 
 ma<le Ids tirst ndssionary appeal and collection. 
 
 The link- necessai'y tor the connection, of the .Metho- 
 dism of (lie Lower Provinces with that of the Tnited 
 Stales was thiis inissini;-. and the conse(|iiences heo.-inu^ 
 ol»vioiis, .Vsl.iury felt himself htjund to devote lii> whole 
 energies to liie cultivation of the lai-i;'e field ovei' which 
 he had heeii made overseer ; and tiie American pre.-ichoi's, 
 findin.LC tliemselves in an amhiu'uous ])o>ition tli;iii]i;h 
 the pro'-oeution of their woi-k in a rou'ion heyi-n 1 ilie 
 Itounds of tlieir (leiiei-al Couferenee; and exposeii lo ihe 
 jealou.-y of the I^rovincia.l ( io^■ernmenlS — that of New 
 ]5i"un.-^viek' in ]iar{icular — in C(nise(juence of th.eir inahi- 
 lity as Aniericaii citi/.(Mis to take the oath of allegiance, 
 withdrew <ine after another to their own counti-y. leav- 
 inu' the few oi''u"inal lahorei's to eontinae their work', 
 unaided and alone. Thc'^e, thus ahandone(l. had to '-ult- 
 mit to see tields white unto the harvest, in \\-lii('Ii llu-y 
 had ho[)e:l to gather slieaves, occupied liy otliers. wliosc 
 views of (Jos[)el truth they coidd not sanetiiMi, ami some 
 of v\'hose ])i'aeliees they felt themselves homid to eon- 
 denni. ^Fhenceforward the ordination hy .V^ijui-y of 
 several pi'ovineial preachers, who visited the United 
 States for t lull pur[)ose, constitnteil the only coniieeli(ni 
 of American with I'l'ovincial ^lethodism. 
 
 To s])eculate upon the I'osults ^vhich would have fol- 
 lowc't the ad(/pIion of a diiferent course would \.y' idle. 
 It may. howe\"ei-. he j'emai'ked tliat MA-thodism, which 
 holds hut a foui'lh-ratc position among the Chui'ches of 
 
M ' 
 
 IIM 
 
 IIISTOBY OF METHODISM 
 
 the Lower Provincoa, stands in tlic American Eepublic, 
 and in the Pi'ovinco of Ontario, wliere it was fo.stoivd by 
 tlio Amei'iean Conference, in advance of all other religi- 
 ous ])odies. 
 
 It was, douhlless, well for the future indcpendeiieo of 
 Provincial Methodism that at this formative period, so 
 many American ])rcachei's were associate^] with Black. 
 "With that type of ]\rothodism seen iji Yorkshi]-e, where 
 Weslc}', Kelson and other itinerants, only iiilent on 
 preaching the "Word, as enjoined in the Xew Testanicvd, 
 had no time f)r more elaborate services, Black was most 
 famili.'U". His training had also saved him fioni (he 
 influence of those ' inveterate pi'cjndices,' which hamjxir- 
 cl "Wesley throughout life, and often caused his actions 
 to be contradicted, so far as they could be, by his -words. 
 The early Methodist laity of the Lower Provinces were 
 not, however, unanimous in their opinions respecting 
 the Episcopal Oliurch. The early Yorkshire settlers, 
 who liad withdrawn from it through conscientious con- 
 victions, had no scruples about entii-e sepai-ation fi-om its 
 communion. Those Avhom Methodism, liap])ily for her- 
 self, had gathered from the wrecks of the Congregational 
 Churches, weakened through the influence of the Revo- 
 lutionary war, and broken down through the Xewlight 
 agitation, were equally free from any per])lcxing doubts. 
 It need scarcely bo added that those Methodists, who 
 were of Presbyterian descent, had brought with them 
 as a result of their eai-ly training a measui'C of that 
 spirit of civil and religious indei)endence for wliich 
 Presbyterianism has always been distinguished. On the 
 otlier hand, the small body of Methodists, wliich had 
 reached the Provinces at the close of the war, had cer- 
 tain Episcojial predilections. In New York they iiad at- 
 tended Episcopal services, and had in con&cquenco rc- 
 
 %,i:i% 
 
/:V THE LOWER FliOViyCES. 
 
 349 
 
 iblic, 
 .^(l by 
 -el i pri- 
 
 nce of 
 0(1, so 
 3h\ck. 
 ^vhcl'0 
 '^.il on 
 uncnl, 
 s most 
 in the 
 
 lelion.s 
 words. 
 s were 
 ncctir.g 
 iCtllcrs, 
 us eon- 
 Voiii its 
 for licr- 
 bilional 
 c Revo- 
 cwli,ii;lit 
 doubts, 
 ts. who 
 ]\ I bom 
 of that 
 which 
 On the 
 ich bad 
 lad ccr- 
 • l\ad at- 
 ciu'o re- 
 
 ceived a kindly reco^-nitiou from the eleri;y; and havino' 
 made serious saeriliees for the sake of Britain, it is not 
 strani;-o that they clang with a certain chivalric feeling 
 to a Church, to which, however unjustly, had been given 
 a dearly-loved national name, ilobert Barry, a i-ec- 
 ognized leader among these, when writing many years 
 later to a friend whom he feared to be wavering in his 
 attachment to Methodism, said : ' I was myself at one 
 time so attached to tiie "Church" forms that I o])]»osed 
 the introduction of ])reaching in '• C'hurch" hoiu-s at 
 Shelljurne; and, had 1 had any ])0\verfal auxiliaries in 
 my fiimily circle, I do not kiunv how far my oj^position 
 miuhl have carried me, :Mid wliat mii-ht have I)een the 
 consequences; l>ut it aj)|)ears to me tliat if I had persist- 
 cd I might thereby have preventcl a great deal of good 
 in otiiers, and h;iil T lieen so stilT :is to have withdrawn 
 from my religious friends, I might have retained the 
 form and lost the power of godliness. 'And what thank.-i 
 would the "Church" have given me for it?' It was 
 Well, in this divided state of oj»inion, that a ministry un- 
 fettered by any traditional regard for a National Church, 
 and disposed, indeed, to look u])on such an institution as 
 opposed to real freedom, shoukl have been engaged in 
 the provincial work. 
 
 Wesley's correspondence with his friends upon tin's 
 Buliject was of a prudent and guarded character. To 
 Barry, who had consulted him about some conscientious 
 scruples felt by himself and otiiei's respecting attend- 
 ance upon the ministry of William Walter, d.d. the gen- 
 tlemanly, but gay rector of Shelburne, Wesley wrote in 
 1785, 'I advise you l)y all lawful means to keep favor with 
 your clergymen. If they can do little gO(xl, they can 
 do much harm, to the work of God. They can lay more 
 hindrances in tbo way than you are seusiblo of. If it 
 

 inSTOllY OF METJIODT^M 
 
 1)0 ])ossil)lo, us much as licth in you, livo pcncoalily 
 \vilhall inonliut witli the clei'uy in particular. Il'yoa can 
 doit witlioul violatiuii; youi' conscience, make, am! k'ccj) 
 tlu'in \'oui' tVicixls ; at least, if it can lie avoiih^j make 
 them not youi- enemies.' In reference to the itilended 
 .•ij)j)ointment to Nova Scotia of a Bisho]). upon wlioni 
 CJarrettson had heen led to lool-c with favoi-, Wcsie}', 
 Avho.-.e expei'ience with l>islioi)s o-(>iu'raIIy ha<l nui heen 
 of the liappiest chai*act(M", wrote, Mdo not cxji-tI any 
 liTcat nuittcrs from the hishop. 1 (h)uht his eye is not 
 sini::!e. a.iid if it he not, lie will do little u'ood to you or 
 any (^ne else. It may be a comfort to you to k'liow that 
 Vou li.ive no need oi him: ^'ou want nothinii' tluit he can 
 give.' 
 
 It seems prohahle that the hohling of sei'vices in 
 'Ciiurch' hours, on the completion of the new ^leihodist 
 cluir(di in UaHfax during JossO])'s ministry ihere in 
 17^2, was regarded by Bishop Inglis as a declaration of 
 independence. On no other ground can an exphination 
 be u'iven of a statement — most unjust so far as the 
 Mctliodists were concerned — made to the Society tVu' tlio 
 Propagation of the Gospeh 'These' said the Bishop, 
 in iT^t*), in reference to the Xewlights and othei-s. ' and 
 the Methodists, since tliey broke olf from the '' Ciiurch" 
 and made a formal schism, know no bounds and run into the 
 greatest extravagances."^ The ]3isho[)'s mis-a])))lication 
 of the word ' schism,' simply applicable to a strife with- 
 in a l>ody, and not to any peaceful withdrawal from it, 
 may be accounted for by the frequent and thoughtless 
 manner in which that word is flung by certain ]iarties 
 at those who claim the right to ditter from them in things 
 not essential ; but the effort to establish a coiuiexion 
 between the Methodists and Xewlights, whoso extrava- 
 
 * Report S. P. L. for 1794. 
 
LX THE LOWER PnOVlX<'KS. 
 
 351 
 
 il.ly 
 \ can 
 keep 
 ntikc 
 ■nded 
 ^'hom 
 'sley, 
 I'ei'U 
 •I any 
 is not 
 .-ou or 
 ^v lluit 
 he can 
 
 ce^ in 
 ihoiVist 
 ere in 
 it ion of 
 UKition 
 as the 
 for the 
 V.shop, 
 . ' and 
 hurch" 
 inlothc 
 ieation 
 |\> with- 
 ■•(.)m it, 
 lo'htlcss 
 hiartiea 
 things 
 [nexion 
 Ixtrava- 
 
 .ff 
 
 ancos at tliat ix^riod wei'e in some in<<anei-s alino.a !> 
 
 PC 
 
 yond hi'lit'f, niu>t he ehai'^'ed, not to ■ wan' 
 but h 
 
 ) ' want ofheart. 
 
 le aninuis ot 
 
 M1U-||I 
 
 I > r le- 
 
 came e\i(U'nt iVoni a sei'mcn j)i'cachrd liy him on the 
 9tli ()i'j!i;u'. 17:>:5. In t 
 
 hat se:'ni');i. 
 
 Ill ' \S,"^ ' ■ 
 
 i\' mis- 
 
 d tl 
 
 represented tiiosc who were endeavou; i 
 their salvation v/ith fear and ti'enih'iiij; 
 to the ?irellr)dists. was so 'obvious." 
 
 I ( ) w . ) i 
 
 iH' 
 
 harsh an 
 
 (! ''■"a!i 
 
 litous; tliat Bhiekio't !; 
 
 ii'l liic {\y ;ac 
 
 lii-t'li (■ 
 
 k out 
 
 lll■^ion 
 ■ so 
 
 ut»on 
 
 to reply in jiuhlic to these 'e(|u;'ii_\- iimr! ac'ou- and 
 unfounded assertions an<l insinuation:-.'' A >iniilai' at- 
 tack w;is soon after made Ujio'i tlu- Me!lio'ii>i< by a 
 cleri!:ynian lVi>in lOngland, wlio dvnonnccd i!,;'ii' min- 
 istrv iind doctrines, and bran(ie'l thrm:is -ianntics.'" 
 One turns with a ])lca>;unt sense oi' rrlicf iVom >.uch 
 scenes, to m'/et men like T\viiiliii;and iK'-bri.-ay. to whom 
 reference lias been made on previous jcme--. 
 
 In view of the elforts made at a >uli-e'!neni j-eriod to 
 use the revenues of the country in the i)itere-ts oTa sin- 
 gle bi'aneh of thelJJmrch, the fact that ?deJioili-l - in the 
 Lower Province:') were early leil Ity their guide'^, or iji'iven 
 by their opponents, to stand side by siile with rertain 
 Other branchci of the Chui'ch in the stiaigu-le for e([ual 
 rights, atlbrds much satisfaction.' 
 
 f' ' Memoir of Black' p. 299. 
 "3 lb. p. 299. 
 

 m 
 
 CIIAPTrTt XITT. 
 
 ]METII(M)ISM IN NEWFOUNDLAND, FIJOM THE BEGIN- 
 NING OF 1800 TO THE CLOSl'] OF THE CONFEIi- 
 EXCE YEAli, 1812-13. 
 
 Rcliu'ifjus state of Newfoundland at tlie ]je<,nnninjT of tlio century. 
 I'raisew'ortliy efforts of the British and Colonial authorities. 
 Ivcsults of netj;lect. Ivonian Catliolic jiroselytisni. Arrival of 
 niiiiislers .sent out by the London Missionary Society. James 
 Bulpit. John Keniminixton. John Stretton. (irates Cove. 
 Joliii Hoskins, Jr. Arrival of William Ellis and Samnel Mc- 
 Di)\vell. iiet^uest for a jNIi.ssionary, from Bonavista. A])point- 
 ini'nt of William Ward to that place. Coke's care for his ]\Iis- 
 sionaries. Return of Kennnin.uton to Ireland. Death of Ward. 
 The Avork in Conception Bay. Erection of new clnirches. 
 lievival in Island Cove. John Gosse, Esq. Arrival of Kichard 
 Taylor. iState of the v\-ork at the close of 1812, Sad events. 
 
 Xc'Wioiindlund, as she appears at tlio commence 
 meM( oi'llie present century, presents a gloomy picture 
 vto those vrho value men in accordance with the esti- 
 mate which heaven has placed upon them. Amonu; the 
 cla--s, c;)mposed of merchants, a,i;,'ents and clerks, the ex 
 ten-ive circulation of the low, inlidel sentiments of cer- 
 tain wriicrs of the period, had wrought much evil; while 
 the busy, slavish life of the iishorman, permitting him 
 little time for rest or thought at certain seasons, com- 
 bined with the absence of education, and the constant 
 presence of temptations to tlie great leading sins of sab- 
 bath-breaking and drunkenness, made it ditflcult to prc- 
 t>orve even the appearance of morality. Strong was the 
 contidenco, and severe the discipline, of the faithful few 
 who Avalked with God. 
 
 The ettbrts of the authorities to improve tlie moral 
 and religions state of the thousands Avho were scattered 
 along the coasts of the colony are not unworthy of men- 
 tion. Admiral "VYaldegrave is said to have ordered the 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 353 
 
 nonce 
 iVietui'C 
 |L> osli- 
 i..- the 
 ho ex 
 of cer- 
 while 
 • him 
 , com- 
 nstunt 
 of stib- 
 o pi*c- 
 as the 
 All few 
 
 moral 
 
 tittered 
 
 )t' mcn- 
 
 L-cd the 
 
 distribution of two hundred and fifty copies of 'AVatson'H 
 Apology for the Bible.' Ilis succcs.sor, Gov. Gaml)ier, 
 endeavored to estal)Iish Sunday-schools among the Pro- 
 testants antl TJoman Catholics of St. John's, and the 
 clergyman at Harbor Grace followed his example. The 
 British government was not slo\vin' offers of financial 
 aid. Included in the ex])ense9 of the civil <?stablishment 
 of the island, in 180G, are allowances of fifty pounds 
 each to five missionaries of the Church of England, and 
 a grant of seven hundred pounds towards the erection of 
 a parsonage at St. John's. In 1810, when the number of 
 Episcopal ministers was reduced to two, and the Protes- 
 tants of the colony were showing a ' lively sense' of their- 
 destitution, by building churches in sevei-al of the- out- 
 ports, and by active etlbrts to pi'ocurc a ministerial sup- 
 ply, the British government sought to encourage clo'g}-- 
 men to respond to the calls from Newfoundland, by the 
 promise of a pension of one hundretl pounds a year tO' 
 any one in holy orders who should pi-esent a certificate 
 of having exercised the junctions of his office for ten 
 years in the colony. All these eftbrts, however, availed 
 little ; for in 1815, but three Episcopal ministers were to 
 be found in the island. 
 
 With the consequences of this unwillingness on the 
 part of the Episcopal ministry to ' go over and possess 
 the land' all Protestants in the island arc familiar. The 
 Romish priests saw their opportunity and hastened 
 to use it. Passing from harbor to harbor, with a 
 readiness to brave exposure on the coast, and endure the 
 discomforts of life on shore, which furnished to the minis- 
 ters of the Church of England a worthy but unapprecia- 
 ted example, they pursued their system of proselytism 
 with a zeal worthy of a nobler cause. Their success 
 can only becontcmplatedwith sadness. * It is better' said 
 
W'i 
 
 
 Jlf STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 tlic neglected cle.scemlants of Knu'lisli Pi-otestants 'to lie- 
 long to the Jtoinaii ( atholie (Jliiireh tluin toiione,' as they 
 still hesitated to tbr>ake the faith oi' their ialhei-s, 
 Afler a time, howt-vci-. tlu-y eeased to hesitate; and the 
 inhahitants of v.h«>le settlements, and even disti'iets, 
 placed theiiisc'lvc^ nnder the care of the Jloniish jiriest- 
 liood. 'Thousands alu:ig the coast,' wrote an agent of 
 the London Missionary Soeiefy I'roin Xewfouiidland, in 
 1815, 'have hecome, and are still becoming JJoniaii 
 Catholics. Thei-e is a ])lace called Ciiliits, in Concepliou 
 Bay, where it is said that more than tive hundred per- 
 sons have become Pajtists, who six years ago were Pro- 
 testants.' ^ It is well known that the district of Placeu- 
 tia and St. Mary's, whence, by the census of 18T4, five- 
 sixths of the }»o])ulation were returned as liomanists. was 
 settled by English Protestants, a large ])ro])ortion of 
 whose descendants still occupy the lands ajipropriatel 
 by their fathers. In the absence of the barriers presented 
 in the earh' ])art of the ])resent century by the Congre- 
 gationalists and Methodists, it would be hai'd to tell 
 wdiere this system of proselytism would have ended. — if 
 it may yet be said to have ended. Uiuiided iVom the 
 nationa. exchequer, and only permitted to exist by a 
 toleration, the wisdom of which is still questioned by 
 some Englishmen, these Churches sent forth men who 
 proved, under Providence, the principal agents in saving 
 the Protestantism of England's oldest colony from ex- 
 tinction. In jn-ocess of time this work devolved princi- 
 pally upon the ministrj* of Methodism, but during the 
 earlier years of the centur\', the agents of the London 
 Missionary Society proved themselves active codaborers. 
 
 The first minister, sent by this Society to Xewfound- 
 j'lnd, reached Twillingatc, in Kotre Dame Bay, in the 
 
 * 'Evangelical Magazine,' 1814, p. 75. 
 
ly yEWFOrXDLAyD. 
 
 .».)>) 
 
 Wy 
 \crs. 
 I the 
 
 ■'u'ts, 
 
 I'lL'St- 
 lll 1)1' 
 
 111, in 
 onuin 
 'j)tii»n 
 I |»er- 
 I'ro- 
 laccr.- 
 t, live-- 
 
 ion of 
 n-itUo I 
 eulcd 
 
 o tell 
 
 l-if 
 
 in the 
 
 ed l>.y 
 n wlu) 
 saving 
 )ni ex.- 
 princi- 
 Qg the 
 ondon 
 borers. 
 
 found- 
 ill the 
 
 ett 
 
 s])i'inLC of 171^0. The iuluibitunts of thai [)hnee, throng]) 
 the iufhience of a g'xlly man who liad just ])assrd away 
 froni tlieir settknnent, liad, during the previous year, 
 forwarded a reque-;t for the ap[):)inlnient of a missionary, 
 tlirough the Itev. .lohn Jones, ihe (Anigregational min- 
 ister of St. Jolin's. Early in l7!t!>, .John Ilillyard, a. 
 student at the academy oftlie Rev. Josiali Bull, ]^^e^v))(^rt- 
 Pagnel, was ordained, and sent out to the colony un- 
 der the auspices of the Societ}', in tlie same vessel wliieh 
 carried James Bulpit to Ins a])|iointed ticld on those, 
 tlu'n, veiy distant shores. During the following autumn 
 Ilillyard wrote from Twillingate, ' The pco[)le in gciu'val 
 behave very respectfully, and on the Saltbath their appear- 
 ance is verv devout and becoming. One of them, who 
 
 IS a son 
 
 of the irood man of whom 3[r. J(^nes ixavc vo 
 
 u 
 
 an account, has built a small place in which wc meet 
 three times on the Lord's (hiy, when tliere is nothing of 
 that levity, either in (h'ess or behaviour, wliich is so pre- 
 valent among professors of the gospel in many ])ai-ts of 
 England. I am sometimes almost ready to imagine 
 myself among a company of primitive Christians, met 
 for the worship of the lledeemer. Three ])ei'sons Jiavc 
 applied to me already, who seem under great concern of 
 soul. They seem to have been under this concern for 
 some time. I have begun with a meeting for prayei- on 
 the Sabbath morning, at half-past six, which is well at- 
 tended, and we have a houseful of people every evening 
 to unite with us in family prayer. We have two or 
 three men with a gift in prayer hy no means despicable, 
 and 1 think it my duty to encourage them to exercise it 
 as much as possible. I have begun to keep school and 
 have about forty children to attend to.' Mr. Ilillyard 
 seems in^the course of the next two or three years to have 
 fixed his head-cpiarters in Conception Bay, whence he 
 
 ', I 
 
356 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 liiiii 
 
 '.n. 
 
 made oxciii'Hions into tho nortlicrn partrt of the island, 
 Riitton Morrif4, anothoi' missionary sent out by the same 
 Society, sailed in 1801, but was captured on the voyage 
 by a French privateer. Having been recaptured by the 
 boat of an English frigate, when on the point of being 
 landed on the French coast, he reached Plj'mouth and 
 soon sailed again for his destination. ^ The London 
 Missionary Society, less tenacious in its occupancy of 
 its few mission stations in the British North American 
 provinces than some kindred Societies, only continued 
 its efforts in Newfoundland during the earlier years of 
 the century. 
 
 James Bulpit, who had reached Newfoundland in 
 1799, had tho sole charge of tho Methodist societies in 
 tho island, until 1804. Bulpit was a native of London, 
 who after six years service as a local preacher had 
 been ordained by Coke for the work in Newfoundland. 
 His wife accompanied him to the colony against the 
 wishes of her friends, some of whom in the disposition 
 of their propert}^ gave her a practical proof of their dis- 
 pleasure. Bulpit fixed his head quarters at Carbonear, 
 and thence visited other parts of the Bay. lie soon 
 became popular. His educational advantages had been 
 small, but his natural gifts, wonderful memory, and 
 agreeable manner, soon made him a favorite, even among 
 some of the Eoman Catholics, who testified their regard 
 for him by many little deeds of kindness. On one occa- 
 sion, one of them by whom he was known rescued 
 him from a party of co-religionists, who, only awaii'o of 
 the fact that he was a Methodist minister, had shut him 
 up in a smoke-house, where he must soon have lost his 
 life. During the latter part of his residence in the 
 island his labors were principally dev^oted to Carbonear 
 
 3 ' EvangeliGal Magazine,' 1801. 
 
 
IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 357 
 
 ilanil. 
 
 same 
 
 )yagc 
 
 )y the 
 
 being 
 
 li and 
 
 ondon 
 
 icy of 
 
 crican 
 
 itinued 
 
 cars of 
 
 and in 
 sties in 
 uondon, 
 ler had 
 ndland. 
 nst the 
 Dosition 
 eir dis- 
 bonear, 
 soon 
 ad been 
 iry, and 
 among 
 regard 
 |ne occa- 
 rescued 
 [ware of 
 (hut him 
 lost his 
 in the 
 irbonear 
 
 ■and Blackhead. 'At each of these places,' he informed 
 l)r. Coke during the Hummer of 1805, '■ tlie people attend 
 remarkably well, and I think there is a spui-k of 
 grace in many, but, notwithstanding all my preaching 
 and praying, 'it is not yet become a burning flame. 
 My wife has been in the habit of teaching from twenty 
 to thirty children to read, write and work, for near 
 seven years past. 1 think you would be hii^hly j)leased 
 to see the improvement the natives make in learning, 
 and I hope it will be one great means of their receiving 
 the gos})el as they grow up.' In the course of the fol- 
 lowing year he returned to England. 
 
 Previously to Bulpit's departure John Eemmington, an 
 Irish missionary, reached the island. In WM), Kemming- 
 ton had sought ami obtained an assurance of the divine 
 favor, and during subsequent yeai's had given uniform 
 evidence that his conversion was genuine. In 1802, he 
 was received on trial by the Irish Conference, and sent 
 as a missionary to the Coleraine circuit. Through Dr. 
 Coke's influence he was appointed, at the Conference of 
 180-4, to proceed to Newfoundland. In July, 1805, he 
 wrote from Harbor Gi-ace that he had been * in perils 
 among his own countjymen in these i>arts, more than 
 once ;' but that about ten who were earnestly- seeking 
 redemption had been added to the societies since his 
 arrival. A greater cause of grief than the perils of 
 which he speaks was the absence of such Christian 
 friendship as the warm-hearted Irishman had i;een ac- 
 customed to enjo}' in his native land.' ' I must forbear,' 
 he wrote Coke, 'giving you a full account of all my suf- 
 ferings since I arrived here; not for want of the things 
 of this world : I have all I want, but as yet I have found 
 none to whom I may unbosom myself, save Him that 
 .sticketh closer than a brother.' 
 
:i5S 
 
 JirSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 The loncliiu'ss, of wliicli llic miHsionai'V in Ilii-Ivn- 
 (xracc* coiiijihiiniMl, may sii_n*gest si quest iou i-e-'j^.-K.-niiriii' a 
 lav-laboivr, who had lor soiiio time l>oi-jie iLe B,'«ffiiriien 
 and heat of the (hi v. 1'ho little cliiiivli. wljieL ifirvrr.ton 
 hail hiiilt just beh)W liis own residenee on 'SliU'ltitim'.-i 
 llili." >till remained; and liumhle w'oi',slii]»]»er« *>lallil ')«^reri- 
 |iied tlio henelies wliieh served i'oi* seats, lait ^nTu-KCon 
 himself had ceasiMl to hold his foi-mei" jo'onjiiK'ua j»ohi- 
 tir)n. The daily use of stimulants iiad led Ijjjju- a.-^^ it 
 lias It'll numy sti-orii:; men, to the bi'ink of a jiroeij^k-H.-; an«l 
 had caused the leader, whose utterances had M.-jT^ti to 
 g'uide men heavenward, tolieeomo aheaeon to wanjH>i!&LerH 
 of the dani;-ers wliieli beset the Christiau'ir jjOith. 
 Ilapjuly, after a lengthened absence, he wm* en- 
 abled to return to the narrow ])ath, and to te-lQliy of 
 back-^lidini^s healed. Some 3'eai's later than the j)wrrio<i 
 of whicdi we write, friends bore his body irom lii* Snwwe 
 to the grave with songs of Christian tnumj»!i)- His 
 widow, whose maiden name was Mary Parsons, simjnriiveil 
 him a number of years. A few yet i-emaiu wL..> F.n-iar 
 witiie-'S from ])ersonal knowledge to the iutelligerjiri ■xinl 
 consistent Christian life of Mrs. Stretton. Her air.ten- 
 tion to reading, her fondness Ibr AVesley's Clar^rvian 
 Libraiy,and her admiration for Young's 'Night TLora^iifitV 
 wei'e well-known to her friends. Hence, her con ver sac ion. 
 was >o intelligent, and at the same time so i^i.taff'sr.cia.I^ 
 tliat wliile strangers who called npon lier fref^natt-ntlj 
 listened with a pleasure which was wholly intelJiwniialy 
 .she was looked up to, by the young Chjistiaiii- a.-* a 
 ' mother in Israel.' 
 
 At Gi'ates Cove, a few miles from Old Pi-'!r!lB<f:ari- 
 Eemmington found John Iloskins, Jr. Jii Vii^K Hour 
 families from Lower Island Cove and one froMi OIJ 
 Perlican settled there. A few years later th^-*y were 
 
 ... :H.i 
 
 |l«ll 
 
ly xinvroryDLAXD. 
 
 o 
 
 59 
 
 mr.Lon. 
 
 alJt?ai 
 
 ri'.'iir 
 Obi 
 
 -.-re 
 
 joincl l>_v f)!li(M's fi-oin \\\v foi-iiicr place. Fii 17'.'-, I lie 
 y()Uiii;c'r Il()>l<iiis ^^■('llt then.' as tcaclici'. ami in I^^ttj. 1k' 
 lnM-aiiu' liic class leader of the sell Iciiu'iil. A stnno 
 crecU'il at llie licail ot' his ^^-i-avi! (ells I he visitoi- that he 
 ' I'oi- ihirty-si\- years (li>(haf<;'<?il the tluties dl ])as|(»i- ami 
 tea-'her' in that |>lace : and ' suiTendei-e I his soiil to(iod 
 on the 2^th day otManuary, 1S2S. in (he sewntieth year 
 ol'his ai;'i'.' lieniniinu'tKii. as U'hoi'e.^liy had done in IT'.*."), 
 visited the nieiiiiicrs at I hi.-, and the neii;'hhoring harltors, 
 and exhorto I them to eh-ave unto {\\v Lonl. 
 
 hiiriiii:; the two yea:'s siihse |iiciit to the lU'pai't are of 
 J]iil[)il, IJeinniin^Mon M'as the only Methodist itinei'aiil 
 in the colony. So early as IJsO,"). lie had Ihhmi eni'oiirai;'ed 
 to look foi- the arrival of oihei's. iuit had wailed in \'ain. 
 ill (he spi-iiiL;" of l>>t)->. he sailed for ['aiLi'Iand. and I'eliirn- 
 jni;-. landed at Harltoi' (li-aci' latc^ in Xo\'enilier, with 
 Williani Ellis and Samuel M -Dowell. The three had 
 lnM'n providentially ])revente 1 from lak'in;j,' an eiii'lier 
 })as>ai;'0 in aiiDthiM* vessel, A\diiidi sailed trom rionilnn, 
 hut never rea(died her ilestination in Newfoinidland. 
 
 Iiemmini^ton's associates were coiMiti-ymen of his 
 own. B )th h:i 1 l)'':ui couverti' I in y-mth. and had I'cachcd 
 an a!j;o when wisilom of jiidi;'meiit and viu'oi' of jjhyslcal 
 system may be •>U[)[)osel to he happily comhined. 
 ]Mcl))well was a native of I)i-.>more. While yel a 
 youth ho had boon appointed a class-leader and local 
 ])reacher, aixl as such had been a'Mively employed lor 
 several yoar.s previously to his ap'oointment to Xew- 
 foundlaiid. Ellis, who M'as a native of the Xorth of 
 Ireland, had entered upon the Christian life at tlusau'eof 
 sixteen. Jlis attachment to I'l-otestantism was streni^dh- 
 one 1 l)y some fearful scenes ot' whi(di he was an eye- 
 witness, 'during the Irish rebellion of 17"J>!. While his 
 parents, with all thcirfamily, were concealing themselves 
 
SBlliB! 
 
 
 ii! 
 
 I 
 
 ii*i • 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 w 
 
 ■i: '!' 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 during the battle of Eallynahiiich, throu^^h the cry 
 of one of the chihlron tlieir Iiiding-phice was revealed 
 to the rel)els, by whom, but for the timely arrival of 
 troops, they would have been slain. Less gifted than 
 his exeellent fellow-missionary, McDowell, and thei'cfore 
 less popular as a pi'cacher than he, William Ellis, 
 through the gentk', loving, earnest manner in which he 
 l)rosecutcd his Master's work, won a good report and 
 many souls for his Lord, in the colony which became his 
 adopted home. 
 
 The etforts of the tlircc brethren were blessed with a 
 good measure of success. Before a year had elapsed, 
 tlicy were able to I'cnort an addition to the societies of 
 more than sixty membei-s. Kemmington, by Dr. Coke's 
 request, went north ^vard to Bonavista, during the sum- 
 mer of 1800, to make inquiries about the Indians of tlie 
 island. On his return to St. John's, he informed the 
 Doctor tluit he had met nolndi'.ns there,' l)uthad found 
 at Bonavista 'a peoj)le prep:ired for the (rospel, who 
 entreated him to do what he 'liould to procure them a 
 preacher to reside among them, having ali-eady subscrib- 
 ed liberally towards his support.' The wishes of the 
 iidiabitants of Bonavista wei-e also earnestly presented 
 in a letter to Dr. Coke, by John Bland, Msq., the chief 
 magistrate of the place. That gentleman, though said 
 by some to be ip^lined to scepticism, had not forgotten 
 the illness of Creorge Smith, or lost sight of his self-deny- 
 ing laljors in that settlement, though nu)ie than ten 
 years had i)assed since the return of that minister to 
 England. ' Mr. Smith, or such a man as ^[r. Smith.' ho 
 'wrote, 'would find a very coi'ilial rec plion from 
 the inhabitants of this bay. Much must depend 
 upon the character of the man sent. We want 
 in this j)lace u man of simple manners, who will 
 
IN XEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 3G1 
 
 
 ^w 
 
 :ies of 
 Coke's 
 >, ^iim- 
 of tlie 
 \Q.\ the 
 
 foUll'l 
 
 who 
 icm IX 
 bsc'i'ilv 
 of the 
 sent ed 
 chief 
 h sail! 
 i;otten 
 ■-(ieny- 
 aii ten 
 tei- to 
 th; he 
 froni 
 Hvponil 
 want 
 win 
 
 speak to the people in phiin langua^-e, and appeal* in 
 good earnest.' In i-esponseto this a])peal, William AVard. 
 a young man just received on trial for the ministr}', 
 was ordered by the English Conference of ISIO, to sail 
 for Bonavista.* 
 
 I^einmington returned to his native land before the 
 Conference of 1810, at which he I'eceived an a])pointnu'nt 
 to Tanderagee. His brethren speak of him as a man of 
 *'unquestiona!>le piety, uprightness a i.l simplicity,' who 
 * enjoyed uninterrupted communion with (rod.' 'Jlc ex- 
 tended our missions,' says Wilson, ' t<" the harbor of 
 Trinity, where for many years his name was a houso 
 liold word, and in the hearts of all those who knew liini 
 his memory was imperishable. Isi) man ever left the 
 shores of Newfoundland more deeply regrettc'l than 
 
 * Dr. Coke was very careful about tlie health oT his mission- 
 aries. In an exphiuatory note appended to his first report vif re- 
 ceipts and disbursements, publislied in 17!)-t, he says, 'Umbrellas 
 may be esteemed hij-hly luxurious in this country, b\it are hi,i,'lily 
 necessary for Europeans, under the torrid zone. We should not 
 study the health of the missionaries, if we did not allow eacii an 
 umbrella.' A letter jjfiven by Etheridi^e in his? 'Life of Coke' 
 shows that the Doctor was equally thoufflitful a!) out the safety of 
 those who throui^h his inliuence were sent to more nortliern clim- 
 ates. ' I request,' he wrote from Bolton, 'that the Committee 
 will provide brother War- with a larj^e quantity of flannel and 
 tleeee hosiery. If we do not, we may be, unintentionally, the 
 cause of his deat1\; T- r he is ^oini^ to a part of Newfoundland 
 which is most exq.iisitely cold, lie pleased also, dear frienil,to let 
 him have very warm sKJckinj^s and very warm ehjthes of every 
 kind, lie is desirous of havin;^ a complete set of my Commen- 
 tary. I feel a delicacy in reconjinendiuL? it in <feneral; but as he 
 has repeatedly mentioned it to me, I beg that he may have it. 
 
 * If you send a very larjj:e roll of flannel as a jjresent to the 
 three other preachers, you will do very well; and if you add a 
 l)iece of warm broadcloth, sulflcient to make each of thi-m a suit 
 of clothes you will do well. . . . I'll not slacken my Ii d in la"^- 
 fjini;. . . . Let us jj:o on, and God will bU'ss and pnjtc t us. The 
 brethren referred to i 'turned thanks in the autumn for these arti- 
 cles, received at a time when they ' nuich wanted them.' It should 
 be remembered that no stated allowance ha('. tiien been maile 
 to the missionaries in Newfoundland, who were largely dependent 
 upon the good-will of those among whom they labored. 
 
Illl 
 
 302 
 
 HISTORY OF METJfODISM 
 
 Jolui Rommini^ton. lEo sailol fi-om Trinity ;it mid niu;]it^ 
 and tli.'it evonini^' was a soii-owtul vio-jl ti) his frioiids.' 
 Ill HiM hu bu'jamo a sniKMMiiimci'ai'v. In liis last illness 
 he siill'ei'eil miudi, hut was ])atient and i-esii;'ned to tho 
 divine wiU. His soiTowinii; wile said to hiin, a little he- 
 fore death, 'yon "vvill soon have the vietory.' He re- 
 plied. -J have the vietoiy.' .She asked. ' Is the Saviour 
 ])recious?' ' Yes,' said ho, 'vovy, veiy |):'eeions.' His 
 last words were 'Farewell — all is well.' He died in 
 Noveinher, iSliS, a^'e*! sixly-si.x: years. 
 
 Ward eontinuL'l at J>ona\'ista until 1S12. when 
 he was di'owned. wiih all the erew of a {ishin,.j;- 
 boat. in wliieli he taken passage from JJonavista to St. 
 JolnTs. !"]!lis and McDowell remained at ("arhoneai-. 
 Thenee they visitcil sseveral hai'ljors in (Jonee[>tion J>ay, 
 and ei'ossv'd tlie country to Old Perlieau and the adjacent 
 setlienicnis. The length of their circuit was seventy 
 miles; and within this distance were seven (dmr(die>. 
 Thi'oiigh i'^llis's exertions a (diurch Avas erecded at (Jrates 
 Cove. o!i land given for the pui'|K)se, in ISO;*, hy Thomas 
 C ):)]H'r, in whose dwelling religious services had been 
 frepienlly held. Ellis prea(die I the tirst sermon in tho 
 new churcli. Two others were ommeneed, in 1811; one 
 !it <J;'Iire-Pit Cove; and the other at Western Bay, 
 where sixty men asscml)lel, brought with them six 
 horses, and in three days cut, and drew from the woods, 
 sufficient timber i'ov the frame of the buildimc. Throuudi- 
 
 out the circuit ])rejudi 
 
 ces 
 
 ave way, a 
 
 n 
 
 I tl 
 
 le zealous 
 
 work-ei's reported with pleasure that many, wdio had 
 fornicrlv refused to listen to them, liad Itecome ' stated 
 
 1 
 
 learers. 
 
 In the summer of 18 10. tlie ministers com- 
 
 menceil a small Sundtiy-seho)! at Carbone 
 
 ir 
 
 With 
 
 thc'M' ehildren,' they wrote, ' we generally spend half an 
 hour before we go to public worship. These that can 
 
7iV^ NE]yF0U^WL2i^'D. 
 
 3G3 
 
 read we eatocliiso, aii<l tliose who cannot, wc speak to in 
 a lainiliai" way. aceordini;" to tlieii' capaeit}' for i\'crivin<^ 
 inslniclion. When our lalioi-s will not admit of oni- 
 mceiinjj; them, wo liave a pions yoiinic man, who acts 
 for us.' 
 
 During tiie winter of 1810-11. a number wore added 
 to the membei'slii]) in sevoi-al j)lacos. The most exten- 
 sive I'evival was th.at wliich toolc jjlaee under tlie minis- 
 try of XeDoM'cll, at Island Cove. ' On tiie LMst ol' .lan- 
 uary hist,' lie informed tlie Missionary Committee. '1 
 left Carbonear, to visit tlie dirterent chissos in Conce])- 
 tion .Bay; and lie that said, " Lo, I am with a'ou alway, 
 even ii;\to tlic end of tlie world," deii;'ned to Journey 
 with mc. On my arrival at Blackhetul, I found tlu'chis- 
 ses in a ]H'os])erous state, and the ])eople in i;'eiK'ral 
 ailiirst foi' the word ; during' my stay thei-e sev(M-al 
 joiiud in class, who seemed to be awakeiUMl. l-'i-om 
 thence T proceeded to Island Cove, and shortly after iiu- 
 arrival I found such droppinii;s as portended a t;'lorious 
 shower. I staid a few da^'s, and administered tlusljord's 
 Hu])per, and then ])roceeded on my way; jjut Ke who has 
 His way in tlie whirlwind, and His ])aths in the ^'feat 
 deep, saw meet to countoi'act my desi<j;ns. On Satiii-day 
 cvcnini;", i^'oini;" to a IVicnd's lunise, I had a small rivei- to 
 cross ; the ice broke, and I cut my leg, so that I was un- 
 able to travel for a fortnight. However, I was able U) 
 Htand and preach. The next day, while i was distribu- 
 ting the eniblems of the broken body and shed blo(»d of 
 the liOrd Jesus, eveiy heart seemed to l)e broken, so 
 that all joined in saying, "Lord, it is good to be here." 
 I contiiuied to i)reach evei'v evening dui-ing m\' stav 
 here, and great was the Holj' One of Israel in the midst 
 of us. Sometimes I could not be l)eard to spetik, foi- the 
 cries of guilty sinners supplicating for mercy, while 
 
 i'i, 
 
m\ 
 
 364 
 
 HISTORY OF METHOBISM 
 
 otliers seemed inattentive to everything but jiraising and 
 adoring tiiat God who brought them out of darkness into 
 His marvellous light, so that I could only stand and look 
 on, exclaiming, 'Lord, this is th}' doing and it is marvel- 
 lous in my cya^. This was the happiest season I ever 
 spent in Newfoundland.' Seventeen members were ad- 
 ded to the class daring this visit from McDowell, and 
 five others during a subsequent visit from Ellis, who left 
 sixty persons in the society at Island Cove. 
 
 The missionaries, then in Newfoundland make 
 frequent mention of a magistrate of Carbonear, 
 who rendered them willing and valuable assistance. 
 John Gosse, Esq., at that time a member of the 
 firm of ' Ledgard and Gosse,' of Poole, had removed 
 from England to Carbonear as early as 1788. His ac- 
 quaintance with Black, during the visit of the latter to 
 Conception Bay, in the summer of 1791 ; and his marri- 
 age with a Miss Pike, a member of a family early iden- 
 titied with Methodism in Carbonear, had placed him 
 under influences of a salutary character. 'I assure you,' 
 he wrote to an English missionary, 'I am a sincere well- 
 wisher to the cause of Methodism, knowing it to be the 
 cause of God. Nothing would give me more pleasure 
 than to bo an humble instrument of good to the Society.' 
 Mr. Gosse's practical evidences of interest in their work 
 were highly appr«3iated by the two broth u;.:i in New- 
 foundland. ' We have found him,' said McDowell to 
 the Missionary Committee, ' a warm and steady friend ; 
 he exerts his influence in support of us and the cause in 
 which wo are embarked, while his life and conversation 
 evince that ho is a lover of the Loril Jesus Christ.' 
 
 In April, 1812, a vessel reached St. John's, on 
 board of which were two Methodist missiona- 
 ries bound to Nova Scotia. One of these was 
 

 4 
 
 idcn- 
 him 
 you,' 
 wcU- 
 )e the 
 asiire 
 Tioty.' 
 woi'k 
 Now- 
 ill to 
 •ieucl ; 
 use in 
 iiition 
 
 8, on 
 
 ly j<:ewfouni)lasi). 
 
 3G5 
 
 Eichard Taylor, well advanced in years, and married, 
 througli just received on trial for the ministrj' ; the 
 other was Williatn Croscomhe, a minister of exceedlni,dy 
 youthful appearance, who had ' travelle<J,' one year in the 
 Shepton-Mallet circuit, in Somersetshire. The 'Diadem,' 
 with Mr. and i\[rs. Taylor on board, had sailed from the 
 Isle of "Wight during the previous autumn, but when 
 midway across the ocean had encountered heavy gules, 
 which drove her back to Ireland, where she wintered. 
 After sixteen days in the ice, when she sustained such 
 damage as to render the passengers very anxious, she 
 reached the shore. At St. John's they received the most 
 generous treatment' from the ministers and members of 
 ' an excellent societ}^ of Independents.' As soon as pos- 
 sible, they sailed in another vessel for Halifax, but after 
 tossing about on the coast for two days, were obliged by 
 the ice to put back to St. John's. There they received 
 a pressing letter from McDowell, who had heard of their 
 arrival, asking one of them to remain, and informing 
 them that he had received permission fivmi Mr. Bens »n 
 to make the request. After consultation Eichard 
 Taylor went to Carbonear where he acted in the double 
 capacit}'- of preacher and teacher, assisted in the duties 
 of the latter j)Osition by his wife. 
 
 Late in December, 1812, John Gosse, EsCj[., reported 
 the missionaries all in good health, and indefatigaljle 
 in their Master's work. ' Their conduct,' he added, 
 *is such as becomes the cause they are engaged in^ 
 and they are much beloved and respected by the peo- 
 ple amongst whom they labor; and though there is 
 not such an addition to the society as may have been 
 expected, yet I know that much gocxl is done among 
 the inhabitants. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor kevp a school 
 here and are very useful in instructing the children/ 
 
il < 
 
 3C'' 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 During llio four months whieli el;i])se(l Iiofovo tlic 
 close of tho Conforcnc'o year ISlH-llJ, u sad cliangc 
 took ])hicc Llirougli tho fall, \)y intcnipt-raneo, of JJichard 
 Taylor; and througdi the temporary prejudice exeited 
 agjiinst his former colleagues by tjie manner in which 
 he treated them. Three hundred and forty mend)ers 
 were reported from Newfoundland in the minutes of 
 1S13. 
 
 
CILVrTERXlV. 
 
 METHODISM IX THE LOWER I'ROVIXCES, FKO:\[ THE 
 BEGIXXING OF 1800 TO THE COXFElfEXXE OF isu:,. 
 
 I)ifficultk'S of tlu' Itiiuraiicy in tlu' rroviiicos. Uiitavoriililr iii- 
 flucnct'S. liliirk's rt'turn witli ri.'cruit.s. 'Williani Di'iiiictt. 
 Josliuii Mar^ik'ii. Jaiin.'.* Lowry. Coke's (ifT'er to Lorenzo Dow. 
 False impressions coneerniiin' tlie I'rovinces. Sailinji' of the 
 ^Missionaries. Liciilents of tlie voyage. Arrival at Halifax. 
 Departure for tiieir (nrcuits. C!onferenee of ISOL Location of 
 Wilson. Financial changes. I'rovision for ministers' wives. 
 Statistics. Marsilen at Ctiinberland. His visit to Wallace. 
 !^Llrs(len at Halifax. Visit to prisoners. Erection of church at 
 St. David's, X.li. Secession in Halifax. Conference of Iso-J. 
 ]}lack's inteniled removal to England. ]{esignation of Superiu- 
 tendency. J^owry's returii to Britain. Ordination (jf several 
 preachers in the United States. INIarsdonat Annapolis, St. John, 
 and Sheffield. Sketch of Stephen Hamford. Confert-nce of 
 LSU;5. Better fiiumcial provision. Isaac Clark. Ik'vival at 
 Shetiield. Sunday-school at Liverpool. Leading Methodists of 
 Annapolis county. Con .ersion of Colonel Bayard. His treat- 
 ment l)y former friends. His character. Coke's re(iuest to 
 Black concerning Bermuda. Conference of l.S()4. Conference 
 collection. (Jiivant's suspension. Subsequent history. Black's 
 return. Keports from ditlerent fields. Arrival of William Sut- 
 clille. Appointment of Robert Shipley. 
 
 The population of the Lower Provinces at the boijin- 
 iiing of the century may be csiimated at eii;'hty tli(»iis- 
 and persons, of wlioin at least three-fourths were 
 Protestants. Many of tlicse were seldom visilod hy an 
 evani2;elical ministry. There were few towns ; the lar^vr 
 number of the inhabitants dwell in scattered settleint'iits 
 on the shores of the Atlantic, the (Julf of St. Lawiouce 
 and the Bay of Fundy; or. in the interior, by the sides of 
 rivers and lakes. The navigtition of the j^ay of Fundy, 
 by which Nova Scotia is nearly sei)arated fi-om Mew 
 Brunswick, was then regarded as exceedingly dangerous, 
 while the Straits of Northumberland rendered communi- 
 cation between these provinces and Prince Edward Is- 
 
3C8 
 
 IlfSTOIiY OF METHODISM 
 
 land iiTCgiilar in summei* and impD.ssiblc in Avintor. In 
 the different provinces, settlement was so[)arated from 
 settlement by bays or rivers, and by thick forests; or 
 united only b}- roa<ls of a very primitive chai'acter. An 
 itinerant, who commenced his provincial wanderin«,^s in 
 1800, remarks that ' the ditliciilties of a new countiy 
 thinly settled an<l covered with vast f<jrests, lakes, rivers, 
 bays and inlets of the sea cannot easily be comprehended. 
 There are many settlers who are so deep in the recesses of 
 the wiklerncss that they need a distinct journey to come 
 at their liabitation. There are others along the intervale 
 of uiifref|uented rivers, whom you can only visit by boat 
 excursions, and then only in the summer; in the winter 
 the ice affords a solid bridge; still, however, the}'' are 
 ditHcult of access.' ^ 
 
 There was much in the religious state of the Lower 
 Provinces at that time to awaken the sympathies and to 
 stimulate the energies of all earnest Christian men. The 
 disadvantages of the inhabitants of the more isolated set- 
 tlements were very evident. Their general poverty, and 
 their longdistance from churches and schools, were pro- 
 ductive of unfortunate results. Too frequently under 
 8uch circumstances, the lamentations at tirst uttered 
 gradually cease to be heard ; those who most need reli- 
 gious ordinances learn to desire them least; total 
 estrangement fi-om Gml follows ; and though from their 
 situation crimes against society are few, their hearts arc 
 estranged from true piety and virtue. The spiritual 
 dangers of the inhabitants of the provincial towns were 
 not less evident. It was not possible that the British 
 American colonies, though so distant from Europe, 
 could remain wholly free from those influences which 
 were then proving so injurious to society in Europe. 
 
 ' Marsden's ' Narrative of a Mission,' p. CD. 
 
 (} 
 
IN THE zowER 7^7?OTT^.''7•:^^ ;](;!) 
 
 and 
 
 pr 
 
 0- 
 
 tcred 
 
 L rcli- 
 
 total 
 
 their 
 
 Ks are 
 
 tual 
 
 U'l 
 
 were 
 
 ri 
 
 tish 
 
 brope, 
 
 i which 
 
 irope. 
 
 i^fjinv oniio moil, oi' t]io writiiiu's oCdio nuMi. \y]\o od'mi- 
 
 Iv 
 
 i\'i)\V'>"l lln'ins/lvos !iiii)i.'lie\'('i's 
 
 in ( 'li;'!>*iaiiit v. f. imi 
 
 ;1 
 
 tlicii" WAV [n llu' colonic 
 
 y 
 
 >!)ic\', l';'.inc, \'o|i 
 
 lln.mc aii.l (liMion wci'c f'avoriic aiillioi-- i;i !*!!ij;ia:i(l. 
 Tlii'oi'.u'fi \\\v ai'i'ival ol' <4'ovcrniiicii! onicial-. wlio \vci\'. 
 iicai'ly all ^ciit oiii IVoni I)i'itain. — >onictinics. ])vM'lia|;s, 
 more \'i)]' the j)iii'|io>c> {)\' jiroviijinii' a li\'iii'..; (or soinc 
 iic" ly ;t'la;ivc ol'a minister, or an ini]*.;! it-n! iian^'ci'-on. 
 tlian on.i ol' any i'(\u'ai'<l for titiic-^s i'oi" oilicc. — a coiiNuml 
 i'cnc\\-al of ihc clcnicnl ol' --ccjitici:iii a\':is niainlaiiicfl. 
 ' It \v:i-- llioiiu'lit iioi only manly l)nl i'a-liionalijc io dciiy 
 the (;ii*'i o}' ( 'hi'i-t ianily. <^hicsfions o!' <loclriiic wrw 
 freely (ii^-cU'-^-e<l. In;! inlidel :MiiIior-« \vci'(> 1 he ^I'ani! i:ii' 
 ami i lie texl-lioolc. Tlieii'axioms ami opinions we, e (|Uo!eJ 
 g'lihly at tlie dinner-taiile. a.nd at tlio-e evening leasts 
 v/liicli '\V"t'r'.' the eastinn o!' tlie limes, 'j'iie u'i'e;il lo'.jc, 
 was not in the liaelv-iiToand. hiil lii'oui.'ht lo (lie lore, 
 (>i\\y. howevei', as an olijcct oi' a.s^aiilt.' ^ 
 
 In 1 he early anlunm oI'lSOO. only live ]\retho<lis! lalm-- 
 ors were j'our.d in the F.ower Provinces. 'J^'jiese dnrinc; 
 tlie jt/evious yeai- Ind soni^'lit to rendei- tlieiiisidve; jis 
 iihiijuitoiis as ])ossilpie. liaier in the aiilninn. r>:ac;< 
 arrived from l'aii;'!aiid. ITe ha.d attended (he Con- 
 ference held dnrinu' the snminer in Loridoii. i:nd;er 
 the ])i"e-' leney of ,)anK'.-> Wood; and liad sacceeded, w iih 
 tlie coi'dial assistance of Dr. C'o!;e. in ohi.-iinim;- ilie ap- 
 pointment of four missionaries to the field under his 
 cdiarL;'e. These were .lames Lowry. William IJennelt, 
 J(»Iiua ]\[ar.sden. and Tliomas Olivant, ail youin.;- men, 
 just jtuttinu; on the harne-s, excejtt Lowiy. who ];ad 
 ti-avelled one year. 
 
 William Bennett, horn in ITT*', heeame a nu^inl.er of 
 
 p. 00. 
 
 - Rev. G. W. Hill, in ' Memoir of Sir Brcntoii ILiliburton, 
 
Life of JaljL'Z Bunting, 1). D.', p. (!2. 
 
IX TJIK LOWKJ! PJIOVIX'-KS. 'Ml 
 
 \\\\ • 
 
 ulor 
 
 wa*: 
 
 • r<)/ 
 
 IM- Ol' 
 
 Miin- 
 
 ;Mnr> 
 
 o'lli" 
 
 )iK' t>l 
 
 Willi- 
 
 .1 <>:'.;• 
 
 :iU-^." •• 
 
 •li'tMlii 
 
 1-1 ry 11 
 
 nin(-ili- 
 
 luU n'> 
 
 .() l:K'*.-l 
 
 ■••0 
 
 lU'liC'i^ 
 
 1,:U' 
 
 ,V. . iV/' ., 
 
 1 C 1 ! lA 
 
 K'l 
 
 ILL-lll. 
 
 • p<,-i-.-u' 
 
 I I'.l 
 
 Iho 
 
 ll,r,)\lo;i. 
 
 ivl- 
 
 (IC!> 
 
 () ) 
 
 C 1 1 'I 
 
 lU" 
 
 oi a 
 
 ,-M'( ) 
 
 ()U III' 
 
 return. t!iou::-li \\\< lui-sion i!i\-.ilvcil <fj»ai'n!l«>ii IVoin :; 
 Aviilowc'l iiKiI III'.'. ('!* wlmiii III" w:;- tin.* '»i(Iy >'.ii, ;iii(I 
 t lii'oii^Ii wliMsc ('.'i!'iM'>l |(i'ay(':''> Ik- iM-lii-vcI liiin-clr lo 
 lia\-(' liccii Id! (')<i(>(I. ( -M' 'rhoiim . ( Miv.Miir*-- I'.-ii'IIr.' liK' 
 liii! Ill I !i' i> known, .laiin-; Lmw-i'-v-, i in- i<<ii:-li !ii<'in!"v'i' 
 
 i>l 1 Mr 111 i U' 
 
 wliici! acconi j»;iM' 
 
 IJhick 
 
 a ••.•'>ui!l;' 
 
 ri-lim;in oi -■ood 
 
 rca'-oniiui" jinw't-r-. Iial /onirli .'n mnn- 
 nci'. ami >aiil l<i !■(' ni'>!';i!. I'allu'i' lii."!i <'VMi)Lr«*!i''al in jiis 
 IM'i'acliiiiLi'. lie liail .-[loiit one year on liie jiallyi-oirii'jl 
 
 rii'ciiit in li'dami. 
 
 ( 'oki'. din'in^' llial suinnu';'. soii^'lil 1(j e';i!i.->t lljo .■^ci'vi- 
 CL's of niio'.lir;' I'oi' !.lu' ]);'(t\iiii';;i 1 wo!A. In Duliliii. on 
 llu- l.V.li (M'.luly. in,' nn'l lia.' ei/cciiiric Ij/.i-w/.n J)o\v. 
 i'ovv' li;;il I'lilci'ul il:*.' liiiiiisti'y of lli>' 3i«'lli<j<ii-<l l']j»i><-<i- 
 ]>al ('lia.cl!. in ) j'l'"'. ani'i in l"'.'!* liau I«.'eJj aj»j>t;iiilu'l lo 
 iiK' ll^M'X ('i;'('U;l in W'. jiioiil. laii lia^l \c\\ it ua- V.wvdyy, 
 I'.n.ir;' tlic ini';:.'i':.->i()n ilia! he liaii a -jx-'citi! nii>.-^Ion lo 
 Ii'cland. ('()!•;(.'. on iiici'; inu" liiin in i'liMiii. :'-!.:i-:l liiiii to 
 u'o oiii as a niissioiia.-y. oillK';' to iJalii'ax or (^u«;l/c'i.'. a.nil 
 ii.'(*nr;: r.l him. on roniiiiion ol' coiiij;lian;.'tj with tin* ili;'cr- 
 !.ions ui\('n l.ini lo;' ;-ix year.-;, tiial Wh- e:-;;»'ii.>e> .■•ln^nM 
 lie j)aiiL an'i llia.l lie .'^1i(»uhI ^vanl \\'A\\'.u\£ «liii'ii;j," 
 llia.t pei'io.l in the \\'ay oi" liook.-> or olotliin:^-. 
 how lo.»k Iwenty-iour noiirs to ei»n>i'!o" liie ]«,(j- 
 pf'sai. ani ilien retUi'iH' 1 an an-wer in tl"e neiralive ; 
 as "in tender eon.-cicnee" lie •diir.-i jiot leave the 
 k'inu'doni yet. lidieviii'j; it to he liic wijl of 'rod that 
 he should ,-tay." ^.Fiiu i >oetor !.■> said !o luivc i-ej»lied. -J. 
 dMii'l know hut \'.'>u'' t /a.vellini;' .ahout niav'domore jiariii 
 tlam thi,' eonver>ion oi.' li\'e hundred >oi;i>- wv^y i\<> :^oo(L' 
 i 'ow. in reiei-eiice i-; the interview, wi'ite-: -^Iv tears 
 iiowed }ih'nti!'uii\' and it seemed as 'a' ]■)_%• eye> were a 
 lijunlain of tear>. The hoelor ^'I'aspe i jue \\\ iii.-- anus, 
 u'ave me .'i hu-.; a)id went liis way.' Tiie loiig-bearded, 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
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 23 V'EST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 ^ i^s 
 
 C/j 
 
 6^ 
 
:]72 irfSTORY OF MF/mOVTSM 
 
 l'»iii;--lKiii'c'l iliiu'i'uiit a'^-o \\\'iit liis Av:iy, \\\v\ in an ;n<li'- 
 jH'iiiK'iil |)')- it i<iii. .'ifllic!'!!!;;' nicanwliili' lo Mcllio;]!:-! I'.oc- 
 tiiiics, c'liMtinii'.-il Id 1r;i\\'l aii'l prrai'li iinii! his dratii at 
 (i(M)ri;Tt()\vn. I). (\. ill I'-'.'] I. Hi- laliors Wfrc imi in 
 VMin. Wlicfi'Vi'i' lie i-cinaincd suniciciilly lonij; lo I»e 
 know::, the i>:\'jii<li(\'> at iir-t awalvisa-.i liyliis charaiftci'- 
 i-lic oddilios i;-avi' way t;) L^'Oiininc ai>i)rc'(,'ialion, aii'l f,o 
 rL'(.'(~»ij;nili(in oi'hiin as a man i)i'(.'i)ih 
 
 I)hic!\ aji.I his ri'i!()\v-travc!h'rs nid al Livoi-iiooj, Oi'. 
 ( ' )!>:c intv'i'.ih'ii lo ui-daln llsc yoiin:; niis^iun.'irirs hc!oi\' 
 tlu'ir (h'])ai'tui'(\ hul was unahk' to rracli liivri'j>oo| h'> 
 forc the sailinj; of ihi'ii' \'ossr!. ^Fany ll'i'venl i)i'ayv';'s 
 w\'!'o oD'ored in thei;- lu'liall in ihr .Mrt'iodist chnrcht'^ in 
 Liverpool iMid its vicinity. Mish'ih it may lie. hy tlie 
 nnroi'liii\a1e alhision in ihe hyma-Iiook to tlie "(hir!-: 
 Amei'icans." or inlhiencnl hy ii^noi'iMice moi'c pai'd.on.M.hlc 
 in tiicm tlia.n in 1ho-.c on the olhef dde of tlie AihiMti'-. 
 whoa! the ]i;'esent (hiy Icnow h>ss ol' t!n> ],;,\vi'i' P.ovin- 
 
 ee: 
 
 hati of the count :'V watered h\- 
 
 he Nik' or Zninho 
 
 some iiiods hrethicii were liea!'>i to pray tliat ti 
 
 ■1 
 
 le nii--- 
 
 Si( 
 
 )naries aoout to h/ave tlieir shores imuhl oe \\\\ 
 
 hri'ed 
 
 ri-efiil lo thi' • poor sa'\' a ^■es.' 
 
 On the -Ith of Anuaist. !>lack and Ids coni]);inions 
 went on hoard shi|t I'oi- [Fahtax. The "Sitaia-ow" provin;;' 
 to he a 1 
 pumps w 
 
 eal>:\' 
 
 Kile vesse 
 
 tl 
 
 lo ominoiis sound of tiie 
 
 soon and oltt'n heafd 
 
 M 
 
 irs(;en. nioi'c aceii- 
 
 tomed to tlie sea than hi-^ hicthncn. liad ior a lime the 
 pleasui'e of ministei'in,:^' to tlieii' wants. Tiu5 society of 
 thi' passeuii'ei's was not of thi* mo-^t ^'eniad cliai-acle!'. 
 The luinistors lia<h howevei', hefoiv tlieii' de])aj'lufe oh- 
 tained a iiromise from tlu> captain that they sh.ould have 
 the u>e of the eahin for morinn^- and evening pi'a.yei". 
 Al tliese seas(^ns, and in the slato-room ;)lh>tted to I^hiek, 
 their .souls oltou ' took hohl of God.' The danger of a 
 
i.Y 77//; L wrj: pjin 1 7.v^ 7;.s'. 
 
 i«.) 
 
 \\\\\ at 
 11(11 ill 
 
 I () 1 iO 
 
 i':ictcr- 
 
 .1. 1>1-. 
 
 Miol 1'';- 
 |)r;;y'>';'s 
 •(■he- ill 
 l.y tlie 
 I.' • (lar!-: 
 
 UUuitic, 
 tiio Miis- 
 
 \\\ 
 
 Ici-ed 
 
 prlUMMlS 
 
 |)ru\ ill!;' 
 
 Il oi" tl'lC 
 
 line 
 
 )(".< 
 
 i('('US- 
 
 Iho 
 
 t V of 
 
 liariK'liM-. 
 
 WW (>1»- 
 
 l have 
 
 il( 
 
 pray CM-. 
 ) Black, 
 (,-(>i' of a 
 
 a visit at any lioiif IVoiu a iiati(>ii;il vt's>fl. or piavntcci". 
 I)c'li>iiii"iiiii' to liu' I'lu'iiiN'. inailc tlic caiilaiii :(i!xioii> to 
 make till' best possilil'/ (li>jio-~it ioi of liis piisscjiLCci's ainl 
 
 crew, toi' i»Ui'i>o>e> ol MciciM 
 
 jmi-] 
 
 As the I 
 
 \vfi\T u'li., ; ri'- 
 
 quii-ed llie atleiitioii of tin' whole crew, tiic mi-sioiiarii--. 
 with 15hi<'l< at theii- heail, \vere cqiiipiJed as iiKiriiies. In 
 coiisc^iU'iKH' ol' 'vlarscK'n's so-iiph's ahoiit the U'-e of ai'iii-. 
 lh(5 cajttaiii phiccil him a! ohc ol'thc twelve u'liii^ — a <!i-- 
 
 ■hich 
 
 llllelioii WHICH scai'ceiy • saiislied Ills coii-cienee. IliollL'.l! 
 ]ie 'coiiseiiic! to tin- cjiaiii^'e.' ilaj)j>ily. the hi^'htinu' 
 (qualities (jfthe jiasseiiu'ers ami crew were not jiut to liie 
 test. ()i> one (X'casioii, when elnisdl hy a l-'reiieh priva- 
 teer. j)lack' and his marines jtreoaied to ./ive them a 
 Avarm recej»lion. hut, while ]irt,'j)aralioii-. were hein^' 
 maiie to weleome the privaleei'. t he hille!'. leai'ln;.;' tlie 
 j)reseiico o( the two vessels — lor anothei- wa> in eompaiiy 
 — gave her canvas to the winds and sailed away. \\ 
 the end ol'a somewhat roii;.rh and tedious voyau'c of si\' 
 weeks they entered Halifax iiarhoj- on the evenim;- of 
 Sunday, tlie-ftli ot Oelolier. ;dl in i;'ood health, with the 
 o.Kcej)lion of Uennelt, who had heen •indispo>ed" ihroiri;'!- 
 oiit the vo}'ai;e. 
 
 .V cordial ;ind Iriily Christian i'eee])lion was u,dve!i 
 tliem in Halitax, '^Fhey remained tiiere a few da\->, and 
 tlieii left for the circuits tlirou^'h whitdi they wei'c to 
 travel. Ijowry and .Marsden spt'iii a sliort time at 
 Windsor, where they )»reaeheil several times. Lowi-y 
 tlien saileil for St. .lohii. while M.ar.-den follnwed t!ie 
 usual route to Ciimheidand. InMinett saihd in JiNdn'i't 
 Barrv's schooner ' Pollv.' the ' mission-shiit' of the 
 
 I.' t 1 
 
 southern coast; and Olivant soonaflc!- reached his stati(ju 
 at Liverpool. 
 
 The Confei'ence of ISOI was eommeiiced at Anna]>ol'-, 
 OJi Friday, the 12th of Juno. Black was President, jiiid 
 
l! 
 
 
 ifri 
 
 
 ii 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 
 "' 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 nvt 
 
 NiSTOirv or m/:t//()Dism 
 
 In'mu-lt, S('c:-('l;ii"y. I)viiJ;iim!ii Wilxm. wlio liad ncvoi- 
 licfii ;i<iv;iiir(Ml Ik-V!)!!'! the oiiK'i- of ■deacon.' liad. diir- 
 iii;^' tlu' yi'ar. (\'a-H':l (o ii'a\'cl. lie nilci'cil iiilo iiii->iii('s> 
 at Do.'clu'.-lcr. lull conliiiiii'il to jn'cacii in a local capa- 
 cily. Si'Vr:,il years hiicr. wliilr .>ailiiiL;" li'om i>iictoiic!iv' 
 lo i)atliiii'>t. he was li>st in ;i ^lorni. Pci'nii--sion \va■^ 
 i;'i\a':i Lowi'y to vi^il the l' nited Stales. I'oi-tlie |iiir|io>(,' 
 oj" I'ecciviiiL;" onliiiation from the ,\nierican I)isho|»> 
 'Idh' allo\\-auces Iiitherlo made to the preacdiei's liavinu' 
 l-een found too small, in view " ol' the :id\anci'ii j)]'icc.> oi" 
 all artiides of (doiluML;'," tiie sl^^wards we'\' i'e(|ne-leil to 
 ])ay eatdi of thi' ]».eaehers Iweiiiylivi' pounds jtcr annum. 
 Two |ii\'aehei's" wives Wi-rt,- !o he ]»i'o\i(li'd for. The sum al- 
 lowed thesi'.— ei[Ual ill am oiint to thai oftJieii' hashan'is. 
 — was in one ea.>e provided hy tin; JIalil'ax ciretiit. in 
 tlie other liy an almost ei|iial tax on t he Annapolis, St. 
 .folin. < 'iimherland and fiiN'erpool cireiiiis. The sialisties 
 of the lirsl Provincial ('oiiference of the century are 
 Worthy of record for the sake of fiilio'e eompai-ison 
 One hundred and sixty iuemi)t.'rs were I'etiirncd iVom thi' 
 Halifax eii-euit ; 120 from Annapolis; I> MVom r/ivei']»ool; 
 I'd from ( 'umherland ; M)2 from Shelluii-ne; To iVom 
 Xewjiort. riH from St. John ; Si) from St. Stephen; 20 
 fi'om Samhi'o; and 20 from Pi-inec ivlward Island; mak- 
 ini^" a total of Sid memhers in the Lower Provinces 
 The distinctive terms of • eldei'' and ' deaeon,' ))eeuliar 
 to Amei'iean .^^ell•lodisln, hid ]")roviously used in the Pfo- 
 vincial Minutes, now cease to a|)peai'. 
 
 >rai'silen, stationed at ('umherland. in l.SOO-1-2, f(^iind 
 himself lia[)j)y in tlu society of some Vork'shire Metho- 
 dists who hail hrou2;ht their relindon across the Atlantic; 
 and of some of their ehildren, who had found (,'luMst in 
 the Jido[ited homo of theii* fathers. Ui)on recovery 
 irom 11 severe illuess, v.diieli eoiitimied during the grcutei 
 
rX THE lOW/:/^' /V/0I7.Yr/:s'. 
 
 . ilnr- 
 
 lolirlu' 
 III \v;is 
 
 ishops. 
 
 Ir.iviim" 
 i'i(H'.-> wl 
 -.Inl to 
 iiirniliil. 
 >uiii ;il- 
 
 iMiil, ill 
 i)lis, Si. 
 llalislics 
 iry :UH' 
 al■i^'»n 
 oin l!u' 
 
 ,■) tV. >iu 
 •n; -Jt* 
 ; mak- 
 iviiu'os 
 )e<'uli:u' 
 he Pro- 
 
 :, foinvl 
 ;Motlu)- 
 
 llant'K' ; 
 
 irisl in 
 
 n'ovory 
 <•' route !'• 
 
 ]>:ii-t <4't\io wlritci- ot' l^'HO-l. he acrntnjianic 1 .lolm l)!ai''< 
 t<» Walla-"*', fiiiiliii,;" liN way iIii'muli'Ii t'oi'ty o;- lll'ly inilc- 
 f»r wiMi'iTH'-..-. !iy tin- !>('!|i mI" 1iI:!/.i'.| tri'"-;. Tlic >cciici-y 
 (<V tlj«* «"»iinf?-v. cai'lN' ill Mai-'-li. ■ci-mic 1 In liiiii • (h'eai'w 
 
 vv:ii| ;ui<i jv'.'.ilt Dili" to liM' -ciix' 
 
 lull Ills sii;';',)!iiii|!!iM' 
 
 \\' <■)■«* turtfotff!). as lie ;; 111 111 1 ai 1 lie tcrmiiiMl ion ol' h:-; Jou; 
 
 IH' 
 
 ( ]K' >|»i«' ji:"<']iai"ei| o! t lit 
 
 1. 
 
 iillliu'tM'in;^' .•ili'l I liM'-l - 
 
 iii^' l.».- thf In'fU'i ;iail water oi' iiiiiii();a;il life." Xo itiii- 
 ei'aiit I'.A'l vr-ite-l tliciii !');• .-.('"v-c/al ye;! I's. yd . -si ra nu'cly 
 ]tre«e*r\X' I,' rM;{\v«'c;i I'orlyaii'l tilty of 1 hem li.-id eoiii iiiiK' I 
 loiiK'ct at stat«'«l seasons. A (iccp inicrc-t \\;i ., ;i; oimh' 
 awaker.el l»y Mar-'liaTs aia'i\al. To lie- ymiuu,- lamlish- 
 jiiaii the >cen;' wa-< st ;•aIl^•e. • An li mr or t wo licioi-e I lie 
 service.' say> ^^ai^s<len. -a.ll seeiiu"! silc'ii asdcaih, aii'l 
 ^Ireai'y as <I«'>';lat!oii il>eil' Xoiliiie;' coiilil kr >cfii on ihc 
 one liaii'i l/iit a laiiiUcaj)"ot'ic,'.;iiiil 1 lie dreary ( I iili'si retdi- 
 }\iiC i^^ i'i!'t<.*sl nKi--»'s to ;ni e.xinil ol iwciiiy inile^ iVoiii 
 til'.' --Ij'tjv: wiiiU; Oil the land side wei'e a l\-\v ioi;' li )ii-.e> 
 thinly sjM'iiikled alotiLi' ihe dark and iinpencti'ahh' wo >iU 
 which >kii'l«-* I t!ie ii-y na_,'-< ;' luit a> the time of preach- 
 i ! Ill' drew Ji«-ar. fhc j)eopl(' were st>i'ii eomiiiij," in ;;-i-oiip- 
 troia all <|Ma!'toi':s ; soni;' in sleds. >oiiie on hoi-scliai-ic. 
 some skalJutrand othei'.-. on foot, and t he l-'reiudi sei tiers in 
 1 heii" ••urioic?*. It was not nneomnion for some to com-' ten. 
 twenty. aM«I even tiiii'ty mile- to hear jd'cachiim'.' 'Two 
 seiauoiis. witii an intermission only lon^- enoui;,'!! lo allow 
 of ]-e*Vt>hine!it and lu'iet' con xei'>at ion. were li.-leiu'd to. 
 a.nd their lionie> reached, when pos-dhle. heidre the dai'L'- 
 iiess eloscl ill. J)arini;' this visit. ALai'sdcn ]»i'caclicd o 
 hotli side- of the i'ay and i'i\ei'. and also at Mala^ash. 
 From the lalter j»!a<'e. accoiiii»anie I hy twenty or thirty 
 ])orsoiis in sleds, he <-rossril the hay to preach to llie 
 descendant-^ ot' the Hii'j,-iienoi.- . a' 'ra'ainaj,"ouche. When 
 tJK' party were within a mile ol' ihe shore at the latter 
 
liifirii- 
 
 jiiac^', Diic ol'lii.' Ii.'r.-r- l)LH'aiii'.' ilh!iiaiia;j,c;iit|(', a)i<! a 
 i;X'iu'ra! j»ai:ic i-ii-iu-<l. Marsdcii aii'l a mimbrr of oi Iiri's 
 llii'cw I ih'iii M'l\'i-- oiii (»!i ilif \fv, while lilt' Iioi'X'-. as 
 t!ii»ii:.;'li i;!a'l. L:allM|icl lowai'ds ihc \\(im,|s. AI liu'scr- 
 
 Vi'.n' Wllidl i'»il')\V<- 1 till- Willi MH'IH'. • 1 ln' i!i\ ilU' illililCllCC: 
 
 wa- ))')W.-i'l'iiily jti'i'-ciii.' 'I'lii.-. \-i-ii ol' .Mar^iK'ii aii<l 
 niai-l-: was Inwj; iciiii'iiii-'rrd at Wallace ami ilir iici^-li- 
 li;);'iiii;' si'! 1 |c!iir;it ■'. The -i|!i>f(| ilciil \isi 1 ■> ol' Juliii Hlack', 
 wiiic'i were liiuhly "j»;'i/t'il. cmii' rilMiicil iiiiich l-> I lie 
 inar'vv'il .-taliilily ol' MclixMlisiu in that part <»!' X<»va 
 Scol ia. 
 
 I'art of the sinmiii'i- of jsol was speiil l»\- M :i r lieii 
 at Il:i!i!a>:. wliilt* iJlark' visih-d ( 'uinl-claml. in Halifax 
 lie pieaclieil io iai-^'c aii'l ath'iiti\e coii^Tc'^i'al ions. lio 
 also vi-dlc'l M'Vrral inilitary j»risoners, iindrr sriilcnce of 
 (l(.';i:li for (K'-t')-ti'in ami at lack ii]>on tlicii- pin'siici's. ()n 
 his iii-.>t visii tothc-c unfoi'liinalc men, he olistM'Xt'd in 
 till' hands of on<.' a |ii'inled pajiei'. On cxaiainatioii he 
 found it to he a form of |>!'ayei\ in which, after <luo 
 dcjM'ccation of the di\'ine di-|»leasiii'e. tin' anilior jiad 
 iiiseiiel tiii-« II n;:'iiai"deil petition: • Loi'd, i^'ive u> jieni- 
 teiUial soi'i'ow. that hy the leai's we slu'd we may atoiio 
 for the criiMo we have committed.' Tlu' i;'rievoiis char- 
 ii'ler of the tcachinii' to whi(di the jtooi- fellows wero 
 ex]) )se 1 led liim eariiotly to set foi'lh lo ihcni Jesiis, as 
 the dmiei-'s I-'rjend a.nd Saviour. Alter several visits, in 
 whi'di a few friends aceomiiained him. he had the saiis- 
 faclion oi' !indinu- tisat two of t hem were, to all appear- 
 ance, willinL;- to he >aved iy i;-racc. throu<;'h faith. Dui'iiii.;- 
 the ni^'ht ju'ccedin,:^ the execution he sat up with them, 
 ami in tiic moriiini^" a<-comjianicd them to the place of 
 dcatii, when he knelt with them in j)rayer, and then took 
 his leave. (Jiie was pardoned ; the others were sent inlo 
 tlie presence of their Maker. In the evening he preueliod 
 
jy Tin-: [j)\vi:n r/:()\-/xrj:s. 
 
 >> « 1 
 
 ii'l a 
 
 iln'i'> 
 
 •-, lis 
 
 <' StM"- 
 
 UlMM'O 
 
 1 ;iii<l 
 
 iriii'll- 
 
 ihick, 
 
 o the 
 
 XoVll 
 
 a M'!'ii)'»:i()li tlu' (•;i>e of ilir (I\'iii:i" t!i;c!'. ()ii iii-' wav 
 liark I) ( 'uiiilK'i'laii I. !k' ' >liijii)'.';! al l'aiT>liii;'i)'. lo -jtikI 
 a ti'W (l.i\> wii ii t W'l aiiiialilr tai:iilir>. S(!iii;'i' !>';it(i.i..; .I's 
 
 an 
 
 1 .M 
 
 SiiaihiMii'^. la ilir aiiliiiiia. acr.»iii|»an:i"i hy 
 
 Cliarlr-- hixiai aii^l aii<)!li"i' iVicml, !ir vi'-ilcil \\\>: ^^•!1^•|■ 
 
 <>a iat' I I'tiro^liac I'lvc 
 
 !»;• tela j)')ra;'S 
 
 s : ! 1 ! ) a s 
 
 tiu'\ wcic I'rciaaiH'M -I'll 'liv tinic-i*!' I'cl'i ("-iiiiiu'. \\'iilo 
 
 AVi)i'>lii|aiiiil'- ill llic tall ti 
 
 On the !ltli 
 
 av 
 
 .M 
 
 i!"-<ifii iiicaclH"! his r..rf\V' 
 
 •i'lniih at 1 Ik- • Moaii 
 
 ILoii '.' a a I l'!'; i'oini ih- !5a a mh iln' lal lowing' in >;'a:aj;, 
 ti; ui<:'[ hi-- hrcilirvM ai lac ( '^ml'i'/nca, 
 
 S )aic ilt'iaiU ol' iiitci'ca iT-|icct iiiL;' tlic lain a- I'l' i ho 
 otlu'.- iliaa.'aii! - ha\a' hcaa piT-ci-Na-il. A! Si. I)a\i'!">. 
 ill iha ^j)i'ilii;'or jSOl, I lu- liiclli ! kTs ( »!' I ho >()cii-i v. V. illi , in; 
 ]i!'(Miii>a i)i' a- si-^laiira iVom >t'\aaai <»tlK'i's. rc-i >| -v-ci 1 to 
 laiiid a chiii'ch. Suau' oppioil ion was olU-rcd. hai iwo 
 acrrs of hind I'oi- a cliiirch and hiirial u'roimd w.-ir pro- 
 ciirod. and siiiliciml lahor cxju-ndnl on tiic chn.-ih to 
 
 liiaki.' il siiitalih' I'oi' s(';'\ ic'.'s in t he siinmu'i' >t'a-oa 
 
 11- 
 
 dc' liic ca.i'iH'-t aiid accrpi ahu- lahms ol" ('uMjicr at 
 Slu'l hiii-nc. and Di'iiiu't! at iiivo/jiool, hclwrra wlioiu 
 j"rfi[ia'nt cxi-haiim's were niiidt.'. the \\oi'!< on the soaih- 
 erii coa. I assunu-d a jnondsiiii;- a^pcrl. 
 
 In llalilax. a sccc.-'sioii IVoin iIk' church ihri-al cind 
 much i.'\il. 'J'hc o.-tcn.-ihh' causc. so lai" a^ can ho 
 ascrrtaiia'd. Mas lln' loiin,' cont iinicil roidcncc of l]larl-; at 
 Halifax. At the head <>|' ilu'scccilcrs. anionic' whom wito 
 soN'ci'al |ii'i)inincnt incmhcrs of t he cliufch. wa> d'honias 
 ( 'owdell, a local |)i'eachei' and trustee. Some yet lixewho 
 I't'ineinhci' t his ^a'dtcxjiU'doohini;' man. w hose hi oad -hi Mil- 
 tiers and shoi't leu's made him a tVeijiu'iil siihjcct of rnnark'. 
 l\o was noted !<)!• his fine hass voice, and his skill in 
 jilayiiiij; the i>ass-viol, and was always in rcijucsi for 
 puhlir conceits. His poetic talent, wdiicli is .-aid to 
 
!i I 
 
 
 iiisroin' or Mr/riionis:^ 
 
 li;i\(' Iktii (»i' ;i i'c-^]it'cl;ili!t' Dfdf,'. wa-^ ri\'i|iuiil I v callcii 
 ililo r.\r;'ci-c ;;l tlir ^m! •(•; ! ;it ioli ol' IVii'M' 1>. i >l' !'< H' • | u'cia I 
 l'l'!i^•i(»Ils occa ii'ii--. A i:!iiii!i>-!' ol' li;> luijfiUvc iiicc-^ 
 \\'i';(' |»iiMI>!icil liy hiiii; I'll' ill a \ <iii!iii"i'!!l il lol 1 lie • Nova 
 Hcolia .Miiisi i-cl.' The -cTvicv'-^ lidd al < 'owdcM's Ikh'.sc 
 d: I iii>! C'))!! inac l";ii;-. S-jXTral |)>'I'm,ii>. wdi > ha i placrd 
 llii'ii' iiauK's uji.iii a |ta])(>;' w'lirh had caii-cd iiiiirh 
 (•Miifii-di»ii. wi!!id:'('\\' llh'ir .dL^'iial iii'cs. ( 'uw dc!h h iwrvaT, 
 Avaxi'l \Vi);'^c and w.ij'-^c. h.'>M!ni:i'i," a j'l'i'y !m iiiicinjK'i"- 
 alc Iiahiis, \sdiirh li;'(tiiu'hl him lo t hoi'oiiuh ilcic/adat ion. 
 Al'lcy sjHMidiii^' xMii" lime in Ivai'Mjic h(- iH'lui'acI lo 
 llalilax. whi'i'r hrdicL • I wc^-j). I»v"'aii-t' I caimnt \\im']».' 
 ^'^as Ids aiiil»iM,a!()a'> rciiiari-c to a .M( ihodi^-! iiiinistcr whn 
 visiii-d him du:'i:i^" his hist i!lll(^^s. 'I'hm'o was Ikijk- ii) 
 Ids (h,';i! h. 
 
 The ('i)idc'i'(mc(' of HOi^ was hrld at \mia|>i*lis. Its 
 sessions wmo cimnn'iUHMl on \\\v 20!h ol' May. 'Ylw 
 |ii'in(M|)al liijiic ol' ('DnN'm'sal ii»n was tho MU.'jto-c dI' l)hi(d< 
 to h'avi' l!u' j)i'M\iin'c I'di- I'aiLi'hiniL lie had fo;* some 
 years ehei'i>hed an eaniesi (h'sii'e to spend the evenini;' 
 
 of life in his native hi 
 
 id. hill i-Diumiinion witii kimlred 
 
 s])ii'its. (hi(-iii>;- his hile \dsii t<> MnichiiKh had invesii,'il tliat 
 country with a new attraction, < 'oke. A\dio Iviiew well 
 the iiiiporlanee oi' lihud-c's presence in the l*i'o\diices. at a 
 
 time wduMi the lia;'\'e.-t was <iTe;it and the lalio 
 
 i'Ci'S tew 
 
 I'esisted liis t-lioris I'oi- 1 raiisier to the rji^aish work', and 
 inially, u'rowdn<;' warm, addressed liim on the suhjocl in 
 the st I'oim'est Saxon-I'aiu'lish al his coininaiifh • AVhat wdll 
 yiii (h) on a (dccuit in i'atu'land ?' wrote Coke, in ISOl. 
 'They don't want yoii. (iivcMip your n'reat s]»here of 
 aclioii, ill whicli (iod has, hy a series ol" iniracdes, placed 
 you. ir you dai'e. Mind, you will i-(>pent of it Imt once, 
 il'yoii retain the life oi'(JoiL' l>hud<"s hiy friends in 
 ]lalifux took u similar view. ' 1 thinlc,' said one of tlio 
 
v.v Till-: iA)]Vi:n r/>'-)vi.xi ■/■:,<;. ;;■;:' 
 
 Ni>v:i 
 
 111 ilISi 
 
 iiiiifli 
 iniH'i'- 
 
 ;ilioii. 
 .■1 to 
 \vr('|>.' 
 •r wli't 
 >|K- in 
 
 s. Tts 
 
 1. Tlu' 
 
 iiack' 
 
 some 
 
 •t'liiiii;" 
 
 lulrctl 
 
 il thai 
 
 ;. at a 
 
 •S tl'W . 
 
 •k. :inil 
 oct ill 
 at will 
 ISOl. 
 H-re oi" 
 phuTil 
 
 t OlU'C, 
 
 lids in 
 of tho 
 
 \vi--i'i' (it t liciii. Ins • rciiio\;ii \\\\\ lilt iiiiairly u'in'c a t'aial 
 >;al» \<i tin- il iiH'i'aiii-y iii ilic l*i'M\iiicc'. I'm' llici'c is n<t 
 ]ii'ii!i;iliiliiy thai any o'liri- inan will ii-c tlic >aiiir nivalis 
 to kiTj) iij) the siijtjily i>|' prcai-iui's. ami wcit llicy In ii^m- 
 till' ^aiii.- iiii'an> liny cniiM not ctrcci ii.' In xicwdt' 
 rcri'iit (■\"iail>, wiiirli lia'l <! iiiiulalr 1 I lu' \\'i>Ii jiir i'fiii<)\al 
 oil t!u' iiai-l (»r iJlac!;. liic oliirial iiu'mln'i's at Ilalil'ax 
 
 aiMrr>>i'ii an ra:ai('->l iiiciiini'ial In t ii;' iiiiiii>l 
 
 i'r.> a'->ciii 
 
 hir'l al 
 
 A nil 
 
 apolis, a--kiiii;' (liciw to illicit liini to • iTinain 
 
 1^, ic^K 1 iil; 
 
 with his laniily at llalilax. in hi-> ]ii\'-riil caiiacit \'. t'l;- 
 aiioi lifi' year al hasl.ainl i'oi- any lonucr jx-i'ioil ihal In- 
 nray he in(liici'(l l<)lal">i-in t In- CMimi ry." 'i'his icij.ioi 
 \va> oijilorx'il \<y t he •; 'on 1 1' it nee ; hut . a-> 15 lack "Uily ^•a\■^• 
 a cHiidi; ional a-'.Miit. they a,|i|ioinl<-d .lame-' Mann li> he 
 Siqicrintcndciit. in tlu'cNcni nl' his rnnoNal to i'aiu'ianil. 
 in 1 he ciiiirx' of ! I u' year. l'iT\'it)ii>ly to tin- i/cxi ( 'i<n I rr- 
 iMKH'. iJki'.'k ri'sii;-ne!l his "'larm' into ilu- hands (pj'.lanu's 
 Mann, and made apjilicat i-iii to Ihshop A^hni'y I'mi- a 
 statimi t'oi' one ycai" in Pxi^lDn. mi hi> way to Min^laiid ; 
 hnt reasons, of I he nat iii'c of w hi( h we ;ir<' not inl'ornied. 
 h-d him to ahandon his lon^' ;'lieris!ud j)uriio>eand rem.ain 
 in Xova Se()tia. 
 
 Lowry, on aeeount o\' health, left the ConfeiH'iiee for 
 the United States. lie soon rt'tiii'iied to I*!ni;'laiid. and 
 after a somewhat irre<;ailar e()iii'>r. withdrew, in I."dL\ 
 iVoni llu^ ('oniiex'ioii. 'Flie hi^'thren. ('ooper. lu'iinelt, 
 ^Mai'sdeii and ()li\'anl, were i-eeommeiided to ])roeeed 
 to the L'nited Slates for ordination. They ■ i(',ini;'ly 
 
 sailoil from Dighy. immediately aitei' the (dose of the 
 Coiiferenee, and after ;i jwissa^'oof .six days reaehe 1 Xew 
 York, whei'c they met with a cordial i'ecei)tion from 
 Asl)ury and AVhatcoat, liishojis of the Methodist I']]iis- 
 cojral Cliuivh. By these, acconlini;- to tlie usau'e of tliat 
 Chiu'oh, thov were ordained ' deacons' on the 1st of 
 
■ 
 
 I'il 
 
 Ir 
 
 Jiiiir .iiiil • ('|(|(■^-^' (111 t !k' rolliiwiii^' il:iy. A I I li«' ( '.iiil'i'i'- 
 encr. ; licy iiic! \\1 1 1, <lcl('^-a!('> tVuiii ( 'aii;,(|;( aii.l ihc • I'ar- 
 AVi'sl.'-omi- tit'\vli"iii hail ! ra\c!li'. 1 oii !!;c >a'l<l!(' iiidix' t liaii 
 a ill "i-aihl iiiilr--. |() iiu'c! llu'i,' lirrlliiTii. I''n)iii lln'su 
 IIm'V IcaviH'il. a-> lln'V li-^lciinl tn llic rcciial oi' tlnlr 
 lal'iii'-, liial tliiTc were |tlacc> luitrc I'orlii'l'liiii;" tit l!c-li ami 
 Moirl iliaii \i»\"a S'-dl ia. ()ii lluar ri'iiii'!.. luiiiuMl aiil 
 .MarxK'ii Weill on >liM.'t' at I>iu"l>y. Ii<»|ilii:;- liii' an opiior- 
 luuily l(» jiroacli. luil iioih' |irc->riit('il il-cll'. Ilviiiicii IkhI 
 Iirrii a|i|M)iiitc'l l.i ( 'iinilifi'latiil. aii'l .Mar-<li'ii lo .\iii'aiii)- 
 li . liir [\\i\'v. niMiidi-.. afi'l liii- tlic rc^t ol' llu' year, to Si. 
 Joliii. At (! raii\ilU' ami tlu' WaliK-ck ^vl I Iriiu'iil, ilu' 
 (•(Hiu;'eu;at i(Mis wc/e so lai"i;'(' llial Ma; -iloii |H'i'a<'lic I ainl 
 a'liirnii>ti'i'ci| llu' li(tr(rs Sii|ijK'r "in llic woifils." At Si. 
 .loliii lie I'oiiml 'ali\'c!y ami iiiiitcil liMli' cliiircli." In 
 diiiiiiL!,' iVoiii house to house, ainoii^;- the iiu'tnluTs ol" the 
 (•liiifcji. as was the custom of the itineraiits in Si. John 
 
 at that (lav, h 
 
 A 
 
 (' i)i"'aiii ' we 
 
 a!"iuainti"l wit li hi- 
 
 1' iriv. 
 
 iiiiinluM' ot luoiis coloi'c 
 
 1 
 
 |)i'o|ile n'avi' him mui'h 
 
 cMicoii i-aux'tnciiL. As soon as ih-,' ico |K".'mit to! hi,' went 
 iiji the river, and i-eaclu'd SJK'tlit'M al'ti'i- a (laii^croiis 
 <li'i\'(' ihi'ouu'h a itlinliiiL;' snowstorm, lie ]»!'i'aclu(! on 
 l)oili sides of the i'i\'e!'. and I'l'ceixed a warm welfome, 
 not oid\'tVom the .Mi'thodists. hut also iVom t lu' ( *on;_iiv- 
 «j;atioiialists. wlio invited jiim to |»i'eaeh in llieir (diun'h, 
 ^vllieil had [irevioiisly heeii I'emoved I'roiu ^[augorville lo 
 Shc'liield. oil the ice. 
 
 Oil Sunday, the 1st of September, 1S(H^ twoti-ai 
 
 IS 
 
 poi'ls fVoin LMymoutli, with the lari;'cr ]>ai't of His 
 Majesty's 2IMli, or Woivestorsliire reu;iineut, entered 
 Halifax: harbor ; and on the afternoon of ihc followiiii;" 
 day, the tr()0[)s, called by a Journal of' that day. a • lino 
 body of youiiiji; men,' landed at the KiiiLc's ■wharf, and 
 marched lo llie barracks. Throu h one of these, whoso 
 
ix Tin: rowKi: /'/:n\'fX('7-:s. .ist 
 
 • i'.w- 
 
 • than 
 
 ilirlr 
 h Mini 
 t and 
 )|r. ii»r- 
 n 1 1 ail 
 iraiio- 
 
 In St. 
 it. the 
 el aii'l 
 
 At Si. 
 h." hi 
 
 of the 
 I. .I.'hii 
 ilnck. 
 
 lIlUi'll 
 \V;'nl 
 
 '■crMiis 
 I'.I-I'IV- 
 
 llUfi'll, 
 
 vilK'to 
 
 ) trails 
 1)1" His 
 Mitcrotl 
 I lowing 
 
 a • imo 
 i-r. and 
 , whoso 
 
 jtoMici'ly l);'arinL: i-itntiniicl !<» lie a-> niai'ki-d nml'M' luin- 
 i.-.|r;-ial uvirlt a-> ii h:;.! i'wr I'ccn on mililai'V pai-a li', ihi- 
 ;n'ri\al 'il'iliat i\'L;'iin','nl ha-- an inlimaii' roiiiicci !■ mi nlili 
 till' .'Ii'ili(Mli<m oi' I !u' r,'>\\rr l'i'u\-ini-,'-«. Th' ynun ;• man 
 ill (|ii '--linn cai'i'ici! in lii> Kna|i--:M'k a imi'' iVuin Saimu'l 
 l):':i i'liini, I lu-n -laliDiicI ;ii riyiiii'Uli, whidi m-iiictl 
 liini an innncdiatc wi'icMinr iVi'in ihi .Me' lniili>!s oi" iinlj- 
 Cax. and a iilaci' in tin' |»iil|ii! ni" i licii- (.•hinTli. TIic nanu^ 
 of S^cjilu'ii il'iiir'ord. '.\'iio;i) i5,'a'l!'iirii i!iii> in! •■'diircl. 
 is y.'i I'l'ini-nil'ci cd i'V inan\' in the i'yoxiiicc- wiili a 
 i'("'".i id aiiM'oacliiii''' to \'t'iici'at ioii. II. • wa- ' omi n ai' 
 Not : inL."Iiani, in iIh' year ITT'*. < >f lii- farl' ;• lii'lory 
 lillli' is I<no\vn, savi'tlial lie rrjirlicil nM-aiiiNi 'lo iiai-d- 
 -lii j'-> and |ii'ivi'.( io!i'< of aiijUTiit ic,- diip lo a man ac! iin-r 
 in liN own iH'"_:li!i'>;liooi|. left !ii-. ma-ic;-. ;ind. a' r wan- 
 dci'iii'4' '"'■:> 'i'lu'. riil'-^icd ill ilifi".M!! I'cuMmcnt. . i IT'.'."), 
 lu'-.',\-.'d iindfi- l!if hnkc of ^■oi•k in Holland. Tin' L':'! Ii 
 iH'L'"ni>'n; fori'.icd a part of the fonn- i>iiM-:i;i-('l in lli- • W'al- 
 clir -en (.'X]u'd:iioii.' At llic --icLiC "f i'ci'^'mi-op-Z' ;om lie 
 r('C"^Vv'd a scvcic wonnd. 'V'> ii c IT-- own word-. ' n 
 if\'vi\ cowarij tiir<'W down Iiis mii-.!<('( and fan ;:'.\;iy." on 
 wii'^n lie immcliali'ly <';iim'Iit ii]i 'in- loalcd ])'cc.\ and, 
 a|>i'! iMc'iin';" lilt' li.'ca--i woi'k of tiir ciU'iny. lire! it, 
 rocv'i N-iii';- in 1 ("iiii-n a -lioi in the l"vn-l. wjiicii n^Mi-ly 
 C'o-,1 liini his lift,'. At • he cIom' o| i hr ( Iciiinci camii;. ':,'li 
 Ihi' !t"_;-imcnt cniliaiKcd fin-llit' Wc-i Indin'^. In oi:,- of 
 tile inmoiis naval (.'iiu'au'cnit'nt- o| thai p; /ioil iIm'C'I|h 
 to witiidi lu' Iu'Ioiil:'!'! actcil a> i!iai':n('-;. ilo was .ifti-i'- 
 wari-> cailod to lain' i-arl in (|ni'i!i!iu' tlic Iri^-li ''i'!:''llion 
 of 1 7''"^. .'1 diilicult and hai'assinu' scixicr, diii'iti'j; w'lidi 
 his iT'jimi'nt. in on" nu'inoralih' in-tanci'. ^avcd ih" liv^vs 
 of many Pi'oi('v|an;-. am; ( jlt'ctually ri'|»nl>nd the ci'iicl 
 I'chfl h'a.dci's. Tiii'oiia'h his ]>a>-ionaIe i(»)idni'--. foi* 
 )nn-ii'. 1k' was in (inu' iiit rodiicni inu.) the band of ilie 
 rcuimenl as a phiyor on the bassoon. 
 
:js2 
 
 i/ismnY or Mirr/ioiusM 
 
 m 
 
 
 '!'Im' ji;i!'l;<Mil;ii's i.r hi. cii/lici" rrll'i'iMii-. c'lfc'i'. ^"^ 
 !'ii/iii-In',l iVoiii ;i v'liricly of >-Miii'fr-. ni'f tVa;^'iiiriit:if\ 
 •,[\v\ -(.iiu'wlijit ('(tiitlic! iiiu'. Il :ii']<"irs lliat . <lii:'iii-- lii-- 
 (•(iiiiliiciii.'u; ill ;:ii !"',ii-'li !i l!n-;tli:!!. in ci'ii-'-ii't'in'.- <ii' 
 llic woiiiiil rt'Ci'isH'il ill I'l-'llaipl. lie l'>r;iiiic a • ii'W 
 is'calurc" ill < ■!ii'i->t .Ir-i'>. Tlic ili'i'ivimi wliich i,ia;'l<t"l 
 \\':> caicc:- llii'niivlr'nl lil'.- wa-- at oiuT iiiaiiir»'-!i"l ''V liis 
 <'ii"'ML'ciii<'iii iii a |rra\'r: -iii'.'ci il;^• \", il!i m'V(' 'al iii iliiii.'V 
 I'rii'ii'l -. In a 1<>"!M liiffil to,- t iic |iiir]i!)-('. In I.r'aii'l lu' 
 jiivi wilh ilir .'\lclli')'li-l-. wlio-^c .••.••ai iii'.jiirc'! iiiiii wiili 
 !i"\\' ('iici'u"\'. '!'<> tliciiiln' >a''i. •! will '.;•'« \viiii y«'ii. 
 \oy (;,).| i-; will: yi)i:.' Ili^ niaiTia;;i'. ir. ITV:«. wiili a 
 • ; .'MiN' r.\<'c!!c:it Willi!".!!.' nil )-(> li!(' a'l<»;'M'."l lu." jii'otc'- 
 sioM. strcimihi'iu' 1 liii;': wli'lc .•••MiciM"!!;.'; a:^'ai;i-l llic 
 
 i'ii;;;i\' tcin|)lati<'ii'^ iii'-i'ifii! to a ir.iliia 'V litV. I 
 
 ) |i';\ >' I n'c 
 
 !1 \\\''i 1 
 
 i,:'rc| ( i;i 
 
 )cal ii;'.'a''iH' 
 
 IV I'radliiirii. I'M! ^a: n\' \\\'' ai'Ma^hiiic' ( 
 
 \v i- -;ii<l 
 
 ■1 \v^ 
 
 Moii'li hail 
 
 '.■■ i(»ll |v sMiiI>.'i). w.ill l>'ll!ts In 'ir caifll- 
 
 !;iK':l ()al\- i.i ■■U':'iiii\-. 1!;^ iiilc 
 
 Ir.t! 
 
 1 :ii i)ai>l;<- 
 
 a I III It 
 
 Si 
 
 •i\-al( 
 
 ji;' I hi', Ml a"''i)!M!i;iii:''l I'V ;iic |i iwr:- n 
 i!'.' la.ldii'r slicliv;- one i!a.\' tVmn a I 
 
 IkiWvT In- wa> j: line I !iy t'lc il; nni iiia.jornl' his i-i'^'in.ic;!!. 
 () whom In- told (he >lovy of hN h!]>j)'.ii('.-s wi: h • iich 
 to K'a'! hiiM to the Saviiru '. thrown'li \v!io-i' ('.i-alli 
 
 {^;n'i'i 
 
 Ih' ll'M^-l' 
 
 iiai I' 
 
 lit, A 11 <illii'('i' ill i!u' routine: 
 
 to Whicii IH' 
 
 111 lord 
 
 III 
 
 ls:;!i. he ■-] 
 
 H'!oni:'i'il was one oi' the iirst-frui'is of 
 1 hiring- a v''>\\ to Miii',!: 'kL 
 a fi-w \vi'"!c> il! ( ' lii'i'ii.-v'W w;ih 
 
 local iimii^irv 
 
 K'il! 
 
 Wiiliaiii r)i!ii. who •• fa; hri' iia.d ial:';i him 
 
 wh:':i a. iKi\' 
 
 to 
 
 hcai- Mho solilii'i"' i>;'rai'!i. Jiiid v,i;h wp.imp. Ii'.- had 
 
 it iih'asant di.x's in the lui-dou lidi 
 
 1 ol" t!ir I 
 
 owor 
 
 ■oviiUH's. { )n o;io oc'ii-ioii t'u' li'icwh'. walkol no lo 
 
 • Ilo'.'c' •■■■;i\-s !>\irt, I .M'iToivt'ii hiip 
 
 thi' fori in comiJiinN'. 
 
 1.0 ho in di'op ihoiiL'Sd aiid in tea:'. . Tho dco[»iy-inU'/o-t- 
 
/.v 77//; LOW/:.'; /v.-m'/.v 
 
 »M.^ f 
 
 itioii \v;; ■ iH>t I'li.r \vMii!,<'M. I!.' «t;i!iMl t!.;.! 
 
 it:ii'\ 
 
 (•(• 111 
 
 li;'V. 
 
 irKf 
 
 I'V ir. • 
 .! il ::.■>• 
 11. 1 lu' 
 II \vi!il 
 1 •■,(•11. 
 villi :i 
 i »;•(>!•• • 
 • t ill*' 
 ■ is siii'l 
 
 1 li 
 
 ;r,'i n 
 
 ini- 
 
 .i" ;!i'. 
 
 iim".'. t ■ 
 
 h -iK'li 
 
 (U'liili 
 
 ■.-iliK'Ut 
 
 I r> s I ' 
 
 \v 
 
 !,i)\V(.'i' 
 
 111) lo 
 
 Vrii l)il>^ 
 lU'/o-^t- 
 
 >'Mii ;'.i' 
 
 '(■i;.;ii 111-- i'ri::;'ii'U-- ciiirx' lus rt'ii'iliK'n; 
 
 w.i^ >;;>!;";ifl iii lliai vtT"/ .^'ai';'! • m. 
 
 '' I . nu 
 
 ■1 v.-;'l, 
 
 iii-^ liiii;*'.' !t» ill'' iMi'iii ill wli'fli \\v Iia 1 li\i<l. \vlu';i I i- 
 li;!i| I'l -I'.irc!" iiuh'fi ]ir:-.i'i.'inii,ii to;" iIm' -a!<(' .>r (.iir L m I 
 .Irsil-. <'!iri>I. ••i;i l!;;'.' ; .i'i:iri'." -ai'l lie. •• 1 w;;-- ;'> 
 rai^ai'.' 1 I'oi' i)!'i'.".i'iii!iu' iIm' (Ih-jicI lo ilu' ;m>1. 
 <i;i(' >i(i,)-l liv Hit' lull ai! I >Mir.', 
 ai'.ij arif:\va.i-<lv u;;,' i>\' ijic K ii 
 
 1 1 
 
 I 'iM' II, hi V ',\v.^\ riili\ I'i'! 
 
 ;.':Ii! ■ <•!• Will. Ism.,' ! 
 
 \\<-!l' 
 
 t' > MT IlilH 1 l|t'.\ V.'.H 
 
 i \.-;; . la: I in I! 
 
 :lii|. ;:;i,l t;,i; 
 
 him la !<;. \',i;l! \i- ■ aiiil in'ii'iiiil ic^. .^.u lii;.; I slidnifl 
 
 IKil II i\'C kllMWll Ir 
 
 V II 
 
 |)a-.>-c 
 
 an- 1 
 
 In- '; .1 !!'< ;Ipai"l. 
 
 'C'li il'c! ,M|1 ol |||_\ l-l.cc |;;i,( 
 
 < il i\\-\' Iiic'i 1 ii;;' li;r a:.'a.i;i 
 
 II 111' ■; w >: 
 
 III Str'i!;.')! liaiMiii: 
 
 i iu- 
 
 • MM laa 
 
 a iiiinic iia 
 
 • a 
 
 ii'-'-i iiim '(•; r-. I 
 
 rSv'iaiiiK" 1. •■ .'. ■•.' Mcar 
 
 '.Ir. I; 
 
 aiii 
 
 LiTi'a.i'^t. t 
 
 1 • ^ I IM 
 
 liaxf ai tiH' w.ii'l'! : I' 
 
 t.'i I <i!i my iicr 
 '1. > 111 a:(' i! 
 :• ^•.al wa'ir ij 
 
 111--! :aiiii<';it dl 
 
 iji'im r 
 
 >ai s ;;. I .iia. 
 
 ('.rj«:i!-n!!" \'. 
 
 !i tl 
 
 I" i'c:.::i'ac 
 
 ;•>!■ Xi.'.a 
 
 •'•i >i ai. 1 <aiii.i >'.'>[ s I'.io 
 
 .>;• ( 111' cnaN' 
 
 '•■I I ' 
 
 <'i'ii.- 
 
 (•-. w;!!: iii-. nr o;i'ia! \- aa'l iiri' (.'vci-aa'/e iii w 
 
 I'll-Mi >ii; 
 
 JKin '■(^•i;:\'! t<ii' IiDii NIC 1;'.\'.>" *•'. i!'a;;\' (i;' lii--; ciai 
 
 loiis i!i a:'ia- 
 
 1 1 ..' 
 
 ):■!: 
 
 a- i.-aiiaal l.ia\'i»i 
 
 i iia! iU';a\' .1 
 
 H'a!;;!:; !l;^ l''I'ci'i»i iH; i ciiiii-i ;ii]i. \'i'iiiiai aa-^ <• 
 
 I •!<.'• 
 
 itllH' 
 
 |1' joss ( ), !). 
 
 ')ii- \a' 
 
 and 
 
 )!ia 'A: 
 
 ir, ir 
 
 l,lr.> iiai-i';ic,;s. ciiJUil up a. tai' iir.i:!'-a;' ni iMa:';_':('. ; 
 
 ' 'Til'' •' ^lilii;try l\iiii.liis (if Winilsdi'" ilcrivi' ihcir (iri^Jn l 
 IMwanl III. .\>!iiii')!/, liir lii'>t()r:;ni of the < (nlcr i.'' tlu' (i 
 
 roin 
 iirua-. 
 
 .<;i\>. ' • the cviili'ii; ii'tciitidii (if till- Ku_v;il l'"uunilci' w,!-; to jtro'ide 
 lor such aiiliiary iiivii or oM Mihiirr.--. ;;.- Imd M';'\a'i| him hiawlv 
 ami faithfully iluritiLi- lii- war-, as a rcinuiicratinii foi' ili-ir pM.it 
 MTsiiv's. hy lUMVidi;-.;;' thiMii with an a^ylinn in il.rir (IccJiuir.Lr 
 yr;!!'.-^."' 'i'hcy c'(in>ist (if a ( iover'ior ai;'! .-<(_-v(/iiK'c'!i I\iii;;iit.-:. wlm 
 arc lor the most pint vctLa'aii.s, or on iialf-iiay.' Collier s (,'ii..lc io 
 Wuxl-tor. \K 1 1. 
 
 :<i\\K 
 
 Rev. Win. nin-t, in • V\'c-!cy:in Mcf.I'.o.list Ma-;'./iiic,' l.s;.-)I.p 
 
384 JffSTO/i'Y OF MET HOT) ISM 
 
 ])!'(•:!(■' r'l. it is •-.'liil. <»ii tlir ('Vciiipii- iiftri'liis arrivMl. !o a 
 (•(>i!';'r(',.;:!i Imii i^alliciH'd within ilu" wal!< <>1' '()!(! Zoai'.' 
 .\ - i ir as Iiis miliii!! y diiiirs woiilil pD'inii. lu- foiii imn'il 
 lii- >,* aJiiii-; laliiii's. a.ml m>o!i lucanic in tlic I-v-l s;'n-o 
 ]u)jiula;'. 
 
 A' !l:i' ( 'in'.ri'i'oi'.ci' oMS!!;;. wliidi was cMnnii'.'nciMl at 
 \\ i:;:!-!)!-. (<n Tncsilay llu-lllliu;' May, nii<lcrllu' jirv'^i- 
 (l('i'f\" mI" r.larJs. I lie niMvi ini]><)i'tan( (lansactiMii. Ityoiiil 
 I ii' ■ ii;''iiii:' i-y i'on! inc ■ ii' lin-'iiicss, \\';;-^ i'lc ai|i'ii'i"ii of a 
 ini:iiil(' j\'l;it ivo lo a l-ciici- pros i-^il)n li'i' iJu' :-nj)|M)rt ot" 
 t!n' niini-lry. 'Soiia' ol" tlii" |)riiici|);il (Vi^'nil-. in liu' 
 (liil'.'ifiK '.'Ircuii-.' ii wa- :-;iiil. ' lia\ r cxpi r>>r*l inn'!i '-(iii- 
 ccrn !(•-•( tlie ))n',-','iii in;a!iMjaa(i' jii'n\-i>:(in I'o;' ;( niar- 
 ri(,ii niini>{ry sIkmiM oin'i-ato as a <li^'^)ln•al:^'^l^•il! In tiic 
 ]»i'r;;ciici's. induciinr lluaii ritlici' to Incati'. or ii move 
 IVoii! iliis jiai'l o|' 1 hr Coanrxlon. AViia'. i-cnirdy i^ ]>ro- 
 ]»o'.';i \\)v Mk' I'cMuowil oi" I his cx-il ? ''riu' ( 'oii'l'i cnco.' 
 it '.'. a.--. answciH'J. • ai!o|)l t ho inca-urcs ic'coinnicn'icd hy 
 soiiM' of tlic sicwar<l> : vi/. that an animal Mi!'->r;i])tion 
 sht'iiji' i'c iiui'lt' anion::' oui' jn'iacipal iVirnds. alln' the 
 inaniur o!' ihc Met iiodNi Socii'i ic-; in laiudan!!: aii'! tlia.l 
 the pioco'.'ds shall he hroi'.L'dit to the ( *onJe!\aae, and 
 ioil'-id in tiu' hai:d^ ol' 1 he ti'n->iet's aj)iiointe(i hn' this 
 ]»ai'i'OM: the ailowiwice out ol' this i'lnid to he i-c^alati'il 
 hy t iie N'otr ol" the ( 'onl'crence.' '^I'lie li'U -tees ajipointel 
 
 in ;e'c.M'(l;ii 
 
 lee wii h I hi-; iniiuite v,ei'< 
 
 >re'-s!'s. Ah':-:and 
 
 ei" 
 
 Anderson. IJori'ows Havies andi Sainiud Stdlon. all ol' 
 Halifax. 
 
 Some s]iea\as M'ei'e n'athered ahont tills ])('rioih 
 Jkainelt. stalioiieil in St. John, spent a part of tie.' •<\int 
 
 ler 
 
 in lluMi])-!'ivei' disti"iel>. As I'^reilerietoii. tlie anion of 
 Isaac ( "ia^'k with the sm.all ^Fethodi ;( society in that idaee 
 ,i;avatly (dieeivd the heart of Duncan lllaii". y\v. (dark, 
 a few yeai's later appointed a leader, maintained his 
 
 mn\ 
 
7^T THE LOWER PROVINrES. 385 
 
 , to a 
 /our.' 
 
 I'.lllU'il 
 
 u'Oil at 
 
 u of a 
 
 itort <>!' 
 
 ill 11'.^' 
 
 [<-]\ cdU- 
 
 ;i inai- 
 I 1m the 
 itini>vc 
 
 ■ i, pl'O- 
 
 iV'Tt'llct'.' 
 
 ri I it ion 
 'in- llu' 
 
 r.n- this 
 i'.ihitO'l 
 
 iiin 
 
 to. I 
 
 •xiunh.M- 
 
 (11 
 
 pci'ioih 
 
 winter 
 
 llli'iil ol 
 
 [ii iihu'C 
 
 (Mark, 
 
 ,kmI his 
 
 positictii to the day of liis (h'ath, in 1^^;")!, as an 'n|trii:,'ht. 
 sohiM'-inindc'il and conscientious inciulx'i'.' (h'cply intc;-- 
 cstod in the welfare of that hranch of th«' < 'hiirch. with 
 whicli heat the lien-innirii;' of t he ciMit ury. liail eomiccled 
 hiniM'If. 'rhronu'h the lahoys of lieiiiiett an uii^iially 
 
 irioii was awak'encd in the inind> of 
 
 (h'e|> interest in reh 
 the ]»eoph' of Slictheld and tlie adjoinini;' set t h'nimt--. 
 'Some wei'e awakeni^hand several wei'c Iridy eonN'erted 
 toii.HJ.' 'A 1 
 .f tl 
 
 ew ol' I Jii'se 
 
 aid .laeac 
 
 iini. who iieloi'e 
 
 tjie close of the ycai' visited tiial ] 
 
 la 
 
 .M 
 
 I'l ol' New 11 
 
 ■1111- 
 
 Wic 
 
 k. • had heen so jirejiK 
 
 ic!i' own (^\'i»i'e^-^ioii, lli('\- colli 
 
 !i(H'd a.'j,'ain-! ns. thai, to iis(> 
 liai'dK' suhiiiil to he 
 
 hi'oiiLi-Jit to ("hi'ist hy nieaiis of a .Methodist iireacher; 
 hut now tliey rejoice that <\<>A ever inclined their hearts 
 loaiteiid iii»oii our minimi ry." Anioii^- tho^eal Shclheld to 
 whom the Sjiirit rendered the mini-try of l)eiinelt a hles- 
 siiiU'. was a youni;' woman, \vlio de^ireij to attend a saci-a- 
 nieiiial servico. ludd hy tliat minister ]ii'eviou->ly to hi- 
 j'etui'ii to St. John, hut who hesitated, throu^'h fcai'of 
 the op'iositioii of her father, wiio was a ( 'oiii^'re^'aiional- 
 ist. ()ii the Sahhath niorniiiic> after s|)ecial praxcr. she 
 met her hither, who, without any reiiiiest on her part, 
 i,daddenod her h.y the remark, • If yoii wi>h to atlend ihc 
 sacramental serviei' yoii can." In the ]iath\\ay thus 
 opened hy i'l'ovidencc slie continued to walk. As the 
 wife of Thomas Piclvard, she removo*! to ;i settleineiil 
 uhove Frederieton, ami thence, in ISO.'J. i iilot hat town.w hero 
 she. and, aftoi wards, her hiishand, chiody throiiu'li her in- 
 lluonoc, hecanio valiialde momhers of thosinall Methodist, 
 oluiroh in that ]>laoo. Two sons, one of whom is II um- 
 ]»hrey Piokard, J). I)., of tho Xow Brunswick- ('oiitereiiee, 
 liavo u'ivon the family niiiiu' a more than local promin- 
 ence. In Halifax, largo and attentive eongrc_i,^ation> lis- 
 tened to the preaching of the truth, and ahout twelve 
 
38G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 IIJ ; 
 in 
 
 II ' 
 
 persons cxpci'ieiR-ed eoiivei'sion duriiii;" the wiiiloi-. At 
 Jiiverpool, Marsdcn oi.joyed many pleasant and pi-olil- 
 alt!c seasons. \ Sunday-school, tlic tii'sl in the prox in- 
 eial circuits to which \vc tiiid rclci'cnce, was lonncd at 
 ]jivc;'pooI, at the coinineiicciiicnt of 1S()4, !Mar.-dcn cal- 
 U'll the atterition of the con^'i'Ci^'atioii to tlic suii'iect on 
 ^«'ew Veai'"s l)a^'. A committee oC seven was anjiointed- 
 The teachers, who wi'ie vohmteers, were six in iiumher, 
 two of whom took (diai'u'e on each Sunday. 'J'his 
 s(diool, in common witli all s(diools of the kind at that 
 da}', seems to have lieen desitj;'ned foi- the ))ooi'ei' che-^es 
 oidw On Salihath. llie .^th of .lanuai'v, tweiitv rhihli'cn 
 jirescnted tiiemselves, wIkj were tau<j;ht l>y .Josjiua 
 Xewton and Ahiiiel Kirk-. On the foUowin,";" Sa.hhath. 
 twenty-six children attended, ' morning', noon and 
 ni,i;'ht.' A person wlio visited the school, remai'ked, 
 ' The institution has a ii,'ood a])])earance, and I ho|)e will 
 sucreed.' A few niontlis later, at the suggestion of the 
 secretary, a gentleman Avas requested to attend, as 
 ' wi'iling-master.' *' At Annapolis, sometimes without a 
 resident minister for months, the membei's of the socie- 
 {\ held meetinii's for i)ra\-er and exhoi-tation. B\' means 
 
 t r^ J t i. 
 
 of these they were mutually strengthened, and ollen 
 ' jtowerfuUy hlessed.' 
 
 A numl)er of the loyalists who liad settled in the 
 county of Annapolis liad l)een converted undei* the min- 
 istry of Black and Ins successors. Tlie liomes of several 
 ol" these l)ecame centres of Methodist influence. ^Phat 
 of John Sloconil), of Itanley Mountain, was one of 
 
 '' This W.1S not tlio first Sabbatli-scliool formed in the Lower 
 Provinces. A pcntlcman from one of the coiuitry districts, wliile 
 visitinj^ Halifax in Di'ccinhor, 17SH, wrote in liis journal : 'Dec. 
 7th , I po to cliurch in tlie morning and liear the Bishop i)reaeli a 
 charity sermon to collect money for clothing some poor children, 
 ■w-hich he has engaged in a Sunday-school. There were £ IS col- 
 lected. The institution, however, is not generally approved of.' 
 
 aiii 
 
 t J i; 
 
•I"';- el.a.-aofer. '.U,.. SI,„,m„I, ,,,, ,„ , . 
 
 ""■'■^"•"".^iy..m.,.i„.,i ,0 Hu. 1 ,:'''■''''■■■'" '"•™''^'' 
 
 '""■'"'"• f""''' -'-MS, -|,,i„',.". "'' ' "■•■^^ '-n.T. |„. 
 ■'""' l-'Winush- ,.„,r„.,,..| '■'"'■'"'■'' -V-w V,„l- 
 
 "^""■"I'-i-tto,,,,,,,,-;,,,,,!,,,,, . ■""' -'■"■ '"■■'■•■'■"" 
 
 ■I'"-<.li.tH,„,n-y „,„.. ,,,i.,;| , • " '""vak„r,l,, 
 
 <:*Iosc of'dic v-1- fi ^'^^'1 as ;ui <,/j ,.(,,. , , 
 
 i''<;-..M.o,„„v,.i,„x,„,,s,.,-„i.; J ";•'■"■'""- wi,i.... 
 
 '•(■SH,,.,,, „,„ .iisi,a,H!,.,| i„ i,so.> , ■7.'"'"- ^'■'»-" llic 
 '•«'"ini„g i.i., ,,,„,,, ,,„, ,,,„„,,.-;;;, '■"•■'■-I ■■" l.al,:,„.,,, 
 K-n.tod him In- ,,,,,,,„.,, J;;/' I ;:.w.,H,,r I,,,,,,, 
 
 ^veaiti,y ,„„, ,r imJ ,;;';■'.''■ '■•■^•''■''-•i'H> 
 
 Through , ho ii.Huonoc of,, „„,, ' ""' '"-'MM.orhoo,!. 
 
1-i^ 
 
 3S8 
 
 inSTORY OF METirOBISM 
 
 listen to Edward Miinniiii;". ill tlir old lia)>tist cliurcli ai 
 Nictaux. On the I'ollowiiin' Sahltath. tlu' Coloiicd attoiidod 
 the same ehuirli, with the intention ot prevontinn-, 
 by his ]>rosen(*e, any ailiiiission ot' interot on her 
 ])art. Maniiiiii;" aihlressed his hearers from the words 
 of Pe^er; 'Silver and u'old jiave I none; hut such 
 as 1 liave ii,-ive I the(\ In the name ot' .Je-'Us Christ of 
 Xazaretli rise uj) and walk-." The ( 'olonel li-leiied and 
 trenil.th'il. A I'riend of his, a lawyer named ,V|»lin. who 
 liad reeeiveil miudi heiietit from the readin:^: of \Ve>!ey's 
 .sermons, ealh'd upon Jiim, and left lluv-.e sermons foi- his 
 perusal. He read them in eonnectioii with his Uihle, 
 .saw himself to l»ea sinner, leariieil the divine method of 
 savini;' man, (•on>ented to he saved hy that ])lan, and 
 resting' the whole weii;'hL of his li'uiit on tlie atonement 
 ()f(-hrist, found ]ieaee. AVithoiit delay heeommeiieed to 
 aet ill the s])irit of i;'«)od Latimer's adai;'e. * Iiestitution or 
 no remission ;' and in all eases \vheri' it was jiossilile 
 made ample reeom])ense for ])asi wroiiii's. Soon after 
 his conversion, tlie Iiev. AVin. Twining' of Cornwallis cal- 
 led upon liim, and in eom]>any with liiiii and his wife,, 
 visited Douw Ditmarn at Clemeiits|)ort. 
 
 Throuii'h the reailini>' of Fletcher's '(dieclcs.' iilaced in 
 his liauds by a friend, Col, Bayard resolved to connect 
 himself with the Methodist l)rancli of the Church of 
 Christ. His first ste]i, after the adoption of this resolu- 
 tion, was to write a note to Black', who ^-as e.K])ected to 
 visit the Anna])olis circuit, asking him to call at his 
 residence. That ministei*, ignorant of the existence of 
 the note, but informed of the event which had ]U'()m])ted 
 its despatch, called upoti him on his way to Annapolis, and 
 
 met with a ])leasing reception. 
 
 ir 
 
 e I'cceivei 
 
 I n 
 
 le, 
 
 sau 
 
 1 
 
 Black, 'with the utnu)st kindness, and rejoiced to have 
 a Methodist pi-eachcr under his roof. With many tears 
 
IS THE LOWER PriOVJyCES. 
 
 aso 
 
 h ul 
 ided 
 
 Ol'ils 
 
 such 
 st of 
 
 aii'l 
 
 \vlii> 
 
 )!• iii-- 
 IViMe, 
 \{A of 
 . aiitl 
 i.nnent 
 iH'd to 
 iou or 
 ssil>lc 
 
 afU'i- 
 lis (•al- 
 
 wifov 
 
 •oil in 
 
 ich oi" 
 solu- 
 Itod to 
 III bis 
 lice of 
 |\pte(l 
 ;, ami 
 saiil 
 Lave 
 1 tea IN 
 
 he lamcntt.'<l lii> forinci* iiilidclity and aversion t<» llu- 
 jK.*«';|»Io r>t'(rr)d ; and expix'sscil ai;ain and airain liis lliank- 
 tulne??> t<» God that his eves had heen o|iened ere it was 
 \<t't hiU-. His ^ei'vant was soon sent lo invite ('a))tain 
 |{ — . and Lawyer A — , and some oth^-rs. to dinnei* and 
 lea: and all the )K'ii;'hhorhood lor some miles ai'ound, to 
 hear 
 
 •h 
 
 ll 
 
 j»:-eaehim: in ilic evenlI:^^ wlicii we liaM a lar^e (•()n- 
 
 i^re^ration m \\\> new lioiwt 
 
 W 
 
 e liau a solemn and ]>roli- 
 
 tal»!c* season, while 1 discour>ed on the natuix' of ( 'hristian 
 faith, and the |>reeioii^ness of Jesus Christ to tho>e who 
 heliev*' in Ilini. from 1st l\'tcr 2, 7. Sc^viM-al Chi'istian 
 iVieri«l'« stoj)[)cd after the luiMic service was ovei'. The 
 evenin*/ was a^'reeahly spent in sini;'in;^\ jn-ayer. and 
 
 Chri-tian (•onver>ati 
 
 oil. 
 
 On his return I'rom .Vimanoli? 
 
 Jihi'-k a;^ain preaidied at the < 'ojoiu'l's roidenee. • The 
 reinenihranee of his former sinful course," wrote Black-. 
 • lead- him oft^'ii to wee]), and. with many tears, to ex- 
 [n-e^s hiH al/horrenee (jt" them. IJe is much attached to 
 y[v. Wi'slev's and .Mr. Fletchei-'s writinn's. He has 
 i^iven rne an order to ])roeure hiin 31 r. Wesley's 
 seniion-. and Mr. I'^'letcher's work's, toi;-elher M'ith !>r. 
 (.'oke"ri BiMe.' .Mrs. liayai'd. who a]>])eare(l to iUack' 
 to he a true j>enitent. was 'soon numhere'l amoii;;- the 
 ehildren f)r<Tod. and enahled to rejoiee in Chi'ist Jesus." " 
 The eoii-eioii-ness of the fori:'i\'eness of jier sins she re- 
 taijie<l iintil lier (jeparture, in a ij;ood old au'e. 
 
 "The eonversion of an oilicer -o (list i 111^-11 i.>»hed fy 
 rank and hraveiy. hy ju-ofaneiK'ss. hy dissi|»ation. in a 
 woj-d, l»y an uttei" and arr(»M-ant i-eeklessness of all reli- 
 icious eonr-ems,* eoidd not, as I)r. IJichey I'emarks, 'hut 
 excite a fnv>tonnd >en>ation throun-hout the wide and 
 resj>eetahh.' eirele of lii> acquaint anee. Far and near it 
 was matter of a?itonishment and the topic oi' remark. To 
 
 ■ ' Arminian Magazine,' 1«05, p. )S8. 
 
300 
 
 lUSTOJlY OF METHODISM 
 
 I ! 
 
 KOiiie if M'.'is quite olivioiis tliat lu- was l)o.si(lo hiin.solf; 
 ollicrs, more cool and ]»liilos()])hie, ])i'edii'le(l lliat the 
 fevvor of I'elii^ioii.s exeitemciit would ^ooll ])ass away, and 
 liis lid-mer vices resuino llieir wonted ascendnney.' His 
 a('(|uaintanf-e-< treated Idni in aceordanec witli these 
 views. Tlie Govci-no]-, a fonnei- intimate friend, rode 
 j)a>t his i"e.>idenee, and I he (iovernoi's lady chose to be 
 Avitty at liis exj)ense. Tlie Bishop, whose countjy seat 
 Ma> at Ayh'^foivf after uri;in^- him in vain to contiinie 
 in the l'>|»i-co])ai Churcli, gave him to understand that 
 he couhl no ioiiL^er visit him, in consetiiience of the ' h)W 
 c()ni|)any' kept hy Iiim.'' Xone of lhe.^e thing's moved 
 him. He even wrote to tlio Duke of Kent, with Avhom 
 lie had had -omo correspondence after the return of the 
 latle-i- to Kngland, an account of the change Avhich had 
 ttd<en ])lace in hi> ()pini(;ns and life. The lettei" wah> 
 answei'ed in a sjurit woi-thy of a son ot George tlie Third. 
 The l)iike, who had not liesitated, when in Halifax, to 
 ex])ress liis esteem for the Methodists, ]'e])lied that it was 
 not ]>rol»aMe that he should again meet his foi'iuer 
 ac(|naintance in the lield, or in the hall room, and resjiect- 
 fuUy askeil to be reniembere<l by him in his devotions. 
 It isquitejtossible that the plain and faithful admonitions 
 of his former companion in arms and in folly nuiy have 
 been among the means which led to the reiormation, so 
 evident in the later yeai's of the Duke's life. 
 
 Those Avho waited for the i-eturn of Col. Bayard 
 to his former liabits were doomcnl to a lifedong disap- 
 pointment. Tiie change which rendered him a monu- 
 ment oi' the transfoi-ming energy of the Gospel, though 
 almost as sudilen as that which checked the career of 
 Said of Tai'sus, Avas yet so complete that, without exag- 
 garation, he liad l)CCome a ' new creature.' Old things 
 
 Marsdcn's Narrative,' p. 185. 
 
TX TJTK LOWER P h'O I'fyi'h'S. 
 
 !)1 
 
 misclf ; 
 at tlie 
 ly, uiul 
 ;* His 
 
 I those- 
 (I, rode 
 ,0 U» he 
 ry seat' 
 ontinue 
 lid that 
 he ' h)^v 
 
 ; moved 
 
 II Avhoin 
 11 of the 
 lich had 
 :tci' Avas 
 le Third, 
 
 lifax, to 
 al it was 
 tbniiei' 
 i'cs])eet- 
 ■volions. 
 Diiitions 
 ay have 
 tition, so 
 
 1 Bayard 
 disap- 
 
 |a iiionu- 
 thousi-h 
 
 had )ia>M'd awav: all thing's liad Ih'ckiiU' i 
 
 lew 
 
 A> if 
 
 lirecr 
 
 of 
 
 it cxag- 
 thinL^s 
 
 <'iil ircly >aiictitie(| from llic iiiMiiniii of lii> lijiili lV"iii 
 ahovc, lie cxhiiiilcd al oiicc and cniitiiiiially. tin- liuca- 
 nii'iit'- (if t iic iliviiic i:iia^\' ill all tlic |n'rf('clinii of tlicii- 
 hcauiy. and all tlu' I'riiits of ihr Spirii in ihc iniMnos 
 of full maturity." A^ a class-li-adc-i'. lu' was allrctli>nnl(' 
 ill >]iii'il and faitlifiil in counsel ; Ids <'xlioi'Iatioiis and 
 ju'ayt'i's. ill till' |)uMic x'lvicc- UmI ly him in the al>^cn<H' 
 of t 111" ir.inisi ry. intere^led and im|»rt's>cd lii> licaiTi's ; 
 and. as a ina<;'i>trate. he hcranu' • a terror to evil-doers 
 and a praise to iliem llial do well.' 
 
 n the iipinioii oi 
 
 Ids i'rieiids, his lieiievoleiiee otleii e.xeei'deil t he li< iiuhIs 
 ol' ]inideiice. The cause of missions lay near his heart ; 
 liis unwearied exertions in I.ehalf of the Driti^h and 
 l''oreiu'ii Ihhie Society wei'c not soon loruolteii ; and wiieii 
 'J'eiii jieraiice societies were inlroduce(l into the proNJiuH' 
 he iieranie the pii'sideiit ol' oiu' of the earliest, and a 
 /ealous ad\-ocate of ahsliiienci' from tlie use ot alcoholic 
 stimulants. Jlis rci;-ard for the ministry of the .Metho- 
 dist ( 'htircdi almost amounted to veneration. No act 
 thiit could add to their comfoi't seemed nu'iiial to him. 
 They, on tiie other hand, as IVeinieiit witnes--es of his 
 ])iety in jaihlic tiiid domestic lite. s]iolce of him to each 
 otlier as tlio 'John Fletcher ol JN'ova Scotia." and learn- 
 ed to lo<»i< upon his pix'seiice as a lienedictioii. AVilliam 
 Cro>comhe. wiiose lorn;" aci|uainlance with him eommeii- 
 oed a few years after his conversion, writes in his pri- 
 vate Journal : 'Let me record a shoi't ineinoi'ial of this 
 blesx'il man as J saw him. He li\'e(l the ('hi'istian. We 
 too u'eiu'i'ally satisfy oui'sclvo i>y descriliiiii;' what the 
 Chi'istiaii ouii'ht to he. and in hoj)iiiu" that we shall, at 
 some iiidetinite limi', hi'come such : hut Col, Hayainl was 
 a Christian at home, or ahroad; in the means of ^-race, 
 or out of them ; in the company of the ungodly or the 
 
:}!>2 
 
 IflSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 T 
 
 ]»ious. .Moi'iiiiiii,-, iiDoii mill niglit, in all ])1ji(H's and imdei' 
 all ciirinn.stanct's, us f'ai' as man can Judue Ids icllow- 
 (.•realiiro, i\A. liayard was a C'lii-istian. Jle was one of 
 lliosc rare saints, ii])on whom the ndnd loves lo dwell.' 
 I)i'. Ki(diey, whose ac([iiainlanee with liim eonnnenecd 
 some veai's late:', says ol" him ; M am delineatinii' no 
 iileal |)icl(ir(!, Is])eak' that J do know, and testily that. 
 I have seen -'^ 'i\ When otUeiatin^" at his domestie altar, 
 ]i(^ iisiiallv I'ead the word ol'tJod standing", and 1 ne\'er 
 saw him do so without hedewin^ it with ins teai's. J3e- 
 iore he had ])roeeeded many verses in tlie lesson, his 
 venerahle and majestic tbrm would ti'cmhle, as if beneath 
 the superincumbent weii;'ht of the Spirit of g'loiy and of 
 (lod, that rested upon Jiim ; tears would suffuse his 
 face, and some ])ious ejaculation, or burst of j)raise. in- 
 lei'ndnij:linL!; with the heavenly oracles, would touch a 
 res]tonsive cord in every heart possessed of a ])ai'ticle of 
 spiritual susceptibility. Htei'nity has now placed its 
 sit>,*net upon his chai'acter. Sweetly lie sleeps in Jesus. 
 I hero record my heart-felt gratitude to (Jod that I ever 
 knew lum.'^ In 1882, after nearly thirty yeai's of mem- 
 bersliij* in the ^Eethodist Church — of wliich he said a 
 few (la3's before his death, ' Iler doctiines anddisci])line 
 are the most pure of any Church on earth' — he passed to 
 the Church triumphant. On tlie morninj;" of May the 24th, 
 a pul^lic fast day, he was taken suddenly ill, when alxmt 
 to leave Jus liome for the church. The severity of his 
 illness allowed l)ut little opportunity for conversation, 
 but did not ])revent him from assurini; his friends that 
 'Christ was precious.' On the fblloAving day he finish- 
 ed his course. 
 
 ^\t the General Conference of the jMethodist Episcojjal 
 -Church, tlie members of which met in Baltimore, on the 
 
 •' ' Meniok of Bhick' p. 324. 
 
7.V THE LOWER rh'OVJXrES. 
 
 \ umlor 
 oiic oi 
 
 (hVi'll.' 
 
 tiiiii- no 
 .ily that. 
 :icalt:ir, 
 I 11 ever 
 ,rs. Bo- 
 son, lii;^ 
 ' beneath 
 •y and of 
 luse lus 
 i-aise. in- 
 loiu'h a 
 article of 
 need its 
 in .le-us. 
 at I ever 
 of nieni- 
 b said a 
 [isei])lino 
 j)asse(l to 
 [llie24th, 
 
 k^n an* 
 
 )Ut 
 
 lers 
 
 )f his 
 ation, 
 
 inds that 
 le tinish- 
 
 Ipiscopt 
 
 il 
 
 on 
 
 tho 
 
 7th of Mjiy, 1804, William IMack was pivsent. asa liiu->1, 
 
 Co\ 
 
 vo. Who nresK 
 
 lied. 
 
 iiriiXMi 
 
 ni 
 
 ick' tit Vl^l 
 
 t I^ 
 
 ennnda 
 
 mil 
 
 in ease an ojien door sjioulil he |)iH'>i'nted, lo n-iui'M to 
 Nova Seolia in ordci- to ri'imtvr his lainily to the i-^lamls, 
 and to remain thcrr for thri'c or lour Ncars. Ijlacic foi- 
 
 a time hesitated, luit on Co 
 lional preaeliers sliould he ; 
 
 <(.' s assurance that two uddi- 
 >i'nt to Xova Scotia, coiix iitrd 
 to undertake the mission. In wi-itini;' to the |»j'o\ iiicial 
 ministers, res])ectini4' his determination to ohinin the 
 ])i'omised ]iel[). and the hi^'h hojies he entertained of 
 Jilack's success in Bermuda, Coke, wlio evidently hai'ed 
 a protest, said, ^Y(HI have reason to he soriy, hrethi-en, 
 hut you have no riij,'ht to com}»laiii. Vou must not ti'ust 
 in an arm of ilesh, however useful Christ may liave 
 made it to you. On Christ alone you must dejieml.' 
 
 Black was absent on his oxjiorimental trip to Ik-rmuda 
 when tho Provincial Conference of 180-f was held. \\y 
 appointment of Coke, and with the sanction of his hrelh- 
 rcn, James Mann presided at tho sessions, which were 
 commenced in Halifax, on Friday, the Gtli ol" .'nly. 
 Jo.>hini .Marsden and AVilliam I>ennett, ])reviously 
 ordained, wore received into full comiexion. John Cooper 
 was separated from his brethren, for immoral conduct; 
 and Thomas Olivajit was sus])ended fi'om the ministry 
 for twelve months, for intemperance. James Jones, whoso 
 name does not re-ap])ear on the ^linutes, was received 
 on trial, and appointed to tShoffleld. Nino hundred and 
 fourteen members were reported from tho several circuit^!, 
 — an increase of thirty one during the year. It was 
 ordered that in future a yearly collection should be 
 made b}' the prea<diers, to nicest the exjtenses oi' 
 travelling to the Conforcnco. Tho scrupulous obser- 
 vance of tliis rule, and the placing of the several 
 collections in a common fund, were strongly urged. 
 
1 
 
 ■ . 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 iH 
 
 f^ 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 I' 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 ' ^ 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 |! 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 11 
 
 , ! 
 
 
 ffl 
 
 ! , 
 
 
 ffl 
 
 , ; 
 
 
 r 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 m !i! 
 
 304 
 
 iriSTonv OF met iron ism 
 
 ^rii'iina-; Olivimt iu-vim' i'c'(iinn'il to tlic rallies of the 
 iliin'iaiil miiiist -v. '^!li•^ lalciitcil aiiil nx'iillc-sjdriicl 
 man lial lallc:! a vicliiu to lli" ilriiik'ini;" lialuts 
 ol' l!u' (lav. wliicii, ill spile ol" Wi,'-.|fy"s strict riiU' 
 on llu' siilijrcl. (lra:L;",i:cil M'xcrul of iIk' tnini-trrs 
 of early .Metliodisin IVoni the pulpit lo the dilch, 
 nii'l Weakened the iiilliieiiee of tiKiiiy otlu'i's; while 
 tlu-y aUo s,Mit lar^'e iiuinliers o|' her ineiiihers IVoiii Ik'I' 
 classes and eoniniiinion services to do^'i'udat ion and 
 deaili. and thousands (»!' her Siindavsidiolars to eai'ly 
 ii'i'avi's. Al'ler several year.> of wanderiii;;' lhroiiL;,h t ho 
 Lowei' l'ro\iiiees and Maine. ()livaii( I'oiiiid his way to 
 tile siiiall loyalist setlleineiil of Boeaiicc, in Churlolto 
 coiiiity, X. 1)., -where lie aided for a time as tutor in a 
 private family. Upon the <Ieath of the u'eiit leinaii with 
 ■whom he liad found a home at J}oe;d>ee, ho I'emoved to 
 l)iii"d(.'i;'iiasli. in the same eounty. There lietaui;dit school, 
 and found a lifedoii^- home in the hou>c of I'eler Me. 
 Callum. Ivs(|., ThrouLch tlu' Divine hlessinn; iijxm the 
 persex'eriiii;" ell'orts and symjiatiiies of Mr. .^[c('allllm and 
 liis excellent wifo, the fallen man was raised on his feet. 
 Au'ain ]>ossessod of tlie joy of salvation, ami upheld \>y 
 Clod's tree S|)irit, ho iiocamo a (dassdoador and local 
 preaolu'r. hidovod i»y tlioso who know liim for many 
 3'oars. His last illnoss was sovoro, hut horno with jiatieiico. 
 Cli'atitudo to (iod, and to those friends, who, hy their 
 jiationce and forbearance, liad helped liim baidc to the 
 paths of riii;]iteoiisness, filled his soul. As the McCalluni 
 family were gatliered near his dyinji; bed, ho looked U]) at 
 the ai;'ed s(piiro and his wile, and with a face radiant with 
 joy, expressed a ho])e that he niii;dit bo the tii'st to wel- 
 come them to everlasting liabitations. A little later 
 he dojiarted to be with Christ. His doath took place in 
 1840. 
 
/.v Tin-: fj>\v[:R rnnvixrKs. 
 
 .;:>.> 
 
 1 of tllC 
 qtil'itc I 
 lial)its 
 id niK' 
 
 lilli-liTS 
 
 • litcli, 
 ; wliilo 
 Voin lu'i' 
 idii :>ihI 
 to cai'ly 
 )imh tho 
 . way lo 
 'harlottc 
 I tor ill :i 
 nan with 
 
 it srh<»i)l, 
 
 tci- M-'- 
 .ijiDii the 
 liiinand 
 his \W{. 
 
 .!irh 
 
 l> 
 
 I i'.y 
 
 I local 
 
 1)1' many 
 
 )aticm-c. 
 by thch' 
 c to tho 
 [A'Calhnn 
 
 l:o< 
 
 I U]) 
 
 ant with 
 
 at 
 th 
 
 to wc 
 
 l- 
 
 Itle hitor 
 
 I 
 
 )hiee iu 
 
 II the lat tcr jiail ol' Aiii^aist, ls(»l. r.lack- rt'tiinicil 
 
 t!i!"iiuli Xc's ll!Miii>\\icl< tVoni llic I'liiic'l Stale-- 
 
 II 
 
 o 
 
 liaii jilaci'il Ills ln^'^';!LiH> <tii lioanl a \'f--('l lioiiinl tVoiu 
 N('\N' N'i»rl\ to I)ormii(la. luit liail Imtii |ircvrntc(| l'ron\ 
 sjiiliiii;" li\' llu' li(»stilit\- ol' >c\i'i-al lli'i inH(liati>, who were' 
 
 rc'tiiniiii^- to llic i' 
 
 antes 
 
 M 
 
 inn, i'ehe\i'il from 
 
 (hii\' at Ilaliliix 1>\' Dhaek's return, sai 
 
 eO |(>!' 
 
 ihi'll 
 
 iiriie 
 
 ^\■he|■e he.-]n'nt t he ^\■int er. ( )n the Hll ot Se]iteni hef, 
 lS()|..lohn Mann hiid the t'oiiiuhilioii stone of the lii'st 
 ^leihodist elilli'ch efeeleil at Slielhiifiie. Xearlv two 
 liiiii'lieil |)ounils, ill aiil of the hiiildini;' fiiiiil. weix' eol- 
 leeted in LoiKhdi, I'ort>)n(»iith. Poi'tst-a, Slietliehl, Chi 
 ter ami othei" jilaee-- in l'aiii'lan( 
 
 ehi'S- 
 
 h\- 
 
 loiiias 3larliii. a 
 
 nd 
 
 AlexaiiihT Hai'i'v 
 
 hl-ot 
 
 lie!" oi 
 
 Koliel' 
 
 .[, 
 
 lines 
 
 M 
 
 iiin 
 
 |)i'eaelie(l the iirst sernion in the new ehiii'eh, to a !ar_i;" 
 
 o 
 
 ii; I «. nil 
 
 th 
 
 ofSai)halli, l''(dii 
 
 ')! n. 
 
 ii, I'tMiiaiai'v 
 
 ISO*;. In that hiiihlin-- tho Methodists of Shelhiii'iio 
 continued to worsliip (!od foi' more tlian (hi'eeseoreyears. 
 From St. Sto|)hen, MeColK soinelinies loiiel}' and dis- 
 coiiraii'ed, and ready lo (diai'ii;e his hivtliren with want, 
 of >yinj)ath\'. rcpofled sii^ns of a l»rii:;htiM' day. "In 
 June. l!^0-i,' he says in his journal, 'one came forwai-<l 
 g"ivin<;' tlianks to (lod foi' delivei'an<'e to liei' soul; three 
 moi-e followed her example and joined the ehurcdi. All 
 the following' summer was eneouran'inu' ; several found 
 peace and joined us.' ^[arsden, in aecordanee with ("on- 
 ferenee appointment, proceeded to St. John. Througdi 
 his etfoi-ts 'old ditTeronces in tho society wore composed, 
 Jind the contondini;" ])arties reconciled. Amoni!; tho 
 towns-people prejudices seemed to lose ,Ji;round.' Towards 
 the end of the yeai', ])lain dealinii; with the congro,i::ati()U 
 awakened some strife. throus;-h whi(di he })orsovci'ed in 
 the dischai'£;'e of his <luty. From Aima])olis, Bennett's 
 field of luhor, that minister reported many of his friends 
 
ill 
 
 :{!)(; 
 
 insTOii y or met no n ism 
 
 Mh\ 
 
 ' tnilv nlivn lo (Joil,' with "low mikI lianiMiiv I'limiiiii' 
 throiiirh tlu' wIioU'.' 
 
 ( 'dIcc us(> I (vit'iu'st ntVoi'ls to oldMiii the two mi^vloii- 
 arii's pi'oiuiscil tVotii l';'i:j;Iaii'l. Oiit^ oI'iIh-m", William 
 SiitcIiU'c. rcaclicil llalilax early in XoNciiilK'r. aii<l witli 
 his wife |»i'()ci'(Mh'il to Ijiv('i'|>o'»|. |{oln'i't Shijilcy. a 
 West Indian )iiis>ioii;iry. hrokfii dow ii in health hy fe- 
 ])('atc(l attaclcs of t'e\ei'at I )oniini('a. was aUo r('(|iU'st('»l 
 hy the Coininittei' to remove to Nova S'-olia. lie. Iiow- 
 e\'i'!' I'etiii'neil to I'ain'JaiHl. The Comniiltee were inclin- 
 ed to ti'cat this iien-jeet of ordei's in a spirit of st-verity. 
 Coke's loltei' in .Mi-. Shij)ley"s ln'lialf exjilains the rea- 
 son of tlie failure of the lattei* to report hiniselt in 
 Nova Seotia. ' IMeax^ idl tlu' Committee' tlie Doctor 
 wrote to ^^l•. Thomas, ' to Avrili* kindl\' to Mr. Shi[»ley 
 ■^ ^- Hrotlier Shipley lias done moi-e in the way ot' 
 Jiiartyrdoiu than ])erhai)s any other man in the < "on- 
 lu^xion would Iiavc (hjue. lie nursed that hiessed 
 work in Dominica till th(i Society sprauLi; up IVoni 
 iifty to one thousand and tive. To do this ho 
 on(hii'C(l yellow lever i'our timos, and his wife, twice. 
 AVhen he M'as on the ]ioint ol' dyin^-, his piiysicians 
 ur<j:;ed him tosetoit' instantly Avith tho fioot to his native 
 oountiy. Jlowent ott', instead of goini^'to Nova Scotia. 
 Very prohably you would have done tho same. Wo have 
 no ri<j;ht to punish him. Do lot him ,li;o to Nova Scoiia. 
 He may then n'o, when recovered, hack to the dear 
 negroes.' Mr. ShiploN'' never reached Nova Sc(>tia. 
 
 According to previous arrangement, Rlack, on his 
 failure to reach Bermuda, resumed the duties of Gen- 
 eral Superintendent in the Lower Provinces. He there- 
 fore ]n"esided over tho sessions of the Conference, held 
 at llorton, on the second Friday in June, 1S05. There, 
 tor the tirst time, William Sntclitte met his brethren 
 engaged in the provincial work. 
 
iiy I'limiliin; 
 
 '<> niisvloii- 
 •, William 
 ', niiij with 
 ■>liil>K'.\-. a 
 'a I 111 l.y j'l'- 
 ••(■(liicsli'd 
 
 JI«'. llMW- 
 
 'vvv iiicliii- 
 \' svvvv\\y. 
 
 S till' W'd- 
 
 liiiii-^clt ill 
 ho I)()c(()i' 
 1". Shipley 
 10 wav of 
 
 flu! Coll- 
 
 il hk'sscd 
 
 lip IVoiii 
 
 ' this lio 
 
 ifo, twice. 
 
 »hysiciaiis 
 
 his native 
 
 •va Scotia. 
 
 AVoliavo 
 
 v;i Scolia. 
 
 tlie dear 
 
 ia. 
 
 V, on Jiis 
 s of (rOll- 
 Uo thoro- 
 )iK*o, ]ield 
 . Thei'o, 
 brethren 
 
 ,, ' n » I II \ J. ^^y i^j _ 
 
 ;?'.tiK. c'lmMl- i!y '::;;;; ''"7:"' - ^t. .,,.,! '^r,. '■"•;;;""'! "f 
 
 iViMcc K,|«;,r(l r |.M. , '■'""'".iti...! nC , ^, ", *''l"'"'nir 
 
 ^:'-"i. m:,;:,,„: """;:;;"^ ii''-^-"- i'.'! 1 ; •.,. :'rr"^; 
 
 C'nuvl, V, . """^^^'"'I^ <"..iin<.i| to Tn. "^'•!"'^'-'- Hvinsal 
 ^iv.l at lla itW V '■■"" ^ '••'.^'-•om.Ih.. J)an. n ^ •^"l'^''-"',naa- 
 
 "^*^>urao-i,io. i,„i 
 
 '■■^^'/ak'd i(i, 
 
 ''alioiis eh 
 
 ('-.III 
 
 ^•'■*'nce of iso; 
 
 lorant.s dm-ino. n 
 
 ^'^'ivd th,. I 
 
 '^■ai-(.s of the 
 
 ■^"••lofy wc'i 
 
 A( I. 
 
 '^' -V^'--''' ^vhi.h lollowrd 
 
 
 ''^'"" llllml,^^^,.^ ^v/ 
 
 ^' '"•^I'lritfd, and al 
 
 '^^''•I">"', "le mcmbc 
 
 il 
 
 10 
 
 () 
 
 .y^'''ii'.s lat 
 
 <nn, will, ail ex 
 
 """It thil-fy- 
 
 wor 
 
 '••s of tho 
 added 
 
 or, !'( 
 
 ic 
 
 on I 
 
 •'•■> i'oturn fi'o? 
 
 ■J">i'!ed as lait/iful (,, tj 
 
 ^'yi'"'>"<)i-two, Sutelin 
 
 to 
 
 ';yi""''od (hat Mho Lord 
 
 " 'I visit (r) (/ 
 
 '^•"' I'fo/essior, 
 
 dill 
 
 01 
 
 ^''i< scttlomont;.' 
 
 wa 
 
 >^ c 
 
 '^' •^ontJiem cousl' 
 
 '^I|'unietwonty-cii.ht 
 
 and that 
 
 SI 
 
 i''i'iii- two 
 
 inontJ 
 
 <|KM-ity of St. Jol 
 
 ■^■"'^'"ily at M-o,-J, 
 ■"'"»o had tbiuHj 
 
 ■1'^'"^ ''y .SuteJit! 
 
 in til 
 
 is s 
 
 
 
 peace 
 
 7<;'-o added to th^ cd 
 
 ^■iver, 'the con 
 
 1", an<I il, (j,^ ^^.(jj 
 
 b at 
 lUfch. In 
 
 ^^ments alono- th( 
 
 S.'c«-a,i„„,, i„e,.oa...a botl. in „; ';;::: 
 
 'fi and 
 
30,^ HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ill ivs])cct:il)ility/ Several \vli" IkkI liooii ;i\v:ik«'ii(vl 
 Idiiinl the poai'l ol'^iM'cat jM'ice. ' ( )iii' cDvcniiiil meeliiiir, 
 lu'M ill Si. Jdliii at i lie liei^-iiuiliii;- ol' Isoi;,' \vi .te Mai'MltMi, 
 'was llio iiiosl powci'l'iil i Iia<l ever alleinleil. So 
 .i;'i'e:ti WHS the ll<»ly (>iie in the midt of lis, thai an v\\\n- 
 tion of solemn awe. inixe<l wiih astonishiiuMil an;i -elf- 
 ahasinu' humility, was eviiienlly lelt hy many hearts. 
 This wa> sueeee;hMl hy sue]) a i;'eneral melliiii;'. w;;ilinu'. 
 siiiij)liealion and jjalhos, as I'eiiilered every lieart !il<e 
 (h's:M)!vini^' .•-now het'ort' the i;'hirioi!s >.un." I'lie iaci; ot' 
 siieli inlhienees at JIalitax h'(i to tlie ai)i)()intnienl ofa 
 day lor speeitil fasiiiii;- ami ))rayer hy the inonihei'diij> in 
 that town. 
 
 The ministers in the Lower I'l'ovinces met at Ilo/ion, 
 early in June, ls()(i. Diinean Me('oil. who had not heen 
 present at the annual ^'alheriii^s of his hrethreii sineo 
 ITl'T. reeeived a truly I'raternal weleome. il^- rej»iMied 
 Jii> lahors at Si. Sle[)hen. and in some other [)arts of his 
 eireuil, during;" the ycai', to have heen |)!'oduetive of -'ood; 
 ImU >lated that the arrivad al St. David's of a jtreaeher 
 ^vho ' hlew Uj» the eoals of the old Xewliu'ht hu>iiiess,' 
 and then aeled in a vciy immoral manner, had i;'i\en a 
 >sad Idow to reli^-ion and morals at that jilaee. IJen.ielt, 
 the Seeretarv, reported an inerease of alioiit fori\- niein- 
 liers. The usual hiisiness Avas eondiietod in harmony, 
 and the reliu'ioiis serviees eonneeted with the Coiifeieiieo 
 were of a j)leasini;- eluiraeter. in oxjiectalion of the 
 arrival of other miiii.stcrs i'rom l^ng-land, a local preachei' 
 naiiKMl lla_\'s was jilaeed in ehar;;e of tlic lL)rloii eiieiiit 
 Ibr six mouths, or loni^'cr, it neeessaiy. 
 
 In the life ofa i;-iri of seveutoon, who listoncd t<. the 
 scrmoriH preached by William Black and Jaiiios 3Iann, 
 at the Conference of 180(), the intlueiiee of the reliuious 
 wei'vieois connected with that gathering nitiy be clearly 
 
jtwaki'iuv) 
 
 nu'i'I iiiii', 
 
 .'.M;;i>. it'll, 
 
 III Km I. So 
 
 il ail v\]]i)' 
 
 ;MI:i -el!"- 
 
 \y lu'ai'ls. 
 ■. \v;;Iliiin", 
 lu'arl 'il<o 
 K' lac!; of 
 nuMil nf a 
 i>or.-;liiji in 
 
 il II('.'l<)ii, 
 
 I not I'l'OU 
 
 i\'i\ since 
 
 rcjHMicd 
 
 ii'ls of his 
 
 ,' oi' i;'i M »(1 j 
 
 j)rcachcr 
 
 bu^iii'oss,' 
 A l;';\cii a 
 
 In' illicit, 
 
 I'ly iiicin- 
 'ia:'!iinii\-. 
 
 oiilc: (.'iico 
 
 II of the 
 
 ]>rcaclici' 
 
 )ii cii'cuit 
 
 10(1 to llio 
 
 js 3Ianii, 
 
 I'cliu'ioii.s 
 
 <c clearly 
 
 t 
 
 ,s 
 
 ;;;:::;;:;i:'".^;7-^'--":-i::\:::r.::ri^^^^ 
 
 ''""<• 11 uiu- \i^ (ill"- II, ,1. 1 , , • '" i'»"iii,-. 
 
 ''■ ■-"-■'' •'i-.Hn-s,. ,,.:',^^,:':' '■'■'■;■';''■•■ ''-I. ^i-iiM..,,,,, 
 
 '^■'■'•■--■'''^■v...o,,,a ;;,.'''''>■'■'•■■•■''•• ^.■,..- 
 
 ,^'^-"""'.«- ••" i"^-..r..-,r,.; ,,,;:,.'';■'■■■''■'-■■■''■ «!,;;,.,,,,, 
 
 "'■•■"•""•'-.iX'hn. ;, ^■^■'"--1.1- "I".., , I,, ,„„„.,. 
 '-"■ ny „■,■,■.„,,,.,;,:""' "-y— 'T„ ,1..,,;:.,, 
 
 '.1 i™^ .■Kliiol ll,^ ,,„,,. , ,. '■' "•'■ 'I'ivrl 
 
 ■''•"^'^ '■'■"'< ■:<n.l ,1,0 ..,, , '"■■■'"^■'■^■^■■''— T,!,,, 
 
 -'■'"''''''■'■'--.M,,-,,,,,. '•'''■''■-''1"™-. r„,H 
 
 "(Ilios,. „„„; , . '""-' "■"".•.,l,-;,i ,„„| .,,.:,, 
 
 (■I'Nlili'y 
 
 '""lives u-|ii,-| 
 '|-| 
 
 al 
 
 ('(I 
 
 ''"''-'.VMli iiiiiiisi 
 '•'I'iliK |il-«i,-i„.,| i„ 11,^, , 
 
 lloii-l, 
 
 "'^ ^■' •"^■'1 'f'n.iaccori 
 
 
 a 
 
 10 
 
 ^^•''^''v. laid ihcfounil 
 ciiviijis il, \,,v;,,S 
 
 I'UIK 
 
 '^''■"•'''vily.an.I 
 
 """I Ol oil,. ,,f,| 
 
 ' ";■''■ I'-'roiits and d 
 
 .so- 
 
 co 
 
 *=^''0- t*' aj)j,oii,i a lead 
 
 1. Ill 1 
 or ill tl 
 
 H' most 
 
 s;!-> 
 
 
 pi'ospej'ous 
 ^'110 uoces- 
 
 't'v. AV 
 
 ni. 
 
40(> 
 
 inSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 i-^- 
 
 
 Wi'' 
 
 J)l;i('Ic. \v1h)so iiiovasini;- intinnitios ivikUmviI even tlic 
 cai'c ol'u class a too !icav\' task, slie, who, wlion a ^■l)ll!!^• 
 i;'irl. had first heai'il the .Methodist doeti'iiies fVoin his 
 lips, was solicited to hecoine his siicccssoi". With some 
 liesiiatioii she accepted tlie ])o>itioii. At'lei'a lite of tiiith 
 ami uset'iilness, in which, as in all lives, joys 
 and sorrows wei'c iaini;"Ie I. she ])a>sed hence in 
 XoN'enduM', 1S5H. To CliiMst alone s.ie L,-avei the 
 ('■|oi'\- ol'ii-raee; to tliiit hi'anch of the ('lim-(di thi-or.u-h tlie 
 au'cncN' of which she Inid heen led ( "hrisl wa.i'd. she pi-e- 
 ise'.'ved an undvinu' at taclmuMit. IFer hon-<e 'was foi" man}* 
 ^■eal■s a honu^ foi- its minister^. \\'hen visiting', or ])assin<;- 
 Ihrouu'h the city. an<l three of lier children hecaine par- 
 takers of the ti'ials and triumphs of the itinei-ant's life. - 
 
 The name ot' Stephen liamford lirst ap[)ears in the 
 Knii'li.di Minutes of IStli), hut it was at the Provincial 
 Conl'ei'enee ol ISOIJthat his hrethren sent him torth to 
 he<;'in his loni;' and useful ministerial cai'eer. The pres- 
 ence of the 2lUh reL!,'inient tor four )ears in Halifax had 
 enaliled the ]\[oth()dists of that town to form a satisfac- 
 tory e>timrite of the man who so freijuently stood hefoi-e 
 tiiem in militar}' garb, deelariu!;" the counsel of (lod. 
 Thev discerned his W(:)rth, and desired his em[)loyment 
 as a (lospel laborer, in a. more extensive s|)hcre. J)lack, 
 by tlieir i'e([uest, submitted ;i ])ro])osal to secure his dis- 
 chari;'e. to Dr. Coke and the ^lissionary Committee. The 
 Comniiltee, who had been disappointed by the results of 
 Mome [)rcvioiis ventures of the kind, advised Black to 
 abandon the intention, in ease no pivliminar}' steps 
 towards discliai\L>'o had been taken. ira]>[)ily, the oltieials 
 oflhe church in Halifax availed themselves of tlieir o])]-»oj'- 
 tunity of independent action, and secured for the Metho- 
 
 ' Biogriiphical Sketch of Mrs. Starr, by lior son-in-law, tlic 
 Rev. C. Stewart. 
 
 I 
 
 111 ; ilji ' 'I 
 
 i; #i!^ 
 
<I'*t •^'""•cl. i„(I„.L.nv,.,•P,.n,• 
 ;'"''™"-'' '" ""- Miss,-,,,,, ' '"'"■^""'"■•"T.i.vs.s. ,„ 
 
 "■""■'"«' '" i"i«. ,i„„„;,„ , ;"'" "'■ '^"'e; .,Hi 
 ^;■-'-«'■.■^^^.■^.,,x,so,v ^:;::^'^^■'''■•■M-^- 
 
 1 
 
 lie ■ li 
 
 I'oKc oirjii 
 
 s s 
 
 t! 
 
 '"• ofiio;- Ih)(,|,- 
 
 ills / 
 
 live y 
 
 Q'dvi 
 
 '<^' iiieujis or 
 
 *.^'''<'l>01li.'j|) 
 
 (I 
 
 (•(' 
 
 tl 
 
 winner 
 
 A/ tl 
 
 c^i'-U'c, AJi-.D;, 
 
 •I' I (iusS 
 '<i'';ic!(,,.^ and 
 
 '"''•'.^- Av/,,V], 
 
 '^- OXpi|'..,( 
 
 -^'"»''^'">ai„(.daMu.„l 
 
 '■'■'I'llU'cvs 
 
 ^if (ended 
 
 " <>l (/,..,( 
 
 111,!'- to a ,ser 
 
 mon ^^- ./ 
 
 '"^'iielt thei 
 
 ^'^ ^J'^ ^ield and re( 
 
 ^''";"0'/ tii-st tell |,v I 
 ""^^'^ Knowlan, led ] 
 
 ]HM'iod 
 
 condiL'art- 
 •'I ' 111 
 
 0|'i> 
 
 '" Wiiile li,s( 
 
 cn- 
 
 pnnco prevailed, p 
 
 " ]»''0'^'i', ho had 
 
 "'^' '<>•") adjacent 
 
 '""o leave Ids 
 
 eacc Avas 
 
 '"^^^'^;^' ''-'^^^^ ^'od, and li^ 
 '••^ c-learl^v- ^ynA 
 
 <e a 
 
 on a.", \[- tlie 
 
HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Ml 
 
 words had reached his soul througli the natural ear. 
 That spot was seldom passed in sub.sc(picnt days without 
 recollection of the 'pledge of love' there bestowed. In 
 later life, Mr. Dixon leased his farm, and devoted much 
 of his time to assisting the ministry in holding ' pro- 
 tracted meetings,' in different localities in Nova Scotia 
 and New Brunswick; and in visiting neglected places, 
 where he held services and visited from house to house. 
 In old age, when expecting each day to be his last on 
 earth, he wrote, 'Jesus is near and precious. lam look- 
 ing forward with joyful anticipation to the day when 
 Christ who is my life shall appear.' 
 
 Soon after the separation of the ministers at the close 
 of the Conference of 180G, signs of gracious visitation ap- 
 peared in several circuits. "When the autumn had 
 passed, and the preachers had returned from the exchan- 
 ges which were generally arranged for that season, be- 
 tween the senior and junior ministers, earnest eflbrts 
 were put forth, which the Lord the Spirit accompanied 
 with a rich out-pouring of hallowed influences. 
 
 The Liverpool circuit was one of the first to which 
 this blessing was vouchsafed. There, it pleased God to 
 use the 'weak things of the world to confound the 
 mighty.' The revival in that circuit is said to have 
 commenced at Pleasant Eiver, thirty miles from Liver- 
 pool, A few families had removed thither for the pur])ose 
 of farming. No preacher had visited them, and they had 
 spent their Sabbaths in each others' houses, and in con- 
 versation about their secular business. One of the elder 
 settlers, a man who had been converted under the minis- 
 try of Henry AUine, proposed one day to his neighbors 
 that a meeting should bo held on the following Sabbath. 
 The neighbors, who only saw impossibilities, replied by 
 the incredulous question, *Who will hold it? we have 
 
7%-. hvmn. ,,,,/; oi i i:;Tr''T;';';'''""'''' '-» -••" 
 
 ; a' «iM .how to o,u. do/,':,'":'""' "'•••'^■' «"" 
 H.. SaU,a,h, «„d want to oo , ' V™ ' ^™'' '•^•^''•■'■•" 
 the /ollo«-fn.,SaM„,ll, the- m,i '""""""'"'""l^' On 
 
 <J<:-.-.-ik. the .scene. ■ ^^Z .V™' "'"'■'' ''""""-' 
 ^^'my eo,„panion,s Cull of . 1 „ S", ™^;^:'''"»' "''"■ -n.c 
 
 ''"J c.ve,,-thing quiet a, J '"?!"n ""^- ""'' '■'-". 
 f"h, an,J a Bihic and hymn Lj-I-, '^^ "■'"' ''^ ^^-''i'" 
 ""^ «•«". I took my .seat n "■ ^"" "' "»«' "S-'i^-'t 
 
 »" <'- BiWe a solemnity cLT' ""f "' '"^■'^^'' ^-'«' 
 ;f' -cgt-ave, and the lo .^ Ua ui"' ' """"^^'^'-''-'r 
 tho «x.Vht of my sins • a 'l t^ ''' "'" ">"'"•'«'• ^ 'Wt 
 oame out to view a » l" , ''''l"'"^-"y of my heart 
 
 '-'.•eve the revi "^ , „ .^ ,r™'V'°'" ''«f'"- An I 
 -tlookin^at thoBiWr U "h '''''"' "''''« ^« ''" 
 '"? Sabhath, in the house of a "o-",'?'' "^ "'^ '""»«•- 
 '•oa-Jy to •c-.tifyof ,,,i,it,7y" "•^'«'>K several we.-e 
 tl-e wec-k. A few we ks 1 1 t *'". ''"''"^''^ ""-""Sh 
 "•«»t to Liverpool, anTt^ok .^V'r ''' "'" "«*^ «»'»-«rt» 
 "ff'-)c^ by the imenrstir ''■''" °'''''^''r'l'"'-'""i'y 
 afte™,«„ .-etxioe., o I tr'""' """"»™'-"S and 
 Con.r«fatio„al church of L ! ^™-''ippor.s iu „,, 
 -«i .heir friends in the .^l.^:""";: "'' "'^-'-^ 
 »"te,„c.,„/ ,ays one, 'and thT's, ■ '"™ ''"' «''™' 
 «l"-e*i as fire in d,-y siubhlc,, 7w .^'"^ aPPcared t« 
 lion was in a fla„, ^,„ ,"'"'■ """' "'« whole congre-n 
 
 » S-t fire wa.s k.'n.l'l n^'tlTcr^ ""' f ""'-^ ^-' 
 |"ff to the town of Livernoo ,. P'' "'"' '""^ ■''I«-«a(l- 
 'nterpretation of hisd.^'m 1' rr'" ' *''"' ''" "'"' «>« 
 
404 
 
 irr STORY OF MET HOT) ISM 
 
 (){' the yoiini,' converts Icnilcl to incrcnso tlio intoivst 
 awalceiie'l l»y iht^'w public statements. Tiie iiiiiiisler and 
 nienil)er< of the ^felliodist society, |>i'e])a!'eil l»y s])e('ial 
 j)"ayei" to ente." Ii''ai1ily into Clii-i-lian lahoi', yel no! 
 (li<])o-("' to ;!ft witi) li:!-;te, wei'e <(>on stiiniiltUe!] 'o ac- 
 tive efiorl liv the anxiou- inquifies of several s'oiini;' |).'M)J)U= 
 of (heii- conii;roi^ation. On tlie return of Siitclitte from 
 Plea-^ant liiver, wiiei'e lie ha<l s'oeni a week \\\\\\ !i;rea.1 
 satisfaction, he ilirew hinHeli' earnestly intr» tlie woi'lc. 
 'The week foilowinn,-,' he wi-otc, ' wa^ a Li'lorioiis week 
 indeed. Tempoi'al iiii-;ine-s ^vas in ;i ^-rear nieasu;-e laid 
 a-ide; and the r^ti'eets ecdioed with (he pi'aises oi' soin(> 
 that lead found peace. a)id the ci'ies of o( hers for pai'don- 
 iiiL;" iiiercy. Sonic liouses wei" full of peo])le, chief!}' 
 yoiinir. fiTtin nioi-ning to evening ; sonic on their knees 
 jirayiiiLT for sevci-al hoars together, otliers praising God 
 ior delivci'ance. a.:nl endcfn'oi'ing to encourage the dis- 
 tross''d. \V(-- i)Cgan the meetings Avjien candles wci'c 
 lighted in the ovenuig. and were constrained to continue 
 them until two or three in the niorin'ng. TIuMvork con- 
 tinued near!}' tlitis fo:- severad Aveeks, and p:irt:es came 
 from different ]»art- of the country to see for themselves, 
 and. hiessed l»c God. returned home with Christ in 
 t'.iei:- liearts '-'the Ik^jjo ot glory." This lias hcen 
 the cau>e of n glorious woi'k beginning in the country 
 ])art-^ of tlie circuit, which J have visited twice, and 
 A\diere f have jmd some Ide-ised seasons, such as oxccodod 
 anything of the icin-l I ever saw in England, making 
 allowaii'-e for the smaller nund)e]' and the cir(mm<taiices 
 and sitn.ation of the ])eople. The woi-k is still spreading 
 in I'ort r^foulon. Port Joli. Port Kebert. and ,Sal)le 
 iiiver.' A large numliei- at (lie same ]ieriod connected 
 tliemselves with the Congregational church at Liver}»ool. 
 At Port Jo'i, during the followdng summer, Black 
 
ly THE LOWER PJi'0].l^rES. -105 
 
 ntorest 
 
 yd not 
 ] to ;u'- 
 
 ^ U{'()J)U' 
 
 ;Vo tVoin 
 ii i-rcnt 
 10 work', 
 us week' 
 sure \:\h\ 
 oi' some 
 
 I. i>;i!''loll- 
 
 .>, chiefly 
 
 oir k!K'0< 
 
 ising tiod 
 lio dis- 
 
 ,K-s wore 
 
 , fontlniio 
 vork con- 
 canic 
 rinsclvo-', 
 nirist ill 
 
 i;is 1)0011 
 
 ; country 
 
 vice, iui<i 
 excooded 
 
 miikiiiu" 
 in-t;iiu'OS 
 
 prctidin,^' 
 nd S:d>lo 
 •onnectod 
 /.vorjiook 
 ,., Black 
 
 luhninistored the Lord's Suj>j)cr to .'-ixty (■oiiiiiuiiiicant--. 
 
 (\>ncoi'iiiiig this icvival, Josliua Xcwtoii, l']s(^., whc-iu 
 
 Hiitclifle calls 'agootl assislaiit, in particular," wi-oto lilac k', 
 
 in 
 
 M 
 
 ircii, 
 
 1807 
 
 Tl 
 
 lerc ai'o no opj-o.-crs, 
 
 hut 
 
 struck with the wonderful powoi' (»i'(lod. 
 )ld 
 
 I >ccia 
 * "■' Our 
 
 (;ld pj'olbssoi's liave ;dl i;'ot a iVcsh sprini;-, and sccin to 
 have awaked as (>ut ol' slocj), and enjoy a new seii-e of 
 the favor ol (Jod to theii- souls, an<l are hreathiiii;' Inv the 
 sanctilying iidluencos of the Spii'it. '•' '•' '^^ Xever 
 \vas such a week' spent in Jiiver])ool as the last. There 
 is scarce a familv t hroui!-h(,)ut the settlement, hut has 
 some of its memhers convinced or converted, and some 
 whole families are suhjects of the Avoi'k. Some of the 
 most jM'ufligatc and hardened sinnei's have heen hi'ought 
 t(; i'ej)entance, and now ex])erience the ])ardoning love of 
 (Jod, and sjjcalv his prai>es in a most aifecting and satis- 
 factory manner. So that it is almost impossihle to gain- 
 say or i-csist.' ^ Among the * i)r(.)fligate and Iiardened ' 
 were some Universalists and iniidels, who 'renounced 
 thoii" pernicious tenets, hurned their hooks, and with joy 
 took their places among the disciples of Jesus.' 
 
 No less cheering were the tidings from Maj-silen, at 
 St. J(din. That minister, on his arrival from Halifax in 
 the autumn of ISOlJ, found himself pastor of a church of 
 ninety memhers, while his congregations comprised 
 three times that numhcr of jtersons. l)ee})ly pained hy 
 the small degree of })ros])erity attending the nussion in 
 New Brunswick, ho asked several of his friends in St., 
 John to unite with him in the ohservance of a day Idr 
 s])ecial fasting and prayer. While assend)led in the 
 church, they received a token of ai)j)roval. During 
 3Iarselen's ahsence at Sheltield and the neighhoi'ing 
 appointments the revival commenced. A watch-night 
 
 3 ' Methodist Magazine,' 1807, p. 478. 
 
'4 
 1''' 
 
 : 
 
 
 , ; 
 
 ¥ 
 
 
 kI' 
 
 |:li:i 
 
 <ii;i 
 
 40o 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 service, coiiducted hy a local iii-cacher and several lead- 
 ers, wan a season of deep interest. Marsden had intended 
 to spend a month in the np-vivor district, but inflm iced 
 in part by some inward impression, and in piut b}' the 
 prospect of an early end of the navigation, he returned 
 to the city sooner than was expected. His friends greet- 
 ed him with encouraging tidings. lie found the mem- 
 bers of the church under the influence of a spirit of 
 prayer, and nearly twenty young persons, chiefly chil- 
 dren of the members, under a conviction, more or less 
 clear, of their need of salvation. The complaints pre- 
 ferred by some of his hearers led him to watch the state of 
 the work very nari-owly. Some ' buddings of enthusiasm ' 
 appeared ; but these, with as much pi-udenco as possible, 
 ho endeavored to check. Towards the last of February 
 the revival increased in power. The little church was 
 crowded, and the services were peculiarly solemn. ' Some,' 
 said Marsden, 'who have come with the j^rofessed design 
 of ridiculing the work of God, have been stj'uck down, 
 and constrained to cry for mercy and salvation, in the 
 most heart-rending manner. A few have been set at 
 liberty under the word, but the work has been chiefly 
 carried on in prayer-meetings, to which numbers resort, 
 who will not go away till a late hour. Not a day passes 
 but I hear of three or four who are struck to the heart, 
 and scarcely is there a meeting but some join the society. 
 * * * Mu' h ojiposition has been made to this work. 
 Calumny and blasphemy, scripture and ridicule, pro- 
 mises and menaces have all been employed, but without 
 success. * * * Many of the young men who arc 
 subjects of this work were once both loose in their prin- 
 ciples, and irregular in their practices. But now they 
 are new creatures ; and one can scarcely go through a 
 .street of this little city without hearing the voice of 
 
IN THE LOWER PHOVINClJ. 
 
 407 
 
 praise, or sccini,^ tlie j'oiing men asscmMitig toij^othci' for 
 prayer. * * * Some wonder, some mock, some 
 acknowledge tlic power of'God, and several, not in society^ 
 defend the cause to the utmost of their power. * * * 
 But, as yet, none of the "rulers" have "believed on 
 him.'"* Before the close of the special services, one 
 hundred persons wore received into Church membership. 
 
 These reviving influences were shared by several 
 other circuits in a greater or less degree. From Halifax, 
 a friend wrote Marsden, * We have great and glorious 
 times. Twenty or thirty profess faith in the blood of 
 Christ.' From the Annapolis circuit, Bennett reported 
 blessed meetings, accompanied by conversions, and 
 ' prospects of revival through almost all the circuit.' At 
 AVallace, a distant part of Bamford's circuit, but seldom 
 visited on account of its isolated position, thirty or forty 
 were added to the society. Similar tidings reached his 
 brethren from James Mann, at Barrington. On the 30th 
 of March, 1807, ho wrote : 'The Lord is carrying on a 
 blessed work at this place. A good number are awakened, 
 and several have found peace Vvith God. We had a 
 blessed time yesterday, both at the ordinance of baptism, 
 Jind also at the sacred supper of the Lord. I baptized nine 
 adults ; several others are about joining us.' Late in the 
 following summer. Black reported fourteen new members 
 at Barrington. Among those were Seth CotHn and his 
 wife, a ' worthy couple,' who, through a subsequent life 
 of many years, proved the real it}' of the change then 
 professed, and after having trained up a family who ' were 
 a source of satisfaction and comfort to them in their old 
 age,' departed to the Church above. 
 
 During the autumn of 1806, two gentlemen from 
 Scotland, holding Sandemanian tenets, made an attack 
 
 -'Marsden's ' Narrative,' pp. 215-^17.. 
 
11 
 
 t 
 
 ill 
 
 ,1 N 
 
 '-:i. 
 
 408 
 
 Jf I STORY OF MET HOD ISM 
 
 fVoni the ]mlj>il upon llio >r(>tliO(lisls in IlalKhx, jiiuL 
 f'ol' \vo(l tho Jiltiick by the cifciihitioii of Walker's silly 
 'Addi'ess to (he Methodists.' On iheii' way t() Xew 
 York', in the spi'ing of 1807, contruiy winds ohjin'cd Iho 
 vessel in which they luid sailed to visit the harhor of 
 Liverpool. While thei'e, they ]»i'ea''hod sevei-al times for 
 th ^ pastor of the Oon«^reij::ational chureh. On their 
 arrival at New Yoi'k, one of them addressed a letter to 
 ■Jie editor of the ' I'A'an,<;*elieal Ma^'azine,' callini;' in 
 (juestion the realitj' of the recent revival at Liver[»ool. 
 The editors of the ' Christian Observer/ another hjii;-lish 
 periodical, liad two or three yeai's earlier taken advan- 
 tai;'e of the ])ublieatio]i of a jianiphUit hostile to ]\Ietho- 
 disin, from the \ni\\ of u clergyman of the Episeo]»al 
 Church in ireland, to make a severe attack upon (iraham 
 and Ousoloy, the devoted Irish ^[ethodist missionaries. 
 Encouraged l)y the tone of Balfour's letter, they now, in 
 a review of the reports of the i-evivals in Xova Scotia, as 
 presented in the pages of the English ' 3[cthodist Maga- 
 zine,' took the o]>portunit3' of setting forth their views 
 upon the sul)ject (;f I'evivals of religion, in a most 
 unfriendly spirit. The attack was boldly met by Josejjh 
 Benson, the editor of the ' Metliodist Magazine,' supported 
 b}" communications from Black ; and v/as doubtless over- 
 ruled for the confirmation of the Gospel. The assertion 
 that none erred in their estimate of conversion, and in 
 that state of error were swept into tho chui'ches by the 
 surrounding current ; or that none, through the constant 
 presence of temptation, and the frequent abse.ice of those 
 helps, upon which, in forgetfulness of divine power, men 
 often lean too heavily, proved unfaithful to their 
 profession, would be rash, in view of oft-repeated facts. 
 Exceptions, however, do not sot aside the general rule. 
 The lapse of time proved tho reality of the work; for 
 
7xY THE LOW En mOVI^sCES. 40!) 
 
 X, jiihI 
 's silly 
 
 ■od llu- 
 I'hor of 
 mcM for 
 )\\ their 
 ettor lo 
 IliuLi; in 
 vcr[>0()l. 
 En,!j;lish 
 1 ndvuiv 
 I 'Motho- 
 lj)isc'Opal 
 Griiham 
 iontiries, 
 now, in 
 cot ill, as 
 |st Magn- 
 ir views 
 ji most 
 Joseph 
 [ipportcd 
 less ovor- 
 iisscrtion 
 and in 
 by the 
 [constant 
 of those 
 [ver, men 
 ,0 their 
 id fticts. 
 ■al rule, 
 i-k; for 
 
 ilui'ing suhsequeiit yeai's a long succession of individuals 
 ]»assod away, who, when the year lF<li»-7 was in(MUii)ii(>i| 
 as a time of enthusiasm, could reply wilii (Mic, who a lew 
 yeai's since died in hope of etei'iial life, ' It was then that 
 my soul received Christ Jesus the Jjoid.^ 
 
 The church in St. John, puicdiascd durini;' IJishop's 
 ministry there, was now old ;ind iincomrorlahU', as well 
 as too small for the accommodation of all who wished lo 
 attend the services held in it. M.'ii'>den, therefore, ivsol- 
 ved to atteni])! the erection of a more suitable buildiui;". 
 
 Tl 
 
 le mem 
 
 hei'sl 
 
 nij HI 
 
 the 
 
 cily were <;-enei'a 
 
 iiy 
 
 loor, >o 
 
 that 
 
 those whom he iirst consulted could j^'ive him litth.MMi- 
 courau'cmoid. A stroni*' conviction of the ncces.sii v for 
 u new place of worship, and an uid'alterini; trust in 
 the pronuses of God, alone sustained liim in I he attemi)t 
 which resulted in the erection of the (lerinain Sireet 
 Methodist Church. Throu_i;-h the assistance of several 
 friends, the most ])rominent of whom was John Fergaison, 
 Esq., one of the earliest converts in that city, a piece of 
 land was purchased, and the frame for a buildiiii;-, sixty 
 feet in length and forty-two in breadth, soon j)rocured. 
 Volunteers from the congregation digged the foundation; 
 and on an appointed day, a number of the inhahitaids 
 sent tboir horses and carts to carry stone, while others 
 assisted in the lemoval of the frame from the shore. 
 After Marsden had preached upon the corner stone, more 
 than one hundred men came forward to assist in raising 
 the frame. Even then, the success of the underlaking 
 was by no means certain. The size of the intended 
 building, on the one hand; and on the other, the finan- 
 cial weakness of the memhership, and the strength of 
 the tide of prejudice to bo stemmed, caused the attemj)t 
 to appear hazardous for some time to the interests of 
 
 '' The late Miss Charlotte A. Newton, of Guysboro. 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 I 
 
 IW 
 
 those who aHsmncMl tho resjioiisihility. So chimerical 
 did 1 lie project seem to some parties, amoii^ wlioni wero 
 a few meml»ers of the society, who liad pi'edicted evil 
 tliiiiL;'s, tiiat 'these,' Mr. Fci\i;uson tells us, 'an they pas- 
 sed tho biiildiiijLj, woidd look up and si.eeriii^'iy say, 
 "That will never be finished." ' Marsden put forth all 
 Ihh energies in the endeavor to encourage his friends, 
 and disa])point the proi)hets of failure. For several 
 months he worked at tho building with his own hands 
 from morning till night, ' I know not,' ho afterward.s 
 HJiid, ' that I was ever lx)ttcr in body or hai)pier in soul 
 than wdicn I worked all day at the new, and preached 
 at night in the old, ' chapel.' He also spent two months 
 in visiting other circuits, and soliciting pecuidary assis- 
 tance. IIo did not, however, remain to see tho com})le- 
 tion of the building. In May, 180G, Dr. Coke had re- 
 quested Black to renew his attempt to reach Bermuda, 
 but Black's brethren in the Lower Provinces interposed 
 with a remonstrance, which the Doctor did not attempt 
 to overrule. Frustrated in his choice of an agent, but 
 determined not to abandon his purpose. Coke took ad- 
 vantage of an intimation which Mai'sdon, in a moment 
 of heroic fooling had given, secured his appointment to 
 Bermuda, and, in his usual laconic style, made known to 
 him the avrnngemcnt and urged him to ' set off as soon 
 as possil)ie.' These marching-orders tried him, though 
 he had ])i c lously proposed an early recal in consequence 
 of the effect of climate and exposure upon his health. 
 The now church was in course of erection, and his heart 
 was cheered by the stability of the recent converts, ' By 
 the blessing of God,' he was able to write^ in spite of his 
 absence from his circuit, ' most of those who were 
 awakened last winter stand fsist as a rock, and walk 
 humbly and closely with God,' In sadness of heart, pro- 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINrES. 411 
 
 his 
 
 lilk 
 Irc- 
 
 pm-ations ^vol•o at once made for removal, which diil not, 
 liowevoi', lhoui:;h lack of opportunity of jjassa^v, take 
 place until the (ollowinii; sprin<^'. Marsden's phice at St. 
 John was HUi»j>licd l>y Hcnneft, who conducted the open- 
 ing services of the new church, on Christmas, 1S()8. At 
 six o'clock in the morning; a prayer-meeting was lu'lil, 
 and during the day two sermons were preached hy 
 Beiuiett to crowded coMgi'egations. During the succeed- 
 ing summci' a Sahhath school was organized in the old 
 church by (leorge Ta^dor, a school master and local 
 preael^ei-. The school was fashioned aftei- the mode' of 
 that da}'. With a more pi-actical recognition of he 
 close connection between the (fospel and education tli.in 
 would be prudent in view of the educational advantages 
 of the present day, the princi[)al part of the time allotted 
 for the two scssiojis of each iSabbath was spent in the 
 teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic. The 
 teachers assisted the superintendent by correcting the 
 calculations, and inspecting the writing of the scholars. 
 Ten minutes before the close of each session were f^pent 
 by the superintendent or a teacher, in enforcing some 
 moral or religious truth, and tlien the boys — for boys 
 only were permitted to attend — were mandied to the 
 new church in time for pul)lic worship. This church, a 
 monument of Marsden's untirinu: and successful labors in 
 St. John, stood for thi'ce score and ten years ; and then 
 the veneraJ)le building, the spiritual bii*th-place of many 
 hundreds of ransomed worshippers, fell before the resist- 
 less flames which swept away ii hirge part of the city, on 
 the 20th of June, 1877. 
 
 In July, 1807, a minister, sent out through the influence 
 of Dr. Clarke, reached Prince Edward Island. Before his 
 arrival, earnest, and even heroic, etlbrts for the promo- 
 tion of the work of God, had been put forth by valuable 
 
412 
 
 HISTORY OF 2IETJWJ)ISJT 
 
 V 'i 
 
 m ' M P^ 
 
 
 local lahorcis. The stcjis (akcii liy (be ' -^ingulai'ly 
 devoted' Benjamiii Chii};[)ell lor iho ijciieiit ol'uis li'llow- 
 islaiidefs luive i>oeri iiolieei. Tiio iiaiiie ol' Thomas 
 Dawson, (ho rii'st local preuclio," who came lo his assis- 
 tance, is worthy of special mention. He \v;'.- a native «)!' 
 the county Mona,L>;iian, Ireland. A( (he age o! sixteen ho 
 joined the aiauy, and iis a non-commissioned officer in a 
 gi-enadier Cf^mpany, sei'ved in America undei' Lord 
 Cornwallis, until the surrontlei' of that oificer witJi 
 his whole army to Washington. Upon his redini to 
 Ireland, ho joined (he Jvoyal Irish Artilloi-y, and suljse- 
 quently, the l)attaliou of Cavan Militia, as paymaster 
 under the Rarl of Bellamont. After Ids withdrawal from 
 the army, in lTr>0, ho held a situation of some importance 
 in Duhlin, under tlie same nobleman. For some time, 
 a wish to make suitable jv.'ovision for his sons, as farmers, 
 had led him to contemplate removal to British North 
 America. The death of the nobleman l)y whom he was 
 employed, and the desire to remove his family from 
 exjiosure to the re])e(ition of such scenes as he had wit- 
 nessed dui'ing the Irish Rebellion, caused the wish to 
 become a detei-mination. lie, thei-ofore, purchased a 
 tract of six hundred acres, at the head of the Hillsborough 
 Itiver, P. Fj, I., from one of the proprietors of that island, 
 and in March, 1801, with his family took his final 
 <leparture from his native countr}'. In earl^* life Mi'. 
 Dawson had boon wild and ]irofane ; but through the 
 reading of Doddridges's ' Rise and Progress,' he had been 
 arou-'od to see his danger, and to find safety in the atone- 
 ment of the Lord Jesus Chrisi. At what time he became 
 a local preacher is not k'novrn. Stephen Bamford, who 
 had frequently h^ard him preach at the Blaris Camp, in 
 Ireland, rejoiced ut a later period lo meet his sons iu 
 America. 
 
TX THE L()]YF.Ii PnOVryCES 41 ;j 
 
 So ciiT'uitons \V(M'o tlio ]-()iito> trn\'o!lrl iif {\\:\{ (l:iy. hv 
 ]i;i!'lics wlio s()iiii;!it to lin<l tlu'i" way iVoni IJrilaiii Id 
 Oi'i'isl) Amci'iea. tlia.t Mr, Dawson aiil Ii!s iaiiMlx- tool; 
 ])assai:"c lo:* [*lii!;i'I(>l])hia. 0:1 iIkm'- way i-) tiivii- alii-.ost 
 nukiioxvii 'lo^^tiiialioii. In iliai cily 
 infiuoiU'C soui:;ht to detain him !iy:in 0(1 
 in a!i Anivrican frin'atc. witli jjrovision iV);- Ms [\\.> (•Mcst 
 
 -<.'\'(M'ai ])i'i">o!H (it 
 (')■ of a cliaplaiiicv 
 
 sorw :is inHhhii)^^^! : inil liis i-c;!;ar>i io;- Di'iiain orcviaiifd 
 Ills a('<H']»(;;ncf of liic i'.Mnii'JMu' oil'v',-, '11 .hiiir. ISO!. ln> 
 i'oaf!u'(l ( Miai'!ott'-M()\v:K an'! seMli'd nj)on 'Aw tract. 
 ])rcv!onsly purcliasoil. ai twc'ity-CDnr Miilc- tlisian;'*' iVoni 
 the cap'fa!. At ' 'iiai-lottc'town Iu> tonnd lixir nuMnlivr.s 
 ot'tlio >rel!io.'li'-( ''har'-ii. Tir'-^c \\\'yc niaijainin < 'Kajipdl 
 and hi> wit'c, .lo'^ojiii K.)l)ins()n. ami Mrs. .Smilii. 'I'iic im- 
 ])r(^'-;sion niad.o ujion his iniirl hy tIio swiriinai d<,'>lila- 
 lioii of the iidia!)l!anls of die cohiny, and ihe olforl.s 
 made I)y him to i-eTun-e ii !o the iitmosi of hi>-. a.hi!ii\'. 
 lind tiieir most ajvpropriate >tatomeni in the words i\\' 
 liim wlio \v"ote; ' Tiie zeal o*'ilniu' Jioiise iiaii; (.'aUai n;e 
 U]».' Uriel' I'eeords of Ills t ios])c! hii)ors. k-cpi hy a frieiidiv 
 liand, indiertte sueh frei^iuait ah^rnci' iVom home, a- inn>;, 
 in all sinuhir eases, render ac.aim 11 hit inn .li' i-arthlx- i.'mo.I.s 
 an im")o--ih;lily. Fre([nent scn'\ic('s wtit Iidd hx- him 
 at ( 'iiai'lditeioxvn ; some times in \\\c .oDm n^'d for a 
 ehiueh, hut n-eiicrally a! tlie hons,- of Mis. Smith, Pro- 
 vided wiiha jio'dret comoass. and ofuei i'-aid"d ii\- hha/rd 
 ]iatl!s. hv fiviiueiilly funnd Id- way ;.■> Lot [\\, ('ht'i-r\- 
 VaMey, V'ernon (iiver, Miii-rar IIii'Im!-. Sy IV'icrs, and 
 Three Rivei'.s. !t, is said that no settkMmnI in t!u' i-hand 
 j-emained ninds'ted hy him. At th;it time there were h.i 
 road.s and l)rid'4"es ihroiiidinni the isfand. 'He windd 
 sometimes,' says his yoiin.uv-t -on. 'waif many mi!i'> 
 hefoi-e hiH'akfast on a Sanday mornii.:;-, it» k-eeii an 
 a}i|iointment. i have ii.'ai'd ct' him wad'iiL;- ^ iix'ams and 
 
'I Hi 
 
 414 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 swiraming rivers. No obstacle seemed so great as to 
 hinder himfroni performing what he considered his duty.' 
 Mr. Dawson was a man of strong constitution and power- 
 ful frame, and in tlie prime of life ; but flesh and blood 
 could not long sustain the test to wliich he subjected his 
 physical powers. In December, 1804, he was seized by a 
 sevei'c cold, which terminated in quinsy. In the absence 
 of proper medical care the disease settled in the shoulder 
 and arm. On the 22nd of January, though ill, he walked 
 home from Charlottetown. On the 29th of the next 
 month, friends in that place sent for him, to save his life, 
 if possible. Four days later Mr. Chapjjcll sadly wrote, 
 'Xohope;' and on the 4th of March mournfully a'ldcd, 
 ' 'Tis finished. At seven o'clock Mr. Dawson died.' It 
 is said that he departed, 'happy in God, full of faith and 
 love, and joy.' His ministry had been acceptable to a 
 large number of the inhabitants of the island, many of 
 whom long remembered his name with grateful emotion. 
 
 A number of tradesmen, most of whom, as Method- 
 ists, remembered Adam Clarke, and the persecution he 
 had suffered for their sakes, left the Island of Guernsey, 
 in 180G, to make themselves new homes at Murray Har- 
 bor, P. E. I. The- agent fronu whom they purchased 
 their lands was Joseph Avard, a convert of Adam Clarke, 
 during the great revival under his ministry at Ht. Aus- 
 tell, in Cornwall, through which Samuel Drew, after- 
 wards one of the first metaphysicians of Britain, and a 
 local preacher to the end of his days, with several others, 
 who became men of note in literature or mechanics, were 
 brought into the fold of Christ. Mr. Avard, wdio was 
 also a local preacher, had seen in the Methodist Maga- 
 zine for 1805, from the pen of Black, a reference to the 
 work and departure of Thomas Dawson. His wife ex- 
 pressed her full approval of his desire to proceed to Mr. 
 
 i\ 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 415 
 
 ^ to 
 
 >ty.' 
 
 wcr- 
 ilood 
 A his 
 by a 
 
 ukler 
 alkcd 
 next 
 is life, 
 wrote, 
 a'i ltd, 
 
 d; It 
 
 th and 
 
 [q, to a 
 tiny of 
 -notion. 
 
 Ictliod- 
 
 ion he 
 
 ,ernscy, 
 
 |iy llar- 
 
 ■c\\ased 
 
 iClarkc, 
 
 pt. Aus- 
 , after- 
 
 ^1, and a 
 others, 
 
 [cs, were 
 
 ho was 
 
 Ktiga- 
 
 |e to the 
 
 wife ex- 
 
 ll to Mr. 
 
 Dawson's kite fiokl of toil ; and arrangements were im- 
 mediately made for departure with the intending emi- 
 grants. Seventy-three men, women and children, left 
 Guernsey in a vessel chartered for Montreal, in March, 
 and in May landed in safety at Charlottetown. On the 
 Sabbath after their arrival Mr. Avard preached to hi.s 
 fellow-passengers and some of the people of Charlotte- 
 town. These services he continued on each Sabl)r.th, 
 sometimes in the town, at other times at Vernon Elver, 
 where he lound several who had been enlightened under 
 the niinistry of Mr. Dawson. Convinced that it would 
 be impossible to attend to the calls presented to him, 
 without neglect of business, on the results of which his 
 family and himself were wholly dependent, Mr. Av^ard, 
 after consultation with friends, opened a correspondence 
 with Doctors Clarke and Coke, res])ecting the appoint- 
 ment of a missionary to the colony. In respon^o to this 
 appeal, James Bulpitand his wife, who had just returned 
 to England from Newfoundland, were asked to re-cross 
 the Atlantic, and spend three yeai'S in the island. They 
 assented, with some hesitation, and afler a tedious 
 journey, via Quebec and Canso, ^-cached their mission. 
 The ' poor friends from Guernsey .tied tears of joy ' as 
 they surrounded the missionary and his wife. Tlio G-ov- 
 ernor received Bulpit with kindness, asked him if the 
 the Methodists would 'fight,' is loyal subjects, and per- 
 mitted him to preach in the court-house, where a large 
 congregation of the most respectable inhabitants of the 
 place listened ;o him. Soon after his arrival, Bulpit re- 
 ported the number of members in society jit fifty, fifteen 
 of whom were resident at Charlottetown, where he fixed 
 his headquarters. The vector, who officiated in the 
 morning, with his family attended the Methodist 
 services in the evening. His eldest son soon be- 
 
41 G 
 
 inSTOJ^Y OF MKTIIOJDJSM 
 
 cnme a tucinbcr of the class. lOiicoui-au-cl liv siicli 
 j)!'()sports as lie hail novel' seen be'ltie.' the ^\\\>- 
 jsionury piii'sued his laljurs, assistcl by Mi-. Avaid, 
 who contiinKHi lo ael us a Inea! ])reache!; until 
 Ills I'eniovni to Sav'k\"ille, in L'^14, ^\ I'l-aiigcmeiits foi- 
 the erection of a new ehiireh (hirini;' the siinimei' of ISOS 
 were not earried (Kit. and se:'viee> Aveie contiinied on the 
 Sahhath o^■enin^■ in. the iiniini^Iied ••hiireh. or in the 
 coui'i-hoiise, v>'herc in the nioi'ning' the reetor oi' the 
 ])arish olUeiated. Pi'ayer-nieetin^'s wei-e IVeijUently hehl 
 in ill' i.M'.'c voMiu used 1m Mv>. I>al[.i; I'm;' a >e!i(inl-i'0(.in, 
 jH'.^id^s 'eh' neopie' at Aliii'i-av ilarltDi'. aiid enn'^'i-c- 
 
 galions ui i>ede(iue aiiii Ti'yon, were Iriends at ('hnrry 
 Valle}'. wliere a kinoly (^na!<er ]ii'(Mni>ed iiCty aei-es 
 ul' laiid. on which to erei't-a mission iv-taMishmeni. 
 
 A lai'ii'c mnnbei' of those loyalists and dislinnded 
 ti'oojis. who had reached Xova Scoiia ai the close oi'ihe 
 
 Aniei-ican war. had .•-eltled at <ln\-.-iii)!'i)' 
 
 M; 
 
 nichestei" 
 
 tiiid oi tie 
 
 hai'lioi's on the wes 
 
 (■ 
 
 eni >ide of the ^-iiil nt' 
 anso. lUackhad for A-e;ii"s lookcl in thai dii'ection, and 
 
 (.les! 
 
 •eii to visit them, of send one oi' his |« 
 
 'eaciiers w 
 
 th',' (lospel niessaiie. Init had been hinderetl by ])ersonal 
 enii'a>^enient>, ov the sninllnoss of the imtnbcr of iliner- 
 ants under his charii'e. ^V lette;' sent to liiin by iwo 
 inenibei's of ihe Methodist (.duireh. a ^Ir. Iiiehai'dson and 
 lis wiie, who had tre([uen!ly listened to him in eaiTiei' 
 
 li 
 
 Years, was shown vo James Mann. wli>. in 
 
 le 
 
 ^pl'in^■ ot' 
 
 1808, visited the settlements nainetb lie ivceived a Chris- 
 lian u'l't-'ciin.^' tVom tlu'tew interested in the pui'pose of 
 his visit, and remained anioiii.;' them <ix wi'cks. during- 
 !i he vitsitcd the settlei's. held iitaver-ineetinu's 
 
 whii 
 
 amon<j; them, and jireaeheii the (i')--pv'l ot thi' i^''"''"'*-' "I 
 (lod. in his usual simple and earnest style. The minds 
 of .some were deeply impressed by bis uttei'anees, and a 
 
 <fl e* 
 
JX TTfE LOWER FEOVINCE^S. 
 
 41' 
 
 iiu>- 
 
 11 'til 
 for 
 lSi>S 
 i\ the 
 I ilie 
 1' I 'no 
 
 rodin, 
 
 'hen-y 
 
 ;\('re> 
 
 .:Uvle'l 
 ol'lhc 
 
 hoster, 
 lUl of 
 
 )n, :rn' 
 
 I 
 
 w 
 
 ;U 
 
 M'sor.al 
 i'liiior- 
 
 Lon ninl 
 
 U>;\i 
 
 lioi- 
 
 Iriua; 
 ('hri^ 
 
 ot 
 
 |U)SO 
 
 ot 
 
 
 ',VV 
 
 mnni 
 
 ;iu« 
 
 I a 
 
 via^s-rneoting, tlic first in ilic place, held for (lie heiierit 
 oftlifM?. In tlie autumn of the foHowiniX yeai', anotlici" 
 -hort. but most aeceplable, visit was paid tliem hy 
 Williarn Bennett, whose services were made a blessing- to 
 those who -feared the Lord and thouglit u])on his name.' 
 
 fi: 
 
 (rial measure of diviiie influence I'ested u 
 
 pon 
 
 iim 
 
 durin;; the delivery of one sermon, by whii-h many were 
 stimulated to seek for spii'itutd blessings to which they 
 
 had 
 
 prev 
 
 ir)U 
 
 dv b 
 
 A Held of 
 
 isiv oeen sii-anu-ers. " a neiu oi so much 
 pr<»mi.-e mt-ritcd more than occasional visits, vet, from 
 the paucity of the number of preachers, even these brief 
 .sea>?oiH of blessing were not again enjoyed for several 
 years. 
 
 Jarne-i Knowlan. a)i])ointed at the English Confer- 
 ence of 1808 to supply the vacancy caused by the le- 
 moval of ifarsden to Berniudti, reached the ])rovince8 
 in l)'<.*«--eTnU.'r, Ke was an J rishman, of whose early religi- 
 ous life little is known. In 180(5 he had l)een ordained, and 
 .sent a> a missionary to Jamaica. I>uring a shoi-t resi- 
 dence in that island, he had witnessed the infliction of 
 some of the most revolting bai-barities connected with 
 that mo^t bi'utal })eriod of AYest Indian slavery. IFe 
 had jdeadcd bcfoi'c the ]\Iayor, Aldermen and Common 
 Council, in bclialf of a slave, dragged to the guard-hou>e 
 for the erime of • praying too loud' with his own family ; 
 and. findinij his own ett'orts, and thosoof his fellow missi- 
 onary. jKiwei'less to save the poor fellow from punish- 
 ment, had turned away with the conviction, whicli 
 neitlier dare<l publicly utter to the other. ' AYe must 
 seek justice at home.' It is matter of astonishment 
 that the determined Ii-ish missionaiy was al>le to pre- 
 serve silence in the midst of those horrors. Illness alone 
 prevente-l him from appearing Itefore the Common Coiin- 
 
 « ' Weslej-an,' 1838, p. 288. 
 
418 
 
 IIISrOIiY OF MEriJODISM 
 
 mm 
 
 cil at tlie same time as liis folleag-uc, wlio was coDiiiiit- 
 1(m1 to prison for a month, Ijccause sinking had Itcen 
 heard in his ohnrcli aftei- six in tlic (.vcniiig. 
 
 The iij))>caran(:c (jf serious fevei-i>h syin])l()iiis, very 
 soDii alter Knowhm's ari-ivtd at Janiaiea, phieed lielbre 
 liiiu the evident alternative of early death, or almost 
 immediate jvinoval to a more eoii^'enial elimale. Kroni 
 the former he was mainly i)ieserved, so far as human 
 causes are concerned, hy a sli-oiii;- eonsiiiutiini, wliirli 
 cari'ieil him through a whole train of inihimmatory fe\ers. 
 Jn Aj»ril, loUS. he left Jumaiea for England. A glance at 
 tlie '■ station .--heet.' issued during the ensuing Conference, 
 ar,(uainte<i liim with his a|)j)oinlmv'nl to Nova Scotia. ' I 
 l.iiow not how,' ho wrote, • 1 may bear such an extreme 
 o:' v'olu, a> that viimate ;'om|)ared with Jamaica, hut 1 
 am i'e;-.igned, praying that Chxl may lit me for the work 
 in thai (piarter. if sent there.' Delayed by the \i>» oi 
 hi> jiassage by the intended route, he sailed in Oclobei 
 ffum Portsmouth for St. John, X. B. A sloop of war, 
 s})oke> <hiring tlie passage, was at tirst taken fo;- an 
 enemy's vessel, and pre])arations were made for defence, hy 
 ' forty men with flnirtecn long guns.' The missionary looic 
 his station be>i'le the cai)tain, on the quartei' deck. On the 
 2nd of December, he l:inded in St. John ; ;ind commenced 
 h> work in the provinces by delivering an exhortation 
 at tlie prayer-meeting held that evening in the old 
 church, and by prea(diing in the stime Ijuilding on Hie fol- 
 lowinir Sahbath. After spending a few days at Iloi'ton, 
 wherc'^thoy had ' not had preaching more than once in 
 Bcven weeks, for some time ;' and at AVindsor, wluiv for 
 several years they ' had only had a sermon now ;ind 
 then from John Mann,' who was ' superannuated,' he 
 reached Halifax. There he remained a few weeks, a.id 
 then set off for his distant station at Cumbcrhind. 
 
 i 
 
1^' 
 
 AV THE LOWER PliOVUSTES. 
 
 41!> 
 
 la t ion 
 le ol*l 
 
 Ir.ce in 
 [iv tov 
 IV and 
 ■i; Ik- 
 
 ;. and 
 
 At the Coiifoi'oncc of 1S09, wliicli was eomnioiicod ( m 1 1 
 
 U! 
 
 il llulil'ax, some import an I v\ 
 
 laii- 
 
 8ocon;l !• nda}' in Juno, 
 
 i,a's took |i!a('0. Janios ^fann liecaino a siijierniuiKM-ary 
 
 ^Y 
 
 iliiaiu 
 
 ]^>!ai'k, whose laniilv had remaiiKMl al Jlali 
 
 lax dui'in;.': more tlian twenty veai"s, I'o.i. tved with tl 
 
 to St. John ; and Williaiii Ik'nnett look char 
 
 It II; 
 
 leni 
 ili- 
 
 f'a\-. Early in the auluinn. PjUiek exclian^-od cii-euiis for 
 sev'era! ^vee!<s with l'hilij> M.iini;-er, an American ]»i'<'ach- 
 
 t'i' stati'.>Me'i .n H^-!')!). 
 
 M 
 
 una'ot 
 
 HI a 
 
 Mter 
 
 ol'Ce 
 
 rospociui 
 
 le wo 
 
 ■k' in St. Johi 
 
 1, i'l'pOl 
 
 •ted a 
 
 eomniDiiioii- 
 
 cliapel, with hii'geand attentive eoni^rcgations. Th"ou:j;h 
 the zealous eiforts oftliis Amci'iean ]>i-eaehei' a (•hi>- Mas 
 fornu^'l at (/arlelo i. \v!i;eh hel()ie the eml ol the yeai' 
 mu!Ml"\'(' 1 alxMil twe)ity meml)ers. In ]>!10. the c'.ureh 
 in S;. h>hn suiVei'ed a -erious lo^s tlii'ouu'h the (h';;di of 
 -Tolm \'^('nn;ii''-. wli') usefuUv tiUed the offices oj" tiMi-tee. 
 
 leaiU' 
 
 ! I 
 
 al [o'eacher. ^Ii". VeiniinLT, whom .Mai- 
 
 den calls ' an exccMeiit man a.nd skilful 
 
 emm; 
 
 ie, the ei'ecl i( 
 
 )ii ol' the tower ( 
 
 *f '\ 
 
 rr 
 
 artisi. Willie 
 i'init\- cliui'ch. 
 
 stepped one moniini;' iij»on tlu^ staging, I'cndereil slij; 
 
 1 
 
 iei'\' o\- a 
 
 ■•ht 
 
 shower o 
 
 -now, fell from it to the i-oof, 
 
 and the:ico to the roi'k' helow, to iiieet instant <h'ath 
 
 As 1 
 
 le w 
 
 Ol 
 
 le of tho^.e lew," addsMarsden, ' who have 
 
 no eaase to feai" death in any s]ia])e. 1 
 
 lis mourniiii 
 
 ■lcli*l 
 
 <1 1'ew 
 
 con<i 
 
 )lation hoth from the .u'oodness of God. and 
 
 his u'eiinine and unaflected pietv.' 
 
 Th.e ('Oiifereuee of 1810 was held at ITorton. early in 
 June. The total memhershij) re[)orted from the cii'ciiils 
 was round to Ije eleven hundred and tifty. Stephen 
 .IJamford, stationed' at Liver})ool in 1809-10-11, was not 
 present, lie had left his circuit, in May, for the Xew 
 England (.'onfereiiee at Pittslield, Mass., wheiv he was 
 ordained by Bisliojts Aslniry and McKendree. Ashur}-, 
 his countryman, heartily welcomGd the ' Englishman ' — 
 
 I - 
 
( ," 
 
 I. L ^ I 
 
 \ 
 
 m .;: 
 
 > 
 
 iiliip! 
 
 i«l(ll 
 
 llie last minislor sent from flic Lowor Pi'oviiK'CS for 
 ordination in llie United States. AVilliam Suteliffe, in 
 whoso cii'Ciiit, in the county of Annaj)olis, a revival had 
 eommenced previously to the Conferenee, returned at its 
 close to pi'osecute his woi-lc. In Septemher, Bhicic 
 reported an inn'atlierin^' of ' a hundred oi* more incin- 
 hcrs,' in Sutclitfc's field of labor, whei'e the revival was 
 still in pi'Oi;-ress. At the !OnL;-lish Conference of ISIO, 
 James Priestley, a youni;- man of talent, just i-eceived on 
 trial for the ministry, was ordered to proceed to the 
 Xova Scotia District. The news of his ap])ointmciit i>-avo 
 U'reat satisfaction to the brethren, who had been anx- 
 iously awaiting assistance. This young ministei-, whoso 
 fashionable ap[)earauce called forth no small amount of 
 criticism from his seniors, was destined, through the 
 ]iower of his eloquence, soon to occupy ti prominent place 
 in the ranks of the provincial ministr}-, 
 
 A loss pleasant theme demands a share of attention. 
 • It must needs be,' said the Head of the Church, ' that 
 offences will come.' Pei'sistent efforts after power and 
 influence, put forth by men of ' worldly, low desij-e," in 
 connection with any section of the visible Church, must 
 always involve resistance on the part of others, and thus 
 induce unseemly antagonism. The occurrence of these 
 strifes bch^ngs to the history of every section of the 
 Church ; and no writer of Church history is at liberty to 
 ignore their existence or avoid their relation, however 
 unattractive to himself or unsatisfactoiy to others. The 
 influence exercised by the E])isco])alians upon the 
 governments of Nova Scotia and Now Brunswick, at this 
 period, was calculated to excite a reasonable jealousy in 
 the minds of the members of other, and loss favored, 
 religious bodies. In Nova Scotia, all marriage licenses 
 Averc addressed to the Episcopal clergy, and could not 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVINCES. 
 
 421 
 
 . -H 
 
 I those 
 i)f the 
 •ty to 
 Ivcver 
 The 
 the 
 [t this 
 lisy iu 
 I'orcd, 
 I'cnsos 
 \\ not 
 
 be used by any Methodist or Baptist minister, unless 
 obtaiiud by ti'ansfei', as a matter of favor, or upon some 
 eei'tain consideration, from tlio E])ist'()])al ministi-y. In 
 New Brunswick, tlic position of the ministci's named 
 was still more humiliatinii;. Aceordinii; to a law passed 
 })y the legislature of the Province in 1T!H, any minister, 
 not belonging to the Churches of England oi' Scotland, 
 or to the <2ii'iJ^'e'rs, or to the Eoman ('atholic priesthood, 
 who should ' i)resume to solemnize or celebrate marriage, 
 or assist in celebrating marriage between any persons 
 whatever,' was liable, upon conviction, to ' pay a fine to 
 the King, not exceeding one hundred ])Ounds, noi* less 
 than fifty pounds, and to sull'er twelve months imprison- 
 ment,' This unjust law had teeth. Under their ])ressure 
 a worthy Baptist minister, named Innis, s])ent twelve 
 months or more in jail, for having yielded to the solici- 
 tations of a young couple, converted under his ministry, 
 wdio wished him to perform the marriage ceremony at 
 their wedding.'^ The possessors of powder, like those of 
 wealth, arc seldom satisfied. The dis])osition of either, 
 like that of the two daughters of the horseleach, is to crj', 
 ' flive, give.' In accordance with this too general law, 
 efforts to obtain a greater amount of power, at the 
 expense of the majority of the inhal)itant8 of Nova 
 Scotia, were put forth by the Episcopalians; and, in con- 
 sequence, the Methodists were obliged, with some other 
 religious bodies, to assume an attitude of defence. 
 
 On the recommendation of the Lieut.-Govcrnor, Sir 
 George Prevost, the Episcopal Bishop was sworn in a 
 member of the Council, in 1800. It was understood that 
 he should take no part in the administration of civil 
 affairs, but confine his attention to matters spiritual. 
 The appointment was in reality a long stride towards an. 
 
 ' ' The Baptists of St. John, N. B.' by Kev.. I. E. Bill.. 
 
oo 
 
 122 
 
 jnSTORY OF METIfODTSM 
 
 , I': 
 
 ' 
 
 l^ifi!^' 
 
 I !„K 
 
 Rstnblislimont, witli all the objcctionablo fciil urcs wliicli 
 ]i!iv(i marked sucli an institiilioii in Muii'land aixl in some 
 oPtlic British eoh)nies. The old ' Oouncil of Twelve' 
 was in leality the rulini:!; powei' of the country. It sal 
 with closoildooi's, and its members — constituting not only 
 the ailvisei's of tlie Govornoi-, but the Upper House of 
 tlieLeujidaturc — possessed both executive and legislative 
 functions. Those whoai-e familiar with thehistory of the 
 stru,<j:i;-le between the Iiev. Thomas McCulh)ch, and the 
 Council, who would have crushed tlie Academy at Pictou, 
 for which Dr. ^fcCulloch fought so nobly, and against such 
 heavy odds, may have some idea of the influence winch 
 his appointment to the Council gave the Bishop, in a 
 l)ody composed almost wholly of influential adhererits of 
 his own Church, During the same year, 1809, Sir (Jeorgc 
 Provost wrote to the Secretary of State, recommending 
 that a part of the ' Arms fund,' composed of sums voted 
 at ditferont times for the purchase of arms for the militia, 
 and amounting to nearly three thousand pounds, should 
 bo used for the pui'pose of building and repairing c] lur- 
 ches of the Establishment in remote and poor ])arishes, 
 and enlarging King's College at Windsor. With this 
 modest recommendation the Lords of the Treasury saw 
 tit to comply; and, during the ensuing summer jjhiced 
 the fund at the disposal of the Governor and Council, by 
 whom seven hundred pounds were given to the Church 
 of Scotland. Petitions for a share of this grant were for- 
 warded from two congregations, having no connection 
 with either of the favored Churches. The applications 
 were of course received with a sarcastic smile, and the 
 a])plicant8 were soon undeceived. 
 
 The success of this effort to appropriate provincial 
 funds led to an attempt to secure an endowment from the 
 same source. In 1811, the Governor was requested by 
 
IN THE LOWER PROVrxrES. 
 
 123 
 
 omc 
 
 •Ivo' 
 ( sat 
 only 
 Lsu of 
 liillvc 
 ol" the 
 ,<] tho 
 »i('tou, 
 
 ;t such 
 
 which 
 j). in u 
 or. Is of 
 Crcorgc 
 
 icmliiig 
 s voted 
 milititi, 
 sU<MiUl 
 chur- 
 Urishc!^, 
 [ill this 
 iry saw 
 phiced 
 iucil,by 
 Ic'hurch 
 Icro for- 
 Ineetion 
 tciitions 
 tind tho 
 
 |)Vincitil 
 
 l-oin the 
 
 ;lc<l by 
 
 tlio House of Asseml)ly to forwartl to tlio Ih-itisli niinis- 
 Ir}' iiti address, askill^• the >ii>|)ensi(m of (he ([ult-roiits. 
 [u his eorrespondt'iiee wiih the* Seerctary, Sii* (iooi'^'o 
 Prevost, whose i(k>as of justiee wei'e slrangely pei'verti'il, 
 as those of otliers ha\ e too often hccn, hy his regard t(.>r 
 tlie I'ipiseojtal Chureh, reeonimendcd eon\[)lianee with 
 the prayer of the p'.'titioners, only on eondiiioii that the 
 Assenil>ly slioiild n\akc provision for the su]»porl of ihe 
 Estal)lishud elei'gy. Acting u[)oii instructions fi-om the 
 Secretary of State, Sir John Sherhrooke, who had in the 
 meantime been apj)ointeil (iorcriK^i', aecordir,_:;'ly iid'ornud 
 tlie ITouse of Assemhlv thai the Crov/n would <i-rant the 
 Huspension rei^nestcl. provided Ihe TTouse would make a 
 suital)le allowance for the suj)poi't of the clergy of the 
 Establishment. The matter was now in the hands of the 
 representatives of the people. They rejected theglitteiiii:^- 
 bait ; and, in April, 1S12, resolved to address Grovernor 
 Sherbrooke upon the subject. The views of tho majority 
 were expressed in * plain Knglish.' ' As the inhabitants 
 of this colony,' it was said to Sir John, ' are composed of 
 persons professing various religious sentiments, all ot' 
 whom, since the first settlement of this Province, have 
 been exempt from yielding any support to the Church of 
 England, except such as profess to be members of that 
 Church, the House of Asseml)l3', anxiously desirous of 
 preserving harmony among all denominations of Chris- 
 tians, cannot agree to make provision for the clergy of 
 the Church of England out -^ ." the public treasury, or in 
 any way raise money ])y taxes on other classes of Chris- 
 tians for the support of that Church.' '^ Language so clear 
 could not be misunderstood, and the unjust attempt to 
 secure from the provincial revenues an endowment for 
 the clergy of the Episcopal Church, whose adherents did 
 .not number one third of the inhabitants of the province, 
 
 8 Murdoch's ' History of Nova Scotia,' vol. 3, p. 321-325. 
 
^24 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 :iii<l who wore already in possession of lai',ii;e (iuantilie> 
 ot'lands, given l>y tlie legislature, was never re})eate(l. 
 
 The largo majority of Kpiscopalians in the Council 
 and House of Assembly of New Brunswick placed the re- 
 venues of that province virtuall}' undei* the control of the 
 E])iscopal Church. 'Thei)ulilic ])ui .. hich belongs 
 
 to I)issenters as well asChui'chmen,' saiil a minister who 
 arrived from Scotland in 1817, ' is always open when 
 one, two or three hundrctl jwunds are wtmted by a few 
 individuals in any part of the province to buihl an 
 Episcopal church.' To all appeals for similar assistance 
 h-()W\ other quarters a deaf ear was turned by tiie Coun- 
 cil, who constituted themselves 'defenders of the faith,' 
 In February, 1814, the House of Assembly adojtted 
 the report of a committee of tiuit hody, advising that 
 the sum of one hundred pounds should be granted to His 
 Honor the President, to enable him to ist the trustees 
 of the Gcnnain Street Methodist Chii n discharging 
 
 a debt of eight hundred pounds on that ' handsome and 
 commodious' building; but, a foi'tnight later, the Council 
 informed the House of their n jection of that item of 
 supply. The jjower to open or close the public chest 
 at will did not, however, give unalloyed satisfaction. 
 The successful ministry of Marsden and the subsequently- 
 appointed j^reachers ; the com]>letion of the new church ; 
 and the institution of the Sabbath-school, were all indi- 
 cative of an energy which would soon lead its possessors 
 to overleap the barriers imposed by narrow-minded 
 bigotry. Impelled by a spirit of jealousy, a direct, 
 bitter and prolonged attack, led on, it was believed, by 
 the Episcopal clergy of St. John and the Attorney Gen- 
 eral of the province, was made upon the Methodists, 
 through the columns of the ' Gazette,' by the publication, 
 in the spring of 1810, of a series of articles, most of which 
 
 £ % t 
 
ly Tin: lower rnovryrEs. 
 
 425 
 
 Led. 
 
 )iincil 
 ho rc- 
 of tho 
 
 Di" who 
 \vhcu 
 a low 
 ild ail 
 sttinco 
 i Coun- 
 I liiith.' 
 idojited 
 ig that 
 I to liis 
 
 hargiiig 
 nic and 
 I Council 
 item of 
 chest 
 [faction, 
 ^uently- 
 ;hui'ch; 
 lill indi- 
 ksessors 
 [minded 
 direct, 
 |ved, by 
 3y Gen- 
 hodists, 
 ication, 
 If which 
 
 were copied from an American periodical. Tn these, tiic 
 cxchisive claims of the E^jiscojial l)rancl\ of the Cliurch 
 to a monopoly of agency in tlie Master's woi-k were 
 advanced in a most iiiKinalified and otVensive manner. 
 Jihiclc an<l his friends de>ired to meet the attack throngli 
 the columns of the '(razette;' but the publisher of that 
 p!ij)ei' dcsmanded so large a sum for the insertion of re- 
 plies to insulting artii-les, published witliout charge, 
 that Black took the pulpit in defejice of the jirinciples 
 and practices of the Ciiurcli in winch he held an oflicial 
 position. Like the Austi'alian weapon, which, in its i-e- 
 bound, is snid to strike the unpractict^l thrower, this at- 
 tack only injured those by wliom it was commenced. 
 
 IIa])pily, Black's work during his two years residence 
 in St. John was not wholly that of defence. Letters 
 written by him at that period contain reference to 
 several j)ersons who obtainetl j)eace with God under his 
 ministry. One of these was a young wonuin whom tho 
 S])irit had touderly led. A year or two after lior conver- 
 sion she removed to Frodericton, as tho wife of Thomas 
 Taylor, whose name, during his shorter life, obtained a 
 good report among the Methodists of that and tlie adjoin- 
 ing circuits. At tho time of her removal to Frodericton, 
 tho small church — commenced several 3'ears jMXJviously, 
 but only a short time linished — was closed, except when a 
 preacher from abroad came to spend a Sabbath or two 
 with the little flock. Soon after her arrival at her new 
 home, Mrs. Taylor, and her friend. Miss Dayton, com- 
 menced a Sabbath-school, which, small and feeble at its 
 beginning, has grown and prospered so as to provo a 
 most valuablo nurser}' for tho Church at homo and 
 abroad. Tho successful efforts of this Christian womarx 
 to lead others to Christ wore gratefully acknowledged 
 by several who crossed tho tide before herself. Tho hour 
 
1* •' I 
 
 
 i 
 
 420 m STORY OF AFETITODTSJI 
 
 for tlio (Icpurtui'c of tlio lust survivor of ' the little Iciud 
 that Ii.kI mot at the widow Blair's some sixty-one years 
 before' eaiiie in 1S73. Her tinal distinct utteranee was 
 in aceoi'danec with her jjrofession from the dav, when 
 under Uhiek's ministiy the Holy Spirit had assured her 
 of aeee[)tanee; 'I am sa\ed \)y the washing of reL':ciier- 
 alioii auel the renewing of the Koly (Jhost.' Faini w^cds 
 I'cspeeling Liie union oi' hei- family and herself hereafter, 
 thi'diigh ' Ilim who loved us,' Ibllowed, and she eca-ed 
 to spealv on earth, save with her God. ^ 
 
 In the spring of ISll, the members of the ehurehcs 
 al Kiedej'icton, Xashwaak, Sheltield and the Grand 
 Lake, were like sheep without a shej)herd. For a >hort 
 time l hey had had the pastoral eare of a worthy minis- 
 ter. This was Joseph Alexander, an Englishmaiu and 
 by early training, a Baptist. ^" In London he 
 had met and married a Miss Saunders, the daugh- 
 ter of a lady whoso religious life had commeneed 
 under Black's ministry in Xewibundland, where 
 her husband, a merchant, tlien resided. Alexander lived 
 for a time at St. Kitt's, whence, through the urihealihi- 
 noss ol' the climate, ho removed to tlio United Slaves, 
 where he acted as a local preacher. Through Black, it 
 is said, he was induced to remove to the ])rovinces, 
 where he was received into the itinerancy and sent to 
 Frodericton. He had but commenced his work in that 
 circuit when a disorder of the liver seized him, and 
 terminated his life at the early ago of thii-ty-four. 
 Through the Minutes of 1811 his brethren afford the 
 brief but important information that • his end was 
 trium])hant,' He was very soon followed into the cier- 
 nal world by the loader at Frodericton, the tried and 
 worthy Duncan Blair. The societies in that neighltor- 
 
 « ' Wesleyan,' June 11, 1873. 
 
 '" In the Minutes he is erroneously called James Alexander. 
 
ly THE LOWER FROYiyCES. 
 
 427 
 
 yeiirs 
 
 wliou 
 •cil her 
 
 rcal'lcr, 
 cx-a-ed 
 
 Inirehos 
 (li-aud 
 
 ,• iiiiuis- 
 \\\\\, iind 
 don lie 
 3 dauii'li- 
 uiicnced 
 where 
 1 01- lived 
 dicalihi- 
 
 Siau': 
 I) lack, 
 
 it 
 
 ,eiU to 
 
 iiu, 
 
 that 
 and 
 [i-ty-inur. 
 
 IViird the 
 lud \viis 
 
 Itl 
 
 le t'ter 
 
 •led and 
 •hlior- 
 
 kou 
 
 Ixamlcr. 
 
 hood liad o'rown up around ^fr. Bhiir. His lidtisc ]iad 
 Ik'cm a homo for tlio niinl^'iors, a.nd a sancluary for tlii'ir 
 (•onL:Ti\u'ations ; and wduMitlio few assoeiatcil with nii;i al 
 Frcfh'iicton liad resolved lo erect a small ehin'cli. lie Iiad 
 Li'iwn the lan<l, and his hands had done a ^-ood Aw 
 
 !'!' () 
 
 llu^ 'A'ni'k. His faithful and pei'severinu: etioris render 
 him \\''>ilhv of L;'ratol'ul rerncml)oranee l>ytlie memlio!"- 
 
 di 
 
 still) o 
 
 f the ]\rethodist chur'-h in Pri^dericti 
 
 M: 
 
 }' 
 
 n exee 
 
 Ilent 
 
 woman, survived lier liu>ii:iii,(i a num- 
 
 Blai: 
 
 ber of years. 
 
 ill accordtmcc with a request preferred hy IJiaelv at 
 the Conference of 1810, the name of that honoi-ei! niiiii-^ter 
 was placed on the Minutes of IRll, as a supeinumerary 
 on the Livei'iiool circuit. At the close (.»f the (.'o!ifen'iici>. 
 f 1S1 1 he removed to Liveri)ool, in the place of J>ai)r,i»rd, 
 
 01 
 
 apj)()iii(od to St. John, and took the full c 
 
 iiai'ue 
 
 the 
 
 circuit. 
 
 At the end of the Conference Near he -n't- 
 
 tled in Halifax, which continued to l^e his home thriiiii;-h- 
 oiit life. Bennett, in 1812, was a[)[)oinied (ieiieral 
 Superintendent in his room. Black continued, howevt'r, 
 from that time to the period of his decease to iviider 
 many and important services to the Chui'ch. 
 
 h\ Ajiril, 1812, a youthtul minister, whose utteran- 
 ces were to bo ' thu savour of life unto life.' lo many in 
 the Lower Provinces, landed at Halifax. This was 
 "William Croscombe. The details of his con\'ersioii and 
 entrance into the ministry will be interest i mi,- lo llioso 
 by whom he is still i-ememhered. Ho was a native of 
 Tivei'ton, in the county of Devon, whence, \i.'v\' soon 
 fiftei- his birth, in 1787, Ids parents removed to Ihdel'ord. 
 There the first twenty years of his Hie were sj)eni. IFis 
 parents, though not professors of religion, wvvv all end- 
 ants at a Nonconformist place of worship. T!i rough tlu^ 
 conversation of a pious school-mistress with smne of her 
 
428 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 visitoi's, he was induced to ask himself, when lietween 
 six and eight years of age, whether he were a 'believer.' 
 From his ability to repeat the Apostle's Creed, he thought 
 liimself prepai'ed to give a satisfactory answer, and 
 ' found his mind much quieted therel)y,' None gave a 
 word of counsel to the youth, and the • tenderness of 
 conscience and the sincere desire to be g'^od ' soon jias- 
 sed away. At eiirht years of a^-e he became an innuite 
 of an uncle's house. The uncle, a ? who feared God, 
 though ho did not walk in the light f ITis countenance, 
 took care that all the members of his household should 
 attend public worship on the Lord's day; yet rosidenco 
 beneath his roof was not favoralde to the best interests 
 of his nephew. The conversation of the workmen in 
 the uncle's establishment did the j'oung man much 
 harm. P\)r years after his converdon their language 
 and example proved a powerful soiMtc of temptation. 
 Through all his sinfulness, he was not, however, forsaken 
 by t he Spirit of God. In 1805, a regiment of militia from 
 the noi'th of Cornwall was sent to Bideford, for drill. 
 Among the men were a few Methodists, who attracted the 
 attention of their comrades by their refusal to go through 
 tlieir military exercises on the Lord's day, by their 
 reproof of sin, and their invitation of sinners to Christ. 
 To a prayer-meeting, held by these, and the four or five 
 'solitary Methodists' resident at Bideford, young Cros- 
 combe was invited, to assist in singing. A ' vQry young' 
 man went forward at the first meeting, and gave out a 
 hynin. The act touched the heart of the listener. ' This 
 3'oung man's privileges,' ho said to himself, ' cannot have 
 been much greater than mine ; he is not much older than 
 myself; but he has profited by his privileges to such a 
 a degree that his fathers in the Lord encourage him to 
 go forward, while I am still a sinful wretch, posting the 
 

 W THE LOWER l^JWmVES. 
 
 •i2\) 
 
 :>tween 
 liever.' 
 
 31-, iiiitl 
 o;i\vc a 
 i-ncss of 
 ion pas- 
 i in urate 
 •CM I Clod, 
 tcuanec, 
 I sliouUl 
 •esulonce 
 interests 
 ■km en in 
 ■in much 
 language 
 mx^tation. 
 forsaken 
 it i a from 
 for drill, 
 ■acted the 
 through 
 by their 
 to Christ. 
 ixv or iivo 
 img Oros- 
 y young' 
 ■live out a 
 :r. 'This 
 [\not have 
 Dlder than 
 to such a 
 [re him to 
 >sting tho 
 
 downward road to destruction, and a I'cproacli to my iv- 
 ligious connexions.' Those reflections led him to \','c(,']), 
 and to res(dve U})on immediate reformation. Witliout 
 dehiy he k^ft Ids evil com[)aiuons, ;iiid commeiuH'd lo 
 ])ray, and to read his ]iil)h\ The gni<hnu'e of a single 
 Cliristian friend might then have led lum to ("ii'i-l ; 
 but in the ahsence of such, the eri'oneous sUi)jM)>i- 
 tion, that merely to ' cease to do evil, and to learn 
 to do well." in the annlication of that eoun>e! 
 
 lO 
 
 the outward life, would result in salvation, cau-cl 
 liini to relaiise into sin. At the aire of tNvent v. dislik-e of 
 
 his uncle's husi 
 
 ness 
 
 led 1 
 
 lim to ti'V a seafarim 
 
 A 
 
 )tai]i 
 
 short experience on ship-l)oard, with a wicked caj 
 and a crew of ' most degi"aded wretches/ who found cau.-c 
 for merriment in his sickness and sutl'erings; and an ex- 
 tremeh' ]iarrow escape fi-om death while aloft and taking 
 in sail, led him to return on shoi-e at Poi-tsea. That 
 place, wliei'e for a time he followed evil com]i!Uiions into 
 greater depths of sin. hecame the ])lac(M)f his deliverance 
 from its powei'. I)ui"ing a severe illness. r«\->ulting fmni 
 a cold taken on aSahl)ath exeui-sion in 1,^0!^. lie jiad lime 
 for reflection. Experience taught him how little could 
 be done for him hy his coni)»anions in evil; ami worils 
 which occurred in a letto]' from his uncle wei-c 
 pressed upon Ins soul as to lead him to feel an 
 
 <(> HP. 
 Wee]) 
 
 over his sins. As lie searched the Scriptui-es. M-iiJi a 
 resolution to seek forgiveness, if he could learn thai -one 
 sinner as had as himself" ever found mei-cy. lu' hi'caino 
 convinced that salvation could only he ohtairu'd Ihi'ouuli 
 the atonement of (lirist. AH his wants now seemeil lo 
 be comprehended in two ])ctil ions ; ' Lord, tea(di me." ani, 
 'Lord, save me.' These i'e({uests he urged * almost in- 
 cessantly' for a fortinght, meanwhile yielding up hi& 
 heart 'as much as ])ossiblo' to the influences of the 
 
i 
 
 (: !^ 
 
 ■( I 
 
 1?!' i! 
 
 r^ii 
 
 430 
 
 J/LSTO.RY OF JIErirODISM 
 
 8j)irii. ;i!,.l s< riviDi;; to believe as directed. One Stduiday, 
 an inwat'd imj^re.ssion led liiin to I'esolve to attend a 
 Me!li';di>l ]ii'ayer-nieeting (jn tlie followini;* iii'wning. 
 "Weak a> lie was, he reaelied the idi:i]!(d iKToi'e the door 
 wa- ojHMied. During that service, as he I'cspouded 
 M'ith the iii':nt).>t earnestness to the ])rayers oiu'.vd. aiid 
 ende:'.\-)ied willi all his heai't to helieve the ]ir')iiii>es, 
 the longed-i'or light, broke upoii him. ' I ar(jse JVoivi my 
 knee-' lie says. ' liglitened of my load of sins and !'.".]'}>}' 
 in iri< ])re(''''Us love.' Thegh'wing tei'ms jn \vhieJi heliad 
 heard, his unrh' s])eakof the ^Ifel hr»(li:.ts. to vrhom he had 
 ].eeii inlrod.iued in Wales, ha<l avv;d<ened adeiermi'ea.tion 
 on lin; j.ai'i '.»! the ne])he\v to unite with them Avhr.iever 
 he slu/idd ''v';-,)me a Christian ; while the lVe;jUent deltatcs 
 to wliii !i he had listened, between his CaJvini.-t jvhi'. ive on 
 the one]i;;i-i :\iv\ several ^kJelhodisls on ilie o'dier. had 
 made him a ihoroiigh Ai-minian in senlimeiit. AVi,hout 
 lie-ila'do!;, ilierefore, he east in his lot with those among 
 whom he il.'.M elearlj' learned ofChrist. 
 
 Xo' k's>. iu'erestinii' are the ^teo.- hv whi(di tiK- IFoad 
 of t!ie ('!i!!;-(ii guided one, aftei'wards so usei'ul. inio the 
 ranl<s of 1 Me ministry. T! Migli the advice of ( '!ii'i>1 ian 
 friends, and '.','ilh the hel]) of Ids iinele, he coiniii r.eed 
 itiisiness ;ii Torrington. Soon after his remoA'ai ;'d;her 
 he vleldo'l to the impoi'tunitv of a friend, and. ;_-;[ve a 
 short exliM.-'alion. Othe:' re(|uests of the same Iviiid fol- 
 lowe'I, A\ liie'i he dared not I'efuse. Tn .• ;hort time, his 
 Sabbaths Averefidly oeeu[)iedat T(M-i'ington and -ome of 
 the neighhoi'ing villages. J'y soriie persons, who i'e;ired 
 thtit ihoiigh his _yoiitl), and his live!}' ili>])Osition reproach 
 might he bi-oiight upon the W(n'k. hi -career was i-epoi'ted 
 in an un''! ieiidly 8p)irit to the sujiei'intendent o!' the 
 eireuit. ,Mr. Slec]) re(piest(.'d him to preach in Ids j)roH 
 once, an<l at the close ot the sermon bade him go forth 
 
ly THE LOWER PJiOVIKCES. 
 
 -131 
 
 luiilny, 
 .tend n, 
 
 Vio d<»or 
 ^ponded 
 ;'ed. iind 
 
 Vol 11 my 
 
 d I'.-.Vpy 
 •h lie bad 
 
 \^ he hvA 
 
 init'.;\lioi^ 
 A'V.r.icver 
 it dcUatcs 
 ilailveon 
 rner, luid 
 Vrilliout 
 >.se uiuong 
 
 I lie Head 
 1,', i> the 
 (": -.•.-lian 
 |niU! ViC'cd 
 
 li 
 
 ' '> 
 
 uthcr 
 I -^ivc a 
 hi I'd fol- 
 !:au\ Id:-^ 
 1 -omc of 
 ho ibavcd 
 wpi'oacli 
 ro ported 
 ,t ■•!' the 
 hi- l>i'0-^ 
 n-o forth 
 
 aii'l pitadi ' 'wheiR'vei', aii<l vvhoi'c.'vcr, he cmild." The 
 8piri(. of persecution, so jtrevaloiiL at Torriiigloii as to 
 
 pi 
 
 •event his sueec.-s in hiisinoss, led liini to at'tci.i an 
 
 invitatioi! to remove to 
 
 O; 
 
 hani])l(>n, whi 
 
 •h 1 
 
 la! 
 
 leen 
 
 ^veii up 
 
 bv tl 
 
 le iiiiiei'auls as 'an unfruitful spot." I'hei 
 
 an«i ill a vilhiire thi'ee oi' four miles distant, he uadieivd 
 
 - ses 
 
 lU^.p- 
 
 Ihe Ic'.v scattered sheep, formed them into two 
 aii'l preacdied four times i)i each week. At 0;;1 
 ton he tii'.-t heiian a cour-e of systematic studv. IJis 
 W^k' H'ore lew and l)i>; suri'oundiiig-^ altogether r^nfavor- 
 abJc for their use; he theivfort,' nought elsewhere a j^hiee 
 for <i'UC't thought and pnpai'tition lor hi-, work. • .My 
 
 place 'jf .-tudy,' lie tell- u 
 a mile fiom the town. 
 
 .11 
 
 w 
 
 ere 
 
 th 
 
 lUoULL'lll 
 
 .•hy. 
 my 
 
 ii'd 
 
 hil; 
 
 ;d.< ut 
 ini:; 
 
 v;a: 
 
 to 
 
 jWW'j-i-- under jn'oper '•ontrol. whieh 1 fornid to I 
 of j*o:ae diliienlt}-. My ohject iu these exerei^-e 
 obtain idea-; au'l iiri'a.iigenient. J itad genei'a'ly o'.ne 
 two 'K' thi'ee texts of Serij)t',ue in hand. I ea; i;.\-.t!v 
 piiiyed for the Iloly S]>irit"s as-i>ta.r,ce, and tl i: jfro- 
 cee<.le'I on my work' with .leiight. ^fany \\('.:r the 
 happy iiour-^ I -j>ent in ih"-; se(|ueste]'C(l and •' 'emn 
 pla<.*c.* 
 
 A >iiiguhir coneui'i'enee of '•ircumstanees fir-.; sug- 
 gestcl to him.-eif and others jiis emph>yinenl i;; (he 
 itiiK'nwit ministry. Fearful of ihe I'e-ults of ],'• own 
 iiiexj*erience. he resolved to allend the (|uarter!y meet- 
 ing at Tavistock, and ])hu'e the ela-^-es he had .(;rined 
 under tiie charge of the >U[)erintendeiit of that eireuit. 
 He wtilkcl the foui'te.'ii mih's hetween ()akham])'ion and 
 Tavi-l'K-k, and was kindly iveeived liy the minister who 
 pre.'^ide'l over the meeting. Two nunisters fVoia the 
 Plviuoath Dhstrict, in search of a young man of jinuniso 
 to till a vacancy until the next Conference, were also 
 presojit. These desired to ohtain the .services oi' } oung 
 
•\l: 
 m 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 CVo.scomTjc, but the snperinlciideul, for reasons which lie 
 af'tcnvanis elated, opposed their request. Oakliaiiiploii 
 was taken into the circuit, the name of the youth phiced 
 on the circuit })lan, and a ])romise of the snpei-intendent 
 t-') u'ive liim all the assistance in his power was faithfully 
 carried out. In Marcli, 1810, the members of tlie quar- 
 terl}' meeting unanimously recommended liim to tlie 
 Conference for tlie ministry, and stated theii- willingness 
 to I'eceive him for tlie first year. lie was accepted and 
 went to the Shepton-Mallet circuit. 
 
 • At the meeting of the Bristol District, in 1811, no 
 immediate answer was given to the usual ([uestion ; ' Do 
 any of our junior preachers offer themselves for the mis- 
 sionary work y At the close, however, of a conversa- 
 tion on the subject on the following day, AVilliam 
 Croscombe, through the influence of Samuel Bradburn, 
 offered himself for the foreign field; and, through the 
 advice of Thomas Finder, ex])i'essed a preference for 
 ]S'ova Scotia. By tlic end of September, when tlic ar 
 rangements of the Committee were completed, the 
 ves.-els bound for Nova Scotia had sailed; lie was there 
 fore ordei-e<l, with Richard Taylor, to take passage in a 
 vessel bound for Xewfoulidland. AVhile detained at 
 Portsmouth by contrary winds he ventured on shore 
 at some distance from the ship. During his absence the 
 wind became fair, and his utmost ellbrts to reach or inter- 
 cept the vessel pi'oved fruitless. She had sailed for 
 America, carrying with her all his cloching and mone\'. 
 After i-emaining several weeks in suspense, and receiving 
 u shai-p reproof from the Secretary of the Missionary 
 Committee, he was sent to a circuit in thclslc of AVight, 
 to await further orders. In the meantime, the Diadem, 
 in which he had taken passage, had been driven back to 
 Ireland by storms. Early in February, 1812, he was 
 
II 
 
 AT 
 
 '^^rE LOWER PnoviycES. 
 
 «':»"on.,. of the Com,nit,ee ,.; ,, '1V'"'""«'' "''' ■•''^■"l 
 
 '" "H, c.o„,..o of 0,0™:: ;':;;::;: r"t -i'i'iio- .:,.., 
 
 '«•''<-•■•■« wa. announced ■ .,,,.1 i! ■■""'■ ^'<"-^' «'"" an 
 
 ::;^7-'""'-M,.,,okj"L ff ;;''•'"■- ''--..o, 
 
 ]^ ''"0 tin.., ,si,„a,c,l, a I.cavv ,0 ?" "' "'^' ■^'««'- 
 
 dosh-uotion. ' J,,i„„ ,^.., ;', -■'''^ * •'•o.'itono<l (l,cm „-i„, 
 
 of tlio ve««ol ,o„„ I '" "'""I "n.i tossor) ' H , 
 
 iCh,>tlsoon booamcaH-rool,- ' «i ■"™' ^''o i«o«- 
 TlH, Lo,.| have n,c.,-ov n„o„ . . , ■^'"; ""'»t«'Hl,„vn ! 
 ^'•e n,is.io„a,.ie,, implc-o i)iv n "" "'" ^'•■•"'"■"' ^•■•v- 
 "- f,.om their ,a,eeA-n let" " ,''■"*"■"■""' "'"' *!'.; 
 
 -..s consternation. Eaeh 00 ot^s'or, '"'"■', ^'""«-'^- ••'" 
 W«"-; -M each inUivid„a, ^^^TT" '"'""""'th- 
 ■""' --P0<'tati„n thearriva of t , :^,''"-'"'""«- "'th 
 th..s e.-^treniity the cant.,;. , ''"'''' moment r„ 
 
 -.■ tho sides^f tl". :r; r '° /"- the eah, 
 
 this action of the ice. The la, I '? ""^' "')«^-'^ to 
 P'-oof that cut in piocet ,th „ the'"" T ""^ ■"'''«' '•» 
 0" tho morning „/t,,e . e ot da/f ^'"" '<""^-'^-- 
 "■as only reached after tweT T ""'' ''"'« »«™, but 
 ment in the ice. Tvv ve 1° ; .f ,'"""'- '-I'Hson- 
 othcrs were .„p,,o,ed, ,0 ha;e fou " 'T""^' »"'' '"any 
 '«'-Ss during the gale On le Zl r1 ""'""^ "'« i^''-- 
 "•ent a.shore at St: John's aid a f f '^'"•"' ^'™«'on>ho 
 B'-go in a schooner for Halifo' '""' '^^^'^ '•-"«'• 'ook „as- 
 
 -:^~:h^ls;jt:;!;r-r---^- 
 
lii 
 
 I 
 
 ir;M 
 
 1 1 
 
 4:M JI I story 01' MKTIIOVISM 
 
 of Ajiiil, WH'Jirv (if (lie wrcMclicd ;icc(iiiiin(»(l;il ioii oC tlic 
 vi'SM'l. 1:iiiiKmI lu'iii' midiiiii,'!)! a! llalitax, toMH'k a lot iii!;-- 
 placi' on sliorc. A tVioiidly li-iiido directed liini 1<> his 
 tir^L iioiin' ill X<)\a Scolin. at the hoiiM' ol' II ii^'li lie!!. 
 The Nouiii;" missionary had asked hiiii>elt" as hea]>)»ri;aidie(l 
 the coast. 'What i-ectiption >liall I meet with? AVill 
 the\' receive me kindly, oi- will tlu'V frown upon my 
 \-oiitli and inexpei-ience ?■ Duriiii;' thecoui'x.' of a few 
 (hiys s|)(,'iit ill Halifax his (|iie.>tioiiinus lecived a happy 
 solution. Xeai'ly twenty years lati'i'. when l l•ansci■i^in;J; 
 1 lie eaiTiei' portion of lii> joiii'iial. iti his study at (j>iU'hec. 
 he wrote, • Laii^'iiau'c fails to ile>crihe the airecli(jii and 
 kimlness with "'Inch 1 was received hy the (lear friends 
 at Halifax. The very nauu' aud locality of the place 
 convex' a (diarm more jiowerlul than music to my heart , 
 Suhse(pienlly, tlu' whole pi'oviiice hecanie dee])ly i-n- 
 "•raved on the tahlet of mv u'raleful rememhrance.' 
 
 In company with Pi'iestley. he ])roceeded to (iranville, 
 where t he ( 'oiifci^Mice of ISVJ was to take ])lace early in 
 .Iiiiie. Croscomhe. whose hoyish appearaiu-e attracted 
 much allentioii. ])rea(die(l several times l»y tjie way. 1'ho 
 customs of the countrv were new to him. and sometimes 
 pei'plexed him. At Kalmouth he prea(du'd liy rei^iu'st. 
 lortlu> liaptistsand Xewli.u'hts. whose novel i-ecou-nitiou 
 of his services was i;-ratcfuily romcmhored hy him. when 
 the cuslom wdii(di exciteil his k'indly regard was no 
 lon^'Ci" ])racticed. • Al'ter service was concluded.' lie 
 says, ' I suw a tall younii; man ii'oini;" aroinid iVom Neat 
 to scut withaliat in his hand, and hye-and-hye he hrouu-hl 
 the contents to me. amounting!: as 1 atterwards found to 
 somcMJiiiiij:; moic than thirty sliillinn's. I seriously 
 ohiected to takin^^' it, as I had expected no .such tiling'. 
 It was in vain that I ()l)iected. I was iirL<ed to it hyllic 
 considei'atiou that I was a stningei', and should soon 
 
11 (){' llic 
 
 n I < > his 
 ii^-h IJclI. 
 
 ))l(KU*llf(l 
 
 ? AVill 
 ij)()ii my 
 
 of il few 
 
 ;t li!i|)py 
 
 iiscriiiiiiL;* 
 
 I ((>lU'lil'C. 
 
 lion ainl 
 V iVinids 
 the jilaco 
 n\" liciui. 
 :e])ly ni- 
 ce/ 
 
 Irain'illc, 
 ,' early in 
 atti'achMl 
 \ay. Tlic 
 )ino!inH's 
 \' i'e(|iiest 
 cnn-nitiou 
 iia. wlu'ii 
 
 was no 
 uknl,' he 
 roni ^-eal; 
 o' hrouu'hl 
 
 found 1(> 
 set'iously 
 ell Ihin^^', 
 
 it hy the 
 'uM soon 
 
 "'' ^ ''ir;;;,:;:; •''^- '■•- "' -■■• 
 
 \\niioin morifv \f,. I) ■ 
 
 
 ^■^'•VM.asonahle,vh-er Tl.l '""" '"'""''' ^" '"' a 
 
 •""" '".^^'"vctha, poonh>., ^'•'^''••''^v.-iys .,,v,ined a 
 
 ''-■^■'^<.•<^il>ossih;;!: "'"'"^^'''-'i-sin^,,, ^.;; 
 
 III" yoiii|,|„| 
 
 •■'■''I ^-'""J :™.,.^,," ,■':"'"' "''l''''-^^'' '■^1" 
 
 r-''"-'- 'Tiu- it ;:::.' ;::'':'■'''"■' '"•"■.■.^;:;::. 
 
 "■'■^'■"-'- '"■ <i.. i.,„,i. „.. „,;"'"'" '"■ 
 
 ' 1 "- ^^ n( Uiso 111IIC :, I. 
 
 .' """I was much 
 
 '".■.nv„ill,,,„.„,„,,,., ' 'l"";'--'l I IWiov. „,„ 
 '■'■'''''•'"'^■-'K.Confe,.,,,, ■'■"""■'/' ""■I — I 
 
 ■^"■™''"iy.,r,iK.w,.v..,. ,■■"'"■'■'' ''''■■^'•■'''■"'-. 
 
 ''^'''''■•-'■|"-u.P"m,.H.,, ,?'':'■'''■''';■■ ''''■-■■■ v"i...ii,, 
 
 11 
 
 
 :ive Ij 
 
 <'l'(oil. /) 
 
 H' east ino- vol,, i,, /; 
 
 I'e. 
 
 H'l 
 
 'Woi 
 
 nil('iv»s( has I 
 
 n-or 
 
 I (o (1 
 
 II 
 
 eeioe 
 
 Iv ( 
 
 yea I- .1.812-1; 
 
 >^' (^iod within tl 
 
 '^' (.V)nfbi 
 
 'een IH'coivhvJ 
 
 "'ion. 
 
 rr 
 
 I'e 
 
 ^f-'ti'dly had tl 
 
 ^'"<'<' I i /nils. ,1 
 
 I"'<'""",i4-(hc 
 
 that 
 
 =|u'efivo circuits, m] 
 
 K' mini.Ktcj. 
 
 nnni;- iJh, 
 
 (> 
 
 " "'<. istJi or.Ti 
 
 H'li Jiews jvaciicd tiie I 
 
 "■'•ive(i in (} 
 
 '.V'lio United 8tHt 
 
 "'^' wacJiad hern / 
 
 <{iicnce,s of the J 
 
 t^^JJ^amst Great Ih-it 
 
 u-iv 
 ''■('N'inccs 
 ^'■"i-'J'.v deel.-uvd 
 
 .]^ 
 
 '''"t'^% WJlich JKld 
 
 ^'"g- continue/l M-ar I 
 
 Ull. 
 
 Tl 
 
 »otw 
 
 '^' Conse- 
 
 co 
 
 ^'oncliided bet 
 
 •^ooii siiceeed tJ 
 
 hoi 
 
 n of a very 
 
 ^voon those riat 
 
 le 
 
 pufch 
 
 " f'»,i^-land and 
 
 cd-u]j |K'; 
 
 SOI 
 
 'ous chara€(oi'. Th 
 
 ^'^"•^ '" 1801, Jutd al 
 
 ^' trade bet 
 
 'oa* 
 
 ;ce 
 'J 
 
 ween the 
 
? ■^ ■. -i 
 
 Pi-ovinccs and tlio West Indios had bi'cii almost annihi- 
 lated ; and iivany of the suai'arin<i; men wore dead, ov 
 hin;4'iiishing in ibrei,ii;n prisons, leavini^ tiieir I'aniilie.-* 
 dependent u.jH)n ]»iihlie or private charity j while the 
 di-ead of impressment for the navy had driven many 
 away, and exerte<l a sad intliience upon the tishei'ies. 
 The commencement of a war, the severest Htriigi;-les of 
 which were likely to take place on the coast of the Pro- 
 vinces; with the excitement of privateering, the presence 
 of ships of war, and freij^uent arrival of prizes ; and the 
 demand for all that the country could produce in the 
 .diapc of supplies, \/as adverse to progress of a religious 
 character. Yet earnest labor was not wholly in vain.. 
 At Ilorton, where the people, long deprived of a regular 
 ministry, gave Croscombe a hearty welcome, that ear- 
 nest minister saw much to encourage his heart. At 
 Newport and Windsor, then included in the? Ilorton Cir- 
 cuit, some valuable results were attained.. The church 
 at the former place was composed almost wholly of per- 
 sons of ' some experierice,' among whom the itinerant 
 found himself 'much at bomCr' ' To my latest houi's,' he 
 wrote many years later, ' the names of Allison, Lock- 
 liart, Smith and Shaw, will recall to my recollection 
 some of my most happy, happy hours.' The unfinished 
 church, erected in the outskirts of the village of Windsor 
 at the close of the Conference of 1'792, had been deserted 
 by bis predecessor, Priestley, \vho had preached in the 
 Presbyterian church. Convinced that, in the absence of 
 a place of worship in the village, all his efforts to ad- 
 vance the interests of the work committed to him must 
 be fruitless, Croscombe secured the necessary means by 
 personal appeal, and then removed the building to the 
 spot where it continued to stand, until supersed by the 
 present church. An improvement in the congregations 
 soon rewarded his efforts. 
 
ly Tim LOWER PROYJKrFS. 4Tt 
 
 id, or 
 
 muny 
 
 i;\cs of 
 
 oscucc 
 ud the 
 in lUc 
 3li}j;u)us 
 n vain. 
 
 iuvt car- 
 rt. At 
 •ton Cir- 
 churcli 
 of pcr- 
 tinenmt 
 lours,' ho- 
 , liock- 
 lollection 
 tinished 
 [Windsor 
 deserted 
 in the 
 iscnce of 
 Its to ad- 
 ,iin must 
 .cans by 
 Ig to the 
 id by the- 
 •Ggatioii& 
 
 Little im])rov'omont had boon nia(U' in Prince Kdwnrd 
 Island, under tlio niinislry of, lames Hnlpit. The lailure 
 of tlu' Missionaiy Comrnitloe torecnll iiiiu at tlie close of 
 the stijtnhite<l ])ei-i(>(l of three yeai's liad caused di>- 
 satist'action (vn his ]>art ; and the suhscqiicnt ^ift of half 
 of a town lot, on which he had built a (Kvellinjjr, ma Ic hi\n 
 dcisirons to fivoirl snch connexion with the Pi-ovincial 
 ContereNCO as would i-cndci" hini liable to removal to the 
 circuits on the mainland, lie took no notice of the ar- 
 rani;-ements for the Conferences, of which his hivthivn 
 ve;ir bv vear ke))t him informed ; and maintiiined, virtual- 
 ly, the position of an indej)endcnt ministei', as he to some 
 extent ha<l done in Xewfoundland. 'i'umors from time to 
 time reached his brethi'en in the other ])r()vinces, which 
 led them to fear the renewal of the habit which had heen 
 
 developed in h 
 
 den{ 
 
 Th 
 
 j)revious colonial r 
 mors received contirmation iVom Kni;lish Methodists who 
 reached the island in bSlO. Under such circumstances, 
 it is not stranLce that a nominal i-oliirn of iifty memhei-s 
 a]")])eared in the Minutes tor a succession of yeai's, 
 The presence of occasional visitors cheered the little 
 band of members who still ])laced a high estimate u])on 
 those social means of grace, concei-ning which their pas- 
 tor s])oke lightly. John IJlack, of >iiver Philip, visited 
 the island in the spring of 1810, on business, and preached 
 several times to overtic/wing congregations. In the 
 autumn of the same year, James Knowlan, then station- 
 ed at Cumberland, ci'ossed the Straits, and spent two or 
 three weeks at Charlottetow^n and elsewhere. 
 
 The Conference of 1813 was held at Halifax, earl 3' in 
 Juno.. The business was ti*ansacted in great harmony 
 The holy calm and peace of the Conference Sabbath were 
 lessened by the excitement attending the arrival of II. M. 
 .Ship Shaunon.after a bloody contest with the United States 
 
4:iS 
 
 inSTOHY OF MKTIfOP/SAr 
 
 I"'i'in"atc ( Mu'siipruUc. wliicli V('>scl u(i*()in|tuiik'(l h-^;!" as ii 
 pri/A!. A visit on the rollovvinif (\i[y to the hittt^i" vi^sscl, 
 wliui'u C'a|ttaiii Lawi'oiict' and several of his olHc(_fs and 
 sc'vciil y ol' his men had hi'eii kilU-d, and wliei'e several 
 othefofficei'saiid liearlx' a himdivd iiu'ii hiy uoiinded, deep- 
 ly impressed the miMi>tei's with lh<' hoi-rors <>!' war. At 
 this ('(Md'ereikce liiehard Arnistroiii;', a new laiiorei-, was 
 roceiveil on probation, and sent to Slielliel<l. lOU'ven 
 hundred and ei^hty-tw(» members were i'ej)orted from the 
 dilfercnt circuits; and yet, in spite of a small ineivase in 
 the memhei'shii), the s|)iritual j'(|)()rts were not of the 
 most satisi'aelory charaeter. Xot a few lamented the 
 • j)revailiuti; detection of faith, and love, und zeal,' of 
 which J^lack complained io Coke, in a letter written a 
 few days ufter the preachers had left ILalilax for th.cir 
 •allotted lieUls ol" toil. 
 
 lii 
 
 iit 
 
 o~' ■ lOg -^ 'lt-' ■"'a - 
 
ClIAPTIvU XVI, 
 
 MirnioDrsM ix hkrmuda, from tiik 
 
 AKIMVAI. OF 
 
 .lOllN STIOIMIFNSOX IN IT'.C), TO HIS DHFAU 
 Tl'KF IX I SOL'. 
 
 llriff (li'sci-ijttioii of IUthukIh. I',;ii'Iy rdii^ious history. Ucrkclry' 
 
 iiitciidi'd collc'^'. N'isit, of Wliiti'tit'ld. 
 
 Dunciin McColl. 
 
 Ciiptaiii Tnivisr. Shivery. (^orresixiiKK'nci' of I-Jioch Miit>on 
 ami ('iiptaiii Mackii' with Dr. ("oke, rcsprctinif ii .Missionary. 
 AjipointiiK'nt of ilohii Strphi'iisoii. I'm'Xpi'cti'd ofler of a pa.-*- 
 sajjo. I'ri'judici- of Brrimidiaiis ai^aiiist Sti'jjlu'usoii. I'rospia-t 
 of siu'ci'ss. Thi' u:atii(.'riii'^f (doiKh Stephenson suMininiu'il l»e- 
 forc a ma,u:istrate for i)reachin,Lr in the liouse of a niuhitto. I'as- 
 fiix'^c of a IJill liy tlie Li'nislatiire to jjrevent liim from prt'aeliiiiir. 
 Insolent treatment of tlie (rovernor. Arrest of Stephenson and 
 Peter Pallas. Trial of Stephenson. Al)le di-feiiee of listen. 
 Conviction and imprisonment of Stejihenson. Otler of a release 
 on dishonorable conditions declined. Prosecution of Pallas. 
 Close of Stephenson's term of imprisonment. I lis return to 
 Ireland, and rutirenient from the active ministry. His death. 
 
 At :i (listaiuo of'iiciu'ly eii;'lit hundred miles, diivetly 
 south from Xova Scotia, lie the Hermiidas, oi* S()iiu'i'>" 
 Jshiixis. Tiie gi'ou|) oecuj)ies an isolated j)o>ition in the 
 Western Atlantic. Ffom (^ipe iJattei'as, the ncaiol 
 ])oint of the North American coast, they tii'e distant up- 
 wards of six hundi'cd miles ; while the distance hetwecn 
 them and (Ji-eat Ahaco, in the iiahamas, (he most Xoi'lh- 
 oi'ii island of the West Indian ,i;tou|), is upwards ot' 
 thi'ee hundred and titty nuUvs. The islands are formed 
 liy the rugejed summit of a mountain which rises ahru[)t- 
 ly from the depths of the ocean. Ordinary .soundino-s 
 are lost at a short distance from the shore, except in ti 
 southwesterly direction. I'he ])eak which constitutes 
 the Bermudjis, arrives at the water level in the shajie of 
 an irregular oval, ahout twenty-eight miles in length, 
 and about fourteen miles long, and at its broadest part 
 
440 
 
 HI STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 ■ It ; 
 
 .1 (!: n 
 
 thvee und a hair miles wide. A ])urt of the cireiiinfer- 
 eiice indicated eousists of an irretadar, sli'airu'lin<>-, cliain 
 of I'ocdvs, some of which are dry at low water. ^ The IUm-- 
 mudas, in consequence of the reefs which protect iliem, 
 and (lie storms |)eculiar to Ihe Gulf Stream, wliieh ])ass- 
 es near tlieni vvere for a long pei'iod an ohject of diead 
 to mariners, Avduse imagination invested them witli the 
 preserce of s',ij)ernatural beings, of malignant intluonce. 
 
 Eernmda, j>s the islands collectively are calK-d, is 
 host known in Ihitain as a militai-y fortress, on a\ liicli 
 immense sums of the national income have heen sjn-nt. 
 The beauty of the islands, better known in the United 
 Slates, and in tin; Canadian Domiinon, where ihev are 
 regarded as a liealthful resort for invalids, is j)r(»\"erbial. 
 Witliout moui. tains or rivc.s, thei-e is an absence of mag- 
 nitieence in the sceneiy, but in a ([uiet style of lu-auty 
 they are uni(iue. The commingling of land and watei-. as 
 seen from the moi'e ])rominent hills; the almost mai'vel- 
 lous elearne^'s of the blue waters Avhich wash the shores 
 of the mimerous islands; the vegetatioti, belonging to 
 the torrid, radu;!' than to the tempei-ate zone; ami iho 
 in'ofusion, at all sea -ons, of foliage and flowers of rare 
 beaut\'. will lead the lover )f the beautiful, as he u,'azes 
 upon their lieauty with I'evei'ent s])ii'it, to ihirik" or' the 
 IJerjnudas as Chahners thought of his favorite Scottish 
 lake, when he wrote, ' Will there be a Loch Lomcnid in 
 heaven T 
 
 Bermuda was settled by the Knglish, very early in 
 the seventeenth century. The early colonists took out 
 with them Episcopal cha])lain' . Soon after their arri- 
 val, they drew up and subscribe<l an Jigroement, by whicli 
 they bound themselves to stand in defence of the Church 
 
 I ' Bornnida as it is,' by Edward Jaiues, late Survc; or General 
 .of the Bermuda Islands, 18G7. 
 
IN BERMUDA. 
 
 AW 
 
 uinfev- 
 , chain 
 u' IVr- 
 L tlioni, 
 \\ ])ass- 
 r (Irciul 
 ilh the 
 
 itluOlK'O. 
 
 aIU-.I. is 
 11 Avhieh 
 u spout. 
 ; United 
 ihoy arc 
 
 •oVOt'hi'^l' 
 
 e of nui.u-- 
 )f l.oauty 
 \vatc!\ as 
 
 t niarvt 
 
 '1- 
 
 •n^u'.u' 
 
 |1k' slioves 
 
 to 
 
 :iu'l iho 
 
 , oi' rare 
 
 be ira/'cs 
 
 UlU 
 
 ol 
 
 10 
 
 Scot 
 
 tl 
 ti>li 
 
 loniont 
 
 1 in 
 
 ca 
 
 rlv in 
 
 tool 
 
 out. 
 
 boil' arri- 
 
 )V \\ 
 
 liieh 
 (Muirch 
 
 1 orGi.'U*.'i''il 
 
 of Enti'laiid, ai;'ainst ' all Ileretikes and Scclarios w'nni so- 
 
 ever, dissenting: from tlio said word and faith 
 
 :\i 
 
 IS- 
 
 conduct on tjie nai'l of the idiai)huiis intcrfeivd with tl 
 
 1 
 fdlfilment of that iiai 
 
 le 
 
 ])ar]iose, an 
 
 1 of 
 
 some 
 
 otl 
 
 HM'S. Ol a IlKH'C 
 
 liraisewoi'thy eharacter. ]ies})eetin_<;' the misconduct of 
 
 less in the «lisch.ai'L;'c of 
 
 the elei", 
 
 and thcii- cai'clessi 
 
 ministerial duties amoni;" this isolated peo])Ic. the (lovci'ii- 
 
 o]-s of the Plantation, and the historian of the I'ljtiscopid 
 
 Chui'ch in the Colonies, hear no ujicc.'tain totiniony. 
 
 At the elose of the ei\"il war which placed Crofiwell 
 
 at the head of the l"Jii;'li.-h i;'overinnent, several of the 
 
 West Indian islands furnished asylums tor the defeated 
 
 loyalists. Some of these also i-e.'iehed Rernunh;. Afout 
 
 the same time several ol' their o])])onen{s fouinl tlieii' 
 
 way to the ishind, wdueh Andrew Marvell, in ver>e ol 
 
 exquisite beauty, calls the 
 
 ' Isle .so loHLT unknown, 
 And yet far kinder than our own, 
 Safe from the storm, and prelates' rage.' 
 
 The ])resonee of tiiese rival ])arties did not tend ti> the 
 ])roinotion of ] oaee. The residence, in tlie island^, of ;wo 
 men of note in the Xoneonformist ndinstry. ?sic!:i>las 
 Leverton and John (,)xenbri<ige. ])re|)ari's us for the le- 
 port of the authorities ot the islands to a Committee ot' tlu; 
 Privy Council in 1(!T0, that the mimber of Konconl'oi'iri- 
 ists so larexeeeded that of the ad herein s (tf the Miii>copal 
 Church, that 'the inlluenee ol' the latter wa-^ ne;irly 
 annihilated.' Aecordinu' to that re]V)rt. 'two-thii-d- ol' 
 the inhabitants were Presliyterians ; ot' the remainder, 
 several were ]nde[)endents. Anabaptists, and (,>nak-ers ; 
 and the eh^'ir}' of the ( 'hureh. who still liiie-ercd, were 
 eitlier rebeh; au'aiust her auth(»rit\', or defeelive and re- 
 luetanl observers of it.' '' 
 
 - Anderson's ' Historv of the Church in the Colonies,' vol. 1, 
 p. 300. 
 
 ■"I lb. vol. 2, p. 333. 
 
r' 
 
 it ! ■! 
 
 442 
 
 inSTORY OF METIIODJS.U 
 
 The ;i^c('ii(laii(.'y in imiulHii's ihiis lost liy the Mpisc.)- 
 ]ial ('liiii'cli, was, ill all jii-ohahility. only rcL^-aiiiC!! tlii'ouij,'li 
 llic I'lioiis of the 'Society for iIk- I'l'ojia^'atioii of tlio 
 (iospcl ill I"'oi'(.Mi;-ii Pai'ts,' whicli rccoivc I ils cliartci" in 
 IT"". I):'. IJray, ill his iiiciiiorial. written in that year, 
 elates that ihere was then in the islaml hut one l"]|)is- 
 copal elei'i;'yiiian, who harely Mih-islel. while three 
 others were lu'eded. Tpon the foi'inalion of the Soeiet}', 
 Jienniida at oiiee heeanie an iinportant ohjeet of its 
 peculiar care. 
 
 Ahoiit twenty-tive years later, the attention of tlio 
 i'elii;ious puiilie of ih-itaiii was direeted to lierinu'la. in 
 eoiise'(| ueiiee oft heseheine of(feori;"e l^erk'eley — i hen I )eaii 
 of J)err\', and afterwards ijishop of ('loyue — for the t'stah- 
 li--hiiient of a eollen'e in tlie islands, at wlii(d\ yoiiiiL;' men 
 helon^inj," lo Aineriea niii;'ht he t raineil to i;'o forth a> niis- 
 .sioiiarics ainoiii;' the settlers and the natives of the Aiiie- 
 riean eontinent. While tliisseheine. pi-oposed in 1725 by 
 JJerheley. led him 1o he look'ed upon as a hrain-sielc visi- 
 onary hy soiin', and to he made a hiitt for llieir ridieiile, 
 hy othei's. his aets showed liim to he at least thorou<j,-hly 
 in earnest. J^ar^'e sums lia\-ing lieen suhserihed in aid 
 of the |)ro|)osed eollen'e hy private individuals, and still 
 larger sums luiviuu; been promised i>y the British (iovern- 
 rnent, P)erkeley rosio'ued a valuable livini^' and embarked 
 lor I he new world, to laireiiase lands for the inteiuled eol- 
 leu'e, and to make arran,<;-emeiits for its foiiiKhitioii. 
 Having;- landed lit Newport, llhode island, he j'emained 
 there two years, awaiting the t'ullilmeiit of the promises 
 made by the l»ritish (ioverinnent. At last, Dr. (lilison, 
 Bishop o;' London, sueeeeded in obtaining an interview 
 with Walpole, the Prime Minister, and in elieiting a 
 dotinite answer to Berkeley's (juestioii res])oetirig the |>ay- 
 luent of the twenty thousand pounds promised him in 
 
^^' liJiiaiVDA. 
 
 •'^vo„,..K.,,„,^J ' - l'"t.- Ik. ...,|,|., 
 
 '"-"■-. >v.«ia-„ni .,/"■"•"' '"i''''-''-''i"'-- Tl,i, 
 
 **'«■'" ■"■>ik. ish„„i ,„;^ ^' """"'" '■■'■«l-'nulu,-, I , ,, 
 
 ;^l'"Hold lo„ „„. .V,,,,, ' '' ; "^^ ^•"■n.-'to, (;..,„.„.„ 
 '«f """0 p,.eac.,Hn t,, : .:^^^^^^^^ 
 
 *« 7^t, Indies. ej,,^:r.o :;:;;:/;•■'"';'■ '^-••■-'-■ 
 
 th 
 
 pi 
 
 n 
 
 and 
 
 ^>^"«t. Geo] 
 
 as.s 
 
 rs 
 
 iiunil)orof 
 
 
 ■^t?s, invito.! J,i,n tod 
 
 i"n at tiio Town 
 
 lis <»•( 
 
 "lo at hi 
 
 ""i-^^'''i. SovGvnl 
 
 ^ J"esid(>, 
 
 i'ontl 
 
 ^\'ole(>niod iiini to (| 
 
 <>!■ (ho 
 
 ICO, 
 
 iiioni- 
 
 .^ "A ine i_To,s|((.j 
 
 ^'"iaiiopenodthoir J 
 
 ^P^'»t h' Imn in 1} 
 •equently in all tl 
 
 I) 
 
 lu-ino- tJi(> ( 
 
 i 
 
 oft 
 
 '^''■"•"-lahowasnotidlo U 
 '^ l»-'nshos, an<l 
 
 '^'"' lionios, and 
 '^' ()roach- 
 
 K'USOS foi' tJ 
 
 a 
 
 ^'Jl Of (ux-l 
 
 *'l>''ea('ho(( 
 
 ;"^^« *'^^ p'^'pit onr,. J.;, *'"; ;":""'''^^'' - -nnnin.,. 
 
 iiiiJiisloi- at ^V 
 
 his ill 
 
 llO.Sf 
 
 'i''\viok. wl 
 
 'ind aftui-wai'ds b 
 
 ">^<' eldo.st .son J 
 
 i^i'^o |)rcacli(xi in the ( 
 
 inod. On t 
 
 ' '-^"' i^'-oslo'toi-ian 
 '^'^''•^iU'dd,,,,-,,,, 
 
 ^>P^^^ ai. to congfogution. 
 
 \v'o oooasion.s J 
 
 lO 
 
 ^i' nearly 
 
lii 
 
 'lilt 
 
 liiiiWSl 
 
 , , 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 ■Ijl^H^ 
 
 fcj 
 
 METHODISM 
 
 fiftefn hundred persons, many of whom were slaves. ITc 
 was 1 rented as a brother hy Mr. Haliday, the Kpisc<)])al 
 minister at Spanish Point, who, befbi-e the Gf)voriior's 
 insti'uctions rcs])ectini]^ the ehiirehes had been made 
 publie, had opened two of them for him. AVhitctield 
 pi'euehed his farewell sermon in the Presbyterian 
 church at Warwick, on Sabhatli, May 15th, and at tlie 
 ch)se of that day wi'olc in his journal, ' Siu-ely a u'rcat 
 worlv is bci^un in some souls at the Bermudas. Carry 
 it on. O Lord ! and if it be thy will, send mc to this 
 dear people again.' Detained in the islands a little long- 
 er, by the uncertain movements of a sailing-vessel, he 
 .im])r()vcd to the utmost the additional days. ' 1 have 
 conversed,' he wrote, in summing up his work in the 
 islands, 'with souls loaded with a sense of their sins, 
 and. as far as I can judge, really pricked to the heart. 
 -jfj :i< * * Indeed, the tields ai-e white, ready unto 
 the harvest, God has been pleased to bless ju'ivatc 
 visits. Go where I will, upon the least notice, houses 
 are crowded, and the poor S(juls that follow an? soon dis- 
 solved in tears. * * -f^ ^ Abundance of prayers and 
 ble-^sings were put up fbi- my safe passage to England, 
 and speedy return to Bei'miida. * * * Thanks be to 
 the Lord tor sendini:: me hithei'. I have been j'eceived 
 in a manner I dai-ed not expect, and have met with 
 little, very little opposition, indeed.' At his departure, 
 the inhabitants gave tangible proof of their attachment 
 by loading him with provisions, and by presenting him 
 with a voluntary contribution of more tlian one hundred 
 pounds sterling for his Orphan House. 'I heai'.' he 
 wrote, 'that what was given, was given exceedingly 
 heartily, and people oidy lamented that they could do 
 no more.' "* 
 
 < Philip's ' Life and Times of Whiteficld. 
 
IN BERMUDA 
 
 mini,tt''t'.,;;:;7;;:,;;;';;-' ";/^-™u,in, „o,. .,,■,, .,„, 
 
 1;;;; "^•""-■^ -""- »iuio n.;^ ;• r;: j;;r''^' """•""' 
 
 of l.ii-,„css, were m,t for,,etf»l of. , , ' "" '""i'-^fs 
 f^-'*-- Gospel ,.,„,„ all t,o ,,'"?■;''""■''"''■"-' 
 
 iimh,,.,l eiiclp. A ' '-clwon alive in ,.,.,.,.'r 
 
 Limo.,. Amontc the (In-,... i , , '""am 
 
 «•!." reaehcl St. Gc„,..'o', i,/^!; '",""''■'-■'' l«'««..«..,..s 
 
 '■<.a,t ,„• Xova^So, ' ' ,; r'""'""' "■"' ^"v«n <Vo,„ , o 
 ile<;.ll, wi.oaf,on™ , I.; ,,;:?;-^^ "-'". -^ I'.aK.ar 
 « ••^'. .Ste,,he„, ^. B, .V cr :7"'f '" »'■ •^'^•"""''-> 
 iwn-ei-ted, held his |,o-.«.ti„ ' l"*-'^-'"n«ly l-eon 
 
 to h's fcllow-pa«son.,o,-s .,?'''"•"■>' '» »l'«.l-- publieh- 
 -V--a Scotia 'cvcat;;..; s':;^-::'-^ TT '"^ "- '" 
 ««; V. hi., addressee i , Be,™,, ■/ T " ""■'"■ «"">«'- 
 « '*iicve that l/eColl's wo" • ^''"'•'' '^ '"•^° "■.■.->n 
 
 qua,r,t old town, to which 4il ." ' '.f"''^'"-^ »'' "'« 
 dnven by the tetnpost i, ="'"** '"•'' "•'". ho had hce„ 
 
 «• >W. U^, ,evo,-al ti,„e: ;!^ '''"^■^"""""'•"-'■■■'"oc 
 
 P^y,,.,. and exho,.tation. The offoH^ .^' '""'''"•f^ '»'• 
 
 a.n met with the api„.ohat2I„ ff "'" '-^"'""^ oap. 
 
 «i-'-. ac hi. moctingiVound rhllrnr'' "''" ''" ''"""- 
 
 ^e<s;:;thet:,r .tr:;:,^^^^^^^ -- '-oo., or 
 
 <l-e advantage of the A ,' iel! ti T' ,°," ""'«'•"'"'<' of 
 "pon the subject of .lav .y a^./^jf I"" 'gh"y, if at all, 
 
 -^™---.thi.,4tre::xt?:L: 
 
'pr" 
 
 d 
 
 f 
 
 
 uo nisTon'Y of metiiovism 
 
 oi' ]ioi'lia]>^. nioi'othan all otlici's cotnliinccl. Ims ]^i'('V(Mito<l 
 llic Li'i'MWtli of irospt'l iiifliU'iU'Cs ill those lit'ainirul isl.-iiuU. 
 Tlic;**' is iroo'l i-cason t(i liclii'vc lliat tlic I'datioiis lictwccn 
 the master ami tlio shixc in IJenniula \\(.'i'e of a iini<-li 
 Mioi'e U'iii'liy f'liaraetei' than in Ihe West Indie-;. thcNCfV 
 11 Mil If.' ofwliic-h tilled ilie mind oft he PxM'inndian slave wit h 
 ^Iread; hut everywhei'e the slave-owner has heeii found 
 to look with a Jealous eye ujion the sliii'htest etVort to 
 enliirhleii the human heiims whom human law ]ia<l un- 
 justly placed amonu" hi^ ' Li'oods and (diattel>-.' Infai-t, 
 the slavc-<^»wiiei-. as a rule, att'eeted to deny their 
 riiilit to be reii'arded as human heiiiL^'s. Tli-ev were; (»nly 
 I'^hH'mcd l>y him aeeordin^' to the streiiii'th of their 
 limli>. or tJM" v;di;e of their lahors. 
 
 The <'vil re>ults of slavery wtM-e of a two-fold (diarae- 
 ler. .]ame> Montu'oinery has iHMnarked that 'a man 
 ■jiiii-t lie destroved. iiefoi'e he can immei'Li'O into a sl;i\e. 
 'I'iie mas'- off ie'j.-raded. demoralized. neLcleete(l. manhood, 
 v>li;(di >urj'<iiuided the owners and tlieii' families, exei'ie I 
 upon theiii. ill tui-n. a sail iniluenci'. Sironi;' faith, (tt the 
 eharaetor which lauu'hs at impo>>i!iililies. was re'|uii'.'d 
 hv thuso. who. ret.-ou'ni/.iiii;" in this mass of deu'raded men 
 s'Hi!> )'»]• wliom ("lirist died, \vent down anionn' 
 lliem. ill delianee of ;dl oppo^inu' intlueiiees. to I'ai.-c 
 (hem to the >tature of men. When men had heen found 
 to maketlie etl'ort. and their influeiiee. weak at the tir>t, 
 had heeomo s«^» stronu' as to lead the Ih'itish u'overnment 
 lohroak tlic bond- of the slaves throughout their colonies, 
 an eminent I>ermudian wrot(\ ' ira])py Imd it heen for 
 I he~e favoicd i>h'>. iavored in (dimate. and most att raeti\c 
 in heautv. it' ilie t'»ot of slaver\' had never stalked over 
 tiie lainl, A> mercy is said to he twice hiessed. so sia- 
 vei'V is twice cursed — a curse to the master, an<l a cur-o 
 to tiie slave,' ^ 
 
 •' James Christie Eston, Esq., ll.p. 
 
tl'OVCtltOil. 
 
 i! isl.'jiuU, 
 
 t' .'I llllicll 
 
 (lie \-('i'y 
 
 hive with 
 
 Til foiiiid 
 
 elTort to 
 
 V liad 1111- 
 
 III thi't, 
 
 iiy llicir 
 
 rci'c! only 
 
 of ilicii' 
 
 1 cliMrac- 
 • a iiiaii 
 a sla\('. 
 iianlioD'l, 
 
 N t'\(,MiOil 
 
 ill. ot ilic 
 
 ro(]iiii>c(l 
 
 liU'd iiicii 
 
 aniniio* 
 
 to i'ai>c 
 
 oil t'oiiiid 
 
 the hr.-t, 
 
 ■oninu'iit 
 
 C'ohiiii(>s, 
 
 been ioc 
 
 ttraetivc 
 
 kod (>\ov 
 
 <1. so sia- 
 
 1 a en;'-o 
 
 147 
 
 "•ii ( 'oj,,(. 
 
 ;'--. 'n::;.::,:'';:.:rtr':' ■- ™--.>- <■,.,,., 
 
 ■■■M in v:,,„..,w,;.,,,-,/,;:;;y-'';-v..H, .,,,-,. 
 
 '"■""^1-- II.- ,,.;;' '■'■ •'•■""■-,,„,, 
 
 :';:;:'^'v::- ';?•-'"-'' -":::'''-'iC 
 
 '■"^•''"•hci' ju;,,j,, I.. ,, "'• "'«•" a ...Hnl ;,,,,• . 
 
 ^'•■'- ■^. i^ .iivi:!H ;; ;r:;:" ■■!'-^- ^i-. ..i.,,;,, 
 
 'I- li'llrl 
 
 ion. 
 
 """ ■ ^ .in;: :::;;.:;::,':•:,'"-'.....:,,:.,..,.,, 
 
 'II. and ( 
 
 MIC ,,,• ,j 
 
 "''" i-^ ;i 
 
 "I- '-''---.odnM^ ::::::■.','''-;;- ^'''-^''i. 
 
 "^'^'^•-'-'.-Mn.:vnio.,;\7''''''''^'' '-'■•- .nd,h. 
 
 . ' ^^'"ivoi ihcniiiiiMrv .M,! I :"•''''"'• ■"'h... 
 
 ^" "'"*'^""'l-irnh ,ha, hee.; '"""" '•""-'"" ion is 
 
 ^\'(Mild l,^. i- 
 
 -Ma I son s I 
 
 a 11(11 \- 
 
 {IKl 
 
 "•"Mi,> uial 
 
 '0<HM\(.(j I 
 
 '"■*''"',^-- . !hinh 
 
 IIV. 
 
 y ii 
 
 a ii.'i- 
 
 l'i'ii( 
 
 Kivoi'ah 
 
 I'CCC 
 
 Ml, 
 
 l"'"^i;ion oT ( 
 
 • eiK ni; 
 
 "• Al 
 
 "■'"• |"-'n-ich,l 1 
 
 If \ 
 
 •ion;jr\' 
 
 I (' 
 
 l'';iiii Tra' 
 
 "■;cn( 
 
 ■"^'••ickjt. ;(d 
 
 i 
 
 <Uv| 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ''''' '"Wards Alctj 
 
 ■•■• .'Is a 
 
 MOO 
 
 <' In (/i 
 
 '■I- III 
 
 can 
 
 iiiarks (,fjj 
 
 ''.^' 'lofnini.-; I 
 
 '^'•'- })(■(•( l|;o> (j 
 
 ""llMll. ( 
 
 H' C.Vi 
 
 '"i -'Is a s( 
 
 <''i>cs ,,(d, 
 
 ij'i.a.ji 
 
 JIIO- 
 
 JK'Oj 
 
 OlJl, 
 
 "■'"'■■^'iip aiiionn. (J 
 
 raiin-,,,._ I j 
 
 «' )!i; 
 
 I ax- 
 
 le lie 
 
 <■ loiinij 
 
 places i i 
 
 |'J)ie; ni 
 
 <'a(. 
 
 "*" ^""' 'va<h and 
 
 ia\c \- 
 
 ore 
 
 '>ile(h }l 
 
 nan j: 
 
 ^"'"(•ation. And 
 
 -is to 
 
 '"••"•T '"'lon-ihcni I 
 
 "sr o! 
 
 '1 i, 
 
 \\i 
 
 I . . ( ! 
 
 Mlll^'inn-. (/ 
 
 .^.- ine\-a; 
 
 V 111 
 
 '''^■<''i;id a oc,,| 
 
I I 
 
 !■ !■' 
 
 448 
 
 JIISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 {)[ chmvh music, so that tlioro will lie very little troul)lc 
 to lead lliem to thi.s braiu'h of church worship. Should 
 yoii 1x3 instrumental in wjireadin.!,^ tlie (lospel throui^h 
 ihc-e islands, it will add lustre to that glorious crown 
 which is pro])arcd for all the faithlul servants of our 
 bloscd Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. ^ 
 
 Enoch !\Iatson, to whom reference was made hy the 
 naval (/tlicer, wrote about the same time to Dr. Coke, 
 upon the same subject. Mr. Matson was not a stranger 
 to the l)octor. He had entered the Methodist ministry 
 in x\\i: United States, \n ITS], Lut for I'casons which 
 have not been stated, Ids bi'ethrcn liad seen tit, seven 
 years later, to separate him from themselves. He soon 
 after visited Bermuda, and accepted a call to the ])as- 
 torate of the Presbyterian church at Warwick. During 
 a long residence in that parish, he sustained a good re- 
 putation' as a preacher, and a high character as a man. 
 It is said that the opposition awakened in his congregation 
 by his admission of the sexton of his church, a worthy 
 colored man, to the oidinance of tlie Lord's Supper, led 
 him to look upon the Methodists, as alone able to accom- 
 plish in Bermuda what they had accomplished by the 
 preaching of the Gospel to the slaves in the West 
 Indies. 
 
 The earlier letters of Mr. Matson and Captain Mackic 
 were lost in consequence of the capture, by the French, 
 of the vessel in which they had been sent. Captain 
 Mackic, on his arrival at Spithcad, in November, 1798, 
 rc-copied his letter, and sent it to Dr, Coke, with some ad- 
 ditional observations upon the necessity and importance 
 of the pi'oposed mission. In the meantime, Mr. Matson 
 had again written to the Doctor, who, from subsequent 
 cori-espondenco with him, had concluded to send a mis- 
 sionary to Bermuda as soon as possible. 
 
 6 Coke'8 ' ffietory of the West Indies,' Vol. 3, p. 235. 
 
lo trouhlo 
 
 Should 
 
 thi'oui^h 
 
 u.s crown 
 
 ts of our 
 
 .0 by (ho 
 Dr. Coke, 
 - strangci* 
 ministry 
 ns which 
 fit, seven 
 He soon 
 the ])as- 
 During 
 good re- 
 us a man. 
 j;rogation 
 a worthy 
 pper, led 
 to accom- 
 d by the 
 he West 
 
 n Mackic 
 
 French, 
 
 Captain 
 
 er, 1798, 
 
 some ad- 
 
 iportance 
 
 •. Matson 
 
 bsequent 
 
 nd a mis- 
 
 y. 
 
 '.'-'^"'.''« "■"■" J,„ ,,;,■:-'"■' ''-,=;■" r„s,.r„i. 
 
 '■'■■■';'"■ '■■"• <-.M-....,s I,, I V "■■■"""■"'<' '^■'•I'v'-'s 
 
 "■■"-;; ''o^,,i■™.,„■ . :;:'''''7''''''"'.-vM-,,,,- 
 
 "■^■^"■">-- 'f-"-,.,s„„„..,i„ .■'^^'"■"•■"'i.<"ii.v,.u„u„... 
 
 "'Pt«l S,o,,I,„,„„„,, „„..,, '»'>• JJ« there,';,,.. ,.|,,„„^,. „„_ 
 
 ^-;^-Theconducto e^Xr ?'''"" ''''-i-'<''* 
 
 ;^-f/mIies, and the lova^vo'"" 
 
 ^^'^^ Hng i„ several of thelshl/'" T^'''''' "'"^^''' ^'-m' 
 
 ^-t.h.ovcrnn.ontwith :;f''7;'''.n''^i'-^^ 
 
 ?7'^, and with their inCn,/'''^'''^ '''^^^^rofhodis, nn-s- 
 
 "'-^^^- J-'-Jy.n,eren^. V;r^''^'^''^^''-^''^^ 
 ^o^tOffi,,,,,,,.^^^ , .0.,.eSeere(a,y 
 
 ^'^at^ their .Lord> 
 
 .T; 
 
 imes L'ieha,-,] 
 
 "P^ had I 
 
 ^^f^'r to]),.. (<,,j^ 
 
 'OtMl 
 
 going as m 
 n\ bo; 
 
 soil 
 
 '"^f ^Ur. Jo! 
 
 e, liifi 
 I 'leased to 
 
 ai 
 
 ]v ( 
 
 iNNioiiai'ies to J, 
 
 '" ■"^''ojihen 
 
 J'^'i-fiiit 31 r 
 
 i(-'ad-monev. 
 
 t] 
 
 10 
 
 l>acket without 
 
 "naiea aiKJ [j 
 
 •'"'). Whr) 
 
 ''■"luda, ( 
 
 ire 
 
 ^Ht] 
 
 P''vnient o/'thelv 
 
 '> cin- 
 
 niii 
 
 Aid 
 tJ 
 
 1 a cortineato of { 
 
 ^'•'nan James of Dahi 
 
 lis oi-diuai 
 
 ^'•eagli, \Un 8 
 
 in. ()• 
 
 Jnentasam 
 
 oorotary of.Stat 
 
 ven by oi-d 
 
 ""^- aud a pass i 
 
 roiii 
 
 ;^^ssu,,a,ytoJ^ermnda,St 
 
 certityingh 
 
 <-''• of J.or<l ( 
 
 ;is- 
 
 o="''rmnon,i„„,;,j 
 
 IS a 
 
 Dre 
 
 AV 
 
 's ' Life of Co]. 
 
 <c. 
 
 J-itisJi 
 
 r-soo. 
 
 'V^ 
 
 Ppoint- 
 
 l'''icdvet for 3.' 
 
 lensonhift l)u/,| 
 
 ui 
 
 ""'^ ^'orJc, and 
 
r" 
 
 4:)0 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 ni'rivoil in tlint city on 1I10 I'illi of A|>n'l. There li<5 
 iviiiaiaed a lew 'lays, ])i'eaeliiii^' oeeasioiially, and ])rc- 
 ]'ai'iii_i;- ibr liis I'lii-tlu'r voyaii^e to JJenuiida. After a short 
 and pleasant Vf)ya,i;'e he reaehed his deslination on the 
 ]Uth ot'Mav. 
 
 Stej)licnsoii's ]>ath was at oneo beset with diiriculties. 
 The I'aet that he was from Icehmd was soon eiivulated 
 to Ins disadvantau'e. His eonneetion with AVesley, 
 whose h'ltest letter is said to have l)eeii calkMl forth 1)y 
 Ins sym})athy witli AVilhei'lbi'ce in his ctlbrts to aholish 
 shivery, did not tend to ai>ale ])i'ejii(lice. The |>anic 
 AN'hieh, nearl\' foi'ty 3'ears before, had followed 
 the diseovery of a ]»Iot anioni;' tlio IV'rmudian slaves 
 to rise and murder the whites, had not been fori;'ot- 
 ten. The ai-rival of a 3[ethodist miinster from 
 Ireland, so hitelv the ^^^.'(.nxQ. of a Moodv I'eltellion, sua-. 
 g'eslcd to the nioi'e ii;-norant portion of the inlialtitants 
 fears of I'ebellioiis h^ssons to the laru'e slave ]»opii- 
 hition. So stroni;' were some in their suspicions, 
 that not a few protested ai;-ainst permission being- 
 granted him to land. Attempts to pre\ent liis going 
 on shore wouhl pi'obably liave l)een made, liad not a 
 magistrate, standing on the quay, prudeidly dispelled 
 the gathering stoi'm. 'Surely,' said the magistrate, 
 ' you will not banish a man Ijeforo you know who he is, 
 and what is Ins crime.' ' Oh,' was the i-ejdy, 'ho is an 
 Irishman, a rebel, and a Methodist; and will jmt all 
 kinds of evil into the minds of the blacks.' 'There are 
 many things imported into Bermuda,' quietly rejoined 
 the magistrate, ' that will put more evil into their minds 
 than he will. One puncheon of rum Avill put more 
 evil into their minds than ever lie will do all the days of 
 his life. And if he has a good method with him, I am 
 sure^we want it here, and therefore we will not banish 
 
 l;jl 
 
sf- •'■' :-::~r;;,::;t:":; 
 
 ^^■"•■»- IIkU Jli. i^.,? '"' ■■•'■•I' -in.-./ih-nui,,,,- ,1, , 
 
 ;::;:^/:;::!:':V''"'-'-»r.;:';:;-^^ 
 
 :;:,;:"■'■'■'■-■ <•MlH-.^;;^■'::■'■■'-''•••''^lnv.:l„<.H.J^ 
 '■"■".mn, ho,Jo .:,'"':" "'■ •-•f'!>"--(io«. J, , ''Tr"' 
 
 _^^''""'^ the on 
 
 D 
 
 'eomlj, 
 
 '01- 
 
 eoiu-a,o-e,i j^-^ 
 
 ' I met 
 
 wjfj 
 
 
 8 
 
 '01710 
 
 'inio 
 
 s(>, 
 
 ":'^'^^ti,on7ont/r(;f 
 
 ^itUm, I Ji 
 
 
 t] 
 
 10 
 
 <>m aro w'Jiit 
 tumiJx'i'. 3x, 
 
 ■i^'o joinod iif'rv- 
 
 '">tu'it;i.st, 
 
 y-i)ijK, jucmlj 
 
 t'ldinu- fi 
 
 'Pt hlo 
 
 \v 
 
 rmng on 
 « Cok. 
 
 lH'Oj)lo 
 ''^^3' of tiio 11101 
 
 "■"^ Oj)j)o- 
 
 ; and voj 
 
 '-'•^ii> society, ail of 
 
 "3' ■'^oon J ]io|,o t 
 
 oauo-inont 
 
 ^^^^'«^^^.andt]iof)iniii;:or:^r!^^^?^^^"i>^^ai.o 
 's "History 
 
 0' Of 
 of the West Indies, 
 
 one ma 
 
 '^•'■"^trato hav, 
 p. 238. 
 
452 
 
 HISTORY OF MF/niODI^M 
 
 all iolno'l tlio sociotv. Wo alroii'lv liiiil it iioco-jsiU'V to 
 erect ;i eli:ii>el, ami havi' taki'U soun' slej)-^ towaivl llie 
 accoiiiplisliinciit ol" our olijoc'l. A siiKsci-iplioii lias Ih'cm 
 set on loot; tho aWiive family have subsiM-iln-.l thirty 
 ]m)Uii(1m toward 'a ; a yoiiiii;" i;"eiillt'inaii has i;-i\-vii us a;i 
 acre oC i;'roun'l, with al! th'..' ti'ei's ujioii it ; an. I (;liii'i's 
 liavu conic ioi'wai'd with such lihei'aiitv, that avc havo 
 alrcail_\' th(^ ]>roniisc of two huuilrcil and twenty pfMinds, 
 and a prospect of n-dtinii; more. In anotlicr part of tiio 
 ishmd wc rent another hou.-i', hcsidcs Ihi.-; wiiiv-h f 
 occupy; in that wc sliall immediately tlx the j)ulpit a:id 
 the scats, s!> that very shortly 1 hope tliin;;':-; will assume 
 the ap])earance of order, and he kc])l in a state of actual 
 rei^ulation. \\\ our class-moolin,i;"s se\'cral have ileciared 
 Avliat Crod lias done for tlieir souls, and exiires.sed their 
 i^i-atitudc with tears of i<i\'. Others a.re earnestiv scv'l:- 
 ing tho inostimalde hlessini;' which those have found, and 
 are lon^'ini;' to rejoice in the salvation of (lod.' in the 
 earl}' jiart of tiie year lSt)(), the i)ro,>p'ect secmc! si!!! 
 brighter. Jn April, the momhei"ship of tho so'deiy hud 
 increased to one humlrcd and four, thirty of ^vllom v.'cro 
 poojile of eoloi'. The congregations had al,>o increase:!, 
 and the amount sul»scrihed towai'ds the ci'cciion of tlio 
 Ciiurch liud reached the sum of three hunrlrcl ])Ounds, 
 Bermiidian curiciicy. 
 
 It is -wortliy of note tiuit tliis success had r.ot I)een 
 attained hy any sacriiice of jjrinci'ple to exi)ediency. In 
 the j^rosecution of liis work amo;ig tlie colored ])eo])!c. 
 .Stephenson had felt the necesidty, in tho presence of 
 strong prejudices, of caution in jdl his niovomeats. 'I 
 intend,' ho wrote in December, ITU'd, 'doing what I ca.ii 
 among tho whites at first, and I trust that Ciod has di- 
 rected me. If I had begun to collect the blacks wdien I 
 first came to tho island, I should have rai>:ed tho whole 
 
vviii'd I ho 
 
 lias Ik'oii 
 
 .■.I thirty 
 
 \'i'ii us nil 
 
 1.1 ()Lll('i■^; 
 
 wu havo 
 \' [iftimds, 
 irt oC the 
 
 wliivh f 
 iiill)it .'i;i<l 
 11 assiiiiio 
 of iiciiial 
 : (k'chtiv.l 
 i.scd their 
 stlv scv'I:- 
 (U'.n;l. au-l 
 ,' in t!.o 
 ■!!ic;! siiU 
 •ieiy ii;;'l 
 lom v.wo 
 iKTeascii, 
 on of ilio 
 
 ])Oun< 
 
 r.ot been 
 .Micy, 111 
 ;l ])eo|)!c. 
 
 'G.'-C!K-e of 
 MWU. ' I 
 liat I ca.n 
 )<l lias (li- 
 :s when I 
 ho whole 
 
 i"»ns oCnil. U'|,,t|,' ' ""''«-'">.v. ......l „il,o. 
 
 ,->'.ii i(^<i Upon t ic ijf.iij- <• -. ".->-<^>- 
 
 th 
 
 ^^'U-nost iHsj 
 
 J^''f>P0r j)l-,)noi>ti 
 
 *'"'-f c-aieulatod t 
 
 iman to the ad 
 
 8 
 t;o. 
 
 >'no of th^y ,,„., 
 
 ^ P'vcipitate the I 
 
 ^^pfion of a (. 
 
 f>"^ mny. J).u'e Jed 
 
 ■ourso of 0071- 
 
 lor 
 
 was aoquaiiitod ' 
 
 3IetJ 
 
 ""•■^''■".^ of iho cloud 
 
 memhei- of the fir.st h 
 ^■f''"vii atlLamilt 
 -^J^othodist M 
 
 '^f'^ of i^ennuda tl 
 ^yoto the Hon. Stowo AV 
 
 >ard of t 
 
 'lou'dit 
 
 OO' 
 
 '^», to the .Socrel 
 
 nistoos of the Afotjiod 
 
 a 
 
 mis.siona,.ie^ wlio 1 
 
 ^s.onaiy S.^ioty, in mQ 
 
 'inos of th^., ^,y^,^ 
 
 io(!ist 
 
 ovan 
 
 8te()h 
 
 'pnenson dow 
 
 '='^;« visited these island 
 
 ^vith all vo 
 
 ni* 
 
 1<: 
 
 judico— ori-inat. 
 
 toOhristianitj-to'th 
 ces8or8, jiindorcd mo f, 
 ^'onnor than I was j j 
 
 "; and oxeoedintri 
 
 in thatworldlj. 
 
 m' I'o^Tet that tl 
 
 f'ont }>\r. 
 
 lah 
 
 'Ol- 
 
 oni 1 
 
 •^Pint which 
 
 le |»re 
 '••ionmitv- 
 
 o^lifiod by his d 
 
 of Xr. Wesley and 1 
 \'y- more intimate with t\ 
 
 ilS SU! 
 
 poarod to be 
 
 oeti'lne, as tl 
 
 ''"■' ^"''^^ Vro'A.h onco, and 
 
 who I 
 
 pent to hi, innocon 
 
 i"^J Iiad ho united tl 
 
 conirreo-jit 
 
 10 
 
 Was 
 
 CO, 1 
 
 really bdiovo h 
 
 Avi.sdom of th 
 
 ion ap- 
 
 o sej- 
 
 would have 
 
w^ 
 
 454 
 
 IIISTOJIY OF METHODISM 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 I ': 
 
 
 fivoido.l llio poi'seeiitiou ho uiidoi'wont ; but ]io ajijx'ai'od 
 to siitTei- his zoal to swaUow u]) liis nicekiicss, aixl was 
 not of the (lis|)()sition caU-uhUed to ovcrcoino thi^ pi'eju- 
 (lico which rested in the minds of the })eoj)le against iho 
 3Iethodists.' 
 
 The o[)]>ortuiiity foi* wliieh Stoi')hensoirs eneinirs had 
 waited soon })i'esented itself. A sermon |)i'('ach(' i in 
 the house of a mulatto, named iSoeco, funii--hed llie de- 
 sired pi-elext. An itinerant portrait-jiaiiiter, naiiied 
 (Jreeii. who had accumuhited a little money. \\\\<\ liad 
 obtained the ]»osilion of mai^istrate in Devonshire j)ari->h, 
 summoned Stephenson hetbi'o him. Tiie ])risoner was 
 chai'<;'ed with the g'rievous crimes of ])reachin<j; in the 
 house of a mulatto ; of shakin<;' hands with the blacks; 
 of i^'athorinii; them for public M'orshi]); and of excitini^ 
 prejudice a,ii;ainst the ministers of the histablishcd 
 Church, by the remtirk thai no man was called of <iod 
 to the ministry who p)reached tlie (Jospcl for silvei- and 
 i^old. Stej")lienson a tlmitted the justice of the charges, 
 but stated in defence, that he could not be less polite 
 than the nei;'roes ; and tliat lie liad never detained \\\on\ 
 jit his services beyond six o'clock, while they were )ici-- 
 mitted to dance all night. In reference to tlu' last 
 charge, he remarked that ne had only U'^ed, respecting 
 the ministry, the hingiiage of the J5ook of Common 
 Prayer. At the close of the examination, the magis- 
 trate called together the priu'dpal persons in tlie neigh- 
 l>orhood, to deliberate upon these serious crimen, and to 
 prepare a petition to ])revent their commission in future; 
 and then hastened to St. (J-eorge's, to place the proceed- 
 ings before the (iovern r. ^ 
 
 Unfortunately, it was not necessaiy to urge u]»on tlio 
 CJovcrnor thead«j])tion of activemeasures. lie hud already 
 
 '•• 'Narrative of a Mission,' pp. 231-1. 
 
a])peai'cd 
 ^, and was 
 the j)r(.'jii- 
 i^-aiiist ilio 
 
 -'111 i CVS had 
 'ache 1 in 
 "d Iliodc- 
 r, iianiod 
 
 ami had 
 re parish, 
 ■ioiiei* was 
 ni;- in I ho 
 c Iihielvs ; 
 
 exeitinu; 
 tablished 
 I of <;od 
 Iver and 
 
 ehai'i;'cs, 
 L'ss pulito 
 ned tlicm 
 tvere ]ier- 
 the hist 
 .'s[ieflinL;' 
 ( 'oniinoii 
 mau'is- 
 le iieiii'h- 
 ■i, and to 
 n future; 
 proceed- 
 
 .i])on the 
 i already 
 
 ^y ^J^JnruDA. 
 
 455 
 
 -T,1S00, reeoninu-nd. t; '';^'-''^'•'^^-'-'- 
 
 i^'oni any religious soeieti.s , 7^ ' '"" '"'-^""aries 
 -'^^'^ preachers.' >^!,^''^^^^ 
 
 ;;'-^^ii',wentinniie.;:;!;rs;^^ 
 
 :^^^^^--- The (^n-ei-n T" ••^^'"'^''^''-^'''''' 
 ^"•^olent ,nanner. ' Udien , -n ""^ '" ^^'^^ "''»t 
 
 ^^^Phonson,^I,,.,J ;;;;';'' --ntrodueed/savs 
 
 ;'-'i'---or/ouro,. ;:^ j;;^'^7'-'---an<,;i,. 
 
 ^^^'H-y Ihumhlvrenuested '"• ^ '"''' ^"'^ '•^•^''-!- 
 
 ^f^-ee. Jlest<; -^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^^;^-iHt..yMnan.hist oh ^'^;':''':^'''''^-''^^^ 
 --Jontmarksot^lispleal ;:::'''''*''''' -'<'-''i-iti. 
 
 ;;^ tlie Kin^-H Attorne^M;c.nenl " /'" ''"" ''"' ''^ ^'^'"^ ^^' 
 
 ^~, and told hi^nwhnJ.^^^^^ 
 
 i« the Gov 
 <^ath of all 
 
 ^^■^^at ho had said. 
 
 j'Monso/i^ J 
 ei'Hor ,„■ hi,, .Secret; 
 oi^-iaiice. 
 
 overtioi- 
 
 cannot tender 
 'ly tliat must 
 
 said. 11^ 
 
 any oaiJi : Ji 
 
 ^'^''fi'-ned, and tohl t\ 
 
 J'Ojdiod, '-[ I 
 
 is J- 
 
 ."ive 
 10 (, 
 
 ^^^'.rCfoneral." J 
 
 -^''I'nv that, 
 
 x'cei 
 
 SU', 
 
 '•■"'•y. ill an a 
 
 you (J,e 
 "Veidoi- 
 
 as Wi 
 
 "-^'y torn 
 
 i,^o and ] 
 
 ■(')onied, ''PI 
 
 •'^yii, or the At( 
 
 you ?' 
 
 ^''I'H'st tlio Att 
 
 case j-our J.^xeell 
 
 or- 
 
 Ol'll 
 
 ou mny do for tliat 
 
 ey ( 
 
 rcnoraJ to wait 
 
 <^'"cy, shall 
 
 ^« you please, 
 
 -iv. 
 
 upon 
 Mas 
 
r 
 
 mm 
 
 \ 
 
 1 '■'' 
 
 i 
 
 ilfl 
 
 MW 
 
 45G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 the ro]»ly. I Jiusteiied to llic Attoriioy rieiieral uiid toM 
 liiiii; he rotuniod with mo to the (vovevninent irousc, 
 und I waited in the ])0i'cli while they lield a consultation. 
 In a little while the (iovernoi" ])assed ly nie, making- a 
 low bow, with a groat swoop of his ai-m, intimating that 
 I might go about my business. The Atloi-noy General, 
 coming to the door, UAd me that the (Jovornor would 
 have nothing more' to- say to me ; so T came otl\' '" On 
 the 25th Ajiril, the Bill passed the Assembly Avith but 
 one dissenting voice; or.- the 28rd of May it was con- 
 curred in by the Council ; and on the following day it 
 received the Governor's assent. " 
 
 The provisions of this Act were xavy strict. It was 
 enacted that * no person, not regularly invested with 
 holy orders according to the rites of the Ghurch of Eng- 
 land, or the (.'hurch of Scotland, shouhL ' be allowed to 
 preach in these ishuuls, any doctrine of the gospel, by 
 Avriting or ])rinting, or by speaking to, teaching or in any 
 wise lecturing to, or exhorting any public or collected 
 audience whatever.' The penalties attached to any 
 violation of the law were also veiy sevei'e; consisting of 
 a tine of fifty pounds, and imprisonment for six months, 
 without bailor mainprizo. It was at the same- time en- 
 acted that an}' person opening his chvelling f(ir any ser- 
 vice prohibited by this law should be subject to the 
 same penalty as the offending preacher or teacher. 
 
 It was scarcely possiljle, in a small isolated group of 
 islands, not moi'e than twentj'-four miles iu length, for 
 the minister, directly aimed at b}'' this law, to carry out 
 the letter of his Lord's injuneti(>n, ' When they persecute 
 
 "^ StopJioiison's ]\IS., quoted by Marsdon, ' Narrative of a IMis- 
 sion,' p. 245. 
 
 " Williams' ' History of Borimida,' p. 100. The member of 
 the Assembly who dared, ' singly and alone,' to stand up for free- 
 dom to worship God, was Kicluird J. Poniston, Esc^. 
 
1 and tol'i 
 it irou.sc, 
 isiiltution, 
 makina; a 
 ^ting tJiat 
 ' General, 
 or Avoiild 
 iV"' On 
 Avith but 
 was eon- 
 ng (lay it 
 
 It was 
 ited with 
 li of E'/g- 
 I lowed to 
 3spel, hy 
 or in any 
 collected 
 to any 
 sisting of 
 : months, 
 •time cn- 
 any ser- 
 't to the 
 bci". 
 
 group of 
 igth, I'or 
 arry out 
 persecute 
 
 ) of a ]\Iis- 
 
 iicmber of 
 3 for free- 
 
 ^-^ BEn^arDA. 
 
 457 
 yii in one city fl„, ,-,>*. 
 
 '■l""ate, constitutes u ! T """ '""""'■^ "> " ^^nn 
 
 f-" an,. Woo,,. A , ;;«'?■""';'"" •" '™"-- -V 
 
 ''^- -^^o»s,.. p,u,,, ana CW,rr ?'™'' '"•^"■""-' 
 "W liini.sclfun,|e,. ,„„. oi,,,-„., 'l '^ «i'l'C"«in, „ot f.,.]. 
 
 ^'■■r^''oai„t,,:::, :;::';;/™:7■«"M.at^,J,,,..^i;- 
 ••""' '» "■•■'t of -U,-. Pali.,' '"""''^ "'■ -^^'•- Ciin,oro„ 
 t'.e afternoon. "' '' •^"^■^■"^'"ith of ira,„i|,„„_ ;„' 
 
 l"^i«lo time was lost i,,- ,i 
 P'>tascal upon fl,.li„s„n, f 1 '" ''*' '■^^o'^'^"! M 
 
 ;:;;;;:;:a..atte„.e.t,:::l ::;:-i;-i.^.-. A,,.a,. 
 
 ^'1, Daniel Tucker, E 
 
 »P'aintwitJithe3ri 
 
 '^^''i-s issued for tJ 
 
 I'tJterPaJI 
 
 le 
 
 i»P])re] 
 
 wa.< 
 
 seized at xhi^ \ 
 IJo loft his friend 
 
 Oil the aft 
 
 ^J>'0'w]iom,onthe23.-d 
 i^'"«ion ofJohnStepI 
 
 :^;;noonofthatday,Ste,d 
 
 lyorofirain- 
 
 'iwan-nnt 
 cplienson and 
 
 ^^"^0 of Thomas ^i,i,,^ 
 
 plien 
 
 C'onstahl 
 
 ■s in t 
 
 es I 
 
 TJ 
 
 i''ge numbe 
 
 '^^ t>xamination of] 
 
 cached IlamiJ 
 
 '" were assembled t 
 
 cars, aiid iji tl 
 
 at So 
 
 son 
 
 niej-set. 
 
 le 
 
 on the 
 
 custody of {\ 
 
 le 
 
 ^'i^G afternoon. A 
 
 '> H'ltness hi 
 
 place bef( 
 
 'imseit;and hh^^^nav^ai 
 
 combo, Karv 
 
 -^ the 3Iayor, and three :,;!^ 
 
 mit to aj 
 
 Gv and 8( 
 
 o\v 
 
 lowed 
 
 ' '^"constitutional Act 
 
 'Stei)h 
 
 CO othor Just 
 
 committal. 
 ^^, took 
 
 I'iJcnson refu.sed 
 
 ^ce,s, J]a^ 
 
 to take tl 
 
 '"i^'Iish ], 
 
 JO oath of all 
 
 and d 
 
 to siifj. 
 
 ch, 
 
 ^'•gooftho 
 
 ''''■ ^iv. Pall, 
 
 cgiance. 
 
 cinanded to 1 
 
 '0 al- 
 
 con.-itabl 
 
 i-H and h 
 
 ''"'^ t<^> 'Jc ti-ied bv 
 
 C'^, Avho Mhrust 
 
 c wei'c th 
 
 th 
 
 en gh'c.^n i 
 
 n 
 
 cm into 
 
 an ill- 
 
 : '^ 
 
Ifll" 
 
 45S 
 
 JIISTOEY OF METHOD ISM 
 
 iicr room.' In tliis room, without a licd. tlicy were de- 
 t.'iined until ten the next morniiii;-, when lliey wcro 
 phieed in a boat, and, under a strong <;-uard of consta])K)S, 
 carried to the elo.so and unheal tli v nrison at St. Georji-es. i^ 
 
 On the ninth da^' after im])risonment, ]\Ir Pallas 
 acecptcd bail and left the prison, llis fellow-prisoner 
 had at first resolved to remain in the Jail until December, 
 the month fixed for his trial ; but the injurious influence 
 of close contincment during the wannest season of the 
 3'ear ; the enormous expense attending his im]n'isonment ; 
 and the hope that, by private visitation of the member- 
 ship, he might still benefit them; as well as the wi>Ji to 
 promote the success of a petition to be forn'arded to the 
 King, praying him to refuse his assent to the Aet, led 
 liim to reconsider his resolution. At the end of tifteen 
 days he also accepted bail, and left the prison. 
 
 By an American journal of that day, tlie law under 
 which Stephenson had been committed to ]>ris!)n was 
 said to l)e ' a law only descriptive of the depravity of 
 morals, and the despotism of the government under 
 which it exists.' By many Bermudians it was felt to be 
 a deep disgrace. At the time, but one Episcopal minister 
 oflficiatcd in the eight parishes of the islands, and l)ut one 
 Presbyterian minister it the kirk at AVarwick. These 
 \vere accustomed to preach only once on the Lord's ilay, 
 and seldom, if ever, during the week. Conscious of the 
 disgrace inflicted upo^ the colony by the passage of a law 
 contrary tojusc'ot and reason, the grantl jurj', in ,Iune 
 ISOO, presented t/ e Act as a violation of the rights of the 
 subject. Five hundred signatures of res})eetable ]>arties 
 wei'c in a short time ap[)ende<l to a petition to be for- 
 warded to England, asking its disallowance. This 
 petition, with a memorial of the same tenor, was present- 
 ly ' History of the Wost Indies,' p. 243. 
 
were do- 
 ey ^^'oro 
 ii.st;il»los, 
 Gorges. ^^ 
 
 I' Pallas 
 prisoner 
 )eoiul)Gr, 
 inrtiu'iice 
 in of the 
 oiiineiit; 
 ineinlier- 
 wish to 
 (I to the 
 Act, led 
 f tiiteen 
 
 V under 
 son Ava.s 
 ivity of 
 
 under 
 
 dt to be 
 
 nini.ster 
 
 but one 
 
 These 
 I's.hiy, 
 i of the 
 Df a hiw 
 in June 
 s of the 
 parties 
 be for- 
 
 This 
 )resent- 
 
 ^-y MUMCDa. 
 
 loO 
 
 ,1 . '.-^ JL'ii. Alter the J'li.^A r "'- ^"'" "f fhe 
 \^- Act, in consonuenoe f ^ ''^'••"•'y thr.v v.a,. 
 
 In tJ 
 
 ie 
 
 ^>P|'^>rtnnity to 
 
 meantime, theautj 
 
 i'nvth 
 
 ^*>t ''xtont. On tl 
 
 ^*''*'-'y out tJieir I 
 
 lOrS of (),,> A . r. 
 
 _ '-•i( -vet found 
 
 ini 
 
 'Use 
 
 ^mfgned />efoi-e tl 
 
 Ge 
 
 nenil conducted (i 
 
 le 8 
 
 'GOthofOeeen.f 
 
 JU(1-| 
 
 i'le 
 
 '^''■, >Stej)hei 
 
 »'.sc.s (o ij 
 
 le 
 
 'i])renu3 Coun. ri 
 
 '■^''U \va.s 
 
 <>"<-• of the ablest J 
 
 Chief J 
 
 «stice of B 
 
 iej)i-oseeut 
 ^^^;vej-.s of .St. ( 
 
 le Alt 
 
 ^'^''; James C. Est 
 ■^eoro-e',s,andaft 
 
 o; 
 
 o witnc 
 
 '^'•"^""!'b vohinfe^rcd 
 ^•■^cs M-cre ealJed I 
 
 d-, 
 crwards 
 
 en, i- 
 
 ^'J deil'/KJ tl 
 
 ^nt of these, under oath ..^« ' ^"7'' "•' '"^' P^'^^^c^^inion 
 ^f tJ.e lav.- . H.. , ^ "-^^^y^^^h'-med that after tl.. , .. " 
 
 »>^>^'^'mhi,hand 
 
 ^ M.JL t. i, 
 
 ^'ic defendant had 
 
 not } 
 
 t^'^t he had al; 
 
 siftei- 
 '-'^'cn seen wid 
 
 f-assai 
 
 ■"' *-■'' '^ ^''-'".i^'i-egation. 
 '^•en )n-actice.I by Nienh 
 ■^•"■""ia. Theotl ^ 
 
 Tl 
 
 io I'ead 
 
 lis 
 
 praj 
 
 1 a pv, 
 
 ^i->, an 
 
 'i>henson at 
 
 ofth. 
 
 [;Wle.sC.p.Grevilf 
 
 '''■ ^^'it^'oss aifirmed (1 
 
 mode of wor^h 
 'i".)' time, m] 
 
 >ii no- 
 had 
 
 lat tl 
 
 'lie in 
 
 1 
 
 0, Se 
 
 C'i-ot;iry of C 
 
 'c juisoi) 
 
 
 'ounciJ. 
 
 — • « 
 
 comx-r.iat 
 or thf 
 
 ones 
 
 Jrnor of J, 
 
 ;;'''rtl..„d WilJia,,,;, 
 
 Jn Iii.s 'J, 
 
 ".""liea, wit] 
 
 BcJ 
 
 n-J< 
 
 ourt 
 
 UDi.'iI 
 
 'y<-'n in writin.r t 
 
 '"^"•^'"■asjuirricl 
 
 '■'(•.ill.- 
 
 '^nvv-ithanyof tl 
 
 'K to eve 
 
 lout iinjin.structi 
 
 O' Govcr 
 
 ons, 
 
 '0. 
 
 or thfir viewTs ; '' °^ t'^'autliorities- .iIh , V. ' '^"'' "'thout 
 
 in 
 II' 
 
 anci- that 
 tinif 
 
 -main untif the Bill 
 
 "' that nohl 
 
 I'inan' 
 
 ^ -n.e lu>n.ot;;\.^ :,;---' ''^ the 6oio ' \!.;^ 
 
 lament would tl 
 
 ^'^«<'J- t^> tho Col 
 surj>riK-d, ff>r tl. 
 
 'len 1 
 
 >e m 
 
 llh t In ji 
 
 any 
 loiiy, 
 J>i'o- 
 a- 
 
 >ur Colon 
 
 al cm, 
 
 "••s of Ja,„ 
 U'.s are "-oy 
 
 1: •, y^' t '^'^ add 
 
 nothing 
 be 
 
 '^\ *'^;^'iioniI told' tl 
 
 7"^''l-' Stephe 
 
 ^-iii'-^-M-. it-i:!-^' - 
 
 '<■ a-^ur- 
 l't\r no 
 
 ; 'And 
 ". then la\v-,.,d. 
 
 -never wrote a d 
 
 boc^n in office, seen T.vi '''-^i'f ^''-had onl 
 
 ^;-;^^U,ry of State, d,d 
 
 y or'ce 
 
 IS not at all st 
 
 all the 'vv 
 
 ' since lu' I 
 
 ("^•t Indi 
 
 Ilia 
 *-*>i nnder 
 
 nl . ~ 
 
 <^-n*:J^rv4 bene^h ^^^'^J^^^y^ thirty ye;;rs';:^^L"l '' "-^-U 
 
 -attention of the GoVc;r:^';;;;^:^^'^"--^ ^-» 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OF JFETIWDIS.V. 
 
 ]i;i 1 confessed that lie had pi\;ii(*lie<l after the enactment 
 ol"thchi\v: a statement which the missionai-y deehired 
 to lie la!.-'. In -umminii; up the; case, the Attorney Gen- 
 eral a}ip«'alel to the j)opuhii' prejudice, hy the assertion 
 tiiat the Methr)dists had hecn the cause of tlie rei)e!lion 
 in America, the revohition in France, and the disturh- 
 an -es in Irehimh 
 
 Mr. E-teii, who continued througliout life to look 
 hack u])on his defence of Ste[)henson with ^a-eat pleasure, 
 c-oii ducted the defence with marked ahility. ^' The annals 
 of Jurisprudence present lew cascts in which an upright 
 lawyer could hase more powerful appeals on justice, as 
 intcrpi'cted by the Word of (rod, and hy the statutes of 
 tho realm. lla asserted liberty of conscience to be the 
 l)ir(h-i'i.irht of every British sul)ject; appealed to the 
 CvJiistitution of tlie mother country-; shf)wed that legis- 
 lators might make laws which it would be the most 
 exalted virtue to violate ; and that the jn-isonor stood 
 charged with the violation of a law, which it v/ould be 
 inij>roper an'l impossiI>le to obey. But ai-gunuMl ■■. 
 a|»peals, remui'ks upon the insulllciency of the evidence 
 to sustain the eLarges preferred, or upon the disgrace 
 of ••onvicting the prisoner upon tho'^e cha-i'gos on any 
 amount of evidenc»^, were lost upon a Court, \\'ith w'loni 
 the conviction of the pi-isonor seemed to be a foregone 
 conclusion. TIic Cliief Justice acknowledgeii that the 
 missionary was not liable to pronecution previouslj'to the 
 pa -sage of the Act under which he had been arresteil ; 
 but, nevei'thelc'"'. charged the jury to find him guilt v. 
 One of the juroi-s hesitated to act upon the judge's 
 advice, but was overpowered by the clamors of t'.ie 
 
 '< Speech of James C. Esten, Esq., Chief Justice of Bernimhi, 
 at tlie Anniversary uf the Wcsloyau Missionary bociety, London, 
 1825. 
 
snactmcni: 
 
 ' <loc'lai'cd 
 
 ■ncy GcMi- 
 
 assei'tioii 
 
 i'ei»clli()ii 
 
 > (listui'l)- 
 
 ) to look 
 pleas ui'c, 
 ho anna 1 8 
 11 upriglit 
 ustice, as 
 atutcs (;r 
 to be tiio 
 (I to the 
 !iat Ic'j^i-,- 
 tlio most 
 lor stood 
 would 1)0 
 g'unuMts. 
 evidence 
 
 disgrace 
 •s oil ai;y 
 rli \vh.)ni 
 
 ibregono 
 that the 
 slj^to the 
 arrested ; 
 Qi giiilly. 
 judge's 
 1 of the 
 
 f Bermuda, 
 , London, 
 
 ''Sin^\, p^;;:;:;;;'"^ .„ntv<f 
 
 ■- '' i"''Jej-l.ooIci,, , s liMful ■ I . .^""'.^ oi 
 
 ""■'■-n-l.' T, (,,.'' ''■''■■'•'■■"■^•■■'"liHT.,.-. ,r 
 
 I /,IS 
 
 '^'•■"'■!^ "-iilnn «viv ,1,,.,. "'"■"• I ■■"■I "iv /I , ,,-^, 
 
 I:r u-/.^ „„,i'....- ,. '"" <''i'>H> <,:, l„.|,.,ir .,,. ,. , . , 
 
 '^' "-as s„iie,i„i,, Ifc- |„ ,; "■"" •'■■II' -/ «-j,,Vi, 
 
 '■" I"----"' on ll„\ ,., 
 
 '■-■■■l.-Cil. '"'"■l'^'''-«-|l!,„>;,l|,!i,i. ,-■,„,, 
 
 ' ' ' Mil 
 
 /'■■'^i- Pallas, Stophen^on's f 
 l'-'^<"', 'lid iioLa.-,in • ■• '""^^-'' ^'^ 
 
 if is ( 
 
 ^"g-ofj", 
 
 *^>f>^pan!o;i j;, 
 
 laviiif 
 
 OOi 
 
 \hi^. 
 
 ^'■^'i- and 111 
 
 Mied 
 
 Ills ( 
 
 luvf] 
 
 next 
 
 e res in 
 
 'i";oii(j to ( 
 iJig foe t; 
 
 ^'^'.i-iJ.. 
 
 iOCiio; 
 
 ass 
 
 ia hored , 
 
 ^'-^- Bodiiv ind 
 
 wa.- 
 
 ^>i', as sc 
 
 '"^^'oiii/]ic(cd 
 
 ^>ni-; jn )j'oprohaI 
 
 i-d"'.-M(ioii (iiKJ 
 
 J^' J)r('a'-!,- 
 
 10 
 
 Ti, 
 
 upon the e, 
 
 '-0, Siiti 
 
 <-'!• M-hicd 
 
 1 /lO 
 
 •'•'f ';> iiirther dot,', 
 ^••^"ftiic truth tod 
 mercy shou-nh 
 
 UiC 
 
 o 
 
 t j.nbl 
 
 "-in-chi.M; an |j 
 
 •■^''if'iion \\\\\i J 
 
 ic 
 
 io itat; 
 
 efcr (J 
 
 ']*in;o!), ],,,| t, 
 
 an iji y^. 
 
 dit 
 
 '» was, ,') 
 
 liOii 
 
 liiiji- J 
 
 y 
 
 Tii 
 
 0)' con 
 
 imi 
 
 '■•'•-■'" ''V J iie secret 
 peivson,' .say.s Coke, ' 
 
 ^'"'-'*-' J'aiJ, andkc 
 
 ov.-ever, (n 
 
 iiMied to 
 
 'o en. 
 
 ore in a 
 
 ;'i»''.'iraMco 
 
 opoi'ut ion of 
 
 '^'j""i4- hini 
 
 l"'"''^-h hlu). I, 
 
 was at I 
 
 ■^i'--^])ended J 
 
 '" ■'< Ntafe o/' 
 
 i'X'i-ty, w 
 
 nv 
 
 niie 
 
 h 
 
 J/ 
 
 IS 
 
 l"K'Ivet w 
 
 JS 
 
 :i8 
 
402 
 
 jnSTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 m ' 'i i 
 
 com])clk'(l to siin'er by preparation for the eventful day, 
 \vlii''h still frowiuMl iijtoii liim in the distance.' I'ii;j;lit 
 3'('ars later, when .losluia .Marsdcn landt'd at St. 
 (Jeo:';;'i'"s, and, after dclivci'in^' a Icttci' of int I'oduetion lo 
 tlu' successor ofdovernoi" Beek'with, ])aid Mbur dollars 
 for a lioaL' to carr}' him to Mr. Pallas, ' the only ]\retho- 
 (lisL' in the islands, ho found at irainilton a ' sickdy old 
 man. worn with aflliction, and harassed with ])ci'secu- 
 tion.' I'hi-ee years al'ler this intei'view, the old man 
 ])asscd away. .Domestic trials hail eclii)sed to some ex- 
 tent the IiL;-lit of the (los|)el, but for several months 
 ].)clore his death he rose into the clear sunshine. Thoui;'li 
 l)cd-;-idden, and worn to a skeleton, lie I'cjoiced nns])ealc- 
 alily in jtrospect ot everlastini;' life. His dying words 
 ])r()vcd a blessing to n>any. Among the martyrs and 
 c.Miicssoj's of the Lord Jesus, ' Peter Pallas, of Hamil- 
 ton, silversmith,' may claim an humble place. 
 
 In tl'.e jail at St. Cleoi'ge's, John Ste])l!enson M"as not 
 aliinc. I'Y'W earthly friends stood within his ])rison 
 walls: not many had the influence to reach, or the dis- 
 ])i»-ition to entei', his solitary room, as had his true 
 fi'iciid. ..Mr. Eston ; but the Lord stood with him; tlic 
 ' truth' made him free. In his life within those M'alls 
 there were lights and shadows, as in life beyond such 
 barriers. ' I have had,' he wrote on the 18th of Feb- 
 ruary. ISOl, 'some sorrowful times in prison, and some 
 jovous ones.' ' To God be all the glory for every bles- 
 sing.' Through the grating of his jn-ison window he 
 frciiuently exhorted the ' listen!. ig, and often wce])ing 
 ]>lacks." to turn from sin to Christ. Others listened to 
 liim. Among the more prominent recollections of child- 
 hood, idierished by an aged white member of the ]\Ie- 
 thodist church at St. (leorge's, lately translated to the 
 Churcli above, were those of the occasions on which, 
 
itful (lay, 
 ' I':i-i.t 
 I at St. 
 luclidii to 
 ir dollars 
 y 3fetho- 
 ick'Iy old 
 
 old man 
 
 sonic cx- 
 
 montlis 
 
 TllOllo'Jl 
 
 inis])oaIc- 
 iig words 
 tyi-s and 
 f llaiiiil- 
 
 was not 
 ^ ])n'soii 
 ■ tlio dis- 
 liis ti'ue 
 lini ; ilio 
 'SO avails 
 ond siudi 
 
 of l-Y-b- 
 nd soine 
 3ry l)les- 
 idow lie 
 wco]>iiig' 
 :encd to 
 ofcdiild- 
 thc Me- 
 i to the 
 
 wliicdi. 
 
 ';"'.^-".^^.»«1u..,,; '■'";■'''•!■ '"-"inn!..,,,,, 
 
 ^ no oj)onino- oF < i, 
 
 unpi 
 
 'ISODod JJi i] 
 
 I 
 
 or 
 
 '".-^ liic Iro.spcl ot'Jc 
 
 "■■^ .i'l'l six 
 pounds 
 
 inonti 
 
 i.s. 
 
 LlacI 
 
 St. G 
 
 and 
 
 ea 
 
 eoj-o-t- 
 
 Ofl 
 
 i^'*'^ ^^'^^ libomti 
 
 Ji 
 
 rt' 
 
 sptjv 
 
 J 
 
 lie; 
 
 '"^ ^■'"■'sttoAfi 
 
 ;")'oc'.- 
 
 ■ican 
 
 ■fi'iniid; 
 
 '^'f, 1SY)1. 
 
 ''■'' ^^'>^-k gon 
 
 '^"^ Stophonson for 
 
 f^ooji /)ee 
 
 i»ie neco 
 
 ^^^•'^i'y iaiti.f.ii 
 
 to tJ 
 
 !"'' iJie 27iomI 
 
 ^^■Jtliouta.sJioj.ho,-d 
 
 ^'^'^OMbi'Lhn to I 
 
 loir 
 
 pi'oib, 
 
 ved 
 toll 
 
 2)0 
 
 ^'■^;'^ anxioty, An old 
 
 ^v'jth what caro the doo 
 artheM.^hUt 
 
 ^•ivato eilbi-t 
 
 <-'^o them, 
 ■^ to aifl tj 
 
 ei'.s 
 
 '•S.SJOJl. It 
 
 as sj 
 
 1007) 
 
 istcrdai-edlol 
 
 i'osident w 
 '^•^ '"I'l windows of 
 
 V 
 
 '^""i invol- 
 
 ■t-^ 'ic'cu.stomed t 
 
 o 
 
 :' 'y^'"^ ^^^«^^i, /.ofbi-e tj 
 
 a dwell. 
 
 ''^'"eelinpp.^^erwithth 
 
 ^(' pej-seeuted 
 ^^Pareiif^ofudj 
 
 J 11' 
 
 Jnin- 
 
 jnt'- 
 
l! :i 
 
 4(Jt 
 
 HISTORY OF METITODTSM 
 
 ciiil.l. Pul)Uc ellorts toluMU'lit llifiii wciv still iiitcrdic- 
 tcd by tho unjust law whicli Jiritish lo,ii:islu(()rs lia<l not 
 found time to unuul. With little opj.oi-tunity to cMiic:i,i;-o 
 in Christian woi-k, and \vilh a constitution ini])air(Ml hy 
 the trials and confiiuuuent throu<;-h \v]ii(di he had pa-- 
 scl, Slcplunson was recalled. Early in l.>02, to the 
 great satisfaction of those who hoi>e<l to enjoy the 
 pleasures o( sin without intei-i'Uplion. and to the -icat 
 HOi'row of those who recognised in him a faithful ser- 
 vant of God, whose face they should see no more, he left 
 B.'rniuda, and returned to Ireland W the Conference 
 of 1802 he was appointed to a circuit in his native land, 
 hut the sliock received l>y his constitution had heen so 
 severe, thatattl)0 end of the yeai'lu' wasoMiged to retire 
 iVoiu the ranks of the active uiinisti-y. lie. however, 
 c,»ntinuod to j)reach, as liealth permitted, till within a 
 few yeai's of his death. ' lie was a man of sincere piety 
 ar.d warm friendship, and was zealous for his (hxl. II is 
 en 1 was triumphant.' So said his hreth'ren, in a brief 
 obituary notice, inserted in tlie Minute.> of 181!K 
 
intcrdic- 
 lia<l not 
 
 airc'il liy 
 lad i)as- 
 
 to the 
 liov the 
 le u'l'cat, 
 I fill scr- 
 , la- \v\l 
 iii'ereiice 
 ve himl. 
 been so 
 to retire 
 io\vt'\ei', 
 A'ithiii a 
 re pii'ty 
 h1. Hi's 
 
 a Itrief 
 
 SUMMKli OF isr^y ^^"'^ 
 
 Islands. Com;.rl.;r ^'^'^}^ ^ "nsnocv.s.f,,! -^.A ""''"'.i^' <i succy... 
 
 ^•t morals at St . . '"'^- "tn^s. Ma,-,s,u.„', fir«^ ^"vt-rnor. 
 
 l-Hcationso/'-n^^ °^- '^'^-. J^usoo U/S^^^V"-- ^tato 
 
 iurning of tf,e tido p (-'"aracter of the \fi!i:" ^^"/'''r.l :\r. 
 muda. His arr iv ^^V^P^intment of J, 1 f' ''<'ft''l people. 
 
 t".-o or Bermuda, dui-in,/'^"' "'' i"^''""^ ^o legisi.. 
 
 ^-placed Methodic, ir„oa , ':, ""',' """^"7 -^''^k 
 fieM„, under dee,, oWf^tion to , """" ••""' fo.'e,X.„ 
 
 ■"^" ■• tut, by thi in^ertitof ti rr "" ""'^"'««"' '^y 
 the person who should open Lt'',r ^^'■'''' ™''''«''«1 
 q...al penalty with him who , Id "' "'^' "'"''"^ '° ""^ 
 "•««ch in it, it aimed an effec "- J "^ ^'^' ''''*''' "''•■ 
 ^orvieea, by which the stronc! '""'"' *'«'^« social 
 
 nnd the weak sustained Lttr" ^'"° '='''^^™^ 
 (erial oversight. ' *'"' '"""•« "b'wce of minil 
 
s.^. 
 
 '^y . 
 
 "m 
 
 ^^;^^ 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 2.0 
 
 2.2 
 
 1.1 I'^t 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 1.4 
 
 l'-6 
 
 
 «- 6" — 
 
 
 ► 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 
 f;^!.^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 '^j)" 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
 r<;# 
 
•^ 
 
 
 c <^° 
 
 
 C/j 
 
 fA 
 
|i; 
 
 B 
 
 4G(] 
 
 UISrORY OF MKTIIOVISM 
 
 For some timo tlic scatto'ed Hock had reasuii to Imjic 
 for the arrival of another pastoi". 'J'hoiiuh the name of 
 iiernuKhi was not to he ioiind on the .Minutes of iSOl, 
 (y'oke sougiit, it appears, the consent of Joiin Daxtei'. a 
 successful West Jiulian niissionaiy, to undertake the 
 mission ; hut Baxter «lid not think lit to make the at- 
 tempt. In the foUowiMij; year the name of the islands 
 re-api)eared on the list of forei_ii;n stations. Ajtjiended to 
 it was the name of a vounij; man who had hec*n convert t'<l 
 under tiie ministiy of Ahraham JJishop in (Jrenada, and 
 who, upon Bisljop'.s death, had heen ajipointed his ,-ucce>- 
 sor. The a])pointment was, however, a ])rovisional o;ic. 
 'If I5i"other llallett,' it was stated in a note at tlie end of 
 the list of ap])oiatments, ' do not choose to ii;o to iier- 
 nuida, we ajipoint him to Ti'iiddad.' Francis llallett 
 preferred to remain in the West Indies, where lie m;ido 
 i'ull pi'oof of Ins ministry, in ISOIJ, James liowry, one 
 of the lour youmj; men who had accom])anied .Black IVom 
 England to Nova Scotia in the year ISOO, was }>laccd 
 under orders for liermuda; but Lowry, who Avas quite 
 nntitted hy dis])osition ami lial)ifs for a mission oi ;! >o 
 delicate character, liad re])ortcd liimself unlit for Avork ; 
 iliid requesting leave to return toKngland, liad made ar- 
 rangements to meet ])i-. (,'oke late in the autumn in Xew 
 York, and to carry to England sucli ]»ortions of his Coin- 
 mentary as that unwearied worker might he ahle to ]);e- 
 paro during his voyage to America. J)uring these years, 
 the instructions puhlislied in 1800, l)y whicli permission 
 was given to any missionaries, whose jiealtli might le- 
 quire a change, to visit Bei-muda, Nova Scotia, or New 
 BrunHwick, remained in force; but it may he inuigine<l 
 that to any weary, persecuted, fever-stricken Wo>t Indian 
 missionary, acquainted with Steplienson's fX}>er;ence. the 
 j^iention of ' liberty to visit Bermuda' must have seemed 
 Jike a piece of grim rjiillery, 
 
 iJ,; !• 
 
I 
 
 son to In)|)(^ 
 he name <»!' 
 k's oi" ISOI, 
 n liaxtc'i'. a 
 oi'takc tlu' 
 iko tlic at- 
 tlie islaiitls 
 >))]ion(le(l to 
 1 convcrU'il 
 cnada, an' I 
 . his ,-\if(;v.— 
 isional oiio. 
 t the eml of 
 go to Ijct- 
 c'is llalU'tt 
 I'o lio niado 
 [iowi-y, one 
 Jihick irctu 
 was j)hu't.(l 
 
 Avas qniio 
 >ion of a so 
 t for Avoi'lc ; 
 1(1 ma(U' ar- 
 inn in Xow 
 of his Coni- 
 ahle to ]);'e- 
 hese years, 
 permission 
 
 might I'e-: 
 ia, or New 
 e imagined 
 ^o^t Indian 
 erienee, the 
 ave .seemed 
 
 407 
 
 ;^';;acU,-„ ).UM.,,.H , ';.',:; "? '"'•. '""'-K; an., ,;„ 
 ^^''"^' "-kin. ,,.:,ar„,i,; 'nnn '7 ',"."-■""-- -Wl. 
 «'■'•'>'<» (he Ath,„ti,. (■„/. , , '■ '"" ""'"' ™v..„., 
 
 '"--'-•sin „„ t:,',;-; :'™' '- -w^ ,,„,.,„,.■ „ 
 
 ™P".-t in -Vova Sc-oti,, I, ' , '' ,"'"' ''••"' «"" ^'oo.l 
 ?:'■«- '.-1 .lone, a„.',C:'''^\''r '--•- ^ 
 
 ^"ko then Hxod l,,-:'^,.; , ' i !. ^'^ ''"™ '"'M..v,.„s,.,,.- 
 «-'i". whom 1,0 ea,.ne.;^ V ',"';"," "^"■'- "'' -Nova 
 
 ■^"">, tl,e J>„,„, ,,,„,^. ,, " '- "c.«.,„anee of „,, „„■,. 
 ""«'. 'l"'"!, - On U,e i,e C.' , ,"''';r '"" -'"H-ia.,;.. 
 ^'^«» opening, in Jien„,„la Z'," ' :'."-' '"'^' -'rthn. 
 
 <i""-e '»•„ l,un,|,,„| ,,„„,„ ' '""'-Inn^' a l„,„s.. e„... ,,,. 
 "> >l.c nan,e of t,,e L,„,| y„u . ■.y""":""^' "''"• '"' "" 
 
 Ji^'nmula, i„ ,|,e ■ JJi,,,,,,, , „;'';•;" '" ;-"m,eelion with 
 '■«'<■), the i«lan,ls. H,. ,,, ', , ■*■ '"" ''« "!»„ /ai|e,| „, 
 
 '-^^owYoHc. At «,eC:r: ': '°-^'"''' -^ "'™™ 
 
 -"«'«<i with the n.„.., .„ """'i'"^' "■''" '""1 hecn uj. 
 
 pOi'8C4.'UtorM of 
 
 ^^Jiteiisi 
 
 '^"; i'efu.sed t( 
 
! I 
 
 ! a i 
 
 (I ': 
 
 4G8 
 
 HI STORY OF METHODISM 
 
 )»(i 
 
 'I Hi 
 
 ; m 
 
 t 
 
 ^ ■ V 
 
 1(1 I 'i 
 
 i 
 
 I 1 
 
 'I 
 
 m 
 
 •■■*i 
 
 proceed in the vessel if he wore permitted to go. The 
 captain yielded to their ♦solicitations, and sent the 
 missionary's trunk on shore. No otiicr opportunity 
 liaving oti'ereil, IJlack consulted with tlie ministers in 
 Xew York', and in August, 1804, returned to Halifax, 
 In May, 180G, Coke wrote to liim, urging him to rej)eat 
 the attempt. 'We know of no one,' he said, 'who 
 will do ^br that island as well as you. And hundreds 
 of the jioor peojile there, who long for the (rospel, seem 
 to he perisliing for lack of knowledge. All persecution 
 is removed. One of the greatest ]»ersecutors is himself 
 converted to (iod. God Himself has o])ened the door, and 
 opened it, 1 vei'ily believe, for you. (Jo in the name of 
 tlie Lord.' Jilack consented to renew the attempt, on 
 condition of the apjiointment of two or three other rais- 
 .sionarios to Xova Scotia ; hut the petition addressed to 
 the British (Conference hy all his l)rethren, at the ensuing 
 meeting of the ministers of the Nova Scotia District, 
 prevailed; and he remained in charge of the missions in 
 the Lower Provinces. 
 
 Coke's zeal was of that character whicli finds a stimu- 
 lus in temjHjrar}' failure. The intelligence, which from 
 time to time reached him respecting Bermuda, also ner- 
 ved him to greater effort in belialf of the inhabitants of 
 that group. At Hamilton, where Stephenson had labor- 
 ed, serious declension had taken place; but at St. 
 George's, then the seat of Government, signs of an en- 
 couraging character had appeared. Governor Beck\\ ith 
 had left the island. One of the members of the Council, 
 prominent in his opposition to Stephenson, had, during 
 a visit to England, been led into the way of truth ; and 
 on his retiM'n had not hesitated to make the fact known 
 to his neighbors. He made no attempt to preach, but 
 sought to use his influence as the head of a household for 
 
 ■iiti\ 
 
^ go, TIic 
 
 sent the 
 
 Importunity 
 
 inistei's in 
 
 Iljilifhx. 
 
 1 to re]>c:it 
 said, 'who 
 [ luindreds 
 >spel, seem 
 )ersec'ution 
 
 is himself 
 e dooi', and 
 lie name of 
 tcmjit, on 
 other mis- 
 Idressed to 
 hccnsuinc^ 
 X District, 
 nissions in 
 
 ds astimu- 
 rliich from 
 , also ner- 
 ibitants of 
 liad labor- 
 ut at St. 
 of an en- 
 Bee kA\ ith 
 le Council, 
 id, during 
 ruth ; and 
 let known 
 reach, but 
 sehold for 
 
 ^^ J^J^JiMUDA. 
 
 ''y pvaycr with tl,„ „u.ni e,.s 'jV ".■■^"'"". ■•""I Mio.y^a 
 -•'">• "f In, noi«,,.„, ,,.:;.V'';: '■"'-;''"'•' "n,i „, 
 
 -« the .,„.i„^ „, , ;;; "V ' ""r "- '"'••""'■^- j*..,- 
 
 ^'^'■"""l.. o„ l.,si„c.s.s c.>,nl ',''', ?^';'^ *"•" "'0"ll..s in 
 
 In aSTovemhoi' 7s'ri- i i 
 
 !;« i'eooivcl „ Icttc,. f,.ora ,he If .■.■^"'"'' ^^^ «■• "I'- 
 (^""'-•c,K.o,an,lan„,lHM ,•,.„' j ""'T,'"^^^ "'^ "- British 
 
 «-""'- <o the c,-e., 0,. vi:^: ;^„ f^,-'-' '''-1. ., 
 
 '■«'■:■>" to doubt «.hotho,. J ■] , . , ''" '''''>'■ ^ >':"> S'va, 
 
 J«'"^'"™, o.tai.h, «utt«.io„, 7 "■'■'''"'"• l"-'"l^-'K-.s 
 
 «oiil(l not ron,«o. The vrill of "i ' " ""'*''""■ ''^"'l i 
 
 <''oa.|,,K,i„t,„entofP,.ovi,lo,,c-o\ "',""'?" '°'""'''' '" '« 
 
 -"■"■«lon n>ot .oo„ aft,,,- ol; ,■ ,,''","' ^'■■'■'■•■"•"'' "•'""m 
 
 •^■H,>enc.o, enc«un.,.„, ,,",;"' " "" """■«'"'■"« "- 
 
 •\l«tto.. of intnxl,;;,-! ,"■;?'•■''' ''^- " l"-»»-« "f 
 
 '- '-"iiy into hi, :r c:^ ;;." .'■v" rr^- ^^ '--•- 
 
 """■0 prudent to,- hi„. „, ...oee , . :;:"''. ''» "-SLt 
 J^l latent, of tho .ea,«„',.„n,|"' ' ,"" "]'"'""•> ••"one. 
 «"t.i tl.c fbl,o„,„,, ,j».in«, a t ' r '" ''"""'•""■<-■ 
 
: lit Ml 
 
 '^^'^g: 
 
 "■h -i - 
 
 I i 
 
 ' 'I 
 
 470 
 
 JIISrORY OF METHODISM 
 
 u-;ivc ^^a^s<lon and liis wife o]>])()i'tiini(y to look at their 
 (lilHciilt mission at their Umsuiv. A resolution ot' tho 
 Confoi'cnoo of 18(>7, containinL? the first otlicial utterance 
 of that l)0(ly U])on the suhjeet of slavery, contributed to 
 illcretls(^ ])erj)lexity, and to lessen their ]>ros|)ect of a 
 favorable recej)tion. 'The (^)nference determines.' it 
 was said in thcii* Minutes lor that year, 'that none of 
 our ))i'eacliers eni|)loyed in the West Indies shall be at 
 liberty to mari-v anv [)erson who will not i)reviouslv 
 emancipate, in the lei>-al methods, all tho slaves of whom 
 she may bo ])0ssessed ; and if any (mi* brethren thei'o. 
 already mtirried, have by such marriaL!;o, oi* in any other 
 way, become ])ro|)ri(^tors of slaves, we reiiuire those 
 brethren to take iniineiliate and etl'ectual steps for thcii* 
 emancij)alion.' ]\Ia!"sden and his wife sou<;'ht the solu- 
 tion of these <lillicultios by lookinii; ' unto the hills.' 
 whence comcth help. From tho time that notice of 
 their a])|)ointment reached them, each Friday was set 
 apart by them as a day of special prayer in reference to 
 l!ic future inissi(;n. 
 
 Ivirl}' in A])ril, 1S08. they went on l)oar(l a schooner 
 b;>nnd to the Hahamas, the ca])tain havin*^ agreed to call 
 at Bermu<la to land them. After a ])assago of fourteen 
 days, durini;' which they cxj)eriencod every kindness 
 from all on board, but during the last five days of which 
 they encountered great danger from a succession of 
 severe gales, they came in sight of the islands. Tho 
 thoughts of Josluia^rarsden's heart that night were not 
 of a joyous character. The 'softness of tho air, with its 
 balmy sweetness coming from the green cedars,' and 
 * the pros])ect of being on shore,' failed to give ' elasticity' 
 to his s))irits. ' My f'aitli,' lie wrote, ' was staggerod 
 witii fear that I should not be received. None on board 
 knew tho weight that was pressing on my spirits. * -H * 
 
 1| ii 
 
1/ 
 
 )olv Hi tlieir 
 tion of the 
 il iittorance 
 Uribiited to 
 ospcot ol' ;i 
 ermines.' it 
 lat none ot' 
 sliall be at 
 previously 
 ois of whom 
 ireu tlu'i'o, 
 1 any otluM" 
 uirc tliose 
 
 )S foi" tluMI" 
 
 t the solii- 
 the liills; 
 ^ iiotioe of 
 y was sot 
 :'fci't'iK'e to 
 
 ;i fschoonoi* 
 'oed to call 
 f fourtooii 
 kindness 
 ^ of wliieli 
 L'ession of 
 ids. Tlio 
 
 were not 
 r, with its 
 lars/ and 
 elasticity' 
 *^ta<i^^rei'od 
 
 on boaril 
 
 ^S. "i* 'f^ 'f^ 
 
 ^-v Jii:iiMri)A 
 
 ■171 
 
 l'l><'' iiii,, iliomi.lsi 
 
 ;;- ''■"■"•-in. wui, ,...,;/'" ;;;f-'; ''-i-i w^^^^^^ 
 
 • '""■«T„„ml ,;,, ,„v.„.|i,. ,'■ '"" "'"■•'• l-nv„o 
 
 ■''''■'■""■ 'I- i.'n.- s,,.ri ■'■':' '''•^' '"'"'' ■■''■'•^^ 
 
 .''""^'-- -.,:;.;:;;!'';;•' mi,..,... „.„„;. 
 
 :^"" ""■""."I' 11,0 „.,.,.„„. ,'^■■■'.'"'."■'"■'"1 I'H. ..M,„.... 
 
 ''""""•"I linloi,,,,.,,,,,. ;;","■'■'"■« '•''■■"-,.!. i „,;. 
 
 -'■'•■ionti,- ,..,,.,,,,,,,,,.,;;■ •;■;;;«'- .^/.■^.., .,,.,„„ 
 
 ';'"■"• ^'-^i"-'»e,.„-,„.,i,,,i,.,i„ 7 7"""" '"■ «'-i"i- .., ..„l- 
 ''^'■•'■■''''--''•''■.■'Min , '■'r'T';''''-''" ^'■■""•'- 
 
 '^-'■".-•^■'■■.•<>-■.,.C\;,., :, '-■■"'■'inK..,,.,.; 
 
 ';■"■'■"'■''- .«-™vr,,iiiHie I,, ,;:.';•'■■■■'''•' ""■ -"-nut.. I 
 ''''''•■"'''•''^■'^'"n,,,.,,.,„;,|,,,,.■; ''■"''■ "''^' "■■In. «,.,,... 
 
 ^-'••---.^'HK^des; i;;;r:;^/-'--^<-aln.a,ed 
 renHuvIheranchora^e (' 'r^*^'*''''^'^'ves..,l,ad 
 
 h' ''H.U towards U,e s I, , '" r"''''^"' ^'-'--s <.;, 
 <""i.inu- to fl.. .L ' ^^''^''•^' lio stood. Uwi., 
 
 •^iiore ihev 
 
 '^^■;7'-^i'i^orcc, byu-hichl 
 
 '<-->iiivd \U 
 
 '^'"iild land 
 
 J)el 
 
 ^Voiild be 
 
 passen^-er, a 
 
 <-' CMptain tJial 
 
 t>iTnined to k 
 
 ']'I"'^'lH-nded and 
 
 "^ '"^"on as In 
 
 'ind called upo 
 
 n C 
 
 "o^v the worst, Marsd 
 
 •^^11 1 to pri 
 
 sun. 
 
 'ovej-nor Jlod 
 
 en soon after landed 
 
 g^^on, to pi'csent the J 
 
 ettur 
 
m 
 
 ,^ 
 
 K 
 
 ■U 
 
 ^;1 
 
 I < 
 
 \r.l\ ^ 
 
 ii ■ 
 
 •1:2 
 
 JIISTOJiY OF METHODISM 
 
 fVom Colonel Buyanl. Kin Kxocllency, boinii; c!\l,^'^l:•e<i, 
 ro(|iicstc'(l liiiiito call on tholollowiniiimorniiiL!;. In scarc-li 
 ofMotliodists, of none of whom he could hoar, save Peter 
 Pallas, lie hired a boat to take Jiim to Hamilton. Jlo 
 found the old man — who, to his sorrows endured for 
 riichleousness sake, had added the self-inHieted troubles 
 resultinij; from an ill-assorted marriau;e. — "jiressed down 
 to the earth by ])overty, aJllietion, and ])erseeution,' Mr. 
 Pallas ijjave him a detailed actiount of his personal trials 
 and persecution; informed liim that. throui;'h deaths, 
 and i-emovals, and jicrseeution, very few of those raised 
 up Ihrouu'h ,Ste]>henson's ministry could be found ; :inil 
 ex|)ressed aw o])inion that, as nothiiiij; definite respectiiit^ 
 the rei)eal of the ])enal statute had transpired, it was 
 doubtful whether he would be ])ermitted to preach, or 
 whether any person would be disposed to incur the risk of 
 openini^ his house for worship. With a sad heart, which 
 sometimes found relief in tears, Marsden j'etui'ued to St. 
 (Jeorge's. Unable to procure lodgings on shore, every 
 house being tilled with officers of the armv and navv, 
 who were gathered there to proceed to the attack on 
 Martini([ue, he retui'ned to the vessel. Thei'e he was 
 encouraLied bv the calmness of Mrs. Marsden. who. in 
 reliance u])on ' exceeding gs'eat and precious promises ' 
 which the .Sj)irit had brought to her remembrance, ])0s- 
 sessed her soul in patience as she awaited the results of 
 lier husband's in(iuiries. 
 
 Temptations to act the part of a Jonali were neither 
 few nor slight. The members of the vestry of 8t. 
 (leorge's had been called together to consult how the 
 missionary might bo sent away, or ])revented from 
 ])reaching; and several persons who had been on board 
 Jiad privately assured the captain that his passengers 
 would not bo allowed to remain. At the same time a 
 
u 
 
 )£C eni^'-no-ed, 
 :. Ill scaivii 
 ', save Pt'tcr 
 lilton. TIo 
 iiidured ior 
 eel troiihles 
 OS sod down 
 lit ion.' Ml'. 
 "<onaI tiials 
 u,"h deaths, 
 liosc i-aised 
 oiind; .'iiid 
 rospot'lin^- 
 'cd, it was 
 preach, or 
 the I'isk of 
 'iirt^wliieli 
 !'ned to St. 
 )ro, eve'iy 
 and navy, 
 Jittaek on 
 I'c lie was 
 . wlio. in 
 promises ' 
 a nee, ])os- 
 resiilts of 
 
 •0 neither 
 ly of 8t. 
 how the 
 ted fi'oni 
 on board 
 issengei's 
 e time a 
 
 J^"^ Jii:iiMUDA. 
 
 '^ttn on shore, and l.-wi , ''I'lam iJ<.aMic ,, ;.. 
 
 ;--^ "•■ ".0 in,.u ,^ ::::;\' '-^p-i' ..>.•...,•,,.,„;„:;: 
 
 ""I in Ills ,1,1 '.III in /lis poK-,,.- t„ 
 
 """i^J <Tonei';i , t|,.|, i,„ ,' '"ot .liislioo .•ii„| ,1,,, 
 
 "■''^■"'^'- "ny I,,, '„;::'' ""«i.t /oi.,.„ 1,0,,, „, ^^; 
 
 ;:::"■■•', "■''«"-*■ none ,:^ ■/"■^■''' T'-.U„„.„„. 
 -.'-■on..ino.,i,,fo,,„,;-.j;-;o;;...,,ini,,ii ,,,,., 
 
 ^^^" Of JVlarsd 
 
 iieem 
 
 'C' ^>iittheChiefJ 
 
 ^»« mission, jf 
 
 ^'■^^''■e ^\•i(h i\ 
 
 ^^;";^uitation with the C 
 ^vith liberty to 
 
 "•^t'ce objected to 
 
 U'sdeji iW^n askod 
 
 10 jjrosecu- 
 
 of a 1 
 
 Pi'each for tl 
 
 ""'^•'■J- J^owas^l 
 
 .^•'•'*"t it without 
 
 'en di.« 
 
 The h 
 
 i^'en.so, if (j,^3 ^, 
 
 The G 
 
 eeneo ^vus ne 
 
 ^""eil should 
 
 ^' PJ-esent, and th 
 
 •missod. 
 
 ^TOvornorfulriiiedh 
 
 yei' received, and 
 
 '^^^ ^it to ^v 
 
 I)i'onii> 
 
 "^va.s nev 
 
 ^■'^ fo'™e,-fi.io„. a,;' n'M:.'"'"'!'^' '»"^'« '-■ the 
 
 !ua it. 
 er J-equired. 
 
 'O'urd. Iti« 
 
 not i 
 
 «akc of 
 "M^robal.Je 
 
rh^\ 
 
 mm 
 
 1 111 
 
 ! i ■) 
 
 •';-;-t, 
 
 ■ *;;■ 
 
 
 4 
 
 t t 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM' 
 
 tli:it Marsik'n's immunity i'vom MttiMiiplod (listiii'l»;uu'0 
 l>y .!u' riOii'ishitiirc, was, in i)iii't, a I'osnlt ot' tlu> sorioiis 
 (lis-('n--i<)ns lictwooii (JovoiMioi' Ifodn-son and llic colonial 
 rc|i;'('si»ntativi'>, which (^)nimcnccd ahont the time of 
 .Marsdcn's arrival, and continued until tho departure of 
 till' <lovei'nor. in 1810. 
 
 hillitulties ot'a minor (diaractei' vet ivmained ; hut 
 thi'Mi^'h these the Lord _i;"ently led His servant. On the 
 day (in whi(di j)ermission was <j;iven hiui to preaidi. he 
 to(i|< hin wile and child to tlio liotel. His mone\' wan 
 wli'illy exi)endi'd; hul a ' j)eri'ect stran,i;;ei',' wlio was leav- 
 iiiu' the islands, took his di-aft ibr lil'ty jtounds. and thus 
 enilikMJ him to ])ay his passa^'e money, and ket>]) a sum 
 on hand Ibi* future expiuises. The (diar^'es at the hotel 
 we:«' eiioi-mous, and the room oc('U])ie(l couhluotbe used 
 for ]ii achini!; ; hut a serii;eant of tlie Royal Artiileiy, 
 jirciously uid<nown to .^^ars<len, seai"(died the town, and 
 informed him that rooms, whitdi an otKcer under oi-dtM-s 
 foi' ITalifax wa-- ahout to leave, inii;"ht he immediately 
 ohtained. These wei'^ l;;1 ad ly hired. ' Ilaviiiii; ii;ot our 
 ba^-ii'ii.u'o into our rooms, we felt,' writes Marsden, 'as 
 lively a satisfaction as thoui;'h we had taken possession 
 of a pahice,' 
 
 in one of those rooniR, on tho followinij Sunday nioi-n- 
 inii,-. .loshua Marsden commoncodhis ministry in Bermuda. 
 ]Iis landlord, Daniel Melliroy, a free man of color, i^'avo 
 notice of the intended .sorvico on Saturday ovonini;-; hut 
 only ten ])ersons listened on the followin_u^ morniiii;" to 
 an exposition of tlie command; 'Preach tho Gospel to 
 every creature.' Five of those were, ]\[rs. Marsden. tho 
 caj)tain and mate of tho schooner, and tho suporcari>;o and 
 his wife; tho others wero colored ijooplo boloni^ing to tho 
 family of tho landlord. 
 
 Stephenson had preached almost wholly in tlio 
 
1/ 
 
 (listm'l)aiK'o 
 tli(^ sofioiis 
 lln' colonijil 
 tlio tiiiu' of 
 lopiU'dirc of 
 
 iaiiio(I ; l»iit 
 
 lit. Oil tlic 
 
 l)roa('li, he 
 
 inonev was 
 o was loav- 
 
 ■'^. and (Ims 
 voo]) a sum 
 ■ lllO hotel 
 not he II sod 
 Ai'dlKM-y, 
 • town, and 
 id 01" oihKm-s 
 iniodiati'ly 
 ,i; ,i;"ot our 
 I'sdoii, • as 
 possesision 
 
 day morii- 
 Boi-nnuhi. 
 oloi', li'avo 
 nino-; I Hit 
 loniinn' to 
 Gospel to 
 I'sdon. the 
 :'ai;i>-o and 
 ing to tho 
 
 ^ in the 
 
 ^^v /i/:/,'Mrj)A. 
 
 . ■-• •-■ In m, |,ari or i|„. ,„i' , '""" "' ><i. 
 
 V':""^'' ""Kiva,,-,,,, , ,,,'■'.' -'I'-".....!,,,;,, 
 
 ,"'" '"-'"'■-^v.' .v,r;;r" '■••"■""■'i-i". 
 
 _ '•|-".MianH,.,.... ,,,,,, ;;:'■"". ^- Iau.h„n,v..„- 
 
 ;':'■ \ "■'''■''■ •^'••'■Hiin,o/,;t ;''?''" '■''•''''■'"'' '•'■■•■■- 
 
 '■ ."^"w Mo». o„ „„....„. r,„; ■^''"■"■•■. '■"■.•iv.-i . 
 
 •'"^•'"ma, I,o,„,.o.: a„ i„v .,f ' , """' '"'"^eir i,, a 
 
 ^iinoi-al of one of 
 
 Ai 
 
 ] 
 
 lis 
 
 '/ytunato solution oft! 
 
 pan's! 
 
 :i'/^'"t request to at 
 
 c'nahled iiiin to 
 
 ie( 
 
 of a 
 
 com I 
 
 um 
 
 uonej-s aci 
 
 cuj 
 
 'ift'orded 
 J^ad tlio 
 Jnov 
 
 room in tl 
 
 'i/ie 
 
 fy im 
 
 tend (he 
 os.s tlie ],arl 
 
 >oi' 
 
 'I viow of il 
 
 'C parsoiia 
 
 I'Joasure and duty Tl 
 •\^^^ overlooked (ho harl 
 
 ^^''ifed itself, Mild 
 
 ^'^u\ements of Ui 
 ^y si^-nals made 
 
 «ornee for (he hurial 
 
 '"-' o])posi(e island, j 
 
 ^ window 
 an(| 
 
 )oi- 
 
 I'firty at tj 
 
 by 
 
 le 
 
 '1 eaudlo 
 
 at tl 
 
 " ^^I'tt room ho 
 
 in;-- the 
 «;-^'ve on tl,e i.land 
 
 '^^ the dead, guid 
 
 iO 
 
 Window. XJ 
 
 poa 
 
'""*i'N 
 
 
 47<J 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 Ili(» removal of 1 ho candle tlio ])arly jtrocociU'd to Imry 
 tlu'ir <lcu(l, Uiid the cU'ri^^yinan to liu' (|uai'ters ol" his 
 military ii'ionds. Those vai^ai'ios were, howevor, moi-o 
 cxcusahic than certain facts connected with his own 
 mode of livini;', oi* with that of a hrotluT cleriryman, 
 whoso irrciiiularities became so fiv(|uent and so marked 
 that his ])arishionei"s at last ])laced helore him the 
 alternative of marriai^'e or dismissal ; or «jf another whose 
 exiravaicant living, and freiinent losses at the i^^amim^ 
 table, led him on a certain Sabbath morniiifi;, while his 
 conii^reL,^ation at the parish chui'ch waited Ioiil? for him, 
 to take a ha^ty farewell, by goini:; on board u man-of- 
 war, just leaving the islands. It is only justice to add 
 that the morals of the men who occu])y the pulpits in 
 wjiich these formerly stood, present, generally, a bright 
 contrast to those of their ])redccessors. 
 
 To disarm prejudice, and to ]>rove that he was not an 
 enemy to the Episcopal Chui-ch, Marsden occasionally 
 attended tin* services of that Church, and avoided the 
 iiolding of his own at the same hour as much as possible. 
 To do this was not difficult ; as the Episcopal minister, 
 ])rcaching but once on each Sabbath, had to perform 
 duty in four parishes. His own congregation steadily 
 increas'.vl. Six weeks after Ids arrival, not less than 
 sixty i»er8ons listened to him. Among these vrere some 
 whites of the more respectable class. Indications of 
 intcn»st in his message, and sympathy with his etforts, 
 which under other circumstances might have been of 
 loss value, cheered the lieart of the missionary-. Several 
 whites and a few colored peo})lc appeared thoughtful, 
 knelt at prayer, and also lingered as the congregation 
 withdrew, to speak with him; then little presents of 
 fruit, and of water, which at the time was ver}' scarce in 
 the islands, were sent in ; then one morning fifteen dol- 
 
It'd to biuy 
 •tui's of his 
 'over, move 
 h Jiis own 
 C'lcM'ij^yniuii, 
 so mai'ki'd 
 e liim ilic 
 
 >tlK!l' wliKse 
 
 lio ^^aniiiio* 
 , whilu liis 
 lie for liiin, 
 i a inaii-')l- 
 tice to add 
 2ndj)i(s ill 
 y, a briglic 
 
 was iiol an 
 L^casionally 
 voided llic 
 IS |)ossil»lo. 
 I ministoi", 
 -o perform 
 n steadily 
 less tlian 
 v.'ere some 
 cations of 
 Ills etfoi'ts, 
 been of 
 . tSeveral 
 hough tful, 
 igregation 
 •esents of 
 '■ scarce in 
 fteen dol- 
 
 477 
 '••"•s were l.ron..-l,( (,, i,;„. , 
 
 ''""""■■'I ^I'^llirov , si ' '; ■■"""".-'"■'•<-.•" was 1 is 
 
 ''-„..s,,„a,van.i t„; ':;;7:'';''M"^^^^^ ,„, 
 
 fm> w,„„o„ „<v„|o,. we,.,. '""■^"." "•'"■^l"!'. 'i-u-o 
 
 -■"'■""•■.I ins„.,u..i„„. A ■ „ ... " "m" "I""""' •• 
 
 n;U„o,l M„,,..s,, „,,i all Ms , ,' ' '"'' ""'"-' -"an, 
 
 "'■ .vai c.«nvo,.si„„. Tl ,. , ."•■;;' ^'7 '^""■« --l-u.o 
 years of a^a-, i,o..a„ ,„ ,,•„,, '"""'' "'■"'■b- «-v,.„ty 
 
 '^■1' n,o islan,ls ,1, , . . 'V" '■«"'• "'"1. "1.™ iVa,..s,|,. , 
 
 r-1 speiiin,, or a ,4. :^;''::'■•^ ••''''-•■ ''-v. 1,0 ,,..,.„: 
 
 K'ciune one „f tl.e ,„„s, , ; , " '"■''"'■ ^''^ wilb 
 
 '''••'''l-0-i.UWm:,la '"''''''''■" '^'^^''"--tia,,. of 
 
 Among (l,„sc,vl,ites,vho soon I, 
 «-ve,al y„„nj, ,„^„ „., '.> '' 'Si. (.eo,.ge',s, „.e..e 
 
 >'- been „e„ii„ne,l; a,, V ^^ :r':!'''' -J-«la.,.l 
 P»rt„,.„ had been waitin,, ft,,? ' ■"• '"">•' "^ ^»» Je- 
 "■■•"-'-h they we,.e now 1:""';;:P- :";■'> - "..-"t 
 number as when you left „s Ml , ^ " "'" ''<'"""■" "> 
 806, to one of the!,, nul 1 „, f'"'," "•"»»" "' •'""o 
 l.'"'l. ' Wo have pi.oaohin7!, "'' "*"'•"<"' ^ Kn,,. 
 
 «i.o .„i„.te..s «irut"-'^:::^~,v"-''.'''yoneof 
 
 days are spent we tru.t for our souls ,'"?'" ^""^'^ 
 
 you know, a private meeting onw'VT ^^'^ '"''' ='^ 
 -, that friend of the Cross, hn f. !^ ' ^"^'«« 
 
 of 
 
 ■OSS, but he h 
 
 ^st^:^^dit!;:tn^^"-^-^'^-^^^ 
 
 I^ord who hath order du We h' "T"^' '^^ ^^ ' 
 ported through everv til . "^^ ^""^ ^^^^«rto 
 gn eveiy trial, and thoue-h Jnf. ,•_ 
 
 lately 
 away, 
 it is the 
 sup. 
 
 though left in a dry 
 
in , 
 
 •fit. 
 
 
 ] I 
 
 If 
 
 i Hi ill 
 
 IHIi 
 
 111 ' I 
 
 478 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 land, wo have no doiilil hut lliat tlic Lord will ivIVoli 
 us in His own (inio l»y tiio scndiiiij: of II is servants ainoiii;' 
 ii>. and that, ineanw'iilc, \\v will hlcss our jtersoverancc, 
 in Jlis ways.' M)ur dwollinix," tlu'V added, 'is, as it 
 were, anionu; wolves, hut we will look' to .lesiis. It'(iod 
 l»e lor us, who shall he aji^ainst us?' 'Pliese youiiii; men, 
 ret'oi;'ni/-in_ii; in Marsden the leader for whom they had 
 waited, at a period when connection with Methodism 
 involved a struLr.irh' invsemhlini;' that of hreakinu; throw i;h 
 the restrictions ot' caste in the lOast. ollV>red tliemsehes 
 ibr menilicrship. The}' wci'o acce|»ted, and were included 
 in the MotluHlist (*hui'ch of forty meinhers, whiti' and 
 colored, formed l»y ^[arsden in June, 18()S. The initials 
 of the live young men, fi-oni whose* letter, written in ISOd, 
 a jiarai:;raph has been quoted, neaidy all con'cspond with 
 the names of the leaders and stewards afiix'e<l to the ad- 
 dress forwarded from St. (reor<jje's, in 180[), to the 
 Jiritish Conference. Three sisters of the name of Eankiii, 
 a name lionorahly associated witli ^lethodism in that 
 town, in the past, and at the ]iresent, were also among 
 the earliest members of the infant cliurch. 
 
 The most prominent member of this little society 
 \vas probably John Darrell ; but another, through his 
 talents, ])ublic position, and longer life, became the re- 
 jn-esontativc man of Methodism in Bermuda. This was 
 Kichard M. Iliggs, Esq. For many years he devoted his 
 superior abilities and energies to the promotion of the 
 cause of Christ. During that period, no man had more 
 to do with the maintenance of the spiritual and tinancial 
 interests of the Church in his native islands, than he. 
 Inflexihly firm as a Methodist, and therefore ' tlie friend of 
 all, and the enemy of none,' he know nothing of that fool- 
 ish deference which has too often been paid in Bermuda 
 to the welf-asscrted claims of the clerical representatives 
 
'<1 will ivfVoIi 
 ici'vantsanioiii;- 
 r ]tei-soveraiicc 
 ie<l, 'is, as it 
 -Testis. iCdod 
 :o \'()iui_L,^ men, 
 hoin they Iiad 
 li Mctliodism 
 akiiin; (liroiiu-li 
 :'(l tlicinsc'lvcs 
 wore iiicIiKK'.l 
 rs, wliilc ainl 
 TIic initials 
 i-itten in iSOd, 
 iTospond Mith 
 vchI to the ad- 
 l.'^OO, to the 
 ineof J^aidvin, 
 'lisni in tliat 
 3 also aiiioiiy 
 
 little society 
 throiii;-Ii Ids 
 came the ro- 
 il. Tin's was 
 c devoted his 
 notion of the 
 an had moi-e 
 and finaneial 
 lis, than he. 
 ' the friend of 
 : of that fool- 
 in Bermuda 
 )resentatives 
 
 "^a dominant Ohiireh Onfi 
 
 ''■""''•■■■"•■'ii'-"rH,cw:^ :''■'''■''''■■ '''■'-■"■0 
 
 ^;'"")'^'''"'«i.'-h:;; ,:::;:';; :''-7-'.i^..' ;■ 
 
 ■'^"'■'Oly in Jiorn.uda, ,„„„„.. ' '■'■•■""'"■'■ 'i^at 
 
 "''■'-'<'^^WK«cM.M,Hh: "'7' :'"■"'''« "'•''"■■list 
 
 K"n„»|,e,| ,vi(h nJ ,1 '.""'""^•"l""Ml,o, ,,,.„, 
 
 .=^'--0 ovo,. ti,„ „• , ' ::;:r'-'"' "r"'^' ■^•■- '■""' 
 
 "««n'l'tol toc,-a.o(h; title , , "'" '''•■''■'"'" ''-1 
 
 h'« e..,ni,lai„t to the Govc,-„„ '.'f ".'"'''^'"'■'•■■"■'.■.■.1 
 
 '"•-if bof„,.e ,,i • eII;; "':;;!r'-7'''' j^^' i-^™;.:; 
 
 < ..-.plain ami .evoral „f hi, f, ,;„^ "V;); l'"' ''^' '" ' "- 
 
 tl'e chaplain's sriovan.-o M, tp '"'™'-"o<' ►^laie.i 
 too„«ly informclhis J&c'cll™;,. , f ^^ '" '■'-''''-^•' '"".- 
 "'attcr to bo hcyond his iu.-^i;' ''^ '■""•^'''ercl ,he 
 party aggrieved to the ,.,-,., .:"""• •""' '''^'^ncd a 
 
 informed the pai-tios 
 
 civil I, 
 
 uv 
 
 noth 
 is butoneof coui-tc 
 
 present that (I 
 
 At fh 
 
 'ng in the case. The tide Jiev 
 
 10 ( 
 
 t' f*.'«nio time J. 
 ivil law coul.l t| 
 
 )0 
 
 *y. You 
 
 man as your minister, and 
 
 I'O'r 
 
 C'-^^-d,' he ohs. 
 'i'-(l the %isco|)aI cl 
 
 o 
 
 ervofj 
 
 speak of h 
 
 ej-n- 
 
 im in u con 
 
 !iin 
 

 »-■ 1!^:' 
 
 i i| 
 
 Ml: 
 
 .'I- ; '; 
 
 im 
 
 480 
 
 JIISrORY OF METHODISM 
 
 style ; I rci^ard Mr. Sutcliffe as my minister, and speak 
 of liim in tiie same way.' Q'lie determinccl Mctiiodist 
 Hoon after left the Government House, liavini^ fifiven 
 small satisfaction to the agii^rieved cliaplain. In 1824, 
 Mr. lli^^'s was elected one of the rc])resentatives for the 
 parish of St. George's, in the House of Assemhly. That 
 position he continued to hold for many years, durini^ 
 wlu(!h he was the well-known advocate of every lil)eral 
 measure for the public good. Towards the close of life 
 some diiferences of opinion between himself, and some 
 other official members of the Methodist church at St. 
 Geoi'gc's, led him for a time to attend the services of the 
 Church from which in early life he had withdrawn ; but 
 failinir to find in these the assistance he needed, lie 
 returned to those of the Church of his adoption. A 
 Methodist minister was privileged to stand beside Iiim 
 at the close of life, and watch him as he prepared, at a 
 good old age, to depart to the rest, into which so many 
 of the early Methodists of Bermuda had proceeded him. 
 He took his departure, to join these, in September 1851. 
 
 The work of the pastor was of a varied character. 
 The religious instruction of the colored people was ren- 
 dered difficult by their inability to read. He therefore 
 persuaded one of the young men, who had come to his assis- 
 tance, to open a school for their children. Many of them 
 learned quickly, and in turn instructed their parents. A 
 Sunday school, opened soon after Marsden's arrival at 
 St. George's, by some ladies of that town, under the 
 j)atronagc of Lady Warren, for the instruction of the col- 
 ored children, also proved an assistance to the mission- 
 ary. To teach them to sing was loss difficult. A quick 
 ear for music, and a good voice, are gifts possessed by 
 the African race in a peculiar degree. A military band- 
 master, whoso band had for some time practiced a 
 
 * 
 
and spoak 
 Metliodist 
 in,i( ft'ivcii 
 In 1824, 
 ^os for the 
 •ly. That 
 •s, chin'nt!^ 
 siy libonil 
 ose of life 
 and Homo 
 ch at 8t. 
 cos of the 
 iwn ; but 
 Jodcd, ho 
 •tion. A 
 side liini 
 I'ed, at a 
 so manj' 
 ied him. 
 3er 1851. 
 
 laractor. 
 wa.s ren- 
 hercfore 
 his assis- 
 of them 
 ents. A 
 rival at 
 der the 
 the col- 
 nission- 
 1 quick 
 ssed by 
 y band- 
 ticod a 
 
 ^^' J^ehmvda. 
 
 481 
 
 f'cHainjMcco of music. .. 
 
 ^'-'7-o^nad,whistIin.ino J /^l"'"-^. to hoar u 
 ^•^'»<'oi' the most diifi;,, ; ' ^'" ■^^'•^'^''•^ ^'t-St. Geo,..,.; 
 
 '^'it^eeoded in .? < 7 '^'^ '•'"HmcHs of n,„ • ^^' 
 
 --alehurehosoftL. r*;--''^^i-'-i.-^^ 
 
 -•^>mod the n.u.iea, ^.n^,^^ '"^"^"^^^'^ ^-"^' then 
 ^''"'■^'J^ofSt.Gooi^e'.. ^^'^ ^-'-vu-es at the pan>/, 
 
 ---|-ithU.titll -.^^ 
 t^'»Pt shon.. the pastor 1 ^.nf ""'' ^ '"■"^" ' ^''^'^ ^-n- 
 
 ^'--toftheirattendance , '"""'-''^Mreatedona. 
 
 -^t.on having heennade""'^''*^'^'- An i.p. 
 t^'^'^Tantofasmall lot of , ' ''^''■"*^'' ^^-'.^-on i; , 
 
 '^ «^'<3et a small ehure . '"''" ^''^' ''^-"' "" ^\^l 
 
 -otalready^,.,,,J'''\^-I'-''-H. if u.elan. ' 
 
 n 
 
 for t] 
 
 10 
 
 *ady 
 purpo 
 
 'SO 
 
 t'li-n to loarn tl 
 
 ^^'^^. to do all in ] 
 proposed, and 
 ^ I'esiilt of i 
 
 H.^' 
 
 I'o^vei- to (,h,. 
 
 /■«l»ested 3la,-sd 
 
 (in i" 
 
 •■"'--b- turno-l. InAuJ ''::"'''.','''''■•- ''''■« <i.l 
 
 bad 
 
 J"w-eascd to n\ 
 
 Xv 
 
 '^''^•^t 1808, tl 
 
 ';^^^H/ar services had 1 
 
 of wj 
 
 ' '^lonieinbei 
 
 ^''1 to IV- 
 
 Jo had 
 
 '""i twelve A 
 
 '^ in s: 
 
 'eje(v 
 
 
 '■^''■t' \\iii( 
 
 <-'S. 
 
 St. J); 
 
 leoi-. 
 
 ;'o s. 
 
 ^^^i^I'.s, t],e Crawl 
 •'^^\t, a small society ] 
 
 '''"oas had also I 
 
 ', and If; 
 
 U'2'i,> 
 
 <ind 31 
 
 ano-rove /} 
 
 '^'^'" ]»reached 
 
 "lonthofSeptembc 
 ^i person who iiud bo 
 
 '«'"' also been i 
 And before tii 
 
 fv 
 
 ^At 80 
 
 at 
 
 orined dii 
 
 nier- 
 
 cn one c ' the cd 
 
 Jose of that 
 'i^'i'iustrumon't 
 
 '■J",i^' the 
 
 .)'ear, 
 
 ■•s in 
 
4S2 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 't'' 
 
 : wij^i^; 
 
 t i 
 
 H 
 
 li. 
 
 ni 
 
 wwu 
 
 procuring the passage of the law by which Stephenson's 
 condemnution lia<l been secured, had, through some trans- 
 gression, become an occupant of tlic very room, on the 
 floor of which Stephenson had briefly recorded with his 
 penknife, his sufferings in his Master's service. 
 
 At the commencement of the year 1S09, no society 
 had been foi'med at Hamilton. Marsden, who had re- 
 moved to Devonshire parish in the autumn of 1808, 
 removed thence to Hamilton earlv in the following year, 
 lie had previously preached at an inn, in that place, 
 but few had come to iiear. After his removal, he hired 
 a long room over some stores, ca))al)lc of accommodiiting 
 about one hundi-ed hearers, for a preaching place. This 
 room was soon crow<le«i on the Sabbath, and frequently 
 on the week-evenings. Several whites, at this time, be- 
 came deeply interested in the (-rospel as preached by 
 Marsden. One of these, who in later days became the 
 wife of a Wesleyan missionary, had, though but a child, 
 previously expressed a desire to hear the ju-eacher, but 
 liad been prevented from listening to him by her mot her. 
 One evening she threw her bonnet from a window, and ])ut- 
 ting it on in the street, walked to the forbidden place. 
 ]\Iai'sden pi'cached about those who were first called 
 Christians at Antioch. While listening to him she in- 
 wardly prayed, ' Lord make me one of them.' Marsden, 
 seeing the young girl's timidity about returning homo, 
 offered to accompany her. The mother, pleased with his 
 Dianners and conversation, not only ceased to oppose her 
 child's wishes, but, at the formation of the society a few 
 months later, she, with her two daughters, united 
 with it, and continued to be a worthy member to tho 
 close of life. Encouraged by the attendance, and by tho 
 friendly spirit of several merchants; and convinced that 
 tho accomplishment of his mission, in relation t.-i the 
 
h Stoi)henson's 
 gh Homo trans- 
 i-oom, on the 
 )rcled witli his 
 vice. 
 
 )9, no society 
 who had ve- 
 imn of 1808, 
 1 lowing year. 
 1 that 2)hicc, 
 val, he iiirod 
 ?ommo(]a(ing 
 place. Tliis 
 ><i frequently 
 his tim(3, bc- 
 prcached by 
 became the 
 but a child, 
 i-eaclicr, but 
 hermotJier. 
 o\v, and piit- 
 dden ])lace. 
 first called 
 dm she in- 
 Mar.sden, 
 ning home, 
 ed with his 
 oj^po.se her 
 ciety a few 
 'I's, united 
 )er to tho 
 md hy tho 
 inced that 
 
 CM to thn 
 
 ^^ J^BUMUDA. 
 
 te ^^'.''.t u,,o„ .several ,„en '' ''''''""l""""'' H a fricul 
 ho .•occivecl, in („e course '• " , '"■"'."'''■'^■- ^^ '■'^>» ' Le e 
 "onWy .six hu„d,.o.l del,,, .s ■ , "" ""^■■^. f'O p.-„n,iso of 
 '•' Pomion fo,l,e C„,.i„„,„ . ^ ;'""■" '"'-'e,-, J.o j„.e.so„te. 
 
 After some hesitation thev , '""' "''"S'on-lKmse 
 
 ;.n.,,e,M,,opar.son: tV""'!"^"''''™ 
 t '"'^' ''^ ■■"■■'■'"0 to frie,„| in ^o -^ T l ' ^^'""■' -^O" 
 
 tho .same maslstrato., „.l,o sent Af t ''''' '"'''" '-'"o of 
 fo>; proaehin,^ the Go.s,,el ,v„ m ' '^'"'''"on^^n to ,.riso„ 
 
 ''•"I" the chapel „„„„ t^ ^.c ','''? "'^ '■' '»» "fla,,,, to 
 yet so it is. The ,„., • * ' ' ""■■ *^'«pei i,, 9 , , 
 
 gl^on mo a lot oHa k1 ,o b„ii?„ ^'"'""'"'■"S- then,, ,,„, . 
 the a,to„i.,he<huKl .^ra eC„ ''""• ^''C earth,' a.l.lo' 
 
 :•""' the inlnes., the«>o ■ , T^--^'-^, ' is tho'l., p' 
 
 ~" «'-- '?r ^^^^^^ 
 
 ly-i'i, and m Auiciist 7sno " ■'^'' "'on dren- ,,n n 
 
 tho new church.' ' ''""' =''"""o.,cad tho erec^ln'of 
 
 Thenuml)er of TYin,..' 
 
 'norease. Thou,5h roside^ a ' ;r''^"'' "'^""""O'l to 
 
 Ma.-.sden-.s time wa, «pent st r ";'"""• "'"ol. o 
 
 " to "^^u Were nlir.n/j ; i fi^ -^^ Xiivoii r><' n 
 
484 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 il 
 
 r\ 
 
 •V\\ ,' 
 
 ilW'iil 
 
 The supcM'intondenc'o of (ho Idiildiiii:; at iramilloii 
 devolved wliolly u[K)n Miu'sden. AVith llie colleetion oi' 
 Kubscriptioiis, the ein|)h>yiiient ol' workmen, the ^•tilhci • 
 iiiii; of materials, and attention to thenumerous religious 
 .soi'vices on his phin, ho was at times nearly exhausted. 
 A deep interest in the blaster's work, however, ean'ie(l 
 liini through his herculean task. Oeeasionally a visit 
 from j)ersons of influence eheered liim. The (iovernor. 
 Ids Aidc-(le-cami>, and the Jud<;H^ of the t'oui't of A'^ice- 
 Admiralty, when [)assinsjj throiii;h Hamilton, visited the 
 .si)ot ; expressed mueli satisfaction with the j)lau of the 
 huildiiiLC, and the intention of the builder; and then each, 
 nccordin^:; to a custom of that tlay, laid a stone. '^Die 
 act had its iidluence in certain tniai'ters ; and sul)scri|i- 
 tions flowed in more frcelv. Froni the cos'iierstoiie, 
 3Iarsden ]~)i'eached, takiuij; lor his text, ' Ujx)!! this rock 
 will 1 build my (.'hurch, and the ^-ates of hell shall not 
 prevail ai!;ainst it.' Althoui-'h the buildini;- was not 
 ■completed until latei' in the year, he luid the pleasure in 
 March, 1810, of entorin,<>; the pulj)it of the fii'st Methodist 
 churcli in Bei'muda, to which he liad f;iven the name of 
 'Zion;' and of preaching to a congregation of four oi' live 
 hundred persons, from tliose appropriate words. • This is 
 none other but the house of God, and this is tlie gate of 
 hea\-en.' This neat and commodious building, sixty feet 
 in length by twenty-eight in brcadtli, was built of the 
 soft white sandstone, always used for building purposes 
 in Bermuda. Large numbers continued to attend the 
 services held in it. In that j)art allotted to tlie whiles, 
 between two and three hundred were usuallj' iound ; 
 while the colored ])eople were not slow to av-dl them- 
 selves of their new pi-ivilege. The opening of the ])lace 
 of worship was ibllowed by the oi'ganization of a church, 
 consisting of sixty iivembern. Among the-'je were some 
 
'•Jt Jrjunilloji 
 o collect ion (,i" 
 I', tlie ^•jidier- 
 i"()iis rclin-ioiis 
 b' exhausted, 
 vovoi', cai'j'icd 
 "lally a visit; 
 lie (iovei'iK^r, 
 'oiirt of Vicr- 
 1", visited the 
 •' J'lau of the 
 nd (hen each, 
 
 •"^toiie. The 
 lud suhsej'ij;- 
 conier-sJoiK'j 
 )<)ii this roek 
 lell shall not 
 I'M" w^N not 
 s ploasui'c ill 
 
 •■^t .AFethodist 
 the name of 
 ^'fbiir oi- tivo 
 nls, "'This is 
 ' tJic gate of 
 i,^ .sixty feet 
 Jiiilt of tlie 
 ig i)Ui'])oses 
 attend the 
 tJie wJiites, 
 Hj iound ; 
 :>^"'il them- 
 'f the ])laco 
 •fa chui-cli, 
 were some 
 
 ^-^' £EliMUDA. 
 
 W'^-'c „a,„c.s are voM ■ , ''"'^ 
 
 '^•id sh ned Jm ij 'f •^cenuv as .T » 
 
 'I«™'«l a«oo,l p„,„„„ , /^ ; ^'"'^^'•-'•■■^, «/.c .nissio.ian- 
 
 commenced .m.i '^^""''iv-school ,,-. ■ .i 
 
 -•' '^"^1 <M>'oiis ladvM.w / ''^ ^'icj-e/ore 
 
 ^' -'Jarsdon aviv „. * .. '^'•' '<-a(l theXeu- 
 -"■'-ye., ,0 ,„•.,,,,,,,; •-'■•' ''«,o ,.,,,,,, .,^ » 
 
 f-'>"'''.^e tI,o„. ,,c ,,,-"■' '"';" ■■"!>«.( a Ic^on! To 
 
 JL 
 
 «^va8 not without h 
 
 "HIS f,;j. t],ei 
 
 '• Use. 
 
 ''-"'--i people x;;:;;;;''-^- ^'-m,,,., to .... 
 
 ^^'eek foi- th 
 
 crude notion 
 tJ 
 
 eu' 
 
 special ti 
 
 '^<^t a])art a ccj-f 
 
 instruct 
 ' once 
 
 annn 
 
 '« i-«-^J)ectin.r ,.^3i 
 
 .'^j 
 
 'JkI tor th 
 
 '"" evening i„ <] 
 
 le 
 
 ^^ coirection of 
 
 Piihli.shed h 
 
 "0 (roVei'lK)]. 
 
 wrote J,ini 
 
 a \-ej 
 
 forwarded to tl 
 ^reneraJ, in con 
 
 18 
 
 ^»yin/i-h, 
 
 ■y ■'severe Jettei 
 'i^y Mas 
 
 a CO 
 
 freed 
 
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 ^^»J anotJ.er to the Att 
 
 «e(|uenee of 
 
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 48G 
 
 HISTORY OF METHODISM 
 
 lion.' Tho dcpartiiro in Juno, 1810, of Ciovernor Ilod^^soii, 
 ^vlio had been hi.s fii'ni friend, left ^Marsden exposed U) 
 the attacks of tliose who still looked with jealousy upon 
 the infant mission, hut throu<i:h care and watchfulness 
 iiny .serious ditllcully was avoided. 
 
 There were trials too ofaditlerent character; trials 
 in which the smile of joy chases away the tear of sorrow, 
 
 and tho fe< 
 
 of thi 
 
 il find th 
 
 ito 
 
 most a})pi'0} 
 
 expression in those hymns of triumph, which, suni^ by 
 the early English Methodists as they carried their 
 ' dead in Christ' to the grave, concpiered bitter persecu- 
 tors. For even then, the Bermudian mission sent homo 
 an occasional delegate to the ' Gcnei'al Assemblv and 
 Church of the iirst-born' ; and dcuth-bcd scenes proved 
 powerful helpers in I'ocommending the Gospel as preach- 
 ed by the Methodist missionar}'- in tho Methodist church, 
 and in some humble dwellings in other parts of the 
 beautiful Bermudian group. 
 
 In the autumn of 1811, Marsden began to look with 
 a new interest upon his work. lie was soon to give it 
 into the charge of another, and leave for his native land. 
 The partial failure of Mrs. Marsden's health, in 1809, 
 had led the leading members of tho church at St. 
 George's to fear his early removal, and to address an 
 earnest appeal to tho Committee, that in tho event of 
 his departure they might not bo left without a pastor. 
 In accordance with this request, James Bunbar, at the 
 Conference of 1811, was appointed to Bermuda. In 
 January, 1812, he sailed from Portsmouth, and after a 
 short and pleasant voyage, arrived at St. George's early 
 in tho following month. Marsden's w^ifo and children 
 had already reached New York. Thither he followed 
 them in March. More than four hundred of the most 
 respectable inhabitants of the island listened to his last 
 
M 
 
 or Ilcxl^rson, 
 I exposed to 
 iilousy upon 
 •'atclil'iiliie.s.s 
 
 icter; trials 
 r oi' .soi'row, 
 
 :i])pro])riato 
 Ii, 'Sun_L>- by 
 I'i'iod tlieir 
 er perseeu- 
 f>eMt liomo 
 embJy and 
 les pi-oved 
 as pi-oach- 
 ^t chiu'cli, 
 'ts of the 
 
 ook with 
 to ^rive it 
 tivo land. 
 , in 1809, 
 li at St. 
 Idress an 
 event of 
 a pastor, 
 ti", at the 
 da. In 
 after a 
 e's early 
 children 
 followed 
 lie most 
 his last 
 
 ^-^' ^EPiMUDA. 
 
 ;';'o .0 fo,.n. ,^ j,,,^ ::::;■;;;';" '•■•';- «c.™u.,. „,.,: 
 7"' 'o the casual olio .^;"';';: ^r ""■"'•"""• ' - 
 
 frown, clopartocl, ,1,„, J,.^ ' '' "' -I ^ tho foc-o „f 
 
 f '•"y«™ ; ho wh,: had lit, , 1. "''"'' ''^^ '""-^ ■■""' 
 
 ton, in search of the o U l[o " ■ ? T '""' " ""'""- 
 hoa,, and, after mHli„,:„ ■«'''?'"•''"'" '>« --I'' 
 '"■eat. of i„.„,„,„„., =; "^^..n od n.a„, crushed ,,,, 
 
 ofS(. George',, ,o h tre^„tt,Tr' ''" "'«'""■'- 
 
 f'7«l.l.ip, leaving ,o ,■:*,/''" "'""' ''^ ''"> ^hoi't 
 i-ximl and thirt/ m „ her "'■ *''« ^••"•" °f on. 
 
 "'debtedness to God. f„V "mI ,. " """'""' "^ «""> 
 Joshua Marsden, the coim J '™ ""'' "'^ "font 
 
 "ot yot comprehended. A tt^T' '" '>»" '^''-""''^ '-c: 
 ;vororegarded as little betfe t 1 ^V '" ""■"•»'' ^'-T 
 Sonous oftence was take \vh" M.T'":'"'"' ""■'»''■ 
 Bomuda but a short time bT 1 , f °" '""' ™»" 'n 
 a« humane and religious „ho "'?""'•••*">" ™S'"-d'-"J 
 family under obligattnb; ', ^''"""^ him and his 
 
 "«• The causeS„t^;:7™'f"'" deeds of kind! 
 
4SS 
 
 IIISTOIiY OF METHODISM 
 
 Ugs 
 
 ;!-■ 
 
 ':■■: ' 
 
 i'.-t 
 
 ;>!• 
 
 li;: I 
 
 ir;i 
 
 ^H 
 
 could only receive baptism uiid tlie Loi'U'h Supper l)y 
 the most Hii^riiiit abuse oCtiiose sacred onlinaiices. Tlio 
 tliou^'ht ol'l'uriiishiiii;- church accomnuxhition i'ov slaves 
 had scarcely entered the minds of their owners, ])re- 
 viously to his arrival. Fully acrjuainted with the treat- 
 ment which his predecessor had I'cceived, he, neverthe- 
 less, thoui;"h with more tact, followed in the same ])a(h, 
 and boldly assutnetl the j'i<;'hts of the colored race to 
 enjoy the treedom wherewith Jesus makes lli.s people 
 t'l-ee. An admission of this right, he well knew, must 
 sooner or latci- involve u recognition of their right to 
 human freedom. 
 
 Marsden, who on his departure from Bermuda had 
 intended to meet liis English brethren at their Confer- 
 once in Leeds in 1812, found his plans thwarted, lie had 
 only been a few weeks in Xew^ York, at the residence of 
 liis wife's friends, when the declai'ation of war against 
 Great Britain placed him, in common with a number of 
 his countrymen, in the position of a prisoner. Through 
 the intiucnco of friends, a prisoner at large, he attended 
 the General Conference, held in Xew York; and through 
 the kindness of Asbuiy, and with the consent of the 
 preachers, received an a))])ointment for tlie year in that 
 city, under the superintendence of Freeborn Garrettson. 
 After a detention of more than two and a-half 3'ears he 
 obtained a passpoi't, and in October, 1814, embarked on 
 l.)oard a flag-of-truce. bound for Havre de Grace. On the 
 ITth of November, when otf Torbay, the captain signalled 
 some fishermen. From one of their boats Marsden and 
 his family landed at Bi-ixham. On reaching the shore, 
 alter an absence of fourteen years, he knelt down, and 
 kissing the dust of his native hind, returned thanks to 
 Ilim who had guided him through his wanderings. He 
 continued in the active work iu English circuits until 
 
IX BEIiMVDA. 
 
 480 
 
 a had 
 'onfoi-- 
 [cha<l 
 ilK'O of 
 :!;ainst 
 
 l)Cl' of 
 
 roiiLch 
 ended 
 rough 
 lof the 
 1 til at 
 ttson. 
 irs he 
 ed on 
 n the 
 nailed 
 n and 
 horc, 
 and 
 ks to 
 He 
 until 
 
 18;{(), wlien increasing intirniilies obliged him to become Ji 
 supermimeraiy. I>isease of u nervous kind caused him 
 occasional struggles witli ' sensitiveness oi'temper," hut in 
 these, as ^vell as (hiring his hist severe ailliclion, lie was 
 sustained hy Almigiity aid. On Sunchiy, July IJUtli. ls;;7, 
 he preached ids hist sermon, in City Itoad Chapel, iVom 
 l>aiah (JOth, o-S. It was a solemn sermon on a solemn 
 sultject. Jle seeme<l, to many of his lu'arers, to s])ealv as 
 it" the grave were opened, and eternity unveileil he(i>re 
 him. Kis aj)})eals to the young fu* eai'ly dedication to 
 Christ were ])e('uliarly imju'essive. On the foll(»wiiig 
 Wednesday he was .^eizcd hy an illness which precluded 
 any liope of recovery. Through intense sullering he 
 possessed his soul in ])atience, and in the intervals of 
 ])ain assured Ins friends of Ins peace, and his conviction 
 that all was well. A few moments before his death he 
 exclaimed : ' Thou unutterable love ! O, thou unutterable 
 love 1 O, intinite love !' Then closing his eyes with beau- 
 tiful tranquility, he died without a sti-uggle. His body 
 rests in the ])reaclier's vault, in the south-east front 
 of the City Koad burying-groiind, \\\{\\ the I'emains of 
 Thomas Staidey, John James, Edmund (ri-indrod, Ki(diard 
 Treifry, John Smith, and other ]\[ethodist worthies, 
 whoso names ' were not born to die.' ^ Marsden was 
 possessed of considerable talent. Some of his poetical 
 compositions were of a highly respectable character ; a 
 few of them became popular favorites. As a preacher, 
 he was distinguished by the variety of his topics, and by 
 his earnest and moving appeals to the lieart. To him, 
 as a successful agent in turning many unto righteous- 
 ness, belongs a place in the front ranks of the many 
 excellent men whom British Methodism has sent to 
 declare the truth as it is in Jesus to the colonists of 
 British America. 
 
 3 Stevenson's « City Road Chapel,' p. 313. 
 
U' 
 
 ri :* 
 
 \A .. 
 
 ;>(■(■ 
 
 400 
 
 ITTSTOJiY OF METHODfSM 
 
 James Dmihar, .\r:ii"s(len's huccossoi* in Boi'muda, iiii- 
 liko Iho majority of tl»o missiotjarioM of that day, hail 
 liad soveral years experience in the Kn^lir^h Avoi'k. lie 
 liad heeu converted under a sermon preaciied by tho 
 Row Miles iMarlindale, and had heen received on ti-ial 
 for the ministry in 1801). His experience liad therefore 
 fitted him to set tlio atl'airs of the Jk'rnuidian societies 
 in proper ordei*. ' Mr. Marsden,' he remarks, ' had done 
 much, and, ])er]iaps, cverytliini;' considered, few men but 
 liimself could have accomplished what he did.' Yet 
 much remained to bo done in the way of pro])er organ- 
 ization. Stewards were a])pointed in the diUei-ent par- 
 ishes, and on the 24th of July, 1812, the first quarterly 
 meeting in Bermuda was held at the residence of tho 
 circuit steward, Archibald AVashinj^'ton. In addition to 
 the superintendent and circuit steward, Messrs. Benjamin 
 S. AVilliams, Benjamin Atwood, and Daniel Melliroy, a 
 free man of color, attended as society stewards, from 
 Brackish Pond, Hamilton, and the Crawl. John Dari'ell, 
 the steward from St. George's, was not jiresent. In 
 March, 1813, tho building of the wall ai-ound the \)V0- 
 porty, and tho erection of tho mission-house,at Hamilton, 
 wore commenced. In September of the same year, tho 
 missionary took possession of tho dwelling. 
 
 Dunbar was at the same time successful in the dls- 
 chargcoftho higherduticsof his calling, 'llis preaching,' 
 his brethren say, ' was plain, clear, pointed, thoroughly 
 evangelical, aiming more at usefulness than popularity; 
 and ho was diligent in visiting and instructing tho 
 people from house to house.' A West Indian missionary, 
 who sought health in Bermuda, during a few weeks in 
 tho summer of 1812, gave the committee an encouraging 
 statement respecting tho mission. 'Tho state of tho 
 work in that island,' wrote Mr. Johnson, ' is much to 
 
iida, iin- 
 ay, had 
 k". 11 a 
 by tl)o 
 on ti'ial 
 joivfore 
 iociotics 
 ud (loiio 
 lien Init 
 ' Yet 
 ' orL,'aii- 
 )nt par- 
 ai'torly 
 ) of tho 
 tioii to 
 (iijamin 
 iroy, a 
 i, i'vom 
 )ari'ell, 
 It. In 
 he ])ro- 
 nilton, 
 ar, tho 
 
 •'Jmo.st njually hohmvi R.fi. ,• i . '>""''.•«>• is 
 
 IWOpli,,,, of (1,0 (ios,„.| Tl, "''^ l'''"~'l '"I'lh,. 
 
 '•m|>l..y".ent tluTo', •„'"'' '"^■"•'"■''■^ '"'^'''^ «"•! 
 no™.s«a,.v ■ 3 r,,' ',",'7 "1""'"". "'■" 'v,..„i„ly 
 
 c'xi)ulsi,m nP., 1 ' '"^ IH'iinn.i,^ knife.. The 
 
 seven, t.vo.Uv nZJ ' ^''" "'""'""■ "I'-v-mMv. 
 
 '■olur, of WtV 1 , ^'''"'".^^"'-^vlMto. A sc,„„.a 
 
 loir^-oight cojnmiin cants no'irK- ..ii -i 
 •It Hamilton, mav also Im f "^^ "^'i"j all ivsidont 
 
 of Bonnudian .Aretliodi.sm. ' ''''''°''''' 
 
 ' '-^^cthodist Magazine, 1813, p. 77. 
 
 he dls- 
 I'hing,' 
 >ughly 
 ai'ity; 
 g tho 
 Dnary, 
 3ks in 
 ■aging 
 )f tho 
 ich to 
 
 E-VD OF VOL. 1.