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REPORT 
 
 TO THE 
 
 HEALTH COMMITTEE 
 
 RECOMMENDING TUB 
 
 5,' ^-!V * 
 
 WITH 
 
 Ax AcCOUxVT OF THK RiCCENT \^fSrT OF THE OFr.ErrATION 
 
 Appointed to Visit New York and Boiston 
 IN Atigust last. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM KENNEDY, 
 
 Chairman Hkat,tii Committee. 
 
 Printed by The Lovell Printing & Publishing Co. 
 
 1874. 
 
 A 
 
 •K38 
 
I 
 
1 
 
 <3^ 
 
 REPORT 
 
 TO THX 
 
 HEALTH COMMITTEE 
 
 RECOMUEKDINa THB 
 
 ie-m0b«Un0 of t%e §ealt% iepartmfnt, 
 
 WITH 
 
 An Account of the Recent Visit of the Delegation 
 
 Appointed to Visit New York and Boston 
 
 IN August last, 
 
 3Y 
 
 i WILLIAM KENNEDY, 
 
 Chairman Health Coiimittek. 
 
 ' ♦ ' 
 
 Printed by The Lovell Printing & Publishing Co. 
 
 1874. 
 
HEALTH COMMITTEE, 
 
 Thursday, 29th October ir?^ 
 
HEALTH COMMITTEE. 
 
 Ai-DERMAN Alexander, 
 << Kav, 
 
 '« ROLLAND, 
 
 Alderman Kennedy, Chairman, 
 
 Alderman Debmarteac, 
 
 «« M0LLIN, 
 
 «« McCord. 
 
 MAHEIAGES, BIRTHS AND TEATHS, 
 
 For the Year, 1873. 
 
 .1,435. 
 .6,086. 
 
 Marriages 
 
 Births 
 
 The number of Births is probably considerably greater than here 
 mentioned as this nun>ber is compiled from the returns of baptism 
 only and therefore the number of those who are not baptised m m- 
 fancy, (either through the religious views or neglect of their parents) 
 does not appear. 
 
 Deaths, over five years of age ^'^^S- 
 
 (( , . .2,986. 
 
 «< under 
 
 4,954. 
 
 These numbers are probably incorrect. From the imperfect system 
 oi registration and the number of those buried in our cemeteries, 
 .vho have died outside the City Limits a perfect statement cannot be 
 obtained under the present system. 
 
 Jj H03O 
 
REPORT. 
 
 Montreal, Octv^bor 28, 1^74. 
 To THE Health Committee. 
 
 (Gentlemen: — On tbo 11th Aiignnt Inst tho Council ap- 
 pointed your Cliuirraan, and Aldornion McCord, Stophons, 
 Rivard and David as a dolei::ation to visit Ibo principal 
 cities in the United States, tho dutios of your chairman and 
 Alderman McCord bein^ more particuliarly to enquire into 
 the working of their Health Dtipnrtraonts, 
 
 I believe that a groat bonotit would result to tho health 
 of tho city if the system of Abattoirs, so long under consi- 
 deration, is adopted by the Council. Tho fat rendering 
 establishments in tho city h:ive become such a nuisance, 
 that complaints against them are made to this department 
 almost daily. The present by-laws provide for the punish- 
 ment of such nuisances (by a $20 fine) but to put tho law in 
 force would subject respectable citizens to fines every day, 
 Wo have a remedy, however, in tho erection of public 
 Abattoirs, and this work should bo proceeded with at once. 
 
 In my Report to the Market Committee reference was 
 made to the Ottal Ducks in Now York. These Docks are 
 situated on tho river side and are enclosed on three sides by 
 a high wooden fence, the whole covering an area of 200 
 square feet. A small shed has been erected for tlie accom- 
 modation of tho policeman in charge and emplo^'ees. Tho 
 offal is removed from tho slaughter houses every day, and 
 taken in barrels by a schooner to Barren Island ever}- second 
 day. From the policeman in charge I learned that this offal 
 was made into manure, and then reshipjied for the use of 
 
6 
 
 farmers. Tho Animal Dock is soparnto from tho Offal 
 Dock. A groat nuiny liorbc-i dio in New York daily (I 
 saw two myself while passing through tho city.) Those 
 animals are put into a scow and towed by a steamer to 
 Barren Island. No men are allowed on the scow, until it 
 has arrived at its destination. Offal Docks appear to bo 
 necessary in New York but I would not recommend tho 
 sycjiem here. 
 
 GARBAGE. 
 
 I was informed that the department in Now York had been 
 more or loss used for supporting political friends than lor 
 doing tho work assigned to it, and it was therefore transferred 
 to tho charge of the police. From personal observation, I 
 noticed that a number of loading streets wore kept clean, 
 but in others, especially in the more crowded parts of tho city, 
 there appeared to bo groat no 'ect. Tho garbage and ash 
 box for such purposes were kept in front of tho chain stono, 
 on the footpath, with tho lid on a bevel so that it could not be 
 used as a'l easy seat. These should bo cleaned every day, 
 but from appearances many showed several days neglect. 
 By moans of these boxes tho closets wore kept in order and 
 tho obstruction of drainage prevented. When tho garbage 
 is removed it is placed in scows and used for filling in flat 
 parts near shore where tho city is extending. 
 
 EPIDEMICS. 
 
 The Now York smalUpox hospital is built at tho end of 
 an island. Through the kindness of tho Health Physician 
 wo received much information. A special chart of tho city 
 showed where small-pox had been, the special localities being 
 particularly noted. The mixture of so many nationrlities 
 and the connexion between New York and tho world is no 
 doubt the cause why small-pox still exists. A great work 
 lies before the Health Department, but from the energy and 
 activity we observed there is no doubt they are doing all they 
 can to conquer their difficulties. 
 
7 
 
 BOSTON. 
 
 From New York wo proceodod to Boston. From observa- 
 tioii this appoarrt to l)c a very clean city. Having had con- 
 ."jidorablo conversation with tho physician, Dr. Green, and the 
 olUcers of the Health Department, wo return them many 
 thanks for kindness shown, and for many very valuable 
 (locnraonts. 
 
 VACCINATION. 
 
 They s'accinate chiefly from the ciglit day lymph. Com- 
 pulsory vaccination had not been adopted, but Dr. Green 
 believed it soon would be. A great many difficulties hud to 
 bo contended with among the population. The French and 
 the negroes were opposed to vaccination, the Irish were ob- 
 stinate, and the Portuguese were a very bad class to der.l 
 with. The plan followed by the Health Department waste 
 call at the manufactories where a largo number of people 
 were employed, and induce manufacturers to employ only 
 those who had been vaccinated. The clergy were also 
 reasoned with and took up the matter satisfactorily. Three 
 doctors canvassed the city thoroughly. The Irish called at 
 the office and would not bo satisfied unless they wore well 
 marked. Some foreigners were stubborn, but on the whole 
 tho intelligent submitted and those who did not suffered. 
 
 THE SiMALL-POX HOSPITAL OF BOSTON. 
 
 HOW IT WAS ESTABLISHED. 
 
 Many of tho Aldermen were pledged not to vote for a 
 Small-Pox hospital, but such pressure was brought to bear 
 upon them by the citizens that they were forced to establish 
 a Board of Health, which was composed of m. nbers of the 
 Council and citizens, and of which one member retired every 
 year subject to re-election. This Board went immediately 
 to work and bought a large building, sending the account 
 into the city for payment. Many proprietors petitioned 
 against the Hospital being near their property, but to no 
 
8 
 
 purpose. The death rate was at that time very high but 
 through the energies displayed by the Board it was gradu- 
 ally reduced till it was almost extinct, only onf/ or two 
 cases coming under their attention in a month. For the last 
 six months they have not had one case. 
 
 Dr. Green's opinion is that vaccination is good but it is 
 not the only moans of stamping out small pox. The gi'eat- 
 est success is attained by isolation. To this moans Boston 
 to-day owes its freedom from the loathsome disease. The 
 expenses are comparatively light, being only for the Doctor,. 
 Steward, and a small stafi' of assistants. 
 
 HEALTH TEPAHTMENT. 
 
 This department removes garbage and ashes, and attends 
 to ^watering, and sweeping and cleaning the streets. It 
 has its own stables, horsea, carts, &c. The horses number 
 160. Alderman McCord and myself visited the main stable 
 at 6.30, a.m. in order to witness their arrangements. We 
 found it to contain 100 horses, and to bo provided with horse 
 shoers, a wheelwright, and all the materials necessary to 
 repair and make new carts. The horses were of a large size, 
 something like those of the " B " Battery, which was 
 stationed here. The sight was a very interesting one and 
 showed how much could be done under a proper system, and 
 with what little trouble. (The man in charge of the horse 
 and waggon knows his work, and with his help, a broom, 
 shovel and tilting stick, and a small box of sundries in case 
 of accident, each waggon is a self-acting department.) 
 
 The first waggons go out at six o'clock, and call at 
 hotels, &c. Second lot goes out at seven o'clock, the men in 
 charge seeing that the brass buckles in the harness of the 
 horses are cleaned and everything m order. Waggons then 
 go out in regular order, each waggon being an institution of 
 itself and each driver being responsible for any neglect. 
 
 The garbage is gathered three times and the ashes twice 
 a week. The hotels are visited every day. The streets are 
 well cleaned and watered. The men by constant employ- 
 ment know their duty and perform it with ease. 
 
9 
 
 In conversation with a Pullman boy (as they call them- 
 selves) I was told that a nuiaber of themhad a feast in their 
 boarding rooms, and during the evening threw the rind of a 
 melon into the street. It was not long before the landlady 
 carne in saying she had picked up the rind, and requesting 
 them not to throw any more as if the road inspector found 
 it out she could be fined. The people here are taught to be 
 clean. In Montreal we must begin to inculcate the same 
 doctrine. 
 
 PUBLIC BATHS. 
 
 There are sixteen or eighteen Public Bathing places in 
 Boston. Of these six are for ladies, Avho generally drive 
 down to them in carriages. The bathing here is very bene- 
 ficial, having the salt refreshing (pialities which cannot be ob- 
 tained in a fresh water bath. I will describe one of the men's 
 baths. It is a large floating dock something similar to the 
 one which has for so many j-ears been owned in our own 
 harbor by Mr. Kilgallin. A man has charge of it, who 
 receives a small remuneration for the use of towels, and 
 this makes the bath self supporting, after cost of erection. 
 There is no charge for admission. Wo noticed a few of the 
 rules : Each bath is under the supervision of one of the 
 City Aldermen. The person in charge has full power to 
 expel any one violating the rules. No swearing and no 
 boisterous language is permitted. In all there are some 
 eighteen rules, which are strictly adhered to. 
 
 PUBLIC UEINALS. 
 
 In New York Ave only came across them in public squares 
 and parks. They are all placed off the main walk, and 
 with elevated grass plots. There are two or three in each 
 square. 
 
 In Central Park there is a very handsome Public Urinal. 
 It is an iron octagon building resembling wicker work, 
 tastefully got up. The man in charge had a neat grass plot 
 adjoining with swings for boys and girls. The few cents 
 
10 
 
 he earned from tliis source were his renumeratioii. Wo also 
 saw a neat builJinfj in an isolated part ofl' tlie main walk. 
 It was fitted up with pan closets complete. One side was 
 I'or women the other for men. There are also baths attached 
 kept in very good order. 
 
 In Boston, there was but one Public Urinal besides those 
 in the parks and squares. Xear the flagstaff on Boston 
 Common, there is a building fitted with closets and urinals, 
 with a man in charge. The place Avas very cleanly kept. 
 
 Odorless excavating ajiparatus for emptying vaults, sinks, 
 cesspools, sewers, &c., are used in New York to great advan- 
 tage. Alderman McCord, Avho visited Baltimore where 
 these are made and in general use, gave me a pamphlet 
 containing a description of them. They are quite different 
 from those which were made for the Guano Company here. 
 They are so complete in the pumps the valves of which are 
 made of gutta pcrcha, These valves being made in the 
 shape of a bottle, allow for obstacles, which cut-off pumps 
 do not. Montreal should have one of these machines. They 
 could not be used in frosty weather, but during eight months 
 of the year would prove very beneficial. 
 
 INSPECTION OF MILK. 
 
 For the past 14 years there have been annual reports on 
 the inspection of milk in Boston. We were informed by the 
 Inspector that they were baffled by law in proving the adul- 
 teration of milk, from quirks as to how cattle were fed, &c. 
 As to the mode of convicting, the Inspector secures the 
 milk and proves its quality by a lactometer. If it shows 
 beyond proof to him, he gets it analyzed, resulting in all 
 cases of certain conviction. 
 
11 
 
 RECOMMENDATIOx\S 
 
 FOR 
 
 |iie-ax[fflbi£liin:g 11$ Si^pairlaowKl 
 
 <5 
 
 ^ This Committee luxs a very important work before it, and 
 
 j no time should be lost in taking it in hand and instituting a 
 
 I complete reform. When the Health Department was fh-st 
 
 j organized the city had but a small population, now it has 
 
 at least six times the number, and the Department does not 
 
 meet the requirements of the day. I beg to lay before you 
 
 a few suggestions, which I hope you will carefully consider, 
 
 /' ^ntl the Council will aid and adopt. 
 
 For some time past, in signing the warrants I have been 
 I . convinced that the city does not receive the benefit that it 
 
 I has a right to expect from the amount of money expended. 
 
 I am thoroughly convinced that many of the employees 
 would be more useful if the Department was better organized. 
 Instead of the two doctors who occasionally call to see if the 
 Health Office is still near Nelson's Monument while attend- 
 ing to their own professional calls, I would recommend that 
 we should have but one doctor, who would devote his whole 
 time to the Department, be responsible to the Committee, 
 and receive such salary as would fairly compensate him for 
 his services. 
 
 Our citizens feel grieved at the present large death rate, 
 and it is our duty therefore to at once take action. A few 
 months ago Public Vaccinators were appointed. Though little 
 has been done, I do not blame them, for the very good reason 
 that " too many cooks spoil the broth," and the fee of 25 
 cents is too small, bringing the profession, in my opi-niou, 
 to a very low standard. I ivould not recommend the ap- 
 
12 
 
 pointment of Public Vaccinators as heretofore, but would ask 
 that the law be so amended that, instead of dividing the city 
 into disti-icts, the Health Committee have the power to 
 appoint vaccinators from time to time for such districts as 
 they may deem necessary. By such an alteration the Doctor 
 in charge would secure the eight day lymph, and the 
 Department would become more efficient. AVhon found 
 necessary, assistant doctors could bo employed, and a 
 thorough house-to-house visitation made. These doctors 
 would have to make full returns, and be properly paid for 
 their services. 
 
 I would recommend the appointment of an efficient mana- 
 ger, whose duty it would be to make out the city returns, 
 receive all complaints and register them, and then assist 
 the Committee in making such by-laws as would meet cases 
 ior which the law docs not now provide. His further 
 duty would be to see the proper working of the department, 
 and in all cases of complaints where the Health Inspectors 
 do not fulfil their duty, to personally examine and record 
 the facts. 
 
 SANITAEY DEPARTiMENr. 
 
 I would recommend instead of the present out-door staff 
 
 of Inspectors but fom* men, and the division of the city 
 
 into East and West. This department I think wants im- 
 
 ])roving. The men at the dump and deposit grounds will, 
 
 from circumstances, regulate themselves. 
 
 Gentlemen, believe me 1 would not recommend this Com- 
 mittee to enter into any more contracts to do the city san- 
 itary cleaning. By this I do not mean the cleaning of 
 soil pits but the collection of all waste and garbage, and 
 everything of that nature that chokes up our sinks and 
 drains. This cannot be done effectually without constantly 
 watching the city, and no contractor will perform the 
 work required to the satisfaction of the Department and to 
 the requirements of perfect sanitary reform. 
 
 I would also recommend the erection of city stables, and 
 
13 
 
 that land be purchased at onco, and Ktablos built, with sheds 
 and other necessary buildings. 
 
 An out-door overseer should bu apj)ointod who should have 
 a horse and light vehicle. (This is so essential for the super- 
 vision of the city and general out-door management that it 
 cannot be dispensed with.) I would also recommend the 
 purchase of seven horses with waggons made with covered 
 lids, to hold twice the quantity of our present carts. One 
 of the horses might bo used for the meat inspector's wag- 
 gon, and one of the carts with ratchet windlass and oil skin 
 covering for the removal of dead horses and animals ; the 
 remaining horses and carts to bo employed in the cleaning of 
 our markets and scavcngering. The men in charge to bo 
 furnished with a uniform, suitable and clean for their work. 
 The expense to the city would be much less, and tJie work 
 better done than by our present system. 
 
 MILK INSPECTION. 
 
 Our attention has been drawn time and again to the 
 state of our infantile death rate, especially by our city 
 physicians; the adulteration of milk, which is the sole 
 nourishment of the infant, being the more direct cause. 
 We should not neglect this important article of food, but at 
 once initiate measures to give us fuller powers than we now 
 possess. 
 
 I would recommend tliat a Milk Inspector be appointed 
 whose duty should be to visit all places, keep a strict watch- 
 fulness where cattle are fed and supplied with food for dairy 
 purposes, analyse with a lactometer and keop adaily record. 
 By this means a general supervision would be exercised. In 
 cases of prosecution, a chemist eould be employed to ana- 
 lyse the milk. Sub-Chief Flynn, from his long and faithful 
 services with this department, would, I think, make an 
 efficient Inspector of i\'^ilk. 
 
 This department is i^reparod to give all necessary infor- 
 mation, and our City Attorneys should see that the neces- 
 sary protection is given for the efficient carrying out of the 
 Law. 
 
14 
 
 MEAT INSPECTION. 
 
 Tlio progress of our Moat Inspection since the appointment 
 of tlie second Inspector has been slow and unsatisfactory. 
 The Inspectors do not feel their responsibility to the public, 
 and neglect their duty by arguing the merits of the law 
 with those they have to deal with, instead of sending to the 
 Chairman a written doci ment, stating the omissions and 
 defects they meet with in carrying out the present Law, or 
 seeking the assistance and counsel of the City Attorneys. In 
 many cases they have not shewn sufficient respect for them- 
 selves or their position, but too often have acted as scaven- 
 gers. I am sorry to state "^hat a great many scabby and 
 unhealthy cattle have been slaughtered this summer. Many 
 have had ulcers, and many were loan and sickly. These 
 facts I am prepared to prove. 
 
 If our Meat Inspectors have no law for this, it is high time 
 they should suggest the difficulties to this committee. As 
 they are now in office I hope they will see the importance 
 and responsibility of their position. These facts show more 
 clearly the need of Abattoirs. 
 
 SMALL-POX HOSPITAL. 
 
 Shall Montreal have this blessing or not ? 
 
 I Avould earnestly recommend but one. Our neighboring 
 cities have a larger pojjulation, and one is all they find 
 necessary. I hope all differences will cease on this question, 
 and that we will all Join in establishing an hospital on the 
 land adjoining the Hotel Dieu. If we allow the appropria- 
 tion for this Hospital to be subdivided, wo will bring with 
 it all those ill feelings and discords which should be as much 
 as possible avoided. 
 
 Further, the spread of small-pox in our midst, and 
 the many influential citizens that are dying, should urge 
 us to call upon the Board of Health to take the matter up at 
 once, for it has become an epidemic. The law is plain. Let 
 us get a temporary building in the meantime, and proceed 
 with the erection of a city hospital. 
 
15 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 I would hero bring under your notice a cubtom of burial in 
 the Roman Catholic Comotory which this Committee should 
 request the Council or the Board of Health to bring before the 
 R. C. Bishop ; it is that a corpse coming after ten o'clock a.m. 
 remains in the chapel till the following morning; the epide- 
 mic cases remaining among others. The friends of all kneel 
 during the service of the dead, and after leaving the chapel go 
 into the cabs and city railways, thus endangering the lives of 
 our citizens. If his Lordship would give such instructions as 
 would give immediate burial to all corpses, where death has 
 resulted from epidemic diseases, he would confer a great 
 boon on the citizens. Both Protestants and Roman Catholics 
 should, in Winter and Summer, insist on the immediate 
 burial of all epidemic cases; 
 
 The inside decorations of our city hearses should be re- 
 moved and replaced with plate glass. On every occasion 
 when the hearse is used it should be properly fumigated. 
 Our city cars and omnibuses are at present very unclean, 
 arising from the many foul stomachs and expectorations of 
 those who ride in them. They should be daily washed and 
 slightly sprinkled with camphor or some other disinfectant. 
 There has been a great improvement in the removal of 
 cushions, &c., but there is still a necessity of more fi-equent 
 cleansing. 
 
 Special by-laws should be made to meet the requirements 
 of each case. 
 
 WATEIi CLOSETS. 
 
 I am surprised to find intelligent citizens giving such 
 little care to the water closets in their dwellings and public 
 offices. The nuisance arising from their neglect, from the 
 confined space, and want of ventilation is one of the many 
 causes why we have so much typhoid fever now in the city. 
 I would recommend every householder to become his own 
 Sanitarian. 
 
16 
 
 Let ^thc soil pipe bo clear from tlniiii to diflcliar^o. It 
 fihould enter the kitchen flue in the attic and if not practi- 
 cable from its position to do so it should pass throuijh tho 
 roof. Connect with this main soil pipe your bonds and traps 
 keeping always a clear pipe, and never lot your bend sit on 
 tho top of the pipe. This will be found an improvement on 
 the present sysfom. 
 
 DOG TAX. 
 
 I am somewhat at a loss to know wh}'" tho sanitay police 
 should bo hunting after dogs, and to what part of the duty of 
 tho Health Department this belongs. On this question I 
 find a great deal of time is lost in the Recorder's Court and 
 in many cases the wages wo pay our men amount to more 
 than three times the fines received. There should be a spe- 
 cial time appointed for prosecuting this oft'ence and not allow 
 so many of our men to waste thoir time at the city's expense. 
 By searching for unlicenced dogs their usefulness is impaired 
 and their special duty interfered with. 
 
 PUBLIC BATHS. 
 
 Sometime last year three of our Aldermen were appoint- 
 ed a Special Committee to report to the Council on Public 
 Baths. I was Chairman, the other two were members from 
 the Water Committee. We mot for business, but one mem- 
 ber isaid that he thought the baths would interfere with the 
 water supply of the city, and, finally.lost himself in a pond at 
 Point St. Charles. The other argued that owing to the 
 swiftnessof the current opposite St. Helens Island it could 
 not be placed there, and to go further down would bo too 
 far for the citizens. Your Chairman feels confident the 
 public would support the inauguration of Public Baths. Ho 
 is of opinion that during next summer two inclosuros for 
 this purpose should be erected on the south-east side of the 
 Island, one for males and one for females. They could be 
 cheaply erected, and bo removed during tho winter season. 
 I would ask this Committee how, when in many teneraentB 
 
n 
 
 thoro ftro thr^e or four persons bleeping and occupying the 
 same apartments, it is possible they can ever wamli or clean 
 themselves ? If I am allowed to answer I would say I be- 
 lieve many never have been washed since their childhood. 
 Look around us and see the factories and the many who 
 work in them day after day, but the water of the St. Law- 
 ence never reaches them. 
 
 Many cases of drowning occur every spring and summer 
 an unusual large number having occurred during the past 
 eeason. I feel certain thaL by the inauguration of public 
 beihs these melancholy accidents would be ilmost entirely 
 averted, both by the opportunity they would afford every 
 one to learn to swim, and also by removing the neceosity so 
 many now find of bathing in the river. 
 
 I would strongly recommend two city free baths, one oast 
 and one west, heated in winter by steam. The cost would not 
 be more than 814,000, including ground, building baths, and 
 steam apparatus. After cost they could be made self-sup- 
 porting, to meet expenses of supervision and care. Will 
 the city be without this boon when thousands of dollarsa re 
 being voted for parks, &c. 
 
 CRAIG STEEET TUNNEL. 
 
 During this summer I have heard complaints of dibagrea- 
 ble odors and sickly smells in several partq of the City. I 
 have endevoured, on many special occasions, to trace their 
 source, and I have traced them to this cause, that the outlet 
 through to the river opposite the Custom House is so low that 
 the drainage is in the water, thus forming a stench trap at 
 the outlet. This drain falls from St Urbain Street, part 
 running down and part running up the stream. Thus the 
 gasses and foul air are accumulated, and forced into the cel- 
 lers and btsements of our dwellings. By this means the foul 
 air passes through the traps, and enters into the offices, 
 and dwellings, not only in the lower part of the City, but 
 into a great many on higher elevations. I have felt greived 
 when I have been told that the fault lies at our door, and 
 
18 
 
 that the doutli and sickiioHS of many childron in duo to the 
 Crftig Stroot Tunnol. But what can 1 do ? I attoudod a moot- 
 ing of tho financo committoo and thoy authorized theoxpon- 
 dituro of 618,000, out of the 600,000 to bo borrowed from 
 our city loan to commenco this woric Bomo tiiree months 
 fiince. Why 't stands in oboyenco, I cannot say. The 
 amount, fur this Bpecial purpose, was phicod to thu credit 
 of the Road Department. 
 
 CITY LIMITS. 
 
 I would draw your attention to the City limits, compris- 
 ing the various municipalities. From the overcrowding of 
 dwellings, principally tenements, the want of drainage, and 
 tho making of false c'rains where there is no outlet, a good 
 deal of sickness, small pox and t^'phoid fever have resulted, 
 extending to the City itself. As there is no sanitary law 
 enforced in the districts outside the City Limits, the stron- 
 gest appeal should be made through the Board of Health 
 and tho Council to Parliament, that some action and prompt 
 measures should be at once taken, otherwise the city will 
 constantlv be under the threats of epidemic diseases. 
 
 I would also draw your attention to the fact, that many 
 of our newly constructed tenements in the City are not 
 much better than in former years. A By-law should bo 
 made to remedy the evil. 
 
 I would mention a custom practiced in Montreal a few 
 years b.ck, that is, of excavating a soil pit, and when ano- 
 ther IS wanted, of excavating it alongside the one already 
 full. The result is that the surrounding ground of some of 
 the City Proi:)erty is nothing more than a quagmire of soil, 
 only fit to convey disease. All pits should be properly built 
 of hard brick or Ftone cemented. I hoi)e the committee will 
 see the advisability of supporting a By-Law on this point. 
 
 PUBLIC URIJSALS. 
 
 In establisliing these some regard should be observed as 
 to where they are placed. The one in Craig street should 
 l^e removed inside the fence, the background lowered and 
 
19 
 
 ornnmentod with croopint? vinoH, &c., wliilo tho approachoft 
 should bo from tho walk iiiHido, and tatjtofully laid out. 
 
 This Cominittoo should HUggOHt to thoso having charge of 
 the Court IIouho tho advisihility of improving the grounds 
 fronting it. Nothing looks more dosolato than a lot of trees 
 without a blado of grass or herbage of any kind surround- 
 ing them. Two })ublic urinals are very much required on 
 this ground for tho use of the many strangers and others daily " 
 frequenting the Court House on business. Those might bo 
 placed at tho corners of tho two wings, under tho supervision 
 of tho caretaker of tho Court House. 
 
 I would suggest to this Committee tliat whatever sanitary 
 measures are inaugurated or institutions established that 
 they must bo placed under tho strictest surveillance; other- 
 wise they will become a public nuisance instead of a benefit. 
 
 INFANTILE DEATH. 
 
 Tho question of infantile death should at once be taken 
 u]) by tho Corjjoration Physicians. Why are there so many 
 of these deaths? It is not wise to be beat about the bush in 
 this matter. Would it not bo better to have a law passed l)y 
 Parliament providing that every illegitimate child should bo 
 nursed by its unnatural mother for at least two months before 
 it is allowed to be handed over to the care of any of tho city 
 institutions. A more sti-ingent law might bo enacted com- 
 pelling tho father, whenever known, and able to meet tho 
 expense, to support tlic mother and child ; and in cases 
 where this cannot be done Goverment should provide for tho 
 wants of tlio mother during this period. This I think w(-iild 
 tend to much decrease tho present large number of infantile 
 
 deaths. 
 
 VACCINATION. 
 
 In this matter very little has been done in the great work 
 lying before us. I feel I would be neglecting my duty if I 
 here omitted to mention the strong opposition we have met 
 with in our work from Drs. Coderro, Gariepy, and others, 
 the many obstacles they have thrown in our way, and their 
 endeavor to trample under foot tho great medical provonta- 
 
20 
 
 tivo for small-pox, and to i/^noro the ncionco of Dr. Jonnor, 
 to whom tho world owoh a dobt of gratitude. Our thanks 
 ftro duo to tlioHo j^ontlemcn who camo forward and oxpowed 
 tho fraud of tho truiniMvl up ]»hotograph, which tho above 
 namei doctorn had tho audueity to asHort was taken from 
 nature, tlnis docoiving Lho uninformed and materially in* 
 creabing tho opposition to our work. 
 
 GABBAGE. 
 
 Ceasing to remove tho g 'hago of tho city on the Slwt of 
 Octohor, in a miMtako, an ' ' hope tluH Committee will awk 
 the Council for a small appropriation to continuo tho work 
 until a now and gonoral plan is introduced. 
 
 Tho garbage during this season has boon much bettor col- 
 lected than in previous years. The amount is steadily in- 
 creasing, and the amount of good done .n this way cannot 
 bo calculated. 
 
 Tho Committee have to return thanks to tho Council for 
 ado]4ing tho system recommended in the opening of the 
 season, and although much good has boon done, still a great- 
 er improvement is much desired. I have to thank Mr. 
 Lamb, who was appointed by this Committee to see that the 
 Bcavongcring wa^: done, for his untiring exertions. I have 
 found him from early morning always attending to 
 his duty, but the men accompanying tho carts have not 
 been wliat could bo desired. There is great necessity of 
 adopting a new and more perfect system. 
 
 SANITARY CODE. 
 
 I have to request that during this fall you will take up 
 tho Sanitary Code and have it so revised and amended under 
 the Statutes and Ordinances that the doijartment may be 
 placed in proper working order. I would also ask that our 
 City Attorneys be called upon to give their serious attention 
 to tijis matter. 
 
 The whole "ospectfully submitted, 
 
 William Kennedy, 
 Chairman of Health Committee,