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Roman Gatholieisra 
 
 
 in Canada 
 
 *'.. 
 
 f^EV. Pf^II^ClPAb MACVICAR, liij.D. 
 
 fi:t:ix:ii:titi^.:iiats 
 
 £35rT55i^S^*^^?3J5J#r 
 
 «SBS©' 
 
 ir4 t^EUATION TO 
 
 VSSS 
 
 
 Edaeation 
 
 l^EV. JAS. ivr. KINO, D.t5. 
 
 Papers read at the Evangelical Alliance Conference, 
 
 fDontPcal, Oct-obep, 1888. 
 
 WM- DHYSDflliE & CO. 
 

Roman Catholicism in Canada. 
 
 REV. PRINCIPAL MacVICAR, LL.D. 
 
 Romanism in Relation to Education. 
 
 REV. JAS. M. KING, D.D. 
 
 Papers read at the Evangelical Alliance Conference, 
 t Montreal, October, iS88. 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 WILLIAM DRYSDALE & CO., PUBLISHERS. 
 
 1889. 
 
' Vt 
 
 4^^ 
 
 
POSITION AND ATTITUDE 
 
 OF 
 
 ROMANISM. 
 
 Rf.v. Principal MacVicar, D.D., LL.D., 
 Montreal. 
 
 
 In a review article published in New York two years ago, and 
 afterwards republishe^l in Nova Scotia and in London, England, 
 I gave an extended account of Romanism in Canada. 
 
 The views there advanced, I am glad to say, have not been 
 set aside. On the contrary, leading journals have repeated and 
 widelv disseminated them. I shall have occasion now, in con- 
 densed form, to re-affirm some of the same points, and need 
 hardly add that the subject is far too large for the limits assigned 
 to this paper. 
 
 The attitude of the Romish Church towards Protestantism has 
 always been the same, and must be defined by her published 
 dogmas and the decrees of her Councils and Popes. These show 
 her to be steadily intolerant to heretics, and to assert with 
 unwavering confidence her superiority over civil ulers and 
 governments.* As she claims to be infallible and unc. c^ngeable, 
 
 * St. Thomas, Vol. iv., p. 91, says: " Quanquani heretici tolerandi noii sunt ipso 
 illoium demerilo, usque tamen ad secundam correptionem expectandi sunt, ut ad 
 sanam redeant ecclcsise fidem ; qui vero post secundam correptionem iu sue errore 
 obstinati permanent, non mode excommunicationis sententia, sed etiam saecularibus 
 principibus externimandi tradendi sunt." Translated — "Though heretics must not 
 l)e tolerated because they deserve it, we must bear with them till, by second 
 adraoaition, they may be brought back to the faith of the Church ; but those who, 
 after a second admonition, remain obstinate in their errors, must not only be excooi' 
 
ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN CANADA. 
 
 she must be lickl responsible 1( n- all her past history. \Vc proceed 
 upon this principle in what we .ulvance re^fardin^^ practical issues 
 in our own countr;,-. Romanisip of to-day is no better and no 
 worse than Romanism o{ the ]);i -t. Hence it is of the utmost 
 importance to understand : 
 
 I. T/iC Aixa/ Sta/.is of tlw Cliiinh of Rome in Canada. 
 Throughout the Domim'on, with the exception of the i^rv/ince of 
 Quebec, all rcli.^ious denominations enjoy substantial);/ the same 
 lc;^al status, but in this Province the Church of Rome has a con- 
 spicuous pre-eminence, being distinctly established by la'.v. This 
 was brought about in tlie following manner, and by several succes- 
 sive steps extending over fifteen years. The first step was taken in 
 1759, at the tinin of the conquest of the Province by Great Britain. 
 The 27th Article of Capitulation declared that the Catholic 
 inhabitants of Canada were "granted the free exercise.- of the 
 Romish religion, the obligatL^n of paying tithes to the pricht to 
 depend upon the King's pk asure." 
 
 This, it will be observed, settled only one matter, — that of 
 religious toleration, but did not effect any legal establishment of 
 the church. The next step in that direction was taken in the 
 Treaty of Peace, July, loth, 1763. Tl^' clause touching this 
 matter declares that "His Britannic Majesty agrees to grant 
 hberty of the Catholic religion to the inhabitants of Canada. He 
 will consecjuently give the most effectual orders that his new 
 Roman Catholic subjects may jjrofess the wr)rship of their religion 
 according to the rites of the Romish Church as fa/ as the laivs 
 of Great Britain permit^ But the laws of ("jreat Britain did not 
 then establish Romanism, or fasten it u[)on the people in the 
 manner in. which it now exists in this Province, either at home or 
 in the colonies. Still more : the terms of this treaty did not author- 
 ize any such establishment ; and hence its provisions were 
 undeniably far exceeded by the subsequent Act of the British 
 Parliament, 14 George HI., cap. 83, sect. 5, which conferred 
 
 municated, but Uiey must be delivered to the secular powers to be exttrminated." 
 The present Pope, l.eo XIII., has approved the writings of St. Thomas a>» ttandard 
 theoloj^ii^il worlis. The Vatican Council, 1871, anathematized the idea that "it ii»no 
 longer oxi)edient that the Catholic relii;ion be held as the only relijjion of the State, to 
 the exchision oi all other modes of worship." 
 
 Pope Piiis VL, 1786, in the Bull Super Soliditate, declared " thai the Fo;^ can 
 deprive khi<;s of their authority to rule, and absolve subjects from tlieir allegian/;*," 
 
 The Jesuit Saurez, in Dcfensio Fidei\ Book VI., chap'. 4, says : " Monarch* dc|>o<»ed 
 by the Pope thereby become notorious tyrants, and may be killed by the fir:^ who can 
 reach them.' 
 
 Pope Pius IX. declared in 1851 " The Roman Catholic religion must b? exdastvely 
 dominant, and every other worship must be banished and mterdicled."— (Tyfc' /*a/fl^>' 
 0/ Aloiiern Times, pp. 226^-22^.) 
 
 :M 
 
KI>\'. PRI\«irAl- MACVirAR. 
 
 5 
 
 :he 
 
 or 
 
 lor- 
 
 ;rc 
 
 d." 
 
 Urd 
 i no 
 
 can 
 
 powers on the clcrj:,^y not contained in the treaty, and finally 
 settled the legal status of tlie Church. By this s(?tllemcnt, and 
 by sub.sequent(.!ana(lian Icijislation.lhe clerj^y arc fullycmpowertd 
 to collect tithes ; and they can also levy taxts as they nia)- judj;e 
 necessary for church pmijoses. 'Yhr Imperial Act of 1774 mani- 
 festly contcmi)lated the j)arishcs and seiLyniories then intact; but 
 it was not intended that the parisli system with its oppressive 
 exactions shfjuld be ext(;nded. Jiut this, however, has taken place, 
 and l)i.ihops arc: now clotlicd with Ici^hl pcnvers to create new 
 pari.ilies. When this is done, parishioners have hardly any voice, 
 except throiif^h their marguilliers or wardens, in detcnnininf^^ the 
 si/e, style and cost of churches for the payment of which they 
 are assessed. (Sec Co/iso/i/dUd Siatiitcs of Lozi'cr Ca)uul(t, cap, 
 XVUI.) And with the I'arliament of Quebec now so largely 
 under ecclesiastical control, any further legislation that may be 
 thought necessary for the still firmer establishment of the Church 
 can be readiK' j)rocured. V^y this means the liberties of the people 
 are being more and more invaded, and the princi[)le of religious 
 equality in our country is set aside by Romanism being undeni- 
 ably placed in a position in relation to British law wholly different 
 from that of other creeds. Ciovernment has no right, we hold, to 
 discriminate in this fashion in favour of one set; of dogmas and to 
 clothe the teacher^ of them with civil jiowers such as those just 
 mentioned. The French people themselves in the exercise of 
 their personal rights and freedom should cast off this intolerable 
 medic'eval incubus of tithes and taxes, and support, as they may 
 judge proper, tbc religion of their choice deliberately decided upon 
 in the light of God's truth, and not under compulsion of Acts of 
 Parliament. And we should not only urge them to do so in the 
 interests of our common country and of human freedom, but 
 also aid them in every way in our power to accomplish this 
 national reformation.* 
 
 II. hiconic of tJic Church. — Hoiu derived. — Her ivealth in this 
 Province. 
 
 The main sources of revenue may be enumerated in a single 
 sentence. The)- arc tithes, taxes, pew rents, fees for sacraments 
 
 * It is said Uiat Protestants have no right to meddle with this matter of tilh(;s and 
 taxes. .We answer, as patriotic Canadiar.s they are deeply interested in everything 
 that impedes the prof^res^; of the Dominion, and entitled, in legitimate ways, to seek 
 its removal ; and it is a sifMuficant fact that, twice at least, the Liberals of Quebec 
 seriously pn)posed the abolition of tithes. 
 
 It is also said that Frtnch Roman Catholics pay these tithes and taxes vvillincjly and 
 without complaint. If su, the admonitions of Bishops to delinquents in pastoral 
 letter.^ should be umiecessary. The coercive law, too, is a dead letter and should be 
 abolished, and the Church sliould rely upon the voluntary offerings of the people. To 
 such no one can ol)]ect. 
 
ROMAN CATHOMCISM IN CANADA. 
 
 and for special masses for the dead, proceeds of lotteries, of 
 services rendered by Nuns as manaj^ers of convents, asylums and 
 hospitals, and as manufacturers and vendors of trinkets and 
 charms, bequests, rents, and intcic-'t fr(.)m invi-stcd capital. 
 
 It niay be safely said that no one can state accuratcl)' the 
 aggrej^atc revenue from all these scnu'ces, for, while the I hurch 
 denounces secret societii.'s, she ])ractices the utmost secrecy in 
 conductm;,; lier own business. L^iiike civil i;overnments, bankint^ 
 houses, manufacturing^ cotni)am'es and Protestant denonn'nalions, 
 she publishes no statement of revenue and ex[)enditure. 
 
 Tlie chief facts regarding tithes ma>' be stated in few word.s. 
 They were instituted in Quebec in 1663, and enforced since 1667, 
 a period of more thcui two centuries, They were not from the 
 fust, and are not now, levied as formerly in i^'rance, or in 
 accordance with the re(|uirements of the canon law, which 
 demanded a tenth f)f all the products of the .>^oil, but were fixed 
 at one twenty-sixth. This continued to be the law for a time, 
 but was complained of as op[)rc.ssive, and consequently the tithe, 
 or "dime," was m(jrc carcfuliy defined, and finally restricted, by 
 a decree of the Council of State, July 12th, 1707, to one twenty- 
 sixth of certain grains to be harvested, threshed, winnowed, and 
 delivered a!; the priest's parsonage. It is unnecessary here to 
 specify the kinrls of grain referred to, but it maybe mentioned 
 as an item of curious information, and as illustrative of the 
 watchfulness of the jjriesthood regarding revenue, that until about 
 twenty-five years ago pease, which for more than a century were 
 little cultivated by tlie J'^enrh people,' were counted vegetables, 
 and exempt from tithes. By and by, however, it was fcamd 
 profitable to grow pease on a large scale, specially on impoverished 
 clayish .soils, and the clergy discovering that this was being done, 
 succeeded in having pease removed from the category of vege- 
 tables and placed in the list of cereals which are subject to tithes. 
 
 One of tl\e latest estimates of the entire re\enues and wealth 
 of the Church in the Province of Quebec is by the Re\< A. B. 
 Cruchet, Montreal, in an article published on the 15th September, 
 1S8S, in the Kitiw dc. Thcologie Pratique, of Paris. He claims 
 that his figures are from authentic sources. They arc as 
 follows : — • 
 
 " The number of farms under cultivation in the Province is estimated at 200,000. 
 Many of these prwluce barely enough to give bread to tlie numerous families who 
 culiivate til em. We may li)rin an opinion by the following statement : 
 
 "(I.) The Province of Quei)ec j.roduces a total of 31,280,000 bushels (minotes), 
 valued at $18,200,000, yiekhn^: a 'dime,' or tithe, of $700,000. 
 
 "(2.) Taxes on Jamilies who do not possess land, amounting to not less than 
 $300,000, 
 
 . ^. 
 
REV. PRINCIPAL MACVICAR. 
 
 "(3.) Fees for baptisms, marriages, funerals and masses, payments for pew-rfints 
 and olijects of piety, vickiing not less than $2,000,000. 
 
 " (4.) V'olunt;iry gilts rL-oeivoil froni house to house, legacies, and revenue derived 
 from pio[jerty of uiilcnowa extent, held in viort main, all put together, probably 
 exceeding $3,000,000. 
 
 "(5.) Taxes for consi ruction and maintenance of Churches, I'resbyteries, and 
 Fabritiue Schools, amounting to .it least $2,ooo,ogo. 
 
 " Tlitf Romish C'hurch, thefifoic, receives on an average annually, from 2'X),ooo 
 C^'itholic families in (.^u-licc, the tnormous sum of $8,000,000 for tin; exclusive ends of 
 thtir worshij., lliat is to say, for llie maintenance of 9.yj parishes genres) at $8,ck.)0 
 each. I'his seems imredible. The tigures, however, rue fir from giving a complete 
 idea of the revenues of the Church in our happy province." 
 
 Mr. r"ru(:h(;t then gives the following inventory of tlie Church's 
 properly :— 
 
 " In 1759 she received 2,117,000 acres of land, which valuable jiosses-sion has since 
 been greatly tivlded to l)y property gaine<l through diplomacy and continual begging, 
 and by the n.'itural increase in the value of certain kinds of real estate. 
 
 " She owiis 900 ihuiches, valued at $37,ooo,ocx) ; 900 parsonages along with the 
 palaces of the Cardinal, the Archbishops and Hishops, valued at $9,fX)o,0(Jo ; twelve 
 seminaries woith $600,000; 17 clas.sical colleges, $850,000; 259 bo.irdmg schools 
 and academies, $6,000,000 ; 800 convents, $4,ocx),ooo ; 68 hospitals and asylums, 
 $4,ocx?,ooo ; totnl, $61,210,000. 
 
 " As to land^, shop«, houses, and invested capital, it is impo.ssil)le to reach absolute 
 certainty. We know that some ecclesiastical orders are enormously rich. Catholics 
 themselves declare that the Sulpicians, for example, are richer than the Bank of 
 Montreal, the most powerful instimiiou of the kind in America." * 
 
 Such is Mr. Cruchct's general estimate. It is manifestly ex- 
 clusive of several large items and understates, others. Indeed, 
 since he ])ublished his article he has been distinctly informed by 
 a distinguished ecclesia.^lic, that the Church is far richer than 
 she is made to appear by his figures. I have no doubt of it. 
 She owns a great part of towns and villages which are not 
 mentioned. JoHette, for example, is valued at one million 
 dollars, the half of which belongs to the Chiuxh, and is exempt 
 from municipal taxation, as is the case v. ith all ecclesiastical 
 property. Besides, Mr. Cruchet has not been able to report the 
 vast endowments which must exist in order to carry on the array 
 of schools, colleges, convents, hospitals and asylums which he 
 cnimierates. Me surely underestimates the value of the grounds 
 and buildings of hospitals and asylums. About two j-cars ago 
 Sister Stc. Therese, Mother Superior of Longue Pointe Asylum, 
 
 * "According to Bouch^-tte, in his brst edition of the 'Description of Lower 
 Can.-ida,' the following Seigniories belongedto the St, Sulpician Seniniary, Montreal : 
 The Island of Montreal, 32 by lo^^ miles square ; the Seigniory of St. Sulpicius, 6 by 
 18 miles ; and the Seigniory of the Lake of Two Mountains. The endowments of 
 this Seminary are very extensive and valuable. On the testimony of ecclesiastics 
 connected with it, the atmual revenue ofits funds is$i28,ooo. If this income is equal 
 to six per cent, on the capital, their funds amount t $2,300,000 ; but considering the 
 low rents received on their concessions, it is presumed that the revenue does not 
 exceed two per cent on the capital. Admitting this to be the rate, then the funds of 
 the institution are $6,900,000.'' — Rankin" s Jesuits' Estates, pp. 114-115. 
 
8 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN CANADA. 
 
 i 
 
 stated to a representative of the press, that the Nuns built that 
 institution with their own funds at a cost of one million dollars, 
 which is one fourth of the entire amount set down by Mr. 
 Cruchct as the value of sixly-eigiit hospitals and asylums. 
 Then there are the profits realized by such institutions. The 
 Longue Pointc Asylum h',)lds u contract from the Quebec 
 Government under which it receives about $90,000, per annum, 
 for the treatment of patients, which ^ve may be certain is not a 
 losing business. And who can ascertain v,hat is gained by con- 
 vents, where the daughters of wealthy easy-going Protestants 
 are found iu hundreds, many of whom become Roman 
 Catholics, and many more extremely tolerant of all manner 
 of superstitions. 
 
 In connection with church revenues, it should also be remem- 
 bered that some of the methods followed in securing them 
 are thoroughly corrupting to the hearts and consciences of 
 the people. It is well-kno\\n that according to the casuistry 
 and ethics of Rome, what is wholly immoral in ordinary 
 business may be piously cmplojed in behalf of religion. — The 
 end justifies the means. — Hence a wheel-of-fortune was used for 
 monetary purposes not very h>ng ago within the walls of the 
 unfinished St. Peter's, Montreal. And we have had in our city, 
 several years ago, under the highest ecclesiastical sanction and 
 patronage, the Grand Lottery of the Sacred Heart, in connection 
 with which tickets were offered for sale, it is said, to the value of 
 millions of dollar.?, and jirizes amounting to over half a million. 
 And on St. James street may be seen any day the sign-board 
 of the National Loliery. Nor is the evil confined to this 
 Province. On the loth instant, one of our daily papers made 
 the following editorial announcement : — 
 
 "Like many other Rom.Tn Catholic Dioceses, tliat of London, Ontario, has re- 
 solved itself into a gambling ase:icy. We have received a package of tickets of u 
 lottery scheme entitled, 'Grand Charity IWa.ir,* carried on under the patronage and 
 appioval of ];ishop \Vali;h, who appears ab the giver of the principal prize." — Daify 
 Wihiess. 
 
 This traffic is utterly indefensable. Alas that some Protes- 
 tants, as vv'cll as Papists, countenance it, and are gradually 
 falling more and jnore into similar discreditable methods ot 
 church finance. The world is teaching the Church a lesson in 
 tliis respect. Even the secular authorities of ci\ilized nations 
 have, with singular unanimity, pronounced unlawful the 
 gambling by lotteries now homologated as part of the dominant 
 religious system of this Province. The fact that such methods 
 arc resorted to by the Church caimot but exert a most injurious 
 
RTV. PRINCIPAL IsrACVICAR. 9 
 
 influence upon public moralitj'', and in this wc arc all deeply 
 concerned. 
 
 1 1 1. The poverty and stagnation pt'odiiccd by the exactions 
 and the teachings of the chiirck demand the attention of all true 
 patriots. 
 
 It is obvious that no people, however industrious and fruc^al, 
 can prosper under such grinding exactions as we have just 
 indicated. Nor can it be denied that the Church has, a hundred 
 times over, denounced modern science, freedom and progress in 
 her councils, and by bulls and encyclicals. Equally true it is 
 that she has been successful in breathing the spirit of stagnation 
 into many of her votaries in Quebec. Hence some of its 
 parishes are now very much as they were a century ago. The 
 world moves but they stand still, except in so far as young 
 people find their way into our cities and into the United States. 
 It may be regarded almost as a rule, without exception, that 
 where the Church thrives and has things her own way, indepen- 
 dent thought and bold business enterprise gradually disappear. 
 Instances of this sort will occur to many of you without rnir 
 stating them. You kno\v where real estate has fallen in value 
 and commercial enterpribc has well nigh died out, and that too 
 under naturally favorable- circumstances. The docile subjects of 
 the Church are not the prominent capitalists and leading pro- 
 jectors of great railway lines and ocean steamship companies. 
 The reason of this is obvious. Not that thev are wasteful, 
 indolent and incapable, but thnt their energies are paralyzed and 
 their resources gradually absorbed by the Church. This is not 
 a question of race but of religion. * Ilistory repeats itself The 
 IVovince of Quebec is fast apj_)roaching, if it has not already 
 reached, so far as its French population is concerned, the con- 
 dition of Scotland immediately before the Reformation, when, 
 according to the historian, James Mackenzie, " The wealth and 
 power of the clergy were enormous. Fully one half of all the 
 property in the nation belonged to them. Every few guiles, all 
 the country over, there stood in some fair fertile spot a great 
 establishment of some of the numerous orders of monks living 
 in idleness on the fat of the land. There were 240 such places 
 in all, and the whole population of the Kingdom was under a 
 million," pp. 276, 277. 
 
 * In Montreal Romanists are about four times as numerous as Protestants, l;ut, 
 according to oiiicial figures, Protesiants own fully half the entire wealth of the city, 
 so far .IS lay proprietors are concerned. On them, therefore, the burden of taxation 
 falls heavily in proportion to the small share they have in the management of civic 
 afiairs. 
 
p. 
 
 10 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN CANADA, 
 
 • It is true that the Roman CathoHc population of this Province 
 is somewhat larger than that of Scotland at the time referred to^ 
 but we have, accordint? to Mr. Cruchet's figures, a far greater 
 array of ecclesiastical machinery. ' Just think of it. The country 
 is crowded with such, and there seems to be no abatement of its 
 increase. Nine hundred churches, 1 2 seminaries, 17 collci^cs, 259 
 boardini^-schools and academies, 800 convents and 68 hospitals 
 and asylums ! And if half of all the property of the Province 
 is not yet absorbed b\' the Church, that is due to the presence of 
 so many enterprising well-to-do Protestants, and to the earnest 
 efforts made to check her aggressions, restrain her greed and 
 secure the freedom of the people. 
 
 IV. The position of the Roinish CJiurch in relation to Education. 
 
 She is opposed to a natiotial system of education, and con- 
 sequently has separate schools where she is in the minority, as in 
 Ontario and other pro\inccs. In Quebec, where she is dominant, 
 there are schools managed by Commissioners, some of them 
 laymen, but these are not regarded with favour. Complete 
 ecclesiastical control alone gives full satisfaction, and hence the 
 Council of Education is composed of a decided majority of 
 bishops, and each bishop is virtually superintendent in his own 
 diocese, so that the education of the bulk of the French people is 
 wholly iii the hands of the Church. 
 
 Protestants in the Province of Quebec are made to suffer wrong 
 in the m-itter of education in several respects : 
 
 First, they are subject to the dictation of the majority as to 
 the amount of taxes to be levied for school purposes. The result 
 is that the income supplied is quite inadequate. This is the case 
 to-day in Montreal and elsewhere. While our schools arc 
 excellent as far as they go, they are insufficient for the wants 
 of our Protestant popt lation, and we are held back by the 
 educational views of those who dictate what we should do. 
 
 Second, the school taxes of joint-stock companies, such as 
 banks, railways, etc., are di\'ided according to population, and 
 thus Protestants in many districts lose large amounts of their 
 own assessments. In the City of Montreal, for example, Roman 
 Catholics are fotu' times as numerous as Protestants, and hence for 
 every dollar I'rotestants get from this source Roman Catholics 
 receive four, while it is well-known that probably more than 
 three-fourths of the stocks of the greater number of such insti- 
 tutions are owned by Protestants, 'it is estimated that between 
 ten -and twelve thon -and dollars of the taxes of Protestants are 
 thus annual!)' handed over to Roman Catholics in the City of 
 Montreal alone. There is no insuperable obstacle in the way oF 
 
REV. TRINCirAL MACVICAR. 
 
 II 
 
 hi as 
 and 
 their 
 man 
 efor 
 olics 
 than 
 
 MSti- 
 
 wcen 
 arc 
 ty of 
 ay of 
 
 putting this matter right except the power of the Romish Thiirch 
 and the supincncs:^ of Protestants, who should picss it upon the 
 attention of the local government, and, failing justice being done, 
 exercise their right, under the British North America Act, to 
 appeal to Ottawa. The School l.aw of Ontario malvcs provision 
 for the taxes of joint-stock companies being equitably ap))lit;d 
 according to the religious faith of t.he owners, and wliy should we 
 not have a similar law in this Provir.' < . 
 
 Third, the Government of (Quebec has invested the Council of 
 the Bar and the Pvledicai Council of this Province with powers to 
 enact by-laws w ch prov*.' inju''ii:)us to the interests of higher 
 cducatior -'.s conducted by Protestants, and which have practically 
 the effect of compelling, especially students in law, and to some 
 extent students in medicine, to ad(^i)t in part the coarse of study 
 prescribed by the Church. A decided majority of these Councils 
 are PVench and Roman Catholic, and thev may be wholly such. 
 The Council of the Bar dictates to the Universities the cj/r- 
 riculum in that profession, the number of lectures to be delivertxl 
 to students, and the relative value to be attached to their 
 answers in different subjects. Hence a man having tai-:en the 
 degree of ^.K. in any of our Universities is Tiot thereby quali- 
 fied to begin professional studies in law or medicine. He must, 
 in addition, pa.': an entrance examination, including branches to 
 which special importance is attached in Romish institutions. 
 
 FourtJi, the recent action of the Provincial Gfwernmcnt in 
 relation to the Jesuits gives cause for grave alarm. The Society 
 of Jesus was suppressed in Canada in 1774 by a Royal Decree of 
 the Imperial Parliament, and their property was confiscated, 
 provision being made for the comfortable maintenance of those 
 of them who remained in the country.* The last of their number, 
 Jean Joseph Cazot, died in 1800, when the Crown became sole 
 and absolute ov/ner of all their estates, w^liich were formally 
 taken possession of under a Royal writ, sent by George HI. to 
 the Sheriff of the District of Quebec. This writ, which was 
 duly executed, declares explicitly that the estates were the 
 property of the Crown of Britain from the Conquest ol Canada 
 in 1760, and that the title to them was confirmed to the King by 
 the Treaty of Peace in 1763. It is plain, therefore, that the 
 Jesuits have no right or title to any part of these estates. 
 
 * The (late of the suppression has Incn questioned, and 1791 has been given as 
 correct, lliis boinj; mentioned in the Chishohn Papers in tlie Dominion J'arliamentary 
 Library. The vital thinct i.s the fact of tl\e suppression, and this is acknowledged, 
 and the daU- given as 1773, by the Archbishop of Quebec. — (See Statutes of Quebec, 
 1888, p. 44.) 
 
12 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN CANADA. 
 
 t : :i: 
 
 t 
 
 Accordingly, in 1831, the Ifomc Government placed the 
 property uml'n- Colonial control, to be held for educational 
 purposes. Since then dignitaries of the Church of Rome have 
 made many unsuccessful r.tlempts to gain possession of it. In 
 i8iS7 the Jesuits obtained from the Legislature of Quebec powers 
 of incorporation, ana in iS.S:^ the same Government passed an 
 "Act (can. 13, Statutes of Quebec) to put an end to the 
 uneasiness which exists in this iVovince in connection with the 
 question of the Jesuits' Estates." 
 
 We judge thcii the "uneasiness" is only increased by the 
 method adopted to put an end to it. According to the Act : 
 
 Sect. 2. — " The Lieutcnant-Ciovernor-in-Council is authorised 
 to pa\ , out of an V i>ublic money at his disposal, the sum of four 
 hundred thousand dollars, in the matmer and under the condi- 
 tions mentioned in the documents above cited, and to make any 
 deed that he may deem necessary for the full and entire execu- 
 tion of such agreement.' 
 
 Sect. J. — " The Lieutenant-Govcrnor-in-Council is authorized 
 to transfer to the Society of Jesus, a society incorporated under 
 act of this Province, 50 Victoria, chapter 28, all the rights of this 
 Province in and to Laprarie Common." 
 
 Sect. 4.. — '* On such settlement being effected, the Lieutenant 
 Governor-in-Council may pay a sum of sixty thousand dollars to 
 the Protestant Commiittee of the Council of Public Instruction, 
 to be invented by said committee. 
 
 The inrerest from said investment shall be annually apportioned 
 by the Protestant Committee, with the approval of the Lieutenant 
 Governor-in-Council, among the Protestant institutions of superior 
 education, in addition to and in the same manner as any sums now 
 granted by law for the purpose of Protestant superior education 
 in this Province." 
 
 The documents cited in the Act, and which form part of it, 
 are vohnninous and consist of correspondence between the 
 Government and Patlicr Ttjurgeon, Procurator of the Jesuits, at 
 Montioal, Cardinal Taschereau, the Pope, etc., etc. 
 
 The H(ai. Monore Mercier, in a letter dated INIay 1st, 1 888, tells 
 P'ather Turgeon that "in consenting to treat witb you respecting 
 this propert\\ the Govcrnmenl' docs not recognize any civil obliga- 
 tion, but merely a moral obligation in this respect." The nature 
 and grounds of the ' moral obligation," however, are nowhere 
 stated. In the same letter it is said "that the amount of the 
 compensation fixed shall remain in the possession of the Govern- 
 ment of the Province as a special deposit, until the Pope has 
 ratified the said .settlement and made known his wishes respect- 
 
REV. PKINCIPAL MACVICaR. 
 
 13 
 
 ing the distribution of such amount in this country." This was 
 agreed to, because in a letter sent from Rome by Cardinal 
 Simconi, dated J4th of March, 1888, these words occur; " The 
 Pt)pc allows the Government to retain the proceeds of the sale of 
 the Jesuit estates as a special deposit to be disposed of hereafter 
 with the sanction of the Holy See." In a letter dated May 14th, 
 1888, Hon. Mr. Mercier asks Father Turgcon to "be very reason- 
 able and moderate, in view of the fman.cial and other difficulties 
 of the Province." The Father, in reply, asserts that the estates 
 are worth at least $2,000,000, and puts in Avhat he considers a 
 very reasonable and moderate claim, at $990,000; ; but finally 
 accepts $400,000, with the additional gift of tlic Laprairie 
 Common to commemorate the settlement of this "delicate 
 question." 
 
 This whole transaction was taken into consideration by a 
 recent meeting of the Presbytery of Montreal, when the following 
 resolutions were unanimously adopted : — 
 
 " Whereas, by recent legislation of the Province of Quebec, a 
 large sum of money was voted out of the Jesuits' estates, which 
 upwards of a century ago became public property, and has been 
 since looked to as available for educating the people of the Pro- 
 vince, irrespective of race or religious belief, — $400,000 to the 
 Society of Jesus, and $60,000 to the Protestant Committee of the 
 Council of Public Instruction : 
 
 " The Presbytery of Montreal avails itself of this opportunity 
 of expressing strong disapproval of the same, and of declining, so 
 far as it has a right to voice public opinion, to be a party to it ; 
 
 " The Presbytery further expresses astonishment that the Pro- 
 vincial Legislature, not content with granting powers of incor- 
 poration to the Jesuits, should have gone out of its way to foster 
 in a mixed community a society which has proved itself the enemy 
 of civil and religious liberty all the A\-orld over, and which, even 
 the governments of Roman Catholic states have found it neces- 
 sary to expel ; 
 
 " The Presbytery also protests earnestly against tht action ot 
 the Government of Quebec in violating the principle of religious 
 equality which w-as established in Canada many years ago, by 
 bestowing public money upon a society of a :'"^*^inctly religious 
 character like that of the Jesuits ; 
 
 " Therefore, the Presbytery resolved to memorialize the Gov- 
 crnor-General-in-Council to take the foregoing preamble and 
 resolutions into consideration, and to adopt such measures as 
 will protect the rights of the people of this Province in the 
 premises." 
 
14 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN CANADA. 
 
 ?(•' 
 
 Let us hope that justice will speedily be done in the case. If 
 the Jesuits have a legal and moral right to their forfeited estates 
 they should receive them in full, and not a sum of $400,000, pro- 
 bably not one-fourth of their whole value.* 
 
 And if, they have such a right, Protestants should not receive 
 one cent of these estates. It is simply an act of injustice to give 
 them $60,000 of what, in this case, beloiisTs to others, and an act 
 capable, under the circumstance^, of being regarded as d(\stgned 
 to silence them. Besides, why should the Jesuits be singled out 
 to receive public money in this fashion, that they may have advan- 
 tage over other communities in the Church of Rome? It is a 
 wrong to the Roman Catholics of the Provinc: against which 
 they shf^uld protest. It may be said that the act does not put 
 the Jesuits in possession of $400,cxx), but leaves that sum at the 
 disposal of the I'ope ; yet, seeing they have been instrumental in 
 securing the promise of this amount from the public chest, it is 
 most probable that he will give thetn the lion's share, should the 
 provisions of the act be carried into effect. 
 
 Finally, if asked what we are to expect in future from the 
 present attitude and position of Romanism in this country, I 
 cannot better express my view than in the words of my last 
 Rej)ort to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Canafla, which repc^rt was cordially adopted by the Assembly. 
 I said : — " It is believed that there are at present two hundred 
 Jesuits in this Province, and that they are likely to be joined by 
 a large number of the order from all parts of the world. It is 
 ascertained from undoubted sources of information, that their 
 general policy is to be more aggressive than heretofore." — This 
 has since become a matter of history. — "The Ultramontane 
 spirit is to be thoroughly infused into every channel of ecclesias- 
 tical and political activity. Educational and religious appliances 
 of all sorts are to be diligently employed to increase the inilu- 
 ence of the Virgin Mary and of the Scjciety of Jesus. Wealthy 
 easy-going Protestants, engaged in commercial pursuits and in- 
 
 * "The whole amount of ihejesui'.s' laiuls is 616,500 acres: 48,000 in the district of 
 Montreal, 439,0'' o in llie district of Three Rivers, and 1 29, 500 in the district of Quebec. 
 The value of tlu.se estates is not known. Tlie writer was informed in October, 1S49, 
 by Mr. I'ortier, tlie commissioner of the Jesuits' estates, that their value had never betn 
 estimated. Nolwith.standing the opiriion of the commissioner, the writer, in view of 
 the extent, variety and quality of this property, as its value is disclosed by Parliament- 
 ary papers, presumes to express the opinion that it may amount to $2,000,000, or 
 $3,000,000, or more.'' The same writer j^ives a detailed list of all the items of said 
 estates as contained in the writ of George III., addressed to the sheriff of the district 
 of Quebec, March 8th, 1800. 
 
 See Jesuits' Estates in Canada^ Public Property, by Rev. A, Pankin, A. M. 
 (Montreal, 1830.) pp. iQ-s?. 
 
REV. PRIlviCIPAL MACVICAR. 
 
 15 
 
 volved in political movements, are to be conciliated and flattered, 
 They are to be persuaded — which is often an easy task — that 
 the nursing services, educational skill and public charities of 
 Nuns, Friars and Jesuits far surpass anything they possess within 
 the pale of their own denominations, and, therefore, deserve 
 generous support at their hands. They arc to be induced to have 
 influential and astute Roman Catholic laymen and ecclesiastic, 
 take part in the management, of institutions founded and 
 supported by Protestant money. Thc'r daughters are to be per- 
 suaded to avail themselves of the facilities for superior culture in 
 music, painting and modern languages offered in spacious and 
 .tractive convents. They are to be assured that their religion 
 will not be interfered with, while, of course, they are required to 
 conform to the rules of these institutions and thus learn tc 
 admire the devotion and zeal with which they are conducted. 
 
 Poor and refractory Protestants, who are in the habit of speak- 
 ing about the Bible and disseminating it, especially in country 
 districts, are to be quietly driven out. They are to be proscribed 
 in every convenient way. They are to receive no appointments 
 to municipal and other offices, their educational iuid social privi- 
 leges are to be limited as far as possible, and their farms, when 
 offered for sale, are to be purchased by Church funds, and taken 
 possession of by the faithful. The race feeling — so easily 
 excited — is to be carefully cultivated so as to stimulate activity 
 in all these directions ; and the movement is to be pushed, 
 especially in Eastern and Northern Ontario. Already some two 
 or three French Members sit in the Parliament of that Province, 
 and the expectation is th'at, at next election, four more may be 
 added, and then they may so manage the balance of power as to 
 demand the use of their language on the floor of the House in 
 Toronto, atid the printing of papers in French and English. If 
 this is not gained in the near future it is at least never to be lost 
 sight of. The ignorance of Protestants as to the true nature of 
 Jesuitism, their readiness to call for the fullest measure of tolera- 
 tion, the laxness with which many of them adhere to the 
 principles of their own historic past, the ease with which they 
 divide into contending factions the potent aid usually rendered 
 to the cause of Romanism by certain sections of the Protestant 
 press, and especially the eagerness with which political leaders 
 seek to secure the Popish vote — all these are counted on as im.- 
 portant factors in carrying out this programme. — Meanwhile 
 what are s to do ? 
 
 To break up these intrigues and the present stagnation and 
 oppression the voice of the people themselves must be raised, 
 
% 
 
 t6 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN CANADA. 
 
 and in order to this they must be enlightened by schools con- 
 ducted in a liberal Christian spirit, and by the distribution of 
 the Word of God among them. It is not enough for us to know 
 that t\\^y are in large numbers discontented, craving for better 
 education than they now enjoy, and that thousands, perhaps 
 hundreds of thousands of them, )ioniinally in the bosom of the 
 Church, have no confidence in her dogmas. Our duty is to do 
 all in our power to bring them out into the full light of tl^e 
 Gospel, that they may enjoy the civil and religious liberty which 
 is our common heritage under the British flag." 
 
7¥" 
 
 Romanism in Relation to Education. 
 
 REV. JAS. M. KING, D.D, 
 
 Paper read at the Evangelical Alliance Conference, 
 Montreal, October, 1888. 
 

 1 ' 
 1 
 
 s ' 
 
ROMANISM IN RELATION 
 TO EDUCATION. 
 
 Rev. Jas. M. King, D.D., 
 New York. 
 
 :;{ 
 
 Against the Holy Catholic Church in its educational work we 
 have nothing to say, but against the Roman Catholic Church, 
 under Jesuit control in these directions, we have the continuouii 
 indictment of history. The Holy Catholic Church in her teach- 
 ings, has converted barbarians into Christians ; has liberated 
 bondmen ; has subjugated tyrants ; has built noble temples of 
 worship ; has nurtured learning ; has built hospitals ; has in- 
 spired men and women to lives of devotion and suffering for 
 man's help and for God's glory. TJ^c Roman Catholic Church 
 in her teachings has employed all these virtues of the Holy 
 Catholic Church for base ends. It has sought to educate the 
 world back to pagan rites and worship. It falsifies history to 
 promote its own wicked ends. It teaches intolerance. It 
 educates its adherents to disloyalty to governments and rulers 
 not subject to a Jesuit-controlled Pope. Its relation to educa- 
 tion has put a premium on lying concerning the facts and 
 teachings of history and Scripture. Liguori says :" The 
 Scriptures and books of controversies may not be permitted in 
 the vernacular language ; as also they cannot be read without 
 permission." 
 
4 ROMANISM IM liTLATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 Education ought to give a man a ready spiritual apprehension 
 ot noblL" ideas, a generous ioyalty to truth, a vital s>'nipathy 
 with the needs of mankind. Jesuitism warps ail of these essen- 
 tials to a (jt.iiuine educatinn, 
 
 ICvery man holds all his powers in trust, and the office of 
 education is to train the intelligence and (^uickon the conscience, 
 that the will may be rightly directed in man's life-work. 
 Jesuitism makes a captive of the will, and by it brings the other 
 powers into uiKiuesLioning and unenlightened t)bedicnce. Right 
 education niakes men aspire to ideas and convictions, and gives 
 breadth of view, mental cope, force of will and ilistinctness of 
 puri)ose. Jesuitism forge^ iho chains of unchanging custom, and 
 bolts the tloors airainst the visits of new ideas. 
 
 
 ESSENTIAL RELATIONSHIP OF JEstllTISM TO EDUCATION AND 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Lafayette, himself a Romanist, but not a bigot, whose sword 
 helped to carve out the liberties of t'ac United States, said; — "If 
 the liberties of the American pco])le are ever destroyed they will 
 fall by the hands of the (Jesuit) Roman clergy." And often 
 remnrked, " If anything disturbs your liberties, look for the 
 invisible hand <.)f the Jesuit." 
 
 Control of the educatic^n of the teachers of the people has 
 been the policy of the Jesuits at different periods for centuries. 
 They have sought to overcome by logic the spirit of free thought. 
 Luther, liorn in 1483, a monk who left the cloister to lead the 
 world to liberty ; and Loyola, born in 1491, a man of fortune 
 and military renown, who left the world for the cloister, to devise 
 plans to make men bondsmen, were the leaders of two rival 
 systems of education that have been contending ever since for 
 the supremacy in every country under the sun. That of Loyola 
 has always been antagonistic to the established schools, colleges 
 and universities in every country where it has gained a foothold ; 
 and always antagonistic to the established government, unless the 
 government became subject to the Papal power. The one .sys- 
 tem of education has represented liberty, the other authority. 
 One, the right of progress, the other legitimacy : one, privilege, 
 the other prerogative. 
 
 Only ten years after the establishment of their order the 
 Jesuits asked permission of Henry II. to establish schools in 
 France. The king asked the advice of the University authorities, 
 the crown lawyers, and the Bishop of Paris, and they all 
 
 . 
 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 5 
 
 condemned the order as possessed of tlanf^crous power. T! - 
 faculty of the Uni\crsity used the follo\vinj.f lauguat^c : — " This 
 new society appropriate:; particularly to itself the unusual title of 
 the name of Jes-is ; it receives with great laxity and witiiout any 
 discrimination all kinds of persons, however criminal, lawless, 
 and infamous they may bo ; it withdraws from obedience and 
 submission due to ordinaries ; it unjustly deprives both temporal 
 and spiritual lords of their rights ; it brings disturbance: into 
 every fortn of government. The facuhy of teaching youth 
 should neither be granted nor continued, but to those who seem 
 inclined to maintain peace in the schools and tranquility in the 
 world." 
 
 Liberty and nobility of national character in the Old World 
 have alwa}'s asserted themselves Avhen Jesuitism has been 
 e.vpelled from the seats of learning, and liberty and nobility of 
 national character have always taken their flight when Jesuitism 
 has been enthroned in the schools. 
 
 The members of this politico-religious order have controlled 
 substantially the world by intrigue. They have preserved iheir 
 identity while governments have fallen. The order has been 
 dissolved b}' Ptjpes again and again, and then restored to power. 
 They hav(i been banished from every linropean nation as foes 
 of civil government. The present Pope Leo XIII. has again 
 restored them to ])ower. The church authorities have always 
 feared them, and while they have hated them have eaten the 
 fruits of their unscrupulousness. They alter their methods to 
 suit the changing times. Science was once their v/eapon ; they 
 now appeal to ignorance. Court intrigue was formerly their 
 arena ; they now mix in political party machinery. The means 
 are changed, but the aim is the same, viz., to stop the progress 
 of civilization and enslave mankind under the yoke of the Pope ; 
 and the .Syllabus and the dogma of. infallibility are among their 
 latest achievements. 
 
 In their ends, aims, methods and results, their system, — so the 
 members of this order stoutly claim, — has not been modified in 
 any ess.-^ntial particular. The end they propose in their collegiate 
 instruction is the education of a ruling class, not of the common 
 people. They would remove out of the way, or supplant any 
 conuTion school system, and restrict, if possible, higher education 
 to the control of the church. And this for two reasons : that 
 their order might gain the mighty power of a secret and exclusive 
 band in creating for themselves an overshadowing educational 
 system ; that through this means they may form a public 
 opinion which shalf enable them first to control government 
 
ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 patronage, and thus to gain control over their own as well as 
 other churches. To those ends ever}- feature of their school and 
 college systems is made to tend. Speaking as a citi.'ien of the 
 United States, I say Ultramontanism means Jesuitism, and it 
 can never be American. It owes and teaches allegiance to a 
 foreign potentate and power. The revised Statutes of the United 
 States declare : — " The alien seeking citizenship must make oath 
 to renounce for ever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince^ 
 potentate. State, or sovereignty, in particular that to which he has 
 been subject." 
 
 The United States' Constitution assumes that no foreign 
 potentate whatever shall be permitted to dictate to us in matters 
 of politics, of society, of legislation, of jurisprudence, of education, 
 or of gov^ernment in any of its forms. 
 
 But the Pope says in a recent encyclical . — " The Romish 
 Church has a right to exercise its authority without any limits 
 set to it by the civil power." ..." The Pope and the priests 
 ought to have dominion over the temporal affairs." ..." The 
 Romish Church and her ecclesiastics have a right to immunity 
 from civil law." . . . " In case of conflict between the ecclesiastical 
 and civil powers the ecclesiastical powers ought to prevail." 
 
 Gladstone's comment on the encyclical is : — " Rome requires 
 a convert who joins her to forfeit his moral and mental freedom, 
 and to place his loyalt}' and civil duty at the mercy of another." 
 
 Cardinal McClosky. of New York, said : — "' Nationalities must 
 be subordinate to religion, an.d we must learn that we arc 
 Catholics first and citizens next The Catholics of the United 
 States are as strongly devoted to the maintenance of ihe 
 temporal poxvej's of the Holy Father as Catholics in any part of 
 the world, and if it should be necessar)' to prove it by acts, they 
 are ready to do so." 
 
 Thus it is patent that there are irreconcilable differences 
 between Jesuit principles and the principles of free government. 
 Free government is self-government. Individuals zo bound that 
 they are incapable of self-government, cannot be loyal citizens of 
 a republic, or of any constitutional government. 
 
 THE CHARACTER AND RESULTS OF SOME JESUIT TEACHING.S. 
 
 What are some of the dangerous elements which enter into 
 the instruction of Ultramontane schools ? I quote from a text- 
 book, issued by the " Catholic Publication Society " in New 
 York, Baltimore, and Cincinnati, pp. 97-104 : — 
 
 "(P Have Prott'stants any faith in Christ ? 
 
 ".f. Thev never had. 
 
 ■> >'* 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 ••(?. Why not? 
 
 " A. Because there never lived such a Christ as they imagine and believe in. 
 
 " Q. In what kind of a Christ do they believe ? 
 
 "A. In such a one of whom they can make a liar with impunity, whose doctrine 
 they can interpret as they please, and who does not care what a man believes 
 provided he he an honest man before the public. 
 
 "(?. Will such a faith in such a Christ save Protestants ? 
 
 " //. No sensible man will assent to such an absurdity. 
 
 " Q. What will Christ say to them on the Day of Judgment ? 
 
 " /4. I know you not, because you never knew me. 
 
 " Q. Are Protestants willing to confess their sins to a Catholic bishop or priest, 
 who alone has power from Christ, to forgive sins ? ' Whose sins you shall forgive 
 they are forgiven them.' 
 
 "A. No ; for they generally have an utter aversion to confession, and therefore 
 their sins will not be forgiven them throughout all eternity. 
 
 "(). What follows from this ? 
 
 " A. That they die in their sins, and are damned." 
 
 What relationship can persons thus instructed sustain to their 
 Protestant countrymen ? What do you think now of the right 
 of the people, who give character to American civilization, to 
 demand that text-books and teachers of such schools, if either 
 chartered or aided by Government, should be subject to Govern- 
 ment inspection ? Is the proposed University at Washington 
 to receive a charter from the United States Government to 
 disseminate such doctrine as this ? Oh for a baptism of national 
 self-respect ! 
 
 But what are the results of these and kindred teachings ? 
 The Jesuit morality taught in the Parochial Schools by Roman 
 Catholic text-books leaves no further explanation necessary (^1 
 the followifig statistics gathered from the census. It seems that 
 there are furnished to every 10,000 inhabitants in the United 
 States : — 
 
 Illiterates. Paupers. Criminals. 
 By Public Schools of State of Massachusetts. . 71 69 11 
 
 By Public Schools of 21 States 350 170 75 1 
 
 By Roman Catholic Schools 1,400 410 160 
 
 In the state of New York the Roman Catholic parochial school 
 system turns out three and a half times as many paupers as the 
 public school system. A word from Macaulay upon the effect 
 produced by Ultramontane education may here prove instructive. 
 " Under its power," he says : " the loveliest and most fertile pro- 
 vinces of Europe have been sunk in poverty, political scia itude, 
 and intellectual torpor." 
 
 The Catholic Review (of April, 1871) thus explains the reasons 
 why it does not provide even the simplest elements of education : 
 " We do not indeed prize as highly as some of our countrymen 
 appear- to do, the ability to read, write and cipher. Some men 
 are bori:i to be leaders, and the rest are born to be led. The best 
 

 8 
 
 ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 I 
 
 
 ordered and administered state is that in which the frv/ are well 
 educated and lead, and the many arc trained to obedience." 
 
 The third Plenary Council of Baltimore, 1*884, declared : — 
 " Parochial schools must be founded in every parish, where it is 
 possible to do so. No one must attend these public schools in 
 which the faith of children is endangered or compromised by 
 sectarian teaching or practices. The common schools may be 
 frequented, whenever there is good reason to do so, of which 
 reason the bishop is the proper judge." . . . Archbishop Corrigan, 
 in announcing this edict of the Council, said : " The Plenary 
 Council has laid down that wherever there is a Catholic Church 
 and resident pastor, there also, within two years from the pro- 
 mulgation of the council, except only in cases of extreme diffi- 
 culties, of which the bishop shall be the judge, a Catholic school 
 shall be erected and a board of visitors appointed, who will make 
 A tour of inspection once or twice a year, and submit to the bishop 
 an official report." And the Catholic Review said : " There is no 
 longer a school question for Catholics : it is closed. The door 
 of discussion is closed, locked and bolted, and barred by the 
 plenary Council." And now an advance is made all along the 
 line for a division of the public school funds to support parochial 
 schools. 
 
 Jesuitism has never favored the education of the masses. In 
 fts relation to them it has carried out the spirit of its proverb : 
 '' Ignorance is the mother of devotion." Compelled in Protestant 
 countries in self-defence to open schools of its own, its real 
 attitude towards the education of the masses is ascertained from 
 its course in the countries where its sway is undisputed, and where 
 it has forged the chains of ignorance upon the people. In Italy 
 73 per cent, of the population are illiterate ; in Spain 80 per cent. ; 
 and in Mexico 93 per cent. 
 
 Dr. Brownson, the most learned pervert Romanism has secured 
 in this country, says of the character of '\\\v, education given by 
 his own ecclesiastical organization . " We educate not for the 
 present or the future but for a past which can never be restored, 
 an order of things which the world has left behind, for it could 
 be reproduced, if at all, only by a second childhood ; and it has 
 no root in the life of the nation, and as an inferior civilization it 
 has doiie much to corrupt and lower our civilization and morals." 
 The foreignism which Roman Catholics bring with them and per- 
 petuate in their foreign colony is uncatholic and antagonistic to 
 the American idea, and has done more injury to the American 
 idea of civilization than the Catholicity they also bring with them 
 has done good." The text that inspired these comments must 
 
 M'. 
 
 f 1 1-'' 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING. 9 
 
 have been found in the following utterance of Pius IX. : " The 
 absurd and erroneous doctrines or ravings in defence of liberty 
 of conscience are a most pestilential error, a pest of all others, 
 most to be dreaded in a state." 
 
 TEACHINGS FROM STANDARD JESUIT AQTHORITIES. 
 
 For centuries the relation of Romanism to education has been 
 controlled by the Jesuits, and when they have been expelled 
 from states, and ostensibly suppressed by Popes, they have been 
 restored to power before the systems of instruction they had 
 instituted had been changed or reformed. This changeless S3's- 
 tem of education is their boast. Let us see -what it is. Meantime, 
 let us remember that Leo XIIL has restored the Jesuits to power, 
 and therefore there can be no debate as to the relation of things. 
 Romanism at the present moment of human history means Jesnitism. 
 
 Now the Jesuits themselves admit that they are to be judged 
 •by the writings of their principal authors. Gretser says: "It is 
 not from vague and obscure descriptions that an opinion of the 
 doctrine of the Jesuits can be found, but from their books, \\\\\c\\, by 
 the blessing of God, arc already very mnnerous. . . . It is from the 
 books of our theologians that the reader will easily judge whether 
 our doctrine is comparable to the doctrine of Jesus Christ." No 
 book written by a Jesuit can be published until it has been 
 approved by the General. And for ail the works published by 
 its members the order is responsible. 
 
 Listen to the following accurate quotation;-> from Jesuit books. 
 The sources' of these quotations are filed, and ready to come 
 forth in case any man venture to challenge their accuracy, and 
 with them will come forth troops of others fit to become their 
 companions. The limits of this paper prohibit the extended 
 references which have been compiled. 
 
 Here are .some of the teachings on Murder : 
 
 " Christian and Catholic sons may accuse their fathers of the crime of heresy, if they 
 wish to turn them from the faiih, allhouj^h they may know that their parents will he 
 Imrnoil hy fire, and put to death for it, as jolet leache«. They may also justly kill 
 them, oh: crving the moderation of a ju.st self-ilefence, if they forcibly compt-1 their 
 children to abandon the faith." " A c;duinninior should lirst be warned that he 
 desist from liis slander, and if he will not lie should be killed, not openly, on account 
 of llie slander, but secrirtly." 
 
 " It is lawful for a son to rejoice at the murder of his parent, committed by himself 
 in a state of drunkenness, on account of the great riches acquired thence by inheri- 
 tance." . . . "The general, and the other fitly iieads of houses and rectors to be 
 appointed by him for the occasion, can grant a dispensation to members of our order, 
 in all cases without exception under the seal of confession only, but the dispensation 
 in the case of murder does not include ministering at the altar." " In the case 
 of irregularity, aiising from bigamy and lioiu murder, it is reserved to the general 
 alone." 
 
•-7" 
 
 10 
 
 ROMANISM lx\ RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 .P 
 
 " Sotus, Suarez, Diiranclus, and others affirm, with great probability, that the Pope 
 has power in any particular case, not so much to dispense as to declare the Divine 
 law not to be oliligatory in that particular case ; for it seems necessary that such power 
 should exist in llie Poi)l- for the common good of the churdi, ou account of the various 
 circumstances which may arise." 
 
 Here arc some of the teachings on 77/.c/f : 
 
 " It is not a moital sin to take* secretly from liim who would give if it were asked, 
 although he may oe unwilling that it should he taken lecretly, and it is not necessary 
 to restore " ... "it is nut theft to take a small hing secretly from a husband or a 
 father, but if it be considerable it must be restored." ..." Servants are excused 
 both from sin and restitution if they only take for equitable compensation. ' • • • 
 " '['he Salamancan Jesuits say that Jie servants may act upon :heir own )rivate 
 judgment in compen.sating their own work." . . . "He by no means sins igainst 
 justice who compensates himself rather than have recourse to legal procedure, .vhen- 
 ever this may he attended with difficulties, or the danger of scandal, or extraordinary 
 cost, because their recourse to legal procedure is impossible." 
 
 Here arc some of* the teachings on Equivocation : 
 
 " It is not intrinsically wrong to use equivocation even in making oath, whence it is 
 not always perjury." . . . " It is the common opmion, even amongst the more rigid 
 doctors, that it is lawful for us for a just cause, and speaking generally, to use mental 
 restriction when not purely mental, and equivocal words even in swearing, (or then 
 we do lot deceive our neighbour, but we permit him to deceive himself." ... "A 
 confessor can a(ith-m, even on oath, th U he does not know of a sin lieard in confession, 
 und'jrstamling that he heard it as a minister of Christ and not as a man.'' ..." A 
 poor man absconding with goods for his own support can an.swer the judge that he 
 has nothing.'' . . . "" If sacramentally an adulteress has confessed her adultery she 
 can deny adultery to her husband, .and say I am innoceiit of this crime, because by 
 coni'ession it. was taken away." 
 
 Here are some of the teachint{3 on Oaths : 
 
 " To say ' I swear that it is sc ' is not truly an oath, because in that case the Divine 
 testimony is neither c-vplicitly or implicitly called upon." "An oath v/ithout the 
 intention of bimling oneself is .not a promise, but a mere purpose; therefore, the 
 promise being evanescent, the oath is also sucli, and is considered as made without the 
 intention of swearing, which certairdy, as we have seen, is null and void ; but if no 
 oath exists there is no obligation of fulfilling that oath." . . . " He wiio has sworn to 
 a judge that he would sj euk what he knew, is not bound to reveal concealed things. 
 However, let oaths be ever '-0 valid, they can be released by ;he church." . . . "The 
 binding force of an (atb has to be intdpreted according to the tacit conditions either 
 included or implied therein." 
 
 Here are some of the teachings on Rulers and their Subjects : 
 
 " The spiritual power may change kingdoms, and take from one to transfer them 
 to another, as a spiritual prince, if it should be necessary for the salvation of souls." 
 ..." The right of deposing kings is inherent in the supreme .sovereignty wliich the 
 Popes, as vicegeren's of Christ, exercise over all Christian nations." Cardinal 
 Manning describes the Pope as saying: "In Christ's right I am sovereign. 1 
 acknowledge no civil superior, and I claim more than this, I claim to be the supiome 
 judge on earth, and director cf the consciences of men, of the peasant that tills the 
 field and ilie prince that sits on the throne ; of the household that lives in the shade of 
 privacy and the legislature lliat makes laws for kingdcmis. and am the last smreme 
 judge on earth of what is right and wrong." 
 
 Here are some of the teachings on Pajmient of Taxes : '' • 
 
 " Speaking generally of taxes, Lugo is of ophiion that people should be exhorted 
 to pay them, but that after the act they should not be compelled to make restitution 
 of a duty they may have withheld fraudulentl}', if they have any probable ground for 
 
 
REV, DR. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 II 
 
 persuading themselves that in so great a number of taxes they may have paid some- 
 thing not justly, or that they have contributed adequately to the public wants. "... 
 "Those who import prohibited goods in small luantities, and for their own benefit, 
 especially if poor, are certainly not liable to blame ; the others (the rich and ..ystenutic 
 smugglers), however, are in danger of sinning against their duty towards themselves, 
 by running a risk of very severe penalties," 
 
 Here are some of the teachings on Gifts in Wills : 
 
 "Can Bishops, with ,ust jause, alter pious dispositions?" The answer is that 
 the commonly held opinion .s that "bishops, "as ordinaries, have this power of 
 altering dispositions in wills, for such altering is a dispensation in the law, pre- 
 scribing the exact fulfilment of last wills, so ihat when it is said by the Council of 
 Trent that such dispensations can be made, and it is not expressed by whom, it is 
 understood that it can be June by bishops, as Suarez and Sauchea teach. Though 
 the bishop could not do .t of his authority as ordinary, still he can do it as delegate of 
 the Apostolic See, provided theie is a just cause for his sentence, and this point is 
 proved by the Council of Trent." 
 
 Quotations teaching questionable morality and putting a 
 premium on immorality might be multiplied, but these specimens 
 will suffice. Most of these extracts are taken from the standard 
 works of theology, now used in the College of Maynooth, and 
 other Roman Catholic seminaries under Jesuit control, and 
 from the writings of Liguori, who was formally canonized by 
 the Pope, and in 1 870 made .a doctor of the church, and of 
 whom Leo XIII. declares 'that though he wrote most copiously, 
 yet it became evident, after a diligent examination of his writ- 
 ings, that they may be all perused by the faithful without any 
 danger of stumbling." 
 
 Is this a fitting training for a priesthood, whose influence in 
 educating the masses is vill-powerful and all-pervading ? Was 
 Lord Palmerston right wlien he declared that " the teachings of 
 the Order of Jesuits are incompatible with the safety of .go\crn- 
 ment and the well-being of society? " William Marshall says to 
 the English people : '* Jesuit-bound Popery and Protestantism 
 are once more in your native land, struggling with each other for 
 mastery, if not for existence.''^ 
 
 The nobility, the ministry, the seats of learning in England 
 are fast being Romanized. " Numberless are the instances in 
 which a widow has denied herself comforts for many years in 
 order to send licr darling son to Oxford or Cambridge, only to 
 find him return dead to her in popery." The Romish population 
 in I'^ngland in 1845 was one in fifty, now it is one in fourteen. 
 Romanism has in Great Britain about 200 colleges and schools, 
 and mostly under Jesuit control. The annual payments from 
 public funds in support of Romanism in Great Britain and 
 Ireland amount to ,^716,703, and in Canada the annual value of 
 endowment for this same support is £2^6,2^0. In the United 
 States it is impossible to at all accurately determine the 
 
I 
 
 12 
 
 ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCA.TION. 
 
 I 
 
 i '^a", '■ 
 
 enormous amounts that, through political crookedness, find their 
 way into the treasury of Roman institutions. Throut^h its 
 educational methods Romanism is grappling' with the great 
 Republic. It has in the United States 154 hospitals, with 30,000 
 inmates ; 520 asylums, with 40,000 inmates, and hospitals and 
 asylums are converted into schools for propagating the Roman 
 faith ; it Ikis 124 Jesuit and other colleges and institutions of 
 high grade, with 19,000 siudents ; it has 577,000 students of all 
 classes under its instruction. It claims as members and 
 adherents 7,000,000 of the population, and it has property valued 
 at $70,000,000. 
 
 ROME TEACHES COMMUNI.SM 
 
 Mr. Guiimess forcibly calls attention to the fact, that the claim 
 
 preferred by the rioters in Trafalgar Square, that the state is 
 
 bound to supply work for the unemplo}-ed, seems to have found 
 
 an ardent advocate in the person of Cardinal Manning, and lias 
 
 given rise to an animated controversy in^the public papers on 
 
 questions of Social Political Economy. Cardinal Manning bases 
 
 his argument upon what he terms ''the law of natural right " which 
 
 he alleges has a divine sanction, and in an article in the January 
 
 number of the Fortnightly Rcviezu he states : — "The obligation 
 
 to feed the hungry springs from the natural right of every man to 
 
 life, and to the food necessary for the sustenance of life. So 
 
 strong is this naiural right that it prevails over all positive laws 
 
 of property. Necessity has no law, and a starving man has a 
 
 natural right to his neighbor's bread." Such teaching is rank 
 
 communism. The Divine law says, "Thou shalt not steal " ; but 
 
 Cardinal Manning asserts that " necessity has no law." A man, 
 
 b}' his own foil}', by intemperance, by extravagance, by indulgence 
 
 in vice, or by idleness, may have reduced himself to a state of 
 
 need, yet "his natural right to life prevails over all positive laws 
 
 of property ," and he has a natural right to steal his neighbor's 
 
 bread. Cardinal Manning refers us to the writings of Liguori. 
 
 This so-called Saint is held up by the Cardinal as of the highest 
 
 authority in the Church of Rome, and sa}'s that "his decisions may 
 
 be safely followed." The references to Liguori's writings show the 
 
 v^alue that is to be attached to his opinions, which arc held up by 
 
 Cardinal Manning as principles of morality ; yet the Cardinal is 
 
 supported in the approval f)f these opinions by the most exalted 
 
 authorities of the Church of Rome. This is what Liguori leaches 
 
 in reference to stealing. In the original works to which we have 
 
 referred, we find as follow^s :— " It is certain that he who is in 
 
 extreme \v'ant may steal the property of another (posse alicmim 
 
 W 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 13 
 
 surripere) as much as is sufficient to deliver himself from .Mich a 
 necessity. Thus, commonly the doctors teach with Tiiomas (St. 
 Thomas Acjuinas.) The reason of the doctor is, because in such 
 a case all things are common ; for the law of nations by wliich a 
 division of goods was made, cannot derogate from the natural law, 
 which pleads for anyone the right of providing for himself when 
 he suffers under great necessity. The same thing also is said 
 when a necessity is next to extreme, or equivalent to it." (vol. iii. 
 p. 237, n 519, lib. iv.) Liguori then proceeds to examine the cir- 
 cumstances that contribute such a case of grave necessity, which 
 would authorize a man to steal. Amc;ngst which he enumerates 
 the danger of death or of the punishment of the galleys, or a per- 
 petual imprisonment, or severe disease, or infancy ; and he teaches 
 that if a man is so ashamed of begging that he would prefer death 
 itself, he may provide for himself out of another man's property. 
 Such teaching would doubtless obtain approval with many of the 
 Socialist fraternity who advocate the rights of man, and affirm 
 that " the acquisition of property is robbery," The principle of 
 community of property, moreover, has been recently affirmed by 
 the Roman Catholic Bishop Nulty in Ireland. In the Times, Dec. 
 2<Sth, 1881, attention was directed to a document, which at that 
 tune "was being distributed by the Roman Catholic priests in 
 Ireland,'' which ran as follows: — " Land, the common property 
 of all. The land of every country is the common property of the 
 people of the country ; because its real owner — the Creator who 
 made it — has transferred it as a voluntary gift to them. Terrain 
 antcm dcdit filiis hoinimun. (The earth He hach given to the 
 children of men.) Now, as every individual, in every country, is 
 a creature and a child of God, and as all His creatures are equal 
 in His sight, any settlement of the land of this or any other coun- 
 try that would exclude the humblest man in this or that country 
 from his share of the common inheritance, would not only be an 
 injustice and a wrong to that man, but would, moreover, be an 
 impious resistance to the benevolent intentions of his Creator." 
 
 THE EVIDENCE OF LORD MACAULAY 
 
 as to the blighting effect of the teaching of the Church of Rome 
 is instructive. He writes : — " During the last three centuries to 
 stunt the growth of the human mind has been her chief object. 
 Throughout Christendom, whatever advance has been made in 
 knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and in the arts of life, has 
 been in inverse proportion to 'ler power. The loveliest and most 
 fertile provinces of Europe h. c, under her rule, been sunk in 
 
H 
 
 ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 .t 
 
 
 poverty, in political servitude, and in intellectual torpor, while 
 Protestant countries, once proverbial for sterility and barbar- 
 ism, have been turned by skill and industry into gardens, and 
 can boast of a long list of heroes and statesmen, philosophers 
 and poets. Whoever knowing what Italy and Scotland naturally 
 are, and what four hundred years ago they actually were, shall 
 now compare the country around Rome with the country around 
 Edinburgh, will be able to form some judgment as to the 
 leiulency of Papa! domination. The descent of Spain, once the 
 first among monarchies, to the lowest depths of degradation — 
 the elevation of Holland, in spite of m^any natural disadvantages, 
 to a position such as no Commonwealth so small has ever 
 reached — teach the same lesson. Whoever passes in Germany 
 from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant principality, in Switzer- 
 land from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant canton, finds that he 
 has passed from a lower to a higher grade of civilization. On 
 the other side of the Atlantic the same law prevails. The Pro- 
 testants of the United Slates have left far behind them the 
 Roman Catholics of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The Roman 
 Catholics oC Lower Canada remain inert, while the whole con- 
 tinent around them is in a ferment with Protestant activity and 
 enterprise." 
 
 For further confirmation of the degrading influence of Roman 
 Catholic teaching on intelligence and morality, we bespeak 
 your study of a work entitled, "Protestantism and Catholicism 
 in their bearing upon the ^.ibert)' and Prosperity of Nations, 
 by I'^.mile de Lavele\'e, with an introductory letter by the Right 
 Honorable W. E. Gladstone, M.P." "This work," as Mr. 
 Gladstone observes, " has initiated the discussion of a question 
 which heretofore can hardly be said to have been presC-ntcd 
 to the public mind, and which it seems high time to examine. 
 That question is, whether experience has now supplied data 
 sufficient for a trustworthy comparison of results, in the several 
 spheres of political liberty, social advancement, mental intelli- 
 gence, and general morality, between the Church of Rome, 
 on the one hand, and the religious communities cast off by or 
 separated from her on the other.' 
 
 ROME'S POWER OVER THE PRESS TN ENGLA^JD AND IN THE 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 The Romish journals also justly boast of the educational 
 influence they have obtained in the control of the public press. 
 The Weekly Register, London, 19th of June, 1869, stated : — 
 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING 
 
 IS 
 
 " There is not in London a single newspaper of which some of 
 the leading reporters, and one or more of the chief persons on its 
 staff are not (Roman) Catholics." The Catholic Times again, 
 May the 28th, 1880, stated: — "The number of Catholic press- 
 men in London is now very large — not that their mflucnce can 
 make itself pronouncedly felt under Protestant editorial super- 
 vision. Anti-Papal Punch has its F. C. Burnand, who was at 
 one time 'on the point of entering a religious community ; and 
 even the Standard, which was established with the special 
 intention of attacking the Catholic religion, includes Catholics on 
 its staff. On the Times, Morning Post, the Daily News, 
 and the Daily Chronicle, Catholic pens are at work ; also on 
 the Saturday Review, the Spectator, and lighter weeklies such 
 as the World. The monthly magazines have many con- 
 tributors of the same creed — in evidence of which we may 
 mention that a glance over the forthcoming June number ot 
 Tinsley shows us no fewer than four articles written by 
 Catholics. Of course these contributions arc for the most part 
 colorless in religion ; but in the very fact that they are neutral, 
 and not biased against Truth, there is much cause for congratu- 
 lation, especially when we remember the sort of writing that 
 passed muster thirty or forty years ago." 
 
 We can name instances in which this influence has been 
 ostensibly exercised to the prejudice of Protestantism, and we 
 advisedly ask : " Are these statements of the Roman Catholic 
 journals merely so many instances of ' exaggeration ' and samples 
 of the braggadocio to which the Times refers?" 
 
 No notice has been taken by the Times and the other journals 
 of the erection of an image of the Virgin and Child at the 
 northern entrance to Westminster Abbey. The restoration of 
 such rrtaterial objects of Romish worship is significant when 
 considered in connection with the pilgrimage made to the 
 shrine of the Confessor. Canon Duckworth writes to tlu^ Times, 
 October 23rd, that " the memorialists who made the protest 
 are wide indeed of the mark if they have persuaded themselves 
 that the Dean and Chapter of Westminster are aiding and 
 abetting a Romeward movement, and that the erection of a 
 statue of the Virgin and Child in the restored north porch is 
 an indication of such sympathy. One would think that the 
 image of the crowned infant, Christ, in the arms of the 
 uncrowned human mother ought to satisfy the most sensitive 
 Protestantism." 
 
 In the United States the majority of the secular papers of 
 extended circulation either have not, or will not discuss or give 
 
i6 
 
 ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 news concerning the agt^rcssions of Romanism upon our civil and 
 religious liberties, thus givuig strong color to the claim of Jesuit- 
 ism that it holds a free press in subjection. 
 
 SOME FACTS OF INTEREST FOR CANADIANS. 
 
 The " Monthly letter of the Protestant Alliance" fEngland^ 
 for October, 1888, contains the following matters of interest for 
 Canadians : — " \\\ the colonies we find that the Jesuits are con^ 
 tinuousiy gaining ground. In Canada, by the terms of the 
 capitulation at the conquest, the proj:)erty of the Jesuits v/as con- 
 fiscated, and the members of the order were excluded from al! 
 right to the possession of estates. Now, the Jesuits have not only 
 obtained a footing in Canada, but have so far regained their 
 influence in that country, that, by means of the Roman Catholic 
 vote, they have even procured the passing of legislation in their 
 favor. The Philadelphia Protistant Standard, July, 1888, 
 says : — " The pestiferous Jesuits h.ive succeeded at last in extort- 
 ing $400,000 from the Province of Quebec as compensation for 
 what they claim to have been ' confiscation ' of certain estates in 
 iSoo by the British crown. It is a dangerous precedent and a 
 very bad deal all around. The Jesuits ha^'e no legal or moral 
 light to that money. They were not legally in existence in 1800, 
 for Pope Clement XI V. had, in 1773, suppressed the infamous 
 order, and it was not till 1814 that another infallible {}) Pojx: 
 restored the Society to its former .state. In addition to the 
 $400,000 paid from the public chest, the Jesuits receive from 
 Mr. Mercicr, the Quebec premier, a transfer of the Laprairic 
 common which belonged to their order last century." 
 
 On this point the Huntingdon, P.Q., Gleaner of July 12th 
 says ; " The Jesuits Estates Bill has passed the Legislature, 
 and unless Sir John Macdonald can be induced to secure it being 
 vetoed it will become law. The real significance of the measure 
 does not seem to be recognized by the public. The worst aspect 
 of it is not the taking of public money for sectarian purposes, 
 and particularly to endow a seci'ct society so detested as the 
 Jesuits, but the setting at naught of British authority, by denying 
 the validity of the Queen's title to Canada, as derived from the 
 Conquest. To illustrate this, take the case of the restoration 
 of the particular estates that belonged to the. Jesuits. If there is 
 a part of the Province that was more peculiarly the British 
 Sovereign's than another it is that flat expanse at the foot of the 
 Lachine Rapids, where her troops lodged and paraded for scores 
 of years. Yet it is to this block of land, over which the veterans 
 
 >i 
 
REV. l^R. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 17 
 
 of the Peninsula and of Waterloo daily marched, over whicli the 
 vill of the Queen's commandant was absolute, and her standard 
 saluted the risinj^- and setting sun at bugle-call, that our Legis- 
 lature has decided the British Sovereign had no right, and 
 ordered to be rcstrjred to the Jesuits. The restoration of 
 Laprairie Common to the Jesuits is a declaration by the Oucbcc 
 Legislature that the ]3ritish occupation of Canada was a 
 usurpation, and that the Sovereign never had a true title to it. 
 
 " The Jesuit liiU is not only a misajiplication of public money, 
 a squandering of the resources of the I'rovince, an endowment of 
 a religious denomination at the expense of those who are not its 
 adherents ; it is a disloyal act, a treasonable defiance of the 
 rights and prerogatives of the British Crown. This Jesuit ]3ill 
 is an attack on the settlement effected by the Conquest, and 
 renders dubious every concession of real estate in Quebec under 
 the Royal manual, for it declares there is a title that prevails 
 above that of the Crown patent." 
 
 The intiuence of the Jesuits in Canada has extended even to 
 the Press. The Toronto Mail, July 23rd, 1888, writes: ''The 
 newspapers have been prohibited from dealing with the Jesuit 
 Endowment Bill. Since L Aurore wrote, directing attention to 
 the ecclesiastical discipline exercised over the Press, another 
 typical case in point is furnished by La Vcritt\ the well-known 
 Ultramontane journal, in its issue of the 2ist. La FtW// has 
 just entered upon the (,'ighth year of its publication, and the 
 Editor announces to his readers that ' we once more renew our 
 absolute adhesion to the teachings and directions of the Sovereign 
 I'onti ff, and reiterate the declaration we have so often made, 
 to wit, that we have always been, that we still are, and, God 
 helping us, that we always will be, ready to disavow and correct 
 the slightest error, the least deviation that competent authority 
 may point out to us in our writings' In plain English La 
 F/r/Vc'' unqualifiedly accepts the clerical censorship." 
 
 In their determination to obtain eventually the absolute control 
 of education the Jesuits in Canada have gained a further point 
 of vantage. 
 
 The Toronto Mail, July 30th, 1888, writes :—" The long 
 struggle in Quebec between the Jesuits and Laval University, 
 for the control of liigher education, is about to be decided in 
 favor of the Jesuits. The Superior of the Order has gone to 
 Rome to arrange for the establishment of a Jesuit University at 
 Montreal, in opposition to the succursale, or branch of Laval, 
 opened there in 1878. The Rector of Laval has gone to Rome, 
 and Mr. Mercier likewise intends to appear there, to be in at the 
 
i8 
 
 ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 ricath of the old Gallicati movement. The Jesuits maintain that 
 Laval is a Gallican inUitution, and that it has failed to meet the 
 demand for University traininjj. . , , La Minen>(>, in its 
 issue of the 27th inst., shows on behalf of Laval that Rome has 
 always opposed th'? formation of a Jesuit University, and implies 
 that it is therefore bound to continue its opposition. But the 
 Jesuits are now fully ecjuipped for the work they desired to 
 undertake, and the conditions having thus been changed, Rome 
 can safely aver that a new era has arisen. The decoration of Mr. 
 Mercier with the Grand Cross of St. Gregory is accepted by most 
 intelligent observers of the struggle as a broad hint that Pope 
 Leo intends to decide in favour of the Society," ..." The 
 transfer of higher education in Quebec from the ha:ids of Laval 
 to th'': hands of the Jesuits is a matter of no little importance to 
 us all, for it signifies that Ultramontanism, with the peculiar 
 doctrines included in it, has trampled over the more liberal form 
 of Roman Catholicism." ..." The Jesuit University is to 
 inculcate 'the well-understood principles of the Jesuit Society,' 
 and also ' to exert .1 beneficial influence on primary education,' 
 which means, we suppose, that the teaching in the public schools 
 of the Province is to be made, if possible, more obscurantist. 
 Further, the University is to 'cultivate and cheri.sh the national 
 spirit' of Lower Canada: that is to say. it intends to make 
 Lower Canada more French as well as more Papal." 
 
 The endowment of this society, with the circumstances 
 attending the process, brings out with painful clearness the fact, 
 apparent enough in other directions, that instead of coming 
 together the two races of which this country is composed are 
 rapidly drifting apart. ..." Every PVench Canadian con- 
 tends indeed that English Canadians have nothing whatever to 
 do with the matter — that we are a separate and distinct people who 
 have no right to meddlp in their affairs. And the two political 
 parties in the English Provinces tacitly admit this to be the case. 
 Both Sir John Macdonald and Sir Richard Cartwright must 
 at least suspect the Jesuit domination is a serious thing for 
 Quebec ; yet each resolutely shuts his eyes, as though the future 
 well-being of the I'Vench half of the population were something 
 that lay enti-'cly beyond his concern." The efforts of the Jesuits 
 in Canada appear to have a striking similarity to the action of 
 the Romish Church in Ireland, and it would appear that the 
 object sought by the Jesuits is to effect a dismemberment of the 
 Empire, in order to break up and destroy the power of Great 
 Britain as a Protestant State. 
 
 :. I r ■ I 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 19 
 
 VICTOR 11U(^0 AND GUIZOT. 
 
 Wc may W( 11 r'-pcat here the protest of Victor Hufjo : — A few 
 years ajj^o the Roman clergy determined to secure control of the 
 national schools, and called upon the French Assembly to pass an 
 act making them the only legitimate instructors of the young. 
 This atLotnpt to bring public instruction under the supervision of 
 Rome drew from Victor Hugo the following protest : " Ah ! wc 
 know ) ou ; we know the clerical party. It is an old party. 
 Every step which the intelligence of Europe has taken has been 
 in spite ol it. Its history is written in the history of human 
 progress ; but it is written on the back of the leaf. That it is 
 which persccut(.;d Harvey for having proved the circulation of the 
 blood. In tht; name of Jesus it shut up Galileo ; in the name of 
 St. Paul it impri.soned Christopher Columbu.s. To discover a law 
 of the heavens was impiety ; to find a world was heresy. This 
 it is which anathematized Pascal in the name of religion, and 
 Montaign<: in the name of morality. For a long time already 
 you have tried to put the gag upon the human intellect. You 
 wish to be the masters of education, and there is not a poet, 
 not an author, not a philosopher, not a thinker that you will 
 accept. All that has been written, found, dreamed, deduced, 
 inspired, invented by genius, the treasures of civilization, the 
 venerable inheritance of generations, the common patrimony of 
 humanity and of knowledge, you reject. There is a book which 
 is from one end to the other an emanation from above, a book 
 which is for ihe whole world, a book which contains all human 
 wisdom, illuminated by divine wisdom, a book vvhich the venera- 
 tion of the people calls the Bible. Well, your censure has 
 reached even that book. How astonishing to see the finger of 
 Rome placed upon the book of God ! And you claim the 
 liberty of teaching. .Stop ! Be sincere ! Let us understand. 
 The liberty you claim is the liberty of not teaching. You wish 
 us to give you the people to instruct. Very well. Let us see 
 your pupils. What have you done for Italy? What have you 
 done for Spain? What have you d(5ne for centuries? You 
 have kept your hands upon the schools of these two great nations, 
 illustrious among the illustrious. What have you done for them? 
 I am going to tell you. Italy is, of all the states of Europe, 
 that where the smallest number of natives know how to read. 
 Spain, magnificently endowed Spain, which received from the 
 Romans her first civilization, from the Arabs the second — what 
 have you done for Spain ? Taken everything from her and left 
 her the Inquisition. This is what you have done for these two 
 
20 
 
 ROMANISM IN RKLATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 great nations. And nov what do you vvisli to do for France ? 
 Stop! You have just come from Rome. I congratulate you. 
 You have had fine success there. You have come from gagging 
 the Roman people. Now you wish to gag the French people. 
 I understand you. The attempt is still more fine, but take care! 
 It is dangerous I France is a lien and is alive ! " 
 
 Guizot whites : — " As to the Jesuit system, it can r;ever har- 
 monize with any system ; while it, moreover, is antag.onislic to 
 all other ecclesiastical efforts at general education. The only 
 successful system that can be obtained is that of the United 
 States, where the G'hurch and State unite with and co-operate 
 in public and higher education, into which the Jesuit system 
 cannot enter as a part." 
 
 I 
 
 SPEAKING AS A CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 As a citizen of tht; United States you will permit me to speak 
 as follows, while I suspect you will find some of the facts 
 applicable to your Dominion. But, says the ignorant commen- 
 tator, or the cloistered scholar, or the compromi.-^ing citizen, you 
 arc an alarmist. Rome loses great numbers of adherents through 
 the power of our free scho(Us and free institutions, and by the 
 detaching power of our independent national .spirit. These 
 matters will adjust themselves. But the most of the detached 
 become dangerous citizens, because the rebound from intellectual 
 bondage carries them beyond rational liberty into license and 
 excess. The multiplication of subjects for Jesuitical domination 
 confronts us with a great peril. In 1806 the Roman Catholic 
 population was 100,000, in 1888 over 7,000,000. In 1800 there 
 was one Romanist to every 53 of the whole population ; in 1888 
 OHO to seven. It is the relative gains that are instructive. 
 During thirty years preceding 1880 the entire population 
 increased 1 16 per cent, the cjinmunicants of evangelical churches 
 185 per c'Mit., the Roman Catholic population 294 per cent. 
 James Parton estimates that in 1900 one-third of the entire 
 population will be Roman Cataolic. 
 
 VVith persistent and peculiar skill the Jesuits attempt to enli.st 
 American assistance in undermining the common school system, 
 as the most powerful bulwark of American institutions. And 
 this fact ought to command the gravest attention of our thoughtful 
 citizen.^, and mark it as a national question of vital importance, 
 that can no longer be ignored nor trifled with in our State or 
 National elections. Bills are repeatedly presented in our State 
 Legislatures to assist in subjecting children to Jesuit guardian- 
 
REV, DR. JAMES* M. KING. 
 
 21 
 
 .ship, and for appropriations to Jesuit protectories, where they are 
 trained not as American citizens, but as subjects of a foreign 
 potentate. Their last nefarious scheme is to smother the Blair 
 Education Bill in the National Piouse of Representatives, by 
 securing a dominating force of Romanists on the Committee to 
 which it is referred. 
 
 A^o danger to the coming citizenship and to the Republic under 
 such educational influences ! when loyalty to Republican institu- 
 tions is the only security for the perpetuation of liberty, and 
 when we arc boldly confronted by a power that has for centuries 
 I)roved to be a politico-ecclesiastical conspiracy against the 
 liberties of mankind ? 
 
 No daiigi'K to multitudes of American youth I when these 
 changeless Jesuits control the Pope, and teach that he is infallible, 
 and that he has the absolute right to demand the obedience of 
 all citizens and civil powers? 
 
 No danger I when the Archbishop of Toronto notifies Lord 
 Ratidolph Churchill that he and his bretliren hold the balance oj 
 poiver in Canada, and through it have controlled the elections 
 'lure, and asserts that by a similar use of the balance of power 
 Presidential elections will be decided in this Republic. 
 
 No danger ! when in national elections the States are so evenly 
 balanced that a command from the Roman Pope, or Roman 
 American Cardinal Prince, can order Roman legions, the subjects 
 of a foreign ruler, in sufficient numbers to march to the polls and 
 determine one way or the other the most momentous issue? 
 
 A'O danger ! when an honestly and truthfully spoken allitera- 
 tion, in which the word Romanism appears in its legitimate place 
 in a clerical Presbyterian sandwich, can determine who shall be 
 the President of the great Republic ? * 
 
 ;V(; danger I when in many (jf the States and Muiu"cipalities 
 this foreign political power has such domination, that for the 
 support of its schools and other institutions where youth are 
 trained, its sleepless and greedy managers thrust their arms elbow 
 deep into the pubh"c treasuries ? 
 
 No danger ! when" political damnation " is openly threatened 
 by this power against citizens who dare oppose its un-American 
 demands and aggressions ? 
 
 No danger ! when Je.suit teachers say "a slave state in the 
 church," in ears that arc not permitted to hear the American 
 doctrine of "a free church in a free state?" 
 
 • Kefeience to the famous Ruui, Romniii m and Rebellion alliteration, uttered 
 near the close of the Presidential contest of 1884. 
 
 ,:XJi^^f^AM 
 
 '3UUm 
 
22 
 
 ROMANISM IN RELATION TO EDUCATION. 
 
 J t 
 
 No danger ! when the secular press seems to be largely under 
 Jesuitical censorship, and is, because of political considerations, 
 afraid to warn the people of perils from a power that has enslaved 
 the intellect and conscience of man in every land ? 
 
 No danger ! when American citizens are summoned to Rome 
 to answer for the crime of loyalty to American institutions ? 
 
 A^o danger ! when far-reaching plans are being devised, and 
 large amounts of money raised, to people the Southern States by 
 importing ignorant and superstitious subjects of Rome and plac- 
 ing them under disloyal Jesuit instruction ; thus adding difficul- 
 ties to the solution of the problem as to how a liberated, and yet 
 only nominally enfranchised race can be made intelligent factors 
 in a republican form of government, and as to how a multitude 
 of white people, debauched by contact with human slavery, can be 
 converted into loyul -md self-respecting citizens? 
 
 No danger I when the T-' pal dictator of over 7,000,000 of our 
 population declares that "all Catholic teachers should do all in 
 their power to cause the constitutions of states and legislation to 
 be modelled on the principles of Romanism. And that all 
 Catholic writers and journalists should never for an instant lose 
 sight of this prescription ?" 
 
 No danger I when Salisbury helplessly makes overtures to Leo 
 XIII. for assistance to rule Ireland by foreign Roman dictation ? 
 
 No danger^ when the mighty Bismarck at one time banishes 
 the Jesuits from the territory and from the seats of learning of 
 the German Empire, and at another time humbly and penitently 
 goes to Canossa for help ? 
 
 No danger ! when petty Bismarcks by the thousand in this 
 republic are ready to barter away the fundamental principles of 
 republican liberties for any office from alderman to president ? 
 
 No danger! when already throughout the land millions of 
 dollars are annually paid from public funds for sectarian purposes 
 and sectarian teachings furnishing the beginnings of a courtship 
 designed to end in the marriage of the church and state, and the 
 church in question teaching disloyalty to the state it would wed ? 
 
 One of the best equipped statesmen in our modern national 
 history, the majestic Garfield, said in his letter of acceptance of 
 the presidential nomination : — " Next in importance to freedom 
 and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom 
 nor justice can be permanently maintained. It would be unjust 
 to our people, and dangerous to our institutions to apply any por- 
 tion of the revenue of the nation or of the states to the support 
 of sectarian schools. The separation of the church and the state 
 in everything relating to taxation should be absolute." 
 
REV. DR. JAMES M. KING. 
 
 23 
 
 In -view of the dangerous elements of Jesuit instruction in 
 national education are we not ready for the following platform 
 for this continent : — Christian morality in the instruction of the 
 youth, as a preparation fcr responsible and loyal citizenship, and 
 as the historic and '-fctnal basis of our national institutions ; no 
 sectarian perversion of the fund designed for the common educa- 
 tion of our citizenship ; no foreign dictation to the voters of the 
 nations ; no church and state in our legislation : but un-sectarian 
 schools for the future citizens, and an inquiry into the sort of 
 education given in all institutions having legal sanction or receiv- 
 ing public money, and the outlawing of all nurseries of intolerance 
 and disloyalty as measures of self-preservation of national life. 
 
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