G-EJSTEIRAT. FINANCIAL AND TRADE r M. REVIEW f1 ,,Nl>, cf* — OK THE- CITY OF T FOR 1880, S-2- THOMAS GA.LBRAITH, Jr., H » FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL EDITOR OF THE GLOBE. "Aljove all let the promoterH of new enterprises dtudy tKilitical economy, ,,and learn the meaning of the word savings ; tn*-y will then know that savings are the excess of goods made above goods consumed, and that It is this excess alon'^ which can, without impoveriHhment and consequent trouble to the money market, be applied to new undertakings. On the ^>erception of this law, and , .obedience to what it prescrilws, depends the prevention of mnics aftd ,, crises."- BoNAMT Prick. l^r^^^S^^ TOROHTO, 1881. & I ^, " ^IIX^ S* & mmmw^m^. OUR BHYEES HAVE RETURNED FROM THE MARKETS. OUR purchases are coming to hand daily, and shortly our Ware- house will be literally crowded with goods purchased at the Fountain-head of Supply. This Season we will offer one of the LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTED STOCKS of AMERICAN, GERMAN, FRENCH and ENGLISH PRODUCTS OB' GENERAL DRY GOODS :VER OFFERED IN CANADA. ie Spring business is fairly commenced, and already February, 1881, i)romises to greatly exceed in volume of sales that of February, 1880. Travellers' orders are coming in freely, and almost every English mail ta kes ho me repeat-orders, in addition to the use of the Cable. (l^KAKB TIIHN OVEH), OUR LEAF. • LIST OF DEPARTMENTS. STAPLES. Embracing Prints, Cottons, Denims, Ducks, Linens, Linings, Towels, &c. HOSIERY and GLOVES. One of our Largest Departments, and receives our unremit- ting attention. RIBBONS and LACES. Our Stock is replete and frksh. GENTS' FURNISHING. Includes Shirts, Ties, Collars, Cuffs, Braces, Scarfs, &c HABERDASHERY. This Department continues to expand, and each season adds the most recent novelties. STUFFS and FANCY DRESS GOODS. The Bradford market has been thoroughly gone through, and selections made from the stocks of leading nroHnrerQ MUSLIN DEPARTMENT. Embraces Quilts, Toilet Covers, all kinds of Muslins, Linen Handkerchiefs, Parasols, Umbrellas, &c, TWEED DEPARTMENT. Bu^rs visiting Toronto will do themselves great if^ustiea if thejf leme the City without seeing our Stock, GENERAL FINANCIAL AND TRADE REVIEAA/ OF THK \ ; City of Toronto FOR 1880. BY THOMAS GALBRAITH, Jr., Financial AND Commercial Editor OF The Globe. > TORONTO : CtjOBR PRINTING COMPANY, PRINTRR.H. 1881. PREFACE. We present to the public in this convenient shape a review of the several departments of trade carried on in this city during 1880. It is now some years since the last review was published, and as our commercial interests are growing rapidly, we think it necessary to keep pace with them. We have labored under a disadvantage in making comparisons with the past two or three years, in the absence of any accurate information regarding the trade of those years. In a work of this kind inaccuracies are apt to creep in ; but in arriving at the conclusions given it has been the earnest purpose of the pub- lisher to get as near to the truth as possible. To accomplish this we have visited the majority of houses engaged in each branch of trade, and taken special pains to have erroneous impressions rectified so as to make our work reliable. Our report embodies many details that were never attempted to be given before. We give in as concise a form as possible the pro- minent features in the year's business and the extent to which it has grown. There are some who consider retrospects of this kind of little value, but we are glad to find many who think the contrary. Every city of importance has its trade review, published in most instances by its Board of Trade, which shows at a glance the city's progress or retrogression. As with individuals, so with cities, a systematic review of past business must materiaUy aid in pointing out the channels into which future development may most profitably be directed. How we have succeeded in carrying out our intentions we must leave to the decision of an indulgent public. The aggregate Wholesale Trade of the City of Toronto during 1880 is estimated at $31,250,000 ; Produce, $28,604,000 ; Manufac- tures, $10,000,000. Total trade of city in first hands, $69,854,000. » i- li/ * >' .- "i ^ ■•■• t- ^ 1 * t *■, { '^' > .' !, --^ , i- ■ ) •fc-i"', r' f-i'f . .? U. , CONTENTS. Financial. ' page. Money Market 5 Stock Market 7 Loan Companies 8 Insurance Companies 8 Telegraph Companies 9 '» Christie, BroM-n A- Co 10-' Coffee & Co }>4 Cooper & Smith .... Inside back cover. Crane & Baird 94 Donogh, McCool & Oliver 101 Dun, Wiman & Co opp. 33 Elliot & Co 104 Gillespie, Mead & Co opp. \U Goodall, James 95 Gunn, D. &Co 98 Harte, J. & Co 100 Hope & Temple opp. IS James & Furness 100 Johnston, T. & Co 99 Lailey, T. & Co opp. 18 Livingston, Johnston & Co. . .opp 18 Lyman Bros & Co 103 PAGE, Matthews, W. D. & Co 93 McMaster, McClung & Co. In- side front cover. McCall, D. & Co opp. 25 Morison, John opp. 33 Nairn, A. & S 96 Park, James 100 Paterson Bros opp. 24 Robertson, James & Co 81 Rogers, Elias & Co 97 Rogera, Samuel & Co 96 Ryan, W 99 Samson, Kennedy & Gemmel ... 1 Samuel, Benjamin & Co opp. 33 Smith & Keighley Rack cover. Storey & Son 98 Thomson, William & Co opp. 32 Thome, C. E. & Co opp. 22 Toronto Oil Co 98 Virginia Tobacco Co 97 White & Company •>pp. 26 Wyld, Brock & Darling opp. 19 Yorke, J 98 FINANCIAL REVIEW. THE MONEY MARKET. Banks during the year were singularly free from the disasters that culminated in the closing of many doors in the preceding years. The severe lessons taught by injudicious discounting, loaning on insuffi- cient security, and sometimes on no security at all, have been re- membered, and a different course has been pursued. Business has been transacted on a sounder basis, many institutions preferring to keep their money locked up or employed at a low rate of interest on undeniable security rather than to incur risks. The year 1880 has been marked by numerous changes in the monetary world. The renewal of bank charters for ten years from July, 1881, has occupied the attention of bankers. This measure, which deprives banks of the right to issue any notes of a smaller denomination than $5, and makes all their issue a first charge upon the assets of the banks in case of insolvency, is on the whole satisfac- tory, although not meeting with general approval. The legislation authorizing an increase of Dominion notes from twelve to twenty millions on a slender coin basis is of considerable importance; and has caused much criticism. The revival of the lumber trade has been favorable to a number of our banks that became deeply interested through advances made during the depression. Realizations on this class of security were greater than even the most sanguine anticipated. The good harvest of 1879, coupled with the bountiful one of 1880, has produced beneficial results. Farmers have met their store-bills promptly, and the storekeeper in turn has been able to take up his note. Under these favorable circumstances renewals have been the exception rather than the rule. The business of the banks is steadily increasing, and their present condition is highly satisfactory to stockholders. The expansion of circulation during the year has been the largest ever known, and is now $27,328,358. The increase in discounts is indicative of more extensive commercial transactions. They, however, show a decrease as compared with 1878, owing probably to business being done on a closer cash basis. Deposits show a very large increase during the year, being $92,237,727 against $79,392,957 ; and this, too, when interest is lower. While this may be areepted as an improved con- dition of the people, it also shows a want of confidence. It is im- possible to find profitable employment for the large sums of capital § FINANCIAL RHVIEW. ouering for investment. If capitalists were assured of the continu- ance of low rates of interest, it would undoubtedly result in stimulat- ing new industries. A large amount of money has found its way to New York, where remunerative employment has been had. In Decem- ber bank returns the amount under the head of " Due from other banks in foreign countries" is placed at $27,041,608, against $19,313,000 in December, 1879, and $5,800,000 in December, 1878. The bill introduced into the Albany Legislature last April, taxing foreign bank capital, caused a temporary scare. The agents of the Bank of Montreal, Bank of British North America, Merchants Bank, and Canadian Bank of Commerce called in loans amounting to several millions of dollars. The Bill, however, having passed in a modified form, operations were soon in order again, and as a result $5,000,000 more have gone there since April. The last two months of 1880, money in New York was stiff, and as much as ^ to | of one per cent, per diem was paid in addition to the regular rate of 6 per cent. Canadian banks cannot, according to the State laws, accept more than the regular rate, but that was better than they could get at home. This, however, induced a safer business being done, and brought a desirable class of customers. The foUoA^-ing is a comparative statement of the position of Canadian banks for the past three years : — Capital authorized . . . Capital paid up Circulation Deposits Loans and Discounts Specie Dominion Notes Dec. 1880. $ 66,766,666 59,819,603 27,328,358 92,237,727 122,540,375 5,965,270 10,520,302 Dec 1879. $ 67,266,666 60,351,505 22,252,761 79,392,957 112,730,351 6,809,029 9,136,439 Dec. 1878. \ 72,766,666 64,257,010 21,455.641 72,019,817 134,297,485 5,623,005 8,098,205 RATE OF INTEREST. The chief feature of the year was the decline in the rate of interest on secured investments. The depression in business during previous years had been great, and the process of liquidation going on caused a large accumulation of money, which has been seeking investn.ent at unprecedentedly low rates. The current rate allowed on deposits by Itanks is now 3 per cent., subject to notice, while 5 per cent, used to be the common rate. Call loans, which liave largely superseded time loans, are now to be had at 4 to 4| per cent., and time loans at 4^ to 5 per cent. These are from 1 to 1^ per cent, lower than the general run of rates in previous years. Low rates have not been confined to Canada, but they appear to be general. United States bonds are selling higher than ever before, and at prices which yield the investor only 3^ per cent. English consols rose above par for the first time in thirty years. Inve.stors seem to have learned the lesson that high interest rat<^s mean bad security, and have determined to make none but the most reliable investments. FINAN^FAL REVIEW. ■^h THE 8TOCK MARKET. BANKS. The past year has been an eventful one as reflected by the course of stocks. The advance in prices has been attended with a corres- pondirg increase in transactions. The lowest sales of the year were, as a rule, made the first few months, and the highest prices were reached in November and December. Tho profits arising from the purchase of any stock on the list were large, and realizations of " bulls " have even exceeded expectations. The movement was great- est the latter part of the year, and the excitement in August and November was at times intense. During the first six months the market showed a slow but steady improvement, the only check being in April, caused by the introduction into the Albany Legislature of the Bill for the taxation of foreign bank capital. This measure afiected the larger banks that were doing business in New York, and holders offered their stock freely, the result being a sharp decline in values. Confidence was soon restored, however, and the advance continued. The abundance of money and low rates of interest are the chief reasons for the high prices ruling at the end of the year. The current rates of interest allowed by banks have a tendency to force in- vestors into securities yielding 5 to 6 per cent., and the securities offered on the Stock Exchange are considered the safest. Notwith- standing the great advance made in bank stocks, the closing prices of the year yielded from 5 to 5| per cent, in these securities, and as indications point to a continuance of an easy money market, it would not be surprising if higher prices should follow. As compared with the lowest prices of the year, tho highest piices show a gain of 38 pei- cent, for Bank of Montreal, 36| for Federal, 36 for Merchants, 33A for Ontario, 32 1 for Standard, 32 for Molsons, 31 for Commerce, 27 for Dominion, 26 for Imperial, and 23 1 for Toronto. The following table shows the market value of the stocks dealt in on the Toronto Stock Exchange at the openi'ig and close of the year: January. December. Montreal f 16,320,000 $20,160,000 Toronto 2,410,000 2,840,00« Ontario 2,100,000 3,000,000 Merchants 4,t).52,000 fi,«28,000 Commerce 6,870,000 8,8oO,000 Dominion 1,123.000 1,387,000 Hamilton 1,000,000 1,170,000 Staudanl 375,000 .WS.OOO Federal 1,100,000 1,370,000 Imperial 1W>0,000 1,200,000 Molaons 1,520,000 2,140,000 Tbtals 138,430,000 $49,380,000 S -^'Jl 'l^ ':/-■' :r/'::^ FINANCIAL REVIEW. January. December. Canada Permanent % 3,540,000 $ 4,000,000 Freehold 1,530,000 1,950,000 Western Canada.. 1,530,000 1,675,000 Union 640,000 710,000 Canada Landed 1,950,000 2,115,000 BuUding an I Loan 600,000 712,000 Imperial Savinf?8 640,000 714,000 Farmers' Loan 1,150,000 1,270,000 London and Canadian 5,240,000 6.000,000 Dominion Sayings 968,000 992,000 Ontario Savings 1,280,000 1,330,000 Hamilton Provident 1,120,000 I,2o0.o00 British America 585,000 785,000 Western Assurance 1,224,000 1,800,000 Dominion Telegraph 630,000 920,000 Montreal Telegraph 1,800,000 2,740,000 Totals $24,427,000 $28,963,000^ Totals, banks 38,430,000 49.380.000 162,857,000 $78,343,000 Increase in value during year $15,486,000 LOAN COMPANIES, Loan companies have been at a disadvantage on account of the ease in the money market during the year. A larger amount of for- eign capital than usual has been brought into the country by mort- gage companies. With an increased accumulation of capital offering for investment from all quarters, rates could not be maintained, and the farmer came in for his share of benetit. The majority of the companies, however, by observing a cautious policy, have come out unscathed, and show good statements. The stocks of the different companies have risen in the general advance. With the exception of Building and Loan, prices were at their lowest at the beginning of the year, and at their highest in December. The stock mentioned has been remarkably firm the past four months, and touched 99^, the highest figure, in November. Canada Permanent advanced 23 per cent, during the year ; Freehold, 10| ; Western Canada, 14 ; Union, 14| ; Canada Landed Credit Co., 11| ; Imperial Savings, 14| ; Farmers' Loan, 14| ; London and Canadian, 22| ; Dominion Savings and Ontario Savings, 5 ; Hamilton Provident, 12| ; National Investment, 3, and People's, 8. People's was added to the list in September, and Manitoba and North-West Investment Co. in December. INSURANCE COMPANIES. The companies doing business here all report an increased business. Of fire and marine risks the greatest profit has been on the former. The disasters at sea have been unusually large, and income from that source is small. The British America is the oldest company, it being incorporated in 1833 ; and ever since the new management in 1873, there has been a steady increase in the net surplus. This company FINANCIAL REVIEW. 9 pays a semi-annual dividend of 5 per cent., and has a capital of $500,000, which is all paid up. The stock of this company has steadily advanced since January, when it was at 116|, until the end of the year, when it sold at 157;J, a gain of 40| per cent. The Western Assurance, with a capital of $800,000, pays a semi-annual dividend of 7| per cent. It was established in 1851, and transacted a large business during the year. The advance in the stock has been extraordinary, and shows the greatest gain of any stock on the list. It opened at 153 in January, and sold up to 228 in November, an increase of 75 per cent. The closing price of the year was a little off, at 210 ex-dividend. Confederation Life still retains its pojiU- larity, and after selling at 142 in March, changed hands at 200 in December. Canada Life continues to experience an increased pros- p(;rity, having transacted a larger business last year than in any former year. It opened at 208 bid on January 5th, 1 880, and closed at 316 bid on December 31st, 1880, with no sales reported. TELEGRAPH COMPANIES. There is probably nothing that is a better index to the state of trade than the telegraph. When business is good the wire is used freely, commercial men considering the extra expense trifling as compared to despatch and convenience. The past year has been a '.aost favorable one for both companies. The Montreal Company, the oldest and best patronized, has been taxed to its utmost, and in fact has suflered some for want of facilities. The company is engaged in making extensions and increasing their facilities to comply with in- creased requirement. They have now a total of 1,619 offices in the Dominion, 855 of which are in Ontario. The business during Novem- ber was the largest ever done at the Toronto branch. The total number of messages sent by this line during 1880 was 2,122,101, against 1,724,030 in 1879, an increase of 398,071. Their last divi- dend was at the rate of 8 per cent, per annum. The stock of this company has rapidly risen during the year, it being quoted in January at 87|, and in December at 139, an advance of 51| per cent. Dur- ing the last two weeks of the year, however, it declined several points, and closed the year at 133. The Dominion Telegraph Company has also benefited by the improved state of trade. Their business is in a highly satisfactory condition, and the management are extending to meet the wants of growing trade. The line is leased to the American Union Telegraph Company, who are about laying two transatlantic cables. The Dominion has 500 offices, a paid up capital of $1,000,- 000, and a guaranteed dividend of 5 per cent, annually. There were few sales of the stock the first part of the year, but ' in November it was active, and advanced 19 per cent. The lowest price was in March, when it sold at 62 ; and the highest in November, 95 — a gain of 33. consumers' «as. In a financial point of view, with which we have only to deal, the above-named company has V)een successful the past year. The num- 10 FINANCIAL REVIEW. ber of consumers on their books is 4,100, an increase of 400 since the beginning of the year. The company light some 2,144 street lamps, including those of Yorkville. As all citizens should know by this time, they use a large quantity of petroleum... This they get from Petrolia, Ont., the annual cost of which is $30,000. In addition to - this they use 4,000 tons of hard coal, 1,000 tons of steam, Pxid 1,000 tons of bituminous. Formerly their consumption of coal was 16,000 tons. Considering the present high price of coal, there is a great sav- ing by the use of petroleum. By its use, also, a large amount of capital is spent in Ontario instead of going to the States in payment for coal. The capital of the company is $800,000, and they pay a limited dividend of 10 per cent, in quarterly instalments. At the be- ginning of the year the stock was much depressed on account of the electric light scare, and it sold doAvn to 1 28 in April. Since then there was a gradual advance up till November, when 155^^ was reached. During December there was a reaction, and the stock closed at 145. DEBENTURES. The better condition of trade, and the restoration of confidence, has . also bad a marked effect on debentures. There were a few sales at the Board in the beginning of the year, but none for some months. City 6's sold at 103 and 104| in January, and 103| in February ; and Dominion 5's at 101 in February. The demand was steady, but few sellers appeared. The following are the bids at the opening of the years 1880 and 1881 : -i r- rr,4^^ ^ Jan. 1880. Jan. 1881. Dominion, 5 per cent lOOA 104 County Ontario, 6 per cent . 1 102 108 Township Ontario, 6 per cent 99 106 City of Toronto, 6 per cent 103 110 ' "';•".' :( !. \f:- .,>.,.f*. ^sj-'vf,';; '." ^s '»~?'.-i..fTMt'. ■;- ■• i',1.^ ■ ■; ; " ^.3'--- -yir *::.-^ .:•■-? ;*;■■* .ii' ";'■'. r- ■■ ^- ■ I '--".XA-*' ■;'•»>■ -'.iy.L'X^.: - _■ ^■ . '- ■ " 'i'- i <;"-+-<,j . •;??■ ;^:'/'.^, ?^.-* ';-.J • .--■..•. ' ■< ' • t: FINANCIAL REVIEW. 11 W ■ C5 33 -w -+* -*« . 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I lit I M O OJ CO ■<*' lO (M oi o eo c^ (?< c^ eo eo 00 : ^ is =* « • 43 a: I-i t-i "^ ■< Qo o (z; o W I— I — o 00 00 h « ^ C-^ 3 S 3 S-o O 0) s s c * *^ _M 5 S .-o _ 5-1 S d 5 - a. « aS .« o. -«.o ^ c ^-' t«o »*~ OS • ^ *; O o3 "J • - 5 3^ 2.2: •a ■ 5l " £ Is > a 9S S S = d « «j ^•13 — ill £ > ® Mm oa 14 FINANCIAL REVIEW i B ^A P4 IS ■^ xa •3 Q "N f»^ CO g M !« o 't^ o ii! EH OQ i^ M S P- •«» < « P5 '■« ci> j;^ p:) ^ iJ fyt H ►^^ EH ^ ^r^ P 5 1^ M ^ b' fQ ^^^ <1 pq <; 1^ v^ o s o ^^ r^~iPt -« o*r-* ^ *; oj r^ia ■t rH -H A ■* • sc 0» »— — O 00 1-1 O • (M • r-. 00 (M C 05 ec -^ oi o C ; o 00 « ." "■ii"— i~-»oo5i— i»-ios -oi ooiscc; "■» 1— 1 ri -^ I— 1 rH r-l lO (— 1 ^ r-< — i-l — < -H r- 1 «■ HH S5 *■ 1-1 jj _4n-«i-W-w-+t •«c ■ kA •i>.oo'»*-"■-leo<^^al -o- . ^ O o; o - •0^» •>— : .-1 ec Ci 00 00 I-I GO OS O C^ . O G^ O r,CsoOc: (MCC05 :o • <— O l»05 " eo »0 c (M (M • -H 05 hH r-l rH »— 1 33 'N 1— 1 rH ri 1— 1 rH (N ^J -^w CCH* +;; (M «c 00 i;c t— (M . 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I ■ ■*l-l«©t^^M04©S0 ■iiCiO->»iOIO©i«J^»)n*r-i (jfoO* ■>*got^©coo©-w©-'»»>o4->*'*ia CO ©_lO_t- •* CO CD CO_^© ■»»' — _54 ■^^^X © CO^^CO 04 rH_ 00 © l>r'*"rH*a0*t^t~ H)r.^"rH C0"cCX ■Olft op oTlC* t^-**!-^ rHCMOJ.^ rHrH(^ f^J rHrH«^ fM 04 Ht< t^ © •41 © H«o 04C'1CCU5CO — OOC«r5'-OOJ©(N040Tri^COf— 04 OrH©-H00rH©-*C004rHl--C0ir5©CC©C0iAC0e4 e4©00t— QO>'5'^04t--©©04COOOaOrHi— 04rH© 00 CO 00_ift CO_'>J<^'*_^t- la © rH__©_a rH"co «a* ia*«* cc'ofoo aTt^co ©*t-r 04 oJ't-T r^ C4(M r-l ^-4 f^ CO 1-4 i-* Vi i^ r^»no4©^coiacoco;o©t^cco'*'a©coo>'>ao4 •^00iaC0rHH(lrHrHe0iar-ie0t~>a'^rH^04t^t~CO e4cot~i^Hcco©-*t>.-*oooot--Ht-coeoeooococo rHOCOCCCCiaHj<«r-©004©'*rHrHOCOl-QOeO ©©_^-^ce_ 04^04 x)<©coo>acooooeou3iaict-r-i~- CO*®*©*rH*©*©"©'rHI>rrH 04' 00 C*04*CO© rH © Ol © CO ao©cooa©ia'*cooiacoco>noo-<«>oo>a'-«ooooc £.2 * HI a •3 s - Hi V . o :5 • B • o ••a : a c 00 ■<«> ( r> CO c_- p . s: S ■»■ Hi 00 •— i 1) " 00 *» ■■U ■ V :S :S . o . o ■a s. u s ^ »< S S $ oi u ^ S -a t; 3 g- » J= jc e s — ■ " .s J " £ •= •5^«o^J«>Sc«S.cSJc6t8S"^« = Stts h-PmOh cL<^s: rH A rH ■«^ «> ^ .S a ■§ n ri k ^ 3S "3 S o el a> t~ u r- © 2 3 S m 01 V 2 a ^1, « .ji a m 00 « > O h C3 CQ . •OS s >< OH •a >» a? o £ 00 u o §2,000,0001 900,000 68,24' 3,088,403 1,080,3.'}4 53,2C0 2,268,460 174,330 81,000,000 390,000 17,809 1,467,746 983,035 3,581,406 6,669,809 5,909,930 3.780,126 6,345,590 759,443 45,946 1,790,364 3,248,110 2,786,115 1,906,306 2,930,655 Loans Propert}' owned — Real estate . . . do —Cash in Banks Property Ow^xed. Total Assets— 1879. MISCELLANEOUS. Date of Company's or Society's establishment Amount of stock subscribed do paid in upon such stock do borrowed for the purpi)se of investment do invested and secured hj- mortgage deeds. .. Dividends declared during the year— per cent do do do — amount Amount loaned during the year Amount received from borrowers during the year. .. do do depositors do do repaid to do do Average rate of interest al- (Debentures— per cent, lowed for monej' borrowed "( Deposits — per cent Mortgages upon which payment is being (No enforced. "i Amount Amount of mortgages payable by instalments .... do do do at one stated |>eriod Present cash value of mortgages and other securities Rate per cent, at which the future repayments are discounted to ascertain such present cash value. 59,883! 17,940 6,405,473 -2,948,596 99,878: 163,875 i 10,509 212,499 «i690,0 234,024 11,209' 968,869 590,321^ 411,233: 19,958 l,021,6ia 1,990,363 1,596,95* 1,236,986- 1,894,887 9,158 158 264,330: 299,514 6,669,809: 3,248,110 March, 1S55 2,000,000 2,000,000 3,402,015 6,345,590 12 per cent. 240,000 1,332,520 1,708,89 492,226 511,528 5*20 per cent 6 85 per cent 266 270,000 5,801,727 603.746 6,405,473 Same rate as loan is made at. March, 1863 1,000,000 1.000,000 1,742,478 2,930,655 10 per cent. 99,76? 489,943 706,809 426,751 410^644 5-66 p. cent. 5J per cent. 65 131,662 2,596.975 333,679 3,035.436 Same rate as loan is made to pay. 1,904,204 11,797 46,776. 86,179 1,990,38 Mav, 185^- 1,050,400 690,080 1,001,555- 1,894,887 10 per cent.^ 63,356 553,912 480,308 300,909 281,251 5 to 6 p.cent 5 to 6 p.i,ent 43 115,878 534,266 1,360,621 1,990,383 Same rate as they bear. FINANCIAL BEVIEW, J^ Ontario, condensed from statements made to the Prov. Treasurer. Union Loan and Savings Company, Toronto. 20th February, 1880. Building and Loan Asso- ciation, Toronto. 31st December, 1879. Fanners* Loain and Savings Company, Toronto. 3l8t October, 1879. The People's Loan and De- jwsit Comimny , Toronto. 3l8t December, 1879. The Ontario Loan and De- benture Co., London. 3l8t December, 1879. Huron and Erie Loan and Savings Co , London. 3l8t December, 1879. Dominion Savings and In- vestment Soc, London. 3l8t December, 1879. 1 ? $485,312 105,000 1,600 673,779 ^11,350 46,599 8,828 402,090 19,000 2,121 8981,500 16S.0O0 7,409 «O92.860 260,000 3.106 «650,633 86,000 5,081 «t 4 5 6 615,103 388,353 698,938 272,060 26,200 182,060 686,860 266,748 431,800 108,257 1,206,523 305,537 12,000 1,132,716 16,387 1,305,333 980,839 781,800 548,497 7 69,106 43,135 108,283 10,211 8 5,345 9 10 11 12 13 U 457,459 1,072,563 765,499 564,767 874,933 467,054 1,165.993 1,164,927 864,436 924,095 10,425 716 9,768 262,094 848,955 628,659 473,660 801,646 108,257 540,058 365,96(5 92,341 509,007 1,466,642 2.673,165 1,893,595 1,104,752 2,460,769 1,023,974 2,329,308 2,109,473 1,315,211 2,147,327 666,992 1,448,792 1.098.061 693,605 1,369,202 15 10,648 16 37,836 17,977 1,118 1,050 17 13,247 18 19 912,769 53,630 103,577 945,006 183,934 27,495 819,623 522,254 9.400 7,468 2,471,41? 41,446 159,583 2,148,445 46,354 131,201 1,370,252 1,813 20 27,744 76,726 21 159,794 220,986 29,331 17,804 201,747 180,862 78,540 22 23 24 25 1,072,563 March, 1865 500,000 1,165,993 March, 1870 750,000 733.214 460,320 1,028,845 7i per cent. 54,665 98,696 204.904 526.031 577,693 5| per cent. 5} per cent. 51 . 88,293 943,785 85,060 1,936,149 Same rate as they yield. 848,955 Oct., 1871 656,750 511,350 540,058 March, 1875 500,000 402.090 108,257 509,007 7 per cent. 26,713 135,345 112,198 197,914 176,186 6 per cent. 12 23,192 372,321 136,685 540,058 8 to 10 p. ct 2,673,155 Oct., 1870 1,000,000 981, .500 1,438,2.54 2,460,769 10 per cent. 98,021 543,519 794.753 477,168 598.313 5 to 6 p.cent 5 & 6 p. cent 142 333 711 2,099,247 3.58,526 2,471,417 2,329,308 1864 1,000.000 992,860 1,023,974 2,174,681 10 percent. 98,141 530,709 684,822 942,112 960,889' b\ per cent, j 5| per cent. 75 181,127 900,235 1.248,200 2,176,799 1.448,792 April, 1872 800.000 659,035 26 457,459 874,933 •45,972 212,684 255,168 417,071 352,966 5^ pc cent. 5i per cent. 12 i0,000 60i),0O0 27&.000 1,360 000 Same rate as they bear. 656,780 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 8 pfcr cent. 40,082 140,495 140.530 336,643 259,337 £i per cent. 10 9,160 713,465 88,181 819.623 Same rate as they bear. 1,371,015 10 per cent. 65,160 206,063 297,308 892.801 881.694 6 to 6 p.cent. 6 per cent, 94 204,078 1,060,933 311,136 1,372,068 41 8 to 10 p c. 8 to 10 p. c. Same rate as loan is made at. 18 FINANCIAL REVIEW. TORONTO STOCK EXCHANGE. 1881/ Henry Pellatt, President. William Hope, Secretary. Committee : H. R. Forbes, W. J. Baines, C. S. Gzowski, Jr. William Alexander, Robert Beaty, James Browne, Philip Browne, Ewing Buchan, W. J. Baines, Members : W. G. Cassels, W. Gibson Cassels, Robert Cochran, H. R. Forbes, C. S. Gzowski, Jr., H. L. Hime, William Hope, W. Kersteman, Jr., Herbert Mortimer, Edmund B. Osier, Henry Pellatt, R. H. Temple. RAILWAY EARNINGS. The following represents the gross earnings of a number of Cana- dian railway companies during the calendar years 1880 and 1879, and the increase of traffic : — 1880 1879. Increase. Grand Trunk l|10, 462,187 $8,772,214 $1,689,978 Great Western 5,204,288 4,510,867 693,421 Canada Southern 3,750,000 3,010,000 740,000 Northern and North-Western 1,220,837 1,021,327 199,610 Toronto, Grey and Bruce 312,220 302,218 10,002 Toronto and Nipisaing 199,898 181,668 18,230 •Credit Valley 134,910 Midland Railway 336,164 268,399 77,763 Whitby, Port Perry and Lindsay 90,298 72,398 17,900 * In operation part of the year only. HOPE & TEMPLE, MEMBERS OF STOCK EXCHANGE, STOCK BROKERS, 18 KING ST. EAST, TORONTO. HOPE. H. TEMPLE. Stocks Bongtit and Sold for Casb, or on Margil. 44 BAY STREET, TORONTO, CARRY A COMPLETE STOCK OF And solicit a visit from buyers visiting this market, or letter orders, which will always receive prompt attention. WYLD. BROCK & DARLING. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN * Foreign and Domestic DRY GOODS. ^;C ., ALL THE LEADING COTTON AND WOOLLEN IkHLLS OF THE DOMINION ARE REPRESENTED IN OUR STOCK. * A SPECIALTY. a,v*;>..-.i,..V*<-«'Sv-'.-. .•'it%^^bF'^) -i^^ii tw wm ^ iit^aismy REPRESENTATIVES : Quebec and Lower Provinces, JAMES McGlLLIVRAT. Office, 236 St. James St., Montreal Great Western Railivay, . A. R. AULD. J^iagara District and Lake Shore, S. M. STERLIJ^G. Grand Trunk Railway JVest and J^forthem Counties. , * • ■ R. IV. FEJS'-TECOST. Grand Trunk East, J. E. SXIBER. Jforthern Railivay, GEORGE McLEAJf. INYlMJij BROCK A DARLiIHGy a?oii03sra?o. TE(^A&fLAILEY & Co., ' - U JO wholesale ^l0thing ^tattitfladnrer^* AND BBST QUALITY ^0. i^ FROJ^T ST. WEST, Opposite Ci^i Hotige. TORONTO. DRY Goods. Intending purchasers would do well to Examine our Stock before placing^ thtir orders. SEE OUR ADVERTISEMENT ON INSIDE ^imifAfT OF FRONT COVER. IE. MEAD k CO. MANHFACTDBERS OF Hats, Cap M M, El oTes, Btfalo and Fancy Boks, Straf Ggoil!!, k. f d£ m. TOBONTO. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. The year just closed shows a marked improvement in the commerce of Toronto. In all branches of business there has been a steady growth, and our citizens have before them what would seem a pros- perous career. The trade of the latter part of the year especially has. been wonderfully free from speculation booms, and the condition of trade is apparently healthier than for a number of years past. The large number of business houses that were forced to the wall by their creditors, and those who took advantage of the bankruptcy law before its repeal in April, left the field comparatively clear of weak houses. We are pleased to note the attempts made by our manufacturers and wholesale merchants in shortening credits. Although they have but partly succeeded, this step in the right direction will eventually have its beneficial effect. The "cash" system, or thirty days, wherever adopted, has proved the most satisfactory, and we look forward to the time when it will be generally enforced by our merchants. Competition has been very keen in many of the leading depart- ments of trade, and profits have, in consequence, suffered. During previous years a strong rivalry existed in certain lines between the merchants of Montreal and those of the " Queen City ;" but it is apparent to all that we have held our own and added somewhat to our trade. In dry goods especially during 1880, Montrealers confined their efforts to their own and the Lower Provinces ; and where three or four of their travellers used to be seen in Ontario, there is but one now. Our numerous dry goods, millinery, hardware, groceiy, crock- ery and drug houses, are sufficient evidences of our increasing pros- perity. The erection of new warehouses, and improvements and additions to old or :^s, within the past year, have been many ; and our leading retail thoroughfare, King Street, will vie with any other in a city of the same size. The natural advantages of Toronto should not be overlooked — for it is to these that her citizens are greatly indebted. She is situated in the midst of the most fertile and wealthy Province of the Dominion, and accessible by seven railway lines. These roads, running to the north, east and west, give country mer- chants doing business within a radius of one to two hundred miles, an opportunity of visiting our wholesale houses and returning home within twenty-four hours. The more general spreading of small orders over a longer period, without being confined to certain seasons, and their increased number, are partly due to rail facilities. 20 COMMERCIAL REVIEW, The progress of the city during the past year is gratifying. The assessment of real and personal property and income for 1881 and 1880, was as follows : 1881. 1880. Real $44,648,150 $42,300,933 Income 3,329,725 2.020,199 Personal 6,207,500 6,212,138 Increase. $2,347,217 1,309,526 * 4,638 Total $54,185,375 $50,533,270 $3,652,105 The growth of population is a surer test of the city's progress, and the following figures show what this has been during the past twelve years: 1869 50,506 1870 54,736 1871 57,020 1872 62,647 1873 67,995 1874 68,678 1875 71,693 1876 67,386 1877 70,867 1878 73,813 1879 75,110 1880 76,934 In those twelve years the population of the city has increased 26,428, or 52 per cent. During the same period suburban villages have sprung up in every direction, largely peopled by business men and laboring men of the city, whose total population is, at a moder- ate estimate, 10,000 more. Such "progress during a period of adverse circumstances is an evidence of healthy and favoring conditions, which are a good omen of future greatness and prosperity. • Decrease. FAILURES IN THE CITY DURING 1880. The following is a detailed statement of the number of failures that occurred in this city during the year, with liabilities and assets : FIRST QUARTER. Liabilities. Assets. 1 Auctioneer $18,750 $ 1,270 4 Builders 173,889 100,370 4 Dry Goods dealers 81,379 27,277 1 Furniture dealer 1,237 113 5 Grocers 13,342 7,672 1 Hardware dealer 4,347 2,000 2 Hat dealers 6,408 2,2.)6 4 Hotels and Liquor dealers 37,244 10,750 1 Lumber dealer 7,000 700 1 Photographer 9,500 9.300 1 Printer and Publisher 15,000 7,500 2Shoedealers 5,038 3,635 3 Miscellaneous 21,133 7,300 aO $394,267 $180,143 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. SECOND QUARTER. 12 Bakers $ 5,144 ^,613 1 Dry Goods dealer 10,720 3,200 1 Grocer 2,500 650 1 Hat dealer 1,500 500 1 Hardware dealer 12,000 8,000 2Shoedealers 4,500 1,500 1 Tobacco dealer 6,000 9 RECAPITULATION. 2 Auctioneers 2 Bakers 7 Builders 1 Confectioner 1 Crockery dealer 9 Dry Goods dealers 1 Furniture dealer 9 Grocers 2 Hardware dealers 4 Hat dealers 5 Hotels and Liquor dealers. 1 Lumber dealer 1 Photographer... 1 Printer and Publisher 6 Shoe dealers 1 Tailor 2 Tobacco dealers 1 Undertaker , 4 Miscellaneous 9 $42,364 $16,463 THIRD QUARTER. 1 Auctioneer $ 500 f 1 Builder 2,900 3,500 1 Cigar and Tobacco dealer 1,500 420 1 Confectioner 350 100 1 Crockery dealer 1,500 500 1 Grocer 3,200 1,200 1 Hat dealer 1,120 400 2Shoedealers 1,270 400 1 Tailor 100 60 1 Tavern 3,150 1 Undertaker 1,000 250 12 $16,590 $6,820 FOURTH QUARTER. 2 Builders $33,000 $43,000 4 Dry Goods dealers 54,000 31,200 2 Grocers 21,500 18,500 1 Miscellaneous 8,000 4,000 $116,500 $96,700 $ 19,250 $ 1,270 5,144 2,613 209,789 146,870 350 100 1,500 500 146.099 61,677 1,237 113 40,542 28,022 16,347 10,000 9,028 3,156 40,394 10,750 7,000 700 9,500 9,300 15,000 7,500 10,808 5,535 100 50 7,500 420 1,000 250 29,133 11,300 60 Total $669,721 $300,126 Total Failures in city— 1880 60 1879 ...... 131 1878 no o 22 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. The total number and amount of failures among Canadian traders in recent years are as follows : Year. Number. Amount. 1880 907 $7,947,063 1879 1902 29,347,937 1878 1615 23,152,262 1877 1890 25,510,157 1876 1728 25,517,991 1875 1968 28,843,967 1874 966 7,696,765 1873 994 12,334,191 DRY GOODS. This branch of trade continues to grow steadily, and was fairly pro- fitable to dealers during the year. Prices did not fluctuate so lapidly as in the previous year, and cotton goods were well sustained through- out. Towards the end of the season there was a slight reduction in some lines, which was caused by readjusting lists, and the production of a lighter article. The quantity of Canadian goods manufactured was much greater than during former years, and sales also increased in like proportion. These goods are sold at an average credit of three months from dating, and foreign goods will average four months. The year has been characterized by an unusually small number of bad debts, and the profitable business is mainly attributed to this fact. On account of considerable competition and shorter credits, profits have been small. The field in Ontario is chiefly operated by Toronto houses. A few years ago Montreal travellers were very numerous, but in many sections they are now seldom seen. The growth of the staple dry goods business of this city has been steady, and the turn- over is now large. Some twelve years ago the business was of small proportions, but to-day there are no less than 25 regular wholesale dealers, of which 18 deal in staple goods. The amount of sales during the past year aggregated some $9,000,000, being an increase of about fifteen per cent, on the previous year. Notes have been met more promptly than for a number of years, and prospects are considered very encouraging. There were only nine failures in the retail trade during the year, with liabilities at $146,099, and assets at $61,677. The largest was of an old established house, with $50,000 liabilities and $30,000 assets. The movement of goods was fair at the commencement of the season, the advancing prices of both cotton and woollen goods tend- ing to produce this result. Manufacturers, who had been in receipt of large orders, became more independent than in previous years, and adopted measures for a strict adherence to prices. Stocks, as a rule, were comparatively small to begin with, and for a time manufacturers were unable to supply the demand. Up till about the 1st of March business had been somewhat slow, on account of the mild whither and bad condition of roads. During this month, however, there was considerable activity, and a large number of country merchants COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 23 arrived to give their personal attention to orders. On account of strikes in Great Britain, dealers experienced some difficulty in getting their supplies. The prints from there were of beautiful patterns, and much superior to those from the United States. The chief trade with the latter country was in sheetings, ducks, and denims, which goods bxe apparently better adapted to the wants of the Canadian trade. The demand in May was not as active as was expected, which may be attributed to the small movement of goods in the country, the open weather and high prices being the chief drawbacks. Strenuous efforts were made by American manufacturers to rid themselves of their large stocks of prints, which had a depressing effect on this market for a few weeks. However, it was of short duration, and prices became firmer. The decline in the price of wool during the summer caused some uneasiness among the trade, and a number of houses began to cut prices to rid themselves of stocks of tweeds bought at the highest figures. The decline in woollens was about fifteen per cent, during the fall, but prices continued steady there- after. Prices would probably have declined more had not some of the large manufacturers come to the aid of the weaker firms and taken their stocks. The movement of tweeds was inactive during the early part of the season, buyers no doubt holding back in anticipa- tion of a decline as the result of lower prices for the raw material. Towards the close of the season manufacturers disposed of surplus stocks at a reduction. Trade assumed a much more active appearance in the fall, based more or less on the good condition of the crops. The demand for all descriptions of staple goods tended to run up sales to a large amount. Factories were unable to supply the demand for flannels, and mer- chants much preferred to sell small quantities than large ones to their customers. In many instances they were oversold. The demand for Ulster cloakings and velveteens was also very great during the fall, and prices were unusually firm. At the close of the year the stocks of Canadian goods remaining on hand were small, especially such lines as shirts, drawers, 5,549 42,848 1,046 4,77! 26,.'">97 4,780 30,886 31,562 11.277 In Bond Dec. 31, 1880. $ 807 437 3a 62 isi 22,324 23,327 "a 398 2,02a 124 1,718 392 5,623 19,200 l,i73 62^919 108,289 2,204 20 (i4« 3,46!> 2,375. 37,917 2».63f let 30 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. HARDWARE. I The wholesale hardware trade of Toronto has grown considerably of late years. Its houses have a high standing in the commercial community, and are well known throughout the Dominion. Our merchants have displayed a more than usual amount of enterprise ■during the past year, and notwithstanding the decline in many lines of merchandise, they have succeeded in securing fair profits. A great deal of keen competition has existed the whole year, and had our dealers not been alive to the necessities of the trade and to their own interests, they would undoubtedly have fared badly. This city, from the central position it occupies in the most populous and wealthy section of the Dominion, ofiers greater advantages as a distributing point than elsewhere. It is perhaps to this one thing that the gradual development of this trade is mostly due. Our railways branching out in seven different directions, cannot but attract business. Travellers can come and go frequently, and the interchange of ideas with mer- chants as regards the requirements of trade is beneficial. The dealer is made aware of many details which would not otherwise come under his notice. In this way it often happens that serious mistakes are avoided, and there is better harmony between purchaser and seller. The inducements offered purchasers of light hardware are unsurpassed, stocks in this city being large and well assorted. Prices also are as low as the lowest ; and as many lines of goods come from the United States, they can be laid down here as cheap, if not cheaper, than any- where else in Canada. The difference in freight on English shelf goods laid down here, as compared with Montreal, is insignificant. Our warehouses extend from street to street, and are within convenient ■distance of railway depots and wharves. There is an increase in the manufacture of heavy goods in the west, and a company is now being formed here for the manufacture of barbed fence wire. The manner in which stocks are kept is worthy of note, and the order and system Adhered to in this particular by certain young houses in the trade is commendable. There are some five wholesale houses in the city, and we believe that another will be added shortly. The sales of the year aggregate ten to twenty per cent, more than thos^d of the previous year, and for 1880 are estimated at $3,000,000. The trade at the beginning of the year was fairly active, with ad- vancing prices. The demand for iron was brisk from the foundries, and the outlook was most encouraging. The States markets governed prices, and a number of establishments that had been closed for some time started up anew. The advance during the first two months was so rapid that a number of houses kept their travellers in, thinking that they would be the gainers by so doing. When they did go out, sales were not made freely, and were chiefly confined to small parcels. Trade was active in the fall, and dealers were highly phrased with the promptness with which notes were met. The aggregate sales of October and November were much larger than at the corr(*sjx)nding periods for a number of years. Up till December business continued COMMERCIAL REVIEW .31 rood, and packers were kept on the jump. The demand for skates Siet in early, and the trade in these was of unusual dimensioufii. A fjiinnber of houses were unable to supply tbe demand. During the irst six HiOHtfe of the year the demand for nearly all classes of goods [was checked by the high prices, and payments were not as satisfactory )wiiig to the slow movement of produce. The latter half of the year, (however, there was little cause for grumbling, as the volume of trade jwas proportionately larger and payments better than ever before. [The following prices current at the first of each month in the year, [will give a good idea as to the course of values : Nails. Bar Iron. Pig Iron. Char. Tin. January $3 25 $2 25 $28 00 $8 00 Febiuarv 3 75 2 75 3100 10 00 March/. 4 00 2 75 30 00 10 50 April 4 00 2 75 30 00 10 00 May 3 76 2 75 24 00 9 50 -June 3 75 2 65 22 00 8 50 July 3 50 2 25 20 00 7 25 August 3 35 2 25 20 00 7 25 September 3 15 2 25 2100 7 25 October 2 80 2 10 2100 6 50 November 2 75 195 2100 6 25 December 2 75 195 22 00 6 25 Wholesale dealers : )»Vm. Thomson <^ Co. ; Rice Lewis & Son ; M. a:i>oiaa:ERS oof Harlware, Metals, Tin Plates, CWcals, &c., k\ 58 YONGE STREET, TORONTO. Laip and Lamp &oods Departieiit: No. 9 Jordau Street. ENGLISH HOUSE: ■-'■^■^'^V^W SAMUEL SONS & BENJAMIN, "" ^ 17o. 1 EumfOrdL Place, ZiiverpooL Consignments of Canadian productions to our Liverpool friends will have tiieir special attention. M. & L. S. B. & Co. ^" TORONTO, ■ - Begs to call attention to his large stock of fine TEAS, &ENERAL G ROCERIES, WIN ES AND LIOUORS. As these goods have been well bought, the Retail Trade would do well to inspect them before buying elsewhere. Special inducements to Cash and Prompt Paying buyers. THE MEII©AHTIEi'B AeEN €Y* , ■STABLISHKO 1841. n^HI Oldest and Most Reliable Agency on the Continent. With long experi- -^ ence and ample means, we are able to offer our Subscribers facilities far superior to any of our competitors. Wt are the only Firm in Canada publishing a weekly list of Bills of Sale, Chattel Mortgages, Writs and Judgments. -^-?r-~- ar TERMS MAD^ KNOWN ON APPLIOATION. Ift CHAS, E, THORNE & CO. WHOLESALE IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN CHINA, GLASS, EARTHENWARE. LAMP GOODS, CUTLERY AND SILVER-PLATED WARE. 2Q K3:isrGK STUEE-r -WEST, AT 22 S^ 24 IMZELIISriD^^ &a?REET, TORONTO, ONTARIO ENVELOPE FACTORY. BARBER & ELLIS, PROPRIETORS. DEALERS IN PAPER AND ©m©riil Steti@ffi©^' MANUFACTUBERS OF PAPJBM MBMMBf ^im THE t:r.a.jDE ARE INVITED TO INSPECT OUR STOCK. Nos. 14 Jordaai and 16 Melinda Streets, TORONTO. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. '■■ ■ it fine in 1880, owing to competition, both in Toronto and Montreal. The Montreal competition especially is said to have been keen, and prices had to be put at figures to meet it. The trade east of Toronto by merchants here has also the old standing drawback of higher freight rates on the Grand Trunk than what are paid by Montreal dealers. Payments are said to have been more regular and better altogether in 1880 than they were in 1879, and fewer bad debts are reported. Altogether the trade has been good, although somewhat cut up by competition, and the merchants in this city believe they can offer as good a marhet as can be found further east. The pros- pects for trade this season are believed to be good, and remuneration will be fair if the business be not further cut up by competition. The estimated sales in this department of trade are placed at $400,000, and the number of wholesale houses is four. Wholesale : Wm, Thomson & Co.; Chas. E. Thome eing on the road with goods for the succeeding season. Toronto has several firms that do a larg(? business and numerous small ones. Tlie pro.tors are neces- sarily doing a larger business. The Queen's Wharf Elevator is in course of rebuilding, and when that is completed the elevator capacity of the city will be some 1,250,000 bushels. In addition to the grain inspected into store, we give the total receipts of the Grand Trunk Railway at this point, and the estimated receipts of com, wheat, etc., by the Northern and North-Westem for transhipment here. The estimated value of the latter is 82,500,000: Hour, $871,250 ; and the balance of grain received, $3,000,000. By this it will be seen that the value of flour and grain received at this port during 1880 was $6,371,250. This amount, however, should not be taken as the total amount of business done here in grain and 46 COMMERCIAL BE VIEW. flour. Our shippers of barley, for instance, purchase cargoes all along the lake, and they are sent direct to American ports, never touching this point. In the same way our exporters of flour, wheat, and peas buy at outside points and ship through. The total business in flour and grain in this city during the past year is estimated at $20,000,000. (For list of dealers see page 60.) FLOUR. The trade in flour during the past year has not been altogether a satisfactory one. This is more particularly the case with the local business, the receipts being small and the demand throughout the greater part of the year light. There are several causes to which this state of things may be attributed. An important one is the dis- crimination in freight i-ates. Exporters have been able to get much more favoi-uble rates from points west and north of this, and particu- larly at stations on the line of the Great Western Railway. Our exporters, therefore, are forced in buying at these outside points to the injury of our own market. Another reason why our trade in this product has not assumed larger dimensions is owing to the greater activity of flouring mills in the interior, from which flour is exported direct. These are, as a rule, so situated that they command a lower rate of freight. During the entire year prices in this city have ruled from 10c. to 15c. a barrel higher than at outside points. A large quantity of wheat has been ground in bond at mills on the frontier, which has given rise to lengthy debates on the bonding system. The demand for winter wheat flours for export has been more active than for spring grades. This is mainly owing to the relative cheapness of the former as compared with the latter, on account of the scarcity and greater value of spring wheat. During the year there have appeared on the market considerable quantities of American wheat flour ; and although selling at a higher price than Canadian grades, it met with a fair demand. The highest prices of the year were in March and the lowest in September. Trade in January was a all, but the next two or three months it was fairly active. In May there wae little or no demand, as the Lower Provinces were chiefly supplied from New York and Boston, prices ruling in their favor. During the last two weeks of July, there appeared to be a scarcity ; none ofiered, and as a natural consequence, prices showed a slight advance. September and October were the best months of the year ; millers sold large quantities ahead, and with difficulty filled their contracts. Country millers at nearly all points shipped considerable quantities on direct orders from Britain, and prices here advanced about 40 cents per barrel. There were no special features in the market the last six weeks of the year, except that as the year gradually drew to an end the demand did likewise. We have but two mills in the city limits, those of Messrs. Mc- Laughlin & Moore and the Citizens' Milling Co. They turned out COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 47 some 50,000 barrels during the year, consisting chiefly of flour for baker's and family use. The quantity of wheat used was 225,000 bushels. The first-mentioned firm, although doing a fair city trade, ship considerable quantities to different sections of Canada. The number of men employed by these firms is 20. The milling cajjacity of the Province has increased, and indications lead us to believe that there will hereafter be a larger export of flour and a less export of wheat in the berry. The receipts by rail at this port during the year wore 141,000 barrels, which, together with the product of our own mills, amounts to 166,000 barrels. Taking the average price of flour as $5.25, the value would be $871,250. The following are the highest and lowest prices at which sales of flour were made (100 brls. and over) during the respective months of 1880: Month. Superior Highest. Extra. Lowest. Extra. Highest. Lowest. $5 65 $5 45 5 70 5 50 5 65 5 60 5 55 5 50 5 50 5 40 5 30 5 00 5 35 4 75 5 10 4 75 4 65 4 60 4 70 4 60 5 10 4 70 5 07i 5 85 Spring Highest Extra. Lowest. January February $5 80 5 80 5 85 5 75 5 60 5 35 5 45 5 40 4 87i 4 90 5 20 5 10 $5 50 5 60 5 70 5 60 5 50 4 95 4 80 4 80 4 65 4 70 4 80 4 90 $5 65 5 65 5 65 5 60 5 50 5 35 5 30 5 30 5 10 • • • • 5 25 5 00 $5 45 5 45 March April May 6 60 5 524 5 40 June July August September 5 00 4 80 5 15 4 80 October November December 4 'so 4 85 WHEAT. The business transacted in this grain during the year has been small and unprofitable to those who confined themselves to Canadian wheat. During the latter part of 1879 prices advanced rapidly in Chicago under the purchases of Keene and his followers. Our farmers and dealers were led to believe that high prices would rule ; and $1.33 and $1.35 for No. 1 spring and fall wheat in January and February were common prices. As it afterwards turned out many serious losses were incurred, the result of the " break " in the West and the un- settled feeling generally. The few Canadian dealers who were able to hold did so, and probably came out without much injury. The surplus wheat crop of Canada in 1879 was the largest in many years. This arose from the increased acreage of fall wheat, the average yield per acre of which is much greater than that of spring wheat. The total exports from Ontario of wheat and flour for the year ending June 30th, 1880, equalled 6,586,667 bushels, against 3,998,317 bushels the previous year, and 3,587,640 bushels in 1877-78. The crop of 1878-79 was only an average one, and that of 1879-80 was below the average, more particularly the spring wheat. The section of country lying to the east and north of Toronto yielded poorly the 48 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. past year, Tlie largest crop grew in the belt of country from tlie Detroit River to St. Catharines, which is noted chiefly for its red winter and white wheat. The current prices of the past year have ruled high in comparison with United States markets on account of a short supply. Since April the prices of spring wheat have ranged above those of fall — a very unusual circumstance — owing to the scarcity of the former grade. Our Canadian export trade has suffered seriously the past season. Whether it is owing to the fact that farmers and country dealers are holding, or to an insufficiency of stock, it cannot be denied that busi- ness at this point has materially decreased. As is the case with flour, no business of any extent has been transacted. Buyers of round lots for export have been obliged to seelj markets where they could com- pete with American shippers. The result has been that about three- quarters of our wheat export business has been done with Detroit, Toledo and Chicago grain. The small crop has been in the holder's favor this year, as he has been enabled to sell a car or two at a time to a local miller at several cents above the export basis. Had the yield been large the reverse would have been the case. Freight rates have also had their effect ; and until some move is taken to equalize rat€S, there is but a slim chance of us extending this important trade. The course of the market has l)een variable. The year opened with high prices, but from the 10th of January to about the 20th of February the market was unsettled. High prices then ruled for about a week, and spring wheat was in good demand for millers. After the 1st of March prices declined some, and the market con- tinued dull and depressed up to the second week in May. The great break in Chicago occurred about the middle of April, and a number of our mills closed about that time. Towards the latter part of May there were large shipments to Great Britain, in anticipation of lower prices in the future on favorable crop prospects. The new crop came in early, the first load appearing on the street July 27th, and selling at $1.08. In 1879 the first load came in on August 7th, and sold at $1. The first sample offered on 'Changt^ July 2l8t, at $1.12, by Thos. Johnson & Co. It was of the Clawson species, graded as No. 2, and was grown on the outskirts of St. Catharines. The ? "Ht rail receipts arrived by the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway the last week of August. The receipts continued comparatively small, which is attributed to the fact that farmers wanted to market their barley first, and to the low prices of wheat. From 96c., which was paid in August for No. 2 fall, prices gradually advanced until November on limitt^d oflerings. A fair business was transacted that month, and the closing month of the year brought lower figures. Below will l)e found the receipts of wheat inspected into store, arriving by rail and wagon, during each month for IH80 : COMMERCIAL REVIEW, 49 Month. January ... February ., March .... April.. May June July August September October. .. Novembei . December . Totitls, bush. By Rail. Fall. j Spring. 44,400 40,000 30,000 1,200 5,700 23,200 6,800 7,850 15,000 29,600 29,400 26,500 56,000 72,800 65,500 31,400 60,000 11,800 40,260 11,200 19,200 56,400 73,000 34,000 259,650 I 531,560 By Wagon Pall and Spring. 14,400 13,300 10,100 3,500 4,500 7,100 2,550 7,000 8,500 12,600 7,700 8,500 99,750 3Q H 114,800 126,100 105,600 36,100 70,200 42,100 49,610 26,050 42,700 98,600 110,100 69,000 890,960 Total receipts, 1880 1,087,534 " inspection, 1880 .. 890,960 " receipts, 1879 1,830,426 Decrease, 1880. 742,892 The following are the highest and lowest prices at which car-loads (f.o.c.) sold during the respective months of 1880 : F»U. Spring. No. 1. No. 2. No. 1. No. 2. 1 « c. $ c. $ c. $ c. January — Highest 1 33 1 33 1 30 1 2a Lowest 1 33 1 25 1 23 1 22 February — Highest 1 35 1 33 1 33 1 28 Lowest 1 29 1 26 1 30 1 28 March- Highest 1 32 1 33 1 33 1 30 Lowest 1 32 1 28 I 30 1 27 April- Highest 1 31 1 22 1 31 1 28 Lowest 1 27 1 21 1 27 1 24 May — Highest 1 26 1 23 1 28 1 26 Lowest 1 23 1 18 1 25 1 23 June — Highest. 1 16 1 08 1 18 1 06 1 27 1 17 1 23 Lowest 1 06 July — Highest • • • • 1 15 1 20 1 17 Lowest • • • • 1 00 1 08 ' 1 05 50 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. Fall. Spring. Month. No. I. No. 2. No. 1. No. 2. $ c. $ 0. $ c. $ c. August — Highest 1 11 1 21 1 22 Lowest 96 1 20 1 18 September — iighebt 1 01 1 12 1 10 ..owest • ■ • • 98 1 10 1 08 October- Hi ffhest.. 1 04 1 06 1 15 1 13 Lowest . . 1 04 1 01 1 10 1 08 November — Highest 1 18 1 15 1 22 1 20 Lowest 1 14 1 05 1 15 1 12 December — Highest 1 13 1 14 1 21 1 18 Lowest 1 13 1 07 1 16 1 14 BARLEY. - The year 1880 will long be remembered as one of the most pros- perous in the trade. From the opening of the season up to the close of navigation, every one who touched barley could hardly have helped making money. Tlie halt in prices did not come until tlie 20th of November, when navigation very unexpectedly came to an end. At that time a great deal of the stock in store, about 350,00 bushels, belonged to United States maltsters and brewers. It had been the intention of these parties to have the barley removed by water, but tlie sudden freezing up of vessels prevented it. On account of brewers having large stocks on hand at that time, as well as the difficulty experienced in getting cars, shipments were slow, and stocks kept consequently increasing until the end of the year. The high prices naturally induced farmers to market their stocks, and it is thought that the supply in the country is now very small. The course of the market cannot be attributed to speculation, the chief reason for the high prices being the increased consumption and short crop. Erroneous reports were circulated in June to the effect that the growing crop in the Western States would he an exceedingly large one. Brew«;rs and maltsters increased their capacity for the production of larger quantities of btier, naturally thinking from the statements published that the prices of barley would rule low. The manufacture of beer in the United States increaswl at a rate of over 2,600,000 barrels a year. This would niquire, at the rate of two and a half bushels of malt each, for 2,600,000 barrels of beer, al>out 6,300,000 bushels of malt or its equivalent in substitutes. To meet the increased consumption there turned out to be a deficiency of al>out 25 per cent, on the estimated crop of liarley. The advance, therefore, could hardly have Ikm^i otherwise. It will be remembered that great expectations were had of the California crop ; but it turned out COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 61 poorly, and stocks in that section were never smaller than at the present time. A large portion of the western barley was stored in a bad condition ; it is said that about '5 per cent, of it turned mugty, and that not over one-tenth of the western receipts graded No. 2 or over. The past few years malt has been low in price, and it is due to this fact that brewers have discarded to a large extent the use of substitutes,' such as grape sugar, white commeal, and rice. The high prices of barley in 1880 will, however, have the tendency to induce a freer use of these substitutes by brewers ; and should there be a large crop the coming year, lower prices will naturally follow. The foregoing reasons are, as far as we can learn and are able to judge, the chief causes why barley advanced 38c. to 43c. a bushel the past season. The net exports of barley and malt from Canada, for the fiscal years ended June 30th, have been : Bushels. 1875-6 , 10,074,570 1876-7 6,520,400 1877-8 7,851,700 1878-9 6,097,540 1879-80 8,133,120 Total five years 38,677,330 This season Canadian brewers will use 1,250,000 bushels of barley, and maltsters 750,000 bushels, making a total of 2,000,000 bushels. Of this quantity Toronto brewers and maltsters require 600,000 bushels. Toronto is the leading barley port of Canada. Her receipts during 1880 were 2,000,500 bushels, or one-fifth of the entire crop of Canada. Our dealers, however, handle large quantities at lake ports to the east that are shipped direct to Oswego, Ogdensburg, and Char- lotte. We are within the mark when we state that Toronto dealers handle one-half of the Canadian crop. The receipts during the year were the largest by the Northern Railway, with the Nipissing next, and Toronto, Grey and Bruce third. The best grades grown in Canada the past season were along the lines of the two first men- tioned roads. The most of it graded as No, 1 and No. 2 choice, and it was unusual to see a No. 3 extra. Large quantities of this barley were taken by Buffalo, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis brewers, and so rapid were the advances in prices during October and Novem- ber, that before the barley arrived at its destination it was worth from 20c. to 25c. per bushel more than at the time of shipment. It was laid down in Chicago about the beginning of October at 92c. to 94c. per bushel, and in December prices had risen to $1.35 to $1.45. The oi>ening of the year found a dull and unsatisfactory market ; prices fluctuated a few cents in as many months, and until the new crop came there was nothing of importance to note. The first re- ceipts of the new crop arrived on th(? street about the 5th of August, but fronj that time up till the 20th of Sept^^mlier the moven»ent was slow. The last week of S<'pt<»mber brought activity, and, as will be noticed below, the receipts during October were the largest of the 52 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. year, being 900,000 bushels. Chartering of vessels was in order, and every conceivable kind of hull was brought into use. It turned out thai- the slower the vessel was • the more money was made on the cargo to be sold. Prices here advanced 28c. to 34c. the first three weeks in November. On account of the sudden cold snap the last week of that month navigation came to a close, which had the effect of somewhat unsettling the markets. Thus terminated th barley movement of 1880, which proved to be highly satisfactory to all those engaged in it. We give below the monthly receipts of barley inspected into store, arriving by rail and wagon, during the year 1880 : January . . Febniary . . March .... April May June July... August . . . September October .... November . December . Totals. Month. By rail. By wagon. Total Bush. Bush. Bush. 63,000 8,100 71,10(> 30,500 5,600 .36.100 26,000 2,400 28,400 9,300 4.-)0 9,750 1,000 150 1,150 ■ ■ ■ • > 100 100 • • * • • 100 100 800 3,500 4,300 180,000 139,000 ;i 19,000 610,000 290,000 900,000 300,000 71,000 371,000 182,500 27,000 209,500 1,403,100 547,400 1,950,500 jreweries d irect .50,000 Total receipts, 1880 2,000,.50<) 1879 1,723.229 The following are the highest and lowest prices at which car loads (f.o.c.) sold during ninr months of 1880, there being no busines.H done in June, July, or Augu.st : Month. January — Highest Lowest. Febniary- Highest Ix)weat . March — Highest. Lowest . No 1 '^'^'-^ No '> No.3 "°' ^•iChoice^*' - Kxtra. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 53 Month. April — Highest. . . .. Lowest May- Highest Lowest September — Highest . . . . Lowest October — Highest Lowest November — Highest Lowest December — Highest Lowest No. 1. Cents. 70 67 76 71 1 10 76 1 03 96 No. 2. Choice No. 2. Cents. Cents. 68 64 ... 68 67 67 67 67 62 .74 67 72 64 1 05 76 1 00 72 1 00 92 94 88 No. 3. £xtra. Cents. 60 58 60 60 60 56 65 59 95 66 89 82 PEAS. The trade in peas in this city ranks third among grains. The export is large, but our figures do not show anywhere near the extent- of trade done by our shippers. The reason for this is that large pur- chases made at railway points, north, east, and west of here, went direct to Montreal, without transhipment. Our receipts, however, were larger than the previous year, but are not what they should be. Our remarks relative to the discrimination in wheat rates also apply to peas, and until this barrier is withdrawn our importance as a grain centre will be of little account. Receipts by wagon have been small, being only about 44,950 bushels during the year, as against 235,400 bushels by rail. The crop of 1879, as well as that of 1880, was greatly affected by worms ; and although both crops were large, prices of inspected peas have ruled firm. Throughout the season there was a good demand, but as shippers could not get their wants supplied on account of limited receipts, they were driven elsewhere. Prices ruled firm the first six months of the year. No. 1 opening at 70c., and after selling at 69c. in February, gradually rose to 74c. in May. The demand for cargoes at the latter date was active, and stocks dwindled down from 70,000 in April to 2,500 bushels towards the latter part of May. The first load of the new crop arrived on the street on the 9th of August and sold at 60c. a bushel. Prices had declined some 5c., and No. 1 inspected sold in August at 69c. In September there were no sales of No. 1 reported, but No. 2 sold at 65c. From that point they advanced 5c., and the year closed Avith No. 2 selling at 67c. The iiverage prices during 1880 were from 5c. to 8c. higher than those of 1879. The receipts \vere slow up till November, farmers giving their undivided attention to the marketing of barley, which was advancing 54 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. in price week by week. The month of November shows the largest receipts by rail, while those of February were the largest by farmers' wagon. The following table shows the receipts of peas by rail and by wagon during each month of 1880 : January. .. February.. March April May June July August September. October .... November. December.. Month. By Rail. Bushels. Total receipts for 1880. " 1879. 22,100 16,800 28,100 19,000 11,750 1,200 1,000 400 4,000 35,800 52,900 42,400 235,450 By Wagon. Bushels. 6,700 8,450 5,650 1,600 700 3.50 200 1,200 3,500 6,400 3,700 6,500 44,950 Total. Busi.els. 28.800 25,250 33,750 20,600 12,450 1.550 1,200 1,600 7,500 42,2)0 56,600 48,900 280,400 257.104 The following are the highest and lowest prices at which car-loads sold (f.o.c.) during each month of the year 1880 : Month. January — Highest . Lowe.st... February — Highest . . Lowest . . . March — Highest . Low est . . April — Highest . . Lowest . . May — Highest .. Lowest. . . . June — Highest .. Lowest . . . No. 1. Cents. ' 70 70 69 69 71 70 72 72 74 72 70 70 No. 2. Cents. 67 66 67 66 70 66 70 68 73 69 70 70 Month. July- Highest. . ., Lowest. . .. August — Highest .... Lowest.. .. September — ■lighest ... '. jowest . . . October — Highest .... Lowest.. . . November — Highest.... Lowest... . . December — Higu?8'„ .... Lowest No. 1. Cents. 70 70 69 69 69 68 71 70 70 70 No. 2. Cents. 68 68 67 67 65 65 67 65 70 67 69 67 OATS. The movement in oats during the year has been an average one. There is very little shipping in this cereal, and the greater part of the business is confined to local requirements. Very few cars have been COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 55 inspected, especially since the movement of the new crop, receipts being sold in cars on the track. The offerings of twenty or thirty at any one time would ease prices considerably, and holders necessarily take the precaution to keep receipts within the limits of the demand. The stock in store at the opening of the year was 3,650 bushels, and it increased to some 23,000 bushels in April*, which was the heaviest of the year. The stock decreased to 8,000 bushels in August, and to 3,000 in September, and the year closed with elevators empty. The European demand was not good for this grain, on account of fair crops there. Freights are also against the export of this grain, charges being per cubic foot. Meal has hitherto been the most profit- able for export, and the Canadian millers used to do a large business in grinding American oats previous to the tariff of March, 1879. Since then a few mills have been erected across the border, and are doing a profitable trade. The new crop was a large one, but farmers, finding that the market declined quickly on liberal receipts, have kept the grain back. The first load was received at the end of the first week in August, and sold at 38c. a bushel, while old oats were selling at 40c. The heaviest receipts were during September and October, Street prices have ruled from Ic. to 2c. higher than by the car load on track. The year opened Avith sales of No. 1 Western at 36 |c. and 37c,, and for the first six months prices did not vary over one cent a bushel. The freer arrival of the new crop in September and October brought prices down to 30c. to 33c,, the former being the lowest price since February, 1879. The last two months of the year prices were firmer on limited receipts. The receipts during the year amounted to 389,122 bushels, and shipments 276,101 bushels. (For prices, see page 56.) ■A^. RYE. The market during 1880 was attended with considerable excite- ment, prices fluctuating in sympathy with the United States markets. At the beginning of the year there was an advance in sympathy with wheat and on account of the stock being in few hands. The highest prices of the first six months were in April, and in May there was a decline of five cents. During the summer months no business was transacted, and in Septem))er the first sales of car lots were reported. The crop has been a good average one, but on account of the unex- pected short crop in the United States, and a good demand from Germany, |rices advanced about 20 cents during September and October. Our largest consumers here feared that they would be unable to get enough to put them through, and the lower prices of December were hailed with a certain degree of satisfaction. The high prices for this grain during the past fifteen mouths will likely result in a larger crop the coming year. The first load of the new crop was received on the street market on July 30th, and brought 58 cents a bushel. One of the largest sales was made on October 1 6th, 56 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. at 90 cents on track, the transfer consisting of twenty cars. The lowest price for a car lot during the year was 72 cents, and the highest 91 cents. In 1879 the lowest price was 50 cents, and the highest 70 cents. Dealers report the trade as highly satisfactory during the year. The following are th6 highest and lowest prices at which car loads of the following produce sold during the respective months of 1880 : Month. .- January — Highest .. Lo'tvest ... February — Highest .. Lowest . . March — Highest... Lowest ... April— Highest. . Lowest . May — Highest... Lowest . . . June — Highest... Lowest . . . July- Highest . . Lowest.. . August — Highest. . Lowest . . . September — Highest . . Lowest .... October — Highest ... Lowest . . . November — Highest . . Lowest . . . . December — Highest... Lowest . . . OB S Cents. 37 m 37 36 37 37 37i 37 37i 37 37i 36i 37 36 38 35 35 30 33 30 34 34 35 33 Cents. 80 74 81 80 81 81 83 83 80 78 75 72 91 80 90 88 87 85 a . Cents. 56 56 57 56 55 55 55 54 57 544 55 54 53^ 53^ * 60 58 I c. 12 00 10 00 13 00 r JO '. 50 13 00 14 50 13 00 13 00 9 50 8 50 7 50 9 00 8 25 9 50 9 00 10 00 9 50 11 00 9 50 13 00 12 00 13 50 13 25 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 57 THE STREET MARKET. Grain received from farmers' wagons during each month of 1880: Month. January February March April May June July August September October November December Total bushels Wheat, bush. 14,400 13,300 10,100 3,500 4,500 7,100 2,550 7,000 8,500 12,600 7,700 8,500 99,750 Barley, bush. 8,100 5,600 2,400 450 150 100 100 3,500 139,000 290,000 71,000 27,000 547,400 Oats, bush. 2,950 4,100 2,500 600 1,150 1,100 500 3,150 7,550 6,000 4,100 4,500 38,200 Peas, bush. 6,700 8,450 5,650 1,600 700 350 200 1,200 3,500 6,400 3,700 6,500 44,950 Rye. bush. 800 1,050 750 150 100 500 1,150 3,300 1,800 1,200 10,800 HIGHEST AND LOWEST STREET PRICES. The following are the highest and lowest prices during each month of 1880: Month. January — Highest.... Lowest February — Highest.... Lowest March — Highest..., Lowest April — Highest.... Lowest May— Highest.... Lowest June — Highest..., Lowest July- Highest . . . . Lovrest August — Highest.... Lowest .... September — Highest.... Lowest Wheat. Barley. Spring Fall. $ $ Cents. 1 32 1 21 1 30 1 18 75 58 1 33 I 25 1 36 1 22 67 58 1 31 1 25 1 29 1 24 65 58 1 24 1 18 1 25 1 18 68 60 1 22 1 15 1 27 1 17 65 62 1 16 1 04 1 27 1 06 63 55 i 13 1 04 1 16 1 05 55 55 1 10 97 1 17 1 05 67 67 1 03 90 1 10 1 00 70 55 Oats. Cents. 40 36 40 37 40 38 42 40 41 39 40 38 40 38 40 35 37 33 Peas. Cents. 72 63 68 64 69 66 70 67 70 65 70 60 60 65 65 56 66 60 Rye. Cents. 76 72 80 75 82 78 82 81 80 78 66 58 74 65 58 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. Month. Wheat. Barley, Oats. Peas. Rye. Spring FalL October — Highest Lowest November — Highest ■ 1 07 98 1 18 1 04 1 15 1 05 1 15 1 00 1 24 1 08 1 18 1 08 Cents. 78 58 1 06 70 1 05 75 Cents. 35 32 35 33 36 34 Cents. 68 60 71 64 71 60 Cents. 92 75 90 Lowest December — Highest Lowest 87 88 84 TOTAL RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS. The following are the total receipts and shipments of flour and grain at this port during the year 1880 : Receipts. Shipments. Flour, barrels 140,929 290,729 Wheat, bushels '. 1,087,534 910,773 Barley, bushels 2,000,500 1,649,712 Oats, bushels 389,122 276,101 Peas, bushels 280,400 243,258 Rye, bushels 49,570 34,187 Total, 1880 , 3,861,986 3,114,031 Total, 1879 3,807,126 3,559,581 Estimated quantity of grain transhipped by Northern Railway, 4, 000, 000 bu. STOCKS. The stocks of flour and grain in store at this port on the 1st of January for the last three years were as follows : 1881. 1880. 1879. Flour, bbls 6,413 13,050 8,440 Wheat, bushels 132,484 315,730 136,084 Barley, bushels 401,462 176,148 128,753 Oats, bushels 2,650 11,800 Peas, bushels .,^^^ 46,445 40,276 20,143 Rye, bushels 16,923 1,540 Totalbushels 597,314 536,344 296,780 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 59 RECEIPTS of Flour and Grain at Toronto for the past ten years 1880. 1879.. 1878. 1877.. 1876. 1875. 1874.. 1873.. 1872.. 1871.. Flour, brls 140,929 151,843 146,421 131,876 117,309 158,935 182,909 118,670 60,476 56,326 Wheat, bus. 1,087,534 1,830,426 1,683,052 1,798,302 2,323,953 2,193,594 1,492,810 1,262,995 781,502 822,671 Barley, bus. 2,000,500 1,523,229 1,751,782 1,876,112 2,045,405 2,101,666 1,208,642 1,002,895 881,048 1,214,293 Oats, bus. 389,122 136,656 182,537 131,132 115,856 159,768 47,614 55,581 99,702 198,207 Peas, bus. 280,400 257,104 ;^12,142 211,302 221,643 267,350 305,765 100,070 54,871 54,698 Rye. bus. 49,570 22,956 18,462 7,800 515 SHIPMENTS of Flour and Grain from Toronto for the past ten years. Flour, brls. Wheat, bus. Barley, bus. Oats, bus. Peas, bus. Rye. bus. 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 1875 290,729 145,803 132,578 120,416 116,413 157,703 180,174 131,039 64,185 53,690 910,773 1,612,846 1,511,814 1,870,313 2,398,631 1,934,474 1,519,015 1,123,988 792,869 795,556 1,649,712 1,560,262 1,582,000 1,691,302 1,790,702 1,993,287 1,148,441 1,006,842 921,469 1,081,098 276,101 117,556 134,327 121,000 101,126 156,156 48,343 54,609 68,195 136,391 243,258 225,553 208,215 195,320 206,579 231,844 274,782 90,534 68,868 59,688 34,187 21,964 10,450 3,840 1,633 1874 1873 1872 1871 BARLEY SHIPMENTS FOR 23 YEARS. The following is a statement of the shipments of Barley from Toronto during the past twenty-three years : Bushels. 1880 1,649,712 1879 1,560,262 1878 1,582,000 1877 1,691,302 1876 1,790,702 1875 1,993,287 1874 .. 1,148,441 1873 1,006,842 Bushels. 1872 921,469 1871 1,081,098 1870 1,212,545 1869 1,483,869 1868 916,830 1867 1,007,547 1866 1,21J,432 1865 1,197,207 Bushels. 1864 435,944 1863 376,761 1862 226,033 1861 251,167 1860 246,106 1859 54,532 1858 720 60 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. TORONTO CORN EXCHANGE, 1881. WiLMOT D. Matthews, Jun., President. M. McLaughlin, Vice-President. Geo. Chapman, Se-.-Ti-aiurer. E. A. Wills, Assist. Sec'y. MEMBERS V Baird, H. N. Buckland, G. W. Barr, J. Barclay, A. Cannon, A. W. Carruthers, J. Chapman & Son. Chisholm, K. & Co. Christie, Brown & Co. Clark, S. C. D. Coffee, L. & Co. Cowan, D. & Co. Cox, Arthur. Cramp, Torrances & Co. De Laporte, A. V. & Co. Galbraith, Wm. Gibbs Bros. Godson, A. W. Goodall, James. Gooderham, Alfred. Gooderham & Worts. Gray, W. Hagarty & Grasett. Harris, Joseph. He ward, J. O. Howland, P. & T. A. Howland, W. H. & Co. Inglis, Matthew & Co. Johnston, T. & Co. Knowlton, W. H. Laidlaw, J. D. Lukes, W. Matthews, W. D. & Co. Monteith, W. Marsden, J. W. (Newcastle). McGann, J. McKay, J. B. & Co. McLaughlin & Moore. McCuaig, J. Ross, A. (Port Perry). Ryan, W. Spink, J. Spink, W. Spratt, R. Stark Bros. Sylvester Bros. Taylor & Gates. Walmsley, Scott. Weatherston, N. & Co. Willows & Davidson. Winans, E. C. & Co. Wood, Cephas. Young, James. J. Cooper, G. T. R. R. J. Earls, G. T. R. R. W. Hyndman, G. W. R. R. R. Quinn, N. & N. W. R. R. J. Ross, C. V. R. R. E. Wragge, T., G. & B. R. R. E. Slaughter, Inman Line. THE PROVISION TRADE. Provision dealers generally have had a good year. In the spring there was an increased demand from the North-West, principally from contractors, and large quantities of bacon, butter, cheese, etc., were forwarded. Towards the close of the year the demand from Winnipeg was active for beef and poultry. It is a diflicult matter to ^et at a correct statement of the extent of this business. We, how- ever, only attempt to give the leading items. In a number of instances we were allowed to inspect dealers' books, and with one or two excep- tions they furnished us with the necessary information. The aggregate figures in each article are as follows : Value, Hogs, No 54,355 «680,560 Butter, lbs., (home trade) 861,0;iO 154,980 (export) 825,000 152,620 Cheese, lbs 865,621 103,870 Dried apples, lbs 1,271,000 63,550 Eggs, dozen 250,000 25,000 Beans, bushel 6,79C 8,000 Total value of six leading articles $1,188,480 HOGS. The winter and spring of 1880 was not altogether favorable to packers. The prices paid for hogs ruled high at the close of 1879, and up till about February, 1880, when there was a drop of $1 to $1.25. Dealers who had commenced packing early in the season began to feel uneasy, and in some cases transactions were made at a loss to the seller. Those packers who waited until the decline, found it profitable. The " comer " created by the Armours in the Western States during the summer helped our dealers and packers wonderfully. Prices of cured meats rose steadily until the end of September, when bacon was selling at 9|c. to 10c. for Cumberland cut, and 10|c. to lie. for long clear. Pork was selling at that time at $18.50 to |1 9, and was very scarce. Our stocks eventually ran out and we had to import from the United States. Our hogs do not average over 2001bs., and for the city and export trade these are preferred to heavy ones. The latter are better suited to the country trade. The bulk of the bacon is long clear, which is in best o^mand for the North- West on account of its being of lighter weight, and consequently saves freight. There was none exported during the year, and it appears as if Canada could use all her supply. The total number of hogs cut in this city during 1880 was 54,355, the weight being 10,889,610 lbs., or an average of 200 lbs. each. 62 COMMERCIAL REVIEW, BUTTER. This trade was quiet during the early months of 1880, and until the opening of the season in June, when there was a very large European demand, and prices ruled higher than they have done for a number of years. The high prices remained steady till towards the close of the season, when the supply becoming greater than the demand, the latter was checked and consequently eased off. The highest quotations reached during the past year were 24c. for choice lots, and the lowest prices ranged from 12c. to 14c. The total amount of butter used for ' ime consumption in 1880 was 861,000 lbs., which at an average price of 18c. represents a money value of $154,980 ; the value of the export trade amounted to about $152,000. The stock of butter on hand at the close of the year was small, there being only about 1,000 packages. The exporting was done chiefly by Thomas Johnston & Co., and D. Cowan & Co. v_ CH^^ESE. The trade in this article during 1880 was active ; there were only slight fluctuations in prices. In January the prices ranged from 13c. to 14^c., and in the following month from 12c. to 14c. The lowest price reached during the year was in July, when the quotations ruled at 9^c. to 10^.; the highest prices were in April, when choice lots were selling at 15^c., and inferior at 13^c. These prices remained steady throughout the month, but fell to 13^. to 14^c. in May. The total transactions amounted to about $103,870 during the year. DRTT^D APPLES. The market was fairly active throughout 1880, and the prices ruled steady ; the highest quotation reached was in the month of February, when choice lots sold at 7|c. In March this price fell to 6c. to 6^c. for selected barrelled lots. During the fall, the prices steadily declined, and in Nove'^jber the lowest price was reached, wh^n choice sold from 4^c. to '^•c. This price continued steady throughout the month of Decern Der. The amount of business transacted during 1880 in this article may be estimated at about $63,550. BEANS. ■?>' ' This trade v.as moderately acti\e during the past year, the total consumption being estimated at 6,790 bushels, which represented a money value of $8,000. The prices were steady a 1 the demand fair throughout the season. In addition to the articles enumerate * lere are many others that would materially enhance the amoui.. -iatetl. It can safely be put down at $1,500,000. Dealers : D. Gunn & Co.; Davison, Scott &, Co.; \Vm. Ryan ; D. Cowan ik Co ; Wm. Monteith ; Gibb Ar Gallow ; R. H. Ramsay «fe Co.; James Park ; R. Thompson ; James & Furness ; T. Johnston d: Co.; J. E. Baillie ; Wm. Davies & Co.; Hawley Bros. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 63 ONTARIO PORK PACKING ASSOCIATION, 1881. Thomas Davison, President. J. YoRKE, Vice-President. J. E. Baillie, Secretary-Treasurer, Fearman, F. W. McKillop Bros. Thompson, R. Young, John, *fe Co. Park, James James & Fumess. Madden & Walker. Rowland, Fred. Nelson, Andrew. MEMBERS : Campbell, John. Martin, Philip. Monteith, Wm. Ramsay, R. H., & Co. Herson, Jas. Baillie, Jas. E. Slawsom, C. Yorke, Jeheil. Briton Bros. Lowrey, Thos. Davison, Scott & Co. Ryan, Wm. Gunn, D., & Co, Gibb & Gallow. Grant, J. L. Matthews, Geo. White, John. LUMBER. The trade of the year 1880 has been a very profitable one to dealers. During the few previous years there had been little activity in this business, in consequence of the general depression in the United States, which is the chief market for our export. The revival was first felt in the fall of 1879, since which time there has been a steady demand, and at times an excited market. Receipts daring the first part of the year were large, and the stock in the city considerable. After the first shipments there was a lull for a few weeks, and prices declined slightly on account of the inactivity of building operations in the city. The lull, however, was only temporary in the export demand, and a good trade continued up till the close of the season. While avigation was open the demand for vessels was good, and since then the rail shipments have been large. The advance in prices, as will be seen in the following list, is much greater for clear and pickings than for the common kinds of lumber. Our receipts and shipments during the year, by the dificrent roads, vere as follows : ^ Receipts Shipments ; u*^Tv V ft. b. m. f*. b. m. Northern 98,000,000 41,000,UO() Grand Trunk 11,928,000 6,182,00(> Toronto, Grey and Bruce .. 7,098,120 Nipissing 6,858,000 Great VVestem... 1,348,000 8,936,000 - v-^-^ I , - i. ..; , 125,232,120 66,118,000 The above figures include lumber, lath and shingles. The ship- ments made by the Northern Railway Company were chiefly to Oswego by water. It would appear from the above statements that the quantity left in tue city is 69,524,120 ft. We have found 64 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. great difficulty at getting at the consumption of lumber here, as a number of merchants were unable to give figures without entailing an enormous amount of work. We are, however, able to give an approxi- mate estimate furnished by those Mell up in the business. It is as follows : Lumber 40,000,000 Lath 15,000,000 Shingles 10,000,000 The receipts by the Grand Trunk Railway are much smaller than they used to be, the Northern taking away much of their former business on account of the latter's direct communication with the lumbering district. The first cost of lumber handled here is probably $1,500,000, but this amount is but a small proportion of the business transacted by Toronto dealers. Large quantities are shipped from the forest by other routes, which of course do not appear in our receipts. At the end of the season comparatively light stocks were on hand, and the briskness of the Chi jago market, together with a decreasing supply from the Saginaw Valley, indicate an active market the coming season. The following table shows the highest wholesale prices in Toronto at the close of the seasons 1879 and 1880 : 1879. 1880. Clear, l\ and upwards $24 00 |30 00 Pickings, IJ and upwards 15 00 20 00 Inch clear and pickings 17 00 20 00 FJooring, U and 1^ 11 00 13 00 10 and 12 inch stock dressing 12 00 13 00 10 and 12 inch common stock 9 00 10 00 Inch dressing, sidings 12 00 13 00 Shipping culls 8 50 10 00 2-inch plank 8 50 9 50 2x4 scantling ...:':;. 8 50 10 00 XXX 15.inch shingles 2 00 2 20 XX 16-inch shingles 1 30 1 35 Lath 1 30 1 30 Mill culls , 7 00 7 05 The forests of v/alnut have almost disappeared in Ontario, and what little there is is in the western part of the Province. It meets with ready demand, being largely used in the manufacture of sewing machines, organs, furniture, car building, etc. Among other kinds of hardwood in good demand for domestic or export purposes may be mentioned cherry, butternut, chestnut, white ash, and white oak. It is thought that in a few years these woods will become very scarce, and some of them entirely absorbed. This will cause the more common kinds, such as maple, birch, soft elm, and black ash, to take their places. The depletion of our forests has given rise to considerable discus- sion, and Dhe sooner that means are taken to supply the growing defi- ciency th(( better. Not long ago it was thought that the vast area of forest wes inexhaustible, and that the supply should ever diminish never en":/ered the minds of settlers or luniberraon. However, the time has come when measures should be adopted for economizing our COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 65 existing forests and supplying denuded lands with young plants. It is noted that in the land regulations of the North- West special privi- leges are allowed to those who take in hand the planting of a portion of their lands with such trees as may be required for the purposes of building and fuel. Some such inducements held out to occupants of lands of the older Provinces would, we doubt not, result in benefits substantial and lasting, "^^he vast quantities of logs and square timber brought down annually is steadily using up the forests on the Upper Ottawa, in the neighborhood of Pembroke, and on the streams flowing into it in that section, so that operations are being gradually extended farther back. About three times the quantity of square timber was taken out the past season as compared vnth the previous one, and sent to Quebec. From that point it was shipped to England. During the fall a company, largely composed of Scottish capitalists, was organized with a capital of $1,000,000 to more fully develop our timber resources. The timber lands over which the operations of this company extend are situated on the Ottawa River, on the north shore of the Georgian Bay, in the Muskoka and Parry Sound dis- tricts, and in the States of Michigan and Wisconsin, covering in all an area of about 1,300 square miles. These lands formerly belonged to the well known firm of Cook Bros, and to Mr. Allan Grant, and have been transferred by them to the new company, in consideration of which they will hold about half the capital stock, and will take a leading part in the management of the company's affairs. The head office of this company is in Edinburgh and the principal Canadian office in Toronto. They have commenced operations on the Ottawa, where they will cut about 20,000,000 feet of logs and 1,000,000 cubit feet of timber, and they will also cut from 25,000,000 to 30,000,000 feet of the Midland and Wye Mills. They employ about 400 men, and the annual wages and supplies are calculated at between $200,000 and $300,000. The following are the present prices of the different kinds of Canadian lumber on board cars on the different lines of railway nearest to the mills : , Walnut, boat f60 to 870 ' oommou... " culls Cherry, best Buttf'rnut, (.»e.st... . Whit*"%ood, Chohtiiut, Wliite Oak, White A8l\ Hickory Rock Kim, 1 1 «< << it << i( n <4 (t II It << 50 30 22 22 22 18 17 17 16 13 II >< II Sycamore, best.' $ — to $12 Balm of Gilead,. Jiirch, best.. Black Oak, " .. (Jrty Oak, Black Ash, Bass wood. Maple, B»'ech, Soft Elm, 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 9 Among promiaent deatprs are the following : Christie, Kerr «k Co.; Donogh, McCool er were shipped in Juue and 68 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. July, which were bought at 4^c. to 4|c. per lb., but the business during those months is said not to have been profitable, as freights ruled very high. Prices of the ordinary stock for butchers' use were steady at 3ic. to 4|c. per lb. About the close of the year large shipments of sheep and lambs were made to New York. Hogs were in steady de- mand, but receipts at the market were small. Prices during the year ruled at 4^c. to 5^c. per lb. The following are the receipts of sheep and hogs from March till the end of the year, there being but few in January and February : No. Sheep. March 90 April 120 May 215 June 2,052 July 10,249 August 7,520 September 8,010 October 1,064 November 2,000 December 389 Total ... 31,709 No. Hogs. March 99 ^ril May 20 June 119 July 209 August 214 September 280 October 420 November 1,018 December 600 Total 2,979 WOOL. The trade in wool has not been a profitable one, but as far as, Toronto dealers are concerned they were fortunate enough not to hold heavy stocks. The opening prices of fleece were high, many dealers supposing that *,he active demand experienced in the fall of 1879 would continue. They were, however, disappointed, and no shipments were made to the United States until the fall. After paying 32c. to 33c. per lb. for fleece, many country dealers, later on, accepted a few cents less, but some are yet holding. After the 1st Ci' November our dealers received numerous orders from the Eastern States, and for a time the market was active at an advance of Ic. to 2c. Durin he summer months prices ruled at 28c. Tht sales of fleece amounteu to something like 1,120,000 lbs., which is consideV-ed small. The trade in pulled is estimated at about 500,000 lbs., and that in foreign at 700,000 lbs. Taken altogether, the cash value would be about $650,- 000. The quantity of foreign wool entered at this port during 1880 shows a considerable inci'ease over that of 1879, the amount being 936,655 lbs. against 156,467 lbs. in 1879. Dealers : E. Leadley & Co. ; Winans & Co. ; John Hallam ; P. Strauss. HIDES. The year 1880 opened with prices at the highest point aached during the year. Prices receded slight'y during February ana March when the season for grubby stock arrived, that class of hides being of corrospondingly less value. During the summer prices again advanced, and remaiiu d firm during the balance of the year. Keen competition among local dealers had doubtless a good deal to do with such ex- : COMMERCIAL HEVIEJV. treme figures, and old buyers state that tbey never knew such high prices to rule for such a length of time. Tanners complained that competition kept rates so high that they had no margin on which to work ; but notwithstanding this, all offered were freely taken, and every dealer was closely sold up during the entire year. The demand throughout Ontario for cattle for export no doubt has a tendency to make hides scarce, particularly steer hides, which are used largely for sole and harness. Our inspection law requires some attention in order to meet the requirements of both tanners and dealers, for with the exception of the two leading centres, it is very imperfect and far from uniform. Dealers here complain that our inspection is too close in comparison with outside points, and that no country lots can be handled except at a serious loss. This has the effect of diverting trade to other chan- nels where the inspection is not so strict. The appointment of a Supervisor of Inspectors, whose duty it would be to see that a uniform inspection prevailed all over the Dominion, would obviate this, and be hailed alike with satisfaction by both tanner and dealer. The quantity of hides handled during the year under review num- bered 40,000, which at an average price of $5.50 each, makes $220,000. The number of sheepskins would amount to 150.000, which at an average of $1.30, makes $195,000. The number o: calfskins received during the year was 20,000, which at an average of 31.50 each, would give $30,000. Total value of hides and skins handled here during 1880, $445,000. Dealers : John Hallam ; E. Leadley & Co. ; D. W. Alexander 5 J. Pepler. :• ,,:; ■"■-■"■^^ '"' '':'. - SEEDS. ^^ ' ' ' '" ' /'''"^' - This trade has shown a disposition to centre in Toronto, and has made enormous strides during the last few years. In former years Toronto was somewhat handicapped by high freights, but under the strong competition of the Canadian and American railway systems this city is more favorably situated than any other in the Dominion as a receiving and distributing centre for imported seeds, and also for the export trade. Owing to a careful system of shipping rech^aned and uniform samples, Toronto clover seed has attracted of late consider- able attention from foreign buyers, who a few years since seemed to be under the impression that nothing but inferior qualities could be procured in Canada. The probability of getting regally good uniform samples was so slighi, that orders were only sent to this country as a last resort ; but under the careful system alluded to above there is at present a large number of foreign correspondents- who are anxious to k^-iep fully informed of the prospects of the Canadian oh)ver seed ciop, which they now look upon as a regular source of supply. The quantity of cIov(!r shipped from Canatla during the past season, which ended about the Ist of April, 1880, amounted tc some 300 our 6 70 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. loads or 120,000 bushels. More than half of this was grown west of here, and Toronto dealers handled the larger part of it. Towards the close of the season a number of dealers bought considerable quantities at $3.65 to $4, to hold over for the present season, and a large portion was sold in London during December at a fair profit. On account of large stocks of old seed in England and high prices asked by farmers and dealers here, the opening of the present season was very backward. Arrangements have been made by which supplies of leading staples, such as turnip, carrot, mangel, sugar beet, etc., may be obtained direct from the leading growers in Great Britain and on the continent, thus insuring customers seeds at the lowest prices at wliich the finest (}ualities can be supplied The extent of the business is estimated at $500,000. Dealers : Steele Bros. & Co. ; G. Keith ; Wm. Rennie ; Joseph Simmers. The following make clover seed a specialty : J as. Goodall; Wm. Monteith ; N. Weatherston the fall of 1879, they too shared in the general prosperity. Prices in the United States at the close of navigation in 1880 advanced chiefly on ace. unt of lack of transporta- tion facilities. The rolling stock of all he railways, which was let run down during the years 1875 to 1879, was insuflicient to meet the demand of trade, and in many country districts in the West there is now a coal famine. Our supply by water was from $20,000 to $25,000 tons less then last year, but since the close of navigation the Great Western Railway has brought in considerable quantities. For the sake of comparison the following table of imports into this city for the season ending May, will be found interesting to the trade and public generally. Soft coal is in two separate columns, one of which denotes the amount brought in for general use, and the other for the use of the Toronto division of the Grand Trunk, Gooderham 72 COMMERCIAL BE VIEW. & Worts, and Consumers' Gas Company. The great falling off in the last coluHin during the past two years is owing to the fact that the Gas Company lias imported a less quantity. Soft Coal. G. T., G. & W., "^ Hard Coal City Trade and C. G. Tons. Tons. Tons. 1874-75 75,204 33,000 44,000 187.')-76 97,798 2.5,000 30,000 1876-77 100,000 26,000 48,000 1877-78 85,580 24,000 48,000 1878-79 95.680 27,000 40,000 1879-80 90,000 18,000 35,000 1880-81 112,000 27,000 35,000 Stocks were never run so low as the season of 1879-80, and in consequence of the high prices during the summer and fall of 1880 orders were held back as much as possible. Some 6,000 tons which were to arrive by water were frozen in by the sudden closing of navi- gation, and will not arrive until the spring. The total amount of soft brought from Nova Scotia this season is four hundred tons. The rail receipts since the close of navigation have been larger than here- tofore. In a pecuniary point of view the business has been better than for several years, but profits have not been large. Retail prices did not advance in a corresponding ratio to wholesale prices, and as stocks were small at the beginning of the season, it can easiiy be seen that no large sums were coined. Dealers were, however very fortunate in being favored with a rising market, and we are led to believe that a profitable business was done in 1880. The number of importers in the city is six, with numerous small dealers. Taking $6 as the average price of hard, f 6.25 for soft, and $5 for manufac- turing purposes, the present season's trade will amount to $1,015,750. The following were the course of prices during the year : Month. January . . February . March April May June July August September October . . November December. Hard Coal per ton. $4.50 to 4.00 to 5.00 5.25 to to 5.50 to 6.00 to $4.75 4.50 5.25 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.75 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.50 7.00 Soft Coal per ton. 6.00 to $5.50 to $6.00 5.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.60 6.50 6.50 6.50 Dealers: P. Bums; A. & S. l^virn; Elias Rogers; Toronto Fuel Association ; P. D. Conger ; C. J. Smith. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 73 OIL. The coal oil ti'ade of 1880 shows a large increase, and while the high prices of the latter portion of the year were hailed with delight by the producer, they gave much dissatisfaction to the consumer. In May last an Act was passed requiring refiners to make an oil of 46 ' gravity and 115 fire test, whereas it formerly was 45° and 105°. This necessitated many alterations to be made in refineries, the getting of new stills, etc., which made it almost impossible for dealers to supply the trade. It is a question with many whether this new regulation impi'oved the quality of the oil or not. We have heard it said that there was never such poor oil placed on the market as during last fall. This may appear strange to the majority of our readers, but it is accounted for from the fact that Canadian petroleum is too light to get the high test required. The result is that a great deal of smoke arises and but a dim light is cast. The gravity of Canadian oil is 32° as it comes from the ground, while American oil is 45°, thereby giving the latter the advantage of cheapness. There is no doubt but that the fire test of 105° would have been amply sufficient for safety had the law been strictly enforced. The trouble arose from too little attention being paid to the carrying out of the former regulation. The high prices which were paid for oil during the fall are to some extent attributed to the new law. A greater quantity of crude is required to produce a given quantity of refined. Another reason for the ad- vance is the increased consumption, which is now about 450,000 barrels in Canada, while the total production is only about 375,000 barrels. Crude petroleum is now used to a large extent in the manu- facture of gas, Toronto using some 800,000 gallons the past year. There are some half dozen dealers in the city, but no refineries. The largest dealers are Messrs. Samuel Rogers ^ Co., who probably handle about half the oil that comes into the city. This firm, a com- paratively new one, has shown considerable enterprise, and now stand high in the trade. They are the only house that bring refined oil to the city in bulk. Seeing the great waste that resulted from the transmission of oil in barrels, they constructed three underground tanks, as well as four oil cars, and experience has taught them that a great saving of oil is thereby effected. In addition to their own four cars, they have in constant use two others belonging to the Great Western Railway, and these six are kept on the move from Toronto to London and Petrolia and return throughout the whole season. The next largest dealers are John Fisken & Co., who have been established a number of years, and are well known in the ti-ade. They have an extensive warehouse on the Esplanade, and have handled a large number of barrels during the season. Outside of these firms not much more than 5,000 barrels are sold by small dealers engaged in other lines of merchandise. The t^ade during the past year amounted to between 22,000 and 25,000 barrels, or about 1,000,000 gallons of refined oil. Sales were chiefly confined to towns along the Northern and Nipissing Railways and as far east as Kings- 74 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. ton. The importation of American refined into the city amounted to about 8,000 barrels. Prices the first part of the year, as will be seen from the following table, were low ; but during the fall there were sharp advances, being somewhat stimulated by an active demand. The year's trade has been a profitable one. The total amount of busi- ness, togetner with gasoline, is estimated at $350,000. In machine oils the Toronto Oil Company are manufacturing an oil called Castor Ine, which is taking the place of lard and seal oils. For lubricating purposes it is considered superior to others, and finds ready sale in all parts of the Dominion. It is made from petroleum product, and sells at a reasonable price. This firm has made a specialty of this oil the last eighteen months, and are now about opening up a trade with England. They also manufacture other kinds of machine oils and report an increased business the past year. The following are the highest and lowest wholesale prices of refined oil at Toronto during each month of the year, and the average price of crude petroleum at Petrolia : Month. January . . February . . March . . . . April May June July August September. October . . . November. December ., 1 Refined, per gallon. Highest. Lowest. $0 18 $0 17 18 17 17 16 16i 15 15i 15 18 15A 20 19^^ 23 20 28 22i 30 27 30 25 26 25 Crude, per barrel, at Petrolia. $1 50 1 50 1 35 1 18 1 16 35 50 55 70 05 2 05 2 00 SOAP AND CANDLES. The manufacture of soap has always occupied a prominent position among the many industries of Toronto. The two large establish- ments now engaged in this business are widely known throughout the Dominion ; and probably, with the exception of a house in Mont- real, their trade is the largest. The business is confined to Canada, and of lat<^ years a large and increasing trade has been carried on with the Maritime Provinces. Manitoba now draws about two-thirds of her supply from Ontario, the other portion being imported from Chicago in spite of the duty. This year's business has been found very profitable. There has never been any fear of competition from the United States, as our manufacturers can produce soaps at a much less cost than American factories. The chief re^ason for this is the consumption of largo (|uantities of chemicals in its manufacture which are entered here free, and on w/jich the United States pay duty. Of IslU* ye^rs the numl)er of facto i*ie8 here have not increased, although each factory has increased its capacity. The competition COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 75 between manufacturers has for this reason been fully as keen as in former years, and prices relatively as low. Many improvements of a labor-saving nature have been introduced, and the facilities for turning out soap are large. The candle trade is apparently decreas- ing year by year, until now it is of very small dimensions as com- pared with twenty years ago. ;,, The firm of Geo. D. Morse & Co. make fourteen varieties of laundry soaps and twenty three varieties of toikt soaps, including transparent, glycerine and Castile. An important feature of their Vjusiness is fulling and scouring soaps for woollen mills. This branch of business has been developed materially the past year on account of the impetus given to the manufacture of woollens. The firm named are the largest manufacturers of toilet soaps in Ontario, and turn out 500 boxes a week Besides soaps, an important addition to Geo. D. Morse & Co.'s business is that of lard oil pressing. They have the best facilities, and do the heaviest business in this line in Ontario, their capacity being 40 barrels per week. They employ 33 hands, and pay $200 a week in wages, they have neither increased nor decreased for the past five years. Our other large manufacturers of soap are Dalton Brothers, whose business has been established forty years, but the present firm have only been in existence ten years. They devote their attention exclu- sively to the manufacture of family soaps and candles, and do a business entirely with wholesale dealers. They use 200 tons of chemicals annually, and report a good business for the year. The de- mand for candles is becoming less each year, and this firm only turned out about 1,000 boxes in 1880. They employ 25 hands on an aver- age during the year. Their manufacture of laundry soaps amounted to 50,000 boxes during the ye.ar. Add to this 60,000 boxes made by the first mentioned firm, and we get 110,000 boxes laundry soap. The production of toilet soap is 25,000 boxes annually. The sales for the year under review aggregated $500,000. DISTILLERIES AND BREWERIES. The distillery of Messrs. Gooderham & Wo; ts, situated in this city, is the moi:t extensive establishment of the kind in the world. The daily production of this concern is 8,000 imperial gallons during the season of eight or nine months. The total production the past season was 2,000,000 gallons of spirits, which represents a revenue of over $1,500,000 to the Dominion treasury during the year, or $7,000 a day. The consumption of this establishment is 500,000 bushels of com, 100,000 bushels of rye, 50,000 bushels of barley, 25,000 bushels of oats, and ten tons of hops. The corn comes chiefly from the Western States, and the other grain is the produce of Canada. This firm employs 100 men, eighty of whom are in the distillery, ten in the malt-house, and ten outside. The coal consumed during the year is 8,000 tons of soft, which is imported from Ohio. During the dis- tUliug season 100,000 gallons of refuse is produced. This refuse is 7(] COMMERCIAL REVIEW. ' fed to cattle, anil is suiBcient for about 5,000 head. The cattle-sheds belonging to this firm accommodate 3,128 head, representing in value ^125,000. Taking ;?1.50 as the average price per gallon, the pro- duce of this distillery during the past year was $3,000,000. There are at present eleven brewers and maltsters in this city, and the capital invested is from $800,000 to $1,000,000. Together they employ from 300 to 400 men, together with indirect employment given carters and others in shipping, etc. There is over 600,000 bushels of barley used in malting ; which would require 20,000 acres to produce it at an average of 30 bushels to the acre, which is a high average. Ten to fifteen thousand tons of coal are used during the season ; and about 25,000 to 30,000 tons of ice, which would take nearly 100 teams and 200 men, working steadily for one month, to cut, deliver, and stow away. The brewing business has improved very much within the last two years, since the collapse of the Dunkin Act and the introduction of lager beer. Nothing positive can be said as to the extent of the increase in this city, but the amount of in- crease for the whole Dominion throughout the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1880, was equal to nearly 400,000 gallons, as compared with previous years. It may bo safely said that the greater part of this increase would be represented by Toronto, as it is the main point for the manufacture of lager beer. The prospects for this year are very favorable, and the increase is expected to be still greater. One firm reports that from the 1st of July last to the 1st of January, 1881, their business has increased over 100,000 gallons, as compared with the same period of last year. The official returns for the United States for the past year show the enormous increase of 81,000,000 gallons, and there is every indication of a still greater increase during this year. It is found that in Canada for the year ending 30th June, 1880, the ciuantity of spirits produced for consumption has decreased by 1,355,888 gallons. Within the past two years, and since the introduction of lager beer, large sums have been ex}Xinded by brewers in buildings, plants, etc. It is thought that altogether there has been nearly $200,000 invested in buildings, $75,000 for casks and kegs, and $25,000 for bottles, besides other fixings, machinery, etc. On account of the high prices of barley and hops the brewing business will not be very profitable this coming season, except to those who w(»re fortunate enough to purchase early, when the prices were low. The total quantity of beer manufactured in this city during the past year was about 2,500,000 gallons, which may be valued at $625,000, and in producing which about 160,000 bushels of malt were used. Brewers : Cosgrave & Sons ; Thos. Da vies & Co. ; Robert Da vies ; O'Keefo & Co. ; Toronto Brewing and Malting Co. ; Wm. Copland ; Spadina Avenue Brewery ; George Severn ; John Walz ; Thomas _AUan ik Co. ; and John Ball. MANUFACTURES. REAPERS, MOWERS, AND HORSE-RAKES. Among the numerous manufactures of Toronto none havt; sprung into greater prominence within the past few years than those of the Massey Manufacturing Company and the Toronto Reaper and Mower Company. These are the only two firms in this city engaged in the manufacture of the above implements. The business of the past year has been larger than was anticipated, wnich is attributed to the general prosperity of the country, owing to the good harvests, and necessarily the better condition of the farming community to meet their bills. Profits ha\e been small on account of the higher prices of iron, which has for the most part been bought in Canada. The demand was so great during the past year that a number of orders had to be refused. In a business of this kind the capital required is large and much greater than the yearly sales. The first-mentioned firm established themselves here in February, 1880, and occupy a h£.,ndsome building at the west end. It is the largest and best manufactory in the country, is three stories high, 350 feet long, and 50 feet wide. Previous to February of last year this concern did business at Newcastle, Ont. They report an increase in business of fifty per cent, during the past year. Their principal trade is in Ontario, but they also send machines as far as Prince Edward Island and Manitoba. With the latter Province their trade this year amounted to $20,000. They manufactured the past season some 1,500 reapers and mowers and 3,000 horse-rakes. This firm have taken sixty first prizes at fall fairs in Canada ('uring the past year. They have in their factory one of Brown's steam engines made in Fitchburg, Mass., and the finest in the country. They employ from 150 to 200 men, and wages run from $1.00 to $2.50 a day, the first-mentioned price for laborers. Their total sales the past year amounted to $250,000. The Toronto Reaper and Mower Company commenced business in 1876, and is therefore a comparatively young firm. The members of tht; Company ure Americans, and it is to the judicious use s>f Amer- ican capital that the business has assumed its present large pro^Mjrtions. The greater number of the workmen are Canadians, and those who are not intend making Ontario their future home. The business of the past season has been nf^t satisfactory, the number of machines turned out being 1,000 more than during the previous season. They manufacture reapers and mowers exclusively. The first year they were in buaiue»8 they turned out 500 machines ; the next seasou 78 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 1,500 ; the next, 2,500; and during the last year, 3,500. It is their intention to make 4,000 the present season, of which they have now completed 500. The busy season is from January to August, and the average number turned out during that period is from 20 to 25 per day. The newest improvement in their machines is the cord-binder, and other features will eventually change the character of their reapers. About $47,000 worth of wrought iron was used during the year, of which $40,000 worth was bought in Hamilton, Montreal, and Londonderry, N. S. This company have the best equipped fac- tory in the country, and make their own bolts, rivets, knives, sections, (fee. The dimensions of their present factory are 600x70 feet, with but one floor, which is insufficient, and they have in contemplation the erection of a establishment more suited to the wants of growing trade. They employ 225 men at an average wage of $1.75 per day, paying every two weeks. The sales for tiie past season amounted to $350,000, to which we will add $250,000 for Massey Manufacturing Company, making a total of $600,000 for mowers, reapers and horse-rakes. , . • - '.. STOVES. _ \!:; V "T'^'\ '". The manufacture of stoves is an old industry for Toronto, and numerous changes have occurred within the past twenty years. The expeiiences of the different manufacturers who have been engaged in the trade are varied ; and while not a few have succumbed to an adverse fate, there were others who were ready to take their places. The present stove-makers, although few in number, have, through diligence and strict attention to business, attained a good standing in the commercial community. Their manufactures are the best in the country, and are fast acquiring a national distinction. We have only two stove works of any extent, viz. : those of E. v^ C. Gurney & Co., and John Harte & Co. The first-named is a branch of the Hamilton house, which turns out the largest number of stoves and grates in the Dominion. Their extension works in this city are on King Street West, and they have in their employ seme 150 men. They do about two-thirds of the business here. John Harte & Co., whose works are on the Esplanaxle, do nearly all the remaining portion of the business. They have been established ten years, and report a very satisfactory business the past season. They make stoves, grates, ranges, castings, base burners, etc. There is a good trade done by these houses in the Lower Provinces, and a number of orders have been placed in Mani- tol>a. A noticeable feature during the past year was the manufacture of a greater number of wood stoves, the demand for which improved on account of the high price of coal. The busiest season for this branch of trade is from July to November. John Harte & Co. manufactured some 8,000 stoves and 1 ,000 grates the past year, and have in their employ al)Out 60 workmen. The total amount of salea of both houses during 1880 is estimated at $400,000. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 79 ■■'V...^^-y:^-^-.. h': .. -v,..,..,- SAFES. .*-'■'■ ■ ^-i ■ ■ -■ This trade during the year 1880 has been remarkably good. There is only one firm in Toronto at present engaged in the production of this line of manufactures, and they have for some years been doing a large and prosperous business. The style of the firm is J. & J. Taylor, who are well kown throughout the Dominion. They give em- ployment to from 75 to 90 men, whose wages average $700 per week. This firm makes a specialty of fire and burglar proof safes, and during the past year have tilled numerous orders from British Columbia and Manitoba for this important class of goods. They also manufacture, to a large extent, articles in their line, such as vault doors, prison cell doors, prison locks, burglar combination, magnetic and time locks, cast-iron, spiral, and straight staircases, and ornamental gallery rail- ings. They are now busy filling large orders for the Eastern Pro- vinces, and preparing others for shipment in the spring. -. ,, .., ', ,^.. ;- ,, : . , SCALES. V..--. There is only one manufacturing and one repair shop in Toronto engaged in this business, that of C. Wilson & Son. They say that 1880 has been altogether the most prosperous year since they have been ir the trade. Their busiest season is from July to February, and they turn out on an average from 400 to 500 scales per month. The principal market is in Canada, but in 1880 they commenced sending their scales to the West Indies. The markets, and with one or two exceptions all the coal companies, are using scales manufac- tured by this firm. They have also filled extensive orders from Mani- toba and Nova Scotia. The give steady employment throughout the year to about twenty- five men. In safes and scales the amount of business during 1880 was $135,000. BOLTS AND NUTS. The Dominion Bolt Company have gained for themselves a high reputation in the manufacture of bolts and spikes, including carriage, tire and stove bolts. This firm has been in business here about eighteen months, and are the successors of the Canada Bolt Company. In this particular branch of business they are the leading manufac- turers in the Dominion. The business of 1880 has been highly satis- factory, and they have been, and are now overrun with orders. To meet the wants of growing trade they are adding new machiues to their already large facilities. The} supply railroads and machinists with their manufacture, as well as the hardware trade. The business extends pretty well throughout the Provinces, orders being received from Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, The Dominion Bolt Company cut up on an average nine tons of iron a day, which they purchase principally in England, the balance being bought in Hamilton. They consume for manufacturing purposes some 1,200 tons of anthracitii coal a year, and very little bituminous. On their COMMERCIAL REVIEW. pay roll at the end of the year there were the names of 100 persons, of whom about 85 were men and the balance boys. The men work by piece, and make from $1 to $2.50 a day. SAW AND LEAD WORKS. : -The Dominion Saw and Lead Works were established in Toronto ten years ago, by Messrs. James Robertson &, Co. They manufacture shot, white lead, lead pipe, colors, and all kinds of mill, cross-cut and circular saws. The manufacture of shot is an important branch, and they compete successfully with the best English chilled. A large western trade is done in this line by the firm named, and numerous Manitoba houses are their customers. The greater part of their metal and lead supplies are bought in England. Business generally has been very good the past year. The revival of the lumber trade has created an increased demand for saws, and at times it has been difficult to supply the demand. Besides doing a large trade in their own manufactured goods, Messrs. James Robertson & Co. also import large quantities of heavy metal, copper, tin, boiler-plate, tubes, etc., for which to supply the trade. They employ 40 hands, and their sales the nast year aggregated some $275,000. PIANOS AND ORGANS. -■^-'.^;^^^^ =''v;: ' There are engaged in the manufacture of pianos in this city five firms ; and although some are small concerns, the business has assumed larger proportions than ever before. About fifteen instru- ments are turned out weekly, and they are of the square, and upright patterns. One firm will shortly commence to make the Grand. Tho demand is increasing, and Toronto is destined to become the head- quarters of this branch of business. The best instruTcents are made at comparatively ^ow prices. The workmen employed are chiefly from the leading establishments of New York. A full-sized square piano can be made from the best materials at from $300 to $400. Our largest manufacturers, R. S. Williams & Son, turn out about ten a week, and they are about extending their facilities. The others engaged in the manufacture of pianos are Mason & Risch, Heintz- man & Co., and Octavius Newcombe, and G. Heintzman. About 150 men are employed, and the business of 1880 is estimated at $300,000. The organ trade of the city has also increased with that of pianos, there now being three manufacturers. These turn out about 600 reed organs, and 18 pipe or church organs a year. The demand has been active, and comjwtition keen, which has led to many improve- ments. The result is that our manufacturers are able to compete successfully with Americans. Daniel Bell & Co. are reed organ manufacturers, and their business has increased to such an extent that they are building a much larger factory. At times they have b(?en unable to supply the ciemand. Messrs. S. R. Warren & Son, and Edward Lye are manufacturers of pipe organs, the former having removed here from Montreal about two years ago. The busy seasons A D VER T Li EM E NTS. James Robertson & Co, 253 KING STREET WEST, TORONTO. i^";^v-ii':g^;<;* "■;■ -i'^-^'iii ; ;_,;': ;,J/V"'^':, '- manufacturkrs op "/';' ;■■■ ^ia,;;,-^ WHITE LEAD, ; - } ; LEAD SHOT, -'..'"ft;^;''- ■":-n:'^:'>\/ ■.- ■ LEAD PIPE, ■:■•;:: ;^P^2T2,j-. COLORS IJf OIL. V) ^/v^l<§K«^ (Circular, Mill, Gang, Cross-Cut, &c. ■ " IMPOETKRS OF TIK PLATE, , !;;. ; GALVAmZED IRO^r, TWJ^ED IROJ^, GAM AD A PLATE, WIRE, IllOJr TUBES, BOILER PLATE, BOILER TUBES, BOILER RIVETS. COPPER, ETC., ETC. COMMERCIAL REVIEW. are during the summer, and just before the Christmas holidays. To- gether these establishments employ about 76 hands, and the sales will amount to somethir j like $80,000 a year. TOBACCO. It is some years since the manufacture of this article was first commenced in this city ; but under adverse circumstances and want of appreciation, manufacturers here never gained that distinction that has been bestowed upon others in other parts of Canada. The company that is now engaged in manufacturing here commenced by furnishing the trade with a superior article, and during the few months that they have been in business they are greatly encouraged by the increased demand for their goods. The Virginia Tobacco Company is a joint stock corporation, chiefly composed of gentlemen from Virginia. The} commenced business in September, 18^0, and turn out some 2,000 pounds of plug a day. Their trade has grown to such an extent that they cannot keep up with their orders, and are forced into adding additional facilities. A better evidence of the superiority of their manufacture could not be desired. All their leaf, with the exception of black, is imported from Richmond, Va., where members of the company reside. They are thus in a better position to get supplies than most manufacturers. At the Industrial Exhi- bition last fall they received two silver medals, two bronze medals, and two first prizes, although having numerous competitors. At present the business is local, the largest part of their goods being sold to the trade here and in London, Ont. They employ from 90 to 100 hands. Some knowledge of the extent of the city trade may be had from the fact that there are some 240,000 pounds taken out of bond monthly by our merchants. FURNITURE. \ ". There are several manufacturers in this city, who do a large busi- ness, and several branch offices for the sale of goods manufactured elsewhere. The most extensive establishment here and in the Do- minioTi is that of R. Hay & Co. As regards the trade of the past year, this house reports a satisfactory one, but the number of men at present in their employ is less than formerly. They manufactured less furniture in 1880 than during the few previous years. This, how- ever, is not due to the falling off of trade, but is accounted for as follows : Of late years, the sale of furniture was restricted on account of the general depression of trade throughout the country. Instead of discharging their workmen, they kept them working through the dull seasons, and filled up every conce'vable space with manufactured goods. When this was done they let a large number of men go, and at the end of the year 1880 they had only some 350 men, whereas they had a year or two previously from 500 to 600. As considerable stock has been worked off, they are beginning to increase their force, and expect to have the full number again before 1881 ^> « Totals Totals for corresponding period of 1879 Increase, 1880. First six months. $ 100, 466 50 245,916 07 51 25 37 00 81 11,402 80 S,214 37 1,781 269 7,877 942 50 44,064 60 89,458 95 2,250 00 410 172.318 47,313 12 3,623 37 236,174 65 7,300 00 2,540 90 2,247 80 548 00 42,531 00 46,117 05 Second six months. $1,068,768 62 884,579 91 I 184,188 71 $ 58,024 44 55,074 70 1,368.821 88 2,638 79 11,926 00 5,333 00 7,034 11 172 20 6,607 00 4,612 09 10,381 28 352 80 4,384 00 28,445 45 1,370 75 7,896 27 325,229 20 869 12 3,828 45 1,624 12 1,469 90 13,470 30 561 73 5,553 74 1,558 09 1,222 01 55,178 63 10,236 45 11,994,076 50 $1,256,645 92 $ 737,430 58 Total. $ 158,490 94 55,074 70 1,614,737 95 2,638 79 23,328 80 8,547 37 8,815 62 441 45 14,484 37 5,554 59 54,445 88 352 80 89,458 95 2,250 00 4,794 00 200,764 26 48,683 87 11,529 64 561,403 85 7,300 00 869 12 3,828 45 1,624 12 1,469 90 16,011 20 2,809 53 6,101 74 1,558 09 1,222 01 97,709 63 56,353 50 $3,062,845 12 $2,141,225 83 $ 921,619 29 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 85 EXPORTS. Statement showing the quantity and value of goods exported from Toronto, as pe" Custom House returns, during the year 1880 : Articles. The Miw. ' Oils, mineral, refined, galls Phosphates, tons Silver ore, tons &M i> Fisheries. Herring, pickled, brls Cod oil, haddock, &c., brls Fish, fresh, all other ^:>Cs • The Forest. Basswood, butternut, hickory, &c M.feet Hop, Telegraph poles, &c Knees and futtocks, pieces Lumber, laths, &c., M , Planks, boards, &c., M. feet Scantling, M f eet , Shingles, M Timber, square, tons AnimcUs and their Produce. Horses, No Homed cattle. No Sheep, No , Poultry and other , Bones, cwt * .... Butter, lbs i . . .1". , Cheese, lbs , Kggs, doz Furs, dressed and undressed . . .. Grease and scrap, lbs .. . , Hides, horns, and skins Lard, lbs Meats — Bacon, lbs Beef, lbs *' Hams, lbs , *' Mutton, lbs " Pork, lbs " Tongue, lbs " Venison, lbs " Sheeps' pelts. No Wool, lbs Other articles u •- o'E Value. $ 4,530 884 130,0631 7,3501 18,328 * "255 5,210 248,877 225 42,444 90 16,739 966 3,768 I ^6 Value. $ 276 281 60 40 30 2,181 8,250 11,654 2,260 941 384,717 50 14,386 8,569 135,652 821 7,054 561 25,846 157 2 10,550 13,809 1,514 31,679 6 11 4 22,780 123,776 5,573 Value. 9 35 2 1 Total. Quantity Value, $ 861 276 41 281 2 60 37 10 790 1,001 705 33,696 10 7,078 4,833 40 30 2,181 8,250 11,654 2,260 941 384,726 50 14,38»> 8,569 773 135,652 103 5,351 739 7,064 1,445 31,172 25,846 640,299 130,255 64.569 7,354 81,517 10,551 32,137 37,745 1,514 31,934 115,133 5,210 5,007.870 248,873 3,350 225 755,905 42,460 1,198 90 15.570 966 355,441 16,739 73 4 38,478 22,780 400,953 123,776 9,341 86 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 'EXPORTS.— Continued. Akticles. Agricultural Products. Bran, cwt Fruit, green, lbs , brls Grain — Barley, bush " Oats, bush " Peas, bush **. Wheat, bush ** Flour of wheat, brls .... " Oatmeia, lbs Hay, tons Malt, bush Potatoes, bush Seeds, other Tobacco leaf, lbs , Vegetables, other Other articles Manufactures. Agricultural implements Books, pamphlets, &c Biscuits, cwt Candles, lbs Carriages, wagons, &c Clothing, &c Cordage, twine, &c Cottons Purs Glass and Glassware Hats and caps India rubber Iron stoves. No... Iron castings Iron, scrap All other Junk and oakum Leather — Boots and shoes, pairs ** Harness and saddlery. *' Sole and upper " Other manufactures . . Liquors — Ale, beer, &c., galls. . Whisky, galls ' ' Other spirits, galls Machinery Musical Instruments — Organs Pianos All others. No R»g8 Oil, ^Is £.3 OS Value. 6,536 5,230 67,161 334,196 39,619 5,211 28 83,548 765 15,885 3.028 41 558 58 819 40 976 36 101 577 9U 2,510 395 4,076 3.293 % H02 Value. $ 1,250 577 1,021, .364 53,88: 2,631 15 22 6,806 205,263 ^6 Value, 9 12 5,711 2,743 2,999 4,552 225 5,749 18 1,933 195 283 19 177 3,349 1,382 130 90 11,652 526 17 281 1,147 12 185 53 808 2,410 12,136 420 1,829 300 1,761 4,590 5,188 721 22 10 10,197 180 2,550 200 2,324 45 9 11 592 ^ Total. Quantity. Value. 2,540 3,822 1.377,1851 14,131 157,811 263,029 7,434 1,073 654 257,469 59 11,883 4 50 76 11 2 3,428 1.840 1,047 4,969 6 6 8 6,694 1,250 7,122 .021,376 5.423 125,636 341,915 40,365 5,255 6,306 205.263 38 99,456 2,743 3,008 5,317 16,110 8,957 41 18 6,041 263 288 888 217 3.349 976 1,382 166 191 U,652 1,303 17 2,605 1,282 2,531 691 645 80S 2.410 16,235 420 1,829 300 ,761 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 'EX.VO^T^>— Continued. 87 Articles. Manufactures — Continued. Sewinff ^nachines, No Soap, lbs Steel, manufactures of Stone, wrought and marble .... Tobacco, stems and cuttings, lbs "Wine, galls Wood, household furniture " Other manufactures of . . Woollens Other articles MiaceUaneotia Articles. Drugs Ice Mineral Water Paper, printing Paper, tissue ... Trees for planting «8 • 9 a OS Value. I 510 15 213 5,456 1,106 10,018 Value. $ 265 301 69 1,802 293 1,572 1,097 383 137,654 63 3,057 404 1,130 n ^6 Value. I 389 485 1,943 1,597 103 Total. Quantity. Value. $ 11 265 9,600 389 811 69 43,656 2,287 269 308 1,886 8,496 3,086 147,775 63 3,057 8 404 1,130 4 EXPORTS FOR FOUR YEARS CLASSIFIED. 1880. 1879. 1878. 1877. Produce of tho mine 1 637 1,326 431,046 859,567 1,895,660 250,880 4,666 $ 1,860 921 179,229 1,279,965 1,734,889 203,912 674 i,'936 69.486 1,148,332 1,634,022 204.044 8,781 25 Produce of the fisheries 7,510 Produce of the forest 92.611 Animals and their produce Agricultural products 785,808 1,151,017 Manufactures 248,526 Miscellaneous articles Total 13,443,782 $3,401,450 $3,066,595 $2,285,497 TOTAL EXPORTS FOR FIVE YEARS. As per CuMom House Returns. Total exports, 1880. " *• 1879. •• " 1878. " " 1877. •* •' 1876. Produce of Canada. $3,373,734 3,345,389 3,000.260 Not pro- duce of Canada. $70,048 56,061 66,335 Grand Total. $3,443,782 3,401,450 3,066,595 2,285,497 1,272,668 88 COMMERCIAL REVIEW, ir-O c© ii5 CJ o t^r»" o Q r-»c ' _ «r-Oc©U5C*ot>- c^oo CO o CN «o ci 00 i-^ ttT 00 cT r>r rt" c<5 cc 1^ ( ► OCiCiccciOiMr-cct coco CO C^ 00 O 00 -^ ■* icjcc^ ■^^c^oeo-^Ti«-Hooeo C5 00 ooocDOii-'iooecoo — CO — t^ociQcC'-'ecr-o ■^t»o>-i t^ooio r-.co i-j^o 00 •^ r^ (N ■* ^ '-^ o o Q »o M t-"' ^ irT »o" ■>* cf cT rC OOp-^lOOiCOOO-^-— lOOOi— ieC»-^Q0505iO'^ C<^© (M^iO ec -* i-i C^ C^C< O 00(N t^O W »— 00 I>.0(N CO t— (N (N -^ ci 00 3 00 00 ■^ 00 ■^ c^ eo o ,„C*CCTf* — iO»O»OCOWit^00CO00-* lO I t^C* 00 (N I —1 1-- m-^ CO cc >— < 00 t^ oi o< — Q0'rt*C4a0 1--iC(NQ'>*'00U5:O-*C^«U5i 0'-HCO-HiOC^TjOi r-osoost^Tfosoot^i^eoooc^c^wst^" 00 «©CCQO — o Q-^QiftC0 cco^r--*Oi — >«eOTtiooco»n)»ocoooc• CO 00 C^o — >oiftOiCi05aor-ccco co»aoeo'<*'-H'^oooO'*e<5^ t^t-o>e»5'^c<'*oo««ir-. - "~ *^ W5 1^ CO i:^ ?o « 5J o -H CO t^ W I— CO cc ■^ CO TjT 00 us" ^ c»3 t^ .1^ U5 l-C tC Q 5p wi" -^ CO oT -^jT o PS cc **r-oooiQ'!fo5o6bii"-?^^t>- i i5 1- r^ « t^ "^ t^ e<5 lO C^ 00I>. NCO'-^ CO a CO M o 8-2 S^ •^ +» ao +a ""^ .S .c8 g"l 1l^'2l'S';^i|| J9 s o COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 89 COMPARATIVE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF CANADA, Value of total Exports, Imports and Goods entered for Consump- tion in the Dominion, with the Duty collected thereon, for thirteen years. Exports. 1 Imports. I Duty. Fiscal year, 1868 1869 " 1870 ♦« 1871 $ 57,567,888 60,474,781 73,573,490 74,173,618 82,639,663 89,789,922 89,351,928 77,886,979 80,966,435 75,875,393 79,32.3,667 71,491,255 87,911,458 1 % 73,459,644 70,415,165 74,814,3y\> , 96,092,971 111,430,527 128,011,281 128,213,582 123,070,283 93,210,346 99,327,962 93,081,787 81,964,427 86,489,747 $ cts. 8,819,431 63 8,298,909 71 9,462,940 44 11,843 ''"j 75 f* 1872 13,045,493 50 •• 1873 ** 1874 13,017,730 17 14,421,882 67 " 1875 15,361,382 12 12,833,114 48 12,548,451 09 12,795,693 17 12,939.540 66 1876 1877 " 1878 «« 1879 «« 1880 14,138,849 22 Aggregate for thirteen years. 1,001,026,477 1,259,582,061 159,527,074 61 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE DEBT OF CANADA SINCE CONFEDERATION. 1867 % 93,046,051 1868 96,896,666 1869 112,,361,998 1870 115,993,706 1871 115,492,682 1872 122,400,179 1873 129,743,432 1874 141,163,551 1875 151,663,401 1876 164,204,687 1877 174,675,834 1878 174,957,268 1879 183,974,758 1880 199.125,323 LOSSES BY FIRE. The following statement shows the total losses by fire in Canada and the United States during the past five years : Canada. United State*. 1880 I 5,194,600 $74,643,400 1879 7,159,000 77,7a3,700 1878 : 5,950,500 64,316,900 1877 29,261,000 68,264,800 1876 9,145,200 64,630,«00 90 COMMERCIAL REVIEW, WHEAT STATISTICS. The following table, showing the estimates of area, quantity and value of the United States wheat crop for ten years, may be found of interest : Years. 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 Acreage. 19,943,893 20,858,359 22,171,676 24,967,027 26,381,512 27,627.021 26,277,546 32,108,560 32,545,899 36,037,950 Yield per acre. Bush. 11.5 11.9 12.7 12.3 11.0 10.4 13.9 13.1 13.7 13.3 Price Total products. per Bush. Bush. 230,722,400 $1 25.8 249,997,100 1 24 281,254,700 1 15 309,102,700 94.1 292,136,000 1 00 289,356,500 1 03.7 364,194,146 1 08.2 4 >0, 122,400 77.7 448,756,118 1 10.8 480,849,7C0 95.8 Total value of product. $290, 310, 323, 291, 294, 300, 394, 326, 497, 460, 411,820 180,375 594,805 107,895 580,990 259,300 695,779 346,424 008,803 597,000 MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF TORONTO, 1881. MAYOR. W. B. McMuRRICH. St.Andrew's Ward. — Aldermen H.E.Clarke, Mitchell, and Farley. St. David's Ward. — Aldermen Blevins, Adamson, and Lobb. St. George's Ward. — Aldermen A. R. Boswell, Ryan, and Walker. St. James' Ward. — Aldermen Love, Steiner, and Jas. B. Boustead. St. John's Ward. — Aldermen John Kent, Irwin, and Fleming. St. Lawrence Ward. — Aldermen Thomas Da vies, Hallam, and Taylor. St. Patrick's Ward. — Aldermen John Ball, Evans and Baxter. St. Stephen's Ward. — Aldermen Crocker, Denison and W. Bell. St. Thomas' Ward. — Aldermen Carlyle, Trees and John N. Lake. TORONTO HARBOR. No. of vessels frequenting the harbor Steamboats loaded , Steamboats light Propellers loaded Propellers licht. .. Schooners loaded Schooners light No. of vessels wintering here Tolls received 'n>tal receipts TotiU expenditure 1880. 1879. 2,221 2,221 645 554 138 110 226 245 47 43 846 1,106 319 163 54 » $6,451 37 $ 8,869 36 9,482 19 11,422 S6 9,461 96 6,n4 93 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. 91 TORONTO POST OFFICE. The following is a comparative statement of the business of the Toronto Post Office for the past two years, ending December 31st in each case : REVENUE. 1879. 1880. Postage stamps, post cards, etc $140,589 00 $151,904 25 Unpaid postage 1,216 96 1,185 99 Newspapers and periodicals from office of pub- lication..: .-...^ 10,992 00 13,372 81 Box rent and keys . 2,626 57 2,045 42 Commission on money orders 2,528 19 2,390 27 $157,952 71 $170,898 74 EXPENDITURE. Salaries..... $55,559 24 $60,268 71 Commission to stamp vendors 4,119 23 4,551 59 Miscellaneous 6,20108 8,084 19 $65,879 55 $72,904 49 MONEY ORDERS. Total number issued 10,884 12,(»2 Value of same $18.3,207 13 ^^208,734 75 Number paid 44,982 50,137 Value of same $1,036,674 23 $1,108,701 74 P. O. SAVINGS BANK BRANCH. Deposits $235,648 00 $2.30,257 00 Withdrawals 193,675 13 195,122 ,30 $429, .323 13 $425,379 30 REGISTERED LETTERS Total number passing through P. O 526, 365 555, 175 DELIVERED. Number of letters delivered 2,068,456 2,190,552 Number of post cards delivered . . 361,400 465,400 Number of circulars delivered 114,192 Number of parcels delivered 31 ,720 Number of books delivered 15,184 Number of samples delivered 18,928 Number of newspapers delivered 766, 792 832, 1 04 Number of dead letters, etc 67,673 82,592 FORWARDED. Number of letters forwarded 6,507,488 6,649,448 Number of post cards forwarded 1,046,344 Number of circulars forwarded 1,117,272 1,. 370,720 Number of parcels forwarded 15,288 32,448 Number of newspapers forwarded 8,703,346 10,488,708 The number of letter-carriers was 35 in 1879 and 43 in 1880, the number of corresponding offices, 261 and 274, and the weight of books in pounds, 370,552, and 368,056. 92 COMMERCIAL REVIEW. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT of the different kinds of Coal imported into Toronto by water : 1878. 1879. 1880. Hard coal, tons 85,571 89,827 70,051 Soft coal, tons f 72,726 36,081 15,481 158,297 125,908 85,532 TRADES AND PROFESSIONS. The number of persons as near as possible that are engaged in the different trades and professions in this city during 1880, was as follows : Architects 29 Manufacturers 193 Auctioneere 12 i Medical Men 124 Bakers and Confectioners lOliPainters 63 Bankers and Money-brokers 8 Photographers 22 Barbers 59 Plumbers and Gas-fitterS. 42 Blacksmiths 57 Printers and Publishers 50 Boat-builders 15 Wholesale Merchants 194 Builders and Contractors ." 162 Retail Merchants 1,491 Cab Owners 24 Banks 12 Clergymen 70 Building and Loan Companies 17 Commission Merchants 84 Insurance Companies 63 Hotel and Saloon-keepers .... 201 Telegraph Companies 2 Insurance Agents and Accountants 135 Consumers' Gas Company 1 Judges 14 Lawyers and Solicitors 158 Lumber Merchants 49 Toronto Street Railway 1 Theatres 2 Total Trades and Professions 3,455 TORONTO WORKMEN. The following statement gives the number of Workmen employed in this city, and the times at which they are paid : At noon every Saturday 663 At 2 o'clock every Saturday 70 At 3 o'clock every Saturday 92 At 4 o'clock every Saturday 1,661 At 5 o'clock every Saturday 402 At 6 o'clock every Saturday 252 Every other Saturday 1,280 Weekly — other days than Saturday 3, 979 Monthly 1,913 Total number employeil ...10,312 PUBLICATIONS. Daily 4 Weekly 21 Monthly 14 * A D VERTlSEMENTi^. 93 ^, D. MATTHEWS m Aw^ptlmmtmm SAMUEL ROGERS & CO. OFFICE : WOEKS: 21 and 28 Princess Street, p. o.Box. 1075. TORONTO, ONT. ADVERTISEMENTS. 97 yiBUilA TOBACCO COMPM OF TORONTO MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY STYLE OF Office ana Factory :-122 mi lU Wellimtoii Street West, TOI^OnSTTO- BEST QUALITIES OF AT LOWEST PRICES. OFFICES : Dominion Bank Buildings, cor. King and Yonee Sts.; Cor. Yonge and McGill Sts.; Cor. Niagara and Douro Sts.; 33 Adelaide St. Hast; Ccr. Esplanade and Princess Sts. All Offices connected with Central Telephone Exchange. - . ELIAS ROGERS & CO., MINERS AND SHIPPERS. r ^ WHOLESALERS AND RETAILERS. ■98 ADVERTISEMENTS. W. H. STOREY S SOH, ACTON, ONT., flove Magactnrerii. The best descriptions of QLOVES A MITTS, in euery variety of material and style, are manufactured by us. We are also Patentees and Im- nTnr»r-\rV» "i-iirsp-i* «v ventors of Storey's Eureka Spring OrOntYS EUREKA Oloue Fastener, Justly acknowledged *"'^"'-» ^ i-vii\ui\r\ j^g ^^^^ perfect fastener in use. SPRING GLOVE FASTEN ER.PAT? a"??/ea^' fiS"' "" '^"''"' ^""' r : ►CSHBI OFFICES: Spruce street, New Yort, U.S.A.; Lime Groye, BirmiBgliam, Eng. NONE qENUI^E UJIlESS BRANDED ' /^>^ (trade mark] ' XfeASTORlNE y.^'^^^vS^ rREGISTEREDl ^^ •.'■,(.'\' '^-""-^ *«fV- LREGI5TERED J y^ '^^^^V' .TO Oi^ ^o^ nV|ttPft a SHERBORNE ST. X^"^ -^^^-^ — ^ XOROfSITO. MERCHANTS, 76 €uid 78 Front Street East, Toronto. ELGIN PORK PACKING HOUSE, AYLMER, ELCIN CO., ONT. Packer and curer of Heavy and Thin Mess and Navy Pork, C. C. Breakfast ,, and Roll Spice Bacon, Extra Sugar Cured Hams, Shoulders, *4 lj2|;,J^ Lard, Pork Sausage, etc., made wholly from The " YoRKB Brand " of Sweet Pickled Short Cut Hama acknowledged superior to any other Canadian Brand. Aylmer is situate on the Air Line Division of the O. W. Fy., in the best hog produobif section of Canada, and in direct communication with Toronto and all points north and cast. ADVERTISEMENTS, 99 Thos. Johnston &i Co., A ^3srD ^-•-'^■-•^-- ---^^ -^'^n GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS. ■'r*;;" . 74 OollMnLe Street, TOBOXTTO. ORDEES AND CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED. #. Literal kimm made to Cisipors of Bntter,Clieese,6raiB,Flonr,&c. OmCE: 23 CHURCH STEET. 1»J^?^ SP^Vf-^ .^y^t^^'« TO muxers, bakers and merchants : Wheat, Corn, Flour in barrels and Bags, V Mess Pork, Beef, '^ Hams, "^^ Bacon, Lard, ^ - Beans, fM^Bjl Dried Apples, Etc., CHEAP, — -- ,. . Delivered at all points. ; Liberal Advances made on Consignments of Wheat, Flour, Barley, Butter, etc. 100 ADVERTISEMENTS. 72 OOLSOBITS ST., TOEONTO, Msale ProvISM ail Comissta Merctats GRAIN, FLOUR, BACON, HAMS, DRIED FRUIT.'.CHEESE, POULTRY, to, HOPS A SPECIALTY. tfr Consignments Solicited. Advances made against Consignments 41 to 47 St. Lawrence Market, Toronto, WH0LK8AL8 AND RKTAIL FROMON DEALER AND CUBER OF BEEF HAMS, Importer of Rennets and Sausage Cases for the Trade. , Clieese, PorX Bacon, Hais, Lard, Dairy PacM Butter, &c., constantly on lanl Afao, Importer of Finnan Haddies, Bloaters, and other Smoked Fish. tSB" TERMS GASH. Mi HAHTE & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF STOVES PARLOR GRATES, HOLLOW WARE, &c. MACHINERY and SMALL CASTINGS MADE TO ORDER. 14 to 26 ESPUNADE STREET EAST. ADVERTISEMENTS. 10^ Lyman Brothers & Co' WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS AND MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS. ,' ' Dice m Warelioiise: i Clieiical Lalioratory and Hills: 71 anil 73 Front St. East, 1 147 and U9 Froit St. East, ;:! TOIiOnSTTO, OlSTT- 3D J3 AT. Bits XIT WHITE LEAD, COLORS (Dry and in Oil), OILS, VARNISHES, DYE STUFFS, and WOOLLEN SUPPLIES, ■ "' Am eyery reiflisite for lie Retail Dmg Me. 104 ADVERTISEMENTS. f ELLIOT & CO., }: DRUG MERCHANTS AND Manufacturing Chemists. OFFICE : No. 3 FRONT STREET. Mills and Laboratory : Beverley Street, , 1 i . _ ■• , ,'-,■..«-■ BfANUFACTUBKRS OF Linseed Oil, Oil Cake, White Lead and Colors in Oil, Putty, Spirits Nitre, Nitrate ;> ; Silver, &c., &c. ,, ^ i i : i ALL GROUND AND POWDERED DRUGS AND SPICES ARE WARRANTED ABSOLUTELY PURE. SUNDRIES AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS IMPORTED FROM THE BEST MARKETS. Eyery Remuremeiit of tbe Retail Dm Trate. f t_ «UL »«!?A DETAILED CATALOGUES ON APPUCATION BY THE TRADE. COOPER 5 SMITH MAMFACTUREfiS, MPOfiTEES AND WHOLESALE DEALERS i3sr 36, 38 AND 40 FEONT STEEET WEST, ^ [IS HOUSE was established in 1850 by Mr. J. D. Sessions and ^^^^ Mr. V. E. Carpenter, under the style of Sessions, Car- P^t ^^NTE» & Co., in a modest way. It has from the first made \^ steady and satisfactory progress, and is now doing the largest •*■ business in the line in the Dominion. Though Mr. Sessions died in 1868, and his interest in the business ceased from that date, yet his name continued at the head of the firm unta last year, when the style was changed to that of Cooper & Smith, Mr. Carpenter having previously retired. Messrs. Cooper & Smith's Factory and Warerooms, on Front Street, are large and commodious, and some idea of the extent of the firm's ope- rations may be gathered f-om the fact that it employs upwards of 500 hands in manufacturing, oesidos purchasing very largely of ready-made goods, rubbers, etc. All the goods manufactured by Messrs. Cooper & Smith are stamped with their own name, and have acquired the highest reputation with the consumer. None but the best material is used, and only the best work- men are employed. Remember the Address, _ S6, 38 and 40 FronUStreet West ^R«^*i*^w vn^^ M%^n *w^w SMITH SKEIBHLEY IMPORTERS OF ai!.-»S -'V' '_L' IEj ^c3. is t-C- 'JV-^C' BAST Aim WEST IffllA PEODDCB, 9 FRONT STREET EAST, TORONTO, WOULD CALL THK ATTENTION OK THE TRADE TO THEIR NEW AND WELL-SELECTED STOCK OF m ALWAYS ON HAND. ■-' :=^ > (»)(*>\4/ S"i ■*—^SJ — r«^ -A.ILSO, G-reen and Black Teas I A' GREAT VARIETY, TO SUIT CL09E BUYERS. A. M. SMITH. W. W. KEIGHLEY.