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Tous les autres exempiaires originaux sont ffiimAs en commenpant par la premldre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles sulvants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microffiche, selon ie cas: ie symbols -^ signiffie 'A SUiVRE", ie symbols V signiffie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre ffiimis d des taux de reduction diffff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, 11 est ffiimd d partir de i'angle supArieur geuche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 NERVA ^"X,, OH A COLLECTION of PAPERS jPUBLISHSb IK I' I ,>ij ii'H. iii9itl» ^1 ^y^itb ,■ I ' I fiyiii I ' igaaaraaasaajfeBB HEPRINTED BY PARTICULAR DESIRB, Etkhontm fritstrtt cum jam cutis ccgra tutnehit, Poscenita vukas. VENIENTI OCCURRITE MORBO, I Printed bt wiluam oAAf* i# .*■- '. ... -Vj. ftiiagNttnifitTftiiiie ItfUveao tokftrw ui^dcr wbom all Aung* art foi bidden and criminal ; but a still greater, to hava one, ondei: iifaom ill Mtig in f^ - alIow«<(. Fot i* the former ease» iikjiHm >ro(jcyi from^ aii indiridual; will the latter, ibe oppraisoci are irniumerable and continoally changing. All mho tiien aicquire a momentary aicendancy, become tyrtints^ the more eager diat their power ihould be felt, as they know itAdaraUoo will b« short. Speech rf M.Jumm. . > ;!ii>'-' MHMS: ' HPyJMis*} ,,.V''"W>|iii»~*' 1 •* ■";a^- .m \ \ NERVA* e% J COLLECTION OF PAPERS PUBLI$HED THE MONTRfiJL H^^Ifi. . **The thing which f /, h that which hath heen^ at:d there is no ntfW thing under the fun.** IRELAND, in 1798, by the vigour and firmnefs of the administration of Lord W^STMORLANQ, had feen tranquility fucceed to di8turbance.T— TT'Thc, feditious in office were deprived of their employment-.. — Tne agents of disaifed^ion were reftrained and puniihed, and the executive a^ed upon the jull convi^ion, that to ^em^porise with the turbulent would be to enr courage then^ip At thi? peripd, Earl FitzwilHam succeeded to the vice-royalty, who. probably with an intention of conciliating ?yery refractory fpirit, and of re- moving every obstaclt to unanimity, adopted a courfe of measures d^aqietrically oppofite to thofe of the former viceroy. He reftored to higher offices thofe who had been displaced^ and feemed to ponsider thofe who had fallen under the laHi of the former adminiflration, as peculiarly entitled to preferment under him ,• forgetful that a^s of tfl , /i;4 ) '% Government (hoiild be permanent, consUtent» -^ and re^ipedted, although Governors might be temporary : forgetful alfo .th»tt to single out, as objeds of parQcutar preference^ perfons particu-i ' larlr obnoxious in his predeceflbr'sadministratioi" - would be to render the censure of the executive in future, a fubjedt of contempt, and that subse-,^ qu^nt gpy.^^^QJJ^t V fpllpwing.his exan^ple wouid be taught to fCOjQsl^ei^hii^ censure as a matter of* indifFerence,' If not a cause for advancement. ^ ^ Yet Earl Fitz-^lliiafla.'& n^eafures, however pro-^/ mising, in fpecufation, failed to p»-oduce the de-' sired eSeA in their execution^ * He mot with iio' gratitude from thofe he pronipted, and no sup- port from fhe partizans of their ancient cabals.f the former^ with natural felf cfomplacency, im-^ puted their advancement to the neceflity felt by government for their services ; the latter to its timidity or weaknefs. The latter therefore con- didercci tliis first fuccefs as an earneft of future fortune, when they alfo fhould make themfelves feared* A pedod of diftiefft and danger fliortly after arrived, when Ireland was menaced with imm*. diate invasion, by a l^'rench force, and was the aufpieiouk season chosen by this patriotic band, (most of whom had been reftored to their offices andmany of w^'Om were members of the Irifh houfe of commons) for the great difplay of their talenta, and the chief exertion of their ilrength, in opposing the willies and desig.is of govern-, ment. Headed by a party leader, who, like the of fome modern diwagogi rcpubli ..? ■ K I V.f "■** ^'1*' '•■■"»'■* •^'^ . ihowt ^ X li: ihftut for rights, while he was 'ntpnt on fubvVting all rights but his own, and who imputed alkbc misfortunes which took place in tl e Irilh infkr- re■ .:,<%•?' * See fpeeches in the Irifh Houfe of Commons* f See proceedir^s iu Dublin in 1798. ,: ,. - \ •*v ..A- ,^':--l: :.;. ■;.- ./ ->...■*: .»■' ■' • • >' / I '■.». X. i « ) once »^c prerogative of the Crown, the dignhf I of !•?£ Upper Houfe, and the independence of i^ the Judiciary, could be kept in order on-ly by t the resiftance, and not by the conceffi.*n6 of theii executive. That to silence the most clamorous ' by grants of power or place, would be to raife / up an endlefs succeffion of new claimaints ot evr qual avidity, and that no Government can f x- * pedl to have faithful fervants, if the path of fedi- i tion be the road to preferment ; and if it^ Javifhes its best rewards on thofe who havcf moft effe<^ually obstrudled its meafures. It waj^ considered that raising his enemies to power,^ had cod Charles the ist his kingdom ; that th«.t conceffions of Louis the i6th to the national t * convention, were the caufe of his ruin ; and that ; rulers to be long lov^d muft alfo be feared—:^ VV hoever is feared by none, can proted: none, and what motive can exift for attachment to a Covernment incapable of affording proteiftion^j,; ; :¥' "■■^\% '.f4^'%t^;: .J,,^-t^ih. ■.'J N. B, As the consideration of IrifK affairs of recent date is not without interest, it will be re-^ " jumed occasionally. 'i*\ ?«_' fia- * March ^ 1813, ^fi r.v If ■f» W II- ir&.t tg,-!;:*; n4;:i^^.;^«-^ U^/iMi:^^^-'^ r}'-^^ ■ .'^v -vtXt #A.vt/ -4 '■■ No. :ii,cji" r:4 "Hi'. ^ i^3'.:„;^ •f;.;.-^ \ N "7 ii 7j ^J K i^f- '^i'^ :vi:D ttiij^'jV; T'-:.' f t' t 'Y' ',« ' .:'*:?^rtN6. II.J .<• c- ^ •1>.? (!^ ^Tbe thing which is, is that which hath heen^and \\^ there is no new thing under the fun** , '*al V- ' . ■ • ■. ■i**^r'-' ■-'•♦-■* V' ,>' '■'•.■.,, ' •/ , AFTER tlielapfeof a twelvemontn, during which indifpofition has allowed no extrane- ous concerns, to mingle with peifonal fufferings, we feel with returning health, a renewalof the in- ^?^ere (I excited by the fituation of others, andNER- *' VA, according to promife, rcfumes the confider- ation of Iri(h affairs. -^ ' x* ^ ' -^^ , i r i^ The enlightened and judicious' biographer of ^#the younger _^itt, beftows fevere and unqualified i cenfure on the adminiftration of Ireland under Earl Fitz-William, while the friends of the lattef have endeavored to palliate the errors they could not deny, and to juftify his motives where t ey ^ could not juftify his meafures. But we as/o//V/- cal enquiries, ought only to examine his conduct to determine whether the blame of his cenfors be i merited or unjuft ; for of his motives we muft e- i ver remain in ignorance, and were they even 1 known to us, they are confiderations with which • ■we could have no concern, becaufe the fubje£t t of our enquiry is not the chara '. f \ , V. ( 9 ) l^ Originally have been improper, would notproduced^^jT greater evil than that which it (hould be intended ^ to corred. His proper path had indeed been marked out for him, and evert obflrudion and difliculty removed by Lord Weftmoreiand, whofe' labours had they been turned to advanti^, would' have enabled his fuccefibr to purfue with perfed eafe and fafety, a courfeatottcc confiftent with his own honor, and with the dignity of his gov- erntnent. Yet thefe advantages were overlooked or Jefpifed by the Earl who, like fome rulers, in whom vanity has predominated over judgment^ difdained to goverp in any refpeft, according to the prefcriptio* or example of another In con- fequenCe, he was fpeedily furrounded by men of principles, avowedly inimical to the juft and long eftablithed prerogatives of the crown, who were theobjedls of his peculiar notice, and moftgra- cioufly received at his table and his court. Situ- ations of truft and power were accumulated upon individuals unknown before in departments of (late, and incapable, as well as regardlefb of the |)erformance of their official duties, while their Rapacity was fo infatiable, as to force from the un- willing viceroy himfelf, the obfeivation, that if England and Ireland were given to them as e^ tates, they would ask for the IfleofManask kitchen garden. ^ A viceroy with the affiftanc^ of affiociates, de- jpendants, and companions of so unufual a caft, it would be natural to expedl would differ in prin*- cipleand in 'action from moft reprefentatives of Royalty. And the event fully juftified the expec- j^ tatien. * >lsj,=i?. .V- • - ■•■■ v/ » , ii I I*' ■ , .) I Ji ?5' ','■■> ',' iV ^.*,,A\, 1i*l i TJ19 Goncilmtion of the worthlcfs Vcame^ j^a^rimary objed an4 WceiHiyi was CQ^fidered tij/dprinqipal means, 'r V SI'^t 3 / In tbis fpirit, diiTafFec^ion was in fomc cajfei^ iuffer^dto purfqe fts work unmolefted ; and in €»lhers where the fentence of the law had beeq ibrmally pronounced, the punifhment was rcmit- tjtd.in a manner which expofed the admiaiftration of juftice to obloquy and induced the ignorant, to confider all reftraints upon licentioufnefs as ad^ pf oppreflion. We lameiit that he was not aware ^at in times of diflliculty, to lefTen the Majefty of ^hc larws, is to endanger the rights of the throiie^ which .he wasfent to defend ; & to fubyert the fof cial prdcr- which he was bound to fupport. We iapi«nt alfo that he b^d no friend at hand to {\igr gefl; to hi;n, and no reflexion to convince him, .3iat conciliation is not the neceflary confequence ofconceiTipnT The lellbns of hiftory, or a know- ledge of the human heart would equally fhow that they are feldpm cauie and effect. All who irom principle are interefled in the prefcrvatioa of the power or dignity of government, mifft leel irritjated by conceffions in favour of tlirhulence or feditlpn ; and the favour of a few hcartlefs adher- ents, woul'l: be dearly purcliafed by the facrifice of the good opinion of the enlightened and the loval. He who carri,?s his fyfkin of conceflion fb far a3to fkcrifice or offend friends of tried fidet- ky. for the acqui^.tion of doubtful or dangerous ^herents, may if he pleafes dignify his condud ;by the name of conciliation, but will not have "niuch cause to rejoice in its refult, or to congratu- ,a#j'?Ai- ft Urc ■»^, '^, ... .iJVj :. -. >•■''- ■i.fi\..\'^t - , "4. , • •.- ■:^W' y ■■%. i^ ■■•?■-■ ■'* \ *« ) V'"'. ,.:. , • ■ '• -.< " \ ' . > V • Vf- , 'i ■■■- * late hi mfelf upon the effeds of his increafing po* f pularity. He may indeed be uied by the people " ;is a tool for a time, but will certainly be throwij i. iifidc even by his greateft admirers, as wanting i edge or power ; the moment the faction he hri$ ' protected and advanced (hall find him unwU* ' ling or unable to promote the intsrefts of a diC> organizing democracy ; or in other words (hall *• find him unable or unwilling to aid in deftroy- } ing the legitimate rights of the crown. Whether the viceroy was influenced by feel- '*■ ipgs of perfonal refentment, of contempt, or V of envy, towards his vigorous and energetic • predeceffor, or whether his conduct was the re« ^ fult ot timidity, the biographer does not fay ; but allows him to make his elediion between the two imputations of malevolence or of weakncfs. The adminiftration of the Earl thus commen« ^ ced was continued in a manner which evinced that alteration was at leaft one ol its obje^s ;— ' Whether improvement was another muft be left to the difcovery of his friends, for we are forry "• to ftate, that our refearches have, as yet left ' us, without information in that particular. ,. . V-.,. -. «„■ <: NERVA. lylqntrcal^Feh. %^^ 18x4. '.J**' ii ■ A H'',, fi I ¥ :i.;, -Jr . -4 c It 'Si', m 1% w j; V. ', I ;■ ^. i^^fl^i^ ^r-.v .?!! '%JM-''. r^««ii •'•t*5?^«^ '^/' '♦^ '■ - iri, - ■ ;■■ - .■' V . - ■ \ _.: ' ^ '.■<-:''>'■' '. '<-, .»• --A ■■ ^ - •>. : •■■■ ,. '*.y': t*!fk^ ■t ^>i^ /-> # !*•''-*• -~ ■■■»■ • f' '.* • •-• *' # .1. iShjJ ::*":;*' vV^. '■'J' 'fi:::'' -<■■*■ '; J'?!-: ■( (^m^ tf?'.».^\.v f y,.|i^-iJrfes»tKr^^|i4l«|;'f: ''"l^&i.j'^i^.tSjS ;r^ ■ "■ i'\ , >i .^<- j^^ «* 7^ /i&iw^ «'i&/Vi& I'j, // that wbicff baih heff^ ^ and there is no ne^ ibtng under th^Jun* For ^fjbe children of Belial went up againj^ the inbab^ .JUnts of Mount Sier^ and when tb^y had made an end of Mount Seir^ they all hel^d$c^ ^^'^ one another:' V ^^^2,. f ^>..-ii.,. «-..:ii*V..-;^'-'' NIRVA ^gain, relu^aiitly, bu^ t| a duty, r^ sumes the conftderation of the misfortunes ^nd troubles in Ireland--^fubjei^s ill calculated to afford f^tiffaction ; b^t, a| a check to our diflike of (^iftreiTmg topics wf may reflet that the draught ;«rhich contril^utes moft to health is often leaft pl^afant to the talle, and that the contemplation and inju^^iqe of paft tinges, may not be una<;companied with advantages. In the moft celebrated convention of Ireland, known by the napie of the Back Lane Parlia* inent, afalffsand acrimoniQUs libel was drawn up againft the cftabliflied authorities, whi9h they ftyleid ^petition tq His Majefty, and cauf- cd to be prefentcd as fuch by five of their deleg- ates. In the public alTemblies of the fame country the fcditious few, who ruled and guided the fXiindsoftlie ignorant many, by exciting and (Umtilating the jealoufics of the envious, the brojeds of the ambitious, aad the fears of the ' --• ■ . ■' ' n«* If >)L. # i '&■(■; /■-■■ •/■ (/U ) ^Xinprincipled, raifed a general outcry In favoi / of chaogc, and the fubvci-fion of an ancient order. It wouWbe^ifficult tD persuade tke cau'- tious and refieCfifi^^ thit alteration neceflaiily implies reformation ; and they would, be care- *15f^ never to coritoUnd change with itnprovement V-^Yet change wilf always pbiFefs attrax^iions f '»r *^ftf?* multitude, bttcauft in their apprehtnficms r'it will always fcem to prbmife wealth to the tj^oor, dignity to'th^ meth, and authojrity to "the weak. , - But it requires no puny effort to effect a "••cliattge and bvertUrri the eftabfifliecT order of * things ; to fdlc Tot tli*e profligate th« atcumu* Fattons <^^ the ittdiiftrtoti^ dnd InV^ the vHe ^\yifh the dijgriities'Cf h6ridUr, ih jg^vehiments, *■ Where the courts cfjiiftici^^ #t^h'A ^flAi and ^ ftfeady hand, oppofe the prdgrds Weortfirfion ^ atid innovation. iTie tbnd of fociity within ^ftlFelfj the tie l^hich eohne^s foreign iiations wi^h e^ch o^htr, the fourcc of fccufiify to the * wealc Vgkihft the eiVcroachments of the ftrong/ •"•the chara6:eriftic which diftinguifhes the civili- ^zedfrorh the savage, the fupport of order, pow- ^'ler, dignity, happinefsand indepcndance, either *"'cxl^ in, Qfr arc- formed, foftercd, proteded %3Kit! eTie0uraged by th^ adrniniftration of juftice. This was feen, felt, and undeiftood, by the fe- ^ '4*^ioils in Ireland, and to remove To formidable ^^ ;i barrier to the promotion of their views, they *^' formed thfe deilgn (a defign wild in conception, ' great in extent, infamous in priRciplc, and laz^r^ous'm execution) qF crimiaating not a *i 5t)? •* /an. ,;• '■23^ -If.. •Jipir'.. ;. * ■j^' V M ^'i^'- ■tii ^ 1 M --^y. '. -k ^ar^/^ JuJge^ not^ finglecowrti hut, in on? iq^ difcriininate and undiilinguinied mafs, a//tKe^ court vofjuftice iathe kingdom of Ireland. [a\ It is a rational curiofity which prompts U8^ even where evils will not admit of repnedy, tQ. enquire from what caufc they fprung* ^nd with what dcfignsthey were perpretated:— Here little labour of refeareh iancceflary to obt^^n the. information. In. ^ the univerfality of this^ro-, scription we difcover its obje£b Its caufe, ob-^ jed, and tendency, could be but '* ONE Ai^D. I NDi V I s I ftLE," Or if thofe who have charity, even more than fufficient to cover all theit fins, and who will never fuppofe improper or crim- inal motives for the conuniilicn of any atrocity however flagrant, — coulcji pofTihly imagine it& }eaufe^nd objeft to have other tik^n revenge and anarch^^u;enc}en(;yj^o^d p rei^ig^iw^ i^iiXY' Ireland has. long, and we believe jun:Iy,bcefi confidered the country of bold adventure and ??W^ ^t^*!^ft?^J ^m V9ftfi^Sl|%5fpeci- (n) The chancellor of Ireland, Lord Clare, at the conclusion of speech which ha« been characterized as being "* not only r masterly display of munly and im| ressive eloquence, bu( as a monument 0*" genuine pafiotisni," observes, " that the Irish had lately had recourse to a new revoliitiona*y engine. When it was found that the protection aflorded to the witnesses, ma- gistratcsi and jurors, Misured ajid estaWislied the operation of the laws, a scheme was devised to abuse the administra- tion of justice. F.very man concerned in that administrafiou was held up as the most corrupt, tyrannical, and profligate I'l'! characters ; the truth whs perverted, the most scandaloiJ* n.'.srepresentations were mafle of the conduct of ihe CotirtiV i.i rl the whole force (tf the uniou was bent tods.'* ,"W 'r ii J' ^^^'': '.;. '..y ttl^fi of licentxoufncfs, which ^as at that timt Withoot precedtnt or parallel in any other cotin*' Ir^, as at once original and advcut'rous. In othei^^ cottntrie& confUiion has been introduced by flow ibid btten impefceptible gradation ; but the I* im cnthusiafts preued it Onwards with "Tuch A* Bllfce of impudence, as had never glared tipoA I thi v^lroirid before " In bther countries the pio-| Aeirt to the army of miflrule Vlftre contented to^ b^in theiif attack upon oi-der, by lopping off thd young and tender (hoots ; but in Irebnd^^^" they boldly applied the axe at once to the mai^^ ^jfy and venerable trunk. Yet we would not re-*n commend the plan for iiliitation—-lbr it has now^ loft the merit of originality, without becomingf more eafy of accompliihment— ^it exhibits too Wide a range Of hoftility, for the exertion of. Concentrated vigour. It ihows too furious a' rage, to injure, not to call forth in oppofition,* . ibe energies of the virtuous, and to roufe into'^ action even the meeknei's of the peaceful. '^ ' Could the Party Leaders in Ireland imiigine^t Ihitt'the men of fober reafon & calm refledtioii, in any country ,would be induced to believe, that all knowledge of the ■ y\ and all love of juftice^ had, on a fudden, fc Tiken the courts, their proper fan£luary, in" ' vjer to enlighten and to purify the minds of ; .%- jvil jr the illiterate ? Could the reflecting ima Ine, that he " whofe grace pafTeth all underflanding," had in an in- ftant beflowed upon his ele^, the Democrats «>f Ireland, that wifdom, which, to lefs favoured mortals, comes but a€ the fruit of fludy, or the ^. r.i . -■^^ . .; V ^ Vi' / ■ , ' ' 4- f'tf ) - ■< ' ... .a: kV V ■*'. -V-fe, '■A.>» teflon of cjjpcrience ? Could tney fupposctliat Heaven, aftT baving hardened in its wrath, thi hearts ot the Irilh Judges, had fent its ** myftf^' dove," to fettle on the heatds of tie fa(fi:ious ? (If) ^ "* AVduld not the jbdicidus and coAfiderate, on "' the contrary, be Induced to believe, th^t thof^-.y •whofe (ihafi(^er and fortune are at ftak6; who(e. „ aim in fcience is n(^t to fubferV-e the interefts oF * ai> iodividual, but toprnriiote the common good,.; and dire£l ti e geileral couife of j'lftice ; w ofe > tyranny could procure for theraTelvcs no pe>fon-!. "^ al advantage ; w'lofe fi'^^'».tiori leaves them no- , thing to ho; e, but every ihingtb fear, from in* furre(Sion and diftiirbance, — would not, we re*^*^ peat, the judiciou.- aid confiderate believe, that.; fuch n^en wefc entitled to tonfidence imd defer-*" ving of attachment ? .Would they not fee with alarm, by c!)arad:ers of what caftit was defir^d, ' to fupply the places, wliich thofd who then held , them, bad fo long and fowoithily filled ? And, would they not look with contferhpt or abhor-" rence, u]:,on the clamours or accufatioils of thofe who were without c^aridler or fortune to beyl loft ; or whofe iims in fcience were mertlv felf*i ifh and venal ; or to whojt; cnange ortly held out ■ profpe(fls of good, witho^> a counterpoife in tlie „ fears of evil P^Such. ther?*^ln bcnoddubt, would f be the feelings of fhe w . >*and fuch were^ in^ Ireland, the feelings oi^ul who vyere honorablej. in rank, eminent in learnings and rcfpectablc:- in worth. But they confidered it their duty *i <■ \ly'//*_v«^ . 2". ■ ^^^ ■ 1 ■ •■ :."f>-'\' not. ed. [b]TIicse are my beloved children in whom I am wull pleas- ■' I •itSk'-''* l ■ '"!'. 'It * I I U : . ( 1^ ) ; xi6t to confine their fentiments and approbation within their own breads. They came jrublicly forward to refcue from undeferved afperfioiis, the entire body : of the judiciary, compofed of men, whom pail fervices had entitled to grati- tude, whom experience had taught wifttom, whom age had rendered venerable- or for whom talents and worth had i'ecured high and peculiar eftimation. -The Corporations, Grand- Juries, Nobility, and Gentry, vied with each ottier in aJdreffes ; fome intended for the throne, and others prefented at the judicial fittings, expref- five of their refpedtand confidence in tneir courts, their equal attachment to the laws, and their adminiftration ; and their earnell defire, by ev- ery exertion, to give (Irength and permanence to both. . -r^ni- ,'-h.^- ;;^. ,.^ Let us hope— not with the confidence of fol- ly, but with the diffidence of the wife, ever rea- ^ dy for new exertions, if mw calls (h^ull make them ncceflary — that their virtuous ef- forts may not prove ineffedual — that their pat- riotic wifhes may not be difappointed — ^and t; at when peace from foreign enemies fliall a- gam wave her ** glad Olive" over the fons of Erin — tlie machinations of inteftint foes mav not difturb their enjoymeat of the bleffings of domeilic tranquilicy* ■•*:■' — .!•*•• ■ p; -v ■,#••>•# . .«>■• ■ . r^' ^ ' • p^' „ ■ *t '>■•*. l-.:(K NERVA. A5,a „^T^' H^.: ■■«t^ No. J" < < 4i> -. 'I'/ r/v. "-'^ .!.>»" ' / " ( *9 ) •'• .< ' :'(• '} -'U :i.. ■ • . ;*f« ■; V: [No. IV.] v^v. '■■.•A- 4^fl- ^iV '*,'» J' 716^ /i&i»^ wZj/VA fj, // that which hath heett^ I isf there is po new thing under the Sun. NERVA has written of the " days of other years," (to ufe the exprrflion of a Poet, {a) of the firft among nations in learning and in virtue) and under the repeated aflurances, that his fpeculations have not been uninterefting, he ; offers a continuation of his obfervations upon Iri(h affairs In the lail number, fome allufion* were made to that convention known in Ireland by the name of the " Back Lane Parliament," and with fome conjectures refpe^ing this body the prefent number will commencerV f > i Let us fuppofe that the Back Lane Parliament, (which we will charitably imagine to have been at leaft as good as the long Parliament, or thal( which was known by tliediftinguifhf^appellatiqn of the Rump Parliament in Lnglc^'d) had been the third branch of the Legiflature in 'Ireland, and as fuch had paiTed an act wiiich it haich • they themfelves might claim, they were entitled to, not abfolutely, fep'-rately, and independant- ly, but relatively, dependently, and in connex- ion with the rights of oth^srs, and with their own duties ? Sedition has too often appeared in the guife of patriotifm ; treafon linder the mask of l(»yalty, for me^e pretence to obtain credit ; — and if the mode and tendency of a cl ange fhall be pernicious, and it the time when it is endeavored to be effeded, fhall increafe the evil, and if in frantic zeal for rights, the in- Shl^ MMMniaMi^MMiyib 3 I lome upon iuch terms, who hold the profpcri- J f •«^ • i . • r H ) ingsof delegates in Am..;.„r,^._ ,ti.i- •s**'- . '■r- . ■■.-,.'_ "■>. '. "Vv ■ ^.^.•% -3 ■■';;'-%s4i4. ? ■''^^:. ■•^4 ?-> ■.•'-4*s^^. ,:»^^- -v^'^^ ^^'^^ ■H, \NJ- vN'. ^. •-4' Vf'^J^• V V V— •■•J*-'?! Va '^**, f ■^>se%.-,^ ■.uA ^ ■c-^.,^--'} ■•«^..,\„.> t;.- .s ^-^■*%Y~j;-\, aaa.\ (-.' ' "'' 'f '"^«nt't zeal for rights, the in- no* -~J ■/ i 4. 1 ■ H *:'^\ { *f ) ><^- ■♦■T./: ^'^'- hbvators Hiall be reganliefs o( propriety, qecen-« cy, and duty; — every mm in his Tenfes m lit' fuppofe the intention to be infamous. The ju-' dicious will not he influenced by profefTions,- when they can judge by fa .V- ■ ■■S'.v. , > /..•,?/ . Vi [No. v.] ** The thin^ iz^hich //, is that whicb hath beeti^ Ij there is tio new thing under the Sun,".. IT was ofrcn declared /n trehmdby the aflb- . -ates ofNappcr Tandy, that ** any kind of reform might do fometiiing to pleafe, tut no- t'.ing to f'atisiy ti.t people — it would pleafe, in- afrnuch as any reform once made, would make every reform afterwards more eafy. It might t\en be expedcd to move on from GRADU/iL to TOTAL." — Volumes have been written u- pon t^^e alnifc of words, and the neceffity of udng them according to their fettled, common, and determinate accept tion. But fome depar- ture from eftablilhed rules in the ufe of lan- guage ought not to excite f jrprife, fince we have long ceafed tc view witn aftoniOiment, de- viations from propriety in conducl, wherever interell or party is concerned. '1 he whole art ufed by many demagogues to acquire popula- rity and obtain fupport, has been the perpetual ufe, and conftant mifapplication of certain terms of magical influence ; indeed, among the illi- terate and the vulgar, but to many of which, the undei Handing of the ignorant, is inadequate to annex any accurate, precife, or definite idea :— -Thus tlie name of Liberty, as proftitut- ^d by democracy, has no other fignlfication thaioi 'jv'' l> '. / > ' ;-( ?S )■ . ' than Hcentioufncfs and anarchy. Reform bci comes fynonimus with change or alteration, rights fignify freedorn from all legal reftraints, and exemption from duties patriot — " in de- mocratic fenfe,** II m% *" " Mej^ns one who labors to fupplant his prince Qne, who *• Maintains the multitude can never err. »» « And feafs the people in the papal chair. »» And by the multitude, or the people, is un- derftood, not the quiet, innoffenfive, fubmiflive, and induftrious community, who meddle with no concerns except ti eir own ; — but the dif- contented few wl.o are fiagitioufly feeking for power, or malignantly endeavoring to fubvert It. It ought however to be conftantly borne in mind, t'atin all countries tl:e fpirit and princi- ples of the difcontentcd few, have ev^ dually pervaded, and will alwavs Inevitably pervade, the mafs of the people, where the weakncfs or fi'lly of the executive has removed or IcHencd the falutary checks of eflabUflied power. And principally, and moft' fatally, will this efTcd be produced, w' ere the imbecility of the executive fhall have carelefsly fuffered, or wantonly pro- moted, the degradation and difgrace of judicial autbority ; an authority, which, as has been iliewn from the experience of ages in all civili- zed countries, and in all eflabliflied govern- ments^ it is elTential to prcfcrve amongii the firfl in rank, extent, permanence, and influence ■ ' Fort! ipffj *, i- M i)r be lal iili- lin- Ithe ICf > ('^9 ) :. Fortunately for Ireland its connexion with Great * 1 ritain aflforded hope of ultimate fecurity, and the removal of Earl Fitz-William, although lefs fpeedy than was wiftied, and too late to prevent injury, was yet fufliciently early to allow his fucccflbr to arreft the progrcfs of evil. Let us -ftrip the declaration of the aflbciates of Napper Tandy, before quoted, of the difguife which is calculated to miflead. This may be done with no further trouble than that of fubftituting for tlie words " reform" and " people^'' thofe which have been mentioned as fynonimcus in the mouth of a democratic patriot, The whole , will then be unambiguous, will convey the pre- cife meaning of the fpeakeis, and will ftand thus ; — Any kind cicbtufge might do fometlnng to pleafe, but notliing to iatisfy \.\\t discontented y inaimuch as any <:/^7;/^-" '■,/-■"• '.>' * > ., I ^''t. . I, ( 50 ) iii:'.i:f •.w/. 'j'/'V--. der of thinj^s required no"^ weak or puny effort ia government, where the courts of Juftice with a firm an J fteady hand oppr fed the progrefs of corfufion and innovation. To deftroy tlie pow- er & influct.ce, and to difgrace tb.e charader and principles of the judicitfry, would therefore be- come ail ohje(fl of primary and indifpenfible nc- *ceflity ; and if accomplifhed, it might reafonably be c-nifKiered 38 t e i arbinger of complete fuc- cefs in every fublcquent attempt for the acqui- fition of power. /// ci// Jodefies, poivrr mi/Ji be placed Jo7?id'wberey a nd democrats well k/iow^ that V if its cxercife bt objtructed^ or its ex'i/lcnce aitnihi- , /a ted in one quarter^ it mnjl of necejjiiy encreaje ei- ther relatively or abj'olutely in another. The example ofti.e parliaments under Charles I ft would Ihow to the ^^ people'"^ tSe great ad- vantage to be derived from a new jurifdi3«^ iicc'Vi'lin;^ to Ui« ..Ciiiiiuous alrcadv riven. ^■^^ ;»• tion and oufe :ach- for I?* '- c yc- : w, \\ tPixna 31 ; cceding5, the friends of" reftrm' ^l*:^^t ask linn if any body of nun coal J h^ fo \v*ll q iiUfied to determine the meaning oft le laws as t^ie Lower Houfe wiiich aififts in m ikin^ them ? and the/ might also ask, whether any man could be fo llupid as not to perceive, that if complaints and accufations muft precede imjreachments, parlia- mentary profecutions mig it never be inftlruTed becaufe the perk '^s injured might wilfully and criminally refolve never to produce any charges againfl their oppreflbrs ? To the advocates of " liberty'' therefore, it would be apparent, that the Lower Houfe ought fiom its own mere mo- tirm, full power, and abfolute authority, to take upon 'tfelf, without the tedious preliminaries of complaint and proof, the entire affcrtion and puniihment of all matters of delinquency. From this practice t. e triends of " liberty" would de- rive a double advantage ; t' e houfe by its firil vote might declare what was the law, and by the next vote might ellablifli the matters of faA how and by whom it had been violated ; and by ihefe eafy : nd expeditious meafures they might avoid all the lingering delays, and endleis circuities, wliich obflrucl and iinpede t >e com- mon and cftablifhed modes of proceeding. The friends of" refirm" would in tiiUt cafe be ena- bled to deftroy, at once, all the refpect and def- erence felt, by the low^er orders (w! orn tii*^y would ftylc the long opprefled and blii.dcd pt o*' people) to thofe in authority, and wduM tcath them to behold with mingled horror and allon- iihmeat, as their favage tyrant? and bitter ene- mies^ V 'I 1. 'I . 4W. I-- i ( 3» ) |i •■■■ ii. mies, thofe very peiTons from whom, in what ttie ^"^ patriots" would call the days ot then* delu- fion, they had been accuRomcd to expect pm- tedtion and )iiftice, and whom tliey had been taught to regard with edeem and veneration — ^ In the minds of the ignorant populace, to tranf- fentiie or^ium excited againft thofe who are veil- ed with judicial authority, to thd ^Sovereign from "whom that authority emanates, will always be cafy, and muft be the intention, as well as the tendency, where the entire body of the judicia- ry is attacked and perfecuted ; for, if a reform- ation of the law itfelf, or of tlie eilabliflied prac- tice in its admin iftratior, be the real as well as pretended object, it would be, with facility, at- tainable, by a new legiflative enadlmtnt, with- out a crufadc againft t e judges, who under their oaths of oflice, adminifter juftice, to the heft of their apprehenfion, in conformity to law, au- thority and precedent. But t' is would have been a quiet and regalar courfe which would have excited no popular feeling or commotion, and confequently would not have fatiflied the '•^patriots" becaufe its tendency from gradual to to total " reform" wou''^ neither have been ftrong nor immediate. One of the moft elegant and judicious hiftori- ans, of one of the moft enlightened of nations, [a Scotchman] has remarked, that "the jealous mnovaters in the Lower House under Charles the ist, by promoting all measures which degra- ded those vested with authority from the Crown, lioped to carry the nation from a hatr.d of their *' -oer- ■' ' < •>■ :l- ' / . ■ I, 'I 'v r 3-3 ') persons to an opposition against their ofiioc, and by tl.ofe means to dilarm their Monarch" The Lower Houfc, in his reign inveij»hed with bitternefs againft tlic courts, as " arrayed in ter- rors/' for it was not their intention that any ter- rors fliould be felt, by the ** people" fave what the houfe itfelf might citoofe to occafion. In one of their refolves t ey openly told t'.e Lords that ** they tlicmfelves were the Reprefentatives of " the whole kingdom, and that t>ie Peers were nothing but individuals, w o held their feats in a particular capacity ; and t^ierefore if t^'eir Lordfhips would not confent to' the pafling of a^fts, w.'iich they l>ould judge neceflary for the prefervation of the people, (ofwi-ich " the refufal of the Lords would prove the ne- ceffity) the Commons, with fuch Lords, if any, as migr.t be willing to join them, muft unite for that purpofe.'' They alfo voted that "wl. en in Parliament, .]^r!iich they dechre J " v/as the fupreme Court- oi jtidicattirey they " Ihould determine what the law of the land was ; " to have the determinations not only (jueflio- *' ned but contradicted, was a high breach of ** their privileges." An^i on another occafion " they declared that the king, feduced by wick- " ed counfel, had violated the rights and privi- " leges of his parliament, who in all their con- " fultations and adions, had propofed no other " end than the care of his kingdoms." They " offered alfo certain conditions on which they were willing to come to a good unJerftanding with their Sovereign ; in which they modcftly E re K (I « C( C< C( C( '■*!«; < 1 t 'f t, 'i I:' li I' { 3^ ) rerqulred that no man fhould remain in the coun- cil wijo was not agreable to them ; and that no perfon (hould he called to the Upper Houfe with- out their approbation, nor t c principal Judges appointed unlefs upon their recommendation, and that they lliould be lufpendcd as often as they became obnoxious tot[)e Lower K'Oufe, which they had, as before mentioned, voted to the firft court of judicature in the realm. To thefe requWitions, the worthy and unfortunate King, who in fentiment at lead differed widely from Earl Fitz- William, (although in blindnefs, weaknefi and want of judgment, a degrading refemblance, in many inftances, might be dif- covered between them) replied, " ftiould I grant ** thefe demands, I may be waited on bare-hca- " ded ; the title ot Majelly may be continued ** an,d the King's authority may ilill be the flyle of your commands ; I may have fwords irnd maces carried before me, and pleafe myfelf with the fight of a crown and fceptre, (though even thefe twigs will not long flouriih when " the ftock on which they grow is withered^ but as to true and real authority, I ihall re- main but the outfide, the pictur.;, fign, and ** fhadow of a king.'* Nerva is aware that he may be asked, why in enquiries concerning the affairs in Ireland, he indulges himfelf in excurfive obfcrvations re- fpedting the meafures of other countries and more dillant periods? and that he may be told, if he allows iiimfelf in one inftance, fuch a departui c from his fuhje •:. ■ (; 3« ) !>;:■*' 4Sh.part of t^"'e refolutions of t'.c la^er were not ex- pnifsly voted by the former. To this he will an- fwer that ut a very final! excefs on fide of the ., lower Koufe under Charles t^ie ift will be found in what he '\as related, «nd that this ffnall excefs xakj probably be^ by anticipation, an account , of the proceedings of fome future back lane par* ijiameat,, in the ra arch to reform, - , . ^- ■ NER\A.' t ; l«".::k'^t>' ' iJtnf.'i- l-M •T. r^,., . r ,■■■»'.■< ;» ' £•- 1 '*"' hw v.v ♦'<" -J SI 'J : .a> • * VI* * • :i.f; .( '^V , .'^•..^ 'U. *t ■r * .1. ^ .-'i «,< < 'V •«■ ;. J.-V .A' i/'J- ■ t"t ?«; V ■ ua- ■J '- t f •.01 4 .'.it. NO. 4 •-■ ■"^ '^'/.'■■.•^Hf'''' ''■ I ' ' '.'■=,. ■ ) ^■^'■-. ' <■■", •>•(' • ( 37 ) V, m j:: [No. VlJ • -"h /""f*!' •f • 'MS.* ?^r V-#v?^ 1«.'^ " y/6tf /y^/z/g' which is^ is that which hath bteUy\ i^ there is no new thing under the Sun." » •«< Let us fuppose a piaato have been long efta-^' bliflied in Ireland to degrade the higher authori- ties in the State. Let us fupfofe the Judges to ha^e been origi- nally eligible to the b Ifh Houfe of Commons, and the friends of" reform'* to have laboured to ex- ptlthem from their feats, under a pretended dread of the baneful influence, of even a fmgle mem- ber of the judiciary, in any body politic, altuo' *•• but one againft an hoft." TiCt us fuppofe that afterwards, to fatiffy the clamors of ti»e *' patiiots'' an ad of difqualifica- tion had been palTcd with the concurrence of the reft of the leg'alature, by which the judges were perpetually excluded from the Lower Houfe* Let us fuppofe the Lower Houfe to have beea principally compofed of, or principally influeu- ced, guided and direded by, 1 awyers, Attcr- tiies. Notaries, and their Clerks ;—perfons,whofe whole property taken coilecft^vely, would not have amounted to as much as was poflefTed by many an individual taken fingly ; — perfons, who cov!d not on that account be cunfidered as any reprefentatiop of the property of the country for which they were to legillate j-^a reprefentation which v'-5;?jH;^^;5>f;r!p!«;^^-«^!7- ■ :^i; 'y.f ( •■ Pi h'H . ( 38 ) ■ •which practical politicians confider as elTential for the prefervation of tranquility in all govern- ments ; — perlons who have little or nothing at flake in theco.intry, could confequently feel lit- tle or no intereft in the maintenance of pub- lic: fecurity, or the exifting order of things, fave only the intereft which might be excited by their native integrity -mJ virtue, (to ufe a phra:e ( f kgal ambi}.'ulry) " be the fame more or hfs ; ' perfons wo being more immed- iately under ihe controul, fuperintendence, and diredion of the judiciary, would be more fre- quej.itly expofed to their animadverfions for im- proprieties in c^mdudt ; a. id who would there- tore find it extremely convenient to deftroy the authciity whic'i rcftrained and kept tijem in or- der ; or who would lind it highly advantageous to inveft themfelves with powers fuperior to thofe of the Judges of the land, from a knowledge that he whofe jadg'j is his dependant, may ex« pect, or if he fliall think proper, can even en- force, an undue portion of judicial favor and for- bearance. ' . ♦ - ?; ; v.? ; !' P It muft be apparent, that altho' the exclufion of '>. Judge from fuch a houfc •' might do fome- thing to pleafe, it would do nothing to f tiffy'* its members. Let us then fuppofe the Lower Houfe, after the lapfe of two or three years, in furtherance of the If ng cllablifhed pli^n fur de- grading the higher authorities in the ftate,-— to pafs an at^ to difqualify the judges from fitting in {he Upper Houfe, and to deprive Uij Majclly of ii . th« f( 39) , ■ ■^ the power of calling them to his councils. To the fober & enlightened it might not be y)erfe(3:ly clear, that a meafure which miglit agree particu- larly well wirti the interefts, prejudices, vanity, ' or revenge of a few Lawyers, Atiornies, Nota- ries, and their i.lerks, would, for that reafon, ' be perfrdly confiftent with the interefts of the reft of the community. It migltt indeed be fug- gefted, that wlile the Lower Houfe fhould be cc>mpored of, Or governed by characters ot fuch delcriptijns, it could not be improper to coun- tera(5t the effed of their preponderance, by the idmiiTion of all thofe into the Upper Houfe, to whom their defigns and intrigues (ho'.Jd be bt-ll ' known, and whofe Ic^""^ abilities and information w^ould be requifite to provide the moft coiiftitu- tional and efficacious means for rendering abor- tive every meafure of dangerous or fufpicicu- ten- dency. The fober and enlightened would re- coiled, ti:at needy, difcontented, and turbulent Lawyers, Attornies, Notaries, and their (lerks, compoicd the principal portion of thofc Alfem- blies, rv. ith in a great country, and in modern timc^ ^ ^'tiduced the "' regna de la loV,'' and from ' the I - ■* -S jieretofore conferred by thcfe legal and ad'/cnfurous c; araders, tiiey would learn to eftimate the future favours to be ex})cded from legiflative bodies ot a fiiiiilar coinpolitlon In rnort, it is not improbable if they beheld the Lower Houfe direded, imncllcd, and agitated fc:ly by the harpies oi i!ie fubordinate orders • ofi'-claw, by mere illilvtsal plcddcrs, through legal ^^ Ucbrdcaiuksr *' 'vv word catchers, whv'^ - live ( 40 .) -> m "trv liPSi^ fW' 1 1 n i VIH^P .^ ^ nM^ .< flu S: J II If ■ n'^ :1 ll , *>« live by fyliables, **that the worthy ind enlighten- ed would become more than ever defirous, that the Upper Houfe fhould receive an acceflion of talents and influence in the weight and dignity of fuch Judges as, his Majefty fhould think proper to felcct. Or if on the other hand, any reafons cculd influence them to wifli for the exclufion of judicial wifdom,integrity, ifceniion, and expe- rience irom the higher branch of the Legiflature, far more powerful motives would urge them to defire the expulfion of fo> 'S\c ignorance, li- centioufnefs, violence, and iii. etion, from the Lower Houfe. Lc us fuppofe t' e laft mentioned bill to de- prive his Majefty of the power of calling the Jud- ges to the JJpper Houfe, to| have been reje<^ed with the marked disapprobation it deferved. The failure of a fingle attempt could hardly be expected to diminifh greatly the ardor of forenfic and notarial enterprize, or to leflen the charac* leriftic perseverance of thefe unwearied cavillers at points and particles. Such a failure would on- ly be confidered to make it neceflfary to vary for a moment the mode and nature of the attack. let us then fuppofe the Lov/er Houfe, for the purpofe of making tiie necefllu'y change in operations, and of giving more effect to their hoftility, to conftitute itfelf the higheil court of JUDICATURE in the realm and to invefti- gate the RULES OF PRACTICE of all the courts of King's Bench, and of appeals in the Kingdom ; — Rules which every court of Jus- tice muft, by the very cflTence and fp irit of it« A ' >■ con- ;"^''' :;' ( 4^ ) tonftitution,. poflefs, inherently arid wlttibut ex- prefs authority, the right of making ; but which the courts in Ireland were alfo authorized to make by pofrtive and particular legiflative eriad:- ments. After partial and hafty examination^ by a few of the moft daring of the " patriots \' let us fuppofe the Lower Houfe to refolve that all the courts of King's rJench and of Appeals had violated the laws of the land, (turning whatrthe unrefleding multitude had confidered the pure fountains of Juftice), into polluted fourceS of ini- quity, and that the Rules of Pr.i^ice were uhcon- ' ilitutional, arbitrary, and illegal**.- j^jr-g^f^ij^'^i^^ By fuch refolutions it is evident that not the Chief Jufticcs alone would be declared nilpablev but that every Judge of all t!^e courts of King's Bench and oiP Appeals, muft be equally guilty^':? equally unworthy of his dignified ftatidn, an^' equally defervingof punifliment. For the pow^^ er to makt rules of Pradtice could refide only in- the courts, and not in any individual member of' them. And as the Chief Juftices alone could uot ? conftitute the courts, the Chief Juftices alone* couldnot polTefs even the power to make Rules* of Pradice. The Chief Juftices might prefide indeed, but they could polfefs no more power ! than any other Judge. Their pre-en.inence eould ' confift only in dignity, not in authority, i -05*? ** Let us fuppofe the Judges in all the courts a- ? bove mentioned to have exceeded, not only in* talents and integrity, but even in number, alt the Attornies, Notaries, and their clerks, who* prefumed in the I-ower Houfe to.d^termine upoa I ' the '^< t V • V ," ■ I 11 'V 4' the vjiliaity of their pfoceedtngs j— ^and let us fuppofe (fince it would carry an appearance of Jibfurdity, if, from a difference of opinion, a fmaller number of the under gradqates, in t!;e t>oundlefs and uncertain fcience of the law fhould boldly criminate a greater number of the higher orders in the fame profeffion,) that the Lower Houfe ftiould not at once venture to profccute all the Judges, whom by neceflary and unavoidable implication, they had declared to be guilty, but ihould felcct, as objeds of impeachment » only two Chief Jufticcs, *wl .ofe removal cc uld be no moreneceffary,or advantageous to the inhabitants of Ireland, than the removal of all their cflbciates in imputed iniquity. Would not fo partial a meafure appear ridiculous when it fhould be con^ fidered that the " f atriots'' would have left all their fellow fubjects ftill expofed to the pretend- ed tyranny of the remaining judges, which they might have hoped to prevent, if they had adted with proper confiftency, and had impeached all tutf Chief and puifne Judges of the bench and of appeals *' en masse*'. Would it not in confe- quence be fuppofed, that the feledion of only two Chief Juftices, as the immediate victims, was made merely to prevent the too early and com- plete difplay of the defigns of the friends of the " people,'- which might be rendered more dan- gerous, or be liable to more obftrudicns in the execution, if perfed light ftipuld be allowed to fhine upon the entire plan, and it could be view- ed in its whole extent ? ' ^' ^^ " ''^" yndcr circumftances fimilar to thofe whicl) ■ ^"^ Jiavc Jj ' ■*., ">■! ',-f J '■■■ .< %.\\ir ( 43 ) ■J have been hypothetical! y imagined, it would bcr? pome the imperious duty of every well wiflier tp his country to expofe to deteftation, the inten- tions of the pretenders to loyalty, (a) and to break in their hands the iron rod of oppreffion,'* a fcourge which they wielded only to introduce confufion, and to gratify the malignity of the mean againft the high. But, however, Uuda-^ ble the intentions and exertions of individuals, in private might be, the chief and moft effectual fupport, which could be aflbrded to the admin- iftration of thelaws, when attacked.^ could only have been expeded from the Reprefentatlve of Majefty. From the Viceroy himfelf. — ^t Did he give that fupport ? Did he ihow him- felf even inclined to protect thofe worthy fervantsi of the crown, without whom his own authority^ if he remained in office, would in the courfe of a few years have dwindled into infignificancCy 4i .oc> (a) A celebrated poet has represented one of the English Mo- narchs, expiessing sentiments not foreign to our subject, nor un- jvorthy thtj attention of his successors. , Rly pious subjects for my safety pray, '' - , \Vhich to secufe, they'd take my power away. •• ••' (iood lieav'ns how faction can a patriot paint? > . .^^ .:•' My enemy still proves iny people's saint. I'rom pli»ts and treason, Pleav'n preserve my years, •'' ; But save me most from my petittoners: «« ^ . - . - ' Insatiate as the barren womb or grave, - ^ . God c .nnot grant so njuch as they can crave i What then is left, but witli a jealous eye, -^|*-.r*' To guard the small remains of Royalty ? .. -i^^'r* The law shall still direct my peaceful sway, .. V And the same law teach faction to obey ; ■ '^"* Voles shall no more establish'd poveet control; XiW^iifc Such votes as rnake a faction seem tiie whole ; ''^.' No grounilless clamors shall my friends remove, Nor crouds have power to punish, ere they prove, ^ ^^»'' •Hi c ^ ::f.i if ':>:>>.,. ^> -J':-. T mmm' ^m (. 44. ) ij Mm 'm. ) « "We make no aflertions — -we draw no conclu-: (ions. — But let lis fiippofe, that inftead officH meafures as became the Reprefentative of Ma- jefty — the Viceroy, forgetful that " the great caa never find fafety in humiliation ; that pow- er, eminence, and confideration, are things not to be begged ; and that the high v^ho fup- plicate for tavor or indulgence from the mean, can never hope for juftice through themfelves," had fought for the vain fliadow of popularity, by facrifices to the difcontented, and by deferting the caufe of order, and of thofe with whom from his (lation, he was connedled in duty and inter- eft, and whom from honor and principle, he ihouli have held hinifelf bound to fupport. Let us fuppofe, that not fatiflied with being at all times acceflable and fubmiflive to the fac- 'tious, he even feduloufly fought them out, and always accofted them with encouraging falutaci- ons ; & even honored (as far as honour could be conferred on another by one who had difregard- edit for himfelf ) with cordial and viceroyal gree- tings, and fqueezes of the hand, the moft male- volent of the crufaders againft judicial authority and regal privileges. Thus practifing every form and meannefs of familiarity as a part of the fyftem on which the dignified ftrudure of his populari- ty was to be raifed. But what, it will be asked became of this towering edifice of Plebeian favor obtained at the .expence of fo much time and ho- .i .- ■. ,,. ■. ■ TM.- • ^v not '■f.,^ ... ■ .;r.,;i..;lv?; w wm mmm "f. hr. 't' !'■■■//: X 45 ) '^-.-'K.;. ■; -.-)■; •ttor, an3by fo marty facrifices of ladepeadencfe a id of dignity ? Of this fair and frail fabric of delufion, reared in the funOiine of April day, and reftingfor fupport on the caprice and fickle- nefs of iadion ? What if it (hould be anfwer* ed, that its I'ate already ftands recorded in' words of evangelical authority ^-^" The ftorm arofe, •* the rains beat, the flbods camie, the winds blew, and the houfe fell, for it was built upon fand, and great was the fall thereof," NerVa has, perhaps, too long prefutfied to ■occupythe time f)f his readers with fuppofitions of poflibilities, which the unreflecting may pre^ tend to be tnerely the dreams of imagination. But if the dream be not devoid, it may perhaps ftimulate enquiry in the caufes from whence it originated ; and the candid and impartial will 'then determine Whether he has been prefeating. "to their view, merely the vifions of his own fan- cy, or giving too faithful a pidurfe of modem and degrading reality. NERVA. . •4- *'■ "l* • • t • H»'» • • ••'.*'•*• ••••••.*'•««'• **•.•■ I *^ t k t • • • t ERRATA. ^age it — ^^Linc 14 from the bottom, after contemplation read of the f actions 23 — Line I, for ybr read /rr)?» " 30 — Line 2, for government read govtrnments. 31 — Line 14 for fall power read certain knoxoledge. 34 — Line 8, after voted to read be ; and in line 6 from the bottom, forin Trelnnd, re&d of Ireland Vt.^, 98 — Line 3, for have read having , }-f, 39 — Line 10 from the bottom, for regna read regne 40— Line 1, fo: 6j/ read on; and line &, for disantioh t^Hii discretion, ^- , ^ ., y •> .K.>.. i«Si. , ■.I,'. .. ft li ■ » ■ ' 4w ■. ,»',i -