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Ttchnical and Bibliographic NoM* / Notts techni<|utt et lMbliW>P**><li'«« '
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MICRO9OPY RE$01UTK>N TIST QIART
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165 J EoM Main Street
Rochester. New York 14609
(716) 482 - 0300 - Phone
(716) 28? - 5989 T Fo«
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THEI
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ESTABUSHED IN 1877
AT
BE A CO N S^FI ELD
(The residence of Mr. Menzies)
POINTE CLAIRE, P. Q.
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JOHN NELSON, Jr., General Agent.
loBtreai Offlce : 1$ St.
Theresa M&.
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THE
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ESTABLISHED IN 1877
AT
B EA CO N S F I E L D
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(T^e residence of Mr. Menzies) .
OINTE CLAIRE, P. Q.
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JOHN NELSON, Jr., General Agent.
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ModW Office: 15 St. TlieresB Slpeet.
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NOTICE.
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Beaconsfieltl is^he nnme given some yenrs ago by Mr.
Menzies to Jiis residence at Pointo Clnire, where, in 1877^
lie introduced tlie cultivntion of the vine on a larger scale
than usual in this Province ; and this place has since
been called The Beacomfield Vineyard.
Two ye^rs after the vineyard was established, he
associated himself with another person for the purpose
of prosecuting the business of a vigneron —but this
connexion, after a short experience, ceased in the early
part of the present year.
In May last, this person in conjunction with another,
took a farm at a distance of about a mile from Benconsfield
from which they have been selling American vines, trees*
shrubs, &c , calling their farm the Beaconsfield Vineyard ;
and as their purpose in thus appropriating the name of
Mr. Menzies' residence and Vineyard, w\»ich has an
established reputation, is obvious,— the undersigned begs
intending purchasers and other interested, to carefully
observe the name of the firm offering vines for sale as
coming from the Beaconsfield Vineyard.
The undersigned make a specialty of growing vines,
and do not deal in American trees or products of any
kind. The under-mentioned varieties of grape vines are
propagated and acclimated by us, and being found suitable
to the climate of this Province, are recommended and
guaranteed by us,— we undertaking to replace any that
may die. '
The fruit of each was exhibited at the Dominion
Exhibition, and there being no prizes in this class, it was
highly commended for its size,'earliness and excellence
of "quality. .
October 1880.
MENfzIES''& CO.
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LIST OF PRidES.
DELIVERED FREE TO BUYERS' RAILWAY STATION
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Ueaconsfield Wine Grape * '.*.., X: 60
Table »' Black No. 1 60
2. $1.00
" White 1 75
2 1. 00
Orders for 100 or above, will be treated with due
liberality. ^
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or ^i^lolu^ltm^cl:'' ""'^^ ''•'"""'* «"•" ""'' ''''' "^ -- ^^ >•- ^-?"" '
■ ■ ■ . ■ " > ■ ■
The following observations are nObroa nn the result
«r the experience of one, who has shewn the practioability
of cultivating the Vine with success in the open air, in
this Province,^ in the hope that his experience may
prove both useful and instructive to the many who have
recently turiird their attention to vine culture, and to
whom, from the difference of climate and other condi-
tions, the ordinary standard works on vine culture,
excellent in themselves, are in many respects misleadinji'.
ACII
60
60
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OBSERVATIONS ON THE CULTURE OF THE VINE.
SOIL AND EXPOSITION.
^
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The quality of the grape depends much on the nature
of the soil, and different varieties of the vine require
appropriate soils. The soil in all cases shoi^ld be permeable
to air and water ; strong, but friable, land ; gravelly loam ;
and sand are all suitable, and may be estimated in the
order set down. . .
The situation should be high, near rivers and Iart%*
bodies of moving water, but not near stagnant creeks ;
low-lying land should always be avoided, and if possible
an exposition sloping to the B. SE. or S. shoujd be chosen
in preference to level land, which is often not desirable.
«■■■ ■, / ■: .••;\'i
Every inch of soil in the vineyard should be kept
well worked by ploughing and hoeing, to give the rootd
ail* and moi'sture, — but this working ^hould not be done in
wet weather.
It is very important thit the sno y should lie deep on
the vineyard during the Winter, ahd a sandji or light
soil, exposed to the W. NW. or N. \rhere the ^now does
not lie, should be strictly avoided. I
The vines must be protected at all times from direct
exposure to any strong wind, by wind-breaks or fences
erected on the exposed sides of the Vineyard. -^
. They must also receive the direct rays of the early
morning sun, and must not be shaded by trees or other
obstructions: — direct exposure to the sun at all 'times
being essential to their well being.
Do not plant vines in the neighbourhood of ash trees.
PLANTING.
The vines, should be planted in |rows six feet apart
which should run nearly in the direction of NE. and
SW. diverging when necessary in the direction, of E.
and W. rather than N. -and S. 1
In these rows the vines should be planted eight feet
apart, the distances being measured isarefully and the
place for each vine marked with a small wooden peg.
Dig holes around these pegs, two feet in diameter and
two feet deep. While waiting to be planted, the vines
should be covered with moist fresh earth. When ready
to plant, cutback each branch to two eyes and thoroughly
soak the plant in water of a moderate temperature.
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Throw a little well pulverized earth into the centre of
the hole ; spread out the roots and small fibrous rootlets
of the vine, and Jgradually fill up the hole with finely
pulverized earth, the vine being continually'^haken and
every rootlet, whose shoulder shews above the earth,
drawn up with the hand :— thus spreading out all the
roots and rootlets in a horizontal direction and getting
the earth shaken amongst the small fibrous rootlets.
When the hole is completely filled, press the soil down
with the foot, and if it be in the Spring, cover the surface
around the vine with a mulchr of sawdust, chips or
shavings, or anything that will retain moisture; and
keep this mulch well broken and permeable during the
Summer.
PROTECTION IN WINTER.
In consequence bf the dry cold of our Winter it is
absolutely necessary, after pruning in the Autumn, to
cover all cultivated vines with earth,— not* straw or
anything* of that nature, — to a depth of three or four
inches, by cutting a furrow with a plough along the rows
of vines, and using the spade ; — but the opportunity may
be advantageously taken of ameliorating the soil, by
covering with fresh virgin earth, when procurable.
Ill the Spring, so soon as the weather is somewhat
settled fair, shake the earth from the plants, and it will
be found that nothing will have been lost by koepmg
them covered during the changeable Spring weather,—
the vines will have been kept fresh and moist by the
snow and wet earth, the buds will have started, and the
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plant will be in the best possible growing order, ready to
profit by the warm Spring weather.
PRUNING.
/ The vine should invariably be pruned in the Autumn,
so soon as the leaves have fallen, and should not under
any circumstances be cut in the Spring.
, If the vines have been a year or so planted and are" un-
pruned— (they require no pruning the first season).—
Cut away all but two of the thickest branches— branchine
in opposite directions from theatock of the vine, as near
the ground a» ohtainahle. Cut off the ends of these two
lateral branches leaving each about four feet long, th6n
trim off the shoots springing frpm these two branches,
leaving two or three eyes on each shoot.
In the Spring do not allow any other than these two
branches, with th^ir shoots, to grow ;— unless, as some-
times happens, it^ be found desirable to replace one or
both by a new lateral branch.
Constantly watch the vines in the Spring, and pinch off
all suckers with the thumb and finger.
A trellis will then be necessary, which I recommend
to be made of cedar ot tamarac posts, planted, very close
behind the row of vines, at intervals of sixteen feet, and
traversed by four horizontal wires, the lowest one six
inches from the ground, the highest near the top, and
the whole trellis not to be higher than four feet from
le ground, and slightly inclined backward, the top being
a\foot farther back than the bottom. \ ■
AVTrain the two horizontal arms or branches of the vines
*.
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along the bottom of the trellis and as near the ground as
possidle {this is important, for fruit grown high up is
toughened in the skin and rendered coarse in quality by
exposure to the weather.)
The fruit-bearing canes will spring from the shoots
left on these arms, and they should be carefully tied up
to the horizontal wires, as they grow. New shoots will
push from the axels of the leaves on these shoots and
again new ones from these Ijatter, but do not cut them oft;
— pinch each new shoot short oif beyond the first leaf,
leaving always one leaf on each shoot to feed the plant
and to shade the fruit, — an absolute necessity, if it is to
ripen and sweeten, with a tender skin and pulp. When
the fruit canes have reached above the top of the trellis,
pinch off the ends, beyond the last bunch of fruit, in the
same way. and also all the tendrils.
A vine should never b^ allowed to bear more than
twenty-five or thirty pounds of fruit.
MANURE. ■ '\:
Do not use nny animal manure* for vines :^by which
the flavour of the grape is affected ;— nor manures rich in
potash, which are too strong, and stimulate a rank growth/
but, in order to keep the soil in good heart, a little
phosphate of lime or superphosphate may be occasionally
applied — ^always in the Autumn— with great benefit, and
the soil should be constantly ameliorated by the regular
application, every Autumn, of virgin soil, forest muck,
rotted turf, road dust or other similar substances.
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In conclusion the /writer would remark that, while
taking note of the gVneral principles of vine-culture here
,set down, the practical rigneron will learn his art more
quickly and thoroughly by his own careful and intelligent
observation, than by blindly adopting the views of
others. The Wne is of a noble nature, but lately intro-
duced among lis, and its wants in its new home are as
yet but lit^e understgod, and should be carefully
studied.
Do not lie misled by speculators, whose sole object is
to sell v^es, into the belief that every variety of vine
will gro^ anywhere and under any conditions j— it is a
nobler /plant than a potatoe or an ear of corn, and disa^
pointjtoent must inevitably result from treating it as such.
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