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I Humbly ofler'd to public Confideration.' 11 L»ndm ; Printed in the Year i^% ,•.■J*l,-^ .1*1**^ aw * ii« V ,. ii t ^ ( 3) To the Author o/'/iS^ Tradefijian's Journal. SIR, HAT our Trade is confider'd a^" Jolutely in itfelf, TLxAiJoithout Compa-. parifon to that of Others, is one ufc- ful Point of View in which it ought to be taken. But what it is compared and rela- ii'vi to the Trade of oor Neighbours, and efpedally our moft dangerous Ri- vals^anJ Enemies, is ftill more neceiiary to be look'd into at this Jundbire, with all the Attention we are Mailers of. For however valuable in itfelf our Trade may b«, yet if our Rival Enemies gain upon and exceed us in this Ar-> tide, fo as to make large and hafty Steps to engrofs all, by fwallowing up the inferior part which had been left us,. it behoves us to fee to this in time, and endeavour to pre- vent it. In this refpeft, a Conteft for Trade, and Power, re- fembles a Race, wherein the Winner bears away the Prize. No Matter how great our Strength or Speed be> if they arc to ferve as a Foil to our Rivals, when wet- become their Conqueft, or Property ; or,at beft, while we- are in danger of becoming fo, by being fliamefully thrown behind in Points where we once iiadthe Pre-eminence.' In this Cafe, the greater Advantages we enjoy'd, the more fetal will the Confequence prove, as contributing only to add more Weight to fuch an over-ballance of Power, and rendering it more difficult for ustOTCgain our former Superiocity. f. r (4) I In order to make the Comparifon propofed, permit me, 1. To exhibit a fliortView of the State of the BntiJ& and Freiich Trade to America \ and from thence,, in^hc fccond I'Jace, to infer the Expedienc)', if not theNeccffity cf, keeping Ci'pe Breton in Our Hands, and improving that jiicn: valuable and feafonable Acquiiition to all pcffible Ad- vuntagcs, v^hether of extending our Trade, our Dominion or Religion, with all their Influences and Benefits among t)io (liow Trench) Indians : cfpecially -confidering that it is the i\ey of Canada, ftnd commands the Conveyance of Supplies to the Indians, as alfo the Fiftiery, withthe Na- vigation and Commefce of all the neighbouring Settle- iiicrits of North Amirica. What Influence the mpplving of the French Indians with Proteflant Mifllonaries and In- l>iU(!^\ors may have upon our Power and Trade among them, will be confidered in the enfuing Letter. At prcfent I confine myfclf to the Comparifon ef our Trade with that of the French, And this Part of my Work v^ill be the eaiier^ as I have no more to dcrtlum to make an £xtra£^, and give fome Hints from a late Pamphlet * en that Subjefl, written by a Gentleman who feems weU verfed in it» a Lover of his Country, and zealous for its Proiperity. In that Piece the Author having obferved that the Eu- Tt!-. Nation is too apt to have a mean Opinion of the rade and Navigation of its Rivals, efpecially the French, and was not convinced of its Miftake, 'till the Incidents of the prefent War, the numerous French Fleets, and large Prizes open'd our Eyes ; he proceeds to (hew the Steps by which the French Commerce and Colonies, from^ being inferior to ours, have rifen to a dangerous Sup e- jriority over us, in lefs than half a Centur)^ For this Purpofe • a Council of Commerce was efla- •. bliihed in the Year 1700, conitfting of fome of theprin- ^ cif al Oflicers of State, and twcVe Deputies of the prin- * Seethe prefent State of the Britifh ««?. h n- - % 1^ •* AC." :t^^. is) * cipal Merchant^ or Perfons who Kave been a long dme ' engaged in Trade.* Two of thefe were of Paris, and each of the other ten of Rtrntfr, BmrtUttux, Lyons, Mar- ftilles, Rocbelle, Nantes^ St^ Malo, LiJU, Bayonnt, and Dunkirk* Since this Eflabltihment, and in Confequence of the Memorials prefent^ by them to the Royal Council, con- taining Propofitions for Regulations and Remedies in Trade, being thoroughly executed, * the Trade of France * has been extended to the Levant, the North, Jfrica^ * North America, tht South Seas, and to the Ea/l and ff''eft * Indies, even fo far as to make more than double the Va- ' lueinSugu', Indigo; Ginger and Cotton, in their Wejf * India Iflands than what is now made by the Englifi^ * who before that Time exceeded the French in thDi '. Branch of Trade abundantly.* . In the Article of Spgar they are inereafed from 3o,ood to 1 20,000 Hogiheads Englifi? in a Year, [/. e, as 3 to 1 2 or I to 4 :] Two Thfds of which are fiitpp*a* to Holland, Hamburgh, Spain, and other foreign Martets. In the fame Time the Englifi have encreafed from a- bout 45,000 to no more than 70,000 Hogiheads, i,e. as 9 to 14, not near double, * of which they now fend but *- little to foreign Markets, altho* they had formerly the *■ beft Share of that Trade, and even /uffUed Snnce with * Sugars.'* And moreover the French have already en- groi&d the'Indigo-Trade from the Englijh, and have grea' « ly encreafed in their Fiiheries, and &aver and other Fur- Trade in North America, iince their Settlement of Capi Breton, which they have fortified at a vaft Expence ;— • and it is from this laft mentioned Trade, and their Fi(he<> ries, that they find a Vent for moft of ^eir MolaiTes and Rum, that the EnglUb do not takeoff their Hands. To Ihew their Superiority in the Fur-Trade, * it is ' computed they import into France from Canada only * to the Value of 135,0001.. Sterling ^rr^«»a«» inBea'* ,':*' ver and other Furs, including Dear-fkins ; and the En^- *- glijh from all our Northern Colonies not above 90,000^ t Sterling, [/..^, the/rwci&Trad€i»,tothe£«55/j»ai 3.ta ••.if - '. ■ '^ 2 in this Article j] and tlils by mtnafsL&mii^ ih'h-dnef,. ^ which is taken Care to be done Under the/evere/^ Pe*- wities, is increafed, in ibme (2aie9» /^ /0/i/ in Value 4 * and fupplies pioft Parts of Europe and Spumfe Jmeric4 * with Hats/ • Since the Commencementof ; the prefent War there ' was a Ship taken, bound from Ftvfite to the Spanijh f-\ Weft^IntUetfVi which was aQuantity of white Beaver and ^ Other; Hats,, which were fold in LondMi, and were fo > much fuperior in Q{ia]ity to any Thing of the; like Sort^ ^ that our Manufadorers were forprized at it.--^ Thefe Advantaet&gain*d by the Freneb^, ai» confpicaous from the immenS Sums which' <*They draw ammally , *• from other Countries, and luhicb enable them te maintain ^ pfrotrful ArtMet^ andMfford fitch pUntifid Subfidies and * Penjions tofrveral Paivers, emdPecplein Europe : From *' hence the^ Imld their Ships of Wary ami maintain Seamen *^ to/vppfythem, ' : * It is computed that they draw from two to three Mil- ' *' lions of Pounds Sterling /^r annum from foreign Coun^ ^ tries^ in return only for Sugar, Indigo,. Coffee, Ginser, f" Beaver manufkdured into Hata, Sak-Fift and ouier * JmericanPjodyi&s, saaA near one MiUton more fron».fi ^ Great Britain and Ireland ovXy^ in Wool itid Caflf, in '- return fov CatB^icks, I'ea,. Brandy and Wine, and * xhw^ Jight uiinTrade, as*wellasat War, hvith ouf^ . * etvin Weapons. But it is to be hoped that the Meafure».. ** latcty taken I^ the Britiflj Legiflature to prevent the Im^. ^- portation of foreign Cambricks and.Tea, and t^e taking *^ zxAkee^et^ eACape-Brttmswi^ be altendcd with conit^ *' derablemd(iDal AdTanta^la'>43qf-.mi j;^.^^ift^^^^ - -.^^ v^t. < < This kft Artidei will greatlf[;interrupt their Trade tci * Canada^ as well as their Fiiheriei in 'iiorth America ; ; and ' * confequefi% tho Vent of their. Rum, Sugary and Mo' m^ < lafles I and itdiwfts them of a moft ufeful Middle Port^ * or Harbour, betweon both the/«ir>j and Oi/ France i, 'and, to fpeak it in other Words, it affords usamo^ ^* commodious Middle Port, or Harbour,, between Greats ^lr me» . ik Jh. ^ ^<^^••, :> I ■ i7)\ . .. *■ niei in Amerkai w^iere Supplies may be fbtind, and ' where iafe Convoys may be met with on aU'Occafioni.* ' The. ifame Writer, after touching on other Methods b/ which the Frr^r^^ Commerce and Colonies have been che-"^ rilh'd and encouraged, fuch as, by laying lefs Impofts and Duties on the Produds of the Frenth Iflands than are laid P(i ^loie of the EnvUfii ; and even by granting Bo mtie^ on them i and^alfo tty yint King's granting Lands Gtatisj to induiftrious Poor i bylendii^ them Money in Cafe of Misfortanes^ ^ moderating Fees and I'ort^Charges ; b/ long Forbearance of Creditors with Planters in Debt ; b/ maintaining Forts and Gairiibns, and Marines in private Ships; by good 'Regnlations of the MariAe, i^c. I fay,' after theie Matters, he gives us fair Warning left anothef- Capfi-Bretettf vdiich may prove mOre-dangerdus t^ oar So-* gar Iflands dian the former has been to our Fiihery, ihoo^d be railed in SantA Ltuia, ibid. p. 14, 15. " ' ' . * The French have lately fent a Governor witlrMeh sittd^ ^ Cannon to Santa Lucia, with a View of feizing and: ^ f ntling that Ifland, where there is as good a Harbour a&. ' tiiat in the Ifland of Cap€ Breton, in iight of Marthtico, *■ and another not much inferior to it ; and they are de-< * termined to hold it at all Events, well kndwing that Che ' Power that holds that Ifland will keep their £nemies tn^ * Awe in that Part of the World,. a!nddiftr8fs them in* * Time of War, if not totally overthrow them. Forthis^ * Reafon, as the Marquefs de Cbampahnie, General of the * French Windward Iflands declared. long fince to the- ' Author, it has, always been thought good Policy in both. * Crowns, to let this important Ifland remain Neutral ; and. *- it is to be hoped, that timely Care will be taken that it: ^ may be fo^. or that it may be ours, left the French fliould; *■ fortify this Harbour in uke Manner as they did thatin;^ * the faid Ifland of €«r^^-^^/Mr.*' And p. 20. He atdids— ->-< We find by Experince that ^'the fame Cauie» ^diich ftraiten the BHti/h Commerce^ ^ will naturally enlarge the French ; and it muft be allowed. * thatUie Naval Force of either Nation, will atone Time * or oth^r^, thrive or languid in the fame Degree as their- '*,&' A ,j \j- m t :< 1 (8). "H^ORimeite cithers or lofei Strength ; tnd we are now * convinced Stnt tKe Seas are fpread with Frtncb Skips to * and from all Parts of the World,, and that their rower * as well by Sea as by Land, is grc*w$ng more and mere * fwitb their Colonies and Cammerce^ and ail Europe zre \esi- * lous of their ambitious Views: And (hou*d they contmae * this Courfir of iraproviog their Trade and Colonies^ * without our taking fuitalne McaTures t» encourif e ours, *■ and that without l)eJay, they muft in the End become * fuperiorto us bv Sea. ihoa*d this ever be the Caie, * they will doubtlefs engrofs the Afriean and American ^ Trade, and in Confequence become Mafters of the moft ^, valuable Part of the Territories that border on the Weft- « em Ocean ; Territories that abound in People and com- * modiottft Sea-ports.— Then^-What will be the Fate of f Greaf Britain \ How will it ftand vi'\t\i Old England!'^! * fay, nuithout Dtlay^ fuice no body can be ignorant how " many Opiportunities may beloilby afliort Belay, which * no Degree of Diligence can after*uuirds regain.* And now let any Man refled whether the Confequence of this Comparifon be not juft and neceflary,. that we fliould keep Cape-Breton., • Shall we retain and employ an Opportunity which the divine Providence has manifeftly once more put into our ^ands, of bringing- our Commerce and Colonies nearer to a lUllance, qr even of recovering that Superiority in both, which we once pofTefs'd,. over our Rivals ? Or (hall we again give it up to them to be turned againft us, to our > Deftradion in both ? The Indignation of every Engl^man, and of every Well-wiiher tofW/nn^ willriie*at the thought: «([]pecially when it is coniider^ how much ithe keeping of Qape-Breton tasty be farther improved to-lhe Promoting of 4Ha Safety, the ftrengthening of our Intereft, and laying the Foundation of an inviolable Amit^ and good Under- - ilanding with the Indians (as our Enemies the. French pru- dently foreiaw, and ienfibjy experienced) by Methods which' :to the Rtpro ,ih of gur LukeiMirmnefs in the hef Caufe^ have* hitherto been too little thought of, and leis cultivateid,. by 'lu^ and our Colonies in^the Planutions.. ,- \ ^ .% vl ' \^mmMf^ J remain^ Sir^ Tour Humble Servant, Pu I L Qli AO S» '> ,4* ¥ ■"'?**WW"«*»B»» w to er re a- ae e% rs, »e M SIR, (9) (4 t:, i J ^ ?'■ AGREEABLE to what was promlfed fn my lafl, I fend y«u my prefent Thouehts- how Cape Breton may be farther improved, in a waj, wherein the Ho- nour, the IntereA» the Safety, and therefore the Duty of the Nation fcem concerned. And this is chofen to be done in the humble Fofm of ^eries ; both, becaufe it beHts the Subie£t, and that the Hints therein given mav be either rqeaeJ. or admitted and encouraged ak the Utia. mar deierve. Should it be here asked what Conne^on the proMga- tion of our Religion has with the extending of our Com«- merce and Power, and the maintaining our Safety i I an- fwer, this will in fome Decree appear from rhe ^eries themfelves : And farther let it be conTidered, that honeft Induftry it the Daughter of true Religion and the Mother offair Trade, and well {gotten WealUi; and fuckOhjeaa only are worthy of a national Care and Regard. I may add, that Unity in Religion, Sottndnefs of Faith aad Integrity in holding and obferving it wlten given in any Matter, are the ftrongeft Bonds Md Cements of Soci- ety, and Suppoit» of Creoit, among Members of the (ame Community; or, of Alliance and Friendflup among Mem- bers of dircrent Communities, as the Englijb and JmUans, are at prefent. And, on the other hand, let it be remembered, that we can fcarce ever txoi^ the Hearts of the Indians to be to- wards us, or any Faith to be kept by them with their Ame' rican Neighbours of oui' Nation, whenever it may be in their Power or Imereft to break it, while they are under the Influence of Romijb Principles and Miflionaries, as too niany of the Indians bordering on our Settlements are, an 1 as our Colonies have felt to their Coft. I am aware of feveral Objeflions that may be raifed from the Difficulties and other Circumftances attending a Defign of this Nature. But let us once think right, refolve well, and fet about) Qur good Purpofes heartily, and I am not without HopCi,] that all Obje£uons and Difficulties will vanifh before us. ^ Let .;■-» • -■■ (lo) Let us in this Refpcd fubmit to be taught Wifdom and IWifcy by our Enemies, let us look on the Progrcfs they have made in gaining over both Indians and Segroes to their Way, and let us blufli, not only blufli but grieve to " fte the b€& Caufe outdone in Zeal by the worft. - Fas eftk^ abHofie doceri. I am^ ^ivy Your bumble Servant, ^f'rfh'- ^ ■ Philolaos. < e following Queries M bumily profofed and fubmitted to the Publick. «t'. \ J 7^c^Ji«f th« l»t« happy Succefs at Cape Breton • ^If^ Aiould not be conTidered by the Emg/t/lb Nation flieanthe whole Body of the Briti/b Empire both in Eu- r and America^ as a Door opened not only to enlarge ir Trade and Power, but al£»to diiieminate our moft ptoe^n^^ccelleiit Religion among the Tndiam (efpeciaQy > Ithofe in the Freneh Imereft) and to fupply the Outtettlen lofovrown Natkm in the adjacent Parts with the Ordi- nances of the X90f]BeI» in Order to revive it among them* fclves, and fpread it amonff their Neighbovrs. 2. Whether in particu&r thofe /»^/a«r Tribes and Na- Itfons, which are deprived of a. Supply of Popiih Mifltona- lories, hy \hsA2Mx[i%QS Cape-BretoUf ihouldhotnow be fup- lied with Proteftant Miffionaries in theirPhce ; chiefly in- for Reaibns, and upon Principles truly Religious ; pardy alfo, to win them over and firmly attach them to e Engiiih Intereft j an Effect which the Engliih Americans ow to be highly defirable for their Safety and Advantage, confequently for that of their Mother Country ; by e(e Means,, true Religion and Virtue may gradually fuc- ed in the Place of Superftition and Idolatry ; and Hu- anity,. Faith and eood Morals, inilead of Cruelty,. Igno ^ and Jefuitical Principles, defbruftive of all the former. It is well known that notwithilanding the gr^at Affift- ices and Encouragements given by the Societies at Home,. i]M\^ Indians and Negroes ZM generally neglected (ex - }t in a very few Cafes) in ourPktwinces and Plantations, point of Religious Inftrudlion. No efFe^uail Method yet been £ittnd and pradtifed to train them up to In- ' dnftry * /.?: I r % t- 'i.- *> i% ( ( II ) duftry and true Religion: While, on the other Hand, thtt French and Spaniards haVc made them Prefelytes to their Way, and thereby rendered them more faithful and finh to themfelves, and more averfe and dans;erous to as. We have treated them as if they had no SouK to be faved, no PaiTions to be governed, no Affections to be gained orloft by relidous Obligations; while our Enemies have improved all the^ ConAderations to their own Advantage, and „ our Prejudice. Thefe Matters are known to be true by » Courfe of fome Experience among them. 3. Whether the Foundation of a School for inftniAif^ Youth (as a Nurfery both for Sea and Land) in the 1^^- ments of Learning (not only Grammatical but Mathema- tical for thofe who are proper Subjects of fach Infbu^oiQ and alfo in the Principles of Religion will not be intaA'^ fary Begimiing for the aforefaid good Purpofes, iX Cafe Brfton, efpecially in Hope that the Benefit and Example may in Time be extended to other Places. 4. Whether the Sound and plain InlbiiAions delivered in the excellent Catechifm and Liturgy of the Church of England, and the Method of our daily Prayers and Reid- ii^ the Holy Scriptures be not the purv?ft and fureft Way of^ropa^ating the Gofpel, free from any Mixture or Gor- ruption,''t6 which an extemporary Service, without Regairl to a found Form of Words, is known to be liable. And this Method, if approved, will be much affifled by the mit- ny good, pious and practical Trads diflributeid by fMi Societies for propagating the Go/pel^ and for promoting Chriftian Knotoledge. 5. Wjiether n School or Seminary founded on thefe Principles and for fuch Purpofes will not be truly ufeful and hopeful ? ' 6. whether a convenient Numi>er of the Scholars may not be defigned and dlotted to go and trade among tro Indians both by Land and Water, and at the fame Time to take proper Opportunities to' fettle Store Hmtfes and Schools among them under due Regulations, the former of which will draw them tt^the lialter, and fo lay a Fouit' dation for inftru^ting thcm^ and g^uning their Affe^Uons. / 'fh.\. 't. II .y (12) ^,: Itis Inimbly propofed and iiibmitted to his Excellency iffie Governor cfCafe Breton to begin a Foundation, juid ?let on Foot a Subicripion among the worthy Qfiicers and viOCJMTs for theaforeftid PurpoTes; which bvdving them jm pJMNMtanity of dedicating a Fart of thoie Spoils which tke^MH^ Giver of all Vieiory hath delivered into their Ifittlds, to his Honour, and the Service of Religion, will be m^eitodny of their Gratitude, and bring down the BleT- ^finn of Heaven on them, and their Enterprizes. It is alfo fubmitted to be confidered whether in caie, thsre be fome puUick Building already raifed Ky the ^frtHcb at Louimurg^ or^inally deiigned for fome fuch ,Vwrp/kf oratleailfor fome Religious Ufe; it may not moft properly be turned to the Ufes propofed in our Way : And therefore whether it be not in the Gover- .sor^s Power to begin and encourage fuch a Foundation., .^to his immortal Honour and Reward ? It is alfo fubmitted to Qonfideration, whether the Me- thod and Rules of the Charter Schools in Irelatuf, (the great Ufe and Succels of which has been found by Expe- rience andare known to their liberal Benefador * the Go- vernor of Gz/e Breton) will not afford a proper Scheme for Schools in j^merica^ in ieveral Cafes, as tending to train np the Children of the lower Clafs of People, both Ito'bom, Slaves and Mr'^ifff, at once in the profitable La- Jikgm 0f this Life, and in the neceltary Knowledge in #|>rdi^ to a better. AikI upon Refle^on it will be found, itluit ^ fimie Reafons are equally prevalent and condufive i^ IliQtIi "QMSsStvix, that of the Indians and Negroes abroad, lifif|M5;F?P^^*^^*® in Ireland, I ' KSi ^ifli obvjotts to lee, that however the Lot of War, ^ W Nec«^^ of bur Affkirs may difpofe of Cafe Breton, #^pfopoftd Method of Inftru£Uon mav be praaifed in all i6wt0^ux4^^^'ff'^^^^^^''^» <^ ^c fooner the bet- ter I :^iice b^lkeiMl Accbuiits from thence, of the renewed Crudtses of the iMf^A^y under French Influence, againft our ^ec^ imd' Set^einerits, the Expediency and Benefits jpf hamaniMing and convcrdiof them to our Religion ap- »|^earftioi^^. . «> * Adminl Warrtit» flNIfe M *3f 4: