IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 H 1^121 125 ■tt Ui 12.2 Hf itt "^ S[ Ufi 12.0 U 116 Hiotographic Sdences Corporalion 4^ 39 WMT MAIN STMIT WIUTIR.N.V. 14510 (7U)I73^»03 '^ w CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCIVIH Collection de mi Canadiairlnttitut* for Historical IWIicroroproductloni / inttltut canadion da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Taehnieal and Bibliographie NotM/NotM tachniquM at bibliographiquM Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. 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L'axamplaira film4 f ut raproduit grica k la gAnAroaiti da: Slminair* d« Qatbue BibiiothAqiM Laa imagaa suhrantaa ont 4t* roproduitoa avac la plua grand soin. compto tonu do la condition ot do la nottoti do I'oxompioiro fllmA. ot on confformiti avac laa conditiona du contrat da fHmaga. Original coploa in printad papar eovora ara fiimad baginning with tha front covor and anding on tho laat paga with a printad or illuatratad Impraa- tion, or tho bock covor whon appropri a ta. All other original copioo aro fHmod beginning on tho first pogo with a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion. and ending on the laat page with a printed or illustrated impro aa ion. Laa exompleiree origineux dont le eouverture en pepior eet imprim4e sent filmta on commonpant par le premier plot ot en terminent soit per la damlAro pego qui comporte une amprointo dimpreesion ou dliluetration. soit per le second plot, selon le ceo. Tous lee eutres exompleiree origineux sent filmte en commonpont per le premiere pego qui comporte une empreinte dimpreesion ou dlHustration ot en terminent per la demMre pego qui comporte une telle empreinte. Tho loot recorded frame on oooh microfleho shell contein tho eymbol — ^ (mooning "CON« TINUID"). or tho symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichever eppHoo* Un doe symbolee suivents spperettre sur le dom l Are imogo do cheque microfiche, selon le cae: le symbolo — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbolo ▼ signifie "RN". plotoe. charta, etc.. may be fHmod ot different reduction ratloe. Thooo too lergo to bo entirely inckidod in one expoouro ere fNmod beginning in tho upper loft hand comer, loft to right and top to bottom, aa many framee aa required. The following diograma INuatrato tho method: planches, tableeux. etc.. pouvont Atre fllmde A dee taux da reduction diffAronts. Loraque la document eet trop grend pour Atre reproduh en un soul cilchA. il eet filmA A pertir do I'englo supArieur gauche, do geucho A droite. ot do heut en bee. en pronent le nombre d'imegee nA c e ess iro. Lee diegremmee suivents illustrent le mAthodo. 12 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■d. ■i-,- •V''fci ^^. % .1 '• /i ; ^ib^^l\ • ^ «w. J Mfim f . 4 RIC. i -JJT C K r I M ■-. ^ ■i/ mm F / 1 FRENCH POLICY V. « DEFEATED. BEING. AN Account of all the hoftUe OP THE F R £ N C Againft the Inhabitants of the BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA, For the laft Seven Years. ALSO. The vigorous Meafures purfued both in Enolani» and America, to vindicate the Rights of the Bm* TisH Subjcdb, and the Honour of the Crown, from the Infults and Invafions of their perfidious Enen^les, W I T H A N Authentic Account of the Naval Engagement off Newfoundland, and the Taking of the Forts in the Bay of Fundy. ^— — i— — i— — ^— ' »> ■ Embellifhed with Two curious MAPS, Defcribtng all theCoafts, Bays, Lakes, Rivers, Soundings, ?incipal Towns and Forts, confining on the British Plantations in AMERICA, "^^^^ /^ L O N D o jvr.:T 9 Printed for M. Cooper, in Patei MDCCLV. (Pri(ie Twm ghillingi ) /.' la. W. & ££. TsJ^ouTH Ami "NXNT liST' ^x\srl?biLEw * ^;^w^_ .A « \\"iV *- ». • - f -lii v^ ^ \< xJk h J s. - ■•*'''.? fLcl Oil; lo'"! V. V. 1 ..:/ 4.?.^;; 'J Pt ii.' , i . . -• V.P ^ . - vV* oi ^ ^( 'i *,"/;iht« '^ -,1 rfp<«f.i.r». » ,4. «. A ^* >.^ f 1 " '. *:;.L :a r' wAi ^-' -i Wv-waAwu ^,^ ■*. » v^v-MM* ■#*!<— >y —'- * » »v ;. / 3 ■Nt'*. '4f-/'^/^. ing to be )ple, whp iperior to [Cingdomt nd'filory, vy, that if (hall not n. :atc of ouf ;y afforded it induced ife Bounds to adv^nc^ hev had nq ind in ^hat lave carried inhufnanly :ers, is the their Bar- and their (ijbmen are ftbeail*d itrvmeiit bythofe Iftria Alii* Ible Armi* thofetn^ )liiie theft [Hitt» M W ''Or them* leighboutl^ LLKA t^tAy GALLICA FIDES: OR, RENCH policy: HAT the Britijh Settlements and Plan- tations in America were at firft lawfully acquired, and ever (ince uninterruptedly pofleflfed, till the late Encroachments of the French^ W'U not, I fuppofe, be dif- puted by any one who is in the leaft ^ verfed in the Englijh Hiftory. Our Claim them, whether derived from Conqueft, Treaty, Grant, Purchafe, is juft and indifputable ; and they are as iiiuch the Property of the Britijh Crown as any other of ilB Dominions. They are all fubje^ to the King of 'Great Britain, who is their Head, Protestor, and Defen- der, and by whofe Authority their feveral Governments |lre directed and adminiftered. Whoever therefore in- vader, or encroaches upon the Territories of thefe Colo- ies might, with equal Juftice, invade the Eftates and ands ot any of thefe Three Kingdoms, which are more mediately under his Maje{ly*s Government. That there is an efTential Difference between Right d Wrong, is a Do£lrine allowed by all Nations, whe- er Chrijiian, Heathen, Jewijh, or Mahometan ; it is preffed on the Confcience of every Man ; it is a Law ivcn by the God of Nature } and iCingdoms as well as ndividuals are fubjc«St to it j neither can the Policy of a 'lachiavei, nor the Power of a Ca-far, alter the Nature f it. Your mighty Conquerors, who by their Flatterers ave been deified for their glorious Atchievements, have ccn juftly deemed, by the rational Part of Mankind, the greatcfl TyrantS| Robbers and Miirderers^ that A a evtf 4 GAL Lie A FIDES: Or, ever plagued the World. And' what are your refined Politicians, but the moft exquifite Knaves, who rack their Inventions for Pretences to invade the Territories of their peaceable and unthinking Neighbours? Such is the Difference between the Temper and Con- dud of the two Nations, the French and Englijh, The latter are a People brave, generous and open-hearted ; never pick Quarrels with their neighbouring States with a Defjgn to conquer or enflave them ; keep religiouiW to their Treaties, and are fo far from revenging an Affront or Injury, that they too often pocket Infults and the grofleft Provocations, without offering to do themfelves common Juftice ; an Infenfibility which frequently ex- jppfes them to the Jefl and Ridicule, not only of their Enemies, but of the whole World. But tho* the Brltijh Lion may be play'd with, yet, if you wound him to the Quick, he will inftantly rouze himfelf to Vengeance, and woe be to them that dare oppofe him' in his Fury. The Frtnchi on the other Hand, are an aartful infi- dious People, who are continually plotting fome Mifchief againft their Neighbours, if they have but the kaft Prof- pe£t of reaping an Advantage by it. By their Finefle and Chicanry in Politicks, they have gained more than ever they did by their Arms ; for they never rendered themfelves confpicuous, either for their Courage or Bra- very. No People in the World are more infolent iii Profperity, or more deje^d by Adverfity \ none more infulting when victorious, or more abje£): when conquered* They never will be at Peace till they are drubbed into it, and then keep it no longer than a fair Opportunity offers to break it ; and if that fails them, they are not long at a Lofs for Ways and Means to accomplifh their Purpofes. But that the Reader may not imagine that we blacken or diftort the Features oi our good Neighbours^ to make them look more ugly and frightful than Nature made them, the following Fres ch poliiicai CKEEDy written by Jean Petit, 1677, and tranflated from the French^ is a fuificient Proof, that we have done them no Injuflice. * Violence is but a bare Precaution. Conquerors * ought to provide for th*; future, by deftroying whatever * may hurt them. There is no Law but the Sword, the * Appetite of governing, and the Glory to be obuined < bv aggrandizing a Natioa at the Coft and Ryin of its * Neighbours. * Pity \ \ «• png at Irpofes. Ilacken make made fritten mchf is iilice. ^uerors latever |rd, the >tained of its » Pity FRENCH POLICY. ^ * Pity is a cowardly Virtue, which overthrows a * Crown, whofe beft Support is Fear i and Impiety its * Foundation. * Arms infpire Reverence among Men, and Troops * are the admirable Advocates, which plead a Caufe ' beft. The Proclamation of Cannon is above all other « Titles. * Juftice is a Phantom ; Reafon a Chimera ; Marriage < a Trifle 5 Faith of Treaties an Illufion ; Peace but a < Bait to deceive a People into a State of dangerous * Security ; their Conferences enfnaring, and their Oaths * but Sport for Children, a Trap to catch a Cully, and a * Charm for Fools. * They further believe and lay, that they may attempt * and do any Thing to difturb their Neighbours, and to *■ fow Divifions among them ; even when they profefs the * greateft Regard and Friendfhip for them. That Per- ■ * jury is juft, ana that 111 may be done, wherever they * can reap any Advantage from it. That Sincerity ruins * them i Perndioufnefs is profitable $ Impofture of much * BeneHt ; Infidelity is the Charter of a Prince ; Faith a * foolifli Maxim ; keeping their Word but a mean Com- * pliance ; and Violence the proper Hinge to move upon. * Therefore they neither regard Sighs nor Tears j they * fpeak one Thing and do another, make great Promifes, * and never perfoim any; their Mouth flatters, while * their Hearts betray j they never ihew any Friend(hip * without fome private End ; Vengeance is fwect to them i * their Protedion is heavy, they embrace with one Arm, ' and fmother with the other. Franct is the Proteus of * the Age, and can put on a thoufand Faces. She enters * like a Lamb, tranforms herfelf into a Fox, and becomes, * as Occafion fcrves, a devouring Wolf. They never * pardon, are never furprized, and their Ways are paft * finding out ; carrying on all their Schemes with a dou- * ble Face, a charming Voice, and a fludied Behaviour ; * and never ceafing till they can enflave or drive the * People to Defpair. * Hence Qiieen Elizabeth was wont to fay, France may * be efpoufed as a Friend, but never approved as a Neigh- * hour.* This being the known Chara A ^i GALLICA FIDES: Or, monly produces 1200, and fometimcs 2000. The Corn is of three feveral Colours, viz. blue, white, and yellow. Befides the Foreft Trees of Old England, they have Ce- dar, Cyprefs, Pine, and Fir-trees. Their Fir-trees are of a prodigious Bulk, ^nd furnilh the Royal Navy of England with Mafts and Yards j and they draw from thefe and other Treas Pitch, Tar, Rofin, Turpentine, Gum and Balm ; and the Soil is proper for Hemp and Flax, To that a Ship may be built and rigg'd out with the Produce of the Soil -, and Ship- building is a confiderable Employment in this Country. i They manufa£lure coarfe Linen and Woollen Cloth for their own Wear ; as well as Iron Tools and Utenfils ; likewife Hats and Paper, from which Old England would divert them, as being prejudicial to their Mother Country. They have a good Trade by Sea to the Br'ttijh Sugar Colonies, and with the Dutch at Surinam and Curajfau near Terra Firma, whither they fend Horfes, Salt Provi- fions, and Lumber, that is, Deal-boards, Pipe-ftaves^ ' Hoops, and Shingles ; they fend their Ships alfo to the Bay of Honduras for Logwood, which they tranfport to Europe i as they do alfo Sugar from the JFefi ladies, atuj, Frfli from Newfoundland, '^ Ur-v NEfr YORK with the Jerfeys, Situated between 72 and 76 Dejirees Weft Longitude, Length 200 Miles. Between 41 and 44 Degrees North Latitude, Breadth 100 Miles. Bounded by Canada, on the North j by New England, Eaft i by tlic American Sea, South ; and by De la War Jliver, which divides it from Penfylvania, on the Weft. Pivifions. Provinces, Eaft, New Tori, Weft. The>M ^ £^.^^,^^ r Long IJland, and the 1 South, J reft of the Iflands > Southampton, \ ncar//«<;^«'5River, } Chief Towns. {New York, . Albany, C Burlington, Tl flat CI River f tainoul been Thj Hud[o\ their the otl Onl Wz. 01 Five and ar^ and thi Befu cipal Mauri The Englan The The FRENCH POLICY- »5 The Jerfeys^ and the South Part of New Ybrk, are low^ liat Countries, but afcending 20 or 30 Miles up Hudfon*%. River to the Norths the Country is rocky and- nnoun- tainous, and covered with Woods^ except where it has- been cleared by the Planters* There arc feveral excellent Harbours at the Mouth of> Hudfin* s River i and in De la fFar River, which have their Courfe from North to South ; one in the Eaft, and* the other in the Weft Confines ef thefe Provinces. On the North-weft th^rc are feveral extenfive Lakes^* viz. of Champlain, Ontorio, and Erie. The Iroquok^ or Five Nations, lie upon the Lakes of Ontario and Erie $ and are in Alliance with Great Britain againft the French^ and their Indians of Canada. Befides the Rivers of Hudfon and De la War^ the prin- cipal are, the Mohawk River, Ohandago, Ravitan, and Maurice Rivers. The Air and Seafons differ little or nothing from New England. The Inhabitants of the North-weft Part of this Coun- try are the Iroquois j a People no lefs famous for their in** trepid Bravery in War, than for the Gentlenefs and Hu- mility of their Behaviour and Temper j they are conftant Enemies to the French, who therefore reprefent them as the moft barbarous Savage!). Under all the Difadvantages • of Ignorance in Literature and Want of Education, they * difcover a npble and furprizing Genius, Never did the^' ' old Romans exprefs a greater Love for their Country, or a more generous Contempt of Death in the Caufe of Li»^ ' berty, than thefe People have (hevi^n upon all interefting Occafions i to which we may add their Hofpitality and- ' courteous Behaviour to Strangers. Every Nation of the Iroquois makes a diftin£t Repub- - lick, which, in Time of Peace, is governed by their Sachems or Civil Magiftrates and, in War, by their • Captains or Warriors j but nothing of Importance is re- ' folved on or executed, without a Confukation with the - Heads of the Tribes. As to the Religion of the Iroquois,, they acknowledge ' a fupreme Being, whom they call the Prel'erver of the • Univerfe, and believe a future State of Rewards and Pu- niftinienisj but their Notions of it are very obicure, as that i6 GAL Lie A FIDES: Or, that the Rewards of the Good will confift in the En- joyment of the Pleafures they moft afTedl in this Life. The Frtnch Priefts have been extremely diligent in, converting thefe People to Chriilianity \ and indeed have met with too much Succefs, owing to the Negligence of our own People, and to the Zeal of the Miffionarie3 in gaining Converts to Popery, having drawn off great Part of the Mohawk Nation from their Alliance with the Englijh, and even perfuaded them to leave their native Country, and fettle in French Canada, where they have built them a ftafely Church. Thofe who remain firn^ in the Intereft of the EngUJhj are occafionally inftrudled by the Englijh and Dutch Miniflers, as they come to trade^ and have always (hewn a[ ready Difpofition to embrace the Gofpel. Thofe of them who live at Albany are all brought up to the Profeffion of Chriftianity, and the Generality of them are baptized. As moft of them are Perfons of good Senfe and Underftanding, they readily apprehend the In-* ftrudlions that are given them, and are fo well fatisfied of the Truth of the Doctrines taught them, that they have earneftly defired to have a Chriftian Minifter fettled among them. Accordingly the Society for propogating the Golpel, to encourage this good Difpofition, fent them a Catechift, a Native of America^ who has refided among them, and, being Mufler of their Language^ has met with very great Succefs. The Produce of New Tork and the yerfeys confifts in Cattle, a good Breed of Horfes, and Plenty of Wheat and other Grain, as well as Fifh. The Sugar Colonies are fupplied from hence with Flour, Salt, Beef, Pork, and Salt Fifli ; with Timber, Plank, and Pipe Staves ; and large Quantities of faked and dried Fifli, which they bring from Newfoundland, are exported from hence to Spain, Portugal^ Italy, and other Countries of Europe, They like wife traffick with the Logwood- Cutters in the Bay of Honduras, and with the Spanijh Settlements, and exchange the ]\'anufa6turesof£«r<7/>^fbr Treafure, which they fend to England as Merchandize; they fend to us likewife Whale-oil and Bone, and in Return have the Manufa men to bring their Veffels up to the Planters Doors to receive their Freights of Tobacco, (ffr . The Air of this Country, in fome Parts of the Sum- mer, is excelfive hot, and as extremely cold in Winter, when the North-weft Wind blows. Their Winters feldom exceed three or four Months, in which they rarely have one Month of bad Weather » for the reft of the Year, they are happy in a clear Air, a bright Sun, and fcarce ever troubled with Fogs. When Maryland was firft fettled, it was inhabited by feverai Nations of Indians, governed by petty Kings j but now there are not 500 fighting Men of them in the Pro- vince, and the greateft Part of thefe are on the Eaftern Shore. Here they have two or three little Towns j fome of them go over to the Weft, in the Winter, to hunt fat Deer, in which they are commonly employed by the Englijh. This is their chief Employment, and it is rare that any of them will take to any other Kind of Bufinefs. Their Numbers have not been diminifbed with any Wars with the En^liJh, but from the frequent Quarrels and Broils among themfelves, to which may be added their Drinking and other Vices, which they learnt from the Engltfi>. They have admirable Capacities, which, if properly dire6ted. might be made very fervice- able to Religion and the Government under which they live : But whut can they learn from the debauched Lives and wicked Practices of the Chriftians they live among, but to be much worfe than they were in their orig'vnal State of Nature. The printipal Produce of this Country is Tobacco, v/hich is here \)Ianted and cultivated with as much App'i- cation us in I'irgin'tay which they likewife fend to England : Bcfides which, the Country produces moft of the Graii) and Fruitj of Eurcpe and America. Tiic Planters live in C 2 . Farms 20 GAL Lie A Fines rOtr Farms difperfed all over the Cogntry, or on the Sea Coaft* They do not chufe to confine themfelves in Towns, ei- ther here or in Virginia^ becaufe that would not be io convenient for the Management of their Plantations. VIRGINIA. Situated between 74 and 80 Degrees Weft Longitude, Length 240 Miles. Between 36 and 39 Degrees North Latitude, Breadth 200 Miles. Bounded by the River Patomaci, which divides it from Maryland, on the North-Eaft j by the Jtlantlc Ocean, on the Eart j by Carolina, on the South j and by the Jpulachian Mountains, on the Weft. It may be divided into four Parts, viz. I. The North. 2. The Middle. 3. The South. 4. The Eaft. Divifions. The North, The Middle, The South, Counties. i Northumberland, Lancajhirt, PFeJimorlandy Richmond, Stafford, EJex, middlejex, Glouce/ier, King and S^een, King fVilUam, New Kent, Elizabeth, If^arwick, y'orky ^ Princcfs Anne, Norfolk, Nanjamund, life of IVight, Surrey, Prince George, Charles, Henrico, James, Parifties. JVicomoa, Chri/i Church, Farnham, St.PauL Farnham, Chri/i Church, Abington, Stratton, St. John, St. Peter, Eiizabeth, Denly, Tori, Lyn Haven, Elizabeth, Chtikatuk, Newport, Soutljwark, li'yanotre, JVtfiover, Bri/lol, James Town, JVilUamfburg. Acomac, Ea Hern, between C^//^-r //f(?OT<7^, peak Bay and the Ocean, t Northumberland, Hurigfrs. . Virginia, rRENCM l*OLfCY. si Vtrginla^ from the Ocean, appears to be a low Land ; and fo indeed it is, for there is fcarce a Hill or a Stone Co be met with for an hundred Miles up in the Country i which,- before it was planted, was either Forefts, or Bogs and Moraifes, which they call Swamps, and fuch is the greateft Part of it at this Time. Their Trees are ex- ceeding lofty, but no Underwood or Bufhes grow be- neath. *Tis pleafant travelling thro' thefe Forefts, for you have always a Shade to defend you from the Heat of the Sun. The great Bay of Chefeptah runs thro' Virginia and Maryland^ upwards of 300 Miles, almoft due North, and is navigable mod Part of the Way for large Ships. The Entrance of this Bay is between two Promontories, called Cape Charles and Cape Henry. Four great Rivers, which rife in the Apulachian Moun- tains, fall into this Bay, in their Courfe from the North- weft to the South-eaft ; of thefe, the moft foutherly is James River, its Indian Name was Powhatan, being ge- nerally about two Miles over, and navigable 80 Miles at leaft. York River, called by the Indians Pamuntryy is a little to the Northward of James River; North of York River, is the River of Patowmacky which is navigable near 200 Miles, and is nine Miles broad in fome Places, ' but generally about feven. The Air and Seafons are governed chiefly by the Wind ; the North and North-weft Winds are very nitrous and piercing cold, and clear, or ftormy ; the South-eaft and South, hazy and fultry hot ; in Winter they enjoy a fine clear Air, and dry, which make it very pleafant ; their Frofts are fhort, but fometimes fo fevere, that it freezes the Rivers over three Miles broad. Snow fometimes falls in pretty large Quantities, but feldom continues above a Day or two ; Spring there is about a Month earlier than in England', in April they have frequent Rains ; in May and June, the Heat being increafed, it is much like our Summer, and is refreih'd with gentle Breezes, that rife about nine o' Clock, and increafe or decline, as the Sun rifes and falls. In July and Augujl thefe Breezes ccafe, and the Air be- ■ comes ftagnant and fultry hot, with confiderable Rains, which occafion Fluxes, and various other Diftempers. In aa G4L L ICA] FID BS: Or, In Virginia it is computed there are upwards of a him<> dred thoqfand Souls, excluiive of Servants and Slaves* which are above three Times that Number. The Indians of this Country are born tolerably white, but darken their Complexions by fmearing themfelvesi •with Greafe, and lying in the Sun ; they paint their Faces, Breafts, and Shoulders, of various Colours, but generally red. They have good Features, efpecially the Women ; their Limbs are clean and ftreight } and a crooked or de- formed Perfon is fcarce ever feen among them* Their Chiefs adorn themfelves with a Coronet of Fea-' thers, and fometimes ftufF and dry the Skin of a Fowl, and wear it on their Heads j their Ornaments are Ear- rings of Copper, Chains, Shells, Feathers and Beads about their Necks, and Bracelets of the fame roind theic Arms. ^, ^t;,^ ,;, ...,^ Their only Cloathing Is a l^iece of Skin about their Waifts, which reaches down to their Knees } thofe of a higher Rank have the Skin of a Deer, or fome other Beaft, thrown over them for a Mantle j their Shoes and Buf^ins arc likewife made of Skins. . ? The Indiana in general have good Underftanding, are quick of Apprehenfion, fudden in Difpatch, fubtle in their Dealings, and very induftrious. There are no bet- ter Markfinen in the World with Bow and Arrow than they ; for they will kill Birds flying, Fiihcs fwimming, and Beails running ; and (hoot their Arrows with fuch prodigious Force, that one of them ihot an Englijhman quite through, and nail'd both his Arms to his Body with an Arrow^. They did not know the Ufe of Iron till the Bnglijh taught ihem, and the Copper they had ferved only fo^ Ornaments ; their edged Tools were fliarp Stones, or Shells ft't in Wood ; their Method of felling Timber wa^ by burning i*: down. Their ufual Food is Indian Corn boil'd to a Pulp, which they call Hommony, and is not much unlike our buttcr'd Wheat ; they feed likewife upon Venifon, Fifli and Fov^I j and they employ greatefl Part of their Time in hunting lJc;ifls and Fowls, and catching them, for they have no tame Fools. The principal Produi^ of the Country is Tobacco, the belt in the World \ and yet the Land is generally fandy, and FRENCH P6LtCt, •.jf ftS and 'tind of a (hallow Mould ; fo that after they have cleared a frefli Piece of Ground out of the Woods, they have not above two or three Crops of Tobacco^ ttnlefs it bt cow- penned or well dunged. Thcfe are a great VaHety of fpontaneous Flowers ; particularly, the fineft Crown Imperial in the World ; the Cardinal Flower, fo much admired for fcarlet Co- lour; and the Plains and Vallies almoft all the Year round, are beautified with Flowers of one kind or other. Alfo the Tulip-bearing Laurel-tree, which has the plea- ianteft Smell in the World, and keeps blofToming and feeding for feveral Months fucceffively. In many Places the Silk-grafs grows fpontaneoufly ; of which great Advantages might be made, as its Fibres are as fine as Flax, and much Wronger than Hemp. ' Great Variety of Incenfe and fweet Gums diilil from feveral Kinds of Trees in the Woods. Here likewife may be produced all forts of naval Stores, as Pitch, Tar, Rofin, Turpentine, Plank-timber, Mafls and Yards, alfo Sails, Cordage and Iron ; all which may be tranfported at an eafy Freightage to Great Britc^n. The Difcovery of the North-eaft Part of the Conti- nent of America was firft made by Sebajiian Caboty a Native of Brifiol ; who was employed by King Henry VII. in the Year 1497, ^° ^"*^ °"^ ^ North- welt Faflage to China : But altho' Cabot could not accomplifh this, yet he difcovered all the North-eaft Coaft of America from Cape Floridoy in 25 Degrees of North Latitude, to 67 and half; from whence England c\2inr\td a Right to that Country, prior to the Spaniards^ or any other European Power : And the Reafon why no Attempt was made to plant or fettle Colonies in North America tor a confidcra- ble Time, Cabot himfelf informs us, was the Wars that happened immediately after. . CAROLINA^ North and South, and GEORGIA, Situated between 75 and 86 Degrees Weft Longitude, Length 500 Miles. Between 30 and 36 Degrees North Latitude, Breadth uncertain. Carolina, if extended to the Weftward, as far as the Charters would juftify, or as far as the Cherikee Indians, our Allies, extends, wc might make the River Miffijippi the Wcftcra Boundary, which falls into tiic G»jlph of Mixico^ gi4 GAL Lie A FfDE^S: Oc, Mexico, in 95 Degrees of Weftern XiOngitude s but if wc confine ourfelves to the Lands that are a^u?(Vy plant" ed by theMngli/b, we muft not extend it above 200 Miles Weft of the Atlantic Ocean. The Freneb are but late Intruders, and made their Settlements fince the Year 1720, for all on the Eaft of that River belongs to the Engltjh \ and all to the Weft, to the Spaniard^, who ac' tually deftroy'd fome of the Forts ere(4cd by the FrenS on the weft Side of that River : But fince th^ Union of .the two Kingdoms, of France and Spain^ the Spmtards wink at the French Encroachments : And if the jE^Hftf ihould allow them to poftefs the £aft Side of Mijj^tppi, and raife Forts there, our Colonies in Carolina will be in a precarious Situation. Georgia, which borders the fouthern Limits of this Country, is in a very unfettled Condition ; for the Spaniards claim that Country as a Part of Spanijh Florida j but the EngUJh infift, that Ca- rolina extends as far as the River of St. John, in 30 De^ grees of North Latitude ; but how the CommiiTaries ap' pointed to fettle this Matter will agree, is hard to fay. However, to give Carolina the Bounds which of Right it ought to have againft both French and Spani/b Florida^ will be to bound Carolina by Virginia on the North ; by the Atlantic Ocean on the Weft ; by the River of Sit, John on the South ; and the River Mijfifippi on the Weftj and throw it into three Divifions, viz. i. North Carolina. 2. South Carolina ', and 3. Geor^. Divifions. North Carolina •1 Counties. Albemarle, Bath County, Clarendon Part, Partihes. Divided into Pa- rifties, but has no Towns. Towns. r Clarendon in Part, "^5/. James, c ^t r> V \ Craven, I Chrifl Church, South Carolina, or J « ,. ' \^nL t f the D a Treaty 28 GALLIC J FIDES: Or, Treaty of Albany^ « That it was a gone Cafe, and that * it was a Thing beyond all Doubt or Difpute what was < never like to be done, thefe Nations were loft to the « Britijh intereft.* By various Accounts it is abundantly confirmed, that about one half of the Onootauguas have a mentioned Peninfula appeared to be the beft Place, as well on Account of its commodious Situation, as the Fertility of its Soil, which is a red Clay. Tlie Wood being chiefly Oak, Afti, Beach, Birch, 6f£. the able-bodied Men on Board each Ship were employed in clearing Ground for a Town at the South Point of the Peninfula, and at the Entrance of Sandwich River, which at firft ap- peared to be the beft Spot, being det'enfible, and having the Advantage of the River being navigable a great Way up ; but, upon E}£amination, the ftrungeft Objeflions were found againft this Place; a Shoal off* the Point, which made u very convenient for a Fort, was, however, apprehended to be dangerous fo near a 'I'own, being fo ihallow, that, at a Cable's Length from the Shore, fmall Boats ftrike upon the Rock ; bcfiJei;, it was evident from the Beach, that a prodigious Sea muft come in at Winter ; and the Soil too proved bud, ftony near the Shore, and fwampy FRENCH POLICY. n fwampy behind. Another Spot therefore was chofen by the Governor, about a Mile and a half North of it on the Harbour Side ; *ti8 upon the Slope of a rifing Ground, that commands the whole Peninfula, and will fticlter the Town from the North-weft Winds. The Beach is a iine Gravel, convenient for fmall Boats ; the Anchorage is every where good, within Gun-fhot of the Town, for large Ships, and there are feveral Rivulets of frelh and wholefome Water about it. We have already cleared about twenty Acres of Land, and every one has a Hut by his Tent. Our Work goes on brifkLy, and the Method of employing the People ia Ship's Companies has had a very good Effect, in creating an Emulation amongft us, every one.ftriving who ihall do moft ; and as the Governor is preparing to lay out the Lots of Land, we (hall foon have a very convenient and pleafant Town built, which is to be called Halljfbxj in Honour of the great and noble Lord, to whom this Set* tlement owes its Beginning, and whofe indefatigable Zeal for the Honour and Intereft of his Country is well known ^ fo that we hope in Time to become a flouriftiing Colony. There are already feveral Wharfs built, and one Gen* tleman is preparing to ere£l a Saw-mill. Publick Store* houfes are alfo building, and Grains of various Soits have been fown. We have received conftant Supplies «f Plank and Timber for building our Houfes, alfo freOi Stock, and Rum in great Quantities, twenty Scooners frequently coming in one Day. We have alfo had a hundred Beeves, and fome Sheep, brought down to us by Land from the French Settlement at Mint/s, which is about 30 Miles from the Bottom of Bedford Buy^ and to which we pur* pofe to cut a Road, the French Deputies, who came to make their Submiflion, having promifcd to fend us fifty Men for that Purpofe, and to aflift us as far as they are able. We h:we likowile received the like Promife of Fricndfl)ip and Afliftance from the Indians, their Chiefs having been with our Governor for that Purpofe : In fhort, every Thing is in a very profpcrous Way. But I {hould be equally unjuit and ungrateful, was I to conclude my Letter without paying that Tribute, which is juftly due to our Governor, whofe indefatigable Zeal and prudent Condu»5t, in the difficult Tafk he is to go through with, can never be fufficiciuly admired. He fecms to have £ notlun^ ■l " '34 GALLIC A FIDES: Or, nothing in View but the Intereft and Happlnefs of al] ; and his Commands are mixed with To much Humany and Goodnefs, that it is impoilible not to love and obey him at the fame Time." This was the Situation of the new Colony about a Year after its firfl Settlement j a more particular Defcrip- tion of the Country here follows. Nova Scotia is the moft northerly and eafterly Province of the Englijh Range on the Continent, and confequently the neareft to Europe. It was called Nova Scotia by Sir IVilliam Alexander, Secretary of State for Scotland, under King James I. and afterwards created Earl of Stirling, By Means of Sir Ferdinando George, Prefident of the New England or Plymouth Company, he obtained a Royal Grant for this Traft in 162 1. As to the Climate, it is not, indeed, fo agreeable as the Southern Parts of France, tho* fituate in the fame De- grees of Latitude, becaufe it is fubje£l: to fevere Colds, and thick Fogs ; but it will be much better and better every Day, in Proportion as the Woods are cut down, and the Country cleared and improved ; and when the Country to the North of it comes to be a little cleared and inhabited, it may, perhaps, become one of the plea- fanteft Spots upon the Globej for according to Charli' voix^s Account, there is not a Country in the World of its Extent where we meet with fewer natural Harbours, or which more abundantly produces all the Conveniencies of Life. In Confirmation of which be fays, that, near the Harbour of La Haive, one fingle Grain of Wheat produced 150 pretty Ears of Corn, and each of them fo loaded with Grain, that they were forced to inclofe all the Ears in a Ring of Iron, and fupport them by a Pole; and that near the fame Place there was a Field of Wheat, where every Grain of the Seed, even thofe that produced leaft, put forth eight Stalks, every one of which had aa Ear of at leaft half a Foot long. The River of St. John, ten Leagues diftant from the Gut of Annapolis, a very ufeful River, ot long Courfe, and has a confiderable Tribe of the Anaqui Indians fet- tled upon it i but they are at prefent, from the Negle«Sl of the Nova Scotia Government, in the Intereft of the Canadan French. There are prodigious Falls of Tide in this River, near its Mouth, of not Icis than 30 Fathoms ^ n»t FRENCH POLICY. 35 not properly Catarafts, occafioned by a Courfe of Rocks, but the EfFeft of a great Head of Water above, the Chan- nel being pent up between two Mountains. By this River, and the Help of fome Land Carriage, there is a Communication with the River of St. Lawrence^ and acrofs that, with ^tebec the Metropolis of Canada. More northerly, is Cape Dore^ or Gilt Cape, about 30 Leagues from Annapolis. Here is plenty of Mineral Coal for Firing, which muft be reckoned a very great natural Advantage. Some Years ago a Company was fet on Foot in New England^ to work tne Mines : But tho* that Project: was foon dropped with Lofs, a better Ufe will, doubtlefs, be made of this Treafure, when Nova Scotia itfelf comes to be inhabited. About the fame Cape are fome {lender Veins of Copper Ore, fome thin Laminae of Virgin Copper, and a Gold Sulphur Marcafite. Upon the eafterly Shore, or Gulph of St. Lawrence^ after we have pafTed the Point, is the Gut of Canfo^ it is a (hort and fafe Paflage from the Britijh Settlements to Canada River, and to all the other Parts of Nova Scotia upon this Gulph. This Gulph is fix Leagues long, and only one League broad ; the Navigation of it is very good, as appears from the Journal of Captain Gayton^ who paifed It in 1746, on a Cruife to Gre enBay. Twenty-five Leagues beyond tne Gut, is Tatamagarut' hon, a confiderable Diftri^ or Settlement for the Nova Scotians, and a good Road for Veffcls. Green Bay, or BayVerte, lies 14 Leagues further, and is (hallow Water. This is the Landing-place from Canada, where Diftur- bances from the French is chiefly to be apprehended, and ought peculiarly to be guarded agatnft in the Settlement of Nova Scotia. There are four Miles Land Carriage from this Bay to ChigneSto River, which runs by a French Town of the fame Name into the oppofite Bay, dividing the I/ihmus in the narrowed Part. It is proper here to take Notice, that on the Side of Chigne£fo Bay, the Tide flows eleven Fathoms : But on the Gulph of St. Law^ rence or Green Bay Side, the Swell is not above four or five Feet. Farther upwards, before we reach JJJe Bonaventure, and JJle Peace, where the French, by the Treaty of Utrecht, have a Right to cure and dry Codfifti, we come to Mi- E 2 rachi / ■1 III i',{ I 36 GAL Lie A FIDES: Or, rachi Port, at the Mouth of a long River of the fame Name, where I do not find any Settlement. There are fome other fmall Bays, betwixt this and that of Chaleurs (fo called by the French) which runs a great Way into the Land, and has a fmall Ifland at the Bottom of it, befide feveral others near the Entrance. Then proceed- ing towards the River St. Lawrence, below the South En- trance of that River, lies the Bay of Gafpee, which is a deep and good Harbour. Here the French^ contrary to Treaty, have continued to carry on their Fifhery, and pretend to afTume to themfelves a Right over the Coun- try behind it, which they diftinguiflied in their moderr^. Maps by the Name of Gafpefee. This Name indeed they do fometimes extend fo far, as to take off the greateft Part of Nava Scotia^ and leave us little, if any Thing, more under the Title of Acadia, than the Peninfula. Such a Paper-encroachment, if not well attended to, may in Time be conilrucd into a Sort of Claim by Prefcrip- tion. But as this Province is now thought worthy the Regard of the Adminillration, it is to be hoped the true and ancient Limits of it will be properly ailerted : For tho' we may not fuddenly fettle more of it than the Pen- infula, yet an Indulgence to our Rivals, in the other Parts, will be a greattCheck to the Induftry of our Colonies. Nova Scotia is at prefent divided into ten or twelve Diftri6ls, each Diftridt annually chufes one Deputy, to be approved by the Commander and Council at JnnapoIiSt He is a fort of Agent for his Countrymen, the French, in that Diflri voted 600/. to be laid out for the Support of the faid Indians in Alliance with the Englijh 5 and at the fame Time voted 300 /. as a Prefent of Con- dolance to the Twightwee Indians, who fuffer'd by the French in Manner above-mentioned. ,*■ *• Nov. 24, 1752, the Great and General Court of Af- fembly niet at Bojlon, when Lieutenant Governor Phips^ in a Speech to them, among other Things, faid, • You « will find by the Journal of the Commiffioncrs I fent to « treat with the Eaftern Nations, that we have fucceeded * as well as we could expeil, and I hope the Conference * will have a good Tendency to prevent any further Mo- * leftation to our Frontiers. You are fenfible how great < an Influence the French have over thofe Indians ; and < to that muft be imputed the Refufal of the St, Fran- * cois Tribes, as we commonly diftinguiih them, to ap- * pear with the Ponobfcots, and fuch of the Norridgewock * as joined with them.* About the fame Time, Mr. Alexander M^Gentry, an Indian Trader from Albany, arrived at New York, and in- formed, that he, in Company with feveral others, were taken on the South Side of Algeny River by upwards of 100 French Indians'^ that two Days after one Jama Laivry made his Efcape, and fince perifh'd in the Woods, the reft after a long March, arrived at Montreal. They often folicited the French to be releafed from the Indians ; who told them, they were not their Prifoners, but the Indians, and that they had no Orders from them to mo- left any Englijhman, tho* the Indians affirmed the con»^ trary, Mr. M-Gcntry got his Freedom for a valuable Ranfom, and left at Montreal two of his Companions, who were to be fent to ^tcbec, in order to be tranfported to 0/d France. There were marty of the Indians, however, honeft enough to defpifc the Bribes offered them by the French to break their Engngements with thp Englijh, particu- larly tlir FanUei \ as appears from the following Copy of a Trvaty toi'.clucicd at Co^e CgoJI Cajile between England and the lantec Nation, on the 6th of February, 1753. We FRENCH POLICY. S9 to ap« were We the BrafFoe and Curranteers, the Priefts and Peo- ple oi Fantee do declare, that our Fathers, under the Con- duft of their BrafFoe Imorah^ were brought by the Englijh from the Country now Ananias and by them furniftied with Arms, Ammunition and Money, not only to take PofTeffion of this Land inhabited by us, but likewife to conquer all thofe States around us at prefent fubjet^ to our Dominion. And whereas we are certainly informed that within thefe ten Years paft, feveral Subjects of the French King have been endeavouring by Bribes of various Kinds, not only to difTolve that clofe tlonnedion between the Englijh and Fantee Nation, which we look upon as our greateft Security, but likewife to procure to themfelves fome of the Ground which was conquered at the fn^/Z/^Expence; which, befides the natural Injuftice of the Thing, can have no other Tendency, than to introduce jarring Inte- refts and Divifions among us, and thereby deliver us up as an eafy Prey to our Enemies. For thefe Reafons, and to recognize, the Rights of the £»^/i/^ Nation in the moft folemn and authentic Man- ner, and to cut ofF all Claims and Pretenfions of any other Nation whatfoever ; we the whole People of Fantecy did, on the 26th of OSfober laft, afFemble at Munnin, and then unanimoufly pafled the following Law to be Condi- tutional ; and publickly, according to khe wonted Form of our Anceftors, denounce a Curfe upon ourfelves, or any of our Pofterity, who fhall attempt, either direftly or indireftly, to break thro* it. * Be it known to all the People of Fantee, and to all un- * der their Obedience, that we the BrafFoe and Curran- * teers, the Priefh and People of Fantee, do enadt and * ordain. That no Subjeft of the French King fhall ever ' be permitted to fettle any where, either by building * Forts, or otherwife, between ^4ecn Anne's Point and * Jame^s Fort, Jura : And that whoever attempts to har- * hour them in his Houfe fhall, on the Proof of the Fad, * be adjudged guilty of Tre^fon againfl his Country, and * punifhed accordingly.* And as a farther Proof of the Reality of our Inten- tions, and to fecure, as far as in us lies, the Englijh In- tereft in this Country, and to engage them, by our can- did B^fhavigur, to coutiftue to «.s that Pipt^aipn which ^f 46 GALLIC A FIDES: Or,' by long Experience we have found (o benificial, we the aforefaid BrafFoe and Curranteers, the Priefts and People oT Fantee^ have judged it proper and neceflary, to fend the following Perfons, Imorah the Son of Adnafer^ l^c. l^c. Duly and fully authorized, to Cape Coaji Cajile^ and there, in Prefence of the Prefident and Council, to fwear Allegiance and Fealty to the Englijh Nation, and to deliver the following Hoftages, wz. Cudjae Anmoma\ ' Sifter's Son to the Braffoe of tantee^ from thfe faid Braf- foe and Curranteers j likewife ^abino Sahi^ ^mcoo and Coffee into their Hands, to remain as Pledges of our punc- tual Obfervance of .the above Law. We the aforefaid Perfons, Deputies from the BrafFoe and Curranteers, the Priefts and People of Fantee, being tiuly and fully authorized, having, according to the Cuf- tom of our Country, and the Form prefcribed by our Religion, as likewife according to the Cuftom of the Englijh and the Form prefcribed by their Religion, fworn to the due Peiformance of the aforefaid Law, and have in Confcquence fct out Marks to two Originals of this Recognition, being firft read and interpreted to us, in the Prefence of the faid Prefident and Council, on the 6th of February^ J753> according to the white Mens Manner of Computation in Europe. The above Recognition was executed at Cape Cca/i Cajiliy by the Parties therein mentioned, the Day and Year above written. John Cockburn^ Captain of of his Majefty's Ship the Glory. Thomas Melv'tn^ Governor. Jojeph Har- t/iery Acconiptant. Mathcw Machaell^ Surgeon, Chri_/}. If^jitU'lsy Secretary. John JVilltams^ Lieu- tenant of the Glory. IVill'tam Lille^ Surgeon. Let our mo/i Chr'i/lian Neighbours read this, znd b/u^, if tlicy can, when they fee thefe poor unchrjjUan Heathen j4frkans io pun<5tual to their Engagements, fo grateful in rememhering the good Offices formerly done thenj, and fo anxious to remove the ieaft Ground of Sufpicion, of their failing off to the Enemies of the Englijh their Allies. About the fame Time, the Chiefs of the Creeks and Che- rokee Ifulians, were at South Carolina^ and confirmed in the Governor's Pretence, the Peace lately made be- tween them, and gave the ftroncjeft Afluranccs to obferve it tak< FRENCH POLICY. 41 it. Thefe two Nations have been frequently fet at Va- riance by the Artifices of the French^ and much weakened thereby ; but they ftill make up a Number of between 5 and 6000 Gun-men. ,U - Another Inftance of the Malice wherewith the French have infpired their Indians againft the EngUJhy appears by a Letter dated at Bojion, May 28, that a Veffel from PrO' vidence in New England bound for Louijburgh, was lately caft away on the Cape Sable Shore j the Men were faved and taken up by Captain Peunetter^ in a Schooner belong- ing to Annapolis Royal, who put into St. Peter on Cape Breton ; but while he was there he was boarded by a Number of Indians, wlio killed the Captain and all the* People except the Pilot, who was z Frenchnuin, after- wards carried the Scalps in Triumph to Louijhurgh. : , '-"^ It was not long before the French changed their Notes, and gave the Governor to underftand, howlittle Confidence he ought to put in their pretended Friendfliip ; as appears from the following Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in Nova Scotia to a Merchant in London. *' When the Fleet arrived here laft Summer, it was reported that the French Governor of Canada had pofted a Detachment, confifting of 60 .regular Troops, on St. John*s River, on the North Side of the Bay of Fundy^ and in the Heart of this Province. This was the more eafily credited, as the Ramparts of an old Fort there, with a very little Expence, might have been repaired into a defenfible Fort. Upon a Teeming Confirmation of this Report, Captain Rous, in the Albany Sloop of War, was fent thither to know the Truth of it ; and with Orders, as is fuppofed, to difpoflefs them. On his Re- turn we found that the French had attempted nothing near the Mouth of the River ; but that they were abouC to fecure themfelves at fomc confiderable Diflance from it, at a Place which the French Governor claimed as a Southern Boundary of Canada or New France. This being in a Country inhabited by Indians, and the Navi- gation of the. River being unknown to moft of the Englijh, nothing further could then be done. In September or OSfober following, Monf. Le Come, an experienced French Officer, at the Head of 70 regulqx Troops, and a Party of Canada Irregulars, was fent to take Toft at the lilhtnus of Chigne£fo, being about 40 V , : ^ Leagues •»:»- >-% t ^ GAL tic A FIDES: Or, Leagues Eaftward of that River, and the E^ttent of t Line they claim, from the Lake Champkin to the Wfeft-» Ward on the Back of New England to the Gulph of St.' Itavjrmc^, To this Place the Indians reforted to the Num- ber of 300 } who having |iere their head Quarters, nnrade fever^l'incurfions upon the Peninful^ fiiice, but have fcl- dpm done any Milchipf; h..^.. 4j. «^ -I v. iih^ the Nova Scotia French in that V^t of the Province are the moft difafFc(^ed of any, and hav^ always behaved with Contempt to th^ Britijh Government, tho* pofl'efled of a v^ry fine Country, Governor Cornwallis, who had ilidulgeci them with a long Term of Deliberation in re- gard to the taking the Oaths to his Majefty, to no Pur- pofe, fent a ftrong Party, confifting of near 500 Troops aod ]R.iingers fto take PofTeifion of ChigneSio^ and to break lip the Rendezvous of the French Indians) commanded by li^^or fjawrence of fVarburtons Regiment. VT)^^ Albany Sloop, and fever ai Sloops and Schooners, were fent lound to Minas^ where the Forces embarked th? 2pth of Aprilx and arriving fafe, landed at ChigneSio ^e ijd. On their Approach to the Town, which con- fided of about 140 Houfes, and two Churches, the Indians, probably induced by the French Commandant, i^educed the whole to A(hes in a few Hours, and the In* habitants, crofllng the River, threw themfelves under his Protection, on what they call the French Side of the t/ine. The Reafon affigned for burning the Town is, that it flood on Ground they pleafed at prefent to call Englijb, As many of the Inhabitants had taken Arms, making their united Force confift, as they fay, of near 1500 armed Men, the Major fent a Flag of Truce ^they hav- ing hoifted a French Flag) to know the Reafon or their a^ing in this hoftile Manner, and afterwards had an In- terview with M. Le Come ; upon which our Forces re- imbarked, and are fafely returned to Minas, What pafled at this Interview is not made publick, but It is probable the Enemy were too well fecured, and had too great a Superiority, to make an Attehipt practicable. We left the new Colonifts in Nova Scotia very bufy in planting, building and laying out their Works for mak- ing a commodious Settlement. We likewife took No- tice^ that ihe Frtfich Indians behaved to them in a very friendly FRENCH POLICY. 43 friendly Manner. But this good Corr^fpondent did not continue long ; for the French foon grew jealous of th^ floorifliing. State of the Colony } and fearing it would in Time grow too ftrong for them, and fo obflfruft their ambitious t*roje^s that they jvere then carrying dn in that! Pdrt of the World, were fo far from afliffing the Engtijh in Provifions or Neceflaries for their Worlis, that they took every Occafion to moleft, difturb, and interru^ them, and ftirred up their Indians to commit all Manheif of Outrages upon them. Thefe Proceedings made Go- vernor Cornuballit very uneafy j however, the Town of Hallifax was built und^r his Infpedlibn, Plantations W6r^ laid out. Lands cultivated, and the Settlement j^^ut \ni(i as thriving a Situation as poilible under his Managenfient. He then took his Leave, and returned to England \ dnd Peregrine Ihomas Hopfon^ Efqj was appointed Captain Ge- neral, and Governor in Chief in his Room. It (hould have been' before obferved, that Governoif Cornxualiis had entered into Treaties, and concluded a Peace with fome of the Indian Tribes, tho* the Articles were but ill obferved on their Side. However, Governor •; Hop/on did all he could to cultivate an amicable Corre- ^ fpondence between'them, and atlaft prevailed with thenl to fign and conclude a Peace on the following Articles. L It is agreed. That Articles of Submiflion and Agree- ment, made at Bojion in New England, by the Delegates of Pombfcot and Norridgewock, and St. John*s Indians, in the Year 1725, ratified and confirmed by all the Nova Scotia Tribes, at Annapolis Royal^ in the Month of June, 172^, and lately renewed by the Governor Cornwallis At Halli/aXf and ratified at St. John's River, now read over, explained, and interpreted, (hall be, and are hereby, from this Time forward, renewed, reiterated, and for ever confirmed, by them and their Tribes j and the faid /«- dians for themfelves, and their Tribe (of MickmacJiy in- habiting the Eaflern Coafl of the faid Province) and their Heirs aforefaid, do make and renew the fame folemn Submiilions and Promifes, for the ftiidt Obfervance of all the Articles therein contained, as at any Time here<* tofore hath been done. II. That ail Tranfa6lions during the late War, Ihall on both Sides, be buried in Oblivion, with the Hatchet*, and that the faid ludians (hall have all Favour, Friend- F 2 (hip it GALLIC A FIDES: Or, ihip and Protection fbcwn them from this his Maje(ly*s Government. . III. That the fa id Tribe (hall ufe their utmoft En- deavours, with the other Indians to renew and ratify this Peace, and (hall difcover and make known any Attempts or DeHgns of any other Indians, or any Enemy what- ever, againft his Majefty's Subje£ls within this Province fo foon as they (hall know thereof; and (hall alfo hinder and obftrudt the fame to the utmoft of their Power : And on the other Hand, if any of the Indians refufing to ra- tify this Peace, (hall make War, they (hall, upon Ap- plication, have fuch an Aid and AfTiftance from the Go- vernment, for their Defence, as the Cafe may require. IV. It is agreed that the faid Tribe of Indians fhall not be hindered from, but have free Liberty of Hunting and Fifhing as ufual : And if they think a Truck-Houfe needful at the River Chibenaccadie, or any other Place of their Refort, they (hall have the fame built, and proper Merchandi?ie lodged therein, to be exchanged for what the Indians (hall have to difpofe of ; and in the mean Time the faid Indians (hall have free Liberty to bring for Sale to Hallifax, or any other Settlemeiit within this Pro- vince, Skins, Feathers, Fi(h, Fowl, or any other Thing they (hall have to fell, where they (hall have Liberty to difpofe thereof to the beft Advantage. V. That a Quantity of Bread, Flour, and fuch other Provifiofisascan be procured, neceflary for their Families, and proportionable to the Number of the faid Indians, (hall be given them half-yearly for the Time to come, and the fame Regard (hall be had to the other Tribes that (hall hereafter agree to renew and ratify the Peace upon the Terms and Conditions now (lipulatcd. VI. That to qheriih a good Harmony and mutual Correfpondencc between the faid ludians and this Go- vernment, his Excellence Perigrine Thotnas Hopfon, Efq; Captain General and Governor in Chief, in and over his Majefty's Province of Nova Scotia, or Acadic, Vice Admiral of the fame, and Colonel of one of his Ma- jefty's Regiments of Foot, hereby promifes on the- Part of his Majefty, the faid Indians (liall upon the firft Dny of Odober, yearly, fo long as they fliall continue in Friend- (hip, receive Prefcnts of Blankets, Tobacco, fome Pow- der and Shot ; the (iiid Indians promifc every Year, upon FRENCH POLICY. . % the faid firft of Oilobor^ to come by themfelves, or Dele- gates, and receive the faid Prefects, and renew their Friendihip and SubmiiHon. VII. That the Indians (hall ufe their beft Endeavours to fave the Lives and Goods of any People fliipwrecked on the Coaft, whe.re they refort, and (hall conduft the People faved to Hallifax, with their Goods, and a Reward adequate to the Salvage (hall be given them. VIII. That all Difputes whatfoever that may happen to arife between the Indians now at Peace, and other his Majefty's Subie fied in England ; and that the EngUJh are all Hereticks, and rt is doing God good Service to kill them. I'he French, both of Louijburgh and Canada, take all imaginable Pains to dii^irefs us, becaufe they know the great Confequence the Settling this Colony will be to them in Cafe of a War." ; ,^ . •. Some Time after this, fome Indians came to a Houfe near Dartmouth, the People, except one young Man, being abicnt, whom they fcized, and then fct Fire to the Houfe, and burnt it to the Ground, and afterwards carried oiF their Prifoner, who, being left to the Care of an Indian while the others were aflcep, found Means to eicapc, and got fate back to Dartmouth. The French feemcd determined to carry tlicir ambi- tious Schemes ino Execution, but perceiving, that by all the F R fi N C H P O Lie Y. ^ 4^. the Aflfiftance the Indians could aflford them, thev were not a Match fojr the Power of the Englijh in America^ thought it neceiTary to fend for Recruits from Prance, Accordingly eight thoufand Troops with their Wives and Children were fent from Frame to Amerisa m 1752, viz. 2500 for Canada^ 3500 for Mijfifippi^ and 2000 to St. Dnnmgo. On receiving thefe Reinforcements they foon put ^lem- felves in A£lion. They had Intelligence, that the Eng-i ^/h were building Forts, and raifmg Plancations along the River Ohio, which they apprehended to be too near their own Settlements to be difregardcd. Some Merchants in London, with others of Virginia, had obtained a Grant from his Majefty of that River, to make fuch Set- tlements in the Meadows and Places adjacent, as they ibould judge convenient for a Plantation, and the carry ^^ ing on their intended Trade. But the French were de- termined, at all Events to fruftrate the Dcfign ; and in order thereto, fet up a prior Claim, and infilled that all that Coaft belonged to the Crown 6f France. Ac- cordingly they took all poffible Meafures to difturb the pew Setlers, and to ere^ Forts of their own on the Banks of the faid River. Upon which Robert Dinwiddhi Efq; Governor of Virginia, wicte a Letter to the Com- mandant of the French Forces on the Ohio, to demand the Reafon of fuch Proceedings, and fent it by Major Wajhingtm. The Governor's Letter was wrote in the following Terms. a * Sir, The Lands upon the River Ohio, in the Weftem* * Parts of Virginia, are lb notorioufly known to be the * Property of the Crown of Great Britain, that it is a ( Matter of equal Concern and Surprize to me, that a « Body of French Forces are ere^ing FortreiTes, and < making Settlements upon that River, within his Ma- * jefty's Dominions. « The many and repeated Complaints of thefe repeat- * ed Adi of HoOility, lay me under the Neccfltty of * fending, in the Name of the Kin^ my Mailer, the * Bearer hereof, George fVaJhington, Lfq; the Adjutant * General of the Forces of this Dominion, to complain * to you of the Encroachments thu^ made, and of the * Injuries done to the Subjc^ of Great Britain, in open ♦ Violation j . 1 [I ^1 n 4$ GALLIC A FIDE Si Or; Violation of the Law of Nations, and the Trraties now fubfiiiing between the two Crowns. * If thefe A<51$ are true, and you Oiall think fit to juftify your Proceedings, I muft defire you. to acquaint ipe, by what Authority and Inftru^lion you have lately marched from Canada, with an armed Force, and in- vaded the King of Gnat Britain's Territories, in the Manner complained of} that according to the Purport and Refolution of your Anfwer, I may adl: agreeable ,to the Commiffion I am h9noured with from the King my Mader: vf*-''r rf-..^./ * However, Sir, in Obedience to my InftruiSlions, it becomes my Duty to require your peaceable Departure, and that you would forbear profecuting a Purpofe fo in- terruptive of the Harmony and good Underftanding, which his Majefty is defirous to continue and cultivate with the moi\ Chridian King. * I perfuade myfelf you will receive and entertain Major IVaJhington with that Candour and Politenefs na- tural to your Nation ; and it will give me the gresteft Satisfadion, if you return him with an Anfwer fuita- ble to my Wifties, for a very long and lafting Peace between us. I have the Honour to fubfcribe myfelf, * S I R, v.^c ' Tour moji obedient humble Servant^ Williamjhurgh, 0 ilous Time (hall be dire£^ed With all the Unanimity, xjieliberation and Difpatch, which -isi due to the Importance of the Subje£l, due to the beft bf Kings, and true Patriotifm for thb Defence of bur Coun- try. Your Honour's Journey to Wincheftery which Was undertaken with a view to cultivate the Friendfliip^ of the Indians^ and thereby to ftrengthen our Weftern Ff have ftrength- cnqd my Hands with a proper Supply, to fruftrate their malicious Intentions $ efptcially when I received from you fuch ftrong and repeated AlTurances, * that you were f djctermined on your Parts, to withftand the impending f I)anger, and to purfue every Meafure in your Power, * to defeat thefe pernicious Defigns of your Enemies.* I thought I might reasonably admit the pleafing Hopei, * that you would effedlually provide for your Country's * Prcfervation, and convince the World, that you had * nothing more at Heart than a zealous Qiicharge of your * Puty to the heft of Kings, and the fmcercfl Regard * for your Country's Welfare.* fc^.r How great then, Gentlemen, muft be my Surprize, and with what Amazemtnt mud that Country, and the World, fee fuch high Expectations caft down fo low ! fee you called upon in the Day of your Country's Dif- trefs i hearing you declare the Knowledge of her Dun- ger, and profefling the moil ardent Zeal for her Service; yet find thefe Declarr«!ons only an unavailing Flourifh of Words } and that, inconUitcnt with them, and the Purpofe of your Meeting, you withhold your Aid, and thereby me. FRENCH POLICY. 51 ;m, and the thereby leave the Enemy at full Liberty to perpetrate tiieir deflruiStive and unjuft Deiign ! The indepe/ident Companies, order'd by "his Majefty, clcathed ana paid by him, and now employed in your immediate Defence, you abfolutely, by your Refolve to me, deny Subfiflence to, is a Thing unprecedented in any of his Majefty's Dominions, where they have been employed in their Defence from Incurfions, and threat- ened Invafions. '' ' I have my Mailer's Service, and the Safety and Ho'^ nour of Firginiai fo much and fo truly at Heart, that I cannot but be deeply afFed^ed at a Condufl fo contrary to her Intereft ; and not altogether unconcerned for you. Gentlemen of the Houfe of BurgefTes, that you (hould appear in fo bad a Light to his Majefty, and give fuch ill Impreilions to the neighbouring Colonies. However, as I find you are determined not to do what is your Duty to his Majefty, and the prefent obvious Danger indifpenfably requires ; I think it proper to avoid aggravating unnecefTary Expences, particularly incon- venient at this Time j and therefore, to put an End to your Continuance here, I do prorogue you to the lyth of OSfober next i and you are accordingly prorogued to that Time. At the Day appointed the Aflembly met, and having taken into ferious Confideration the Keafons which the Governor gave for his refufing to pafs the Bill for raifing 20,000 /. for the Protedtioji of his Majefty*s Subjects in that Colony, againft the Infults and Encroachments of the French^ did agree to raife the faid Sum for the publick Service, without any Clog whatever tacked to it. Upon which a perfect Harmony was reftored between the Go- vernor and the feveral Members of the AHembly, and they were perfe6lly united in the Defence of their Country. The French and xhtxi Indians continuing their Hoftilitics, and raifing Forts on our Territories, and this without any formal Declaration of War, or giving iujy Reafons for their Proceedings, Governor Dhrjuiddu thought it high Time to come to an Ecclaircifment. For which Purpofc h^ wrote a Letter to the French Commandant on the Ohio, Major !VaJhingtonhz.v'mg received the Governor's Letter, fet out the fame Day j and as his Journey was attcndo'd G z wiih 5^ GALLICA FIDES: Or, H I I' ■A < with fome fingular and extraordinary Incidents, the Rea- der will undoubtedly be pleafed with a Recital of the Par- ticulars, as follow. Major JVaJh'mgton fet out the 31ft of O£fober, 1753, and reached ffiiPs Creel: the 14th of November j from whence he proceeded the next Day with Mr. G^, a Perfon whom he had engaged as a Guide, and a Frr. :h Interpreter, two Indian Traders, and fome other Attendants and Servants, with Horfes, and proper Accommodations for the Journey. At a fmall Diftance from the Fort on the River Oj&i9, after 25 Days travel, he called upon Shengi/iy King of the Delaware Indians, who went with him to Lo^g^s Town^ where he intended to aflfemble the Chiefs of the Six Nations, in order to engage them in his Intereft, and induce them to renounce all Commerce with the French. One of the Chiefs called the Half King, who had lately been a Journey to the French Commander, was abfent at his hunting Cabin, but a MefTenger being immediately difpatchpd to him, he came the next Day. Mr. Wiajhing^ ton took him afide, with his Indian Interpreter, and en- quired the View of his Expedition, and how he had fuc- ceeded. The Chief told him wjat he remonflrated againft their Encroachments on a Territory that belonged neither to them nor the Englijh, declaring that he would keep both at Arms Length, and would join in Unity with that Side on- ly which withdrew into thofe Bounds that had originally been prefcribed : That he was anfwer'd by the French- man with great Haughtinefs, and faid, that he fcaied not Mufqueta Flics, for fuch he took the Indians to be j that they might be ufed with Kindnefs if they fubmitted to his Will, and if not, he would tread them under his Feet. On the 26th of November Mr. l^aJJnngtcn met the Chiefs in Council, when they agreed that the Wampum, ^a String of Indian Money, which is given as a Mark of Amity and Retification of Treaties^ delivered by the French to them, fliould be returned, as a Symbol of aboli*:»ing all Agreement between them ; that fome of them fliould attend Mr. IVaJhington with a fuflicient Guard tor his Defence, and fome of their beft Hunters tofurnifh him with Provifions during his Journey. After a Delay of fome Days he kt out with three ot their Chiefs, the faid Half Kin^r, mite Thunder, frfh Kakc, FRENCH POLICY. 93 K the Horfes waiting at this Place, all Things were got ready to purfue their Journey by Land^ on the next Day» and the ttalf King was afked, whether he would go with them or by Water } he anfwered ilaax White Thunder had hurt himi^lf very much, and was unable to walk, fo that he fiiouldh Be obliged to carry him down in a Canoe. Mr* ffaJbingtoH eafily difcovered, that he intended to ftay fome Days at Venango, and knew that Joncaire would repeat his Stratagems to fet bim againft the Englijh, He therefore admoni(hed him tp be upon his Quard, and nof fuiFer his Refolution to be {^aken by Flattery and lur Speeches. The King replied, that he knew t}At French top well to be the Dupe of any Artifice tHey could prac- tice, and that altho' he could not accompany his Friend* yet he would meet him at the Fort ; and pronounce a Speech fior him to carry to the Governor. [ , ,; : , The tiorfes were now fo feeble, and the fiaggage^ip heavy, that it was doubtful whether they would be able to perform the JoHmey. Mr, fJVaJhington and Mr. Gijf gave up their Horfes to affift in carrying the Baggage. And the Major having mit himfelf into an Indian walk" ing Drefs proceeded on Foot. The Horfes however be- ing every Day lefs able to travel, he found if he walked with them he {hould be greatly delay'd* that the Cold increafed very faft, and that the Roads were made worfe every Hour, by a deep Snow continually freezing ; he therefore, being impatient to report bis Proceedings, determined to pro'fecute his Journey the neareft Way thro* the Woods. Accordingly the 26th he left his At- tendants in the Cliarge of the Baggage, with Money, an4 Dire<^ions to provide Neceflanes for themfelves from Placfe to Plage } and having wrapped himfelUna Waich- - f " - n coat. i r> 1; m H \^6 GALLIC A FlD^Si Orv coat, he fet out with a Gun in his Hand, and a Pack Q^ntaining his Papers and Provifloos, at his Back, aC" companied only by Mr. Gj^t who wasec[uipped in the fame Manner. The Day following, juft as they had pafled a Place called the it/«r^/m»^ Town, they fell in with a Party of* French Indiam, who had laid in Wait for them, one of whom fired at them, but fortunately mifTed his Mark*, tho' he Was not diftant more then fifteen Paces. As foon as the Report of the Piece ^lad put the Travellers upon their Guard, the Indians made ofi^, except the Felfo^V that fired, ^hom they feized and kept in Cuflody ti|l 9 at Night . when they fufFered hihl to efcape, arid continu- ed walking all the remaining Part of the Night, without making any Stop, that they might the next Day bi6 out of the Reach of Purfuit, knowing; that they j[holQld be tracked as foon as it was light, t ^! .' V;^ > - , The next Day alfo they cotitihucjcl travelling' till \i Was quite daric, and reached the River about two Miles aiboVe Shannapim, a Town on the Yoti. They exjpeifted -tcJ have found it frozen quite pverj but the let extetid^d only about 50 Yards from the Shore, on , each Side, and' great Quantities of Ice were driving in the Middfe. There was therefore no othef Way to il|airs it but On al Raft, which they fet about, tho* thiey hadf bUt.one Hatchet between them, and after the inceflant '^Lab6ut of a whole Day, they compleatfed it juft at Suri^ti^/ p'p* on ' this Raft, having with much DiffiCutty li^nched it, they embarked, but before they were got half Way over, they found them felves fafl among the Ice, and ex)p>e£led every Moment that the Raft 1Vou*d be funk undeF if^ and leave them to inevitable Deflruffcion. In this.Dif* trefs the Major put out his fetting Pole; that if poifeble, the Ice might pafs clear of his Raft ; but the Rapidity of the Stream drove it with fuch Violence agafnft the Pole, that, being unwilling to quit it, he was jerked into ten Foot Water : He fortunately faved himfelf by catch- ing hold of one of the Raft Logs ; but with all their EJForts they could not get the Raft to either Shore, and were therefore obliged to quit it at whatever Hazard, and make to a neighbouring Ifland \ upon this Ifland they con- tinued all Night, and the Cold to which they were expofed was fo fevere, that Mr.. Gj/i had all his Fingers ffozen, and fome FRENCH POLICY. if Ibme of his Toes ; in the Morning they found the Wa- ter (hut up, and without Difficulty walk'd from the Ifland over the Ice to the next Settlement. On the firft of January they left this Place, and on the 2d arrived at Mr. Gi^*s where the Major provided himfelf with a Horfe, and reach'd Wtlliamjburgh on the i6th. The Anfwer which Mr, fFaJhingtoH brought to the Governor's Letter was as follows. •SIR, « As I have the Honour of commanding herein Chief, Mr. W^/hington delivered me the Letter you writ to the Commandant of the French Troops. ' I. {hould have been glad that you had given him Or- ders, or that he had been inclined to proceed to Ca^ nada^ to fee our General, to whom it better belongs than to me, to fet forth the Evidence and Reality of the Rights of the King my Mafter, upon the Lands fituate along the River Ohio^ and to contefl the Pre* tenficns of the King of Great Britain thereto. , ' I (hall tranfmit your Letter to the Marquis Deguifne ; his Anfwer yill be a Law to me, and if he ihall order me to communicate it to you, Sir, you may be af-*, fured I (hall not fail to difpatch it to you forthwith. ' As to the Summons you fend me to retire, I do not think myfelf obliged to obey it ^ whatever are your Inftru£^ions, I am here by Virtue of the Order of my General ; and I entreat you. Sir, not to doubt one Moment, but I am determined to conform myfelf to them, with all the ExaiSlnefs and Refolution which can be expected from the beft Officer, * I don't know that in the Progrefs of this Campaign any Thing has paflfed which can be reputed an Ad of Hoftility, or that is contrary to the Treaties which fub- fift between the two Crowns, the Continuation whereof as much intereils, and is as pleating to us, as the Erfg" lijh. Had you been pieafed, Sir, to have defcended to particularize the Fa^s which occafioned your Com- plaint, I (hould have had the Honour of anfwer ing you in the fulleft, and, I am perfuaded, the moft fatis- faftory Manner. * I made it my particular Care to receive Mr. JVaJh' ingtsn, with a Diftiu<^ion fuitable to your Dignity, and H « his . • r; I'U I H f \\ GALLICA FIDES: Ou * his Quality and great Merit. I flatter myfelf he will < do me this Juftice before you^ Sir, and that he witt * fignif/ to you, as weU as I, the profound Refpe^ witll * which I am, •SIR, A»ji ,<- From the Tort on the River Bunf, Pec 1$, 1753. Tour tmfi humBle and * mo/i oheditnt Strvanf, « Leoardeur de St. Pibrrb/ 35 This Anfwer was fufficient to convince the Governor, had there been no other Proof, that the French were de- terifiined to carry their projeded Scheme into Execution. Their Scheme is to extend their Territories in North America at the Rack of our Settlements from New Eng- land to Virginia ; and their Attempt at the Ohio is to fa- ciUtate their Approach nearer and nearer to the Sea ; which, if not checked in Time, muft cut us ofF from k moit valuable Branch of Traffick, and make all the hdian Nations our Enemies, the Generality of whom, as they do not a£l upon Principles of Honour or Grati- tude, forget paft Services, and fide with thofe from whom they expe(S the grcateft Advantages at prefent. The Governor therefore, finding that the moft vigorous Refdutions were necefTalry in order to put a Stop to the Progrefs of the French^ levied Troops and wrote to the neighbouring Governments to fend their refpe^iive Quotas of Men or Money, with all pofTible Expedition, to his Affiftance. Accordingly the Troops he raifed, marched the firft of April from Alexandria^ a Town about four- teen Miles below the Falls of Paiowmack, towards ♦he River OhiOt to proteft a Fort which the Company had built on it. About the fame Time the Affembly at South Carolina gave 3000 /. Sterling, to be applied to the Defence of his Majefty*s Limits ; and Ncrth Cafolina paiTed an A&. for raifing 700 Men, who were to join the Troops of yirginia immediately. Governor G^7l in his Speech to the general Affembly of South Carolina, January 16, informs them how the allied Indians flood affeded to the £Hgiifi at that Junc- ture. ,A * The FRENCH POLICY, 59 * The Friendfiiip of the Indian Nations round us, faid he, is of the greateft Impottance, and therefore to be cultivated with the greateft Care ; as I can a^ure you that the Attention given by the Governor and Council to all the Indian Affairs in general, is equal to the Importance of them. * The .Cherokee Indians have, for many Years paftj carneftly prayed to have Forts built in their Country, and the Grovernpr, in the Prefcnce, and at the Defire of both Houfes of AiTembly, promifed that a Fort fhould be built there ', but the Indians have as puMick!/ accufed us of Brdach of Promife; and therefore to wipe away this Reproach, and alfo to preferve that Nation in the Britijh Intereft, the Council unanimoufl/ adviied me (in Confequence of the Refohition of the Aflfembly j to give Diredions for building fuch Forts^ I found that my own Prefence would be abfolutely ne-' ceflfary, and therefore I undertook the long Journey^ which was attended with fome Toil and Fatigue i but I have now the Pleafure to acquaint you, that the Fort is fully finifhed : It feems to give great Satisftc- tion to the Indians, and, I hope, may contribute, to the Safety of our Back Settlements, and the'Security of the Britijh Trade The Accounts I have from all our other Indians is very agreeable, and breathe no- thing but Peace and Friendfhip.' While Col. Wajhington was getting his Troops together, he received the following Letters from MeiT. Ttrent and Gi/iy giving him an Account of their Situation near the Ohio, The firft Letter is dated Feb. 19, at Yaugh- yaughgany 'big' Bottom, *' The 17th Mr. Trent arrived at the Forts of Monongohela Cfrom the Mouth of the Red- Stone Creek, (where he has built a flrong Storehoufe) and met Mr. Gift and feveral others, tn two or three Days they expected down all the People, and as foon as d>ey came, were to lay the Foundation of a Fort, ir^niHiig to make out for that Purpofe about 70 or 80 Men : The Indians were to join them and make the:ii ftrong. Thev requcfted him (Col, Wajhington) to march out to them with all poflible Expedition. 'They acquainted him that Monf. La Force had made a Speech to fome of the Indians, and told them, that neither they nor the jS«^/(/^ there, would fee the Sun above twenty Days longer j thirteen of the H 2 Day& 1 I ■I"!' t I hi i ;l fr J ■% I: • (I V h ■I ! l l ,' I to GAL Lie A FIDES: Or, ■< Days being then to come. By what Mr. Croghan could learn from an Jndian in the French Intereft, they might expe July 3, at Break of Day, we were alarmed by two Men coming up to one of our Gentries placed in the Wood, who ihoc him in the Heel, and fled off, but were fo nigh, that the Wadding was left in his Heel. We were immediately under Arms, and immediately fent out a fmall Party to fearch round the Camp, but they faw nobody. About an Hour after, four of our Indians who had been fent out the Day before, came in a prodigious Hurry, and informed us, that they had tracked a great Number of the Enemy into the Bufhes about 14 Miles from us ; and had gone fo nigh them that they heard them talk. Upon this News we began to throw up Trenches round a Fort which we had in the Meadows, and fent out the Indians again, to fee if the French were nigh. They returned in an Hour, running very faft, and told us the Enemy was within half a Mile, marching down the Woods quite naked ', which made us imagine they were all Indian.. We were drawn up in order of Battle immediately, referving only a Number to work at the Trenches, which we had got almcft Breaft high all round when the Enemy enter'd the Meadows. Our Gentry, whom we had placed there, fir'd at them, killed three, and retired to the Fort, the Enemy firing at him all the Way frcun the Woods, which they betook themfelves to as foon as they came. We marched up to take Poffeffion of the Wood oppofite the Fort, but one of our Officers, who is now going to refign, and had always fhewn a good deal of Fear in any Danger, called out that the Enemy would take Poflisffion of the Fort, and immedi- ately ordered the Men to the Right about, which they did diredly, and fled to the Fort -, the French firing at them all the Time, and wounded a great many before they got thither. We immediately got our Trenches filled with Men, and began to fiic from the Fort and Trenches, with three Huzzas, which the Enemy re- turned with the Indian Halloo. The Engagement began at half an Hour after Ten in the Morning, and continued till Seven at Night without IntermifTion, the Enemy firing clofe at us trom behind the Trees, and we from our Fort and Trenches. Wc had our Cannon fired once round*. FRENCH POLICY. a Letter i of the I by two i in the but were el. We fent out hey faw tans who rodigious 1 a great 14 Miles ;ard them Trenches and fent ere nigh. , and told ling down igine they of Battle )rk at the all round x Gentry, lied three, lim all the nifelves to Poffeffion r Officers, I (hewn a it that the 1 immedi- krhich they :h firing at any before Trenches » Fort and £nemy rc- nent began continued he Enemy d we from 1 fired once round', «i round, which did great Execution among the Enemy j but our Gunner did not think it fafe to fiand another Round, but went into the Fort, and could not be per- fuaded to fire at them again the whole Day. At Seven o'clock the Enemy called a Parley, and offered us Terms of Capitulation ; upon which we held a Council of War, and after confidering our Circumflances, that we had not Provifions for two Days, that none of our Arms were fit for Service, is it had rained fo exceffively all Day, and having a great Number of our Men killed and wounded, we thought proper to accept of honourable Terms, and fent Capt. Fan Braam to have Articles drawn at the French Camp, which Were thefe, viz. That we were to deliver up the Fort by Day- break, and to be allowed to march out with our Drums beating and Co- lours flying, with our Arms and all our Stores, except the Cannon ; that we were not to build any more, Or take up Arms againft his moft Chriftian Majefly for the Space of a Year. Thefe Articles were figned by Col. fVaJhington and Capt. Mackay. Mr. La Force was like- wife to be delivered up in two Months and a half with all his People ; for the Performance of which Hoflages were demanded and granted, viz. Capt. Stoba and Van Braam, We marched out in the Morning with all our Stores, but the Indians foon took every Thing from us. We had 86 killed and wounded, and the French^ by the trueft Accounts I could get, 117. They were far fupe- rior to us in Number j they were 700, befides 200 In- dians^ and we were only 350, and above two Thirds of thefe would not engage. Among our killed was Lieu- tenant Merchiery of Capt. Mackay\ Company ; we had about 26 killed j the wounded were Capt. Lewis, Mr. Peronee, Lieut. Toivers, and Mr. Lloydf a Cadet of M7f/td with marching, that they were no longer able to draw the Swivels. This being the Cafe, and having certain Intelligence that the New Yorkers had arrived at Jlexandria about twenty Days before, a fatal Stay ! and d flying Report, that they were got to Wills's Creek on tlieir March to join us, it was thought moft advifeable to fortify ourfclves in the heft Manner poilible, and wait our Convoys and Reinforcements which we daily expedled. In the mean Time an Exprefs was fent to inform them of our Situation, and haften them to our Affiftance, We fet about clearing the Woods neareft to us, and carrying in the Logs, tu raife a Brcaft-work, and enlarge the Fort. July 3, we were alarmed by o(ic of the Centriea, who was fliot in the Leg by the Enemy ; and about nine we received Intelligence, by fome of our advanced Par- ties, that the Enemy were within four Miles of us, that they were a very numerous Body, and all naked. We Continued to fortify, and prepare ourfelves for their Re- ception. They came up with us before 11 o' Clock, and by their furious Attacks, and fuperior Numbers, \vq ejfpeded they would have ftormed us dire£Hy, and there- fore anfwered only with Mu(ket-fhot novv and then, as we could make Aire of an atStive. Fellow. The keeping our Fire' made the Enemy more fecure, and expofe them- felves the more, which was a principal Reafon of their lofing fo many Men en that Occafton. At Night they called to a Parley, and we fufpeding Deceit took but little Notice of it, until they repeated the fame frequently, and then Mr. Van Braam was fent to fpeak with them, who foon return^u to allure us that they were in earneft. This was no difagreeable News to us, who had received no Intelligence of our Convoys or Reinforcements, and who had only a Couple of Bags of Flour and a little Ba- con FRENCH POLICY. e as back-r at Reafon e Attack, the Mca- r Want of ir Animu» )ut Bread, 1 long ex- our ; they [ications at longer able and having arrived at Stay ! and s Creek on l advifeable r, and wait lyexpe£led. nform them [lance. We ind carrying enlarge the be Centriej, d about nine danced Par- ; of us, that laked. We jr their Re- ; I o* Clock, umbers, yf^ ', and thcre- ind then, as The keeping jxpofe them- ifon of their t Night tiiey :it took but ■e frequently, with them, e in earneft. had received ements, and i a little Ba- con 69 con left for the Support of 300 Men. We intended to have killed our milch Cows, which were our greateft Dependence before the Engagement, but had no Salt to preferve them, and they foon became the Property of a fuperior Enemy. By the continued Rains, and Water in the Trenches, the moft of our Arms were out of Or- der, and we had only a Couple of Screws in our whole ]R.eginient to clear them. But what was flill worfe, it ivas no fooner dark, than half of our Men got drunk. Under thefe difadvantageous Circumftances we agreed to a Capitulation, which no doubt you muft have feen, with the Difference which I (hall remark, and which I think very material. Mr. Pyronee was dangeroufly wounded, and we much regretted the Lofs of his Services on that Occafion. When Mr. Van Braam returned with the French Pro- pofals, we were obliged to take the Senfe of them by Word of Mouth ; it rained fo heavily, that he couid not give us a written Tran.-.ation of them ; we could fcarcely keep the Candle alight to read them j they were wrote in a bad Hand, on wet and blotted Paper, fo that no Perfon could read them but Van Braam^ who had heard them from the Mouth of the French Officer. Every Officer then prefent is willing to declare, that there was Ii3 fuch Word as Ajfajfmation mentioned. The Terms exprefled to us were, * the Death of Juimnville* If it had been mentioned, we. could have got it alter'd, as the . French feemed very condefcending, and willing to bring Things to a Conclufion, during the whole Courfe of the Interview. Upon our infifting on it, they alter'd what was much more material to them, the Article relating to Ammunition, which they wanted much to detain, and that of the Cannon, which they agreed to have deftroy*d, inflead of being referved for their own Ufe. Another Article which appears to our Difadvantage, is that whereby we oblige ourfelves not to attempt an Eflablifhment beyond the Mountains : This was tran-. flated to us, '* Not attempt Buildings or Improvements on the Lands of his mofl Chriftian Majefly." This we never intended } but denied that he had any Lands there, }ind therefore thought it needlefs to difpute that Point. The Article which relates to the Hoftages, is quite different fjroin the Tranflatio" of it given to us j they are , ... mentioned i\ ytf GALLICA FIDES: Or» mentioned for the Security of the Performance of the Treaty, as well as for the Return of the Prifoners j there was never fuch Intention on our Side, nor Mention made of it on theirs by our Interpreter. Thus by the evil In- tention or Negligence of — our Conduct is blamed by a bufy World, fond of finding Fault without confi- dering Circumftances, or giving juft Attention to Reafons which might be offered to obviate their Clamours. Let any of thefe brave Gentlemen, who fight fo many fuc- cefsful Engagements over a Bottle, imagine himfelf at the Head of 300 Men, and labouring under the Difad- vantages above-mentioned, and would he not accept of worfe Terms than Col. Wafliington agreed to ? Which were all the Honours of War, without Mention of Af- faffnation, or any other Expreflion objeAed to in the above-mentioned Articles. It appears to me, that if he did not, he might juftly be faid to be acceflary to the Deftru£tion of fo many Men, which would be the ine- vitable Confequence of his miftaken Courage or Obfti- nacy. You have no Reafon to doubt but the whole Af* fair was well conduced, when the French^ who had ftriifit Orders to give no Quarter, and to pay the Indians with our Scalps and Spoils, were the firft who difcovered an Inclination to treat. That they had fuch Orders, and intended no Quarter, is certain, from the Mouth of one of their own Officers. The Story. of our firft Engage- ment I will give you in my next, and let the French term it an AiTafiination, or what they pleafe, I am ready to embrace the firft Opportunity of being concerned in fuch another. ycurs^ &c. Adam Stephen. After thefe two Engagements, it may not be amifs to note the Reflections made by the Virginians themfelves upon thefe very diff^erent Occurrences, As to the firft, the Defeat of a Handful of the French by Col. TVaJhington^ hear what the Writer of a Letter dated at Virginia fays on the Occafion : ** We and the neighbouring Colonics are all in the greateft Hurry imaginable, raifing Men for driving the French from the Ohioy and fecuring our Indian Allies from Encroachments from thofe good Friends for the future. The fmall Advantage gained by Col. IVaJh'^ i ingfan 'J.,' of the s } there Dn made evil In- i blamed ut confi- ) Reafons rs. Let lany fuc- imfelf at leDifad- accept of ' Which n of Af- to in the that if he ry to the B the ine- or Obfli- ivhole Af* , had ftrta diatis with overed an rders, and ith of one Engage- rench term n ready to led in fuch JPHBN. i)e aniifs to themfelves the firft, JVaJh'wgton^ irginia fays g Colonics ig Men for our Indian Friends lor Col. ITaJh^ install FRENCH POLICY. 71 ington gives our People high Spirits, and encourages them to enlift, fo that in a fliort Time you may expert fome News. When the Forces raifing in the other Colonies fhall have joined us, we fliall out-number the Enemy^ and hope in one Battle to put an End to their high-blown Hopes. Of all the fixate Schemes, furely theirs is the moft romantic j to march Troops fo far from ^ibec^ where it is impoilible to fupport them, if they meet with the leaft Misfortune : For from our principal Settlements * to the Ohio is little more than an hundred Miles; from ' theirs a great many Hundreds ; and our Colonies, which they have furrounded with fuch an Handful of Men, c^ each of them, when pufhed, out- number them. The Troops from fome of the neighbouring Colonies are jufl arrived, fo that we (ball be in Motion in a few Days." ^ ^' What were the Sentiments of the fenftble Men among them, after the unfortunate A£i:ion in the Great Meadows^ may be learnt from the following Extradl of a Letter from Virginia by an Officer : " la my laft I promifed to give you fome Account of the Country we are fighting for, intending to fet out for the Place of Aftion in a few Days with the Carolina Troops } but that Account muft be poftponed for fome Time. By what fatal Condu£l: our Scheme of driving the Frsncb from the Obip was blown up, I don't doubt but before now is puUickly talked of in London. It is . certain the treating the French Troops. in a manner they never deferye, is the Reafon given here for our Mifcar- riage, and jwcgn^uft wait till the Troops arrive from all our other, Qolonies before this Mifchance can be repaired. I am afraid it will be of little advantage to us, for the Goyqrnment of England to fend us great Guns for oar Forts, without fending People capable of managing them. That trifling Advantage gained over % Handful of Frenth who came to furprize our Convoy by almoft double the Number, is, no doubt, the Occafion of our prcfent un- happy Affair. It is a new Scheme of fighting, for three or four hundred Men to go feek an Enemy treble their Number, when only by delaying, like old Fabius, and reftraining the Impetuofity of their Courag^^.fftr a few Days, they would have been able to hav§ "fojught the 'Enen^y even-handed. I hope the Lofs we have lafiet with will be of no very bad Confequence, but confirm us all in Qpinion .y I 11 ^« 72 GALLIC A FIDES: Or, Opinion of uniting with the other Colonies for the gene- rai Good, and, for the future inltead of being in many fingk* Twigs, which are eafily broken, make one Bundle that will be irrefiltibJe." In Penjylvania the French rc\2idit no lefs Progrefs than in Virgmia ; as apj ears in a Letter from Philadelphia^ dated May 24. — -" Lalt Night Advice came from the back Parts of this Province, that the French had taken the Block-houfe and Truck- houfe ereded by the Virginians, cut off all our Traders but two, and have taken in Goods, Furs, and Skins to the Amount of 20,000 L Sterling at leal!. A fatal Stroke to many here j this is on the River Ohio, at a Place called Log's Town^ about 190 Miles from hence due Weft, How they willbediflodged. Time will (hew j but the.Skin- trade is entirely put a Stop to by this Enterprife of the French, In ftiort, our Trade Is bad, and our Expences daily increafmg, by aping the ummeaning Follies of our Mother Couutry.'* The Governor of Maryland having fent Commiffaries to meet and treat with the Chiefs of the Six Nations at Albany^ Gatchradodowj a Sachem of the Cayuge Nation, made the following Speech before an Audience of Gentle- men, and the Chiefs of the Six Nations, at an Entertain- ment the 6th of ytf/f, 1754. ■; '-* '■>■ • ^ :, '" ' « Brethren, we are very glad to fee you at the Fife * now burning at Albany by Order of the great King ; afid * we return you our moft hearty Thanks for the large * Prefent that you have brought us from our Brethren of * Maryland^ and we (hall always retainPa'^gVateful Senfe * of this Kindnefs of our Brethren, fof w'e^ aire affdred * that you muft have been adluated by a tr\ih and ftncere * Love for us, to come from fo diftant a Country to this * Interview with fo large a Teftimonial of your Regard * for us. You are not known to us by the Name of 7o- ' carryhogon, a Name, we hope you and your Pofterity, * will continue to be known by as long as the Sun and * Moon fliall endure j by this Name we have admitted * you of our Councel, and you are become one of us; * to confirm which, we prefent you with this Belt. [Gives * « Sell.) ' Ai'yoU are now become our Brethren, and this is a * Time Of Danger, by Reafon the Country on Ohio is * made bloody, we hope you will have your Eyes and • your FRENCH POLICY. 75 * your Ears open to every Thing that may happen to be ' done or faid in which we may be concerned, and that * you will give us early Notice thereof; and we, on * our Parts, will not fail to do the fame by yoiii in Com- ' Hrmation of which Promife we give you this fielt. * [Gives a Belt,'] g- ' We prefent you this String as a Token of broth rly * Love to locarryhogon himfelf ; we dcfire he wil' not * look upon this as a mere Ceremony, but believe that * it proceeds from the Bottom of our Hearts.* [Gives a Belt.] The late Defeat of our Forces on the Ohio was fo far from difeouraging the People of Maryland^ that it rather animated them to exert themfelves v/ith the greater Vi- gour at this important Jun(Sture ; as we have Reafbn to believe from the following fpirited Speech of his Excel- lency iioratio Sharpe, Efq; Governor of that Province, to both Houfes of Aflembly, July 17, 1754. • r •' Gentlemen of the Upper and Lower Houfes of AJfemhly, The Chearfulnefs with which you have attended every Bufinefs relative to the common Intereft of thefe his Ma- jefty's Colonies, obviates every Doubt that I might en- tertain of any Exception being taken at my calling you together fo foon. And I flatter myfelf, that the prefent dangerous Situation of Affairs will not only evince the Neceflity of it, but engage you, without Hefitation, fully to comply with the Dire£lions contained in the Earl of Holdernefs'i Letter. ' >*■ The DeUgns of the French muft now be evident to every one : They have openly, in Violation of all Trea- ties, invaded his Majefty's Territories, Jfnd committed the mod violent Ads of Hoftility, by attacking and en- ti.ely defeating the Virginia Commander Col. Wajhington. In this Emergency, the Hopes and Expectations of our Neighbours, whom in Duty, Honour, and Intereft, we are engaged to fupport and defend, are fixed upon us for Affiftance ; and what muft the World think of our Con- duit, cr, what Calamities may we not expedt, if, fron^ an unfeafonable Parfimony, we coldly look on while they are cut to Pieces ? The boundlefs Ambition of the common Enemy, and the cruel Rage of their Savage Al- lies, now upon our Borders, flulhed with Vi«Sory, re- _„ ^ . K quires ^^ ^ 74 GALLIC A FIDES: Or, quires a vigorous and immediate Exertion of all GUI' Powers, to check their Progrefs. The Indians^ who are our Friends, likewife chiim our Afliftance. While their Warriors are in the Field with our Troops, their Women and Children are fent to us to be protected and fupported : This is the greateft De-' monftration they can give of the ConBdence they place in us. Nor can I doubt, but that at this critical Period, when the French are employing every Artifice to alienate their AiFe^Hons from iis, you will embrace fo fair an Op- portunity of firmly attaching them entirely to our In* tereft, in taking Care to have their Wives and Children kindly and hofpitably treated while they are obliged to ftay with us, and implore our Protection. ^. As our Settlements on the Frontiers muft be the firft expofed to the Inroads of the Enemy, I have ordered a Supply of Ammunition to Frederick County ; and, with the Advice of his Lordflitp's Council of State, iflued a Proclamation, for the Militia to be put in the beft Pof- ture of Defence, that they may be prepared to ad in Cafe of Neceiiity : And, oy the fame Advice, have, at the earneft Requeft of Col. IrmeSf Commander in Chief of the Carolina Forces, granted a Supply of Arms, which, confidering the prefent Urgency of Affairs, could not have been denied. The Money in the Treafurer*s Hands, for the pur- chafing of Arms and Ammunition, being near exhaufted, I muft recommend to you, in the ftrongeft Manner, the raifing a fufficient Fund for that Purpofc, fo neceifary at this Time for the Defence of the Province : And muft likewife obferve, that the prefent State of the Militia^ requires your moft ferious Attention. " . ' V I < Gentlemen, i !■ ■>-,■ '."1 ,?• •.•j»it . There never was a ConjundWc, in which your Una- nimity, Vigour, and Difpatch were more neceflary than now : And, as I depend upon the Prudence of your Re- iblutions, I am perfuaded you will make- fuch Provifions Jidequate to the prefent Emereency, as will beft exprefs your Zeal for his Majefty's Service, the Security and Welfare of this Province, and the Support of tht com- mon Oiuie.** • • •■ "»• > . .wv I • ^ . ( • . -• rf This FRENCH POLICY. 75 This animated Speech had fuch an Effe6k upon the AfTembly, that they immediately granted 6000 /. towards the Affillance of the Virginians^ and for the Relief and Support of the Wives and Children of their Indian M- lies who (hall enter into their Alliance, the whole to be difpofed of as his Excellency their Governor (hall think propel. Thus have we given as full a View, as the few Mate- rials we have been furnifhed with, would enable us, of the hoftile Proceedings of the French^ with their treache- rous and perfidious Condu£^ in regard to our jfnurican Colonies, and in what Manner the Englijh hr.ve behaved Cowards them. It is fome Time fince we left New Eng- land i but we muft not therefore imagine that the French were lefs vigilant or atS^ive in molefting and diftreifing that Settlement, than they were in extending their Inva- flons and Encroachments upon the other Colonies. Their Miflionaries fpread themfclves among the Indians with the fole View of imbittering their Spirits againft the Englijh i and their indefatigable Labours were attended but with too much Succefs. They fpirited them up to commit the moft h'^rrible cruelties upon Men, Women^ and Children, at \ .mes when the People thought the/ were at perfed): Amity with them. But we fliall have a pretty diftinft View of the Condu counting, near adjacent, with Orders for the Officers and Soldiers to hold themfelves in conftant Readinefs to march upon any Alarm, to the Succour of any Fort or Settlement which may be attacked, to cut off the Enemy in their Retreat ; and in Cafe they fhould find that the Norridge- ivock Indians have committed Hoflilities, to break up their Villages and Scttlemements upon Kennebeck, and to kill or captivate all they can meet v/ith of their Tribe. I likewife ordered an Officer, comipifHoned by me for that Purpofe, to proceed by the firft Opportunity, to the fuppofed Place of the new FrenttJ Settlement, in order to difcover the Certainty and Circumftances of it ; and to require the French Commandant to retire and with- draw the People under his Command from that Spot, as being under his Majefty's Dominion, and within the Limits of this Government. And I doubt not, Gentlemen, from your diflinguiAied Zeal tor the Defence of his Majefty's Territories, and the Protection of his Subjeds within this Government upon all Occafions, but that upon the Refufal of the French to comply with that Requifition, you will make fufficicnt Provilion for enabling me to compel them with the armed Force of the Province to free it from their Encroachments. The m f 'I yZ , GAELIC A FIDES:_ (>, ^ .. The CofteeFHy Gentbmen, which you exprefs in your Meflage to me at our Meeting in December laft, upon yoor Apprehenfions of the imminent Danger the Pro- vince wai in, upon ti:»e French having fortified themfeWes upon the River of St. Jobriy ctefe to our Borders, leaves jne no Room to doubt of your being fenfible of the fatal Confequences in general that muft attend Encrcachments^ which it feenis they are now pufhing into the Heart of the Province (as the general Court in a Vote paiTed the l6tbof January^ 1749, juftly called the River Kitmebeek) unlefs they are timely removed. r But it may not be improper for me to obferve to you in particular, that it appears from Extrads, which I have lately caufed to be made of fome original Letters taken among Father Rollers Papers at breaking up the Indian Settlement at Norridge-ivock in 1724, and which pafled between him, Father Lauverjaty Prieft of the Penob- fcett Tribe, and Father Le Chajfe^ Superior of the Jc- fuits at ^^^^r, during the IndtanWdiX in 1723 and 1724; that the Head of Kennebeck River, near which the Indians have declared the French have made a new Settlement, was the Center of moft of the Tribes then at War with us, and the general [f this River would give th^ Frmcb over this Provinoe, make it eafy to accoimt for their conftant Endeavours ever ilnce die Treaty of Breda^ at which it was determined, in the moft lolemn Marnier, i»tween the two Crowns, that the River Pentagoet or Pienc-fust-, was the Boundary between Niw England and Jcadia or Ntva ScotuL, to eoctend the Limits i^ Claim upon all Occafions -fas in Faflihey have done) to ^iie eaftem Side of the River Kennebeci ; altbo' they never atttcmpted, till within thefe few Years, to pafs over tlie River ^t. Lawrence y within the Extefit cif this Province. . I am facisfied it is needless for me, GeatIemen,.to urge any Thing more to ihew how necefTary for .tiie Safety 0f this Government it is, that we ihould iecum to our* ielves the Pofleffion of this in^iportant River againtt the Encroadiments .of the French without Delay : And I tfaiok the pcefent Situation of Affairs in that Country muft convince you, how vain a Scheme it would be to have your fole Depcndance for gaining tiiis Pgint upon making annual Prefcnls to the Indians, who appear to have entered into an Alliance with the French againft.us; and have (bcwed evident Marks of their Dtlpditioa to 4put the River into their Power. ; L How different are fuch Proceedings from tbofc of the French ? Whilfi we have been fuing in vain to a few Indians for their Permi0ion \o fettle Lands within the undoubted Limits of this Province, and which them* ielves cannot deny have been purchi'fcd of their Ancef- tors J and have in Effc• i'> to GALLIC A FIRES: pr^ without iny Colour of Ri^ they have invaded ; they have forbid them to make further Grants of any of their Lands to the' Englijir, and have built and are ftill building ftrong Forts, with an avowed Intent to drive them off from the Lands already granted to them, to exclude them from all Commerce with thofe 'Indians^ whom they have threatened with Deftru£lion, if they (hall prefume to interfere in their Favour. It is Time, Gentlemen, for you to defift from having your chief Depcndance on temporary Expedients, which ieem rather to have expofed the Government to the Con- tempt of the Indiani, than to have conciliated their Friendihip to it ; and take Counfel in Part from the Po- licy of our Neighbours. - Vigorous Meafures againft the French^ in Cafe they Ihall refufe to quit his Majefty'b Territories within this Government, without being compelled to it by Force} building a ftrong Fort near the Head of the River Ken- hebeck, above the Settlements of the Norridge-wock Indians^ and pufliing on bui' Settlements upon it, in a defenfible Manner, would eiFedually rid the Province of the En* croachments of the former, and either hold the latter in a due Dependance upon us, or oblige them to abandon the River. v-.um :;'i And further, by making ourfelves, thro' this Means, Mafters of the Pafs^ which was the general Place of Rendezvous during the Indian War in 1723 and 17244 of all the Tribes engaged in it, both in their Incurfions and Retreats, we (hould have it in our Power to curb all thofe Indians for the future ; and in a great Meafure pre- vent them from attempting to make Depredations in our expofed Settlements. I muft further obferve to you, upon this Occafion, Gen- tlemen, how dangerous Delays to make fuitable Prepara*> tions for removing the French would be. ' ij ' How practicable was it firft to put a Stop to their Pro- ceedings, in building their Fort at Crown Point ? And you can't but remember what mifchievous £fFc6ts of the Kegledl to do that in the Beginning, we.e felt by this and the Province of New Tork, in the Ravages which they fuffered from thence during the late War. > A' (hort Delay to diflod^e them from their Encroach- ments near the River Kennfkck, miglit give (hem an Op- portunity vaded ; of any It and Intent ited to 1 thofe u£lion, having which ic Con- d their the Po- afe they lin this Force i er Ken- Indians^ efenfible :he En- latter in abandon fi'r.v-.'.^ Means, ?lace of id 1724, icurfions curb all ure pte- is in our m, Gcn- ?rcpara- leir Pro- it ? And of the by this which :s s ncroach- an Op- >oitunity FRENCH POLICY. ti j^rtunity of making therofelves Mafters of that River likewife in the End ; and in that Cafe we may exped): foon to fee another Fort built by them near the Mouth of it, and the French in Pofleffion of all the Sea-coaft between that and the River St. John^ Gentlemen of the Council, and Houfi of Reprefentathes, I hope you will proceed in the Confideration of thefe Matters with that Unanir;>ity and Difpatch which his Majefty's Service and the Safety of the Province requires ; and that you, Gentlemen of the Houfe of Reprefenta* tives, will make the neceiTary Supplies. Council Chamben March 29, iJS^* W.ShiRLEy; May it pleafe your Excellency, The Council and Houfe of Reprefentatives of this his Majefty's Province, have given very great Attention to the two Speeches which you have been pleafed to make to the Chair, on the 20th of March and the 2d of April, Wc are fenfibie they contain Matters of the laft Impor- tance, not only to the Inhabitants of this Government, but to every other of his Majefty's Subjects in America^ to the Britijh Intereft in general, and to the Intereft of all Europe, It now evidently appears, that the French are now far advanced in the Execution of a Plan^ proje61:ed more than fifty Years fince, for the extending their Pofleffions from, the Mouth of the MiJ/iftppi on the South, to Hud- fon*s ^ay on the North, for fecuring the vaft Body of Indians in that Country, and for fubje6ting this whole Continent to the Crown of France: This Plan, agree- able to the Genius and Policy of the French Nation, was laid for a future Age, the Operation of it has been gra-» dual, and almoft inlenrible, while the Britijh Govern- ments in the Plantations have been confulting temporary Expedients, and they are in Danger of continuing to do fo until it be too late to be defeated. And however im- probable it may feem that this Scheme (hould fucceed, fmce the French Inhabitants on the Continent, at prcfent, bear but a fmall Proportion to the Englijh ; yet there are many other Circumitances which ^ive them a great Ad- L " vantage ^ GALLIC A FIDES: Or, vantage over us, and which, if not attended to, will foon overbalance our Superiority in Numbers. The French pay no Regard to the moft folemn Engage- ments, but immediately after a Peace, take and keep Poffeffion of a Country, which, by Treaty, they had juft before exprefly ceded, whilft the Englijh in the Plan- tations, afraid of incurring Difpleafure, and, ot being inftrumental of bringing on a War in Europe, fuffer thefe Encroachments to be made and continued. The French in Time of Peace, are continually exciting the Indians fettled among them to come upon our Territories to kill and captivate our People, and to carry the Scalps and Prifoners to Canada, where, as we have full Evi- dence, a Reward is given for them, and by this h'^-iiias we are prevented from extending our Settlements in our Country, while the Englijh, from the Principle juft now mentioned, fcruple to avenge themfelves by carrying the War into the Indian Settlements, left they fhould annoy his Majefty's Allies, with whom our moft barbarous Enemies are intermixed, and by whom they are che- riftied and encouraged. The French have under their Influence by far the greateft Number of Indians on the Continent, whilft the Englijh, by the different Method of the feveral Governments, are in Danger of lofing the fmall Proportion which are at prefent attached to them. The French have but one Intereft, and have but one Point in View ; the Englijh Governments have different Interefts, are difunited, fome of them have their Fron- tiers covered by their neighbouring Governments,, and jiot being immediately affected feem unconcerned. The French are fupported by the Treafure of France, which feems now more and more to have made the Plantations the Objedt of its Attention j the Englijh Governments are obliged to carry on any Scheme at their own Ex- pence, and are not able to fupport any great Undertak- ing. Thefe are fome of the Difadvantages which the Eng- lijh at prefent labour under, and they are not likely to be • removed without his Majefty's gracious Interpofitior. We therefore defire your Excellency to repreient to his Majefty the expofed hazardous State of thefe his Go- vernments, and humblv to pray that he would be pleafcd to caufe the moft effct^ual Mcafur^s to be ukcn fur the Rcmuv al FRENCH POLICY. ill fooit Jngage- id keep ley had le Plan- »t being , fufFer 1. The ting the jrritories le Scalps ull Evi- s Mruas :s in our juft now ying the Id annoy )arbarous are che- der their ns on the t Method lofing the to them, but one different eir Fron- ents., and sd. The :e, which lantations ^ernments own Ex- Jndertak- the Eng- kely to be )fitior. preient to (e his Go- be pleafcd icn tor the Rcnjcval «# Removal of any French Forts or Settlements that are or may be made in any Part of his Territories on the Con- tinent, and in particular, that the Subjed^s of the French King m?y be compelled to quit the Province of Ar^^ \ <^ ^. V ^- V ^"^ 33 WHT main STMIt WIUTM.N.Y. USM (716)t73-4S03 A. t6 GALLIC J FIDES: Or, which carried him and other Gentlemen as Toon as con- veniently he could i^ and equal Care was taken to difmifs the Tranfports after the Soldiers were landed at Cu/he-^ tnockf no more being retained than what were neceifary for receiving the Supplies of Proviftons, and other Stores for the Troops, and Materials for building Fort HalHfax, The Troops were likewife difcharged as foon as ever the Service would admit of it. The Troops, by marching on both Sides the River Kennebeck to the Head of it, have probably prevented any future Attempts of the Frenchy and gained the Knowledge of a River and Coun- try highly necefTary to be known. This Expedition will be of the greateft Advantage, confidering what a Spirit the French at Canada and their Jefuits had raifed in the In" dians^ and that it has prevented a general War with the Indians, That he had received a Letter from Sir Thomas Robin/on, one of his Majefty's Secretaries of State, aflfur- ing him of his Majefty's Approbation of the Meafures that Government had taken. Recommends it to them to provide for the Difcharge of the Debts incurred by this Expedition, particularly what had been unavoidably occafioned by the AfTaults made by the Canada Indians on our Weftern Frontiers, while he was abfent in the Eaftern. Lays before them a Journal of the Commif- fioners of feveral Provinces and Colonies at a late Con- vention at Albany^ containing a Scheme for uniting all the Bnglijh Governments in North America \ and that the French fpare no Pains to difengage the Six Nations from the Bnglijh* We have before mentioned the Nation of Indians cal- led the Twightweesy in Alliance with the Englijhj and who being mvaded by the French^ with a Defign to cut them all oflF, routed and killed almoft the whole Party, By Letters from New Tork^ dated in OSfober laft, it was advifed, that the Twightwets had fent fome of their head Men to the lower Shawana Town on the River Qhio^ with the following Meflage, viz, *' Brethren, the Shawanefty You know that the French have invaded our Country on all Sides ; — —Why do you fit ftill ? Will you be Slaves to the French, and fufFer them to be Mailers of ?\\ the Land and all the Game?— --Rife up ; take the Hat- \ chet, FRENCH POLICY; ^ chet,> and follow our Example :— .— We killed, not long ago, fifty Frenchmen^ all Warriors in one Day :—- — Five other Nations have joined us ; and if you and your Grandfathers the Delawares will but ftir, the French will foon be forced to fly. » To which the Shawaneft anfwered. *■ •' Brethren, the Tivightwees, We are furprized at your Requeft. The Six united Nations have dire6ted us to fit ftill and not to mind the French ', |ind that we muft keep our Ears and Eyes to- wards the united Nations ; and fo do our Grandfathers the Delawares. We defire you would fpare us, and leave our Town before the French hear of you, and come and kill you here, and plunge us into the War before the Six Nations begin it." Upon which the Iwightwees left the Shawana much difgufted. ; Having traverfed over the reft of the Colonies, let us now pay a Vifit to our Friends the Quakers in Penfyha- nia^ and fee in what Manner they exerted themfelvea on this interefting Occafion. The Governor fummoned the general AfTembly, and made the following Speech. Mr, Speaker^ and Gentlemen of the Ajfemhly^ As you are now met for the Difpatch of Bufinefs, I think it my Duty to remind you of what I faid at the Opening of the laft Sitting, and to lay before you a Jitter which I have fince received from Sir Thomas Rt" binfon, one of his Majefty's principal Secretaries of State, fignifying to me, his Majefty's exprefs Commands, * That I ftiould not only a£l vigoroudy in Defence of * the Government under my Care, but that I (hould be * aiding and aflifting his Majefty's other Colonies, to re- * pel any hoftile Attempts made againft them.' At the Time of writing that Letter, on the 5th of July laft, his Majefty and his Minifters were only in- formed, that the French had drove fome of the Virginia Troops from a Place on the Ohio, at the Mouth of Mo- honongeloy and were eredling a Fort there •, and you will 9bf«rve they tiiipk thofe Advantages, gained by the French, i. ,. ' > * might 8S CALLTCA PtDES: Oi; * might have been in a great Meafure, if not totally pre*^ * vented, if every one of his Majefty's Governmenti * had exerted themfelves according to die Diredions iii * the Earl of Holdertufs*^ Letter of the 28th oiAuguJi* You are fenfible many Things have happened fince the Ketreat from the Forks of Mobonongela, that have put our AfFairs upon the Frontiers in a very bad Situation, much worfe than his Majeily and his Miniftry have any Know- ledge of, or than they can poifibly imagine ; as they are well informed of the fiourifhing State of thefe Colonies^ of the Number of Men they are capable of raifing, and had great Reafon to expe& that in a Matter wherein the Inteteft and Safety of the Colonies were fo nearly con- cerned, they would exert themfelves with uncommon Vigour. From the Letters and Intelligence I have ordered to be laid before you, it will appear that the French have now, at their Fort of Mobonongeia, above a thoufand regular Troops, befides Indians ', that they are well fupplied with Provifions, and that they have lately received an additional Number of Cannon ; that their upper Forts are alfo well garrifoned and provided, and they are making a Settle- ment of 300 Families in the Country of the Twightweei% at the South-weft End of the Lake Erie, From thofe Papers you will likewife be informed of the Ufe they have made of this laft Year's Succefs among the Indians of the Six Nations, having prevailed with many of them to remove to Canada, who will either be neuter in the prefent Difpute, or take up Arms againil us, while fuch tew of the Indians as ftill retain their Attachment to the Englijhy dare not be adiive for us, till they fee a Force in the Field fuperior to that of the French, and if that be not foon, they will certainly give up our Caufe, and embrace the tempting OfFers made them by the; French, Gentlemen, it Is now feveral Years fiacc the French undertook this Expedition, and we have long had full Intelligence of their Defigns, and of the Steps they have taken to carry them into Execution ; their Progrefs in- deed has been very furprizing, owing chiefly to the In- activity of the EngUfl) Colonies, who, I am forry to fay, have looked with tco much Indifference upon an Affair that muft end in their Ruin, if not timely prevented. VVhc» FRENCH POLICY. 8^ When you have maturely confidered the ConduA of the French upon the prefent Occafion, and obferved the Steadinels with which they have purfued a well-laid Plan, you cannot doubt but very confiderable Men have been concerned in the Formation of this Scheme, and that proper. Perfons are employed in the Execution of it ; and as the Circumftances of thefe Colonies are by no Means unknown to the French, they are doubtlefs prepared to make a vigorous Defence, and will not eaftly give up what they have taken fo much Pains, and been at fuch Expence to gain ; but rather will be induced to attack us, knowing our weak and defencelefs State, an^ that we are, as it were, an open Door for the Conqueft of the Provinces : We muft therefore refolve to aft with Vigour, or not at all ; for, in my Opinion, we had better not attempt than be defeated. Thefe Encroachments of the French upon the Crown of Britain in America, have turned the Eyes of Europe to this Quarter of the World, as it is uncertain what Ef- fe6b they may produce ; the Conduft therefore of thefe Colonies will be more than ever the Objeft of their Attentions, and ours in particular, who are moft imme- diately concerned. For whether the French Forts arc within the particular Limits of this Province or not, I look upon to be very immaterial in the prefent Cafe, tlio* in my Opinion they are clearly fo ; but be that as it may, our Situatbn at prefent is certainly very alarm- ing The French on our Borders are numerous, ftrong- ly fortified, well provided, and daily increafmg. — The fmall Bof^yoiEngitJh Troops on the Frontiers, weakened by the Defertion from the Independent Companies, and the Want of Difcipline in the new Levies — The Six Nations of the Indians, formerly our firm Friends, divide among themfelves, many of them gone over to the French, and others wavering j and in Doubt whether to follow their Brethren, or continue with us. The neighbouring Pro- vinces (except Virginia) thp* nearly interelted in the IfTuc of the prefent Affair, either contributing nothing to- wards the common Caufe, or fparingly ; and iho* yirgi' nia has indeed given 30,000/. yet it will avail but little, unlefs a confiderable Body of Troops be fent from this Province j and kept up till the Work is done. Ml mi M PermiC Kr Lt 90 GALliCA FIDES: Or, thermit me therefore, Gentlemen, to prefs this Matter upon you ; and exert yourfelves upon the prefent Occa- fron } diilipate the Cloud that hangs over your Country^ and fave her from the threatened Dellru Heart than to fecure them, and their Pofterity, the Con* tinuance of the many invaluable Bleilings they enjoy. The Affembly took the Governor's Speech immediate-^ ]y/ into Confideration, and after mature Deliberation^ fent him the following Meflage. ., , ^., ^ . ^ , ^ May it pleafe the Governor, We have deliberately confidered the Governor's Speedl of the third Inftant, with the Letter from Sir Thomas Robinfettj one of his Majefty's principal Secretaries of State, and the other Letters and Papers he has been pleafed to lay before us. And as we look upon it as our indif- penfible Duty to do every Thing in our Power to com* ply with his Majefty's Royal Orders, or that may con«» tribute to the Welfare of the People we reprefent, w0 have chearfully, and almoft unanimoufly refolved to grant twenty thoufand Pounds for the King's Ufe ; for the raif^ ing and finking of which Sum, we have prepared a Bill, which will be laid before the Governor, with all poifiblo Difpatch. Tho' we hope the Numbers of the French^ and their Indian Allies, mentioned in George Croghan's Letters, are full large, yet the uncommon Kft'orts they have made towards obtaining a Poflirffion, on that Part of his Ma- jefty's Dominions, arc truly alarming, and dangerous to the F R E N C H P O L I C y. 9« Matter t Occa- lountry, iis Ma- lubje£is, tijh Par* of tho ope^ are appinefs on your ^ou will iportant ; Com* of your s, fet a les, and nore at> he Con* ijoy. nediate*^ eration^ s Speecil Thomas aries of t pleafed jr indif- to com* ay con-. ent, w# to grant the raif^ i a Bill, polTibb nd their Letters, /e made his Ma- :ruus to the Ae Britljh Intereft in North America'. And we have good Reafon to believe, the Sums granted the King by our late Aflembly, had the then Governor been pleafea to pafs the Bills offered him for that Purpofe, '* might in a great Meafure, if not totally, have prevented the t>ad Situation of our Affairs at prefent," and have placed our Duty to the beft of Kings, as we defire it (hould al- ways appear, among his moif loving and loyal Subjects \ ^and, for this Reafon, it is with Concern, we find by the above-mentioned Letter from the Secretary of State, **> That it is with great Surpize the King had obferved in our late Governor's Anfwer to the Earl of Holdemefs^ he had been totally filent on that Part of his Majeftv's Orders, which relate to a Concert with the other Colo- But as we have great Confidence in our Gover- nies. nor, that he will at all Times afford us his good Offices and Protection, and be pleafed to reprefent us and our Affairs in a favourable Light, as he may do with Juflice : So, on our Part, we fliall not fail to contribute every Thing in our Power to anfwer all reafonable Expectations from {q young a Colony, fo far as is confiftent with our civil and religious Liberties ; beyond which under fo good a King, we are well affured nothing further will be afked or expedled from us. And in Lieu of the Governor's Juf- tice and Protection, it will give us particular Pleafure to make his Admin iftration eafy to himfelf and honourablo to all. Dec. 12, figned by Order of the Houfe. Ifmc Norrisy Speaker A Mejfagefrom tbi Govtriur t9 the AJfembly^. .. Gentlemen^ I have ordered two Letters, whkh I received by Ex- preia from Mr. Croghan, the Perfon entruited with the Care of the Jadiani at Aughwick^ to be laid before you, by which you will be informed of the Propofals made by the French to the Indiaiu that removed from the Ohto^ and of their Anfwer. Thcfe People have been hitherto maintained by thii Province, and i believe you will be of Opinion, that it is neceifary to continue this Support, at leait till the next Spring i and as fome of the Chief:* are to fet out for the great CquucU at Omndago upoiv^the Return of this Exn M % pre^a n Il I M ^1 CALLICA FTDES: Or, prefs, it knay determine the Refolution of that Councif in Favour of the Engiijh, if I am enabled to affure thofe Chiefs, before their Departure, that ths Government will continue to maintain fuch of their People as they leave behind them, and will take Meafures to fecure them agairift any fudden Attack. As thefe People have been always firmly attached to the Englijh Intereft, and, by their Anfwer to the French MtS^o^y feem to give up all Thoughts of returning to the Ofhio^ while it remains in their Hands, I mufi recommend it you to make Pro- vifion for their Maintenance, and for fetting up fome Stockadoes round the Place they fix upon for their Winter Refidence. I have detained the Expr^fs till I could know your Re-* folutions, and therefore hope you will give this Affair the necefTary Difpatch. That Part of Mr. CrogharCs ^ietters relating to himfelf; will, I make no Doubt, be duly confidered, and his Ser^* vices rewarded in fuch a Manner as to give him perfe<^ Satisfaftion. 2>fr.4, 1754. . Robert Hunter NoRRis, A Mejfage to the Governor from the Jjfembly, : » _ • May it plctifi the Gowrnor^ - Jh . ., .. We have confidered the Letters, and Accounts laid before us by the Governor, relating to the Indians now at Aughwick^ and are well fatisficd with their Steadinefs in our Intereft, and the Anfwer they have given to the Propofals of the French to induce them to return to the ' Ohio. We are confident the Treatment our Indian Allieq have always received from this Province, has great Weight with them, and that we have a large Share in their Af- fe6^ions, ^hich we are wilting to preferve, by continuing to treat them with Juftice, Humanity, and Tendernefs 5 we therefore, notwithftanding the heavy Charge the Province has been at, and is like to be continued upon us, have unanimoufly rcfolved to defray fuch reafonable Charges as may accrue on the Support of thofe Indians till our next Meeting. As we apprehend the Governor will agree with us in the Neccflity of regulating the Ex- pencc with ali poffible CEconoiny j and sm-lreorge Croghan r^* . ' *' (whofo FRENCH POLICY^ &i Council ire thofe eminent as they ire them ive been and, by give up remains ke Pro- ip fome Winter our Re<« iFair the himfclf, his Ser<* I perfect FoRRis, nts laid now at eadinefs I to the to the t Alh'es Weight leir Af- itinuing iernefs } ge the ;d upon ifonable Indians jvernor the £x> droghan (whofo (wbofe Accounts we have allowed^ feems refolved to re*- move from Jughwick, and the Indians^ by that Means, will be left without any proper Perfon to take the necef- fary Care of their Subfiftence, we recommend it to the Governor'^ Confideration, whether it might not be more convenient for the /»(/itfflx themfelves, and le(s Expence to the Province, if they were invited to come nearer our back Inhabitants, till by Hunting, or otherwife, they may be able to fubfift themfelves with Safety. Signed by order of the Houfe, /)^r,6,i754, Isaac Nor r is. Speaker, Thus have I given as dlftinct a View of the Situation of Affairs in our American Colonies, as the Advices fuc- ^eilively received from thence have enabfed me to do from the Year 1748, when a General Peace was concluded, to Defemberij S4, : In which the Reader will obferve a Variety of ftrange and uncommon Incidents, and Scenes pf Adiion, in a Manner new to this Part of the World. The French had fo long pra^lifed their Deceptions and Chicanry in Europe^ that the Commonnefs of them ren- dered them ftale and ufelefs. French Faith is become a Proverb, as much as the Punic was of old among the RomanSf and fignifies no more than the Breach of Trea- ties and the moil folemn Engagements. This they are fo fenfible of, that they thought it high Time to change the Scene, and try what £fFe£b their Politicks would produce among the honeft Indians in America^ who were ignorant of the Wiles and deceitful Artifices of our Chriflian Politicians. Their Notions of llight and Wrong were the Dictates of natural Confcience, and their Deal- ings and Treaties with one another, and with the Englijb^ were fincere, fucred, and obligatory ; till i:h5ir Minds were debauched by thofe Pefts of Mankind, the French Jefuits and Miflionary Priefts, fent among them by our mo(( Chriflian Friend and Ally, for this very Purpofe, that is, to excite to and irritate them againfl the EngUfl), and break off all Alliance and Friendihip with them. Their Succcfs indeed has been i'urprizing, but would not have been carried to fuch a Length, had the Indians been Maf- fers of as much Artifice and Cunning, as they were of good Senfe. They were honeft themfelves, and knew {}Qt how to dif^^uife their Sentiments^ and deemed it a moft HI '11 ,^i 94 GAL Lie A FIDES: 6r, noft horrible Crime to make Promifes and Engagements only to impofe upon the Credulous, and with a Defigri to break them ; till they were better inftrudled by thofe Artificers of all Fraud, the Jefuits. After that, indeed, we find them paying no Regard to their former Engage- meftts, taking every Opportunity to infult the Engli/h^ and imbrue their Hands in their Blood. - Tho' the Views of the French were prodigiouflv ex- tenfive, and* their Ambition boundlefs, yet they knew the Strength of our Colonies too well, to believe that they could carry their ProjcAs into Execution, unle6 they could bring over the Indians to their Side. This they have with indefatigable Induftry, been pra^iflng for liiany Years, and now we fee the £ffe£ls of it. Many Nations of the Indians^ who were our fail Friends, are i>ecome our mod implacable Enemies, and thofe who yet retain any Friendfliip for us, are fo over-awed and inti- midated by the French, that they are forced to ftand neuter, and tho* we may have their good Wiflies, not the leaft Affiftance can they give us. ' \ A Gentleman who refided many Years in Canada^ from whence he has not been long arrived, aflures us, that the regular Troops there adually confifted of up- wards of 1 1,000, extremely weU officered and difciplined, with feveral very able Engineers, exclufive of a formi- dable Body of Indians always at their Devotion ; and their common Talk was, that they intended opening an uninterrupted Communication betwixt Canada and the Mijfiftppi, by building a ftrong Chain of Forts upon the Back of our Settlements, and thereby totally excltide US from the Fur Trade, and crulhing fuch of our Colo- nies as were able to make the leaft Refiftance, into the Sea ; which laft Piece of Gafconade exadly correfpohd^ with what has been aflerted by one of their lateft and moft efteemed Writers. I (hall conclude this Subject with a Quotation from a Piece wrote by the ingenious Mr. Kennedy, entitled. Serious Conftderations on the Affairs of the Northern Coh- nies. '* Their late Encroachments upon his Majefty's Right? and Territories, in the Ea/i and JVeJi Indies^ in Africa and Hudfon's Bay, with the moft provoking Circumftan- ces are, fays this Author, fo well known, that I believe * * , I need I need i and witl upon th praftifin That Geogra] may qi ments u to the w nary Ri confirm Piece o Leaden Infcriptii this, I Indians, Whim, other Pr we are i Meafurc judged J at Crou and Ton Neglea determir Reafbns This is look for lefs thai Line al vince, oiMiJpj venient tion, by fick bet Countrie hours ar they mu want, a to fall u hoveth by all th bourhoo fi \ t^RENCH POLICY. 95 I need not mention them, and now they feem avowedly and with much AfTurance to open the fame fhameful Scene upon this Continent, which indeed they have been lon» pra^ltfing under hand. That vaft Sums have been expended upon their Royal Geographers, in order that their Maps and Sea Charts may quadrate with their political Syftem of Encroach- ments upon the Territories of other Nations, is apparent to the whole World ; and thus by eftablifliin^ their imagi- nary Rights by Pen and Ink, they are determined to confirm their Accuracy by a forcible Pofleffion. Another Piece of Finefle, or French Policy, is that of burying Leaden Plates up and down this Continent, with certain Infcriptions, in order to form new Pretenfions ; but in this, I am told, they were difcovered by fome of our Indians^ who, though not pleafed, were diverted with the Whim, as I am confident the World muft be with their other Projects, being equally ridiculous. What Figure we are like to make in this Eiifpute, to whom in a great Meafure, all this Impertinence is owing, who by an ilU judged Frugality, meanly neglected the firft Intrufions at Crown-pointy and that important Pafs at Niagara^ and fome more of the like Kind, together with a total Negleft of India Affairs, I {hall not take upon me to determine; nor (hall I enter into a Difcuflion of the Reafons of that Neglefl:, or to whom owing at this Time : This is not the Time to retrofpedt, and we muft now look forward. Our Cafe at prefent is neither more nor lefs than this, viz. That the French are now drawing a Line along the Borders of our Settlements in every Pro- vince, from the Mouth of St. Lawrence, to the Mouth of Mijftfippi, and building Forts to fecure the moft con- venient Pafies on the Lakes that form the Communica- tion, by which they will cut off all Intefcourfe and Traf- fick between us and the Indians inhabiting the inland Countries , and likewife compel thofe who are Neigh- bours and Allies, by Reafon of the abfolute Dependence they muft have on the French for every Thing that they want, as well as for the Liberty of Hunting and Fifhing, to fall under their Subjection, or ftarve. It therefore be- hoveth us at this Time to exert our utmoft Endeavours, by all the Means in our Power, to prevent fo bad a Neigh- bourhood. It is a Maxim in England, to avoid, if pof- N iible. I I 96 GALLICA F IB ES: Or, fible, the Neighbourhood of a great Lord ; by the fame Parity of Reafon, what ought we then not to do, to avoid an ambitious, all-grafping jyionarch, whofe Will, often the Caprice of a Mifs, or a Favourite, is the Law ? For fuch is our Pleafure^ is their whole Corpus Juris. One great Step, if not the greateft, to this grand Monarch's univerfal Syftem, is that of being pofleffed of this Northern Continent of America, a Territory boundlefs as his Anibi« tion ; in which he has made not a little Progrefs. From what is above related, the Reader will obferve, that the French^ for fome Years paft, have carried on one uniform Delign to weaken and diftrefs our American Colo- nies, cut off their Trade with the Indians, and feduce thofe Indians who were in Amity and Alliance with us j and that the People of our Colonies fufFered their infidious Neighbours daily to make Encroachments on their Settle- ments, with little or no Oppofition, till it was almoft out of their Power to help themfelves. And had not the French precipitated their Defigns a little too fall in attacking' Miajor Wajhington near the Ohio, and taking the Fort which was acknowledged to be on jE'n^//}?^ Ground, they might perhaps have obtained their Ends with very little In- terruption. But though Britons may be cajol'd out of their Properties and even their Senfes, by fpecious and plaufible Pretences and Profeflions ofFriendftiip, yet if they are at- tacked with the rough Hand of Violence and open Hoftili- ties, you will quickly fee an End of their Patience, This was the Confequence of that firft Adion on the Ohio. The Governors of the feveral Colonies immediately fummoned their General Aflemblies together, and made fuch fpirited Speeches on the Occafion as foon rouzed them out of their Lethargy, and put them upon making the moft vigorous Efforts. Advice was immediately tranfmitted to England of the imminent Danger the whole Range of our Settle- ments were in from the hoftile Invafions of their French Neighbours. Our Miniftry were too well apprized of the Importance of thofe Settlements to negle6t or withhold their Affiftance. - In particular, they were advifed from Nova Scotia, that that Province was in the utmoft Danger, upon the firfl Rupture between the two Crowns, of falling into the Hands of the French, who had (according to their ufual Practice of gaining more upon their Neighbours ixi Time of ofPcac* ties, fe ihamtaii Canada, of ours t Commu River, a River, by the I no Place Day, e; Force, but to al Upon Situation diately o then in / for them Convoy < Order! ham, &c, of War Men will ' lors to en Majefty's fhould v< Ships bef continuec Chatham Proclama hibiting Wrights, ferving fo courage m 30J. to 3 to every who fhou and for g difcoverin ordinary might be employed he fame to avoid 1, oftei> IV ? For J. One onarch*s ''Torthern is Ambl« obferve, ed on one .an Colo- id feduce with us i ■ infidious cir Settlc- ilmoft out id not the \ attacking ; the Fort )und, they y little In- 3Ut of their id plaufible they are at- len Hoftili- ice. This Mo, The fummoned ich fpirited out of their (ft vigorous to England our Settle- heir French rized of the r withhold Scotia^ that on the firft g into the their ufual :s in Time of FRENCH POLICY. ^7 of Peace thah of War) contrary to the moft folemn Trea- ties, feizcd upon Bay Verte^ and built a Fort there, to rtiaintain a Communication by Sea with Louijburgh and Canada,, and that they had built another Fort within Sight of ours to command the Ifthmus of the Peninfula, and a Communication with the Bay of Fund'^ and 5/. Jo/^w's River, and were Matters of all the Fur Trade of that River, which before the late Peace was carried on wholly by the EngUJh. All which confidcred, and that there was no Place in the whole Province capable of holding out one Day, except Annapolis Royal^ againft any confiderable Force, the Confequencc muft be fatal, not only to this, but to all ttie reft ot the Britijh Colonics in America, Upon thefe and other Advices received of the dangerous Situation of our Colonies in America^ the Miniftry imme- diately ordered the two Regiments of Z)««^<7r and Halkety then in Ireland, to embark on Board Ttanfports, prepared for them at Cork, and to fail diredtly for Firginia under the Convoy of two Men of War. Orders were likewife difpatchcd to Portjmouth, Chat^ ham, &c. to enter Shipwrights in the Docks ; feveral Mert of War were commiffioned ; and Warrants iflued to prefs Men with all poflible Expedition j and to encourage Sai- lors to enter, a Proclamation was publiflied, oftering his Majefty's Royal Bounty of 30J. to every able Seamen who (hould voluntarily enter on Board any of his Majefly's Ships before the 20th of February, and from thence was continued to the 14th of Augujl ; and the Workmen in Chatham Yard were ordered to work two for one. A Proclamation was likewife publifhed for recalling and pro- hibiting all Matters of Ships, Pilots, Mariners, Ship- wrights, ^c. his Majefty's natural born Subjeds, from ferving foreign Princes and States j for giving farther En- couragement to Seamen, by increafing the J?ounty from 30 J. to 3/. to every able Seamen, and from 20 j. to 2/. to every ordinary Seamen between the Age of 20 and 50, who fhould voluntarily enter before the loth oi March ; and for granting a Reward of2/. toany one Perfon for 'tlifcovering any able Seaman, and 30^. for difcovering any ordinary Seaman, who (hould fecrete themfelves, fo as they might be taken for his Majefty's Service by any Sea-Officer employed for raifmg Men. -.5 ^ ' N 2 Oa i m 1 1- 1 . ( 111 •■; It r 98 GALL ICJ FIDES: Or, Our Miniftry were the more vigorous in their Meafurcs from certain Tnformatlons thas the French were fitting out a formidable Armament at Bre^, on Board of which were to be embarked 4000 Land Forces, deftin'd for Jmerica. Their Vigilance was no lefs confpicuous in preventing the French Fleet from being vit5tualled with Beef and Pork from Ireland, where 6000 Barrels, ready to be (hipped off, were feized, and an Embargo laid to prevent any from being exported J which was certainly a very prudent Mea- fure, as it retarded the Expedition from Brejiy and obliged their Victuallers to take the Provifions out of their Mer- chantmen for the Ufe of their Men of War. Here it will be proper to take Notice of their Politic Ma- nagement through the whole Courfe of this Affair. Ever fince the Peace of Aix la Chapelte^ Difputes had fubfifted concerning the Limits and Boundaries of the Engli/h and French Territories in North America. In order to fettle and adjuft thefe Differences Commiffaries had been ap- pointed on the Part of Great Britain to meet at Paris and confer with the French Miniftry, in order to examine the Prctenflons on both Sides and fettle Things in an amicable Manner. Thefe Conferences were carried on, at Times, for upwards of two Years, and great Hopes were conceived of a happy Conclufion without coming to Blows. The French^ however, were far from having any fuch Defign. For | at the very Time, and during this long Negotiation, they were conftantly fending Supplies to Canada.^ to enable i.icir •People there to proceed in and make good their Encroach- ments upon the Britijh Plantations, as they actually did. One Squadron of their Men of War was fcnt out under Pretence of chaftizing the Algerines, but in a fliort Time nipt away for America j befides many fingle Ships that ftolc away imperceptibly for the fame Quarter, full freight- ed with Provifions and Forces for the fame Uudable Pur- pofe. Thus while they were amufing us witli a Treaty, they were a£lually extending their frontiers, and daily encroaching upon our American Settlements, and plannini; Schemes to drive us entirely from that Continent. At length their Defigns were fo manifcft, that a Man muft be ftark blind, or (hut his Eyes againft the plained j Evidence, who could not fee through them. The Danger | that threatened on all Sides, at laft alarmed our Miniftry, an^ put them upon the mg/l vigorous Meafures to repel it. ''•••' , . Th«| Meafures (fitting out ^hich were America. [preventing ff and Poric lipped off, any from ident Mea- |and obliged their Mer- Politic Ma- Iffair. Ever ad fubfifled Engl'tjh and der to fettle id been ap- at Paris and examine the an amicable 1, at Times, ere conceived lows. The 1 Defign. For I >tiation, they tenable i.ieir :ir Encroach- adlually did. :nt out under fhort Time le Ships that , full freight- laudable ruN til a Treaty, i, and daily and planning nt. that a Man : the plained | The Danger >ur Miniftr^, ;s to repel it. . Thcl FRENCH POLICY. 99 Tiifi French perceiving, by our Preparations, that we were really in Earneft, ordered their Ambailador in England, to demand the Reafon of the vaft Armam^ts we were ma- king, and for what Purpofe they were intended ? He was anfwered, that we might with equal Juftice require an Eclaircifiement of their Condudt for fome Time paft. The Ambaffador reprefented, that our Proceedings tended to break \hz good Underftanding that fo happily fubfifted be* tween the two Courts, and would certainly prevent the good Effects of the Conferences at Paris for adjufting their Differences. The K— anfwered^ with a true Britijh Spirit, That they hadamusdus long enough^ and that he would he trijied with no longer. The Ambaffador, in another Conference, declared, that our fending any Ships of Force into America, the King his Mafter would look upon as a Breach of the Peace. He was anfwered from the fame Mouth, ^0 he might if he pleafed. .Thus did the French put in Practice all their Arts, either to cajole us by fair and delufive Speeches into a ftupid Supincnel's and Inaifiivity, or by their haughty and menacing Language to deter us froni exerting ourfelves in Defence of our American Settlements ; and the Ambafl.'idor had the Mortification to be an Eye- witnefs to the noble Spirit that animated our Councils, and the Refolution of the Parlia nent to fupport his Majefty in maintaining the juft Rights of his Crown and Kingdom a- gainft all Invaders. For, March 3:5, his Majefty was pleafcd to fend a Mef- fage to both Houfes of Parliament, importing. That his IViajefty finding it requifite, from the prefent Situation of Affairs, to augment his Forces by Sea and Land, and to ' take fuch othej" Meafures as may beft tend to prefcrve the general Peace of Europe, and to fecure the juft Rights and Poffcflions of his Crown in America, as well as to repel any Attempts whatever, which may be formed againft his Ma«« jefty and his Kingdoms, doubts not but that his faithful Parliament will enable him to make fuch Augmentations as the Emergency of Affairs in this critical Conjundlurc may require. Upon this Meffage both Houfes prefented very loyal Ad- dreffes, expreflins their utmoft Zeal and Afte<^tion to his JVlajefty's Royal Perlon, Family and Government, affuting his Majefty of their effc6tual Support and declarmg their Kefolution to repel tM^xy Attempt that may be made to de«> • privQ too GALLICA FIDES: Or, prlve him of the juft Rights and Poflefllons of his Crowfl, or difturb the Tranquillity of his Kingdom. The Houfe of Commons, in Confequence of the above MefTage and Addrefs, refolved that the Sum of one Million be granted to his Majefty upon Account, towards augment- ing the Forces by Sea and Land, and taking fuch Meafures for the Security of his Majefty's Dominions as may be ne- cefTary in the prefent Conjundture. Now, whether it was not high Time for the Nation to take Alarm, may be judged from the formidable State of the French Navy at this Jundure : For about the latter End of March, it was computed that at Bre^ there were one of 80 Guns, four of 74, three of 70, fix of 64, one of 60, one of 50, one of 46, four of 30, and one of 24. At Toulon^ one of 80, five of 74, three of 64, two of 32, and one of 24 Guns. At Rochefort, one of 80, one of 74, three of 64, one of 50, and one of 32 Guns j with a large Number of Land Forces ready to embark on the firft I^otice ; to which might be added thofe already failed to America^ which were not a few. But however terrible this Fleet might appear in the Eyes of the French, it gave but little Uneafinefs to the EngUJhy who, with Pleafure, faw ready to enter upon Adlion, riding tX Portfmouth, Plymouth, Chatham and If^oolwich, one o^ 100 Guns, five of 90, four of 74, fifteen of 70, one of 66, nine of 60, three of 50, one of 40, and four of 20 Guns. Befides Sloops, Yatchts, i^c, Alfo, Ships under Orders for fitting, one of 100 Guns, one of 72, five of 70, one of 60, th'-ee of 50 Guns. To which may be added, thofc ftationed in the Ea/i znd JVeJi- Indies^ Africa and America, Provifion was likcwife made for an Augmentation of our Forces both by Sea and Land to the Amount of 35,000 Men, that is, 20,000 Sailors, 10,000 Marines, and 5,000 for Land Service. Mean while, let us for a Moment leave our Officers fiilly employed in raifing Recruits, and exercifing and fitting them for Service, and fee what is doing in America, The Men of War and Tranfports, with the Troops that lately failed from Ireland, arrived fafe at Virginia, in April. Soon after, all the Governors on the Continent, with General Braddock and Commodore Keppel, had a Meeting at Anna* polis, when a Plan of Operations was concerted. They went afterwards to the Camp of Alexandria^ and reviewed to FRENCH POLICY. lor the Troops which amounted to about 6000 Men, who immediately after marched to If^dli's Creek^ where they were to wait farther Orders. 26 French Deferters came lately to the Camp, but being allowed too much Liberty, fix of them went off again, but were purfued and taken ; and an exail Plan of our new Fort and its prefent Situation, was found in one of their Pockets, upon \yhich he was hung upon the next Tree. Bojion, March 26, Sir IViUiam Pepperel's and Shirley'^ Regiment of 2000 Men, colledled from the neigh- bouring Governments, are almoft compleated. This Province has raifed 2000 Men more for the Security of Nova Scotia, who will be ready to depart about the Mid- dle oi JpriL We are alfo aflembling 1200 more ; New Hampjhire 500, Rhode Jjland 400, Connecticut lOOO : Thefe, with others to be raifed at New-Tork, the South- ern Colonies, and a good Number of the Mnhaws Indians^ under the Command of Col. Johnfony it is faid, arc in- tended to attack Crown-Point j but as the Plan of Opera- tion was not then publiftied, this was only Coryedure. By this is feen what a Spirit prevails in the four Colonies in New-EngJandy to oppofe the Defigns of the French, By an A6t paflcd the laft Sefiions of Affembly, the In- habitants of this Province are forbid holding any Corref- pondence with the People of Louisburgh for four Months, commencing from the 18th oi March laft j and the Mafter of any Vefl'el trading thereto in that Time, to have one of his Ears cut off, be publickly whipped 39 Lafhes, and rendered uncapable of holding any Place of Honour or Pro i fit in this Government j his Vefiel and Cargo to be for- feited, and the Owner or Owners to forfeit 500/, and be difabled from holding any Place, ^c, in the Government. In New York they are wholly employed in repairing Fortifications and raifing Men ; they are fo furc of a War as to begin to build Privateers. "• * Maryland, Jprii 26. By Meafures concerted in the General Council, held laft Week at Annapolis, in Prefence of Gen. Braddock, 9 or 10,000 Men arc to be em- ployed, 2500 of which, under the General, arc on their March towards Monongehela River, at the Confluence of which with the Ohio ftands Fort Du ^efne. — Jerfry wWi raifc 500 Men ; New-Tork 800 ; ConneSiictd 1000 ; •Vphich are to be trarifported to Albany in their Way to Crown- Puint, \i I 102 GALLIC A P IDES: Or, Crown-Point."--^ Shirley's and PeppereVs Regiments, wift 500 from Rhode- IJIandy and as many from HampfiAre^ an a Part of Mqffachufefs People, are to join them ; the reft to proceed to the Falls of Niagara, and reduce the French Forts there. New - Jerfiy, The AfTembly has pafTed an A61 to prohibit the Exportation of Provifions, naval or war- like Stores, from that Colony to Cape Breton, or to any other the Dominions of the French King. Likewife an AQi for making Provifion for the Subfiftence of his Ma- jefty's Forces during their March through this Colony, and for providing Carriages for tranfporting their Baggage. Georgia. The Militia of this Province is ordtered by the General Aflembly to be regulated for the better Security and Defence of the fame. Having taken this View of the Proceedings of the Gene- ral in Concert with the Governors of the feveral Colonies in America to drive the French from their Encroachments on our Territories there, let us once more return to England, to behold and admire the noble Spirit that reigns through every Clafs and whole Body of the People, from' the Council-Table to the Plough-tail, in Refentment of the perfidious Dealings of the French in regard to this Nation, in vain therefore did the Duke de Mirepoix, the French Miniiler, labour with all his Might to bring the Britijh Miniftry into a more favourable DiJpofition j he often con- ferred with them, but found (as he wrote in his Difpatches to his Mafter,) that he could not come to any definitive Accommodation, becaufe his Britannic M;ijefly was not difpofed to relinquifh any of his Poffeflions in America. Mean while fuch was the Difpatch made in every Part of the Marine, that by the Middle oi April, we had a no- ble Fleet riding at Spith/ead, well manned, and ready to put to Sea at an Hour's Warning. Nor did they flay there long ; for on the 19th fiiiled from thence Edward Bofiawcn^ Efq; Vice-Admiral, with the Blue Flag at the Fore-top- mafl- Head, on Board the Torhny ; and Reac- Admiral iWfl/?y«, with his Blue Flag at the Mizen^top- mafl-Head of the Monarch, with ten Men of War, com- pleatly manned, leaving fifteen flout Ships behind them. They failed direvSlly ^oxPlymouih the 27th ; but fuch a flri<5l Secrefy was obferved, that not a Syllable of their Deflma- tkon tranfpircd. ^ - <• ' .. . * . Immediately I FRENCH POLICY. 103 nts, vnt^ 7jire, an i the reft he French 1 Aa to or war- »«, or tor Likewife >f his Ma- ilony, and 8 orderea the better the Genc- 1 Colonies :hments on :o Englandy ns through from' the lent of the his Nation, the French the Britijh • often con- Difpatches ly definitive y was not nerlca. every Part e had a no* ,nd ready to 1 they ftay ice Edward Flag; at the and Reat- Mizcn« top- War, com- :hind them, fuch a ftrift cirDeftina- [mmediatcly Immediately after«their Departure 'all Hands were in- ■• ceflantly at Work in equipping another Fleet, and a noble Armament foon appeared again at Spithead ; and Rear- Admiral We/T^ Red Flag was hoifted at the Mizen-top on Board the Buckingham. A P RI Li 26, the Brgji Fleet put to Sea^ but by contraiy Winds were three Times driven back, into that Harbour. However, May 5, they fet Sail again and got dear. The Britijh Fleet was about five Days a-head of them. When the French Fleet were got to a certain La- titude, Macnamara l\it QommTin^znty returned to ^r^ with nine Ships, leaving the reft, confifting of 16 Sail, with about 6000 Land-Forces on Board, to continue their Courfe for America ; and it was given out that a new Fleet of 30 Sail would ihortly be aflSmbled. Soon after the Departure of the French Fleet from Breft^ another Squadron of Ships of the Line, was got ready and put under the Command of Admiral Holborne, who like- wife took his Route for America^ in order to join the Fleet of Bofcavfen and Moftyn^ After thefc were gone, the Lords of the Admiralty being informed that the French were preparing another Fleet at Brefty immediately commiifioned a large Number of firft, fecond, and third Rates, which, in a very little Time were full manned, and ready fur any Expedition. Their Rendevouz was at Spithead^ where they foon appeared, and afforded the moft agreeable Spedlade to every Well- wiiher to the Honour of his Country j Five and twenty or thirty Ships of the Line, all rang'd in beautiful Order, rig- ged and manned to the full Complement, was a Sisht that drew vaft Crowds of People daily to behold it. Even the greateft Perfonages of the Lana were prompted by their Curiofity to be Spectators of fo glorious a Shew. The Duke w Cumberland d^x^ not think it beneath his Dignity to gratify his Inclination of feeing fo magnificent a Scene of Englijh Glory. Accompanied by the Lord Anfon, and many other Noblemen, he came to Port/mouthy where he was received with all poffible Demonftrations of Joy, Du- ty and AfFcvEtion. The next Day he vifited the Fleet ; and perhaps the Water •Proaeffion was the grandeft that was ever known ; the Admirals and Captains, to the Number of thirty, in their Barges, the Crews in white Shirts and (,?aps i Captain Harrfjon, the oldeft Commander, leading O the i« I. V \ 104 GALLICA FIDES: Or, ihe Van, followed^ by Rear-Admiral ^^, Sir Edward Hawk^ Lord Jn/on^ his Royal Highnefs, and then Lord Duncanmn ; the Hon. Charles Townfend^ and Secretary Cleveland in feparate Barges and proper Flags. Every Yard, even the Top-gallant-Yard, was as full of Men: ((landing upright) as they could ftow : Three Chears front every Ship as the Duke came a-breaft of her j Drums beating a March, and every Offirer in Uniform, ranged along the Gunnels, made a delightful Appearance.-' His Royal Highnefs dined on Board the Prince^ on which the Standard Royal was difplayed ; upon the Appearance of which, every Ship difcharged 21 Guns j the Salute due to his Royal Highnefs on his coming on Board ; and 24 Guns when he palled to the Shore. Having thus giv n a general View of the Preparations- made in England to bring our Enemies to Reafon and chaftize their Infolence, it may not be amifs to enquire what Reception our Forces were liice to meet with on their Arrival in America to begin their Operations. Of this we may conceive fome Idea from the following Letter from Louijhurgh in Cape Breton to an Officer in France^ dated May 26. " A Sloop with a Party of I CO Soldiers, and fix Pieces of Artillery, iailed out of this Port a few Days ago, for Fundy-Bay j they are to difembarlc in the River of St. John^ our Governor having received Advice that the Englip arc preparing to deprive us of the Hold we have got in that Part of Acadia. A fecond Sloop is preparing to follow, which is to difembarlc on the Southward Side of that Bay, in order to aflift the French Settlers there, in Conjundtioii with the Cape Sable Indians^ to repel whatever Attempts may be made to drive us from that Corner oi Nova-Scotia, We are every Day expeding the Tranfports from Europe^ which are to difembarlc here 1000 Men. Englijh Sloops are perpetually plying within Sight of our Harbour, there being no lefs than three which have been conftantly crui- '/Ing about the Banks for fome Weeks part. On this Oc- cafion our Governor difpatched a Frigate to acquaint them, they were to keep their Diftance, or he fhould be neceffita- ted to take fuch Meafures as Ihould oblige them to it. I This Menace, however,* feems to have had little EfFctS j fo that at prcfent all that pafTes in or out is known to the Eng/ijhy who, wc learn, are on the Point of embarking • *" from poui l>ir Edward then Lord d Secretary igs. Every ull of Men Shears froirt J Drums rm, ranged irance/ His >n which the )pearance of >alute due to ind 24 Guns Preparations- Reafon and ifs to enquire with on their Of this we Letter from France, dated d fix Pieces of ays ago, for cr of St. yohn^ he Englip are ive got in that ng to follow, le of that Bay, n Conjundioa :ever Attempts if Nova- Scotia. i from Europe^ Englijh Sloops larbour, there onftantly crui- On this Oc- acquaintthem, Id be neceffita- re them to it. id little Effca J known to the : of embarking from 105 FRENCH POLICY. from New-England on an Expedition which may poflTibly prove lefs fuccefsfiil than that a few Years fmcc againft tliis Place, as we are on all Hands well prepared for their Re- ception." About the Beginning of Jtine^ the Admirals Bofcaiven and Mojiyn^ Avith their Fleet arrived in the American Seas ; and on the loth of the fame Month, fome of their Ships fell in with three of the French Squadron which had been feparjJted from the main Body ; between whom happened a Rencounter ; of which the following Account was pub- lifhed by the London Gazette. By Letters received by the Gibraltar Man of War, from Vice-Admiral Bofcaiven^ dated off Louijbottrgh, the 22d of June, 1755, there is an Account, that on the lOthofthat Month, the y//[:/ were fent to Halifax in Nova-Scotia j and that had it not been for the Fog, they had been iiv with the whole French Fleet : That Capt. How, in the Dunkirk, coming up clofe with the Alcidc, ordered her to ftrike, and come into the JdmiraPs Fleet. The Captain of her afked, if it was Peace or War ; but not receiving a fatisfactory Aniwer, he repeated the Queftion, adding, that he (hould obey no Orders but thofe of his own Admiral. Upon which Capt. How. obfcrving a great Number of Land Officers, gene- roufly bid them to withdrav/, as it was not their Duty to defend the Ship ; which they had no fooner done, but he pour'd in a Broad -fide, and being Yard-arm and Yard- O 2 arn\. i66 GALIICA FID ES: Or, • arm, and his Guns double-fhotted, did terrible Execution ; aiid fo hot was the Fire, that the French Officers found it impoflible to keep their Men to their Qiiarters ; fo that in about three Quarters of an Hour ihe ftruck. There were about 50 Men killed in the Akide^ and about double the Number wounded. In the Dunkirk feven were killed, and about 15 or 16 wounded. The Lys was taken by the Defiance and Fogeux^ and in bot^ Ships 600 Soldiers wtth^ their Officers, and 50,000 Crowns in Mone)', This was a happy Prelude (we hope) to farther Succef- fes. And indeed it was not long before tne fame *good Fortune attended our Arms on Land j as will appear fror^l the following Extra£l of a Letter from Lieutenant Govern nor Lawrence, to Sir Thomas Robinfon^ dzted Halifax^ 7'««^ t'le 28th 1755. ' • I have the Honour to acquaint you, that the French Fort at Beaufejour fur rendered to Lieut. Gol. Mdnckton tbe i6th Jnftant, and the next Day a fmall Fort upon the River Gafpereau, running into the Bay VerU^ ythttz the French had their principal Magazine for fuppjying the /r^wA In- habitants iind Indians. In thefe Forts was found a great Quantity of Provifions and Stores of all Kinds, of whicK Col. Monckton has not yet had Time to tranfniit me a par- ticular Account. I inclofe you the Terms of Capitulation. Notwithftanding the Fort at Beaufejour had 26 Pieces of Cannon mounted, they furrenderedf, after four D aysBom-^ bardnient, before we had mounted a fingle Cannon upon our Batteries. Our Lofs upon this Occafion, is very in- conliderable, not abovre 20 killed, and as many wounded. Major Preble of the Irregulars is (lightly wounded ; Enfign Tongue^ of Major Gen. fVarburtor^s Regiment, a6ling ai jSub-En?ineer, received a Shot in his Thigh, as he was taking a Survey 6f the Ground for Trenches and Batteriet to be raifed againfl the Fort } and Enfign Hay, of CoU Hcpfons, who had been taken Prifdner by the Indians^ in going alone from our Fort to the Camp, was killed by one of our Shells in the Frenrh Fort, which fell through a Sort of Cafemate, and alfo killed three French Officers, and wounded two mofe. . . - At Col. Monckton s firft Arrival, the French had a large Number of Inhabitants and Indiansi 456 of which were polled at a Block houfe, which they had on their Side of the River MeJJbguaJh^ to defend the Pafs of that River. »-■->- „ ■ • Here /. ^xecution ; rs found it fo that in There were double the /ere killed, aken by the >}diers with' her Succef* fame 'good ppear froi^l ant Govern rd Halifax, • ■ » French Fort ton tbe i6tH n the River ; the French French In- und a great I, of which it me a par- Capitulation, j6 Pieces of D aysBom-i ann6n upon is very in* wounded, led i Enfign It, a6ling zi f as he was »nd Batteriet fayy of Col; : Indians, in billed by one rough a 5ort )fiicers, and b had a large which were their Side of ■ that River. Here I FRENCH ?OLieir. Id; Hfcrfc Aey had thrown up a ftrong Brcaft-work of Timber for covering their Men, and bad Cannon mounted on the Block -houie. At this they made a Stand for about an Hour, but were forced by our Troops with fome Lofs, leaving their Block-houfe, and the Pafs of the River clwi: fbr our People, who marched. Without farther Interrupti- Qti, to the Ground intended for their Encampment. As we had not Men enough to inveft the Fort entirely, feVfe- ral got away ; and when the Fort furrendered, there re- mained 150 Regulars, and about 300 Inhabitants, feveral of whom, with their Officers, were wounded. We don*t yet exaAly know the Numbers that were killed in the Fort, but we believe their Lofs has not been trifling, as feveral lay half buried upon the Parade. Col. Monckton has new named the Fort, and called it foxt-Cumherland, He gives the Troops under his Command g;reat Praife for their good Behaviour, and the Spirit and Refolutitn with which they zGtcA upon this Occaiioh. . Col. Moiuktm is proceeding to the Fort at Sl,%hn*s River, which I flatter myfelf will give him very little Trou- ble, as their main Strength, vrh'ich was Beaufijour, is gone. He has likewife my Orders to leave a Garrifon in that Fort, as it is an infinitely better one than ours, as well for Situation as Strength. The deferted French Inhabitants are delivering up their Arms. I h^e given him Orders to drive them out of the Country at all Events -, though if he Wants their Afliftance in putting the Troops under Cover (as the Barracks in the French Fort Were demolifhed) he niay firft make them do all the Service in their Power. Our PolTeffion of the Ifthmus, it is hoped, will bring over the Mickmack Indians to our Interef^. I cannot clofe my Letter to you. Sir, without taking Notice how much I am obliged to Lieut. Col. Monckton*^ Military Skill and good Condu^^, for our Succefs at Beaufejour ; Capt. Rousy who commanded the naval Part of this Expedition, has been of the greatef): Service to it ; and have Reafon to believe our fucceeding fo foon and with fo little Lofs> is much owing to the Management of Mr. Brewfe, who a^ted there as chief Engineer. Proposals /n of the entirely the origi- lance an(^ id the Vi- nts of thp irit of the n that Af- s made \»y '^rts. teft Hopes have con- to us, and rovince, of [nations of md blood- itural Pro- ive fhaken ws human plotted for good Sub- ^ith Difap- defatijable the Good 1 all Occa- jvernment, e$, and to will, we have the lie Honour t* Gentlemen, YO it R Cbngi^atulation upon the Succefs of his Ma- lefty*s Arms, In the Reduction of the Frmch En- croachments Upon the Ifthmus of Chigne£lo^ gives me the moft fendble Pleafure, both as it is a frefti Mark of your Zeal for the public Welfare, and a Teftimony of your Re* gard for me. I firtcerely hope you vjrill receive every Advantage that tan be expelled from the Abfence of a troublefome and treachiirous Neighbour, and that, now fo great an Obfta- de is removed, the Cultivation, the Fifhery, and the In- creafe of Trade, will foon render you a happy and flouriih- ing People. Before we leave America^ I (hall juft mention two or three Things which deferve our Notice. The firft is, a Proclamation ifliied by the Governor of Penfihania for a Faft, to deprecate the Difpieafure of the Almighty which their Sins had juftly defcrved, and to implore his Mercy. The next is, a Proclamation ilTued by JViUiam Shirley^ Efq; Governor of Majfachufef^-Bay in New-England \ the Purport of which is, to encourage thofe who (hall form themfelves into Societies to penetrate into the Indian Coun- try, in order to captivate and kill fuch of faid Indians as have been declared Enemies, Rebels and Traytors to his Majefty. The Encouragement promifed is, to every Company, of not lefs than thirty Men, for every Captive 220/. and for every Scalp 200/. provided fuch Company have performed a March of at Icaft thirty Days. Likewife to every Inhabitant that Hiall take a Captive, or kill an Indian Enemy, and produce fuch Captive or Scalp at Boflon^ {hall be paid, as a Reward, for every CapQ' : 1 10/. and for every Scalp 100/. Having thus carried the Reader through a Multiplicity oC Occurrences and Events that have happened on the Cont^ f ,- ncnt 11 itz GALLICA FIDES: Gr, pent of >/wmt/? during the Courfe of the laft fevcn Ycarf ^^ {ecn the French deftroyjng the Inhabitants and extending their Encroachments upoi? pur Colonies there, and at length the Rritijh Spirit reviving, and jlie Tatties turned upon our Enemies, who fccm now in a fair "Way of pay- ing; dear for their Infolence, let us return again to knp" bnd. " ^ ' ■ ^ ' ^ -;%- ;'^, - ■*• On the Arrival of the Exprefs which brought the Advice of the talcing of the two French Men of War by our Fleet, the Lords of the Regency held a Grand Council ; at lh» breaking up of which a noble Duke waited on the Freffc^ Ambcifliulor Mirepoixy to acquaint him that he muft de^ part the Kingdom in a very few Days ; and on Tuejday\ JuJy 22^ between twelve and one in the Morning he (ct out for J'^r^wf^. A Day or two before his Departure, he waited on the firli Lord of the Admiralty, and declared to him, that Admiral Boftaivmh Proceedings ought to be deemed A<5ls of Pyracy, and the French Officers would be juitified by the Law of Nations, if they were to hang the rerfon^ (^.uilty of them at the Yard-Arm. To which he was anTwcied with a Srnile, That they might confider of thai %(jhen th:y'i)n:l taken them. V/e will juft talcs a Step to Porifmoiithy and, with wha$ we find there, conclude our Account, . , •'* We had, as before obfervcd, a noble Fleet ftill riding kt Spithciiclj commanded by th'j two Admirals Hcnvke ana IVci'iy who failed, "Ju/y 21^ with fcventeen of the Line, all lioui Ships ; but for what particular Service dcRin'd, is, atprefent, a profound Secret, and fo I fuppofe willremain| till it is divulged by the Mouths of their Cannon. We can't difpcnfe with ourfclvcs from making one Ob- fervatloii more, wliichis. That as foon as the i^r^wr/; Court heard that two of t!;cir Ships were taken by Admiral Bc/^ cfiwm's Fleet, they caufed it to be inferted in their News, That the King inimecijately frnt an Order to his Ambafia- dors at London and Hanovcry to come away without taking Leave. And itj the nc:ur Fleet, 1 ; at ths he French muft de- I Tuefdayy ng he iet irture, he eclared to ;ht to be would be hang the which he ierofthat vith wha( Vill riding 'invke ana Line, all ilinVi, is, II remain, ■ one Ob-. ^nch Court niral Baf* cir News, Anibafia* out taking c Reports igland-AnA Kinc haa the Lordg wetiy wha "his Ncv.'s batti pRENCJf FOXICr. Iff I }iath iTiade ^H the Merchants, and the Engliflt who ar« flit this Capital (Paris) quite eafy. vv But-if the Fritnch Kin^ had received fuch a Letter, what^ Keafore could he have tor ordering his Miniftcrs to return withour taking Leave ? Or yirhy did the Britijh Court re- quire the French AmbaiTador to depart on fo (hort a Notice ? Or if the Merchants we^e made fo eafy, howi came their Stocks ta fail fo prodigioufly as they dki at that very Inftant ? But lUch are the Methods the Frtnch [Minifters already take to fupport the Spirits of the Peo- |ple ! Since the above was wrote, with which I thought to I have iiniflied this Treatife, I have read the following Ex- tra(fl of a Letter from Bojlon, in New England, dated June 2, to a Gentleman in London ; which as it affords a fre/h iDifcovery of the X^niper our Countrymen in that Part of the Globe are now in, and of what we may expert !iom them if properly affifted, I think it's not amifs to infert it I here. Major Littlehales arrived here from Virginia^ about Ithc Time- 1 received your Letters, he is well, and is :boii [to march to a Place called Niagara, upon the B«"ck ot the ICo.int-y, where fome other Forces are to join them to prevent any Communication between Canada ^nd t'.ie ^Z/V, jwhere General Braddock is going to reduce a Fort which Ithi; French have built. Two New England Regimenti Ihave lately embarked for Nova Scotia, and feveral others larc marchmg to Crown Point upon the Back of us, where [the French have built a Fort upon our Terittories ; To that lunlel's Matters arc accommodated between England and {France, you fee, America is like to be the Scat of '^ar. We in America do not defire to hear of an Accom- poJation between the two Crowns, unlefs the French ivould vacate all the Forts they have built upon our ffcrritorics. If our Mother Country will give the Aflifl- ii;ce wc expcft, -^nd what her own Intereli ftiould excite (icr to do, we doubt not but wc (hall foon humble the '^rejuh here. The Trade to America is the moft valuable hanch the Englijh have, and I believe more profitable |h.in all the reft ; lo that Interetl as well as Affection will tiiirnge you to fuppnrt us. The Qiiantity of Englijh Ma- nufadurcs » ■ 1 ^'' -I i it 1 •vWj* <-^ . -' ;'^'. ■ fii^itPIIMriliptdtWe. ! TiiftfUhtt^; tLumbfer, Fifli, OIJ^. I, and thc.lDcRiafid , , ddte: FdnkOiik lismd 19 ea^ loM had, as^l wQTIVirefor A^ tfl^come,- unlefa dm Frmch tal^e it from us, there will be no MifiUr ii^^e, 1^ an)r^Acc6uiit ; Men will^ apply themfelVoi til iiatbu^ as the moft natural anid Indep^eht LifeJ^ '( - • ■ ■•'*•- IwlitOMrwl <4Qili(fu«Md'hi lEee i»f All the Shi| l^r tt^m mnift ificfeafe ai V t' .!;■ I. ; i? / iV / s. I fl I! 1^ >«*■ '"^.' •;r4^< •t ^-vl M<'« / -> i-^:: ( : ToiMi^ Vges to^coine,- be no Mftnur Jit Lifer t 1