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 ''^fi V "UNION THE BOND OF PEACE^ 
 
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 ,'£'^^y^,.^^" 
 
 
 
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 <l 
 
 ^ND PROGBESS*^ 
 
 OF TJJE . 
 
 PRESENT DlFFlCltJIjTiES^ 
 
 iiETWEEN THE 
 
 
 UNITED STATES JJVI) ^'["^X 
 GREAT BBITAIN, AND FRANCE 
 
 CONSIliERED. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH SOME REFLECTIONS 
 ARISING OUT OF THE SUBJECT. 
 
 Br A CITIZEN OF OTSEGO COUJSTTY, 
 
 Wtica: 
 
 PRIKTEB FOR THE PURCHASER^ 
 
 .c-^V 
 
 1809. 
 
 
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 TO ALL WHO MAY CONDESCEND TO REAff, 
 THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT, 
 
 It* is not with a y\tif to provoke or arouse the 
 angry passions of such as may entertwn ideas different from 
 mine on the subject that I address yo^, or from any dewre 
 I have of wounding any man's feeling^ who is honest end 
 Mncere in his professed attachment to his country : nei- 
 ther do I wish to increase the difficulties now subsistfaig be- 
 tween our government and that of Great-Britam j nor am 
 I destitute of an honest regard for my own mother coun- 
 try, which I believe conabtent with truth and reason. My 
 partiality in fevor of England is quite natural : I was boni 
 and educated taider that government ; I professed the same 
 form oi religion with his Majesty, and which was establish- 
 ed the national religion ; 1 never took up arm^ against his 
 Majesty, or encouraged others so to do, cllhough in the wai 
 with America I was net reconciled, believing it to be un- 
 just and cruel. I also believe that the same unjust iu»ft 
 cruel disposition remains in many of their rulers unto tl# 
 day. That men <^ reading find observation have had suffi- 
 cient opportunity to discover this by their conduct towai"d» 
 America since the peace, I do not question ; neither dol 
 doubt but that all such are satisfied in their own minds that 
 it is really so ; but there are many, it is to be feared, who 
 shut their eyes against the light in the political as well as 
 in the religious world ; and who, for party purposes, denf ; 
 the tnith and hold up error, and thereby deceive the am- 
 ple an^ unsuspicious who confide in then? for correct infor- 
 mation. I therefore avow ifty motive for writing on thfe 
 ,subj<$ct :--It is for their sakes whoare thus derived. 
 
 ■i& 
 
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 - f 4 y 
 
 As to myself, I aih perfectly well satisfied with the con- 
 stUuilon, aiTtl with both the present and the last administra- 
 tions of the national government, notwithfiti<nding we hate 
 Jittfl an embargo, with provisions to carry it into effect, and 
 anon-intercour.se whicn was denounced, worse than the em- 
 bargo. These great national measures have beep loUdly^ 
 reprobated — but what of all this I Is'there noway inWhicli 
 we riii'y f'^iily account for these ihings ? Yes, replies oney 
 I tafi account for them ; it Was our bitd rtilers, who, with- 
 out any cause, brought these difficulties and privatioi'is upon 
 1J4. ^top, my friend, this isnot accounting for the difficul- 
 ties alf all ; it is only attiibuting them to acertrun source as 
 tKfe aitise of therti. Perhaps yoii may by investigation find 
 otita cause for all thosb difficulties without any imputation 
 'to your rulers. With a view to this, I began to write « I 
 purjjose treating the ilubject under this impression ; and if 
 my remarks should come before the ptibfe, tbcy must be 
 their own judges how far 1 have succeeded, and wherein I 
 hare com© short. I'he subject is a serious one ; at least 
 it is so to me* 'To criminate the innocent or to clear tho- 
 gUiltJr, I hope I shall not attempt : b^itwho is he that 
 ' y^oM not rejoilftfe, if, after a fair stateraent of febts, k evi- 
 dently appears, that our rulers instead of bringing difficul- 
 tly upoii us, have dcMie the l»«t tiiey could to save us froiji, 
 ^■^se^difficultlesi.'-^'- ■■ '■■^"' '-';/' --^^^^^^ 
 ■ Let us how enf^uire what our rulers have done in ordclr 
 to prei^rve the natbn in peace and prosperity. !n the 
 first pU6e,I wbu^tl i^serve that Fr^ce and England, for 
 these ntuuiy years past, have been determined to ta^e all 
 possibfe advantages of circumstances in order to oppress 
 leach other. This we have seen in the instance of France 
 r ussisiiog Ameiica in gaining her independence— not out 
 df love to AmerieiEi) but hatred to England. In the second 
 pl^e, let ^& recollect the conduct of England towards 
 I drawee aiice the revolution in that country took its rise, 
 L and Is^re we discover! that notwithstwidbg their opposi^ii 
 
 J 
 
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 ( 5 ) 
 
 to the Pope and Popish religion, when both the one and" 
 the other were in dcuiger of being exterminated by a just 
 vengeance* for the innocent blood which they had shed and 
 caused to be shed ; when the Popish piiests who were al- 
 ways devising means for the destruction of the protcstants 
 who dwelt amongst them— I say, when those bloody men 
 were about to receive their just deserts, England interpo- 
 sed, by hei^flcets and armies, to support Antichrist ^\ which 
 she had often declared the Pope to be. But what had she 
 to do with the French nation on this occa^on ? Was it ever 
 known that they espoused the cause of protestants agains]l 
 papists ? No, by no means y they would not, even though 
 it were just. But we see England, although it was contra* 
 ry to her creeds, to her Sunday prayers, for the downfall of 
 
 * <* Vengvanee is mine^ I will recoinp«nce saitb the Lord.">« 
 That the power of the kings and priests of France were abso*^ 
 Iute» is well known among all nations, and that this power was 
 exercised by tbeHbover the peaceable inhabitants of that country 
 merely for dissentinjg from the pope, is well attested by history. 
 Thousands of the protestants, for no other cause, were butcher- 
 ed by them ui the most cruel and barbarous manner possible., 
 without respect to age or sex* and always by th« special corn, 
 roand of his Ao/<>:f««c the pope, or under hiscontrole; such cru- 
 elties were resented by the English government, their minis, 
 ters wrote larg« vohimes to prove that Uie perptliators could 
 not escape punishment, that vengeance would most certainly o«, 
 vertjdce theci, and the just jud^ents of God fidl upon them for 
 their wickedness, and- that theu* arm of powe^^ would «oon bet 
 bro|:e9 IB pieces by hi^m unto whom aU nsen are accountable»-<- 
 Tbis event was most certainly anticipated soon after the revolti^ 
 tion began, and is now in, some degree effected^. 
 
 f My^EurOpeian brethren know very wellj that thii i^pellkilini 
 beUings to the pope, according as the mimster»of the church c^ 
 England Explain the scriptures, veu know he is represented by 
 them to be the beast and. $he false prophet> and the churdh d£ 
 Rome to be the mother of harlots, you alsO' know that the gov- 
 ernment has enjoined it on the ministers to use the fttrms.or 
 prayers which they have estabbihcd, andamong those to be used 
 every Lord's day We find dcnundatien agwnst, the pope and 
 popish religion, andr Deity invoked to overtuffi^th the one and 
 the other. Now it is not frtr tile to say whether this be right pr 
 wrong, the thing is, whether the En^Usb«i« consistent in pr»y«. 
 tegibir-thcir downfall, and whien thif is ttlQEi|||^ to i^mXi t^f 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 Popery, to licr govcmmtnt and laws, arta to the prciteatafit 
 interest in general, from some motive espouse theirs; and 
 indeed the events that have taken place since ^hat period, 
 fully der :«n8tr(Ate that her motive must have been corrupt 
 from, the beginning. At this time there was nothing to 
 provoke her resentment, except as has been observed that 
 Frdnce had assisted* America to gain her independence. 
 But thiaalone was sufficient cause. They had hot forgot- 
 ten the plans they had formed and the sti-atagems they had 
 laid in order to subjugate America ; but thatj through the 
 interposidon of a kind Providence, and aided by France, 
 they were obliged to renounce their unjust and cruel de- 
 fligus. These things ought not to be forgotten by Ameri- 
 jsans — they are not forgotten by Englishmen ; and in my 
 ppinion, by keeping them in view we may easily account' 
 for most, it not all of that desolation and destruction whicH 
 ^s a flood hath overspread the contment of Europe from, 
 that time to the present. If Great-Britain ifa so implacable 
 In her resentment towards an auxilidty, what hiust it be to-t 
 -vrarda the principal ? If France, yea, the whole continent 
 of l^urbpe, hath suffered and now suffer chiefly by their 
 
 Jine^ps, stfid in t:;ionsequence of the leyolutiooandtheGir^ 
 
 '' J:\ -^' ■•■'''. ■.^■.., '. ■ ., ■ . . ■ ■■•-■-■-/r'": : -'v;^ ' 
 
 * That G. B. hfUJ other motives arkiite from variop^^c^nsid* 
 ^nttioris Wsid^ tliis 1 tnike nodontrt; l>ut wh«th«r arty other 
 •WW eq«al to tms in mii|^ttide I scruple to betieve. Yet what- 
 ^•e>, resentment she might feel on thi« account, orbowerer set- 
 tled in her determinatkm to take rcTCinge when an opportunity 
 ftfteredjs at this time she, was doubtful whether it was expedient 
 in her present circumatances to take an active part therein« 
 ien<^ it was that after strengthening herself by alliances with 
 i^i^i^siai Austria, Spainand the Pope, and perstta^ ngthem that 
 reUgWft was in dangev, and from other considerations, at la^t 
 prevaUedupontii^m tp declare war against France and she 
 would reimburse them. Her conduct at this time wf a so pijo- 
 Yi>M!^ to her enemy, that no pains have been spa«jd since then 
 %o turn the u^tioris, and forpi an aBiancc, against her. Tbua 
 iave they exerud theinSelves in opposition to each oth^r, bi 
 wliicfi tneaiis thif wlwleeontinent of Europe has l^n andstij 
 u in cammotian. and ^uflands of poor souls hurried ii^,t' 
 3iiorbi«f epiriUhte) graii^ ^^ ambiti©©. 
 
♦ *. 
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 curtstanccs attending it, how can Americans reasonably ex- 
 pect to be entirely free from difficulty ol uny kind ? 
 
 Having premised &uch things as I judged necessarily con- 
 tiected with thru subject, I shall now attend to the process 
 of those measures auoi:ited by both France and England, 
 which havt been and still uce just cause of complaint. And 
 
 ' in order to dci'this fairly, I shall take liberty to observe, that 
 after the armies of fcrreat-Biituin had been driven out of 
 France, and all hope of cbn(iuering herm the ortiinaryway 
 of warfare was exhausted, England devised the new atld 
 cruel mode of starvation. * Every revolutionary American 
 knows that when any country is the scat of war, subsistence 
 becomes difficult. They have gbne through such scenes, 
 nftd can recollect the time and place when a crust of brown 
 bread wad very accfcptable. In these circumstujicfcs, how 
 hard htaited the Wretch must have appeared who would 
 have snatched the morsel from their trembling hands, and 
 then laughed and exulted at their distress. This was the 
 utiiadon of the French people in consequence of their coun- 
 try being the seat of war : and not having the means of 
 •subsistence within themselves, they were obliged to look 
 
 . for it from another qHiarter. The Americans, as well as 
 othet« who stobd neuter, possessing a surplus of the neces* 
 sanies of life which they wanted, and no doubt sympathising 
 Wxdi them in their afHictions, and also desiring to carry 
 ^eir'pf oduce to th^ best * market, accprdii^Iy cleared for 
 iPrcnch ports ; but the English, who were straining ©very 
 
 * This could only b^ effected by keepinj^ them so involvtd Iwr 
 land that they could not cultivate the ground, and by destroying 
 the lawful commerce of all nations who -were not at wi^ with 
 
 Hhem ; and having th« whole continent in their favor, which the 
 thought sufficient to effect the first, while their fleets 'should b^ 
 
 ,parcellcd put in every direetion, to fxecute tlje second B^ these 
 means the French were brought Into straightened circumstan- 
 
 ..ces V provisions were very scarce, and consequently dear ; the 
 
 Soor were suffering on the account. Their cries reached Great- 
 -J!****'*V.*"dl Iceland; contributions were made, and s^ntoverhv 
 . pi'opeir persons, tbr their »eiietV and thereby they Wf|^ deUv^re^ 
 I'rom |be cruelty of the devise in tU^ extreme. 
 
I 
 
 _ ( 8 ) 
 
 Bene to crush th. French, wouW not ""«"• 'h*« "^ ""'^ 
 lir ports, thereby violHting the right, Ofmdependent neu- 
 ^ na^on . «s well ^ U.e dictates of humamty, or.ly b.ma 
 ^ri^ofrcvengeapinsttheirenemi... Tj7"--t»n. 
 ced what would be natural to any naUon ? It » wid, « hun- 
 o^t'S break through a stone wall." but the French 
 fere encompassed by the British navy, which was wo«e, 
 Z worse to break through ; because it was certain they . 
 7ere watching the motions of the neutrals m every quar- 
 TrT and although they «ightpossJbly escape «.me ttwas 
 hardly practicaWe to elude the Tigilance of the whole. Yet 
 Sly made the attempt, and succeeded, at least m pa t. 
 S no doubt remember when wheat was from two and aa- 
 Stlthree dolUrs per bushel in Albany: If yo^^^^ 
 
 remember it, it was the case ; and the »«>P<='' j*«' J'* 
 Srb New-York, waiting for their cargoes, m order to re- 
 * " tSsuffe A,B brethren. While on their way, how 
 a^ ous must they have felt fbrtheir safety, huvmg futher, 
 rLrs, brethren' and sUtejs^c. waiting, It^^^^aye 
 
 fearinit their safe return. This appears as similar to Ja- 
 
 Sr^ldLg his sons down to Egypt to buy corn, as any 
 
 hing mvefver read or realised. Both had to go prep-r- 
 
 ed^ fight their passage. a,d,bgth were ve^r uncertain o* 
 
 *"VrBerli« decree has been justly compl^dof,« 
 Kiae to neutrals •, but the foregoing (act, which wasprior 
 ^^ rS tavdly menti,».ed. Great-Britain had not 
 TvSetX of a L«.. toscreen her f«mi that Just 
 ^CwTeit which every honest man mu« ffeel in such cb- 
 resennnei jr j, ^.^ enemies, and the 
 
 fl^,^,, ^^^^'..^^.i^^B* Sewme year, to stop and detain lUlV^^ 
 Arv VI council, Nov. 0, me same 3^l*» „ «„.„-- 
 ^iVclrry.inff ptovUions to tUe coiomw of fm^ 
 
WH 
 
 filter 
 k neu- 
 roma 
 nstan- 
 *hiin- 
 rench 
 trorsC) 
 ntbcy . 
 
 quar- 
 
 itwas 
 5. Yet 
 n part, 
 aud an 
 do not 
 ct was 
 r to re- 
 ly, how 
 iathers, 
 and yet 
 
 to Ja- 
 
 as any 
 prepar- 
 rtainoi^ 
 
 doTrad 
 a» prior 
 had not 
 hat ju3t 
 uch clr- 
 and tke 
 ardityof 
 
 lowSedge 
 1793* by 
 1, meal eft 
 lotheror- 
 
 jiaTiY^^ 
 
 Al8i?ropOBition is so glaring that it cannot be hid, yet some 
 ^avc ,be/en so hardy »f to venture its vindication. In order 
 to retaliate on,the English for this and sinular conduct, the 
 Berlin decree was passed : but what efficacy was there in 
 paper decrees, when not curried into effect ? The French 
 were not able to enforce th«;ir decrees, ami the English 
 knew it very well ; but yet under this decree, they might 
 pick up a few vcsselsi whether English or others, and have 
 uoipe show at.lca&t* of defense for their conduct. 
 
 It . \s been frequently argued, tliat the orde. - in council 
 were issued in consequence of the decrees of France j but 
 I cannot tlunk so, because before either were issued, the 
 English admirals, captains, and underlings, had done just 
 as they pleased, when they had opportunity. For instance^ 
 they impressed our men, regardless of theit- governmentji. 
 which had promised to protect theiji ; they had forced them 
 into their service, and al the pdlnt of the bayonet obliged 
 tliem to fight and plunder both their own neighbors and kin- 
 dred. But they have done even worse than this ; they kil- 
 led Pearce, as though th«y wished to convmce Americans, 
 if possible, that they were still their implacable enemies. — 
 *^And they have not stopped here. Shortly after, and very 
 unexpectedly, they attacked one of pur national ships ^ sev- 
 eral men were killed, others were wounded, and others • 
 were carried off prisoners, and all as unjustly as can possir* 
 bly he conceived of. If such is the wickedness of Great- 
 Britain towards America, while she is constantly holding 
 out the oUve branch, and using every mean to conciliate 
 them j if they are so far lost to all that is esteemed honest 
 and honorable, even among barbarous nations, that they 
 will treat their best friends as though they were their worst 
 enemies, and in a state of warfare, what is to be expected 
 of them towards their avowed and open enemies ? 
 
 Next Mow the onters iff council. You will here please 
 to observe three things : Fu*st, the killing of PeirTce j this 
 Wfts di«|yow6dby t|ie inurder^r*s govcfument, but eftera 
 

 f 
 
 
 '! ■• 
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 sham trial he had Mb sword restored to him, M>d wa? pw- 
 ttoted to greater honor, for hi» meritorious conduct in WI- 
 Ibg aB American. Se«^ndly, BwUey was recaHed from 
 W. stotion at Halifex, for ordering the attack on *«««.«. 
 apeake, (a«<Aey say) but how can wc betteve them thatthi. 
 small sausftction was the real cause, when. Thirdly, ma 
 few weeks after, they issued thdr pernicious orders m 
 council ! Was this m^ure calculated to make repafatton 
 to the Americans •^>rthe unparalleled injuries they had 
 received, or to . .eal tr.eir wounds by conwnang them of the 
 sincerity of the British cabinet in disavowmg the conduct 
 of their seiyants ? Most ceruanly not ; bat quite the re- 
 verse : and Americans might have been convmced at that 
 ijime what the conduct of that government worfd be to- 
 warfs them. For myself, 1 wa« convinced, and I tove not 
 been decrived. I had full amvicUgn, from the orders m 
 «>uncil and the insuWfig language of their mimater. Rose, 
 that they meant to drive America into their measures, if 
 posMble. 1 said then, and I say r >w, that Great-Bnt^ 
 never intended to make reparatiai for the attack on tho 
 Chesapeake, or for any other in^try, unless compelled to Jt 
 ■m some wuy or other. She knew that war weTs dreaded b^ 
 every A;nerican as the worst of evils, and that rt.ey wouW 
 endure almost every thing rather than engage in the shed- 
 ding of blood. She has long been jealous of America, and 
 fearing her rapid growA, and consequently stren^, both 
 by ^a a™i land, and remembering how she had depnved 
 l«rself of the advantages ariang from the trade of these 
 states, as colonies, afld foswring a» idea that something 
 miKht be done towards bringing them back at this ttme— 
 under these hnpressions, I make no doubt, the orders^were 
 Ptoed. But some will say, tho* this could not h- ^ Great- 
 Britain l.ashad no idea of bringing the Umted States tack 
 to their colonial co;>dition. But if she had not such an idea, 
 why did she presume to tax cheir produce, if exportsd to 
 her port*, making this tax payabl* ii*>|5i:;WnA^'T'. 
 
 aftei 
 
ct in kit- 
 led from 
 [le Chea« 
 tthatthit 
 dlfj in 9 
 orders in 
 epaifiition 
 they had 
 leni of the 
 B conduct 
 5 the Te- 
 «d at that 
 Id be to- 
 I have not 
 orders in 
 Iter, Rose, 
 easuresjif 
 Bat-Biit^ 
 ck on tho 
 ;)elled to 2t 
 ireaded hf 
 iey would 
 I the shed- 
 [leiica, and 
 ngth, both 
 i deprived 
 e of tbese 
 something 
 Jibtime-r- 
 jrderswere 
 \y.^ ; Great- 
 States back 
 aehanidea) 
 e;xport2d to 
 
 ( H ) 
 
 after unlading for that purpose and paying a heavy bill of 
 expense consequent thereon^ before pernussion. could be 
 obtedned to relade ; and after all this trouble and expens^, 
 they must purchase siUcenae from the British government, 
 before they could proceed on their voyage. Is not this 
 t^rse tha»any \hm^thal government attempted to impose 
 on u^ ^hile we were colonies ? Wa^ the Stamfi Jet and 
 o^er duties the^i Md upon us half so degrading ? And 
 wo^dn^it ;^ubmi»sion to these orders degrade America be- 
 li^th what they were whien colonies i lilost certainly .-— 
 And are ypU disposed to submit once more — ^to bow the 
 knee to his inost dracioua majesty,Oeorge the third ? No, 
 repliea a good old revolutionaiy veteran ; I have foqght 
 and bled to gain the indepjendenceo.f my country, andl will 
 ag^in shoulder my musket iMid take, tlie field in support of 
 it. The1ibertie«14^ve asMsted in acquiring, Ibequeath 
 a^ a sacrtd gift to my posterity, a^d may they long possess 
 \ns^om and virtue ijfjfitic^nt duly to estinmte thdc value. 
 ' Well, but, *e^sa^4^e,c>to avc^d going into 
 English pbrb '«rith ouf pwj^ce, id thereby kci^ clear of 
 paying taxesi duties, fee. fee. ? Yes, you may decline gdng 
 into their ports, but i^bat then ? Why by virtue of those 
 orders, you are a lawful pr«c, if taken, merely for disobey* 
 ing those ordeti, v^Oiout a?ay pos«bU way of escaping 
 from ^e toss bdtfi of diip Mid cargo. Tlik Is a plmttstate' 
 iti^tof&ecase,and Mr. ^luOng' <^ l^rltSsh rokiisteJv 
 •^HHc^ deny kv How ^ien»ean any man wh» has ^fnerl- 
 can W^ in Mb ¥^$, ani values^he ^dependence of his 
 country, apologise^ ibr lliese orders when aubndsi^ to 
 them destroya l«» independence! laik, then, vvho can^^ 
 nously be&ve olh^vwisethanthatilceat ButslnliBsin eve^ 
 respect maaifrsted an ^mftwndly ^Ki^ositien towanis U8.r«* 
 'Wio is there amok^ a»who canjrecur to dm/^ioidciixuiii- 
 stances ^aths^rc past^wi^ cemembera thelcobslliiacy m^ 
 rt^sjuag to gixe up the ^mstarn posts agreealdy to their 
 
W « J i i . i| » » 
 
 \- 
 
 
 \ 
 
 w 
 
 rf Canada, by J.i» speeches, to set tKe t^^ero«s .a^g^ . 
 
 on our bacWs-their rumous depredations on our cpm- 
 
 „erce in 'Ss-thp murf^r of Pearce, whose death » yet 
 
 „natoned'fo.-tl«=if '^te attempt again to «=«• «1«^ ^^^'''n 
 
 ,apon u*-the attack on theChewpeake, an^ thernvrderol 
 
 X ™en in that attact-and above aU, their atte^ torn- 
 
 salt and humble us.by thgir orclers|ftcBm.c.l =-I "'V' «' ° 
 
 is ther« amongst «8 (mi^ugenta and /.«r<«on, «.d o^ 
 
 toriis excepted) who can calmly «ew aUthese refeat^at. 
 
 tempts tdinjure us, ?nd.yet believe that Gteat-Bntain has 
 
 anv Mendly disposiuoh towards us, or that they seriously 
 
 intendmakingus ahyioparatiin Jbrinjui^f* *ejr ll^e. done 
 
 ■-■.,: t .-• - ■ ■ ■'■'.'.- ■ ■ ■ 
 
 "^ ■'■" ' ■■'-.» 
 
 very diffet^tif siiuatpd w^resj^ct^^to tfic de- | 
 
 crees of Bpnaparte i^^ ^epnyed; of W pe^^^^l^^ 
 even our hidependence: as a li^^on threatened, somc^pg. 
 to maintaHi tlx6 honor and s^ty^of tt^nati^aWas nece^. 
 
 ttie same 4^^^^ P im^fx^mf^^mm^: 
 
 and vet be'concUJ^W towards our ene^es. War has 
 : been ihe "^ of the nat«>ns. of Europe, aiwi if mfim^*^ 
 
 ly embark hi it, it wm ^hwprove our ruin^ preat-Bntam,. 
 
 W her -wars^nce the r^ign of WUlianumd Mary, a period 
 of abo^ 1¥)0 -yearii ha&^i^^cdfed herseU«|id^to^e a- 
 mo««it of more t*ian two ^iouaffli44Enim«»s ^^ «^1»''« » ^^^ 
 ber filets ar^ nf^w mmm ui^r^i*lmo9t:iWPPJ>f " 
 able burthen of. t^^ which are ye«riy. rai^d to p^y efff th^ 
 mtersst of that;4#>t. Holland, Spain, ^d m^^^ 
 states of EUfOpe^e tiotlmucbhettercircun^ ^anced. The 
 immense exl»en^ of our war with Britm is nr^ yet forgot. : 
 t^. ircostu* tnoife than three hundred mrffionfiiof dol- 
 lars INace, thei^ is the p^ that w^ ou^t to pursuei if^ir* 
 can e(»aii^ntly wit^ottr honor-and independen<le r andso^ 
 *^^«^«Atftn they saw no aUen»liYebiitto%ht^ 
 
 
IS *ayagi^ 
 our com- 
 eath » yet 
 le savages 
 mi^rderot 
 iinpt to in- 
 -isftyvwho 
 
 ej^at^Jiat- 
 Briialnhas 
 y seriously 
 i have done 
 
 i '. 
 
 ain^ andnot 
 ,by tfie de- 
 l|gh^ and 
 ,'sbmet|iing 
 «ras nece?^^, 
 cK wMuid^t 
 f t^ natiotb 
 . War has 
 jiye.friBfluep*^ 
 rreat-Britam,v 
 aryi a period 
 l^ttpJthea-: 
 Mlars J jand 
 atin^upiK^t- 
 
 many other, 
 anced. The 
 ot yet forgot- : 
 IHonfi-ordol*. 
 ► purBue|tf"W»^ 
 
 etKle/; andtcM 
 iYebiitto%h|t 
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 '6ur tfray* by war, in our trade abroad, or to keep our citizen^ 
 and property at home by an embargo. The measure of the 
 embargo was calculated to convince the world tliat we wish- 
 ed for peace, notwithstanding all the injuries that had been 
 heaped upon us. To this measure there has, however, 
 been a great opposition, as tJiere has to almost every mea- 
 sure of the Republican {administration. , All those in oppo- 
 sition have nevertheless been at a loss for a substitute' for 
 the embargo ; and when pressed to propose o?ie, some of 
 tlie most unblushing advocates for Britain proposed that 
 we should treat with her on such terms as she would be 
 pleased to allow us ; that is, to submit to her impositions 
 tipon us and go to war with France in order to repel her 
 aggressions. Such proposals might suit a tory very well % 
 but to wA2/*«, to those who vtev/ Britain and France with e* 
 qual indifference — who value the peace, honor, and, pros- 
 perity of their own country, and who have no blind partiali- 
 ty to any other, such proposals could only be received with 
 I Miorreniie and detestation. 
 
 How long we nay be suffered to enjoy the blessings oC 
 peace, we cannot determine. The political horizon is darlf ; 
 and portentous. England, it appears, by her late attro?- 
 cious act of perfidy, in disavowing the negotiations entered 
 into by her minister here with our government, seems us ill 
 disposed toward us as ever. By that same act of perfidy, 
 too, she has relieved herself from the distress which our 
 embargo and non-intercourse laws had thrown her into ; 
 as she has nov^ become supplied with cotton,, provisions, 
 and other articles which she wanted extremely, and ha« 
 also been ei^abled to glut our markets with her goods and. 
 manufactures ; so that she can now hold out in her inif)ui- 
 
 tous course a while longer. With ^™"'*^^*J^^^"^ ^^^ 
 c^r minister tliere, together ^^'ith the t^miti^jp^i^^ 
 forming a treaty ; but Wliat wijyi be the riiilt of it^ptan- 
 not as yet conjecture. 
 
 As i proceed, it becomes necessary, hewever unpleasant 
 it may b^s, more f^Iy to notice the late conduct of the Brit- 
 ish, and sti ;' the particulars of their cusuvowal of tlie nego- 
 tiation entered into by their minister here. This i? an e- 
 vent which stands, and probably ever will stand without a 
 parallel in the history of nations. 
 
 Last spring, IVIr. Erskine received iHstrue.Ions from bis 
 government, that his majesty was disposed to settle alii dif- 
 
 n 
 
 
I 1^ ) 
 
 icrciices then subsisting betwe-.a the two governments, and 
 to make ample reparation for the injuries they had done j 
 but more especially the attack on the Chesapeake, and that 
 if he found a amilar disposition on our part, he should mak©^ 
 arran^mients to carry the same into effect. Accordingly, 
 on Ae I7th of April, last past, Mr. Erskine opened the ne- 
 ^ti^tion with our government. His proportions were well 
 recei-ycd. Every thing succeeded in due order, in the name 
 of his government, until he had given the mostampleassu- 
 fsaiice that reparation should be made, and that the orders 
 in cCAjpcil should be withdrawn, so far as respected Amen- 
 ta, Iw ♦hi tenth day of June, last past. In return, and at 
 the request of Mr. Erskine, our government pledged itself 
 that the non-i»tercourse act (which had just passed) should 
 be withdrawn 80 iar as respected Grcat-Biitam on the said 
 tenth oi Juner last past. The business of negotiation cm 
 thoae points ijeing thus amicaWfelosed, the President of 
 jthe Uui^ Stetes gave notice thereof by proclamation, on 
 the 19^1 together with the efficia] documents that passed 
 MOrt t^ occaMtm. Americans, not suspecting either the 
 maisteror his government, wer^%hly graced, not only 
 ]beci«»etheo»nisterhai acknowledged the efficacy of th» 
 meJ^res vlRch o^ govenimcnt bad adopted, but because 
 they wllIM fop P«a«» «« i^^ ^^ honorable terms, and 
 ^y nm hoped it was secuM. With this pre^ctj Fed- 
 eroibr* tftok a new stand i before it took place, their ciy 
 imft « non-intercours* worse than embargo ;** but now it 
 tfM a saU}tary measure, and they wore the cause both of it 
 and tiie adjustment which had taken place in consequence 
 ofiti T^ WPS a great miw^rftoreptAlicatis; they could 
 — *^ ^^ ^^^ „i^„^ ^^ had frequently declared 
 
 t pever t^^£gT^?**lfj?f J^ 
 
 ^d 
 
 
 our Wfiteit should 
 
 iidon,bdl6lR 
 
 sAmtegov- 
 
 -h^msril 
 
 p^ rej^aled, , ^ . ,^ 
 
 tJie aatisonal w ^fftXL as in «veral ofl^ 
 
 ^e pitjgiess of neeotiatik»,and to render our rtileifodteuj 
 ^ the ^em of the people— that they should stepfon^rd 
 «hA de<^^, « we have sttcceeded (as instruments) m lay- 
 ^ a foundrtien for ^c retuw of peace and prospcnty te 
 «Rlt ini^i?*^ ^wxntry. 
 
:s,anci 
 lone s 
 id that 
 mak& 
 
 tie ne- 
 ewell 
 name 
 stissu* 
 orders 
 Lmeii- 
 andat 
 I itself 
 should 
 le said 
 ion on 
 ent of 
 ioni on 
 passed 
 er the 
 ot only 
 ofth« 
 ecause 
 isy and 
 ;t, Fed* 
 ^r cxj 
 now it 
 th of it 
 quente. 
 sf could 
 lecbo^ 
 if peace 
 ton pro- 
 should 
 bothtn 
 
 forward 
 [) in fey- 
 ►eritf t» 
 
 ) 
 
 I say this was more than was expected, and moi*e than* 
 tould be accounted for on any principle hitherto ex^locedy. 
 except this, that the leaders of that party had been in the 
 iiabit of misrepresenting tiiitl^, and propagating^ error. %• 
 pitjve this, I need only refer you to their public speeches^ 
 letters, and pamphlets ; read Mr. Pickering's speech in the 
 seB te, his letter to Governor Sullivan, with many vindica- 
 tions by other hands, to wit, Messrs^ Bayard and Hillhousef 
 in the senate. In reading, mar!: well the constant inundar 
 tion of invective, pouting forth in torrents on the heads of- 
 departments, especially the president and secretary of state* 
 charging them with dishonesty, partiality, duplicity and hyy 
 pocrisy, and all thdr adherents with worse, if possible ;^ and 
 yet, when by their honest and ^plght^iecseverKQiselBicight 
 prindplefift llwy^^ad wchieved aUmrel, (thec(mfidcnc©<il 
 the peop^ jmd well deserve to wear it m their. J^rowwA- 
 ihofie «etf Admirers, although congous tha^ they.hil 
 justly repTol^ted themselves from any, even the l^^ ich 
 grce of nght to claim in the affair, yet we see th^o in ^wdur 
 tisuai vaunting manner, impute the whole, to ttieir^^nsi^ 
 exertions inoppontion to the general gov^smment! Their 
 p^e^ sup^rted by sdf will, would not «i#er them to yield 
 ioconvictionk " •,>; -q-i^n;? 
 
 1^ next i^p which ^ley took to deceive the pe0{^> 
 afndrob theii nder&eftheirGoi^l^BiMre was, that ^e^m 
 propositions made by £i*skine tx> our 'gpovemm^^ had been 
 made by Rose eigbtsen months before, and that t>ur;gfyfk 
 eminent hadj^|ected them % but as Mr. Rose never made 
 any propositioKi to our govemxneiit, they wei:e easily de^ 
 tected sEBd refuted ; besftdef, by their foUy k pip;9&s|inglo 
 support; what was 'm. tti^.,iiuiUppoftab^^i|^^M 
 thetnselvett to ^^"^^^^^^^^//iUM^^^^^^^^ 
 
 raUstsli^PII^ Repubvi|k$ are 
 moonniiiJfCHHHHppip^unt} as thi^ Revolvement cannot 
 be imputed Id'^Ffl^rniiient; but must certainly rest be* 
 twee'a the foreign mmist^ vid his government s I^t \v- 
 repose a just imd ref^so^ia^e confideftce in Qiir riders, thv 
 OS l^«y have hitherto watched over the interests ol the iia- 
 ^on with imremkted assiduity, they wiil cootlnuje to use 
 
 43k 
 
 .■•«• 
 
 
 T ,1 Ki 
 
 
 not but they feel anxiously ccmcemed for both, and they will 
 not be ^vandog in giving timely notice of every event in 
 
( 16 ) 
 
 wMci. the »Hion U interested. As a P'-^J^^^ '^. ^'^ ;;;* 
 bave had the President's proclamation adyismg, that as tne 
 S^ersin council were not repealed on the tenth of June 
 Ae non-intercourse which was st.spended on these condi- 
 ti"s now in full force, as though such stipulauon had 
 n^ taken place. Here is full proof of the """"/"bast- 
 ing between the present and former president ; and J hope 
 hh good friends will not fall off on thisaccount,yorAe«.«« 
 
 " ^m(v"e cause may originate, we find ourselves 
 thrown back on the former administrauon, ha«ng no bet- 
 ter pt<«pect8 than we h«d last winter.* That Mr. Ei skine 
 should meditate such an event, is not reasonable. As an 
 
 ^glUhn'»n.h« would "ot d«"^'= '»^?Tf ^ Lf ^S' 
 Semim and a scholar, and as comi>etent » his tagh s^^'^on, 
 
 he could not he deceived, especially «» !>« ''fj^ *""Xt8 
 ^e to know the mind of his government on those points 
 before tWs! and further, the proposiuoiis embraced no 
 Sore ttontherhad said theywere willing to do, except th* 
 i^scindingofthe orders in council. ;- - .„,ii »«,-,»- 
 
 1 aril, then, how could he be deceived in so small a mat- 
 tor ?r don" believe that he was either deceived or mistaj 
 1^. but that he did exactly as he was instructed to do, and 
 &Xtho« who are his enemies wUl yet shmk from the. 
 
 ™KS^ very probable to me, that Mr. Erskine recei- 
 ,eitb^^^aonsinthe form ^y}}^^^J^^^ 
 ^ to our toVemme«, and that he 4id no more than copy 
 S^ Thrhasbeensugfee«ted.in Jhe Enfciish I^U^en^ 
 ^h*i» they have Ukely before tWs time ascertained the fart. 
 
 ior'oo'fiifor bcsltati*n^; in this K^it^:j;^,^}lC^^^^ 
 4)oastea national Uonoy is now very low,«ia ^.//.^^^^^'^av 
 t^iltifemselve. of the temporary jfj^^Xr tS^^^^^ 
 jrain by fraud ui one way, tbegr w.ll try another. ^^}^y ^^ ^ 
 fhcir satisfart.GR that Rose w .ot the *«;"• ^^^Jj^^J/J'p^^^^^^^^ 
 stood too ow inUieqsteeofio. ^^ f>''Z''^f^,X^VJ^^ 
 
 i«a appoint a hian highly esteemed both »" «»«J^" V *^i'" ^^^^^ 
 ^0^; they «.l8ov44eirmo4eof^^d^dwi^^ 
 
 iheir re*l and prcnaeOil^ted design. 
 
i7 )' 
 
 Should this be substaijtiated before one moiUb, by official 
 documents, how many of our Americans will believe Mr. 
 Bayard, where he says, « P2ngland is 8ot our enerny, nor 
 does a necessity exist to make her so." Perhaps England 
 has overshot the mark for once, and gone farther than she 
 intended ; but will this help the matter ? No ; for she can-, 
 not go backwards if it were for her interest so to do. This 
 you have seen in the revolution, and depend upon i.*j y6u 
 will see it again, as far as her power extends. It is often 
 said England does not want to go to war with America. So 
 it was said by many before the revohitioft ; but they found 
 the contrary, and you would find so^now if she were pos- 
 sessed of the means ; this is all'thaf laves you from her ar- 
 mies as heietofore. 
 
 Again it is said it is for her interest to be at peace with 
 America. If she thought so, we should have had a treaty 
 before this time, but the fact is, she cannot be at peace ; jt 
 is contrary to the possibility of her existence. Without 
 the plunder of war, she cannot exist ; by this she has been 
 supported for many years back, and when no longer able to 
 support herself in this way, she must inevitably fall. Her 
 apologists in this country know this, hence they tell us she 
 is fighting for her existence. But what do they mean ? Is it 
 that other nkions will not suffer her to be in peace ? No ; 
 they know better ; they know that her fleets must be sup- 
 ported, and this cannot be done unless they are in motion | 
 and being in motion, war in some kind or other is their ob- 
 ject, and that frecjuently on their fi-iendis. Instance the ta- 
 king the Danish fleet and the burning of Copenhagen, and 
 the attack on the Chesapeake, ordered by Admiral Berk-' 
 ley. Each of these- were iinpit>i^ke(l mManmmfkt m!^ 
 yet premeditated, which plainly piiioTes^'^at ihef^iJ^KHf ., 
 ^riff^hadrather) will not be at peace. If such fuiits * 
 tan be d\'terlooked by Americans, through an over-we^ning 
 partis^ty towards a po^wer whoSe tender mercies are knoWii 
 to be so cruel, what wiU awaken them to a sense of their 
 danger ? But it is said these were notthe.acts of govern- 
 ment : The fir^t was expiessly so 5 and the last, by being 
 ordered By her servant in a highly important station, bge 
 came so, for the want of reparation being made for the ag- 
 gression. , 
 
 This that government has now utterly refused to dojtho* 
 pledged to the pertormance by their jninister to our gov- 
 
 £2 ' 
 
 ^" ' 
 
{IB 
 
 th.s act ot the basest^rw ^^^ „f „„, own^over*- 
 
 own Sovennnent do we deuvetM mw 
 
 est siruggic w i^^uir^u th^ idea." cnes every honest A- 
 ihed for freedom, forbids the mea, ^ « ^ ^ 
 
 merican irom east to l#»t and ^^^J^.^^^j^^^'i^^^ 
 
 honest WSD to stand or fell with «. T°^"!?'V^ f^ fo^ 
 ted, the question ag.ii> ^'™S' ".^^^tltofS. ^ 
 the support 'iJ'"^^)L^r^'ZVt^^ 
 
 dvevhat vou ought net to do. •'™* T^™ .tTST tu« 
 ^sJge in ^"^"^'^'ri'lja inearknd^ Uut it i» unjust 
 
 tbmeiBMlmi'eS' 
 
 Thiswafthe Sp^ ea»w o^*" <=''"^'**"r;w^ 
 STtS^TK^ opened ?^~^yrX^^^ 
 
 ureht lecommended waa wrong ot course. »"' " ^^ 
 ^J^tified thipoUcy of tl,e "^^T'^^l^n^X 
 
 ^^rSori-y SWVernm^^o'l- -<2::^^^; 
 iiolatioaitf its tews. p»^ uw»c «.* v- '-J^~z2r..,^Y^^ 
 fc^lSfottwoyeaFi past, we should long ag?^^^e"to»*'^ 
 ^^rtd to cur usual ^^rospenty. 
 
ne issue 
 the wis* 
 
 I to dear- 
 
 1 
 
 ( m ) 
 
 ; In the next place I would observe* that a^r havifig bf 
 your iuffbiges raised men t» take eharge oC your naiioiitik 
 concerns and to preside over your deatwiles,yo\|. ought w^ 
 Mi^^rt them in their oSkSal andKSt^irpi^saie charact*r» 
 by every means consistent with troth, h^r and honestv^ 
 if this be not done, you dirow embartissments in their 
 way which, in difficult times, have a ruittMis tendency?* It 
 they have to contend, a& in the present cage, with grew and 
 powerful opponents, in the same proporti^ as opposition is 
 raised to them at home, will a perseverance in oppoamon; 
 to them be encouraged from- iibroad. The instance before 
 us is a striking one to illustrate thi» position. If Great- 
 Britain had found ua^ uwtedwid determined to support 
 our rights ; if she had not bew encouraged by a host ot 
 adherents here, depend onk she never would have perscn 
 vercdmtbc stepsshe ha&taken. But she has found us di- 
 vided at home, alfcd she has filmed hopes (vain hopea, I 
 trust) that by means of this divlsi^ii, dhe can effect her sel- 
 fifkh jjurposee. In repiMca, there ia t^ time m which the 
 J8III isi 1^ solem 4i|^«ehe so stia^aa ki prUous and 
 ■Wi^s^^^meA. -r^mSGek^^S^Brnt was m> senable of tins, 
 tet in Mwh timea a Dictator was chosen who possessed ab« 
 solute and despotic power over tlie state until the trpiublcft 
 and dangers were over. I am not contending^ for a^dictai* 
 forship at any time in our government ; bnt this I will say* ,^ 
 4fegtj» Aiio^itaitaeftteeiit, e«ery.h«ie«tm^«ii^tt». ^^ 
 
 }tve9i But alas 
 
 amobgfltiMk JMt|^ 
 
 Qreat-^tMo^^ai^'^ L,.^ .^,r-^„-,^-^. ^ ^ 
 
 eiia^4Bd fl^-iy otherUBf^WI^ had the h»r^ 
 hood t<if tell us t6 our teeth, that "Gteat-BHtain has done 
 us no essential injury .'* Almost e^er^ petty nierch«ii 
 who imagkiea that his success in retailing stayt^e »nd 
 buckram dependp n the liMinufactures of Great-Brwain— 
 every despkabl^^^tart who foncies that all ^vkich enoi:dea 
 humun nature ilHRe dressed in ^ fi :.e coatof Bridahman- 
 tjfiiCture, were loiid in their invectives ^inst our g;ovem- 
 ment fot? not truckling to Brit^ ; ai'd when the news 
 foaehed usy at Jthe last elecdon, that Britaii^throughhcr 
 
( .20 ) 
 A..t .he had offered us the'same terms of accommodation 
 rl:1^.T8 "months before, and that -r gove^me^t, 
 {hrough stubJ>omn.s| -'l,^"- rS ^ ^^^^^^^^ . 
 
 3siidKKtS-rthT^^^^^^^ 
 
 Wri^^ decked Ih'ey would treat in no such .^msw.U.^.s, 
 «Vi VKmt thpir minister was not authorised to otter the sdine* 
 Do you\^?t ecXS that w., lately raised by these 
 TOisffie creatures that Jefferson was a bad ""^ ' .'^"h« . 
 ^ me Drooosidons had been offered to him by Bntam 8 
 rnthrbE but that Madison was a good man,- and a 
 fidiraU^U and therefore he had accepted thera. , 
 
 Fellow-Citizens, ; , 
 
 There is a set of men amongst us who once possessed 
 p„™lich they abused, and of course they were smp- 
 Sfed of it by their masters, the sovereign people. These: 
 Wn l»ve lonp f-lshed for a war with France,™ orferth^ 
 u ^rsh^Jwtelhlis^tounitp more cVP-^XEng^^, 
 ■ ioihat Enelish hrinatde; Mid of couwe ti»e EngUshtorm 
 ■ cf ^.nSu, should be<«»ne better liked, and more fesb- 
 ''■ iSe araonast us. AVtl<e,h!fad of these menstwda 
 S^l^X^AMith Ui»j»i9« deeply deploredmEng- 
 t: ■ S'^ .rSS|K^L|i|iy||gRaistB here. These same 
 t J f^HHBIS^S^ antl address to man- 
 ^raud SodwhTtheUte P^nt Adams | but he at 
 
 ice st^ ; «..d conscious .that they ^^ver nseagam 
 ^ the mer ts of thur own principle?, anaconuuci ».™.»^ 
 ™vv^, iher have constaMly endeuTored to_^Tneotem 
 5^'?,,. rlu'.acan administrations of Jeffersot,,and Mad- 
 fson,' ta hopes that by ni^g ™ '"'^''''^t ciy usamsi^^r.!,. 
 
 ^k"wn devaerits wovrtd b« ihe w^re easily foi-gotten^ 
 

 ( 21 )• i 
 
 Any one, however, who closely inspects their conduct, and 
 perceives the inconsistency of their declarations atone time 
 compared with those made at anothei^ — who perceives ho\i^ 
 they can wrigjjle and twist and distoit themselves into id- 
 tnost every shape, to gain the favor of the people ; andin 
 short, who perceives that at bottom their leaders are aris- 
 tocrats and monarchists at heart, who cOuld wink as easily 
 and coin|K)sedly at the treason of a Burr, or the project of 
 a dismemberment of the JSTcw-England aiatea from the unioni 
 as they can at eveiy imposition the British have practised 
 on us ; such will, with me, be convinced that these men 
 are unworthy public confidence, and ought not to be trusted 
 with the concenis of the nation. " ' 
 
 Notwithstanding, however, that we have detected so ina»» 
 My of their falsehoods, their absurdities, and their deviations 
 from the duties of patriotism, we are willing to adnadt, that 
 such corruption of principles is confined to a few, imd that 
 the great body of the people aie honest and sincere in their 
 professed attachment t^ their country fend government, and 
 that they will give such demonstrative proofs of the same) 
 as shall convince our enemies that they have principles and 
 judgment of theii own which they wr|l exercise indepen- 
 dent of any British or other partisan ot emissary amongst 
 us. ^ 
 
 The precepts of ttie gospel teach us to believe that the 
 severest dispensations of jirovidence are blcs^gs ia dis» 
 guisevin as much as they are fitted ultimately to jwomote 
 ot^r happiness. May not tliis be said with much tenth of 
 the late lirrangemems with, -and the disavowal by. the Brit-* 
 ish gbvfcmment l\ The former lias irresistibly proofed tijc 
 inipartklity <^Wr,|^ernn&ent, and the latter as strongly 
 evinces the little justice we have reason to expect from the 
 Bridsh ministry^ ^ 
 
 Our union aihoag ourselves is- infinitely more important 
 than the ifrowns or lavpr^ of the whole foreign world.. It i^ 
 only froth pur own divisions that we have an^ thing serious 
 to fear. Other events may expose u^ to tcriiporary incon- 
 venience and injuiy ; but so long as we remain firmly de-^ 
 termined to support o\xt own government, We may laugh 
 at the daiigeji that belet us. They may impedi our 
 
 growth, but cannot destroy it* They may embajrass p^^ 
 yji^ustry, but cannot crush i^ 
 
( 22 y 
 There it ii»do«4gM«t truth in the «d»ge, thrt <^S«^ 
 
 deep a root, or aosnm w c»«.-.™.» » ":''"" 'i;"~.:„ii, •«. 
 fcr5ie»««»rti»rfHe«*«>th»l beat upon H. It maybeee- 
 
 S««f«»Sw«UiWlon of our virtues, th«t we *»>«■" fceJ 
 
 fa^M •»«» «• »V o*«™- We shall leurn «» ''•I^^* 
 
 iSS^'md let « due ^e <^. .'^^^T^'^Jl 
 5n™»iM it with th. wreiehed condiuoo of other i»Uod* 
 WeDlbrm »^rtuou» iwtiomil chfttacter, and cease te 
 
 '^S^S,vS7.W^'Se value of our n.hts. «»-'- 
 
 Md reidtae th«*lt reqta««* «» much virtue anfl vnsoom to 
 
 de^ rf^Knd^tance whlcUhave violatedour com- 
 
 S ^^tSTTcouncn of the 6th of Kovej*er of 
 . «i>e H^ year.to stop *£ 4«tam ^1 ve»v_ ^g pro 
 Srioww the cotome. of Fww 5 ^e J^ . ^j,^^ 
 
 nttn «u that C««l«»» P»*ed » I4W * «*«^*^J^^, 
 
 ' '^" neaaure neceft* 
 Hin;btrtfe» 
 
 'aSi:\rin»rii adopted «pd of «wH^WBJP5J*i„i^ Air «. 
 Btit<ifo we» sittled for *« time^^Md » ^ e 
 tov^ yr ^rs } when most of the WOdes of vhat treaty expir 
 
 ^p 
 
( « ) 
 
 niseci by these same fedcralisttb if sach powers htd bMO 
 vested in President Jefferson. 
 
 
 nrkA r^*^■vt Kr\«ttlA wt^autti'tv:. QONiinttf r\nf< c gm\n\ m*>^m 
 
 also on the part of O. Britun ; by a procknuatkm dated tho 
 1€th May, 1806. The const of Europe, Ipwn th« river 
 Elbe to Brest was declared to be in « state of rigid block'* 
 ■ade ; and of course our vessels were interacted! the tiid# 
 of that length of coast under p^n of condemnatioii ab4 lbi> 
 
 The only blockades itcognised by the law of nations, are« 
 where the entrance to /icr/iVtt/ar/ior^t is made dqngtrotf 
 by lbi*Ge8 actually before it ; but a blockade ^taU the pmls 
 ;of half the coast of Europe, bjr mere /iroeiamation when in 
 fact not a single port p&rhaps in all that distance wai legidif 
 blocked up, was as absurd as to pretend to blockade w 
 whole earth ; and was, on the part of^vreat-Britaiii} a mott 
 janjustinable infraction of neutral rights. >: 
 
 The abominable injustice of this roeaiure excited thf 
 attentl^ of Bonaparte. His minister, (Mr, ChiatDp^?nyl 
 renums^ted with our minister at Paris, (Mr. ArtnstroDg; 
 upon the subject«^who assured the Frenchman that eiir go* 
 vemmcnt wei'e very &r from acquiescing in the iocftsur«y 
 and that they had remonstrated against it, but to no pur* 
 |K)8e. ^ Well then,*' replies Bona^rte, *^ if Great BrHaiOf 
 in carrying on hei* war&re agsunst us is to be sttffei^d to 
 i^]a$» the faw^m^kmt, we will follow her examfle and 
 aviMourselm^^ the IHiie wei9Qiti*^«*and 
 in the true ^tk df re^imfofit BfQiuiparte' h 
 bi uted Berlin decree of Novembefv: 11 
 whole of Great Bi^dfeiki $dA, her dq 
 blockade. The FM^ch government 
 srme time, that thii dbc^Sd yhoQld wM^ fij^pnrrced to our 
 lnjYV^;>)rw«ait evtf^ifim^ uauntU near « 
 
 |fea#uft^lli%rda, 'uuh» at0o{ m sBp Horizon, which was 
 condemned under it a few days pf«vioi,is to the Brstish or^ 
 ders in council of Nov. 1 807 ; which wei^ issued as a pre- 
 t^ded retaliation upon the Berlin i^ree, altl^otigli, the 
 British government was fully Mfon&ad oft e dispdsmon of 
 ^ Fiench goternmetftio exc€ptmfr®aa its e|serati<^, sn^ 
 before i&he could notssibly have obtianed any informatioft^ 
 of the cQisdemDatldliWtfao Bontm. ; ',. 
 
 i^tti 
 
 4-' 
 
 : c 
 
\X'>^ 
 
 (24 
 
 These oi-aersof Noveltibct, isor, proWbitea »11 AwM- 
 «n conime-cc wUh any European port from wh'C" th* 
 British flBSi; 'ms excluded, under pain ot conaemnaUon, 
 uriiess rwiief. on under SnVwA ic«!»(-». ^„. ;„^„„ 
 
 But in this measure the flagruw in)usnc« and incon- 
 sistenw of the British government, is most glaringly exem- 
 Sifed For she endeavored to silence our complaints and 
 reSstrances ag. inst her violations of naoonal law and 
 ~1 rights, l| pretending that her only resort was to 
 S^"rive her enJies of the Eenefil*bf »«rcommerce-and 
 Tei she was veiy willing that M<.« commerce should be . 
 "carried on under licences purchased from Acr. 
 * Then followed the Milan decre^_of December 807, de- 
 claiinc eveiT vessel lawful prize, that had suffered the vis- 
 it of ^ EnllisH ves.,el, submitted to an English voyage, 
 Tpad dS| to the English government , and also every 
 yesfel coming from G. B.ituin or any ol her colonies 
 
 Thea followed the British acts ofparhameti of 808, 
 for carrying into execution the. orders of council of 1 807, 
 mpo"bg a .ox upon American produce ^"""f «° '^^^f, 
 exportedtothe ctntincnt, under s»idftc«»r<-., of troshil- 
 Un^aS sixpence sterling, on every hundred w«gM of 
 toteco s two shillings per pound on ""''^S »Xo?k" 
 shillings and six pence on every hundred weigh ofpork . 
 
 „i„e pence per P<>«"d ™ cottonj<^^ k^'of "Jp^f ^t 
 tides not enumerated m those acts, a f^yj^ * v _ , 
 
 Then followsthe Bayonne decree "^ fj^^'\' f « ' ^^^ 
 subjects all American vessfcls, found on the high seas smee 
 1|ip en*argp, to capture and condemnation. 
 
 h 
 
 riJiris. 
 
 v\l 
 
 I