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 Art. 
 
NEW AND RAHE PLANTS — LAWSON. 
 
 68 
 
 (From I'rocecdiiigs Institute of Natiiial Science, vol. vi., ]iar' I.) 
 
 I 
 
 Art. yu\. Notice of New and Rake Plants. By George 
 Lawson, Ph. D., Ll. 1). Professor of Chemistry and 
 Miner<do<jy,Dal](ousie Colhyc tnid Universifi/, Halifax. 
 Kora Scot Id. 
 
 (Keiul 12tii DiHieml.er, 1882.) 
 
 Part 1. Plants collected at Blomidon, Bay of Fwndy, Kings 
 
 Coanty, Xora Scotia. 
 
 A familiar featuie in the physical fjeoori-aphy of Nova Scotia 
 is the North Mountain, a table-topped rido-e that runs for (SO nules 
 in a straiuht, unbroken line alonj,^ the south-ca.stern shore of the 
 Bay of Fun<Iy, from Annapolis Basin on the south-west to Minas 
 Basin on the north-east, and thus shelters the fruitful valleys of 
 the Annapolis and Cornwallis Rivets. One of the most attractive 
 features in the sceneiy of Nova Scotia is the bold and strikingly 
 pictures(pie promonNjry of Blomidon, risiu;^- to 400 feet in heiglit, 
 which forms the north-eastern termination of the North Moun- 
 tain, and now looks down upon the fertile stretches of 
 waving tneatiow, blossoming oichards, and scattered towns and 
 villages, as it did in the olden time on the less ambitious hamlets 
 and carefully cultivated fields of the French farmers. Tiie 
 physical and geological features of Blomidon, — its red sandstone 
 strata, mostly covered by a debris-slope, and its continuous 
 summit cliff or wall of daik trap — have often been depicted by 
 pen and pencil, and its zeolites and other treasures of mineral 
 species are shown in njost of the public museums of America and 
 Europe. It is not so well known that Blomidon is a rich pasture 
 for tlie botanist. 
 
 In July last an excursion to Blomidon was undertaken, 
 chiefly for the purpose of studying its ferns. The party consisted 
 of Colonel CoLLiNUWOOD, R. A., and his son Percy ; Dr. Catell, 
 Deputy Surgeon General; Mr. P. Jack, Mr, Geo. Thomson, and 
 myself. Having reached Canning the night before, we started early 
 m tht' mornitiu' for IMomidon, sailing down witli the tide in a vacht 
 called Bio- Eddv. which affords convenient anchoraire. 
 
 i?^^. 
 
 ph 
 
 P 
 
 \ 
 
 a 
 
 ,^^;^ 
 
 A 
 
98 
 
 ^■'EW AND ijAi,,,; 
 
 The day was • 
 
 • ;-.-/b, L „■ : ,.r:"?^/"^ - ^^ Xe ^r '"""'' 
 
 the tian pi;ff-o ^^ '^o^s from f f « ., ' ^^** '"asses 
 
 ""Other fr„,n\„ .""'''• <=""ected " i„ ;„' '.'":""'' »■"' f™™ 
 
 "Ot a B..iti,h specie, 'ittlt""',"""' <"^- R'-akI^ ''jf .'^ 
 1731, and has been ln„ ""''oiluced into En.Wi.l, \ ' 
 
 '^"tith.,,.e,„ainoTfor# ^S"''" ''" ^""^'etions o^A I ° ^ '" 
 ' P-b'ie Ga..de„,. ^^ :„'^;- ^''^' «"-.i„tenl„t 5 e^n' r/' ^ 
 
 . . ^««^^^ Rhodiola was «le f 
 
 1 le Kev. Air. J. Frasfp P., ^ ^' THo.Arso.v and Pi v 
 
 '^"^''•^^^'» cultivated 
 
-.W AND UAUE PLANTS — LAVVSON. 
 
 70 
 
 Mg Gve/jj^, grounds nearer tlian Yannoutli.in the south-western extremity of 
 
 I" 4'aj(/en,stlie Province, and, r>, an introdi.^ed plant i;> rare in Nova iJcotia. 
 
 ^'vv of fc/jj. Its occurrence at Bloniidon, under circunistaiices wliich indicate 
 ^lew of it to be indi;^onous, is of special interest to botanists. I have 
 
 ^^^y ji'clj appended a few notas on this plant. Cditi/r' i>ii'>' •'otandlfolia, 
 the blue bell of Scotland, is also quite iudi;.(enous hei-e, althou<.^h 
 it grows as an introduced plant only near Twelve-mile House, 
 Halifax county. 
 
 The bank of debris that slopes from the top cliffs of Blomi- 
 <ion to the shore, is coveied in most places with a growth of 
 bircli and other common, chiefly hardwood, trees, beneath which, 
 and especially near the top, in shelter of the cliff and huge 
 masses of lock, there are scattered about magnificent clumps of 
 ferns. Sfritf/no/tterisf/ennanica, the ostrich plume fern, grows 
 in great luxuriance ; also Poh/sfichuh) an<fid((.)r vai'. Braunii, 
 together with tho more common Jjady fern, At/ii/ri am Jilix 
 fi'ialud, and the Lustrca dilata, in many puzzling forms, one of 
 which, \'Av.,BloriiidonensiH, with remarkably broad deltoid frontjs 
 of great size, is stri!:ingly different from all other forms of this 
 species. 
 
 Botryclihfin V'l i-(ji aiciuii was also found, not plentiful by any 
 means, but some of the specimens were very fine. Pol i/jxjd linn 
 ridgdve hung in great green mantles over tlie bare rocks, and in 
 stony places tufts of Last red iiutiyiyialis were everywhere to be 
 seciu. 
 
 Ci/sfoj)tprls fnu/d/s was found in many places on the lower 
 pait of the sloping bank where the rock appeared at the shore, 
 but the specimens were larger and finer in the crevices of the 
 upper cliti". The prevailing form was that described as variety 
 McKiUjil, which difl'ers greatly, in its distant, not approximate, 
 pinn;«, and other characters, frotn all ordinal y European forms, 
 but is probably the most common form of the species in America. 
 It is in fact so common here that American botanists not unna- 
 turally look upon it as the normal state. WondHia Ili^ensi.s -wsm 
 also found extending up the face of the cliff. Poli/podiarn 
 Drt/optfi'is ami othei- more common ferns need not be specially 
 noticed. —..--„, 
 
 ^^rs ago 
 l^'^ found 
 'uasses 
 ^aces of 
 ^^n to 
 e from 
 
 and a 
 
 It i,s 
 ^n.s in 
 ^ant.s . 
 a/ifax 
 
 He 
 
 nd it 
 
 'VVer- 
 
 ally 
 !nct 
 
 at 
 
 Y~ ft 
 
 ht 
 
 vv 
 
 t 
 
71 
 
 NEW AND HARK I'LANTS — LAWSON. 
 
 Rotiirnini,^ to Cannini; in tlio ovoninj,', wo started noxt niorn- 
 infr, and botanized tlu; j,'oi'^'(^ tlirou^di wliicli Dr. H.\MfLTON's road 
 winds up to tlu' suniinit of tlio Nortli Monntfiin. Ifcre also there 
 was a iiiaL,niiHcont <,novvtli of ferns aloni,' tlie l)anl>:s of the rill, 
 coM»i>osed principally of Lust red mdi'f/iiialis, L. liilntata (splrin- 
 loH(t), Pi)l>jsflchumaci'<)sflchoi(lfs, P. linninii, Sfruthiopfcrit^ (jfir- 
 iiKtnica, not very pletitiful, Poffjpodluni Phi'ijoptcrU and Drii- 
 optc.riM, with fine patches of var. erpdain of the latter, Afhip'inm 
 Filix femimi, Polijpodiain rnhpd'c, Szc. Here, with var. McKaijll 
 of CijHfopfcri- frdf/l/ls, we found a single tuft of a form with hroad 
 leafy appioxiinate |)innjo like the oi'dinary European state of the 
 plant. It was at this place that Mr. Jack found, st^nie years ago, 
 a tuft of Woodi^ld ohtatid., a sjiecies whicli, althougli not so wry 
 rare in the United States, was not previously ascertained to be 
 Canadian. It has indeed been regarded as a (Jana<lian fein, but 
 in my Synopsis, published some time ago, it was pointed out that 
 there was then no evidence. 
 
 On the following dav W(^ visited the " Look Out," a favourite 
 place of resort for visitors, from wliich there is a n)agniHcent 
 view of the Coi'nwallis Valley. H(>re we obtained a supply of 
 Woodskt Ilven^ls and also a very few specimens of Asplen'ntm 
 Trlchomanes, which was very scarce, l)ut was subsecpjentl}' found 
 on a cliff in a <jfor2fe to the westward of Canniuir, bv Colonel 
 CoLLiNGWOOD. Near the same place Master Collingwood found 
 Veronica Americana. It is necessaiy to mention, in the interest 
 of visitors to the Look Out, that th(!re is, along the base of tlu; 
 cliff and amongst the stony debris, a great profusion of the Poison 
 Ivy {Rhus Toxicodeiulron), which causes, on many persons, by 
 simple contact, a disagreeable and even dangerous eruption on 
 the skin. 
 
 It is remarkable that, with exception of a i\;w local species^ 
 nearly all the ferns of Nova Scotia are to be found on the North 
 Mountain. 
 
 Part II. Plants discovered at Woodstock, Xew Brunswick, 
 
 hij Peter Jack, IJsq. 
 
 In September last Mr. Jack visited Woodstock, and there 
 
NKW AND H.\1{K PLANTS — I, AWSON. 
 
 7-2 
 
 ■ 
 
 maih^ some very interestinijf discoveries. His nttcntion was called, 
 in tile jMfieenhouse in the garden of Mrs. (JnAIiLKS (/OXNKLL, to a 
 fern found hy tlie fjardcner in tlie ncijLjhiioiitliood dnrinL,' tlie fall 
 of 18H1, whilst ufatheriiiL,' leaf mould from under the sninv. Mr. 
 Ja(;k, perceivin:^^ thai, the fern was Scolo/wtvl rhim viijg<(ir, an 
 extremely rare species on the American Continent, for which 
 we have only the one Canadian locality at Owen Sound, 
 visited the place, some six miles distant, where the _i;ardener had 
 obtained it, hut no trace of the plant could then he found. The 
 plant in the greenhouse was a seedling, apparently of two or three 
 years growth. The gai'dener (Mr. SUTTOX) .subsequently, how- 
 evei, fsucceeded, by diligent search, in finding two small plants, 
 both of which have been foi war led to Halifax, and ai'e now in 
 Mr. Jack's greeidiouse. They came with the native moss and 
 mould still attacluMl to thcsir roots, and effectually conHrm one of 
 the inost interesting fci ii discoveries made for sonie ye^irs. Since 
 then two more plants of larger size have been received by Mr. 
 Jack, and a fion*! of one of them is now presented to the 
 Institute. Whilst at Woodstock he visited the station for Adi- 
 untiitiL pechitani, a wood six or seven nules distant, and found it 
 to be abundant. But he found at the same place a much greater 
 rarity, viz., Aspldlinn Goldi<mi(ni, not previously known to exist 
 in the Maritime Provinces ; also : 
 
 Viola (\i iiadf7isif<, which had been found foi- the fiist time 
 in New Bi'unswick by Mr. ChaLMEK^s, of the G(.'ologIcai Survey, 
 a few days befoi-e at another place. At Grand Falls Mr. J. 
 found Wood'ilu ghdx'lJa, which, so far as known, had only been 
 ascertained to exist in one other place previously in New Bruns- 
 wick, viz: Tunnel, at Restigouche. Pellmi (jr(fc(lis was found 
 in cleft of rock opposite Woodstock. 
 
 Pdii III. Localifie!-! /<>>• spec leu of Boi njchium. 
 
 I have to add the names of a few very interesting forms of 
 Botrychium found during the past summer at Truemanville, in 
 the County of Cumberland, V)y Chas. H. Tui'EMAN, a science 
 student of Dalhousie College. These are Bofyijchium lanceo- 
 latum, Angstrom, and two forni'^ of B. inatricariwfolium, one 
 
73 
 
 NEW AND HAKK PLANTS— r<AVVS()N. 
 
 of tlioiii oorrespomlin<,' to tho largo state fin^nrod by Prof. Eaton, 
 from Utica, N. Y. S., tlio other to wlmt he calls the commonest 
 form. 
 
 Mr. John Huittkn, of Petitcodiac, N. B,, writes me that he 
 has found li. imdricdvuvfoi i am in New Brunswiek, 
 
 Mr. Jamks V^koom, of St. Stephen, N. B., writes me that 
 both Mr. Bhittkn and Prof. Bailkv collected B. simplex at 
 P(!!titcodiae in hSHl, and that Prof. Baii-EY found it in the 
 Colleire Grove at Fiedericton about ton vears a<;o. I have not 
 seen tho specimens, 
 
 Mr. H. H. Bkll of Halifax, found Ihfi'i/»'hlnm ViiyinU-nm 
 on Partridge Island at Five Islands, in Colchester Cbunty, in Jul}' 
 1881. The Island is one of the five from which the })lace gets its 
 name, is small but high, with ynry steep r-ocky sides, bare in 
 most places: a path at one point leads to th(? top, which is thickly 
 wooded. Tho fern grows on the top ; found three or four speci- 
 mens. 
 
 Part IV. PhinU qroivn hij Mr. Joel: <tt Helhihlll. from seeds 
 collected h// Mr. J/oii'ord Sfo/ces, in Monitoha. 
 
 Mr. Howard Stokes, formerly of Halifax, collected seeds of 
 a numl>er of the Piairie flowers in the Pembina Mountain district 
 in tho summei- of 1880, and sent them to his father, B. Stokes, 
 Esq., formerly Storekeeper of H. M. Dockyard, now in Euiope. 
 The seeds were sown at Bellaliill by Mr. Jack, who also gave 
 portions to tlie Superinterident of the Public Garden. They 
 flowered in the summer of 1882, and proved to be the following- 
 species : — 
 
 1. Anemone c'/lindrico, Gray. The Cylindrical or Long- 
 Fruited Anemone, so named from its achenes being airanged spike- 
 like on a much elongateil receptacle. This plant is fully 
 described in my Monograph of the Ranunculacefe published in a 
 former part of the Transactions of the Institute. 
 
 2. Liofris scarioso, Wild, a i-ather showy plant, and very 
 variable in size and appearance. It extends from New England 
 to Wisconsin and other West(!rn States and southward, as well a^ 
 into the Britisli Territories ; t]»o specimens from the extreme 
 
NEW AND IIAHK PLANTS — LAVVSON. 
 
 74 
 
 wt'sttMM part of Ontario an<l otlicrs coUnctod hy Senator Sciiri/rz 
 in several places in the Noi-tfi-West, .show its extensive ran^^e, 
 
 'I. (hiUUtrdln arififiifd. The Gaillaniias are all southern 
 and western plants, none occiirrini,' east of the Mississippi, fi. 
 jHctd is a favorite in (gardens. This one is quottMl by Touhky 
 and CiHAY from Missouri, Saskatchewan and (>re<,'on. But the 
 form sent hy Mr, Stokks is a larijfe robust lanu^^dnose plant that 
 does not a<free witli any of the forms described in botanical 
 works. Prof. MacoLN, to whom I showed specimens, informs 
 me tiiat this is the form the plant takes when j^mowu on the prairie 
 land after it has been pl()u<>[hed. 
 
 4. He/ lanf/iHs (/!<j<i nfeus var. This is also a form of a very 
 variable species. 
 
 5. Hellopsis Itt'vU, Persoon, a rather diminutive but neat 
 broad-leaved perennial sunflower, the only sunflowei-, in fact, fit 
 for a button hole, if any are. It derives its name from its resem- 
 blance to tlie true sunflower. It j]jro\vs in Ontario as well as on 
 the Western Prairies. 
 
 Physosteij'm V'nujhiicd var. speciom. Gray, False Dragon 
 Head. This is a robust, sliowy {)erennial, 4i feet in I. eight when 
 in flower, with dark green lanceolate strongly serrated leaves, 
 and large spikes of variegated purple flo\vei-s. This plant is 
 different from the ordinary garden form of PhyHosffgia Virginica, 
 being much larger in all its parts, with larger, darke", almost 
 coriaceous leaves, and lung spikes of veiy bright coloured flowers. 
 It is so diflerent that it has been described as a distinct species. 
 It is the Dracocepliahim specloHuni of Sweet's British Flower 
 Garden, t. 93, and IVtf/sosh^f/ld imhrlcata of Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 
 3880. It ditt'ers from the ordin.'iry cultivated foiin of the species 
 by its dense spikes of hoiizontal flowers, the spikes panicled ; 
 the flowers are also of a darker and licher colour. 
 
 Petd sites rulgaris, a large English herb with leaves two feet 
 across, City of St. John, where it was observed in vacant 
 lots in the summer of 1881. It seems to have spread fi'om a 
 garden after the great fire, and is fairly naturalized. Additional 
 particulars respecting this and some other plants will be given in 
 a future papei*. 
 
r.) 
 
 Ito.NK IN llli; IIKAirr oi' MooSK — SOMKHS, 
 
 A iiim»l)t'i' of itjtci'i'stiii'' loc'iilit'n's t'oi- r;ir.' Kerns wore also 
 notit'fil, fi<»m iiifoiiiintion rmriislird liy Mi. N'unoM, incIiiilinHf 
 luiw stiitioiis ill New llniiiswick for A<li<nil n m, Asf)hii niiit 
 tlirl mttei'itiih'H, (Ji/slnith'i'ls hiilhi f'i'rit Womlsld /h.'eiiHis, liitfi'i/- 
 r/i'nini. \'i lyl n leu iil, ',\\\'\ Wdoil nvii'd id \'l r;// ii led. 
 
 Am'. IX. ()\ iiii; P.oNi: in riii: Hi;.\in' of iiii: .Moosi;. By 
 
 .1. SoMKKS, M. 1). 
 
 (UhiuI .luiiuiiry S, 1 88:5). 
 
 Tn most I'uiniiiants, especially tlie larijer kiiuls^ tlinrc is n 
 lioiit l>i)ne at tlie l)as(> of tlie lu'art, oa the septal si(l(» of tl>o 
 oii^in of tlio (iinfo, ami imboddod in tlio tc^ndinous (Mr:,'l(! wln'f^i 
 ^ives uttacliiiienG to tlu; inuseulai" tllires of tlu; ventricle. In 
 the ijfiiaHe this bono was two-thirds of an inch in length. Two 
 such ossitications of the s{;leroiis tissue have hecMi met with. Tn 
 oxen and I'ed «leef, an ossified and unossiHcd piece of fibi'ocaiti- 
 lajjfe is moi'c commonly oliseived. In the horse tln^se bodies at 
 the sei)tal .side of the aortic I'ing, ire rarejy ossified until extreme 
 age. [Owen, Conq). Aiuff. Vol. '>, p. f).io.) 
 
 The iibi'ous sti'ucture (^f the heart consists of the Hrtn rings 
 which surround the auriculo- ventricular and great arterial ori- 
 fices. All of these nbres are more .strongly developed on the left 
 side of the heart. Tlie left auriculo-ventricular ring is firmly 
 blended at the for(>-part of its I'ight mai'gin with the fibrous 
 structure surrounding the aortic (^rirtce, and behind the aortic 
 opening, between it and the two auriculo-ventricular openings 
 there is found a fibro-cartilaginous mass, which is connected 
 with the several fibrous; rings, and to which the muscular sub- 
 stance is also attached. In some larw animals, as in the ox and 
 the elephant, there is a small piece of bone in this situation. 
 (Hhdi'poj tC- QiidhiH Anaf. Am. edition, 18.^9. Vol. /, pp. 
 481-2.) 
 
 The above quotations from Owkv and SFfAnPKV and Quatx 
 refer to an anatomical peculiarity in the heart of ruminants and 
 
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