IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h A Zi % 7a 1.0 I.I 1.25 I4£|2j8 |2.5 lAo mil 2.0 18 1.4 6" V] VQ ^/. }>s>. '^W^i '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation i\ •\j \ c\ ;? WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) JI72-4503 rv ^-\ ». C^ ^^^ ^ '^:^ i/.x CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques Th< to The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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J( Btill|au&tc (CnlliHif Cihvari) JOHN JAMES STEWART COLLECTION — O" ,^~ C 0/ ,^ CAN 2611 cz .G85 "^^vTv^, xi^, ."B «/^' J/ NEGRO COMPETITION, An Objection to Unrestricted Reciprocity. By Watson Griffin. It is a noteworthy fact that at the present time many important industries in the North ei-n States ar^ unable to successfully compete with their newly estab- lished Southern rivals which have the advantage of cheap negro labor. This competition of cheap negro labor is likely to bear harder and harder upon the white workmen of the Northern States, whose wages must be reduced to correspondingly low figures. The I Northern States have m jre to fear from the cheap I negro labor of the soilth than from the so-called pau- i per labor of Europe. Indeed, it was this negro com- I petition which forced the northern capitalists to import f cheap labor from Europe, and the workmen of the north in self-defence secured the passage of an act of m Congress prohibiting the importation of labor by con V.Q V- L' ^'V X tract. Durinu; the civil war and f'oi' some time after- ward veiy high wagiis were paid in the United Slates, but for niMny years the wagL'S of Ameiican workmen have been gradually i"educed, and this ])i'ocess ot re- duction seems likely to continue in all those branches of laboi" in which the negro can be taught to compete with the white man. Whatever cheeks the United States Congress may place upon the impoi-tation of workmen from Europe they cannot stop the r:ipid increase of the negro population, nor prevent the gradual lowering of wages which negro competi- tion is bringing about. Eminent American statisti- cians have estimated that in less than fifty years theie will be over forty million negroes in the United States. Fifty years is a long time, but some of the young Canadians who will cast theii- first votes on the 5th of March will be younger than Sir JohnMacdonaldis to-day, when fifty years have gone, and if they vote for unrestricted reciprocity they may experience the dire effects of negro competition long before they be- come middle aged men. [ do not pretend that the neo-ro is ever likely to come north to take the places of Canadian workmen. The blacks will not come north to the factories, but the factories may go south to the blacks. Those Canadian workmen who are now protesting against the encouragement of pauper im- migration will do well to unitedly oppose unrestrict- c(l reciprocity which will make thorn subject to negro competition. And the men in the workshops are not the only ones who would sutfei- from negro competi- tion under uniestricted reciprocity. Anyone who has havelled through the mining districts of Pennsylva- nia and Nova Scotia must be impressed with the re- mai-kable superioi'ity in the appearance of the people of the Canadian mining districts. There was not always such a difference. The character of Penn- sylvania's mining population has gradually chimged, the places of the old miners being tai<en by rough and ignorant immigrants from the least civil- ized countries of Europe, who can compete more suc- cessfully with the negroes of the south. Not long ago, when some of these foreign miners of Pennsyl- vania, becoming impregnated with Amei-ican ideas, presumed to sti'ike for highei' wages, their places were filled by negroes imported from the south. If unrestricted reciprocity is adopted the farmers will find that the big farms of the south, where negro labor is extensively employed, are as near to the great metropolitan cities of the Union, as are those of Canada, and southern farm produce will compete with Canadian produce, not only in the great cities of the United States, but also in the markets of Canada. While the Canadian farmer is preparing his garden for seeding, early vegetables from the south will be selling at high prices In Canadian markets; the Canadian farmer will soiTOwf'ully watch the fruit slowly ripening in his orchard, while carloads of southern fruit, bound for Canadian cities, will pass swiftly over the railway running through his fai'm. Surely Canadians will not surrender to the United Stntes Congress the right of making Canada's tariff for the sake of meeting such competition at home and in the much talked of market of sixty-six million people. Montreal, Feb. 27, 1891. c^^^y-^ ^aAr/s/a/.