IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) !.0 I.I I 2.8 tii m IM 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 < 6" ► . 7 ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 Q.- CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CiHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes tachniquas et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. B Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture resitaur^e et/ou pelliculde Cover title missSrug/ I.e titre de cou Tture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noiret Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli^ avec d'autres documents D D □ Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ Lareliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors dune restauraticn apparaissent dans le texte. mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ixi film^es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl^mentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire quit lui a etA possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^thode normale de filrnage sont indiquis ci-dessous. r~~j Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurees et/ou pelliculdes Pages discolouiad, stained or foxei Pages ddcolor^es, Tachet^es ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages d^tachees Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary materia Comprend du materiel suppiementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible r I Pages damaged/ j~~] Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~p\ Pages discolouiad, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r/| Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. etc., cnt it6 fiJm^es d nouveau de facon a obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X J 12X 16X 20X 26X 30X 24X 28X 32X e }tai)s s du lodifier r une Image Th« copy filmed h«r« has bMn reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Department of Rare B jolct and Special Collections, McQill University, Montreal. The imager appearing here are the beet quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres* sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copiee are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustmted impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated Impression. The laat recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol «^ (meaning "CCN- T1NUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever appiiee. Maps, platee, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be entirely iiriiciuded in one expoeure are filmed beginning In the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grAce A la gin4rosit* de: Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University, Montreal. Lee images suivantee ont M reproduiten avec le plua grand soin. compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet* de l'exemplaire film4, at en eonformit* avec lee conditions du contrat de flimage. la» exemplairee originaux dont la couverture en papier eet imprim^ sont filmte en commenpant par le premier plat at en terminant soit par la derniire page qui comporte une arr.preinte d'Impreesion ou d'lllustration, soit par le second plat, seion le cas. Toua les autres axempiaires originaux sont filmte an commencant par la premiere page qui comporte une ampreinte d'Impreesion ou d'illustration et on terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboiee suivants apparaitra sur la demiire image de cheque microfiche, selon le caa: le symbols — «»>signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Les cartea. planchea, ttibieaux, etc.. peuvent dtre fiimte A dea taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich«. il est fiimA i partir de i'angle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche i droite. et de haut en baa. en prenant le nombre d'Images n^cessaire. Laa diagrammer suivants iiiustrent la m^thode. rrata o lelure. I a J 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^-^ ) e m 1 r % % ^'•*«*)i, OF THE LATE J PHILIP p. CAEPENTER, B.A. London, Ph.D. Nfw York, F.S.A. Repkinted from the Warrington* Qua/rdian,yL^^'iO\hyl%ll. i WAEBINGTON : PEINTED BY MACKIE AND BREWTNALL. 1877. I f^€MOif^ OF THE LH7i J t ' I iH t m ( r OF THE I-ATE PHTLTP PEARSALL CARPENTER, I3.A. LONDON, Ph.D. NEW YORK, F.S.A. How many there are born in or formerly connected with Warrington, now scattered over the surface of the earth, who will mourn over the sad announcement we were enabled to make in our second edition last Saturday, of Dr. Carpenter's death, which app.. -rs to have taken place in Montreal, Canada, on Thursday last ! Dr. Philip Pearsall Carpenter was the youngest son of the late Dr. Lant Carpenter, uf Exeter and Bristol, and was born in the latter city, November 4th, 1819. He was first intended for an optician, and want to the well-known establishment of Messrs. Carpenter and Westley, Eegent- street, London. But his eye- sight not being equal to the work required to be dene, his desti- nation was changed to the ministry, for which he was specially trained at the Manchester New College, and in due course he took his B.A. degree at the London University. Connected with the Unitarian body by birth and education, it was not until after he left England in 1865, that he formally separated from it, though his religious sympathies were always with a more fervent conception and embodiment of Christianity than found favour with the more pronounced Unitarians ; and he never allowed himself to be called 4 by their name. After he left CollepjG, his first cure of souls was the Presbyterian (Unitarian) congregation of Stand near Manchester, in which placo he lived and laboured for three years. But he only accepted their invitation as a Presby- terian, under which name he conceived he was better able to preach the Gospel of Christ, as a spiritual religion, unfettered by sectarian definitions and articles of faith. On his retirement from Stand, he was first invited to Warrington, on the removal of the Rev. Thomas Hincks to Exetor, as a Unitarian, and in that form declined the invitation ; but when the Chapel Com- mittee invited hita as a Presbyterian, he accepted the call in 1846, and for 16 years up to January 6th, 1862, with an inter- val cf two years, Avhon he visited America, he worked as the pastor of the Cairo-street congregation, as perhaps few minis- ters there, or anywhere else in Warrington, had ever worked before or since. His power and faculty for continued labour was a great gift from God, and something marvellous in itself. He never seemed to rest, or rather, as he used to say, he found rest in continual change of occupation. He united in himself great intellectual power, and culture worthy of the power, with a not less constitutional piety and religious enthusiasm— at once a scholar and a gentleman — and superadded to all this a faculty for business of all kinds, worthy of being named in combination with his intellect and his piety. Not very long after his settlement in Warrington came thv3 memor- able period of the Irish famire, which was accompanied in England with much distress in the manufacturing districts. It was felt in Warrington that the Poor Laws were inade- quate to meet the emergency, and public subscriptions we^e entered into, and a committee appointed to administer relief. One of the plans resolved on was the establishment of indus- trial schools for the employment and support of the able- bodied men and women out of work. In these schools trades were carried on, as shoemaking, tailoring, bag-making, book- binding, and letterpress printing, for the men, and sewing for the women. Amongst the chief agents and directors of the actual work done in these departments were Mr. Carpenter and his sister, now Mrs. Robert Gaskell, of Weymouth. With the return of business prosperity, the schools were of course discontinued ; but Mr. Carpenter removed the printing press and the man he had taught to work it, to a room which he built at his own expense for the purpose, behind the Cairo- atreet Schoolroom, where, under the name of "The Oberlin Press," he continued to print books and tracts, as an adjunct to his ministry at Cairo . .reet Chapel. It is difficult to particularize where everything was done well; but the Sunday school was perhaps Dr. Carpenter's great- est delight and care. It is not too much to say that whilst he was personally connected with it, few Sunday schools equal to it existed in Warrington, and it is doubtful whether anything of the kind superior to it was found in a much wider area. All the riches of tho doctor's well-stored mind were freely spent on the instruction and education of the children and the teachers. Ecligion, science, music, were freely taught, as his hearers and scholars were able to bear and receive; and it was here his breadth and liberality came more fully into play. Never laying much stress on tenets of theology or mere doctrinal preaching, believing that the life and the life only in imitation of Jesus Christ was the Christian religion, ho united men of very diverse religious opinions in a common work. There were associated with him in his leligious work at Cairo-street, Unitarians of variou? schools of thought, Methodists and Swedenborgians ; and >et, though the most perfect liberty of utterance was not only allowed but encouraged, there never was a theological quarrel amongst them. The simple rule laid down was found sufficient to preserve unbroken peace, that in all religious discussions the speakers should affirm and never deny. But beyond this so great was the uniting spn^it of Dr. Carpenter that though tho affairs of the bchool were managed by a general committee of all the teachers, both men and women, numbering between 20 and 30, holding monthly meet- ings for this purpose, it was upon Dr. Carpenter's proposal agi eed, settled, and worked out for many years, that nothing should be resolved upon in the management and direction of the school that had not the unanimous sanction of all, — that one dissentient should control the whole. And. such was tho peace and harmony of the society that this rule was frequently observed and never violated. And perhaps in this connection, for the scholars and teachers helped him in the work, may be mentioned his open air preaching at the Bridge Foot, which he carried on for several years. It was a curious fact, which puzzled him to account for, that working men who were hia regular hearers there could never be induced to enter either Cairo-street Chapel or schoolroom for a religious service. They 6 would stand in the open air, even through a sliojver of rain, to listen, but would not sit in a pevr or enter a room for this pur- pose. Tho "Wariirgton Museum ia greatly indebted to Dp. Car- penter. He was one of the curators for many years, and the conchological department was almost wholly of his creation. He early attached himself to the study of con- chology, and under the guidance of Dr. J. Gray, of the British Musei^m, attained so high a proficiency in that branch of natural history that the reports and monographs which he communicated to the British Association and the Zoological Society rank among tho very beat of their kind. Dr. Carpenter had a very good knowledge of the theory of music, and played well both upon the organ and the piano. He had great faith in music and singing as instruments of culture. And under his care and teaching the singing of the Cairo-street scholars was worthy of the school, and for somo time he gave lessons in singing twice a week to the scholars of tho Newton- street schools, now better known as t \e People's College. The then Principal of that institution, Mr. Brewtnall, was greatly indebted to tLu ab' i, B.lfdnnying, generous, and untiring aid he received from Dr. Carpenter in his earnest attempts to raise the statud ot education in the town; and affectionate memories of the departed are cherished by thousands who in the People's College cara'^ under his instruction and influence. Hi3 faith in teetotalism, and Lis zeal as a teetotaller, placed 'aim in the front ranks of total abstinence ; and he advocated the cause on public platforms by solid argument with an earnestness and force not often surpassed. He was always an earnest speaker, speabiug from the depths of his heart and moral convictions, and so was always impressive, but never sensational. He utterly reprobated the idea of religion being limited to mere personal piety, and the usual employments of good people on Sundays; not that he undervalued any means of grace which Christian men and women found useful in the ordering of their own lives. But he connected with religion as its own proper and direct fruit all scientific knowledge that could be turned to human account. Hence he took a leadirg part in seconding and urging on all sanitary measures affecting the health of districts and families. By his influence and labour he was mainly' instrumentul in forming a Sanitaiy Association - 7 in and for Warrington, which did good woik, but was some years before its time. It served, however, to enlighten the public mind and to prepare for the noble successes that have since bten realized in "Warrington. On the same religious ground and animated by the same motive ho recommended co- operation to the working classes of Warrington ; aud the Warrington Co-operative Society, with all its wonderful suc- cess, is very mainly due to the motion and influences that were sot in operation in the Cai .o-street Sunday School. Another feature of Dr. Carpenter's moral character, and almost peculiar to himself, and to which Warrington is at this moment indebted for the existence of the White Cross Iron Works, was the personal friendship he formed for young men in whom he discerned a deeiro for mental and moral improve- msnt. For many years he had a succession of such living with him, on terms of social equality, in his own house. They worked at their tradea, but lived and boarded with })im, and in this way received influences from him which have borne won- derful fruit in after years. His untiring industry, his prompti- tude, his wonderful and never-failing punctuality, his perfect purity, his high-toned charity, and his warm and earnest heart wonderfully fitted aim to influence and educate young people, as the event has shown. After 13 years of labour as the minister of Cairo-street Chapel, combined with abundant work of all benevolent kinds in the town and neighbourhood, needing rest and change, Dr. Car- penter visited the United States in December, 1858, prolong- ing his stay for two years, chiefly engaged in conchological work in connection with the Smithsonian Institution. In recognition of his valuable labours and gifts, on his leaving, the University of New York conferred on him in 1860 the well- merited distinction of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Carpenter now on his return to England resumed for a time the pastorate of Cairo-street Chapel. He also, in May, 1861, entered into married lif'^, taking as his wife Miss Meyer, a German lady, who still survives him. In 1865 Dr. Carpenter finally left Eng- land and settled at Montireal, where he built himself a house in the higher and most pleasant part of the city, and employed himself in teaching a very select few, half a dozen, of the sons of the principal inhabitants for a single short session daily. He further threw himself with his accustomed ardour into philan- thropic and scientific work in Montreal, just as he had formerly 8 done in Warrinf^ton. Indeed, ihig labour was continued to within a vory fow duya (»? hia death, for a letter, received from him by an old Warrington friend only ton daya ago, stated that ho was unwell and " ofl' work," and the next news was the brief telegram received by Dr. William Carpenter announcing his death, but giving no particulars as to its cause. It is singular as it is sad to learn, as we have since, that this earnest sani- tary reformer was carried off thus prematurely by typhoid fever. So died one whose pre-eminently unselfish life, and ardent labour for the good of liis fellows endeared him to thousands, and whose memory will bo cherished with tender affection for long years to come. The catholicity of his spirit and tho generous freedom with which he gave himself to any and every good work equally amongst his own and amongst others, won for him the affectionate confidence of men differing widely from him in sentiment and opinion. We are very glad to be able to add, from a pen that always commands attention in War- rington, tho following additional obituary. We have seldom read the announcement of more melancholy news than that we have just received of the decease of the Reverend Philip P. Carpenter, who was for many years a most active imd useful inhabitant of Warrington, but who removed thence a fow years since and settled at Montreal, in Canada, whore he died very recently, in tho 58th year of hia oge, a life, long if it bo measured by its usefulness, rather than by tho years it numbered. Mr. Carpenter wag the youngest son of the Reverend Dr. Lant Carpenter, of Bristol, and under 80 learned a father his education, which had not been neglected, was such as to qualify him for any profession. lie came to Warrington as the minister of Cairo-street Chapel, a work which he entered on with a zeal which communicated itself to others, and made him many friends. His Sunday school was thronged with scholars, where, with the aid of his sister, Miss Carpenter, who for a time lived with him, and was a great proficient in music, and possessed a singular power in teaching it, the work was made attractive. Mr. Carpenter was an early pioneer in sanitary matters, and made no secret of his views at a time when they were disregarded if not laughed at ; but, like a true apostle, he persevered through ill report and good report, and the harvest of success has been brought about by tho labours of such unselfish labourers aa w 9 he. Temperate filmost to excess Lim'jelf, he never coaeed to linprees on his fellow townsmen the benefits and blessings of abstinence from intoxicating drinks. To benefit others ho almost denied himself a sufficiency of food ; and it may be asserted with absolute truth that if ho had only a crust ho was ready to divide it with any ono in more need than himself. His charities were self- denying, and he stinted himself in order that he might help others. In the year 18 18 there occurred a cotton famine, which fell like a blight upon the industry of Warrington. The cot- ton mills were all closed, and the workers both male and female, old and young alike, were thrown out of employ. Boys' schools were opened, where the scholars were both fed and taught book learning and industrial trades ; and here Mr. Car- penter's ability as an organiser, administrator, and instructor shone out to the greatest advantage. A very large number of boys were collected, reduced into order, and e"^ ;iently instructed in reading, writing and arithmetic; whilo some of them were taught printing, others bookbind- ing, and many more learnt other industrial callings; and it was very much owing to Mr. Carpenter that the stoppage of the mills was made a blessing to many of the young, who were not only kept out of the mischief, which is the child of idleness, but enabled to discover faculties of which they were ignorant. Singing formed an attractive part of the instruction during school hours, and when the famine ended, after lastirg for sixteen weeks, there were some who regretted that they were no longer in the industrial school. Mr. Carpenter, who had many attainments, was skilled as a conchologiat ; and his proficiency in this science having made him known abroad as well as at home, he was invited by several continental cities to arrange their collections, which he did in such a manner as to give entire satisfac- tion. His fame having reached America, he was invited to Washington, where he also went and arranged the collection of shells belonging to the Smithsonian collection. Whilst he was in Washington he was assisted by a young boy of the orphan house, who showed so amiable and teachable a disposition that Mr. Carpenter proposed to the governors of the house to adopt the boy as his son. The governors very naturally asked for some assurance that they might safely entrust the boy to one who was a comparative stranger ; and 10 Mr. Carpenter, who had the amiable simplicity of the Vicar of Wakefield, at once wrote to a friend vvho was no more known to the governors than himself to certify that he was trustworthy. The friend had no difficulty in sa^'ng that the boy would be happy in being adopted by such a parent ; and the governors, who perhaps in the meantime had learned to know Mr. Carpenter, readily acceded to his request ; and the event proved as happy for all parties as could Imve been desired' The boy, who grew up under Mr. Car- penter's care and teaching, is now a thriving farmer in the States, entertaining a grateful recollection of his benefactor. Mr. Carpenter rfeturned from Washington with the diploma of doctor, which no man ever better deserved. After his return from Washington he married Mies Meyer, a German lady, who survives to lament his loss. L'r. Carpenter endea> cured to instil into the minds of the young a love of natural history by giving them gratuitous lectures, illus- trated by diagrams drawn by himself, and he thought no pains too great if he could only do good. In 1865, in consequence of some pecaniary reverses. Dr. Carpenter removed to Canada, where he continued the same philanthropic labours that he had begun here. It will bo long before the void occasioned by the death of this f^ood man is filled up. Fo- him it may be said in the words ot one of the hymns printed by his scholars during the cotton famine of lSi7 : — Thon, spirit-., luiste ; thy work is done, Pnst is the goal, the race is run. paiNTRD BY MESSRS. MACKIE AND 13RKWTNALL, WABBINGTON.