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FIRST READER PAET I. ■}LcJj analyze its form and to under- stand the plan of itH conatructiun. lie should proceed somewhat as follows :— Fir»i, as to ForM.-'Vomtvug to the copy ho should require the pupils to name the figure upon which the demgn la based ; to nhow the pints where the lines of this tigure are divided : to show what . oastruction lines arc drawn from these points ; to show what other constnv nn lines are drawn, S the points whire the^e are divided ; and so on Th. n he should require them to point out and name the differer.t, forms of whicli the design is com- Bosed • to show how the different lines of these forms are drawn ; to point oft the forma that are repeate 1, and to state how often ♦hey tie repeated • and so on. Second, an to Construction. -B&y'mg drawn upon the blackboard the figure upon which the design is based, he should lenuire the pupils to show how its lines are to be divideo for drawing construction lines ; to show from what other points construction lines are to be draiyn ; m what direction the construction lines should be drawn: what other divisions should be made; wha<- points should be taken as guide dots, and.so on. Then ho should re- quire the pupils to show how one of the lines of the des-gn should be drawn ; and when it has been drawn to show how and where the sunilar linos of the design are to be drawn ; and so on until all the lines of the design have been placed. Finally he should reqmre them to state what parts of the drawing should be erased so that the resulting orawmg may correspond with the given design. The design should again be drawn on the board, either by the teacher or a pupil, or by tho teacher and a pupil together, the ditterent steps being, as mScK as possible, suggested by t"he cl^s i^astly, it ahould be drawn by the whole class on slate or paper, to tho dictation . .f the teacher, or copied from the blackboard ; the teacher aidiqg individual pupUa when necessary. Tlie teacher should occasionally require the pupils to reproduce the designs from memory, and to modify them by the addition or omi&sion of details ; also to form, within some simple enclosing figure, original designs, from given elements, or otherwise. The pupUs should be required to sit upright ; to face the desk ; to keep their slates or papers on the desks in one position, th a edges parallel with he edges of t::o desks ; to use long pencils, and to hold them lightly and ^o U;at the fingers will »ot obstrn' t the view of the line to be drawn. ' % PKEKACE. m ^ 1. Thn plan of this lioadiiiST Book in ttimplo. It in intended that all the wonlw in tliH llist fivo Insioni hIiuU bo Icurntid liy Hight alono. Thcso 1«'k ions aro based on tlu» Hhoit Houndw of tho vowelH. Th« words uwd in thoni urn of two kinds,- -thoso which ropn^sent tho nanws of objocts and thoso which do not. The foruu-i are to bo loarnod by asmwiiitinjj thorn with tho pictu. -s of the objects to which they are attaclnid ; tho latter by using them in sl-.ort" [(hrases and Rfntences, referring to the pictures. Loss.);; VI. is a combi- nation of word and iiicture and forms a review of tho previous lessons. 2. With Lesson VII. commences phonic dr ill. Tho picture of an objt>ct and its word-Hi},^n aro presented to the j.idIIs, who shoidd be ta.u'rht to asso- ciate tho word-sign with tho sound w'ulIi tliey iitt»)r ikh tho name of the object represented by the picture. They should also be taught to analyze the Hound of this word-sign to the extent of eeparuting tho sound of tho initial letter from that of the following digram. For examjne, the sound met should be separated into " • - at. The teacher should assist the pupils m doing this, exaggerating. : '. -ii t the sound of the initial consonant, but finally obtaining from them the utterance of its exact power. Ir< this way, all tho consonants which form t))o subject of this lesson should be taktiu up. To cmphasiice their force, tho teacher shovdd print other digrams than at on the blackboard, and aid the pupils in obtaining new sounds by com- bining with the sounds of these digj'ams the sou-hIs of the four consonants they are r\o\age Ix) taught. 3. From Lesson VII. onward, all new words, not included in the phonic lists, ai-e registered at the margin of the lesson to which they belong. These words should be used, after the lepson has been read, to secure, by means of drill, rapid word recognition, and distinct enunciation. They shordd also be frequently used in review with the same jjurpose. During the first reading of the book they should not be used for exercise's in spelling. 4. In Lesson VIII. the same consonants .are used as in Lesson VII., but with a new digi-am, and other consonants ai-e introduced. CLessona IX. and X. are t'milar in design to Lesson VIII. The pictures at the head of these and other lessons throughout the book are intended to assist the pupils in clearly apprehending the thoughts which the sentences of the lessoii express. Suitable questions given by tlu eacber wi'l gitatly c(,ntribute to this end. 5. Lesson XI. is the outline of a phonic drdl. It can bo but imperfectly represented in print. By the aid of the blackboard, the teacher should 8e« (7) i I PREFACE. ( that tho i.upil3 know the i.owms of the letters employed in forming the words used in tho lesH.>u, and before leaving it, their names also. Lesson XII consists of words arranged in groups of similar formation, l^ach group slKUildbodealt with as exemplified in Lesson XL Great patience should be ex-ncised by the teacher at this stage of the pupils' progress, m order to ensure their ripid i>rogress in subseciuent lessons. ■ 6 Lessons XIII. to XVI. inclusive, continue the drill upon the con- sonants as initials, combined with a few digrams of easy utterance. It is intended that each phonic list should V^ dealt with in the same thorough way as illustrated in Lesson XL When these lessons have been mastered the pupils will have acquired the names of all the letters except q, x, y z. 7 Lessons XVII. to XXV. inclusive, take up consonants as finals, the lessons being formed so as to include combinations of consonants as finals, with digrams having vowel endings. , , , 8. Lesson XXIV. is exceptional, the letter x being a double consonant. 9" Lesson XXV. is also exceptional, but in a different way. The letter r modifies the sounds of the vowels a, e, i, and o, when following them; but m the modified sound is little likely to be tnispronounced, it has not been thought necessary to give the lesson a diffei-ent position in the order of 10.' Lessons XXVI. and XXVIL exemplify the use of double consonants representing simple consonant sounds, as II, ss, and /; Lesson XXVIIL exemplifies the use of two consonants, representing one consonant sound; and Lessons XXIX. to XXXII. inclusive, exemplify the use of two con- sonants to represent simple consonant sounds fur which our alphabet has no single phonetic character, viz.: sh, ch, th, initial and final, wh initial, and ng final. 11. Lesson XXXIII. completes the alphabet. 12. It will be seen tliat, for the most part, throughout the book, the only words admitted are those whose sounds comprise three phonic elements. The only exceptions, other than those included in the next paragraph, are a few monosyllables in x, which are written, however, with three characters cj/., fox; a few words ending in s, whose uninflected forms have' but three phonic elements, c.r/. , /h«s from hit, Sam's from Sam, and pigs from pi'l ; also a few si^'ht words, such as hard. 13. It will be seen also that, throughout the book, words of only on© syllable have been introduced, except a few, such as into and cannot, with the component syllables of which, the pupils have become familiar. Again only words containing not more than four letters aroused, ex- cept in thJ last lessons, where uninflected words of four letters, but of only three phobic elements, are required to be used with s; e.g., in such words as thips from chip. ' (8) ■ I I FIRST REA.I)FR. ' PART I. LESSON I. (a). a ai ^d a cat a rat a hat a cat and a rat a rat and a hat a cat and a rat and a hat II ft LESSON II. (e). men the / the hen the men the pen the lien and the pen the pen and the men the hen and the pen and the men 1 1 M i bESSON ni (f). a pin the pin New words. Is it .is Is it a pin? It is a pin. a gig the NewvxmU. It in Ug Is it the gig? It is the gig. a pig the pii a big pig the big pig Is it a pig? It is a pig in a pen. pm &S pig -:& / LE5S0N IV. (O). Nzw words. an on red not ^ an ox Is it not arx ox ? It is an ox./ ox a fox tlie fox Is it a fox? It is a red fox '/ fox a box the box Is the fox on the box? It is not on the box. box LESSON V. (U). a cup my cup New uDords. I by my see I see a cup. I see my big cup. a mug my mug Is it my mug? It is my big mug. I see it by my cup. a bud a bug tlifi bud and the bug V I see a bug on the bud. cup mug N bud II • 1:3 H -• il tfissoN n Rkapinq Review. ttoorda. otjtj uji. lilt? uox tiiO cup and the bud, the mug and the bug i . \ > ^x. IUS8S0M ^U 'J , A^^:f. 2H-. mat run can The That A, at M m, mat rat vat fat mat rat vat fot A mat and a vai. A big lat, aSa a fat cat That is my haf by the C5ai The cat is on the mat. .The rat is by the vai The cat can nee the rat, and can ran at it: ^ fhenameaofHUtaterttohetmt^. R r, Y V, F f. rr^fSsLM /.^' mesojs vmi w m C^ b, p^ IX fi; m, r, ▼, ( in roview. ]%e Kwnda cf thtm eonaoMmta cu mUiaUy to he tangM fot^ ^ digrama an otui at. New words, his pet too she has Eis you Yes may May This UOtllKX man's man man ran ran can can cat cat hat hat pat pat V an van fan fan pan pan bat bat sat sat fat fat This is a fat mo^n and his cat. His fan is in his hand, and his hat is on the JJULcoiJc She is on the mat too. / I e I- LESSON Vm.^am«m«A van, man Can the cat see the man and his fan? Yes, she can see the man and the fan in hi^ haod. ^ May I pat the cat? Yes, you may; she is aipet. I see a man by a van. The man has a hat on. Is the van the man's van? Yes, it is his van. Can you see ^f pan apd a ihat in it ? Yes, I can, and the hat 13 a ' big hat. r I see a\ man and a b^.t, and the bat is in the man's hand. This man has a hat on too. ' man, bat pan, hat The names of the letters to he. ta^ight. c c, H h, p p, :p b, s s. 10 LESSON U. W' ill n, 1, g; h, p, B, in review, Th$ sowfidt of,ihe»z contonanU as miUaUt to be ta/aght ifiUh tht digrams et and ot. Newioords, to we oflF No rod but See this Do, do A liet and a pot. This is a net. That is a pat. This is a net to B^K That is a pot to get hot. ; net • P< )t let let not lot not lot get pet set get pet set pot het got pot hot ^ LESSON TSL—chruinmed. U See this man ! He has a rod in his hand. Yes, he fias a rod and a net. Can he set the net? Yes, he can set it. Do you see the fat pig in the lot? Yes, but it is not my pig- See the pot! Can the man get it off? No, it is too hot. Can the pig get at the pot? No, the pig is in the lot and can not get at it, but the pig can see the pot and the man too. Is it a pet pig? No, we 4A not pet a pig. The names of ihe Utters to be ta/ught, or reviewed. I LESSON X. d, t, k, W; h, m, 1, g, in review. The aoundfl of these cmuKmants, as initiala, to he taught with the digrama og, op, id, ig. that Dash O, no wig gig wig gig mop See him This is nj dog, Dash, run! Run, Dash, run ! I see a man and a log. Can the man cue lue Jug s x co, ^^ v cut it. I see a mop and a top. \ \ LESSON X.—Omtinued, U in le in Wig I see a hog in a pen. It Is a fat hog. My pet hen 'is on the pen. Can tlie hog see her? No, she is on the pen gig and the nog is in the pen. Can the hog Tv^ ? No, he is so fat that he can not run. Let me hit the fat hog. O, no ; do not hit him. I see a kid. I see a box, too; and the box ha^a lid. I see a gig and a wig. A uiari has the wig on. The names of the letters to he tminht, or reviewed Dd, Tt,. Kk, Ww, Mm. f if LESSON XI '■I '.if i Naming Word. at mat rat vat fat Owing Soumds.'* at mat rat vat fat Sound Analysis. Sepa/rating Sounds.^ at mat r at vat fat Sound Synthesis. Giving Sounds.^ at m at rat vat fat Review drill in naming letters. ., t, m, r, v, f. Separating Sownd*.* Sit mat ' rat vat fat Naming Words. at mat rat vat fat r Sight Spelling. Naming Word*, Naming Letters. Naming Letters, Naming Words. at mat rat vat fat at mat rat vat fat at mat rat vat fat at mat rat vat fat aud of the following digram. 2. Teach the pupils to give separately the sound of each letter. (323 ^ )p ^ ^^w i fj<*Wl < i WaWw^!U^^^.^ti^^>^1N^^a^ w LESSON XIL fhe^foUottnngfwords^t whichy\ wiihfJivefexceptionsXwetti 6id}i hoft bup,\ pap,, have \been given \in previous lessons^ are to be used in drUling the pupUs by means of the blackboard, in smmd analysis, somid synthesis, the naming of letters, and sight spellir^, as exempli- fied in Lesson XI. * can men set get fan hen let pet van pen net wet kid gig dog ox^ M big log box • did pig hog fox top got mug cup mop lot bug ,, sup liop not bud pup sat cat hat pat The na'^nes of the letters in review. A a, E e, I i, Q o, U ii. 1. Teach the sound and the name of the letter x. These have not been previously taught. (38) If '( ■' •1 Hi LESSON XIII. Initial c Ji: "^ LESSON niI,-OorUir^^ a big bag of nuts on the nag. He got them from the old man. H is fun for a' boy to get nuts so. In the hut is a rag mat, but the boy will not let the dog run in-to the hut to sit on the mat. (25) ill HI- LESSON XIV« InUial consonants ioith the digrams Ug, ed, ap, Up. New words.^ be up kiU Pan bad had your with jug bug mug Ned rap bed nap red cup fed P^P Fan, a cat is in your bed ! A cat in my bed 1 > Yes, she has had a nap in it. Get up, fat cat ! Get up ! See, Ned, she will not get up for. me. Can you get her up? Yes, I can get her up. 'Get up, old cat, or I will hit you! See, J^an, she is up, ana Has ruii m^ iQ the mat. ^^ ^. ■/ UBBSON XrV.-ConUm.i. / iil • f Ml IJ£SON XV.—OxukmA I V ''; u ^i The man will put his hod on the log, and will go to see Sam's fi^h. That is a ram by Ned. He sees the bun and the ham in Ned's box, but can not get at them, for the lad Ned has a gad and will not let him. r LESSON XVt Iniiial eonaonanU with the digroma ap, ip, up, ub. New words. if of us tips tree dips cats Ann then dogs Well some come sap sip sup lap lip cup tap dip tub Come, Ann, let ^us go to see the man tap the tree. We can see the sap run. The man will get it and put it in-to a tub. We can dip some .(pf the sap out of the tub with your cup and sip it. Do not let your dog g^t at the sap, for if you do, he will sup it. vy, JlTXcij, ct u-ug *Jii auu. nis dogs. But I can sit iu my box, so IBSSON XXIY.-— ^>»iiMMi 1 f that they car not sev> me, but yet i can see them. It will vex the man if the dogs do not get me ; but, if I am hid in my box, they can not. It is well for me that they can not see me, for they are bad dogs, and they run well. It is fun to vex the man with the gun and dogs, but what a fix the ox will be in, when they come up ! The fumes of the letters to he tcrngMf or reviewed. X X, Y y, J j, F f, R r. / LESSON XXV. I r /naZ, preceded by digrams in a, e, i, O, tk W New words. bam Tour glad must hart goes \/ i^-^'fiUMWBmm.,..^. W^-' '^ iMM lis- „„ , , ._ ^£J» «.J i l^^^^rFT'-Y % :»ei . 1 i if i ..;:sH «NmKf^ - ._ .^ ■fc ♦ • V^^^ I ll III . • if LESSON XXVI. U Jin(df preceded hy digrams tn e, i, o, tL tell beU deU peU aell New words. ask 'eat foot hear back bank down NeU sell fin biU Mil riU tiU kiU will mill Pen doU lun cull duU Nell, I will tell jou what we can d^J in the lull of this hot day. Let us run down the hill to the mill and play. May I have my doll? 0, yes, get your new wax doU. It wiU be dull if we do not have a doll to play vrith,. m his wn ay. rax do th. f > ■ It ■I I I Then we can ask the man at the mill to let us go up to the top and see the beU, can we notl^ 0, yes, and we can go into the dell near the miL, and play tiU we hear the mill beU ring for tea at six. And we can sit on the bank of the rill and see it run pell-mell in-to the mill. Yes, and then, Nell, we can cull some nuts from the tree near the bank, and when we come back we can give the nuts to PoU. He is so fond of them, he will be glad to get them, ffs will put them in his biU with his foot. It will be fun to see him eat them so. .«^tm-^T #x^ I v^t C^^^ » ^1^ -^x «sei , ^^x LESSON XXVll ■ «f dS awd ti^ iwecedcd by digrams m a, e, 1, O, tl« pass mass Kewtoorda. say one two puU rose does boat meet 1. Do you see that girl with the rose bud in her hand? She runs out to meet Miss Ross and give it to her. It is the bud of a red moss rose, and Miss Ross will kiss her for it, and will say to her: "What a dear pet you are!" Miss Ross lets Bess NoTX.— Orthoeputs differ as to the sound of a followed by m, i> ; ^ t LESSOK XSLVn^ContkiMd. 1>! , ■■*i m * ; it flew words. just look such slow much make mean have her muff, and asks her to pin on her cuff that had come ' And Bess will do it. "Wnat a dear girl Bess is! She does not let a day- pass, but she does good to some one. 2. Here are two boys in a boat. Let us hear what they say : " I have a fish, Tom, and a big one, too ! Doff your hat and get your gaff. Now, out with him ! Do not be so slow." "Well, Ned, do not make sucn a fuss. One bass the less is not much of a loss. We have a good mess now." " Now we have him, Tom ! But he does not look so big as he did just now. I wiU toss him back if you say so. But do not get in a tiff with me, I did not mean to vex you." (M) ^'1 * "I 4 't tESSON XXVItl. ^^> preceded by dnjrams in a, e, i, o, n Jack deck Jick Dick rack beck sick rock pack neck kick luck hack peck pick duck Dick is the son of a poor hack -man. One day he got a kick on the leg from the old nag that goes with the hack. The nag did not mean to kick Dick, but yet she ktrrt his leg, and he got sick, and so has not been out for a lone- timft Pn^v New words son saw long time pool yard used been Once I sick Dick! He does not ^ it» 1 [ \ V (64) I ^ ^^ ^^r 1 LESSON XXYllL^Continueu. Nevj words. sUk lost half oats wish noon more name made have much fun. He has a pet duck, but when he has fed it, it goes off to its pool in the yard. Once he had a dog, Jack, that was fond of him, and that used to lick his hand, when Dick went to pet him. But, one day when a pack of dogs went by, Jack ran off with them, and Dick saw him no more. Once, too, Dick had a cat. Her name was Puss. He used to deck her neck with bits of silk. But Puss went off in the hack one day and got lost. Dick has had poor luck with his pets. Now and then Dick sits on a rock that is in the yard, and looks at the 'old nag, as she eats her half-peck of oats, at noon, or pats her neck, as she .1; |-l/kl» I^O T\ir»l7'C( 1-1/ kl» I^OTr TVOTV1 +lifk vQr»lr 'C\f\V boy ! Do yoa not wish he were well? (55) ir /< \ .''A MISSON XilX sh ad sh in sham shed Sh em ship shod shot shop shut shmi New words. toy buy Roy whip Roy and Fan are in a shop. Fan will buy some silk for a sash, and Roy will buy a toy ship and a new _ lash for his wMp. See! he has the cash m his hand for them. Here is a dish with some fish in it. They are shad. They are good to eat. Do you not wish you had some? This man is in a sued. He has hurt his I— I /~\ irrz-v-B-k 4- ^ TVCJllt vy with a rush to m) >' I f \ LESSON XXIX Ckw' m f I f \ ^asb lash hash wish dash rash fish rush gash sash dish mush shut the door, and fell down. Ho is too rash. Not long a-go he cut a gash in his foot with an ax. Here are two boys, Fred and Ben. They are at a meal. Fred has hash, but Ben has mush. They seem to eat too fast. It is not well to eat one's food fast. This colt is to be shod at this shop. If he wish to dash a-way, he can not. He is made fast to the post that you see. N&w words. fly fast food post door one's Fred meal seem down liEssoN Xi:A .if ■j i :! ch mi«i«; anrf Jirudj with digrams m a, i, o, U, chap chat chin chit chid chip chop chub chum rich such much New words. Mr. left talk rest care look bum done TtTOkY*£\ wood C#m^, Fred, let us have a chat with this old man. Good day, Mr. Richj we are glad to see you look so well. How hard you work, sir ! Yes, my boys, I have to work hard. I have to chop all day long, but I have />! ^ -jr-y yet. vt\^iiV/ ixiti^U. tU^Uiiy ci© m> V ¥1 ♦ » T k LESSON XXH.—Otmtmuedi. ^ ^^ ^ m 1 You have made a lot of chips here, Mr. Eich. What are they good for? I bum them, but the wood that I cut, I sell. Do you not get a rest from your hard work, now and then, Mr. Rich? O yes, I fish when fish are to be had, but one cant/ get no sort of fish but chub just now. Such fish I do not care much for. v^ no, nor do we. But have you no one to work with you, Mr. Rich? Will iChap-man has been with me all a-long^but he left me to- day. I chid him for his bad work. He got to be too slow. He said he did not wish me to talk to him>, as if he were but a chit, when we had been chums so long, and then he went off. But I can get arlong with-out him. So you can, Mr. Rich. Good-day, Good-day, boys. (e») O'/V ;? ,'"' LESSON XXXI I! !l B ^ 1BA ^5»rtvif atK< >«^ . ^h i^^;^ ,^^^ ^^^^^^ »-'* a, e, 1, o, u. thin thud hath Seth Heth pith lath path bath moth than then this when whip that them with whet whit line fine last beet trim pond week owns What is that you said. Seth? — I said, «I wish I had a kth." What do you wish to do with a lath, Seth ? If it be not too thin, I can trim it down and make , a good rod of it. Then we can go to the pond and fish. Well, I can o-pf. vr^n o ^ — j one I put one a-way last week m\ >'l'|i| near to-day. It may be we can get if we go that way Yes, and I will tell you what we can care m / LEJ ng f/nedy preee 5S0N XJU ai « tn a, i, O, XL ffed by digram , New words. quit ^ang rang sing rang loud ha ng sang long sung word gang ring dong hung Hark pang ding song bung 'i n SONG OP THE BELL. jHark to the song, The song of the bell ! |It sings as it rings, But who can tell, jWith its ding, dong, ding, JAnd its dong, ding, dong, Why does it sing, lOr vL-t is its song? 'ii.xo is the song. The song tn^^t is sung, v f" This is the >ford ^'^ From the loud bell rung : i^i "Play is done. Work is begun, Boys and girls must now quit fun," '""^V ^"j g* i ' 5 ' ij;j.. ' ij;'.jje;.t; ' ja Bag:Ri' -'.-^^f J LESSON XXXIT.— ^^ unue^l Hark to the sons; til IV \J\J I'l^ ovfix^, The song oi the bell It .Ings as it ri But who call ■r> 'V> tell, IWith its ding, u. ig, ding, jAnd its ^long, ding, dony, Why uoes it sing. Or what is its song? This is its song, The rtong that it sings, Th): is the word The bell 7iow rings: "'Tis the end of the day 'Tis time for play, - Now, boys and girls, ]>nt work away." LESSON XX.\U' q and Z. ^ The word quit has a q, and tlie word buzz has two z's. We can now say the A, B, C, from A to Z. The immes of tht letters to he ta%<)ht. 7 r. ^. \ c ^ n l