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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. y errata id to nt le pelure, con d n 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 <( AN i •— ^ GE( IN BELL, BARK "AN ACCOUNT OF MY STEWARDSHli>, >> AN ADDRESS, DELIVERED BY GEO. LEWIS ELLIOT, IN THE PRESENCE OK HIS DENTAL FRIENDS AND OTHERS, AT HIS OFFICE, TORONTO, ON THE EVENING OF THE 11 m 23rd MAY, 1870. ■ ^ ,- ¥ TORONTO: BELL, BARKER & CO., CITY STEAM PR£SS, Nos. 94 & 96 YONGE STREET, TORONTO. > T 1870. , , ( . ( which I w me to tal summary c also to gi stewardshi And it you this e^ The ve member o; gratifying ing on me, an era in new and r gress whic lodged pre Pardon mation of tions put i more triui finally cro And CO formed an of Ontari results. Acconi ion, and i amount of gether of : ally comp( This, g( This I i before I last twclv associatioi and notwi sound rea factory an ^> h -»-«PW» said of these silence. t to ourselves. their frightful and, gnashing [h to scorn our /e semi-annual af dentists, (in y but will bear s game. But, as a general thing, the Board secured the thirty dollars; and the professional delinquent went on his way rejoicing. Now this state of things greatly puzzled me. For I really could not see that we were at all raising the standard of dental education, or dental excellence, in going through this ridiculous farce every six months. Here were a large number of dentists who were ignorant of their calling, to a certain extent, and who, previous to the examination, honestly acknowledged that they were incapable of practising with that degree of success which they had anticipated. These dentists, I say, went forth, armed and equipped with this insignia of renown (the L.D.S.) emblazoned on their crests ; backed up by twelve picked men as a reserve, to engage again in the practic: of an art they knew as little of, the day after the examination, as hey did the day before. These proceedings caused a good deal of comment, for they were unsatistactorj' to the members of the Board, and they were particu- larly unsatisfactory to those dentists who came up for examination. For they, in the course of their examination, superficial as it was, could clearly perceive that they were not thoroughly prepared to prac.ice, either in a theoretical or practical point of view. The opening of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons was, there- fore, frequently spoken of and discussed. But there was a manifest feeling of jealousy existing amoig the members, lest one would take a position which the other should ; and as they could not all be professors and all deans, the matter was never allowed to come to any decided conclusion. I, however, discovered that there were two members who were determined to open a dental school, irrespective of the Board, and I accordingly wrote to Dr. Day, the president, that such was the case, and begged of him to call a meeting and take steps at once towards opening the Royal College. The two Ljenticmen just referred to, were Dr. J. S. Scott and J. O'DoncU. Notwithstanding the bitter feeling and opposition as exhibited by the latter [.gentleman towards myself, and particularly in reference to the Canada College of Dentistry, over which I had the honor to preside ; notwithstanding all this, I say, he was the first person who suggested to me the propriety of opening an institution " independent of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons," and as he subsequently voted against oj^ning this latter institution, as I shall presently relate to you, it was satisfactory proof to me, at least, tha*" he was at heart in favor of an independent school, if any at all, to be sus- tained by parties not particularly connected with the Board. And I am certain, as also Dr. Scott assured me, that if Mr. O'Donell had been offered a professorship in the school which Dr. Scott and myself established, viz. : the Canada College of Dentistry, he would gladly have accepted it, and there would have been no opposition whatever from any quarter. But to return, Dr. Day responded to my request, and called a meeting of the Board, and the committee chosen to consider the I i I I »■. 6 matter of opening the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, were Day, Chittenden, O'Donell, Scott, and Elliot. Messrs. Day, O'Donell, and Chittenden considered it premature ; and therefore no immediate want of a school. Indeed, in their opinion, it should be deferred at least three years, and, perhaps, five years. Truly a favored land, when education ceases lO be a necessity for its people. But one would expect that these gentlemen, knowing the necessity, as they really did, of an educational department, to prepare the young and inexperienced practitioners for a more successful career, that they would have hailed with joy the day that gave auspices of a higher and more enlightened condition of our profession, and would have been among the first to plant the standard of dental education in our midst, and proudly bear aloft the colours of progress and reformation in the grand march of human affairs. But alas ! gentlemen, they appeared on the stage of action as per- sistent opponents to both. They therefore voted against it, leaving Scott and myself in the minority, rnd we reluctantly submitted to the majority and signed the report. This report was submitted to the members present and was adopted with a good deal of hesitation. But, had all of the members been present, Messrs. Bogart, Kahn, Relyca being absent, (those latter gen- tlemen being really in favor of a dental school) the result would have been quite the reverse, and the Royal College of Dental Surgery would have been established, as it should have been in the fall of 1868. Thus, however, it came about that it was /lot established. But this decision after all was not satisfactory, even to those who voted in favor of it ; and by other members of the Board it was received with surprise and disappointment. The meeting just referred to took place on Oct. 2nd, 1868, and the best proof I can give you of the dissatisfaction felt by a majority of the Board is this, — that at the very next meeting, on January 19, 1869, only about 14 weeks subsequent, tlie Hoard chose a committee to wait on Dr. Scott and myself (Elliot) to make some arrangements to amal- gamate the two schools, or, in other words, to unite the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, that was to be, with the Canada College of Den- tistry. The especial promoters of the Canada College of Dentistry were as follows : — Charles Kahn, G, V. Relyea, j. S. Scott and your humble servant, G. L. Elliot.^ It is well known that the two latter persons have taken an active part and still sustain it. But as there has been some doubt as regards Messrs. Kahn and Relyca, and as they have also endeavoured to shirk the responsibility and place the origin of the Canada College of Dentistry on other shoulders, I subjoin the follow- ing letters in answer to my communications to them, asking their advice, and also if they coincided with my views to open a school, to accept profe.-sorshins in the above institution : My Di letter, thi will be a Board I v lege, (me; think you instructio next, whi on the pa insL ictio wh' will themselve I will g My De associate mechanic; eoncern; a You se \ ere as et could be ( And the ( the mo.st But I ; we were porters : These t through t happy tri system. It is no this chok meeting < referred, 1 about " tl them for doubt but by these ns, were Day, ematurc ; and their opinion, 3s, five years, jcessity for its the necessity, are the young eer, that they es of a higher 1 would have acation in our eformation in ction as per- nyself in the Y and signed was adopted embers been se hitter gen- t would have urgcry would fall of 1868. to those who l^oard it was 868, and the 1 majority of ary 19, 1869, littee to wait ;nts to amal- oyal College lege of Den- istry were as yowx humble .tter persons sre has been as they have origin of the n the fol low- asking their a school, to MR. KAHN'S LETTER: Stratford, Nov. 6th, 1868. My Dear Elliot, — i am glad to see, both by the Globe and your letter, that the Dental School is an established fact. I trust that it will be a success. Had I been in Toronto at the last meeting of the Board I would have given my vote for the Board to establish the Col- lege, (meaning the Royal College) but, as it has declined to do so, I think you and Dr. Scott deserve credit for opening the school to afford instruction to those who will have to pass examination in January next, which, of course, will be a strict one, and there can be no excuse on the part of the candidates that they had no opportunity of getting insi iction in Canada^ Hoping that it may be remunerative to those wh will have to perform the labor, and beneficial to those who avail themselves of their instruction, I remain, Yours truly, CHARLES KAHN. MR. RELYEA'S letter. I will give you that part of his letter which ref( the College. Belleville, . . ig. 21, 1868. My Dear Doctor, — Success to you. I have no objection of being associate to Scott, but would prefer operative and surgical dentistry to mechanical. I can see no objection to you and Scott "running" the eoncernj and am ivith yon with my whole soul. Yours, &c., G. V. N. RELYEA. You see by these two letters, gentlemen, that Kahn and Relyea \ -ere as enthusiastic in the promotion of an independent institution as could be desired. We, therefore, could see no impediment in the way. And the Canada College of Dentistry was accordingly opened under the most favorable auspices. But I am sorry to say, gentlemen, that, in the midst of its success, we were most cowardly deserted by two of its most earnest sup- porters : Messrs. Kahn and Relyea. These two men were allured away from their post of duty mainly through the influence of Day, O'Donell, and Chittenden. The same happy trio who intended to put into operation the " choking off " system. It is not perhaps generally understood by all of the profession what this choking off system means > Gentlemen, it is this, — At the extra meeting of the Board, October 2nd, 1868, to which I have already referred, there was a good deal of discussion, as there always was, about " these fellers about the country taking all the jobs and doing them for nothing." Meaning the country dentists. And I have no doubt but Day and Chittenden had suffered to a considerable extent by these terrible marauders, and therefore it naturally excited their r ■i--t 1 ■ ' . 1 1 "mil I u I III ijf I r 8 bloody ire against them. And they were determined to take some course to put a stop to it and rid themselves of the nuisance. How then could this be done ? I will show you. The Legislature of Ontario had placed the power in the hands of the Board of Examiners to examine and pluck, and compel to desist from the practice of dentistry every man in Ontario, under five years regular practice, who was not able to pass examination. The Legisla- ture also .gave the Board authority to open a school of instruction, for the benefit of those who were unprepared to pass examination, and expected, of course, that the Board would exercise as honestly and sacredly the latter prerogative as the former. But the happy trio above mentioned vainly imagined that they could do otherwise. They decided to avail themselves of the former prerogative and ignore the latter. When the committee of five. Day, O'Doncll, Chittenden, Scott, and Elliot, met in solemn conclave, to consider the propriety of opening the College Royal, the noble Chittenden thus expressed his views : " I tell you what it is, Elliot, there's too many of these fellers a cut- ting about the country, and it's high time they were choked off." I beg to state, gentlemen, that this pert address was delivered in the pure Yankee vernacular. Elliot : Of course, Mr. Chittenden, we can pluck them if they don't pass examination, and we can prevent them hereafter practising den- tistry. But while the Legislature has given us this power, it has also imposed upon us the duty, the sacred duty, of seeing that these unfor- tunate dentists are educated and prepared to pass examination ; to place within their reach the means of education, and then, if they fail, it is their fault, not ours. But let us first do otir duty to our brother dentists, and to the public at large, and then we can await the result with a clear conscience. You can understand from this, gentlemen, that it was Mr. Chittenden's object to keep them in ignorance, so that when they came up for examination they would of course be quite unprepared to pass the fiery ordeal, and consequently would be plucked and obliged to give up practice. Thus matters stood with the committee, three against two; and we, Scott and myself, according to the established rule, of the minority submitting to the majority, signed the decree that the Royal College of Dental Surgeons should not be opencV But, gentlemen, my views were unchanged, and as I have said before, were a majority of the Board. We still believed that a school should be established. The time and the hour demanded it, and it was a duty we owed our calling, to at once lay the corner stone of an institution, which, in years to come, we might point to as a monument of glory to our chosen art ; and one which, in all time, might lead the humble fol- lowers of our profession to their " alma mater," to draw thereof from her bosom, and become refreshed. The founding of an institution of a progressive character, of whatever name or nature, in any country which has never known its fostering care, or its honor on it Taking t the chagrir den, and o a dental s( noble entei revelled in fall upon // rich in amj all time ; v the founde noble Don own time f again woul I think : placed com It was v( They, he over the Pr circular ant Sir,— Tl templated strange. 1 advisable t stances the The Act of i under the protection tion to star any more Asylum foi the questio be opened assistance giving its c In refere right in say design of si the Royal 9 to take some nsance. n the hands of ampel to desist nder five years The Legisla- of instruction, 3 examination, se as honestly the happy trio icrwise. They and ignore the Jen, Scott, and lety of opening ;sed his views : >e fellers a cut- re choked off." Iclivcrcd in the rn if they don't practising den- wer, it has also lat these unfor- camination ; to en, if they fail, to our brother iwait the result lis, gentlemen, lorance, so that :ourse be quite itly would be t two; and we. of the minority Royal College •s I have said d that a school duty we owed ution, which, in glory to our he humble fol- iw thereof from tcr, of whatever \'\\ its fostering care, or its blessed influences, is always considered to reflect credit and honor on 'ts promoters. Taking this view of the case then, gentlemen, you can easily imagine the chagrin and disappointment felt by Day, O'Donell, and Chitten- den, and others of the Board, who were luke-warm in their zeal for a dental school, when they learned, to their mortification, that this noble enterprise had really been accomplished by other parties. Tliey revelled in the happy anticipation that this honored distinction would fall upon their sublime shoulders, and like a soft and luxurious mantle, rich in ample folds, would cover them with glory and renown through all time ; while future generations, with pride, would point to them as the founders and promoters of dental education in the young and noble Dominion of Canada. But intending, of course, to take their own time for it, and expecting in their greatness, that others of course again would wait for them. I think I may say, gentlemen, that it was a clear case of " mis- placed confidence." It was very unfortunate. It was indeed. They, however, could only vent their anger by sending broadcast over the Province and publishing in the public journals, the following circular and ultimatum : CANADA DENTAL COLLEGE. C To the Editor of the Globe.) Sir, — The announcement in your issue of Oct. 31st, of the con- templated opening of a Dental College in Toronto, seems rather strange. The Board, at its last meeting, decided that it was not advisable to open a College for the present. Under these circum- stances the action of the promoters of this College is simply absurd. The Act of Incorporation distinctly .states that the College must be under the control of the Board, and how this one can be under its protection is a difficult question. Of course there can be no objec- tion to starting a private College for the private gain of its promoters, any more that there would be objections to inaugurate a Lunatic Asylum for a similar purpose. But when the Board decided to leave the question in abeyance for the present, the College announced must be opened with the design of supporting itself, and need look for no assistance from the Board. The Board will not stultify itself by giving its countenance to the present scheme. Yours most respectfully, B. W. DAY, President 0/ the Royal College Dental Surgeons, Ontario. In reference to the latter part of this circular Dr. Day was quite right in saying that " the college announced must be opened with the design of supporting itself." And I can say to you, gentlemen, that if the Royal College had been opened with the same honest design of I I ■>\ 10 "supporting itself" there would have been no occasion for appropriat- ing the sum of $300 to maintain it, and which, after all, has turned out a mo'-t miserable failure. Dr. Day finishes up by saying " that the Board will not stultify itself by giving its countenance to the present schen. ." I must say that he handles the English language in rather a bung- ling manner for a pres-dent. But I suppose he means to say that the members of the Boar -e not such fools as to give their countenance, etc., etc. But Dr. v c •. not aware, probably, that seven members of that Board were r sy " <^ ving their countenance " to the scheme, and four of the sev wi . ;ually taking an active part in it. This being ♦ 'se, gentlemen, it appears to me that the only fool to be found, wu reference to this matter, is Dr. Day himself At all events you see he laboured under a mistake. Well, what was the result, or what followed .-' Why this, gentlemen, — That Dr. Day with others decided, at the next meeting, in January, 1869, only ten weeks after this circular was issued, that it was, after all, really necessary to open a dental school, and, as I said before, advocated the amalgamation of the two schools. Proving, more conclusively than ever, that Scott and myself were right after all as to the necessity of a school. Take a retrospective view, gentlemen, and see how we were abused for it. However, gentlemen, as I have just remarked, a second attempt was made to amalgamate with the Canada College of Dentistry, established by Scott and myself, or rather to come to an understanding. For you are aware that the Royal College of Dental Surgeons was not in existfpnce, and never had an existence. It was only in the prospective. There was nothing of it in fact but the name. And I consider they had a great amount of assurance to make such a proposition to me ; to amalgamate their qiid::i institution with my dc facto one. One which had really a most successful commencement, and one which, with all the usual appointments, had been carried triumphantly- through a first session, tnost gratifying, and, may 1 not add, gentlemen, most commendable to its promoters. Well, gentlemen, the Ro)'al College was opened, or rather It was announced to be, on the 1st October, 1S69. Messrs. O'Donell and Callender state, in the circular they issued, that "arrangements have been made to make the educational standanl of students equal to similar institutions in other countries." So, gentlemen, the first thing they did to accom))lish the noble object was to adjourn the commencement of this college from the 1st October to the 15th December, making an interim of six weeks out of the si.x months in which they were to accomplish the grand object of making " the educational standard equal to similar institutions in other countries." Well now 1 can't say, gentlemen, exactly what the role may be in dental schools in other countries to raise the standard of dental edu- cation, bu weeks of the sum o to wait til It was upon theii to elevate nized and And I this grand appreciate them at tl been need in Toront( You m meeting o would be friends h; purpose. Subseq' had been all $510. I will Ic locality o A sugg (O'Donell bonus, foi The su as the n) Board w ungenero This w And others, t }'ears' sei Mr. O' case it w arrangen Well, Mr. 0'D( have ser bonus tc should b But w funds of get into my supi Anotl Vii. for appropriat- has turned out 'ill not stultify rather a bung- to say that the ir countenance, veil members of 10 scheme, and it. It the only fool limself decided, at the his circular was I dental school, the two schools, yself were right I'ospcctive view, )nd attemjit was stry, established nding. al Surgeons was K^{ it in fact but ce to make such itution with my ement, and one ed triumphantly add, gentlemen, or rather it was liar they issued, ational standard •les. il)lish the noble .■ge from the 1st ■;ix weeks out of grand object of itutions in other role may be in .1 of dental edu- 11 ■' >.'' . 'I . -» ' ■ cation, but I can scarcely believe that t y deprive the student of six weeks of education out of the regular term announced, after taking the sum of $ioo for the tuition of each student. And coolly tell him to wait till they are ready to commence lectures. It was also announced in the circular " that the faculty will enter upon their arduous (!) duties with the full conviction that their labors to elevate the standard of the profession in this country will be recog- nized and appreciated by the public generally." And I can assure Messrs. O'Donell and Callender, who concocted this grand scheme of imposition, that they rev'// be fully recognized and appreciated by the public generally. And none can better estimate ' them at their true worth than the two nifortunate dupes who have been needlessly spending their time and money for the last six months in Toronto. You may remember, gentlemen, that Mr. Chittenden stated at the meeting of the Dental Association, in Belleville, that the Royal College would be a self-sustcuning institution. When, already, he and his friends had quietly appropriated the sum of $300 for this very purpose. Subsequently they received $210 more from the two students who had been surreptitiously inveigled into attendance on it. Making in all $510. I will lea\'e it to you, gentlemen, to discover, if possible, the precise locality of that sum of .$510 at the present time. A suggestion was made by one of O'Donell's friends, that he (O'Donell) should have a certain sum of. money granted him, as a bonus, for his services as secretar\*. The suggestion certainl)' seemed preposterous to me at first ; but, as the matter was brought up for discussion and a majority of the Board were in favor of it, and fueling, too, that I would be considered ungenerous not to coincide, I gave my sanction to it. This was at the last July meeting, 1869. And, as 1 was one of the h'inance Committee, I signed a report, with others, that he should luive the sum of two hundred dollars for the two years' services. Mr. O'Donell tells me th;it it was $200 for each year. If this is the case it was a mistake on my part, for I would not listen to such an arrangement. Well, gentlemen, in common with the other members, I admit that Mr. O'Donell has done his duty as secretary throughout the term we have served. And it is the custom in other institutions to vote a bonus to the secretary for his extra v/ork. And I assure you that I should be the last one to deny any one their just dues. But when 1 saw how recklessly, on the winding up of our term, the funds of the Board had been scjuandered in the miserable attempt to get into operation the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, I withdrew my support. Another reason I will give you. (: 12 V Mr. O'Donell, at our last meeting, Jan. 23rd, 1870, ofttred a resolu- tion, which ran thus : " That all (students) who have become articled subsequent to the passing of the Act, March 3rd, 1868, be obliged to attend the regular terms in the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, before this Boartl will admit them for examination, unless they can give satisfactory proof of having attended the same term in some regular chartered dental school." Now, gentlemen, the matter stands thus. The Board met on January 19th, 1869, and passed a by-law that students shall be articled to regular practicing dentists, to serve faithfully for two years, (no more) to be admitted for examination. Dentists accepted students upon these terms, students made arrangements to carry out these terms, when, forsooth, in Jan., 1870, the Board pass another by-law that these very students will have to attend two sessions, of six months each, at the Royal College, (taking necessarily two years longer, besides all the attendant expenses _ thereof,) before they can come up for examination. This arrangement will simply be a matter of impossibility, for the masters and students to carry out. And I consider it a most tyranni- cal proceeding. Now, gentlemen, with the first arrangements with your students, which were indeed instituted by the Board themselves, how, 1 ask, in the name of common sense, are you to reconcile }'our.selves with the second. Are you aware^ of the extra expense this by-law will impose on your students, after, please to observe, they have served their two years with you } 1st. There is tuition for two terms, of six months each term $200.00 2nd. Matriculation 5.00 3rd. Board and washing, two terms, six months each term 208.00 $413.00 4th. Travelling expenses, clothes, and incidental expenses will bring it up to at least $500.00 5th. It must necessarily break in upon two years more, besides the two years spent with the master. Making altogether /tv^r/mrj. Now I ask, gentlemen, who among all the dental students in Ontario, can afford this amount of time and money ? And yet you sa_y that you will not .submit to it. I declare to you, gentlemen, you must submit to it, unless you elect a new Board, who y^xW cancel, and that forever, the acts of folly and imposition practiced by the old Board. This resolution, which is to this effect, to actually take students from their masters, reg.irdless of the loss or inconvenience they caused to either one or the other ; without even consulting the dentists of Ontario a; shown th< Mr. OT lution, an* By Mr. Conseq It is on who have O'Donell, But, fai tioned, bu der, Wooc privileges Board of calling. before, in authority, tensions, low men. Meetin place at t on the 7t ft red a resolu- sequcnt to the nd the regular ^re this Board k'e satisfactory ular chartered a by-law that ists, to serve amination. udents made in Jan., 1870, its will have to ollege, (taking dant expenses sibility, for the most tyranni- your students, s, how, I ask, 'ourselves with vill impose on rved their two > each $200.00 5-0O I term 208.00 $413.00 )enses $500.00 >re, besides the El! students in Jeclare to you, L>w Jioard, who ition practiced take students ce they caused the dentists of 13 Ontario as to the propriety, or the slightest consideration whatever shown them for taking so remarkable and unprecedented a step. Mr. O'Donell has the impudence and assurance to offer such a reso- lution, and who was it seconded by, I ask ? • > By Mr. Chittenden, of Hamilton. Consequently there is to be no such thing as a rising dentist. It is only those who have risen that can follow their avocation, and who have fortunately escaped the " choking off" process, which Day, O'Donell, and Chittenden struggled so hard to put into operation. But, failing in this, they have instituted another system, just men- tioned, but this time backed up by a few other adherents, viz., Callen- der, Wood, Relyea, etc. I can only say, gentlemen, that your rights and privileges have been tampered with. And the sooner you elect a fresh Board of Examiners, the better it will be for the advancement of your calling It only shows to what extent those persons who have never before, in all their lives, been placed in a position to exercise their authority, will attempt to carry out their impudent and designing pre- tensions, regardless of any consideration or justice they owe their fel- low men. Meeting for the election of the new Board of Examiners, will take place at the Assembly Hall, corner King and Bay Streets, Toronto, on the 7th of June, 1870. Every man should be present.