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■f^1»t'^'
/
MANUAL
OF
ORTHOEPY:
WITH NUMEROUS NOTES
VFON THE ORIGIN AND ABUSE OF WORDi^*
\
iFourth IStjftfow;
t^ITH I.ARGB ADDITIONS AND CORHECTIOVS.
YORK:
(upper Canada:)
CltlNTGD AT THE OFFICE OP THE GUARDIAN.
Entered at Slationefa Hall,
1833.
PREFACE.
LiTEnxitY trifles do not always rely on themselves, but depend
mttitiiy upon circumstances, and by whom communicated to the public,
for patronage and support: if from an elevated quarter, they are
invariably accepted, mcrease the libraries of the great, and adorn the
boi'doirs of tiie fashionable : but from the humble and unknown, they
are commonly rejected, lie mouldering on the Bookseller's stall, or are
assigned the meaner offices of drudgery and waste paper. However,
without entering into the minut m uf such sort of distinctions, the
author of the Manual thus accounts for its appearance :
He never yet met with a student or- adult, unless previously
instructed, who, on turning to a Critical Pronouncing Dictionary,
could thoroughly ccanpreliend it, alt ough the key-iine thereof imme-
diately met his eye ; but it is unreasonable to expect, that he who
offends its easiest mutation, should enter mto the niceties of pro-
sodial sound.
Hence, to meet the wants of the foregoing, it is desirable that
some able Lexicographer should take this subject under his serious
consideration, and, incited by its advantages, compile a Pronouncing
Lexicon upon a mure simple and less scientific plan. The study of
an English Dictionary is by no means of that minor importance which
is too often (but erroneously) supposed to be; setting aside the facile
means it afTords of furnishing us with a more copious vehicle for the
conveyance of our ideas. Our standard one is that of Dr. Johnson,
whose invaluKble labors are well calculated to bear down all oppoei-
tion, notwithstanding the innovating spirit of the age; insomuch, that
I should not m the smallest degree be surprised if How' d'ye do? of
the present year, were to be a stranger to How d'ye doi in the next.
If the fortgoing hint that has been thrown out to Lexicographeri
be not improved upon, it ia presumed that this Manual would form
a sort of stepping stone to our various Pronouiicmg Lexicons, as,
omitting the accent figurings, it has strong marks of affinity, and
might probably be denominated the Sequel to a Spelling-bouk, or aa
Introduction to a Dictionary. *"
In justice to our various Prosodians, it must in fairness be conceded,
that they have written well and ably for the critical and learned; but,
unfortunately, have entirely lost sight of the simple and unlettered.
The present attempt, though a feeble one, is intended to supply the
delineiK y. The design was originally sketched in the margin of my
Ttiesuurus when a stripling at school, and has since occasionally, at
long mtervals, btsen tiinbodieil au4 enlarged ; wluch may throw iome
IV
PREFACE.
light upon many notes. Every impropriety herein introduced has
pusaed under my own obaervation ; and my authoritieR, where necea*
lary, are of the firnt order.
Tliis edition contains a large augmentation to the notes, without
materially lessening the text, of a m>ac(ilIancous character, and also
a considerable increase to those upon Solecisms, Barbarisms, Cock-
neyiflms, und Vulgarisms. Making a voyage to York, Upper Canada,
ill British America, during the fall, or latter part of 1832, this edition,
including paper and binding, is the entire production of that infant
capl'al ; thus proving, in no trifling degree, the striking advantages
of unrestricted industry. For York, on Lake Oiiiario, but a few years
since, was the barren waste, a swamp, the wilderness, and unknown.
But, lest I should extend this article beyond the lim ts assigned it, I
Will here conclude, by requesting for my little Work the indulgence.,
^^pf the candid : to others, who are not so, I have nothing to sayy^ut
''•"*l7ib8e of them who delight in the trfling and minute, would rccom-
lui.'nd a perusal of the following tale :—
4 deep-eearciiing philosopher, of the modern school, hnvinj- dis-
co .jred, by sheer chance, that a prodigious number of animalcules
inhabit the body of a flsh, called in all haste upon a sage of his
acquaintance, and, communicating to him the result of his labors,
desired his opinion as to the reward that should follow this discovery.
The sage replied by putting a dead fish into his hands, requestingr, at
the same time, that he would return to him when he had found out
the precise number of animalcules it contained. This was but the
employment of a twelvemonth ; after which he returned, as he had
been directed. "I have discovered," said the modern philosopher,
"just ten thousand more animalcules in the fish that you gave mc
than there are people in th* whol > world." '• Indeed !" rejoined the
sage; "then take the animalculed as a reward for so notable a
. discovery."
CRITICISMS ON THIS WORK.
*Thm Is a TPry curious book : cnn'ninin? a Cfnnpiindiiiin of more "i<»fnl and enter-
taining liriowle(i<.'« than iniirht be imnviripd could br coinprt'gacd Into so small a spRce.
It ousht to be in every t^chooj-b'iy's hands but, iti truth, we know of no cla!<9 of our
COHnirymcn, who caii rt^aJ and have occasion to ^pi^ak. hut iniiitt And it uaeful ; and,
for the MMiiseinent of transient leisure, it will well repay iuMpectiona oft repeated"—
Bath and Cheltenham Gazette.
' This bivik, from its condensed ma8«i of grammatical corrections, added to the extent
and variety of itx informaliini, must rendcv ii noi only deisirablp to th(? stndHut and adult,
|>ut equally acceptable to the miscellaneous reader and seeker after knowledge "—TVue
Sun
"Tna notes are full of Information. There are marks of too much labor and reading
in the book, not to make it worth a Teacher's atit^ntinn "—Mhrnteum
" A Protiouncinir Diciionary u|ion a n. w and very ingvniuus plan, in which the Authnr
has la a ^reat measure 8ucce«ded."— Weekly Times.
troduced has
where neces«
otes, without
Iter, and also
risms, Cock*
pper Canada,
, this edition,
if that infant
V advantages
t a few years
nd unknown,
assigned it, I
e indulgence
' to sayjf^ut
'ould rocom«
hrjvinj- die-
' animalcules
sage of his
if his labors,
lis discovery.
pquestingr, at
ad found out
was but the
as he had
jhilosopher,
gave mo
rejoined the
notable a
fill and enter-
small a space.
to class of our
it iifleful ; and,
ft repeated"—
to the extent
iKnt and adult,
ledge "—7V«e
Dr and reading
ich the Authdt
MANUAL OF ORTHOEPY.
NoTK. — The fiiTiiros nfllxcd to racli word refer to the difTorcnt
Parts of Speech : n.s i Article ; '-Noun ; SAdjective ; 'Pronoun ; sVerb ;
"Participle; "Adverb; t^Conjunction ; ''Preposition; '"Interjection.
This mark (") over a nyliable in the accent column, written as the
Ijiven word is to be pronounced, denotes that it is to receive the entire
(jmphasis. If the divided word have no mirk, it is to be pronounced
vvitlioiit any particular accent on either of its divisions.
(Full.) Means lliat all the letters of the word at the end of which
it stands are improperly sounded ; as, Dor-dreshl for Dordrecht :
properly dort.
A.
n1).(lik.a.tiv
•a.'^
fe
Ardicativf.," implying an a!)dication.
Abergavenny," a town in Monmoutlisliirc. a.licr-gan.ne
Abex,- a part of Ethiopia. Com. n-hiks.aAvsh
Aboriginc.«!,- the first inhabitants of a country, ab.crldj.in.neos
Absolutory,^ that which absolves. ah-eol-u-tur-re
Absnrd,^ ridiculous. Improperly a?Kurd. ab-surd
Abyss," a great depth. Written also abysm, a-bis
Academy,- a school of arts and sciences. ak-a-dem.me
Jl i? tlie first of the vowels, a, r, », n, v, witli frequently rr and y ; so called, liecaHw
tbiiy ran ho sounded without any apparent motion of the mouth. It i*) now used before
words beginning witli u long ; as a union, a vnivcrsnl, &c. Wliole booics might be filled
witli tlie onnoniinnis that luive been laviiahed upon this vowel.
'J'lnRedinns are fond of niisupplying its hrimd sound ah, in their pronunciation of Cato.
Mdicativc Formerly accented on ab, but which is now universally exploded.
Aborigines] ('onimonly calle<l a-hor-c-jienx,
Absolutory] Wiiliin the last twenty years, the emphasis upon this word has retrogra-
ded from tlie third to the second nyllable.
Absurd] Its impropriety is also a cockneyism; a term derived from cockney^ y:h\ti\
arorte from a yr-ung citizen cxclainiinjr, ou hearing a cock crow — ' How the cock neighs.^
Tlii» brouuhl nprtn liim tlie niekiianit; oi Corkticigh, now written cocknry.
Academy] Dr. Johnson udniits it is pronounced otherwise than as above, but in opposi-
tion to ancient and correct usa;;(!. its derivatives <ica</r/n>ca2 and academically axe. thvm
acceuied. Is an Athenian term, applied toa spot bclongingto one ^cnrfnwuj?, surrounded
by high trees and adorned with covered walks, in which Plato first taught his scbuol of
riiiiosophy.
NoTB :— The improper introdiiciion of a in "1 rnn't « bear it," is a decided cockneyism.
Ac and ak, come from the Bamn n< an oak. B
MANUAL OF onTItOKI'V.
Acaclia,^ or Nova Scotia, in British America.
Acceptable,^ pleasing, agreeable.
Access,^ addition. Impro. accented on ac.
Accidence,* first rudiments. Cor. accidents.
Accomplice,^ a partaker. Vulgarly accomplish.
Accompt,* a reckoning, or filed bill, {a-kounl)
Accountant,* a reckoner. Properly accompfant.
Accoutre,* to array, adorn. Vulgarly a-kow-tur.
Acephalous,-' without a head. {a-sef.lus)
Ache,* a pain. Sometimes spelt as pronounced.
Achieve,' to execute, perform. {a-ishiv)
Achor,* a valley. Corruptly ak-kur.
Acidulee,* medicinal springs. (ass-id-h)
Acme,* the height of a thing. Corruptly uk-me.
Acolothist,* a deacon. Improperly akolisl.
Aconite,* wolf 's-bane ; poison in general.
Acoustics,* instruments used to help hearing.
Acqs,* a small city in ancient France.
Acquaintance,* familiarity. acqiiaintancps.
Acqui,* a strong town of Italy. ifti^^)
Acre,* a certain quantity of land.
Acrimony,* severity of language.
Acronical,^ a term used in astronomy.
Acumen,* quickness of intellect.
Acuminate,* to sharpen at the point.
Adage,* a pointed saying. Vulgarly «.r7ar7ye.
Adagio,* musical slow time. Corruptly a-da-je-o.
Adamantine,^ having the qualities of adamant.
Adduce,* to draw, to bring in, assign.
n.hfi.t'oa
uk-Bop-ta-bcl
ak-808
uk-so-dertfle
ak-kdm-plis
ak-kount
nk-knunl-unt
ak.kil.tur
a-scf.a-lus
nke
at-tsliuvo
u-kur
a-sid-du.Io
ilk-mch
a-kol.o.thist
uk-kon-nito
n-kuu-stika
ax
ak-kvvfiint.anso
ak-ko
tt-kur
ak.re.mnn.no
a-kron.o-kul
a.k'>vv.men
a.kew-min-ait
Tid-adjo
a.dadj-e-o
ad-a.inan-tine
ad-duso
.Seaiia] Settled by tlic Earls of Halifax and Selkirk, and otiier distinguished men.
Acceptable] Thirty years ago the accent was on the si-coiiil syllalile: ibr it is a confirm-
ed angficisin with as, always to form the accent, if posiiible, on tlic first syllabic.
Jlecomplice] Barbarously contracted into complis.
.Sceompt] This is its proper orthography, tlinugh cnmmonly written account.
Accoutre] The sound of u, in this word, may also be represented by a double o, as ak-
Icoo tur.
Accubation] It is to be observed that tion^ cion, and sion, either in the middle or at the
end of words, when undivided, sound like shon or .ihun Uy tlie same rule, tial and rial
take the sound of shal. Again, ciaji and tian are pronounced ukan. Addotuln, cient,
tient, like ahent ; cious, scions, and tious, like shus ; and science, ticncc, at the termina-
tion of wordF, like the sound ofshense.
jJehf>\ The late J. P. Kemble strove hard to give the plural of this word a new reading .
Achieve] Formerly written atckieve.
Acorn] A late celebrated orthoepist pronounces it ak-kurn.
Acquaintance] Ib an aggregate noun, tlie addition of » is therefore improper.
Adamantine] Its emphasis has but recently been reduced to good order.
Addenda of don't I, lu " I always do, don't /," isa 7»Mre English vulgarism.
Adduce] Has but recently found its way into our dictionaries.
MANUAL OF OUTIIOLI'Y.
uk.Bop>tu-l)cl
ak-ses
uk-KO-denRe
ak-ko.n-plis
ak-kount
nk-kount.unt
ak.kii.lur
n-scf-a-lus
nke
at-tR)iuvo
fi.kur
a-sid-du-Io
Lk>mcii
a-kol.o-thist
uk-kon-nito
nkOu-stiks
ax
uk-kvvfiint-anso
uk-ko
u-kur
uk.re.mun-no
a-kron-o-kul
a-k'^vv-men
a.kew.min-ait
ild-adjo
a.dadj.9-0
ad-a-nian-tine
ad-duso
'J
Admiralty,'- lioiul naval oflicc. Vulg. admiralUy.
Adorable,-' worthy of adoration. (dd-ur-a-ble)
Adry^^ ihirslu : which is the proper word.
Advcr.sarin,'- a coininonplace book.
Advertisement,- a public notice.
Advowee," possessing an advowson. {ad-vo-e)
Adu'ation," high compliment, flattery.
Adult,* past the age of infancy. (d-duh)
Adunqne,'' crooked. Corruptly called a dunk-e.
Aerial,"* belonging to the air. {air-yul)
Aerology,- the theory of the air. (air-ol-o-je)
il^titcs,- caglc-stone. Vulgarly called a-tites.
Afeard,-^ daunted, afra"d. A vulgar word.
AtT'ect,- adection. Often put for efect.
Afiected,^ moved. Confounded with effected.
Affection,* passions generally. (a-felc-sJiun)
Aforegoing,"' going before. Now joregoing.
Afraid,*' in fear. Vul. afraurd. Barb, afreurd.
Afier, '•* behind. Barbarously called ar.<er.
Again,' once more, back. Corruptly a-gen.
Agate,- a precious stone. Vulgarly a-gait.
Ageii,7 once more. Corrupt ; properly again.
Agnail,* a 'lisehse of the nails. Vul. hangnail.
Ague,* an intermitting fever.
Aisle,* of a church. Writ He et He. (izul)
Ait,* a small piece of land in a river.
Albuquerque,* a Spanish town. (aUbu-kSr-Jcwe)
Alcoran,* the Turkish bible.
(al-ko.run)
&d-x ler-al.te
a-do ra.bel
a-dri
nd.Tursa.re-a
ad.vur-tiz.ment
ad.vow-e
adul &-shun
. dult
a-dunk
a-c.re-ul
a-ei'-ol-o>je
e-ti.toos
a-fe-urd
af.fekt
af-fek-ted
af-fek-shun
o-iore-go-i;>g
a-frudo
af-tur
a-gane
ag-et
a-gen
ag-nale
a-gew
ile
ate
al-bew-kirk
ai-ko-run
tin(!uished men.
e: tor it is a. coiifirm-
rst syllabic.
II account.
by a duuLIc o, as ak-
tho jtiirldlo or at tlip
ic rule, tial and cial
iri. Addi.'iidn, cicnt,
cnce, at tliu leiiuiiia-
vvord a new reading.
improper.
rder.
iiigarism.
.^ddphi] fthn) From a Grrck word signifying brothfr, being builtby two brother!.
Admiralty] Frequently pronounced admiraltry : and adult accented on a.
Advertisement] Corruptly on Use. It is 501. penalty on the printer and advertiser for
things lost or stolen, ofl'ering a reward, with no qurations to be asked.
Jldunqur] Also vulfiarly pronounced full : id est, a-dun-kwe.
JfUites] The diplitliong m, not being English, is now generally written e.
.Ifcard] Is a solecism of had character, which term first arose among the Athenians,
against a colony planted at Soloe, by their legislator Solon, remarkable for the impurity of
their ianguu^ie. it is |>roperly an ism, upon many words, and barbarism., etc, on one only.
JIforc] Though a vulgarism now, was quite fashionable in Queen Elizabeth's time.
J]ffain] Its modern corruption, affen, was anciently its orthography.
Jlgnus Dei, or, "O I.nmb of God, etc" Was first appointed in the Litany, abotit 687.
Jiir} Is eight miles high. The entire weight every person sustains is 33,000lb8.
y/(7J There are several spots of ground with this character in the Thames, dotting it in
a most picturesque manner, both above and between Kew, Richmond, and Kingston
Uridges. Formerly spelt ayte.
Mcoran'] Conies from tlie Arabic words al, the, and koran book. It is therefore as Im-
propter to write the alcoran, as it would be for us to say, the the Bible.
MA'»*CAi. or OUTIIOM'T.
Aldcnnun,-' city in;i;;;isfrate, uppointcil in f^&2. lill-ilur-umii
Algebra,'^ uHcicncu iiiKit kiiuwii in Kuropc, 1 1*J1. iil.jo.brii
Aldgato,'^ ouo of the lirsd city gutes). ull-jfot
Aiias,7 otherwise. Corruj)lly ail.ns. iilo-tj-yun
Aliquot,^ ineusuring exactly. (a//7wo^/)ul.o.kwoi
Alkali,^ the contrary of aciil. Usually ///-A<7./c. al-Ua-lc
Allay ,5 to quiet. Ofluu put fur the -' uUoij. al-Ia
Allege,^ to afTirm. Formerly spelt allnlire. ul-K'-djo
AUelujah,'-' praise God. Also spelt hullcliijuh.a\.c.ian.yii\i
Allies,^ confederated slates, partners. aUIizu
Alloo,^ to sot on. Also spelt halloo, ul-lii
Ally,^ to unite by kindred or friendship. al-li
Almond,^ a nut. 8 varieties. The / is quiescent. iilj-munJ
Alms,'<i charily. Corruptly /M//.aaiz
Aloes, 2 a bitter medicinal gum. (r7/-M*)i-il.ozo
Although,' however. Often written allho\ oll-ilio
Amassment,^ a heap, collection, piling up. a-iniiH mutit
Amateur,^ a virtuoso, {ammature el a//i-a-/«/)a-nia-ieu.iir
Amazon,^ a virago. In its latin on ma. uni.n.zun
Ambrosia,^ the food of the gods. («/H./>rocZir.7/r/)ani.brd.zhc-a
America,^ Its territory equals Europe. (am(./TA.T)a.mor.e-k;i
Anagram,'-^ transposing llio letters of a name. dn-u-grum
Anipuzan,^ the name of 4* in infantine schools. am-i«ow.zriu
An,^ any. Improperly utied for one. an
Analysis,^ a separation of the parts. (dn-aMs-is) a-nul-e-sia
Anarchy,^ a state without government.(a.«drA- e)an-ar.Uo
f
MIy] Its noun, allies, waa forniPrly, hut ntrocttdly, nrct'iitodon al.
Moca] Medical men nr<! npt tn divide it into tlirco tiylliibles.
Amassment] Some Icxicogrnplicis gnint it u »i\\\iU\ s only, but unjuntly ph ; fur it is &s
much entitled tea double one as censiiient, embossment, and embarrassment.
Ambrosia] A certain ortliocplst calls it am-hro-ska.
Amtrica] Has no national niiisic or song, except llail Columbia, but Yankee Dnoilli,
compoBed by a Yorkshire drummer b(^y. G'tt away, depart, uic. are supplied in Auu.ricik
and Canada, by the words clear out.
Jlnagram\ As on the meeting of Putentateit, ni Aixlarhafullr, 1817 — ten tra pots.
WW] Signifies old, as Aldpale Oldgate : hal, from the Saxon hall, lienre IVhitehalt.
All-fools-da If] "April 1, — 3:), thesoldietH moci<cd our Ktdcemer in the public hall, a
practice still observed by the Jews: hence its oi'i!>iii," nays an ancient black letter book.
Almanac] From the Saxon all-mnoii-hrtd ; the nioon'ri courses engraved on Hiicks.
AlpkttbeC\ Ours contains 2ti letters: French '23: Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriar, and Hamnii
tan, 22 each; Ethiopicand Tartarian, each 20*2: the Chinese, properly speaking, none.
Amen] A late writer statcH, that it ha.'^ two accents ; but this I cannot admit, unless we
allow ourselves to b'3 directed by the pronunciation of a parish clerk.
Among] If I may be allowed to hazanl an opinion, I would apply among to the human
race, and amongst to animals and things wlliiout lite.
Amount of effects belonging to buitors iu Chancery le forty millions, sterling.
RiMARE'.— Substituting an't lor am not, or have not, is low and vulsar.
MANUAL ui ouiuoi:rv.
6
rtll-iliir.innn
ill.jo-bra
iill-lfi)t
illo-O-yUrt
ul-o-kwoi
(ll-ka-lu
aUla
ul-lfitljo
ul-o-lrio-yali
al-Iizo
ul.hi
al.li
ali-mund
aiiiz
ill-OZO
all-thn
o-inuHtnotit
a-nia.l(!U-iir
ilni.n.zuii
iini.brd.zlic-a
a.inOr.e-kii
dn-u-gruni
am-i)ow-zaii
fin
[i>nul.e>sid
lii-ar-ko
iistly Ko ; for it ia as
ssmetit.
but Yankee Dnoilh,
supplied in »3wt ecu
— ten trn jiots.
Iienre tVhiMiall.
II lilt" public Imll, a
t black letter book,
nvcd oiiHticks.
3yriac, and Hamnii
' spf'akiiii,', i;f>iie.
ut udiiiit, uiilviM we
mong to tlie liunmii
sterling.
Bar.
(anot-o-me) a.niH.o.mtj
Anatomy ,- art ol' di.sscctin<i.
Anclioriio,' uno so<"Iik1c;1 in suliliidt'. uiik-t)r.iio
.\iitIrofryiiouiH,- uf bolli .se.\t;s. Also soO, drodj. uii-»lr< jf-o-iiud
Ariocdotc,'' u pieco (ifsccict history. ((^/-n(7i-(/(>/<')iiri.tjk.(loto
Anemone,- a plant, tlio wind llower. ('.7<-t'.mo;K')a-ii('in-oi)-o
An^lo,- Ji point where two liut;.< meet. an-^'ul
Anjjora,- a city in A.sialic Turkey, (an-^oo.rah) ,m-i>,<'i.ra\\
Animalcule,- an inject. (///i.c-//u//-/r( w>-/(')an-(;.miil.kulo
Anodyne,'' mil i;;atiii<^' pain, eaf^ing. (a-nvij-duii) .in-o.dMO
Anonymoii.':,-' wanliii^ a name, secret. a min.o.inu.'j
Ameriour,*' f^oing bdure. Now writieii anterior. nn.\.Gt-y at
Anfhem,- a divine Hoiijfj:. Inlroditced in ^8(5. an.thoin
Antipodes,'- ihe Zcalandors. Viil<jf. an-le-pidcs. antip.o.dcos
Antitiuary,- a student in anti piily [an-le-kicar-i') in.iii.kwvttii
Anticjue," a remnant of old limea. (anl-ih) an.mko
Antistrophe,- the second staiu^a ot'an ode. un.tia.tro.fo
Anxious,'* solicitous. The origin ofmuch error. auk.Bhua
Any,** every, whoever, either, one. (ain-ne) on.no
Aphelion,''^ the greatest distance from the sun. a-fool.yon
Aphorism,- a maxim, precept, general rule. uf.orizem
Apiece," to each one's share, for each, separately a. peso
Apocrypha,- a book by doubtful authors. a pok.re-fo
Apocryphal,'* not canonical, disputed. a-pok-re-ful
Apologue,- u moral tale, a fable, Vulgarly/i<//. ap.o-log
Apophthegm,'^ u remarkable saying. iip.o.them
Apostle,^ a divine messenger. (rt-j^oJ-su/) a pGs.eal
.inimalcuh] Till lately written animnlrulit, atul pronounced an-t-mal-kcw Ic. Malu-
zleu !4iiyr), lie mis .seen tlieiii alinvy twi n;y iiiillidii limes Ninuller tlinn initus.
.'Jnti</unri/\ Ih now preferrrd to aiitiiinarian by lliu learned world.
Aiiliqiu] "ftlany editions nt'Giay's " (.)il(.' on u di.stant Hroipcct uf Eton College" liavc
thiH word printed antir, which in of very oppobite nieuiiiiif;.
^ny] Is UHed adverbially, Nii,'!iilyiiiR((< all, in Lancashire, Cliesliirc, and other north-
western counties, in tsucli sort of question as, " is he recovered from his I'llnesH any ?"
To which answer is made — " A'o ; lie is recovered none." Meaning! none at all. This is
not only false grammar, but nonsense : also, U7i^ and none are adjcuiives, and never used
adverbially.
j^piecr.) To siiy, "so nitirh a-picer," involves a sort of pun in the very natural rejoinder.
" Then bow much for a whole one ?" Kack is the pr<iper word.
.tipophihin^ni) Kaflles the people, berause so entangled with consonants,
.Ipuntlc) I'hecleruy ar(! very apt to pronounce it divisionally, and to give po the same
souiui as they do tho^e letters in poet
Jlnchor) To make one for a tir.st-ralp, employs twenty men forty days, and costs 4001.
Jind) This word is superfluoufily introduced at the end of the Lord's Prayer: "For
thine is the kinu'lom, and the power, and the glory."
Jlntipathy) An Englishman in 1700, was near dyinji on hearing read the 53rd Iialah.
Animals) Upon land are warm, luitin the sea cold-blooded. Those under ground have
sniull eyes, as tliemolc, not lurc(!r than a {lin'shead. Eating animal food arose from a
riimnician priest ascertaining, by accident, the flavor of a burnt-otrering.
Ancient Saxons on conversiun, called the clergy mass, and laity loorld-thanes.
JNoT« I—The duration of Bpprentlceship, with us, is greater than In other countries.
MANUAL or OKTIIOKI'Y.
Apple," wo have 214 Horts. Ex. Gaul by theap-ul
Romans.
Apostrophe,'^ nmrketl (luis (') (a-pos-trof) a.pos-iro.fo
Apothecary," a medical coiiii)ounder.(ayw/rcar//) n.potli.oker.ro
Apotheosis,- a ileilicatioii. (a-jwlh-O'Stis) a.poih.o.o-aia
Appal,^ to airri<i;ht. AHecledly called appel. ap-|)ail
Appraise,"'' to value goods, rate, set a price on.appraizo
Apricot,- a wall liiiiu 'I'hero arc 14 sorts. a-pre-kot
Apron,- part of a woman's dress. (a print) n-pmn
Aquafortis,- from nitre and vitriol. {ak.e.forl-is)n.]iwa.i6vA\s
Artie,-' northern. Corruption of </;-c/ic. nr.iik
Arackj-a spirituous licjuor. Commonly r^/i;u,r.ak
Arithmetic,- science of numbers, (a-rcth-me-til:) tx.xiih.mG.tik
Arabic,- the Arabian langu.ige. - {a-rCi-bl/,} nr-a-hik
Archangol,2 a chief angel. Improperly on ai'ch. ark.ain.jol
Arches Court,- the chief consistory court. urtchezkort
Archipelago,'^ a sea abounding in small islands, ar-ke pel-a-go
Arctic,-' towards the north. Corruptly ar-tik. nrk-tik
Argue,^ to reason, dispute, debate. («r^)ar.gew
Aristocrate,- favorer of aristocracy (My-cs/d/i. re/) ar-e-sto-krat
Arraign,^ to accuse, set in order. ar-rfme
Arrant,-^ bad, vile. Confounded w'xih errant, in. rant
Arraught,-' seized by violence. Now obsolete, ar.rawt
Arriere,^thc rear ot an army.
Arsenal,- a repository for arms.
As,^ in the same mamicr.
Apothfcnnj) Vnvhnr. pot-ti-!:cr-rr. From Ilie Greek, and means, tu put things uicay.
Apotheosia) Fonnerly acccnicd on iis I'oiirtli syllahlo.
Appal) \)r. Johnson says it feliniild be wriilon appatc.
Appraise) Tiie ism upon its par cipic \>>. " Tliis was priz'd (appraised) to me."
Apnea*) Its former ortliojirapli; , w/ir/cor/,-, is l)econie vulvar.
Apron) To omit the transposition ofr, is now regarded asatiected.
Arack) Made in IJatavia Ironi riee, and Goa from tlie juice; of tlie Cocoa tree.
Arches cvurt) From St .Mary le- bow (de Areuhus) ciitnrh, wlierein il was llrst held.
Aristocrate) Emanated from the Freneli revolution. Properly aristocrat.
Arsenal) Speit tlins by the Italians ; but arerval when tiiixiii from the Greek.
As) Is miseliosen in — " The lionso was to be sold rt.s- (on) tliis day.
Arshcd (artos/it) Sucli words an; niiide monosyllables, and this is our harshest.
Aristarchiis) A ^jrainmarian ofSanios, who wrote 81)0 dili'erent commeniarieH.
Arrow) Its range isiiUO yds., but a Turk will often mnki' it 400.
Arabians have no cetrporal punishment, but a siibstitntion of pernniary fines.
Archibald Armf .iff, jester to Charles t., was the lastoni; kept by our kind's.
Ardent Spirits) lis litt.-ral translation from the Chiprwa fonjjue, is liijuid Jire.
Archdeacon] The first ap|)ointed in FnfTland was by Lanfranei; of Canterbury, 1075.
Army fstniidin;;;] ori^'inaied with the garrison of Oovt^r Castle, In .((dm's reiijn.
Arrive] Is folbtwed by the word c ; as — " I shall tirrive to (at) London to morrow
Apples] As a dessert, are gold in the morinn?, silver at noon, livit copper atidf^lit.
Arcadians lived on acorns, the Art^ivcs on pears, and tiic Alhcnians uu tigs : so late m
Draco, Attic oblations consisted of fruits of the earth only.
Areopogite Court at Athens, pmished cruelty tu animals with severity.
CocKNEYiPMS : — " Have you arry ?"— " No— narry." The lirst word is meant h)t any>
and the second, not one. Also, I aiiU, for 1 have, or am not.
(ar-ri-ur-c) ar-rcer
{arze.mil) ar.sun.cl
{as)iv/.
MANl'At OF OnTIIOEPY.
y thcMp.ul
trof)
carji)
)-stis)
ippcl.
on.
prrin)
rl-is)
rctic,
V rale
e.til)
Ml/)
arch.
iiids.
r-tik.
:-rei)
rant.
Icte.
ur-c)
■mil)
(as)
■cans,
a-pos-tro-fo
n.pdtlj.cker.ro
a-potii.u-u-8is
a p. pail
ap.praizo
a.pre-kot
a.priin
a.kwa.for.tis
ilr.lik
iir.ak
a-rllh-mctik
ur-a.bik
ark.iiin-jel
firtch.ez.kort
ar-ke pel-a-go
ark-tik
argevv
ar.e-sto.krat
ar-raiie
iif-rant
ar-rawt
ar-fecr
ar-sun-cl
tu put tkings aicay.
I (appraised) to nie."
ir.
licctrd.
■■ ofilif Cocoa frno.
wherein it was llrst held.
ly ari.ilnrrat.
II from tliu Greek.
is (lay.
tlii.s is our liarshoHt.
rcrit coiiiiiicniariea.
00.
illifTuninry fines.
Lcpl by our kiuL's.
^■ue, xsliijuid jire.
coofC.iMtcrhury, ]075.
/e, ill JoIiii'b rciijii.
at) Loudon to morrow
I, luit copper ntiilglit.
leuiaud oii (igs ; so late na
li severity.
rst word is meant hit any>
I
AsinarVj' belonging to an ass. Or asinine, us.se-nor.ro
Ask,^ anciently ax: see bp. Bale et Chancer, asko
Askance,''' sideways. AL«o spelt usliaunce. as.kanse
Askew,' with contempt. Usually askew, ask-ycworas-kew
Asparagus,^ a kind of grass. (sparagiis) as-par-a-mis
Aspect,^ a look, air. Anciently acctd. a-.spcJd. as.pekt
Asphodel,^ a plant, the day-Iily. {as.fo.dll) fis-fo.dcl
Assafa3tida,2 a gum. I\Iuch abused, as-sa-fet.e.dah
Assume,-'* to suppose. Improperly asshume. as soom
Atrocious,'-^ heinous. Commonly a-trosh-iis. a-trO.ghus
Attorney,*^ a proxy. There are 3000 in London, at-tur-ne
Auld,^ old. Now obsolete, awld
Authority,- legal power. Barbarously aniority. au.ilinr-e.le
Axiom,2 a self-evident principle. Vulg. aksem. ak-slmm
Ay,' yes. Thus anciently ; now written aye. a
B.
Backslide,^ to fall from. Formerly halc-slidc. bak.slide
Bailiff",- a sheriff''s officer. Vulgarly hum -hail if hvi-Wi
Bakery,- In America a baker's sliop. la-ke-re
Balance,- what's due. Misspelt haUance. bal.unce
Bandit,2 ^n outlawed robber. Or handitlo. brm.dit
Banian. days,2 those in w^hich no meat is served, ban.e-yan-daze
Bar,2 all barristers and special pleaders. bar
Baronet,^ lowest hereditary rank. {harro-niie) bar-o-net
Barrack,2In 1772 wo had 3, but now 302. bar.rik
Bar<iue,2 a small ship. Sometimes spelt harlc. bark
Barrier,^ a boundary. Corruptly ba-reer. bar-re-ur
Atiparagus. ItH l)ail)ari?m fparrnw-grass^ docs not always rest with the people.
Atlorneij. Tlie deputy of our Sa.\oii ancestors, at the Slieriff's torn, or court.
Assisted. They " assisted,'" for were—" present at a parly," is a loan from (he French
Assassin. P'x. Al Hassan, a prince whose subjects murdered at liis command.
Auction. The first known in England was in the year 1700, and eousisted of goods
brought home by (jovernor Yale, from Foit Geor;?e In thf East Iiulias.
Author, (dramatic) in Paris, receives 10 Francs each liifrht ills play is performed; five
from a large provincial theatre, three from a second, and two tVoni a third rate.
Average. Adil the price of the separate articles together, divide their amount by the
Huni, the ipiotient is the charge for each. This is called striking the average.
Athelstan, ennobled those merchants who made three long sea voyages.
U has but one sound, and is silent before t in the same syllable.
Uailiff. Its vulcaiisni, as above, is a corruption <tt' liouvd bailiff.
liar. 5 king's Sergeants, 2J Sergeants at law, 50 King's Council, and 12.50 barristers. "
Uaronetlhui] of Mova Scotia, Hritisli A\nerica, was Sir U. Gordon, in 1025: invented
by Jnnies I., to supply his extravagancies, and sold at 10001. jier title.
Baltic Sea is, in many parts, but 50 feet deep ; heiici; the frequency of shipwrecks.
lialustrade. Often corrupted into banisters, as those of a staircase.
JJankrupt. Originated in Italy, where moneyers had benches. When any one was
imablc to pay, his bench was broken. The trade of a banker began in Lombardy.
Jiaptism originated with the deluge, because the world was purged by water.
VuLu.vr.isMs :— AsBcss., hacheldur, bab-be, at:ak-tcd, and bartel-me, for access, bachel-
or, baby, ittacked, and barthokHuew : add ass i-hhi tot asylum, a-ai-lum.
MANUAL or ORTHOEPY.
Basin,2 a vessel, pond. U.snally spolt hason. lia.sin
Bayonet,''^ (lap;gcr. Be. made at ha y()nne,{h(fgunet bay .o.nei
Baywindow," Ibrming a bay in room.(bo-unndow)hti.win.dn
Be rilzebub,^ Satan. Carbaruusly hel-ze.hub. bccl.ie.Uxb
Been,** preterit of /o he. Formerly spelt bi/n. bene
Bestial,^ nature of a beast. Improp. heastial. hvs.x&he-ul
Bethlem,^ a mad-house. Corruptly bedlam, leth-lom
Beyond,^ out of reacb. Corruptly be yand. be yond
Bilboes," sbip stocks. I'roin Itllhoa Spain. bll.boze
Binnacle,- a soa term. Properly bitlacle. l.in.na-kul
Jlirmingham," in VVarvvicksliirc. {brumidje7n)b\ir.m'mgen>
Birth,2 rise, place. Improperly spelt berth, burtli
Bladebone,2 scapular bone. Phticbonc, corrup. blade.bono
Blarney," flummery. Ex. Blarney cx\.f^\.\e,Munster. bUirn-ney
Block,2 American for many bouses in a row. blok
Bluely,^ with a blue color, wanly. blcw-ln
Boatswain,^ a s-bip officer. (bote-srm d: sieain) bosun
Bombardier,- a bomb engineer. {bfim-a-deer) bum-bai-deer
Bookkeeping,^ first trace of it is in 15tb cent, book-kcep-ing
Borne," supported. Confounded with born, bourn
Boss," American for mnster or employer. bns
Bouquet," a bunch of lloucrs, nosegay, {poo-hcl) br>o-ka
Bow- wow,2 coarse beef used by sausage makers, bou-wou
Bcfti. Is confounded in pronuncintirn with lin, n repository for wine or corn.
Bethlew. Inipropcrly Aed/dw. Note. Jictliiidl was ani:icnt\y licdtidll-frrcm.
Birmingham. Styled fh.^ toyshop of Furopc, hy n deceased aiid celiibnited M.P.
Bluclij. Here tlie «, beiiiu useless, slioiild he thrown out, ns in i/u/i/ iuul I. .ilij.
Bouquet. Vulgnrly, and by afreet criers, called Imir-pots. As both u hort/i.
Beer, ."ays a duty exceed iiii» the revenue of Bavaria. Is one of tho.<<! few wortV ' .0
poBKCSs that may be said to be incorruptible. A drink for draught of beer io vulgar.
Beat. Js misapplied in the phrase—" Beat\\\m down in price," shonlil be bate.
Begummers. A Somersetshire term, supposed corruption of By god mothers.
Beholden. Many persons erropeonsly reject itf<H' tiie p'l.ncrple bihntdiiig.
Behoove. Improperly written behove, and corruptly rhymed with rove.
Bellows, bel-lvz. Its last syllable is corrupted beyond recovery.
B'-'l . Invented by Panlinus of Campania, 400. Tirst used in churches about 900.
"Learing away the bell," becausi! a bell was anciently the prize conti'sted for in a vr'.ce.
Bicetre. Crasis of Winchester, our bishop [ of] in iA'iO, having a palace in Paris.
Binhopa, Singularly enough, have neither mottoes, sup|iorters, nor crests.
Biscuit. Naval ones are now square, because rc(]uirinu less room than rircnlar.
Blankets. From Thomas lllanket, who first made them at Hrisiol in i:i40.
Bo. To terrify. Owes its origin to a celebrated captain of banditti, who, using it as ho
sprang on his prey, generally eiTected his purpose by the confusion it e.\citcd.
Bovfire. A certain orthoepist calls it bone-fire.
Booksellcra in England are 5000. Are exempt, as a company, at Tubingen, Paltsburgh,
nnd Paris, from divers taxes. Alfred gave an estate for a book on (Josmogrnphy.
notanv B ay. From the nnmbr i plants foinid tliere. by Sir J. Banks, in the year i770.
fioroughmonger. First applied in Parliament, by Sir F. Purdett, about 181 1.
Note .—Where beloved is an adjective, if is then three syllables— ns " my beloved son;"
b It when n participle, ns " he was much btloved," it retrogrades to two.
VnoARiRMS -.—Hcedel, bile, afore, and bvnim, for beetle, boil, before, and bosom.
MAJfUAL OF ORTIIOEPV.
• bil-sin
t bay.o-net
)bn.\vin.do
. becl.ze.bnl)
. bene
. bes-tslio-ul
. bGlh-lem
. beyond
bil-boze
. bln.na-kul
) bur-ming em
. biirtli
I lilade-bono
. blarn-ney
Mok
blovv-ln
) boBun
) bum-bar-deer
book-kcep-ing
■ bourn
bos
bdo-ka
bou-wou
■inp or corn.
'U-grcni.
iiliiiitod iM.P.
niul t. .ilij.
i.i linrtli.
those few wovi'a ',-0
bncr JH vulgar,
lould he bate.
t'li inolJurs.
diUiig.
•vc.
rliiirches nhout 900.
h'.^JiwI Cor in a mce.
lahice iaPariti.
crests.
hail '•ireiilar.
ill 1340.
wlio, using it 03 ho
excited.
iihlndPH, Faltsburgh,
Ofinofc'riiphv.
ka, ill the year .770.
out 181 1.
"my hclovdeon;"
iVO.
■f, and botom.
Bourdcaux," a large town in France, (hor-diix)
r.owl,- a round mass. Corruptly like scowl.
Bombast,^ A.stian. Ex. Bomhycinvs. {humhast)
Breakfast,- (he first meal. {hrclfassus)
Brick-kiln,- a building used for burning bricks.
Bristol,'^ a largo city in Somerset. (bi'is-ttir)
Britannia,^ the national efligy on our coin.
Brunette," a brown complexion. Also hrnnetl
Buck,2 a man fop, lover of dres.s.
Burden," a load. Spelt also burthen.
Burgh," Saxon for city, town, or castle.
Burgaraot," a pear. Prop, hcrgamot (bur'ga-me)
Burgeois," a citizen, sort of printing; letter.
Burlesque,^ to ridicule ; -ludicrous language.
Burst,2 a sudden rent. Vulgarly called bust.
Buskin," a stage half-boot. Sock, a .stage shoe.
Butler," a servant.
C.
Properly botlir. hu
bore-do
bole
bum- bast
brek-fust
brik-kil
brls-tnl
bro tan-.yo.a
bru-nct
buk
burd-un
burg
bur-ga-mot
burdj-wau
bur^esk
burst
biis.kin
but-Iur
Cabriolet," a hooded onc-horso chaise.
Cadger,2 a churlish old fellow. Cor. kodger.
Calcography," the art of engraving on brass.
Calends,^ first day of every montl;. (Jia-hms)
Caliph," chief priest of the San^cens. {JcalVf)
Campaign," a large open country.
kub-bre-o.lay
kad-jur
kal.kog.ra-fo
kill-ends
ku-Iif
kampEno
livitannia. First struck by Chnrles II., in complirncnl to liis cousin Frances Stuart.
litick. A Htranger to our dictionaries, althoii^li received liy our hest writers.
liurgamot. The; perfume is made at, and imported from Bergamo in Italy.
liiirgcois. When denotina a printim; letter, tlien called bur-join.
Jiuskin. Hence the theatrical phrn?ie, Kock and buskin.
Butter. Its annual supply t'or the Loudon market, requires about 280,000 cows.
Bread. Tlio phrase bread and rhcrsr is compressed by the vulgar into hrcn cheese.
liribr. In (lueen Elizabeth's tiin", we load of a Mr. Thomas Long, bribing the mayor
of Wectbiiry, Wilis, witii the splendid fee of 41. to returu him to I'arliainent.
Bumper. It wan cnslomary to drink the Pope's health out of a full glas."? (in French,
au ban per e,) wliicli gradually corrupted iiself into bumper. Hence its origin.
Bury, (btr-rr) but pedantically pronounced bcw-ry.
^By the bill' is a phrase ori;j;iii!!lly introdn.ed from Scotland.
Braces, suspenders: has no plural, therefore, to say or write brace, is improper.
Buccaneer, is traced to the Carriblxv^s, and conies from boucancr, to roast mid smoke.
Buiemi {b(je-ro) Spelt bureaux, when applied to a private conference of niiniaters.
Till! word cabinet ministers origiiiiited in the rei!.'ii of Cliarles I.
Business Its plural bvsiiicssrs, is .'^(v harsh as to be seldom. If ever used.
Bricks, \( ior draiv.s, may be made by any person, free from duty.
C takes the powers ni k or .« ; sounds like k bttfore a, o, u, and .i preceding t and i.
Cabriolet. Familiarly, cab ; properly, as above ; but vulgarly pronounced in full.
Cabal. A private junto of men ilnh-bnl) ()ri;/iiiaied vvitli the iiiiiiisters of Charles the
Second ; LomIn Clitfonl, y\shley, liiieklu^ham, Arlington, and Lauderdale.
Calf. In «n/r.' foot jelly, low IjOiirioner-i put it in \\m' iilural.
Caisson. A chest of biuiibs or powder, to tip tired on the approach of an enemy;
Calico. So called, because tirst made at Calicut in the East Itidies.
C
\ .
10
MANUAL OF onxnoEPr.
Camphire,'* a wliite gum. Sometimes canf.pJior.
Ganaille,^ the lower order of society, (kannelle)
Canine,^ having the properties of a dog,(kan-un)
Canacla,^ B. America, has 600,000 inhabitants.
Canteen,^ a tin flat bottle to carry liquor.
Canandaignua,^ town in N.Y. co. America.
Capouch,^ a monk's or friar's hood.
Caprice,^ a whim, fancy. Impro. la,p-prese.
Carious,^ rotten. Generally miscalled ka-rus.
Carnelion,^ a precious stone. Impro. Cornelian.
Gatarrh,^ a disease of the head, a deflaxion.
Catastrophe,^ fatiil conclusion. {kat-is-trofe)
Catcal,2 a squeaking instrument. Or catcall.
Catherine pear,^ an inferior pear. (Cafhdrine)
Causeway," a road. In 1 Chron. 26-16. Causey.
Caviare,? sturgeon's eggs salted. Some earner.
Cayenne-pepper,2 grows in the Indies, {ki-ann)
Celery ,2 name of an herb. Barbarously sal-lar-re
Cerate,^ a medicine made of wax. Often se-rate'
Census,^ numbering the Romans by censors.
Cent,2 an American copper coin, value Id.
Chagriu,^ ill humour. Corruptly sJidg.rcn
Champignon,* a mushroon. (sham-peel-yi n)
Chan,? a draught map. Corruptly called tshart.
Chaff,^ dust. LoiDword for playing the fool.
kiini-fire
ka-nale
ka-nine
kun-a-da
kan-tene
kan-nn-du(;-na
ka-pootsh
ka-prese
ku rcous
kor-nele-yun
ka-tar
ka.tas-tro-fe
kat-kall
kath.ur.rin pare
kaw-ze-wa
ka-veer
kii-an-pcp-ur
sel.ur.e
se-rat
Ren.sua
sent
slia-grocp
sliam-pln-yun
kart
tshaf
Canteen. Oiiijinally a military wine chest, but now dwindled into a bntttr.
Canaiiig is faet supplying tlie place of canting: lis primitive cant, originated witli Ar'
Ic A. Cant, Scotcti ministers, about tlie year 1U50, ai:(l was tlien rnlled tlic holy tone.
Carpentry, is barbarised carpenting ; as is casement into kaidjc-mmt.
Catgut Fiddle-strings are made in Italy from the guts of a goat ; they should tliereforc
be called ^oat-j'ut. The ancient TIritish name for AJtlle ia crotpd.
Causeway. Spelt improperly, being derived from the French o( chaussen.
Cardinals. Anciently parish priests at Rome. Number of Catholics in England arc 300,
,000 ; having 3.56chapcls, 71 charity schools, and 348 officiating priests.
Candidate. Romans solicited ofiice in white, attire ; heii' called candidates.
Carshalton, surry, better known by its pronunciation of kasa-haio-tun.
Chamois {sham-me) an animal. Or Shamois, then accented on mots.
Caviare, needfl niter. ition, as it is agaiiiiit analogy to sound are like ere.
Censorship of books first orisinatcd at Mcntz, Germanv. in the year 1486.
Chalk farm. Ry Primrose Hill, or Cockney Mount, hocauso the farm is of a chalky
soil. First distinguished by the asttaseination of Sir EdmouRbury Godfrey.
Chaplin. With other advantages in a noble family, enables the holderto accept addi-
tional preferment in tlie church. Annual payments to the chaplains of our prisons, in
England and Wales, arc 15.6701. American liavy has ten,
CocKNEYisMs: — Sirkil-a-ting U(T circulating, tshi-iie for china, conunandement fnr
nmmandment, and commonality foreomnonalty
VuLOARisMs :— CAccr for chai. , sha for chaise, kat ekiz-srn for catechism, eharrot for
chariot, churful for cheerful, chaw for cAc», chop for chap, Kutrin for Catharine, tshim
U for eMmvey, witli kort and kawn for r.aueht and turn, kartridje for eartouck box, and
Skarlotur for Charlotte, and kitsh for catch.
*
UANVAL OF OUTUOEPY.
11
kilni.fire
ka.nale
ka-nine
kun-a-da
kan-tene
kan-nn-dasc-na
ka-pootsh
ka-prese
ku rc-ous
kor-nele-yun
ka-tar
ka.tas-tro-fe
kaUkall
kath.ur.rin pare'
kawze-wa
ka-veer
k£-an-pcp.ur
sel.ur.e
serat
Ren-sua
sent
sha-grcop
sham-pin -yun
kart
tshaf
to a botttr.
ant, originated with Ar
called tiic holy tone.
<;-'m<nt.
t ; they should therefore
chauagnn.
lies in England arc 300,
'iests.
d candidates,
aw-tun.
nois.
ke e.re.
year 1486.
the farm is of a chalky
Godfrey.
e holder to accept addi-
laina of our prisons, in
'nat commandemejtt far
f.ateehism, eharrot for
n for Catharhie, tskim
« tot eartouck box, and
Charwoman,^ a woman helper, (cJiair-woman) tsh&tiwoo-man
Cheese,^ milk-curd food first made in Scythia. tshcse
Cherry,^ a tVuit. We have 28 varieties. tsher.re
Ches8,2 a game. Invented by a bramm. ches
Chiltern,* a chain of hills crossing Oxfordshire, tshil-tum
Chimera,^ an odd fancy. Corruptly klm-me-ra. ki.iuee.ra
Chimney,2 fireplace, taxed 1689 at 2s. {Chim-le) tshim-no
Chirurgcon,^ a surgeon. Now written surgeon, ki-rur-je-un
Choose,^ to select. Improperly written chuse. tshuze
Christen,^ to name. Christian the noun. kris-en
Chymist,* a professor of chymistry. {chemist) kim.'xBt
Cicisbeo,^ a gallant. Barbarously si-slz-he-o. ichit-tcbis-be-e
Clam,^ to clog, stop up. Miswritten cZamm klam
Clef,2 a mark in music. Improperly cliff, kief
Clough,2 the cleft of a hill. Erroneously A/of klou
Cobbler,^ a mender of shoes. Cobleria improper, kob-iur
Cobweb,* a spider's web. Ex. Dutch kop, a spider kob.web
Cockswain,- a ship officer. Corrupt cox-en. koksua
Coffee,a a berry. We used 122,900tuns in 1831. koffe
Coin,2 cash, money stamped. Vulg. kwirte. koyne
Comedy ,2 a droll piece. From koriis, c village, kom.me.de
Commandant,*a military officer. (Arom-mdnfZ-M«<) koin-man.danrt
Commodore,% commander: much varied(on com) kom.mo.dodr
Compatible,^ fit for. Prop. co»jpc<i6/e (comf»eto) fcom.pal.i.bel
Complice,^ an aider. Contraction of accompZice. kom-pHs^
Con.5 to study. Used only ludicrously, kon
Confest,^ open. {Confessed cut down by poets. )kon.fest
Chiltem. Divided into hundreds, withcourts and stewnrds, in the gift of the minister,
that enable him to remove a Member of Parliament at pleasure, by naming him to a ste-
wardship in the Chiltern hundreds; which, if he accept, vacates his seat.
Clough. Ditfers from doff, an allowance in weight, which it formerly represented.
Coffee-house. First economical one was established by a Mr. Carrow, 1812, in Covent
Garden Market. Many combine the advantages of a library and news-room.
Comedy. Because anciently performed before young persons in villages.
Chase. For hunting beasts of game, between a forest and a park. Differs from the
former, because it may be held by a subject ; and the latter, that it is net enclosed.
Chronology, as a science was wholly unknown so late as A. D. 1480.
Cinque-pot-ts. (sink) Dover, Hastings, Uythe, Romoey, Sandwich, Rye and Winchelsea ;
which are exempt from the militia. ballot. Estnblished by William I.
Cireiimfiex. A syllybaic accent. The Greek and Latin languages have but one.
Clapham common, aleo called campo santo, from its many worthy residents.
Clerk. Strictly, one iu holy orders, but now applied univei sally to a writer.
Client. Anciently, a Roman citizer, taken under the protection of a great man.
Clothes. Its corruption hloze is past recovery, not so colonel (kumul.")
Cobble-dich-lovger-skin. A Devon apple, first roiscd by Dick 'Longerskin. cobbler.
Cognac. A French town noted for its brandy. Usually written cogniae.
CoM^tream, In Berwickshire. Uere general Monk first raised a regimenl'OfSoldien,
called, on that account, the Coldstream guards; a name still retained.
Committee. Kom-mit-te. often improperly accented on cmn or tee.
ViJLOARisMs : — Chuekful, consort, and e^)^fident, for choekful, concert, and twfidaM:
.Sweet, improperly ehana (cAina) oranges, and clouted tr.M\e clotted cream.
•I
n
MANUAL OF ORTIIOEl'Y,
Construo,^ to translate. Konstur even in shools. kor.Htrew
Contrary,^ opposite. Improperly /ton-trd-rc. k."in.tru.ro
Conusance,'-^ notice. Corruption of conniz/fncc. kriii-u-«ui«sc ■
Corps,* an armed force. Plural /.or: (/.o/Y's) koro
Cos,'-' a lettuce. Ex. isle of Cos. Vulg. gauze, kos
Council,'-* an assembly. Counsel,' to iulvise. kofm-sul
County,'-' a shire. Also domain of a count. kown-ia
Courier," a messenger. Corruptly /i7«'-yycr. koo.roer
Covent garden," prop, convert, vulj^. comvwn. Uov-un-gard-cn
Covetous,^ greedy. Vulfrarly called I.ov-c-tshiis. kuv.o-tus
Credit,-an Indian reformed town near YorU IJ.C. krOcHt
Cubit,2 a Hebrew mei»sure equal to *2"2 inches. Kow-bit
Cucumber,^ a cooling plant. {kowlmmher) kow.kum.lmr
Culprit,- a criminal. From qiCil paroil. kal-pnt
Curiosity,'-^ niceness, rarity. (/^rrr-n-f-r-^e) kow rc-ns-e-to
Currant," a fruit. We have sorts. Pro. corinlh kur.runt
Czar,2 in the Russian tongue means Cicsar. zar
D.
Damson,* a small black plum. Prop, damascene, damziin
Decease,^ to depart this life. (r/e-sr/ze) dcs^ese
Decemviri," Roman magistrates. {decemvirs) do-sem-vcri
Decorous,^ decent. Usually called </< 7r-o-rwA'. de.kd.rus
Defile,'"* to go off by file. Militarily def-fr..Jai/. defile
Democrat,'- a favorer of democracy, ((/wrtocra/c) dim-o-krat
Depbl«gm,5 t© clear from phlegm. dc.floru
JVote. Co sliould be prefi.vrd to wordn only lh:it l)0!»in with a vowet, as rncijvnl.
Costard. A large apple : liciice ai.ftcrmnvffn-, or piop'M ly i<i.-'ian/-iiiungcr, a seller of ap-
ples of the above name, iiicluain<; the white, tlie red, and stiey costards.
Cupola, Applied tea doiiir, when in reality it iiieuiis the licad cliiiicli in a city. ThoRC
of Italy arc mostly crowned with a cupola, wliieh led to the mistake.
Curfew. 80'cloc.k bell, introduced by the conqueror, and still kept up in many of our
more ancient ; jwn*», and all the workm;: parishes of the ni('tr(tiK)liH.
Creation- tJsher says 4000, Josephus 410-2, P. Judocus .")l<.),'i, and Jews37(iO years B. C.
Constantia wine, comes from Coastuutia farm, at the Cape ol'tiond Hope.
Courtier, is of French orijiin, nicaiiinu simply u broker, or dealer in ol<l clothes.
Count. Division of the declaration in a lawsuit. A title equal to our earl.
Cornish. A Devonshire term for one tobacco pipe, or (jlass amoii<: many people.
Cuts (wood) This species of enatavins was invented by Rust, a (lerman, in 1400.
Cunning. Anciently denoted a likilful workman, but has now another meaning.
J) never changes. Note. Dancing was anciently a religious ceremony.
Decease. Its olden form,—" he's gone dead," —in now disused.
Dedications. The sum paid for them in Dryden's time, was from 301. to .lOI.
Degrees. Cxford and Cambridge borrowed theirs from the university of Paris. Writciii
thereon, in mentioning those gentlemen who put up for the honors, gcnertilly say, they
obtained the degree of dor.to>-s [doctor] in divinity. Created in I'iOO.
Delphi. A city of Phocis, famous for Its oracle: formorly, but vulgarly written delphos.
Demean (carrioge) Misused, by some writers and tlie people, to dclase or lessen.
Dandy. A wliiskered non-dcscript, with check shirt,. jemmy whip, high stays, small hat.
A word constantly used by Napoleon, to designate men who displeased him!
Vulgarisms : — Kiimr, ukrtintli, skrowdj, kurn.s, kvs, humil. and kurtihc, for cove*
•rusk, crowd, turiuvs, curse, coral [sea plaull '*'•'' courtrsij [civility.]
MANUAL 01' OUTHOr.l'Y.
13
kun-Htrow
kr.ii.iru.ro
koii-u Hunso
koro
kos
kofiii-siil
kuw/i-le
koo-reer
kov-iin-gard.cn
kuv-c-tus
kre.clit
Kow-bit
kovv-kum-Iiur
kfil-prit
kcw rcos-e-to
kur-nint
zar
dum-znn
do-sese
d(,'.sCm-vc-ri
le-ko-rua
o.file
m.o.krat
cflorn
I, as rn-cijua!.
in^c;-, a seller of np-
ids.
tell in ii city. TIiorc
lip ill many of our
•s37(iO years B. C.
Ilopt'.
«/•/ riothcs.
r f.'arl.
nany peoplo.
rman, in 14G0.
Iifir meaning,
jny.
01. to fiO!
y of Paris. Writers
■iieriilly say, they
ly written delphos.
nsr or lessen.
pli stays, small hat.
il liini.
kurtthc, for cover
Depute,'^ to send. Vulsr. dvpuiise, ct dcpmte. do-powio
Deputy,- one who acl.s for nnothor. \\\\^y.dvhhu1^|i\^n^.yx\.\e
Deuteronomy," book of the hiw. {^/)(j./tr.M/i.?w6)dow.tur.on.o.nio
DiarrhoRU,- a Hux. Commonly di-rc-a. di,ar.re.a
Dictioniiry,'- a word hook. Anciently dixnary. AVa.sXwxw er-ro
Died,- expired. Dyed,- ctdored. dido
Directer,- one who directs. Often spelt rfi/rcZor. de-rek-tur
Disputable,-' uncertain. Com. dia-i>cw,.la-hid. dls-pew-ta-ble
Divan,2the Ottoman council. Corruptly fZm//i. do. van
Docile,^ teachable. Commonly do.cde. dos.sil
Do^ma,- a tenet. PI. do'pnas, formerly dogmata, iidg.m&h
IDojiger-Bank,'-^ a sand-bank in the North Sea. dog-ur.bank
[Doll,- a puppet. Some critics write it doj. doll
I D6wns,2 a road forsliipping olf the coast of Kent douns
I Drawing. room," Properly vltltdra.vdng.room. draw-ing-rume
Dressed,'' clothed. Usuallv dipt into drest. drcss'd
Dribble,"'' to slaver. Properly dripph. dri'.i-ul
Droujrht,'^ dry weather. Corruptly drouth, drout
[Druid," a priest. Ofdoubtlul derivation, (fZn/c7e)drew.ud
iDucat,2 a coin. First struck by dales, {du-hdt) Ank-nt
flfDiiresse," constraint. Often spelt duress, dew-res
Dupe," a person imposed on. Commonly doope. doupe
Diamond. King of Portuci.l lias the largest in the world, valued at '224 millions.
IHmissorij (letters) mean a title in one diocese, when ordained in another.
/>«?»n<'r of soup, meat, etc. is given in rooms, \Vc.-'-Smiihlield, for three pence. This
fnote in former editions, lias caused many Biicli rnnms to be now opened in Loudon.
Dingle, is a littie valley in u flat country ; a dell is that dingle ornamented.
Dissect. There are eiijliieen dissect iuf! theatres in the metropolis, averaging a tliousand
jiupils, each of wlioiii, before his anatomical studies arc said to be complete, must operate
[upon three bodies.
[ Dissenting clergyman, for that of miu/.v<f)', is wrong : the former applies to the estnh-
[lishment, and the liUier, a seceder therefrom. Dissenters first separated from the Church
nf England 1571. Their chapels have no bclld, because the congregation is too scattered
to hear them.
Voctors commons. A civilian college founded by Dr. Harvey, dean of the Arches.
Dordrecht (iiort) Holland: here 14'21, the sea biokc in and drown'd 100,000 people.
Dormitory (churchyard) abp. Cuthhert, 750, first made them in cities and towns.
Doner. Improperly spelt dovor, which originated in coach otiices and inn yards.
Drunk. Drank for drunk, in giving or drinking healths, is allowed a preference.
Drug, A simple. Also means of little worth, as 'Its quite a drug.'
Ducheas. Is derived from the French ofduchcsse. Missjielt dutcAcss.
Duke, (dook) also pronounced, especially among theatricals, as if written j'ooie. Tlie
itie was first conferred, in England, upon ttio son of Edward III., in 1336.
t)un. From Joe Dun, a famous bailiff, living in tlie town of Lincoln, in 1490.
Dunce. Formerly a man oi parts : derived 1308, from the learned J. Dunscotus.
CocKNKVisMs : — Difficiil, dixenrre, dosstt, dooty, aVid doom, for difficulty, dictionary,
inrsct, duty and dome : dorn (dawn) dice for a die, and dilemmer {dilemma.)
Vrt.OARiSMs :— Dowe, draw''d, dar, drownd-ed, dekrchid,deiine, drags, dribul,duberoH*,
■fo* did, drawn, dare, drowned, decrepit, design, dregs, driuel and dubious.
14
MANUAL OP OKTIIOF.I'T.
E.
Earth,- one of the four elements. urili or orth
Karlhen,'' inndo of earth. Some write carthcrn. urihtin
lilcccritrie,:' devialiii<j; from the cent ro, irr«giih>r. pk-fon-lrik
Keli|)se,^ihe first is of the Moon 7*20. vwars h. C o.kli|>H
Kclogue,- a ptvstoral or rural poem. {rk-l><j(')vV..\i^^
Economy,- frugality. Formerly spelt yhVo/jo/wy.okon-o.mo
Edicc,'"^ an ordinance. rfiinetinics rd tlikt. edikl
Edinhurgh,'* the Scotch rapitiil. {eddhihurro){}.(\n.h\n^
Educate,^ to instruct. Vidparly called (ddvkate. CmI > ow.kuto
Education,'-^ instructing children, (nldrhoshun) oil yew-kiishun
EHectedj'^performed. Confoundotl with ajfcrtai. «f fiik-iod
Eglantine,- a species of rose. {rg.ul.tinc) fg lan-iino
Egotism,- self-praiso. Customarily egj^oliicm. fi.go.tiz-om
Eiiher,"* one or the other of two. [vi/lhur) o.tluir
Electary,- a medicine. I'»'operly cJrctnary. o.ltk.taro
Elephant,- lives upwaids of 120 years, (ilifitnt)vl o-funt
Elixir,^ a cordial. Corruptly eUkfthiir, (lexer, o.lika.ur
Elysian,^ pleasant, exceedingly delightful. o.lizh zhun
Embalm,^ to impregnate with spices. { full) omhmm
Eminent,"* high. Confounded with imminrnt. CMu.onent
Empoverish,^ to make poor. Form. Impoverish, om-pnv.uriah
Empress,- an emperor's wife. Prop, empercss. cm-prcs
Empty,^ to evacuate, throw out, expel, (pwj/)^) cm-to
Enceinte,- near child-bearing. From the French ong-saint
Encomium,- a panegyric. {in-komcyum) on koino-yum
■ ii-
'4
•'i
F.. Is tliewcond vowel, ami of n somewhat im|p|>ondont charnctpr. Voliuiru used to
«ay, tliiU the English are the only nation that call their e, i, and their /, e.
F.arth. Some call urth, vulgar. Formerly, and still by many peo])le, r-urth.
r.ecentric. Denn SwItY either wns, or prelendfil to be ignorant of its meaning !
FMnburgh. Anciently vvrittcn F.dinboroughy hence its common pronunciation.
F.ducate. Home orthuepis^ts maintain, edjucate. Edward ia vulgarised ed-urd.
Effected. Its note applies also to the primnlive rffect.
Either. Is Improper in "On either \earh] side tlit) river." Likewise, "./Frf either of IIh'm'
books yoursl" Either being here equivalent to anyone, the sentence should be — "/a eiilict
of these bofFks yours 1" The former of these errors is of frtiiuent occurrence both in bii
cred and miscellaneous reading.
Enceinte. Now supplies the place o( en famille.
Eat. To eat three times a day was thought prodigious among the ancient Romans.
Elegant. Its promiscuous use is vulgar, as "F.lrgaiit weather, elegant [Jine] day."
Elector of Ilesse, from subsidising, is the richest German Prince. In our treai'iea Willi
him, tJiree wounded men are accounted as one killed, and paid for accordingly.
Elephant ir Castle, St. <Teorge's Fields. Upwards of (3(10 stages cull liere daily.
Emphasis. Its sign [ — ] formerly implied the otnission of a letter ; as the — for them, ric ,
Emmaua [em-ma-usj This scriptiue word, at Luke ^4,-13, is oftea mis pronounced .
tm-mus.
^^Enjoying a bad state of health." A general phrase formerly, but now decreasing.
NoTK :— £ final in all monosyllobles, distinguishes the sharp sound of a from its flat
,oiie, as /ar, ear ; fare, care, Egg'd fur enticed ia considered vulgar.
■■'A
1
MANUAL or ORTllOKPr.
ta
1 ' — j— iriaasa-
Eiidict,"' to cliHiffo. Formerly iinlirt.
Eiigino," n machine. In Amorica t7*./"*c {injii:^
Enormotis,'* vory large or wicked, {r.noi'.mh)
Enough J sulliciently ; - a snnicioncy. {cmm)
lilnow,^ suJHcient. Plural of enough. Ohsolvle.
J'Jnsign,'-' an olHcer ; regimental Hag. {ciisin)
]'inthusiasm,- strong iniuginatioti {vntJm.si.is7n)
lOntirc,-' whole. See note on Vorler. {inlire)
Entirety/^ completeness. {cnlvrrele.)
Entomb,'' to put in a torn!), to bury. (/"'O
Envelope,'^ a wrapper. {French) (envelojfe)
Environ,"' to surr<»uncl, hem in. {<n-m-run)
Environs," places adjacent. (envurum)
Envy,'' to wish for. Anciently pron. cnvtc.
Epaulette," a shoulder knot of lace.
Ephomerist," one who sludien nsiroloffy,
Epiphany,- the twelfth day, a church festival.
Epitaph,'^ an inscription on a tomb.
Epitome,'^ an abstract. Corruptly vp-n-tome.
Epoch," a time to date from. Vulgarly e-pok.
Equerry," master of the horse. (ckkure)
Equitable,' iust. (chml-ahd t^ ck-ke-ta-hel)
Equity,'-^ jus ice, right. Corruptly ek-kcte.
Erasc,^ to rub or scrape out, destroy.
Errand," a message. Usually called ar-ranU.
Errant,' vile. A|)j»licd to a knight, then cr-rant.
Errour,'"' a blunder. Now written error.
nn-(lito
r<n jin
o-nor-niua
o-nnf
o-iiow
iJa-Hiiiti
en-thu-Ni HZ-mii
on-lirn
cn-tircto
ch-loom
on-vo.|6pa
cn-vi-ron
on-vc-roiiz
fin-vo
o.fom-o.riflt
o-pif-un-o
fip-o-tiif
c-pito.nie
op.ok
ok-kwer.ro
ok-kwcla.bol'
vk-kwo-to
ur-ruiid
fir-rant
er.fur
inrnctpr. Voltuiru used to]
(I tlinir /, e.
y poo|)l«, F-urth.
lilt of itsineiiiiing !
non prnniiiipiiitinii,
i^ulgarised cd-urd.
tewiso, "./Ire oithor of Ihettl
iiuiicffhoiildbi!— "/« (•itlierl
lent ocuurriniue both in naT
}', but now decreasing.
F.ndir.t. Tlio nflinity between tlie long r mid Hliort i, wliere the e is followed by w or «, ■
OcnaEiioned mich words to be I'oriiiurly spelt with / ; iih in>l*m, imhracp, &.C.
Entirety. Iiiipruiierly iimdi; four HyllahleH in proininciaiiori. It is a comprebcnsivv
word. Kntire ih nil Irinh .iiiliHtitute for whole, M"l Kot the <!a/./'rf of it."
Entrust. i>r(iviii(-.ial» employ it for intercut, as the people dnempt for empty.
Envelope. Frcquentlp iniMtuken for the verb envelop \rn-Bel-np\ to enwrap.
Environ. Home attention Ih neceesary to avoid itn culliiiion witli tlie noun.
Envy. The Scotcli ntill rail it en vi-e.
Epitaph. Often so cxapiferated, that a French proverb snys, — " It lie» like an cpiiapli."
Erase. In some eHtabllHhnieiitti, especially the Dank of liliiKlnnd, an erasure is not per-
mitted ; but if an error be made in tlie debtor cash account, another is pur|M)sely uiitiired
on the credit RJdi; to balance it.
Knip(!ror Caligula, suiiianied from the honts which lie wore, to please the soldiery.
England. Her doininioiiH comprise 4,(KM),<)U<) ceoKraphical square miles, witli a popula-
tion of i:)7,0(M),0fl0. She has 4(),(M)() ieajjues of well ki^it roods, aOUO of canal, and 2.500 ots
iron railways. Her church has six and a lialf million lieaieitu, whilst tlioseof all Euro-
pean christians are two hundred and two millions.
Knfilish While V^^are, orieinatod from a imtter •icrchnnce seeing burnt flint reduced to
fine white powder ; he took the hint, mixed it with his clay, and succeeded.
Note .—Er is an Finglish terniinntion; or from the Latin ; ar and ard borrowed from
the French. First improvers of our language were Chaucer and Sir J. (Jo wer, in the 14lh '
century.
1 'i
16
MANUAL OF onxiioni'v.
Eschew,'* to flee, avoid, oppose, shun. os-tsliuo
Escnitoire,'^ a desk upon drawers. {<'-s-kru-iw)oa.]irix.\vro
Escutcheon," a cout or bad«^o of arms. es-kntHh-shun
Espial,"* a spy, a person sent out to spy. cs.pi-al
Espionage," the ofiice of a spy. (CA-pm-cr/;)cs.pc.un-awjo
Esquimaux,'-' country in N. America, {cskcinox) oB.ke.mi')
Esquire,^ a title below a knig'at. cs-kwiro
Etc.,- a contraction of et calcra. oicft-e-ra
Etiquette,^ polite ohscrvai.ce. (cf-fi./.v/r/Oct-in.kot
Etui,^ a case for tweezers. (y^'Oet-wo
Etymology,- the true derivation of word.s. ot-o-mol-o.jo
Eulogiuni,- encomium. As cidogi/, or ^/oifc. yo^v-lorljo-um
Eupepsy,- a good concoction, or digcsition. yCw-pop-so
Euphony," an agreeable sound. (.'/"^/-'"i-^) yCw-fo-ne
Euphrate.",- a river of Mesopotamia (//'{/'■a'V.') yow-fra-toes
Euripus,- perpetual fluctuation. {i/cw.rlp.us) yu-ri.pus
Euroclydon,^ a tempestuous north-cast wind, yew-rok-lu-duu
European, 3 belonging to Europe. (i/u-roi)r-yuii)yo\v.TQ.\H'-an
Eurydice,- the wife of Orpheus, {(jtlw-rcdif/e) ycw.rld.o.so
Evergreen,- a shrub, the ivy, cypress, &.c. Ov-ur-grcno
Pwe,* a female sheep. Vulgarly culled jjo you.
Exactly,''' accurately, nicely, finely, (<'^•.^ac^/^') oks-act-lo
Exaggerate, 5 to heap up, aggravate. eks-ad-jar-uto
Exceeding,^ surprising, excessive, great. eks-sfed-inj^
Excern,^ to separate by straining out. {eks-urn) ck-surn
Kaehrip. A tnlciitcil writer i.s of opinion thni it Hliotild ho pronoiincnd cs-kew.
' F.scuUheon. fleraldry (intcK its orifMn iVoiii the liolti war.
Espionage. Would be lioiter rcprtt-iMitcd liy an ori},'iii!il of our own — cspirry.
Escheat\cs-tskrtc] Tills word, wiili tlioso, of cst/ich/o?' and f«c//rw, not being derived
from the learned lungua^uEi, liavur/t iirnnonnccd in tliR Kiiglisli manner.
Esquire. Thoae who possess an ollico of ,1001. per anninii under g()»ernini'nt, or an es-
tate of 5001. a year clear, are entitled, by ronrlesy, to the rank of <•.•<»/. It was tirst UBfd
by gentlemen of fortune in ]!)-!5; and is usually so introduced as to det'y connexion —
namely, Thomas Thorn, of Osbaldistone I'aik, near Truro, in the county of Cornwall,
£sq. — instead of beiiiR, as it oupht, subjoined to the name.
Etiguette. Not in Dr. Johnson, because unknown on the appearance of his dictioiiary.
Euripus. Comes from Euripus Eubnicus, that ebbs and flows seven times in a day.
EurocUjdnn. Called the seamen's plague. The same which proved so troublesome to
St. Paul and hla companions.
European. Agreeably to nnnlo(!y, s-hould be accented on the second syllable.
Evergretn. A bush composed of ever^rcjcns, and set against a house, atx'iently denoted
that wine was sold within : hence the proverb, " Good wine needs no bush."
Exaggrrate. Improperly pr(uinnnced with the doiil.ile/r hard, as cks-tiggur-afe.
Exceeding. Is usually accepted for ricriiinghj^ both by writers and sneakers, as — " He
» exceeding Wl." Vreviou.^ is also mischoscn in the same way; as — "Previous [previ-
ously] togoinii." Tills applies to other words of the same character.
Eumenes. le improperly pronounced in Iwn, when it should be three syllables.
Every ones eLscs, for every one else, is a common barbarism : if itidicaling possession,
is a bad phrii^, should then be— .Every one's nwn.
MANUAL 01' ouriiocrT.
IT
cks.fpJiilnjo
cksrliGk-ur
cks».kriHj.o-tat<i
oks.kro shun
Cks.okow.tur
Exchanfjc,'^ the act nf bnrtcriri;:.
Flxclic(iiior,- the cJop'd lor the piii^lic monoy.
Excise, 2 n method ol'riiisin^ inlan;l faxes.
Excogitate,-' to contrive, teifiii, invent.
Excretion,- ejection ofiinimul suhstfinco.
Executer," one who executes, or performs.
Executor,- of a will. (r/.-tr/c.fi./wr)okj>.ok.n.iur
Exempt,* to free from incnmbranct;. oks zCmt
Exem|)tion,- immunity. (ehs.'^nnp-fthan) cks-c'in-sliun
Exequies,'-^ funeral rites. ^ "Ig* f/i.v-<'-Aw.v. ok-Bo-kwcH
Exifjuous,^ diminutive, slender. {r/:s.ijij-yjfs)e\ia.ifr.u.\\a
Exile,''* banishment. Corruptly ckfi.ziJc. eks iln
Exody,- a departure from a place. uks.o.do
Expenso,'-' charnro, cost. Missprlt rxprnrr. nkflpt'oso
Export,-'* to send out. Misaccented as the 2. cks-ptirt
E.-cnott,- any thing carried out in tradic. Cks.porl?
Expostulate,"' to canvass with another, to debate, oks-pos-tu-lato
Expugn,^ to take by force, to overpower. eks.puno
Extempore,* without study. Vulg. r/is.f/m-porc. oks- to tn.pur.ro
Extortion,- an unlawful exaction, oppression. ckB-tor-shun [n
Extraordinary,-' more tlian common. eka.tra.or.tlincr.
I'iXuvifp,- marine bodies found in the earth. cks-zii-ve-o
Eye,- a town in Suflblk. Commonly called aye. i
Eyelid,- that which closes the eye. Mid
Eyesight,'-* the sense of soeini>-.' i.sito
Eyre,* the court of justices itinerant. (err.) nro
Eyry,- a place for tlio nests of birds of prey. a.ro
M J
r.Tchavirr. Is rojnrtcd, •iinong viilmr poi'sons, Cm- tlic vory low word of smnp.
Ki.i-lie(iai:r. IfH liiw ciimt whs ('iccifil hy ilid CoiiqiKTor, al'tor Iloliii of Normandy; and
go limned from tli-' party coloured I'lolli covcrinf; itslalilo.
Kxcisr.. 'Iliu stroiis; innaniii<; wliit:ii i'r. .Inlinsoii (mis upon tliis word, nroso from the
cirniiiiiHtaiico of liis father beiiifr m.'iirly riiiiu'd l>y cxci-c prosttcutions.
y.Tccutir ixmX Kxcnitor. Uaroly rlioseii correctly. Tin; Parisian rxrcvtionrr is bettfir
paid than tlie President of tlie Royal Court: and wlieii lately vacant, llirto wore 187 ap-
plicants, chiefly liiitclieis and old soldiers.
Kirmpt. In mUitary nffaim, means a Tjifei^nard'a m^n wlio \a pxnisfd doing duty.
Clergymen travelling iipondnty, if no residence, are exempt from inrnpikes.
Eritf. The verl) has the sainn strets, hut it.s adjective Is accented on tie,
RfMilii. Hence the appropriate name of the !!(>c>)nd book of Aloses.
Kxpostulate. A late wriK^r says, rkx-pon tshu late ; and is cleiirally followed.
F.xfrnt in aid. Seizure of property for the crown, by a writ called nn cwmt.
f'.rt raordinririj. Viil^nrly iitrawnary ; and by low liondoners, extrordnary.
F.xuriiB. Also old clothes; the slougli of a snake, hidn of a beast, or spoils in war.
Kxigtiiis. A Scythian abbot, livit!<; at Rome, A. D. 5:)(), first adopted the rliristinn.«r«.
F.zcaitinns. Their average ncniher in the roian of Henry VIH., was SIMM) annually.
I'.'jr. Formerly spelt aye, an ' ailed the island, because surrounded by n brook.
Note :— Exclamations that moan noilunj; as "gosdncss mr" " la morfam," Bliould bo
»voWed. D
18
MANUAL OF OKTItor.rV.
P.
Fuble,5 to invout ; '*an instructive fiction. fu bcl
Fabulous,'* fci;;ii(;d, invcntutl. ( fu-bciv-lun) C,ib.yu\v.)na
Fucotious,'J rf;iy, cliccrlul, liiir.ior.somo. ia.ho..lmH
Faction," ii parly, tinniilt, b.tuii(iuij, tJioCorJ. Ibk.Mliua
Factious,'' liiuJ and violent in u party. fulv.Hliu8
Factitious,^ inucio by art, crxintorl'cit. (fah-shus) tali-iiali-khug.
Fainly,:j weak. W'ust oI'Iuii^IuikJ l^iu. liunt-o
Fairtbrd,^ u small lown in (iloucocsttiHiiiio. larc-furd
Fallacious,-' deceitful, producin/r u niistaUo. fuMa-HliuH
Falsehood,- a cheat. Mis»\H'.\t fuUhoofl. fawIs.liooU
Famillc,''^ the family. Prop. ca-l\i>ii'dh:. (full) I'n.mwl
Famous,'' renowned, notiMl, ii.,5!iiifi;tii.slied. fa-mus
Farewell,' adieu. Is subject to four variations, tare.wul
Farinaceous,'' mealy, resembling or like meal, far.in.ubhua
Fasces," rods borne before ilie eon.>sn!s. (Jas-sLs) iVis.Hooz
Fascine,- a faggot, bundle used in war. (j'us-iu) lUs.buoa
Fatiguc,2 weariness, labor, toil. fa.tGo|f
Fatner,2 one who, or that which jjivcs increase, fat.nur
Faulhorn,3 a Swiss mountain 8,140 feet hi<:!i. fa,wl.urn
Fault,'-^ a crime, mistake, oli'ence. (7"/0 f'*^^''
Fealty,- homage, fidelity, loyalty. (Jai'-'c) fo.ul.to
Fearful,^ timorous. hn]-roperly /'cv /ii7. loor.ful
Feign,^ to invent. All"ectcdly^<'r/j. funo
Feigned," pretended, devised. {J'caii'd) faiio'd
F, varies only In of (ou.)
factious niid Factitious. TlinKC whn so striiiicivly cive tluHo words one uud tliu satiio
proniini'iittioii, i'Kr<'gioii)<ly iiiiii'^inc ilicir ineiiniiiij to In- tin; f.iuw.
Fairfunl. Iiscliiirci) iiiis 28 oi' ilii.- limst puiiKcil wiriiidW!) in l'ii;!l;iiid ; iiiid wiis nui-
pufi«>ly ereclt'd to ifceivt- llit'ni, by Joliii 'riinii-, ji nu;r<'liaiii, in III" n'i«n of Henry Vll.
Famous. A late writer, in uu); of lior |iiil)li<'ulii>ns, iiu>4 dc\'(;!i'tl ni\ cntiiu iiagu to ubusu
tills word, an nii>an and low. It is liy no uit'uii.s .so truatrU in oiii' tiuio.
.Varewell. Those variulionri iuv, fard iti I, j ar-wi /. and _/'«;• wi/.
Fashion. Writers upon unniiialicij liave a far'liiiiii ol producinu tlieir prnofu from our
best authors; neither allowinu for ilieajjc in wliich tlicy wrote, nor the errors wliicli iui'
JiercRptibly glide inio innltiplied edition.^'. An tlil.s lend.s to dihiii.ioli uur retipecl fur tliu
dboruof th(! scientilic, it dcseiN en s.-vere aiiiiuiiilveihioti.
Fatvci: This orthoyrnphy is vnlpar; ii shoiiM bi> j'.iUi nrr.
Fault. Aithon^h ortht)ep)sit< omit tin' I to tlic i>roiiuncialionurtliid word, yuta latconc,
questions their decision and calls it vulvar.
Fealty. Some orthocpists make it only two syllables, /«fji-tr.
Fearful. A celebrated orilioepiHt tiiiytifinful itr ftrfnl ; which i^ (in AniPrlcaii ism.
Fees (amount of) on induciion to a iivinu, in Liniolnshire, of lOUI. a year, is 'HH.
Fates, the three daughters of IVox and Krebus, — (Jlotlio. Laclicsi.s, and .\lropod.
Faulhurn. On whiuh there in a tavern, tln.'nee called the hif^hest in Europe.
Fairs and Markets were instiiuleil in Kiiifluad, by Alfred, about the year tJ8(i.
Farm, (.'cuius from /cur/Mf;; /j/viiii.>^/t, because supplying its owner with food.
Fudt-duys are annually pruclaiiucd by authority, in many of the American (States.
^^OTK '.-Wc arc much burdened with two meanings for Uie Kimo thing, asfatijucd, tir'd.
MAXUAT, OF onriror.rr.
10
{ jv.ro fth.r.tr) fo.ros.Fo-te
Short, far-til. rrir-iilo
Fell,' to ktiocic or beat donn. f«l
rellow,'- an CMpial. FrliHr is a CorlxDoyism. f, ilo
Folon,'^ onn puilty of foloiiy. (.'orniptly /V'-///;?. fri.iun
I'clonioiM,-' villnitious. Yulg^arU' ftl-litn-ux. foiono yuti
Folt," coiirso wool tM mnkn hnfs. fnlt
IVnco,- a ;rnar(l, .si'i'iirify, niclosurc. f<msr
Fcodiil,"' h»l(l rnini nnotlior. (fe-ii iil)\c.\v. d\i\
Fooir,'' to |Mit into poHsf's.oion. {jif)M
Fi'fotle,- Olio put in!o poM?c!;sion. (Jif-f)M.fv
Ferocious,^ savn^o, (Icroo. (/i'-ro.s-Aw/.s) f.i.rr..Hlin(»
Ferocity,' savn^fijf'nossi, crucify.
Fcrlilo,-* fiuilfiil.
I'crtility,- fruiiriilnoss, nbunclinco. rnr.il! o.te
Fcnila,'-' iiiHtnirnont i.yrd in «clioo!s. ( fcrfi-Jnh) fcr-n-la
Fescue,- n tliijij; usc«l to point out lott(!rs. fOs.kow
Festive,-' joyntis, pcrfaininp; fo forists. fos.tiv
Fetid,'' rank, sfronfr, oOensivo. (Jil-id) Ca.'ul
Fotifcrous,-' producin'jj young.
Fetus," nn animal in emI)ryo.
Feud," a quarrel. Vrom.fcod.
Feuillnfirc,'- a bunch of carved leaves. ( fi I -UdJc){Cw. i\.\ad}Q
Fe\('.r,'* a disease, beat. fc.vur
Fewer," a smaller number. Second de<Troo. f.'nv.nr
Fibre,- a small thread or root. {fc-hcr){i.\mr
Fiction,'' a story, invented tale. flk.sliun
fo.tif.or.us
fn.tUH
(fitde) fcwdo
i
)iie and tliu satuo
rd, yet n late one,
Frit. Thfi rommonnlty sny— " It i«< /,/?" (fnllrv). f must nrid, It nftnn mi/rratcn.
Frlliiir. Low fi'iTidoncrs iiivarinlily cli.'iiii'c mn, .-it llic t'lid of words, into er, or «r.
Frit. Inirodiipcd info J'ticliind hy tlio Hpiuiiuids iiiid Dtitrl.', in 1510.
Frnr.c. Tliotnriii n rhi/rfnrr, ns applird to nii rs'iiic, inenriH, tlint the lands which form
It lie continuous to cncU oihcr.
Froff. A hilc >vritor pives thf r n lonrr open pound ( .frrf-j hut is not follnwfd.
Fertile 'J'lie short nrri'iit, !IH iihovn, is ninut iniproppr." Tlie fertility of Eevpt is BUCb,
that it r(!(iuirf'B m- niucli rare to prevent plants choaiting carh otlutr, ns in other countrira
to cultivate the soil.
Fitiis. Its Coinii'r orthoj:rppl;y, /()"f?(.o, isohsoletn. Tho saipo applies fo/rr irf.
Fever, lis Tiii'al days .-ire lliV :t(l, Tiih, Till, iltli, Jlth, 1-Jtli, 17tli, and iJdth.
Fewer. I should linaL'liie tins word lo be better, and certainly more correct, than less,
in the phrase — '• \o/ ..•s than a liMudred."
Fiacre, (a Parisian hack) bpcnnse .S7.J7arrris painted on the ro?nh panel.
Fci. lin) aud Cairo, llie hueeiu are so iiairuw, that even two camels cannot pass abreast.
!ifutijued, tir'd
NoTt::— Tho rominnnnp«s of rertain Onclfneyjpms scattered throughout 77ie Manual,
is not to he adduced as an nrjiiiineiit for their omission ; ^ince, from the peculiar organi-
-rntion of the state, all ranks of tin? couiiniiniiy are incessantly inti>riningling. Moreover,
Londoners are too apt to value thenisclves upon their correct speakiiii', and to imagine
that those only are in fault who would attempt to convince them that they are so.
20
MAMAL or ORTIIOKI'V.
Fictitious,' couiiteifuit, iulsp, empty. (_//A-*A(/a) fik-tish-shui
Fiddler," a musiciuii. Wrongly sjiclty/a'/tr. fid.lur
Fiducial,^ confident, certain, steady. fi.dew.shul
Fief," a fee, manor, homat^e. (.///) feef
Fieldfare," a bird of tiie thrush kind. (/«//) fcl.faio
Field-marshal,- connnandcr of an army in the
field inar-shul
Corru[jLly find, fccnd
ieort-o
H
fite
field.
Fiend,* a demon.
Fierce,** savage, ravenous vehomeii!;
Fig,'^ a fruit. There are '27 varionos.
Fight,2 a battle, combat, duel, contest.
Figure," a number. Coarsely Ci\\\Q<\ fig-gurAig mv
Figured,^ formed, cast, represented. tig.urd
Filberd,^ a kind of fine hazel-nut. {Jil-bird)i'i[.\)UTt
Filial,"* belonging to, or becoming, a son. filyul
Fillip,^ to strike with the (in;;or nail. fiMip
Filtration,- the act or art of filtering. (ii-truslma
Finance,''^ a revenue, income, prutit. (/e.«cr»Ae) ii-nuntz
Financier," farmer of the revenue. {Jenaiishur)iuna.n.iihvot
Finesse," artifice, siratagem. • {fuU)iin.cas
Finis,2 the end ; conclusion of a thing. (JinLsh) fi.uis
Finish,^ to perfect, coni[»lele, end. fln.ish
Fii'st,*"* chief, (jusl) F'tmlly ia barbarous. lurst
Fitz," a French word signifying son. fits
Flaccid, 3 lax, weak. Corru|illyy/rtA'.,9/(/. ihik-sid
Flageolet,^ small flute. Also written //tf^f/e/. fladj.cl.ut
Flagitious,^ very wicked. [Jla-git.vs) fla-gish-shui
Flambeau," a wax light or torch. V\. Jlambcaux iiixm.ho
Fictxtiou!'. BonxHiines ppi'lt./fr'/.-'irf ; but so raroly, as to lie uliiiost o^ *<>l(rtc
Fiduciiil. M\ii-<mMn»iiuA{\jijoii.'</,ul : an cnor iliiii liao tbuiul iin way lo tliu bar and on
ihc Etagc. Its compounds are trcatt d in niiicli liie e^amo luanuur.
Fief. This is the noun lo ihi> vorb/roj/', whicii ist-e.
Fierce. Also c&lh'd /<rse ; in higli iavor with thi-ntricals.
Filberd. Freqncnily spi'li///;cr<. So iiarin-d Aoin Cliillippert, Kiiij? of Franco.
Fire. In Con8tantiMO))le hirge tircsi, (I(\-ilroyini! tiinKircds ot" lifius-es at once, geTiPrally
precede u political change?, or accompany popular coiuinotiun. TJiu average number of
fires in London, is upwards of /or,'// annually.
Mag-officcr.i. Are the adniital, vicivadniiriil, and rear-admiral, of Iho wliite, red and
l)iUe. in 1487 his full pay was 4s. daily, (lisi half-pay is nnw "25s. per diem.
Ficldmarskal. Was created in \T.Vi, and lirst confcned on the I Mike of Argyle.
Figures (arithmetic) were hronjilit fiiiiii Arabia mi : and to England about 1200.
F^g. Esteeni*'d by the Uotnau;-, who, in Cain's time, had six, but riiny's, iS) SOIL'S.
Finis. Is se' ■ -m pronounced correctly ; and often i onloundcd with the verb.
Fitz. An Iruh adjunct ; and in F.iipland, to the Uin^'.x natural son, as Fiti-nnj.
First Enr.ii^ii book au''tion recorded, was Ur. IScanian'H library, in l(»7t'. One of the
senrcest • j^.vx Is'iOdeau's l^ricrrs it JSIcditatiuncn, ele. lOlS, copies only were printed.
Firot literary journal was the '■'.lounml des Scavan.i,''' published Jan. -l, lU(i5.
V'-'.v ARISMH ; — Flamboij t'nrflavihriiu, iuvljip pence for^o«-pence : with febevery, far-
dtn,faQk,Jift, and icn foot, i'ot, fcbruari/, farliiiiii', fact, fifth, and len/ttt.
JrfAM'AL or oRvnotipi.
St
fik-tish-Bhui
Hd.lur
fi-ddw.sliul
feof
fcl-furo
field inar-shu!
feciid
cor so
Ififf
ilc
fjg ur
hg-urd
I'll-burt
fil.yul
Hl.lip
iil-trushuii
ii-nuntz
fi-nan.t$ht~cr
fin. CSS
tl-nh
fin.ish
t'urst
fits
[liik.sid
fliulj-el-ut
[liUffish-shm
luin-bo
t o^ «>i(!tc.
ay lo tilt) bar and on
g of Franco.
!s at once, Keiiorally
avemge nunibur of
f the white, red and
(lilMM.
c! of Argvlo.
ml iibout 1200.
linyV, 2<» sorts.
I the; verb,
as I'iti-roy.
II U'tiV. One of the
s only were printed.
II. .), 16(i5.
with febev cry, far'
ilfSii.
Flatulent,-'' windy, pully, empty
fliit-yew-lent
I
Flea,- u small insect of remurkublo a<:;ili(y. fle
Fleain,^ a cattle doctor's Uincot. Xu\<^.Jlca7n. flome
Fletcher,- one who makes hows and arrows. flutsh-ur
Flf.\ioii,~ the act ofheiidiiig, cast. (Jleks-ijun) iiak-nhun
Flicker,^ to 'lutter, play the wiu^rs, laugh. flik kur
Flight,- running awiiy, escape, sally. llito
p'loat,^ to swim on the surluco, deluge. floio
Flop,'"' to move tho wings. Flap is hetter. flop
Florin,'-^ a coin first made hy tho Florentines. flor.rin
Florisfj^ono who cnltivales flowers. {Jli)r.riiil)i\onfii
Flosculous,-' com
anis
)osed oC, or like, flowor.s.
fl(3s-ku-lu9
Flota,- the Spanish plate licet, lurmerly sent an-
nually lo ihe West Indies. iir..ia
Flour,- corn groiuul. {^ftow-ur) Hoa-ur
Floiirisli,'' to thrive, boast, adorn, cut. lUir-ish
Flue,- soft down ; the |)ipc o(" a chimney, flew
Fluxion,- a flowing of humor.s, a melting. liuk.shun
Flyblow,^ to fill with maggots. {fe.blo){]i.h\o
Foal,- tho offspring of a mare. {fo-ul)fo\e
Foanj,^ to gather I'rotli, he in a rage. foino
Fob,'' to cheat, trick, defraud. A low word. fob
Fodder,'- food for cattle. Anciently /b//^c/•. fod-nr
Folio,'-^ a book of two leaves lo a sheet. fo.lc o
Folk,- people coilociivcly. (full) foke
Foolscap,- a head dress worn in schools. ibolskap
Foot,- a measure of length. Vulg. fut. foot
Footsoldier,- origin, with a Spanish infanta. fuot.solo-jur
Thttulrvt. Its flist fonr letters are, for tiio most pjirt, convcrtnd intoJlotsAi
Vlay. Tostrip off tlie skin : id vulgarly proncninced as if wiitten^cu.
VIca. Cbwe observers s;;y it leaps a thousand times its own lengtli. Also a verb.
Flc.ih. The terin/csAniarket, in Scotland, means butchers' shambles, or stalls.
Flctc/icr. The trade was lirst "xercised in I'^imlaiid, about the year lOtiG.
i'ttiat. In some of our lie.vicons, the piouunciaiion is chosen for its onhojiraphy, an in-
novation hl;;lily untenalile : hence thi, student is not only to be vigilant aufaiust a falsD
urtho('|iy, but inindt'nl also that he is not <>i|ually misled by a bad orthography.
Vlofin. A coin of uncertain value : whilst in (Germany it passes for 4s. Od., in Holland
it fetches only 2s., and (!(|ually fluctuates in all the petty slates upon the Continent.
Florist. If we follow its ori;:inal, should be short, nn florid anil Jlor in.
Flour. Ur. .Tohnson, under the article, /iuiccc, admits this as its orthography.
Flowers- Ttieir perspiration is considerable, much greater than in man.
FofT. In 18i:i-14, one set in on Chrislmas-day, which lasted till February.
Folio. Properly sigrillics a leaf, but frecpiently confounded with page.
Folk. The addition of .v is becoming freiiuent, though uncalled for.
Foolsrnp-papir : because the water-mark is a zany's head : cap and bells.
Fools ofilie I'Vench ICings, were ani'i(;ntly supplied fromTroyes, in Champagne.
^^or. Often UHcd superfluously, " its nut Iuwt'u)/ur to put tliuiu iu tho truutiury.'*
y; *^ir -i
■H Si
32
MANUAL OF OUTIIOEPT?.
!l
Forage,^ food, search for provisions, (for-idj) ftr.edj
Forehend,2 upper part ot the head. ( fw//) for.hed
Foreign,-' of another country, not domestic. for.in
Foreigner,^ belonging to another country. fdr.in-cr
Foreknow,5to know beforehand, to foresee. fore.ro
Forensic,^ belonging to judicial courts. fo.rensik
Forfeit,- forfeited, liable to seizure. lor.fit
Forfend,^ to prevent, hinder. if^Kf'^'^^) foreft'nd
Forger,^ one who forges. Corruptly ./br^rrrrr. fore-jur
Forlorn*^ destitute. Improperly /br.7o///7. for.lnrn
Form,*^ shape, beauty, elegance. form
Fornicator,* an adulterer. Usually ybrmVia/or. for.neka.tur
Fortin,^ k small fort. furt.in
Fortune," chance, portion, riclios, estate. fr.r.fshunc
Forum,~a court of justice, market placc( /^ir-r?/;??) fo.rum
Fosse,^ a ditch, or moat. Comnjonly _/)///. fos
Fosseway,- a great Roman road in Eng. {full) fuss.wa
Foundling,*^ an exposed infant. {fond-lin) ^oMnA.Wrt^
Fourbe,- a tricking fellow. French /or7>». foorb
Fracas," tumult, uproar. Vulgarly /"m-Aer.*?. fra-kiiw
Fragile'^ brittle. {fi'<J(l)-ilc)UMVy\\
Fragrant,-* sweet smelling. Com. f/ulir.grunt. fni-grunt
Fraicheur," freshness, coolness. { Jra-zJie ir) fra-KUvar
Fraugii'U- a freight, cargo, lading. (//*^''/) frfuvt
Freight,2 ship's lading. Formerly y'/vr/^cf/'/. frato
Frenetic,^ distracted, mad. ( Jh'n.rf.il,) frc-nct-ik
Frequent,^ to visit often, resort to. (//rA-Awfin/jfrckwcnt
Torfn't. Ry a Roman 'n\v, Irfrnrlos to Inrhihtrf wrro forfpifni fo fho sfatP.
Tnrfcnil. Us unintelli(!ibilily to plain mnl<'isiiiii(liii;rs leiidurs it next to iisfless.
Form. .Vhen a lonfi seat, or cln«s ofFttiileuls, lias flu; o soniKifd as in /our.
Vortin. Its orthography and ortliofpy, often inisrcprcscnJ the next word.
Yortuitous. As the ncceiil is atier the t, it drops ihi^ lli^^ill(r pound, :is in fnrtunr.
Vortune. It8 orthoepy is sometimes di>i|Mited, Imf l>y those who ravil with a straw.
Fovgki. And he/« (fnvtrht). The iVecitieiipy oCthi.« iinpnrity may well excuse its tip-
(icarance here, exclusive otanothe'np<ilii!'y to lie Ibnnd 'xmUrt Jdloic.
Foundliiis: Its cor.kiieyifni oVjondliiinr jsiniirh addicted to /ravrllinir.
Fork. Orif!innl!y hrouitht from lialy. We put it on the lei't oi' the plaic; a German in
it : a Frenchinan u.ses it alone, and r Kus-iaii an a toothpick.
Forest of Fit trick, Scotland, yield« 2(iOI. a year, hut it« keeper's salary is IIOOI.
Torcr. Armed force ol'Europi-, on a peace esi.ilili>hnienf, is ^..^Ofl.tKHJ men.
Forgrrits. Average los« ot'the liank ot'Ensland hy Ibrserierf is 40,iK)(tl. annually.
Fracas. Introduced from France, liy our annual iiii^rations to and iVum thence.
French. The last French war, eiulins 1HI.5, a<lded o()l,'.)7.5,8ril. loom- national debt ; ex-
clusive of TTOj niillions of direct and indirect taxes.
Freveu language contributes TrfMH) words to ours ; the I^atin TOOt) ; tlic Saxon 1700, Fpain
96 only, and twenty seven other tongues make up the remainder.
NoTKi— A mpmber of Parliament may frank ton, and receive fifltecn letters daily. Thii
Tirivilege in calculated to deprive llie revanue of 300,00(H. a year.
MANUAL OF OUTIIor.i'Y.
23
Frequent,^ often clone. Corrupllyy/"/'/l:.7i:M,'e/i/. fre.kwent
Fret,- astruit of the sea. Also sf)elt Frith. iret
Friburg,- capital of Brisgaw, Geruiaiiy. (/«//) fiG-hurg
Frieze,- a term in aieliilecture, a cloth. {J'r'a)iiocz\i
Fri;.';ht,- sudden terror, a scarecrow. fiiio
Frigid,"^ cold, dull, unmoved. frulj-cd
Friseur,;i a hair-dresscr. Corruptly. /Vc-zecr. n-e-zhuio
Frith," a strait. That of FuiLh \mscA\cd farth. fVyih
Front,- the face. Sonietimcs as written, frunt
Frontigniac,- a rich French wine. {froidignal){xonXu\.fi.k)s.
Fructuous,"* fruitful, fertile. (./^"w<':-A')^w5)fruk-lew.us
Fruition," enjoyment, possession, pleasure. frcw-ish-shun
Fruiterer,- a dealer in fruit. From //v/Zier. f,uie-ur-ur
Frumenty,- wheat hoilcd in milk. (//•u//i.e;i-fe)fru.inen.io
Frustration,2 disappointment, del'eat. frua-tru-slmn
Fuh,5 to put olf. Usually written /o6. fub
Fugh,*" expressing dislike or aversion. few
Fugue,2 a term in music. {fcw-gcir) fuvvg
Fumette,2 a rank smell of meat. {/«//) ftw-mot
Function," an employ nient, an occupation. funk-shun
Funeral,^ the solemnization of a burial. few-nur-rul
Funereal,"^ dark, mournful, solemn, iownc-ro-ul
Fungous,^ soft, 0'"tcn put for India-ruhhcr. fuiig.us
Furious,-^ mad, frantic. IJsuallyyi/vr-yw*. few-re.ua
Furlough, 2 leave of absence from duty. fur-Io
Further,'' to assist. Some. /I/zV/itr {furdur) iur-ihur
Fusion,'' the state of being melted. 11 w.zhuu
i\.
; a Gormnn In
xonlTOO, Ppain
KT» daily. Thit
Fret. So named from the a}.'ltation of liswalers; as the Frith of Forth.
YroiU. Some enunciate n, as in fruntiir, but the winiiiKer party, as in tou.
Yruvieiity. Coiiiinoiily vjniwnfui-mcntij, and corruptly called /«r-n(t-f/;.
Vreiich curate. His (ireatest stipend, even in I'ari.-i, is but 401. per annum.
friction of guineas is I ; half Kuineas 2 ; atid shillinfis") per cent in 10 years.
"Frcqavnt, and the verb are ccjuiuioiily confounded ; whilst its no\Xii frequence, is apt to
be changed, in pronuncialion, like the verb and adjective.
Vugh. Called /<*/ by aoine, from an idea that «•/*, on ending words, always sound like/.
Vugae. Often pronouncid iis if written fujc.
Fun. Dr. Johnson says that it is kigk merrtinvnt ; but, with submission to the Doctor, I
should rather lake it to be/ow vn.rriiuciU.
Viinerciil. Is in writinij anil spiiikiii^, ireiu^rnlly confounded with the noun.
Vuneral. The belief that lis passaae ('Siablislit;M a risjhtof way, is erroneous. In moving
to its destination, a funeral is compelled, le{,'ully , to talve the \i\\!,\\ road.
Varies. The daughters of Nox aiul .\clieron — .Electa, MegOira, andTisiphonc.
Vurthcr. Query — further, a desijin ; further, at a distance '•
Vu.^i.L A<'(!ordins to its derivaiion, should be written /«a77«.
Vusion. The sniallneHs of \ariHtion between the souiid of the letter* and :, in doubtftil
eituatioHH, has induced i.any writers, when the former precedes a vowel, to give it the
proiiunciailuu of Uic iatl«r. Tl:u appliiuiiun of this rule must be governed by ciicuiu-
«taiice4.
24
MAVTUAL or onriiocrv.
Fiiss,~ a stir. Oflc.i viil<:arisctl fusJc.
Fustian,^ n kind of cloth, swelling -tyle.
Futile,-' trillings, \vr.rthlo^<.s, silly. {fcir-fil)
Future,^ that which is to comn. \[i]{r.jcio-(ur.
Futurity,^ a tuturo state or time, {feiv4u-re.tr)
G.
Gabble,^ loud talk witliont moaning.
Gablc,2 the sloping end or roof of a building.
Gad,'' to wander abo\)t idly.
Gadfly,^ a fly that stings cattle. {^ad-f.r)
Gairish,'^ gaudy, showy, insignificant. {pi^l)
Gala,2 a grand or high festivity. {^oh-lah)
Galaxy," a milky way in the sky. (^dl-hiks.r)
Galen,- an eminent physician of Pcr^amus.
Gallant,"' possessing tl.e qualities of bravery.
Gallant," a suitor attendant upotj a lady.
Gallantry,- bravery, crenorosity, courage.
Galleon,- a large ship with fou.r decks, {(ral-ynn)
Gallicism,^ a peculiarity ot the French tongue.
Galloon,2 a kind of lace, riband, or binding.
Galloway,'-^ a horse, under It hands high (galwa)
Gallows,2 a tree of execution for criminals.
Galoche,- a shoe worn mer another. Vulgarly
gal-lwih. Plu. palochcz.
Galvanism,- a species of electricity.
Gammer," mistress, neignbour.
(gam:i^ar)
fns
fi1fi.(sliiin
fow-tilo
fow-tshur
few-tcsvro to
{rn,b.!>ul
oTul.fli*
garish
gfi-hi
gfuliiks.se
gfi.len
gal.) lint
gnl-Iant
gal.lnnt-ro
gnl-liiiie
gal.li.aiz-cm
gnl-lune
g.ll.lo-wa
gal-lus
ga-losho
gill.vnn-iz.em
gfuii-Tiiur
Fiiturr. Ponio wrifers, lint not c<^nprnl1y. civp it llic lonsFnnnd nffr.w-t.i7iii>r.
Vntiirittt- Tho \v.x\vr t preserves its pure Hniind in tliis woid, lull not in tliut tyf future ;
because the accent follows in tlio IbinuT, and precedes in Ilie littler.
O. Is silent before w, on beginninf words, n'^ gnnsh {nnfi!i). VUniMXPf arrnrdinu to posi-
tion, as! ii: llie wou eive (ju-iji), Aruives (nr-Jiri-.i.) We have cenerally a strong pro|>ensity
to pmnonnce ir liaid in this word, as thai o\' frirr ; ff, or t/J is its soft sonnd.
(lad. Also applied, by the Arabians, to whatever they esteem liood and benefirenf.
(faia. Some diversity of opinion pv'vails as to the pronuNriation of this word, arising
from onr excessive fondness for the Trench accent. Tie above orthoepy is that of our
best speakers.
Galaxy. Some writers make the first ■ in tliis word short, whilst I have mia'Tle it long,
as above", conceiving it to be tlie best nsaye. It is produ(>'d by an innumerablo number
of invisible stars.
fialen wrote ilOO books, 30 of which were burnt aloncr witn the Temple of Pcacf.
Callant. Its derivative, ^aZ/i:?!*;-;/, retains the sani(( accent as its primitive, in opposi-
tion to tlie adjective preeedinpr, with which il '< Mstornarlly cont'eiinded.
(raHoir.v. The last .syllablf, like that ofbelliirs, is corrupted lieyond recovery.
Galley wnnil. Common, Unnifoid, losses, vulparised, by low rustics, ^«//«jf,s-j/i(7rt/?.
Galloway. Su[)posed issue of a stallion ttiat swam ashore from thn S|)anish nruiadn.
Galvanism. Discovered acciilenlally by professor M. (Salvani, of I'olognn, in lialy.
Galnchc. Formerly obsolete, but now resiori'd. IVoi in .Inlmsun.
Claming-hnusri. 1'hoS'" of Paris pay the government a tax of 0,50,0001, annually.
.1
■.-»^.»» ii . imir. i iiM< i WB i| Wii |i iwwiWHK««i«ff~~»-»»«>
MANUAL or OUTUOKl'V.
3&
Gamut,'-' llio first note. Invented in 1020. gam.mut
(ianpieno,- a mortification. Vul;;. gdnrr-grvn. gun. green
Gantlet,' a n-.ilitnry pnnisliment. 'J'lie i)r()j)«>r gani.lot
word is gaiUelopc. lmpro]K'r\y itratrnt-Ict.
Gaol,- a prison. Some {ormally cjill it x,'-o/^;. juil
Gnpe,'"' to open tlio mon li, yawn. ^ nlo-. sranp. jf^pe
<iapeseed," soincihinnr to stare at. (i^aupscdc) gLpe-seed
Gaseonade,"-a bosisl, brag, bravado. gas.kun-aid
Gat, tlio preterit of /,'r/. Now disused. gat
Gaufije,'' to measure tlic contents ol'a vessel. g^iifJje
Gazette," the state nevvs[)aper. (,i,'cl»'.r/) gn-zot
Gazetteer," a book, news-writer. (,^dz-ut./ur) gn.-/.ei.iloT
Geek," a bubble. In Ireland called fjotr. (jil>)ge>k
Gelly,-'' a sizy broth. Generally spelt jc//?/.jciio
Gclder-rose," a plant. \'u!;2;arly f;il(lcr-rosc. yi-i.dur-roso
Gentian,- a bitter plant. Gorru})tly ;c/?/.yii/i. jcn.sliun
Gemini," the twins, also a vulgar inlcrjccfion. jGrn.me-ne
Genealojiy,- ("amily history. Vnlg. /fiA/li/oyr.jon-e-al-o.jo
General,^ usual, common. Corruptly 7,'n-rj//.jfiii.er.al
Genet,- a small Spanish horse. (./i/i/7)jcn.et
Geneva," the spirit of juniper. {jrn-e.vah)je.iice.vuh
Genial,'' tendin<^ to cheertlilncss. (./Vv; -?/«//) jc.ne-yul
Genius," wit, talent. { je-nufi)jc. ne-us
Genuine,^ original. In AmericaJe/i-M-me. jen-yew-in
>I. nnnually.
€!nnl. Its ortlioepy is rommonly siilif^fitiifod for its nrthnjrnphy.
Gape. lis pr(ii;iiii('iniii>M is iilsd rniitouiiiieii wlili tliai of fra/i, h linle in tlie wall.
Ciascnnudc. Frmii Ww (iiiHcons, k ixiwiud lor \\w. i(l(nliri'> of s( iiso .'iiul courage.
Oamlkiiul. An eqiinl division ot" lauds. Tim an. Iimu ciisMiin oftiic kingdom; which
Hill li'iimins ill Kt'iil, Urr/ionjii Id, llcicloid.-hirc, juid i^oinc otlitT pnrlb.
Gazette. J'Mrst priiiicd in Itnly, and imini'd nt'ter the VAiictian coin, ^azcfta, ita origi-
nal price. ForuKirly, and l)y l>r. .lohnsoii, acc<;nl('d on the first syllahlc.
(}aictt!'>'rs. Old ones lin.sli tln'ii- (!iscri|itlon of a place, tlins — "Distant from London
10 computed (ill.t Is, as the crow tiles) and HO mvaxurcd. miles."
Gniiicif. Tlie Koni.ms liad three sorts, naniely, sacred, honorary, and ludicrous.
Gardni (rn:t)iM Rome, was tiiatol '/'ari/iiiiiiis .S«()('/-/jh.«. The exotics in ours are 11970.
Gun for liriraii is, in iiii'.ny diclnniaries, disirihiiled amoiijrst their regular words.
Oass liglit^ t\\' LondiMi consume upwards of 40,(MM) chaldmiis of coul annually. Any
faciory re<piiriii'z more than liliy liu'lits, would tind a fia.ss apparatus clieapc'r.
Gin.Uirmes. French cavalry soldieis. Iiecaiise aiicienily clad in complete armor.
Gcnralogy. Pronounced niMi liy olher speakers ^f/ico/e/rj/. And ^rrf, vulgarly ^'I't.
Geniuti. Men of genius seldom ii\e lo u (:itai iisie: the excitement which they feci, act-
ing physically on the hraiii, tends lo shorten the duration of life.
Griitry. This word is supplied hy the caiiniUr, vvilh those i)\' gevtle-people.
Gcndtr. .Many Freiicli wmds are, at tli(! same lime, both masculine and feminine.
Gcncralhsiiiio. (^'ardinal Richelieu invented it on leading n French army into Italy.
Gentleman. Our ancestors used the word Jledlcman : now means any person that doeg
not follow a low Ijiisiiu^ss. Ours is the only E -.ropean language in which the address to
a mixed assemiily run.« — ' Tjadic.^ and (iniihiiicn,' even our polite neighbours say — 'Mca*
aitura et .Mcsdamcs. Gentleman, in .\mcricn, means simply a well behaved citizen.
in m
ill
S6
MANUAL OF ORTHOfiJ'r.
Geometry,- the science of quantity, (jom-f./re) jc.r.m.filro
Georgic,"-* a poem on agriculture. (jV-//7r) jo-or-jik
Geranium,- a llower. 132 8j)ecies. (^^7•c^/////i)jo.ri^.no.^lrl\
Gherkin,'-^ a ciicumher fur pickliiifr. (jiir-kin)gcir.kin
Gib or Gibbe,2 any kind of worn oni animal. (//7/) jrii,
Gigot,^ file hip joint. ImproptM'h /.''^-w/.jig-ut
Girdle,^ to cut a circle round a tree's base. purd.cl
Gibberish," cant words. (jib-ur-ish) ^Wuhur-iah
Giblets,' parts of a goose or duck. (^'.'/^jjib.leis
Gill,2 the fourth part of a pint. jii
Gilliflower,^ a very fine flower. (.^"Z/) jiuie.flou-ur
Gim,-' neat, spruce, gay. An old icord, iim
Gimbaldj^a kind of double ring. {gimh-vlt)\\m.\nM
Gimblot," a borer for nails. Usually giinblet. gim-lut
Gimmer, 2 a movement, machinery, (j im -inur) gnn-nmr
Gin, 2 a trap, snare. Also applied to the spirit. ym
Gingival, ■' belonging to the germs. (ifZ/Ojin-jl-val
Girandole,2 a branched candlestick, (jerandii]) ^nr-un-dolo
Glacis,2 a sloping bank in fortification. {gJas-is )g]a.sce7.
Gladiator,2 a prize fighter of ancient Rome. gkid-ca-tur
Glazier," a maker of glass windows, (^/az-?^;') gla-zhur
Glebe,'- the land revenue of a benefice. glebe
ij
Geography. And in ffrngraphrr n living ortliocpist mninfnins ffcnrr to he nne syll.nlilp,
and two in geographical i\i\i\ g< iigraiiliicallii. .Sliidicil by i\w lijilnloiiians anil KuNptians :
thence paired to the Greeks, Konians, and Aialiians. It wa»i so little Km vn in i:<44, that
our arnl)nsgador, beinj; at tlif> jiapal court when tlie Pope conferred the I'''orUinate Islands
(the Canaries) upon the king uC Spain, iinrried lionic in alarm, to inlbrai his yuvernniunt
Uiat the Prince of Spain liad heen made King nf Kiialand.
Oiblctn. Here g sliifts to its soft sound, which perplexes tlic tinlearned.
(iill. When part of a fish, the i is tlHMi pr()nonn(:e<l hard, as \nhill.
Ciillijlowcr. Broufiht from France ; as W(;re (Jariiations ami the Provence rose.
Gim or g mill y : eitlier of its meaning's is f)r(!(iialile. Also vnlL'arisni t'nr ginc.
Gin. From its baneful effects, may well be teinieJ the trafi of destrnciion. It rnme
originally from Schiedam, near Uouerdam ; hence culled Iwllands. 17,000,0001. were
■pent in £nf;lnnd, 1831, on distilled spirits.
Girdle. This kills the tree: much practisfrtin the woods of America and Canada.
Gipscy. Came from E;;ypt to England, 15i;i: supposed of Hiiidn origin. Their King
Charles Lte, died on Lewes race course, IKt-J, h uviiij; 50 children and firundchildren.
Glacis. Has many advocates for j)lacin^'tlie accent on the last s'yKahle.
Gleaning in the harvest field, is allow(,'d by courlesy, hut not by the law.
Ocrmaniciis' reward to his soldiers was a chain, bracelet, spear, or oak branch.
German.^ (the) have two sorts of miles, a Iom}i and short, tliis(i,8.''>!), and that 10,120 yards.
Gla.ttonbury-thorn, at ihc abbey, Somerset,— because it blossoms on christmusday, is
called the holy thorn. Here were found, in 1189, the remains of King Arthur.
Gladiatorial diversions, borrowed from the ./l.iiatics, were put down by Ifunorius.
Glutton. As Albinus an ancient British Fmjieror, who sometimes ate 500 flgs, 100
peaches, 20lbs of dry raisins, 10 melons, ami 100 oystiMs for breakfast I
Glaus was first used as windows in the third century of the christian trra.
Gloucester. Usually written ^/H.'tcr. Gloving I'or glove trade is barbarous.
Gloria Patri. Because the first two w«)rds were performed in Latin. Onijinallj' »f-
ipninted by Pope Damaeus : and first used in '38^.
MANT'aL OV OIJTIIOEI'T.
UM
<rfiasli,5 fo ^riii'' the teeth in rajro or fury. (full)
(roal,"-' u startiujf post, i)rison, linal purpose.
Gobelins,- a iKtcd manufactory in Paris.
(Toblct,- a largo drinkinir cup.
Gohl,^ the most |)reciouy metal. Vuli; goold
Gome,- black grease ol'a cart-wheel. (.'om. coom.
Good hye,'-^ contraction ot" (Jod he with you.
Gorgeous,-' line, showy, glittering. (gor-jus)
Gooseberry,- a I'ruit. VVe have 24 sorts.
Gorget,'^ neck armor, worn on duty. (gorgiif)
Gouge,- a chisel with a round edge. {g"fO)
(lovernment,'^ executive power, {gnv-nr-ment)
Gown,- an upper garment. Vulgarly gownd.
Grace,'"^ in trade, extension of payment.
(Jraft,-' to insert a branch. Properly ,^rr/^.
(rrammar,2 writing correctly, linpro. grammar.
Granary ,2 a corn storehouse. Cor. grain -tiur -re.
Grand climacteric,'- (5;M year. The 7th, 21st,
35th, 49th, and 5Gth, arcj als^o critical.
Grass-plot,^ a piecf; of short grass, [grns-plal)
Grave,'i a town in Brabant. {as .spelt)
(irapes,'- a fruit. T!iere are Gl varieties.
(iravelines,2 a French sea-port. (f^^^)
Grecian,"' belonging to Greece, (greske-shun)
Greet, "^ to salute, lias two opposite meanings.
Grenadier,'-^ a soldier. Formerly granadier.
nash
fjole
gobe-leons
goh-lut
gold
goino
gdod.bi
gnr-je.u»
goose-ber-r*
gor-jet
goudj
guv-urn-inonl
goun
grase
graft
griltn-ur
grin-ur-e
kli-tnuk.tur-ik
gras-plot
grarvo
grapes
grav-leen
gre-shun
grete
gran-e-deer
Coal. VVitli pnol, and jail arc vny fri'riuoiitly snl)stitutpd and exclianged.
iiohrUiis. Estal)lislicd by Ii()uisX[V^ lor proiliK-iions t ' emhullisli liis palaces.
(ii)lilct. Properly witlioiit a loot, thai its cciiti'iils may be cleared at ndrauglit. .
iinlii. Its viiL'aiisiii orijiiiiati'd with siij oiilinejiist wriiitij; it as either ^oW or ^ooW.
First coined in Kii){laiid in tlie rei<.'ii ol' Cii:ii>l,,l/!i, id\hi}r of I'aractacus.
iionc. Should be .substituted tor .v nt, in tlie jilirnse-' hdui;, had, or having went.
God naoc the Khifr, is of (loiibil'iil orii.in, but was <iiiii)iost(i by Or. Hull of the Chap6l
Royal, and lirst became popiilar thniiijili Dr. Artie, in ilie Irisli rebellion of 174(j.
linldi'n agr. Frotti the iniKiceiii e of its maimers, and yiinplicity of its food.
Goneniiiii lit- "A misitiidei.st!iii(litiir l)''tweeii (</iCf:overiinient atid the Bank Directors.'*
Ouuamaii's I'hld.i. From one .loliu CiiKidinan, Who, iti Stowes' time, bad a farm here.
GooU-natiirrd. (the French Itavinj' no woid (or) are charced with the want of it.
Grace. In Eni/laiid, dayn of ^r/-,M', npoti the lalliii!; due of a bill of e.xcliange are 3; at
Rome,.!; Holtrrdam, (i ; Paris, 10; IlaiiibiirL'li, 1- ; and Antwerp, 14.
Gravd. Strewed in London, before a srateway, implies an entry to a livery stable.
Greck.v fiiiicient) were -.'relit l()v('rs of tisli, f;iill no mention is made of this in the Iliad-
They ii.sed c!i|iital letters only, and were totally icnorant of punctuation.
Greet. iNamidy, to rejoice and to roiiiplaiii. Vide Chaucer and Spunaer.
Grand canal of Ni^w York, i.'xteiids 350 miles, and joins the Hudson River to Lake Erie.
Graces, arc! the dauizhters of .lu|)iter tind Ktirytiome — Aglaia, Euphrosyne, & Thalia.
Great ijrttat'n, France, Geruiany, part of Austria & Prussia, are noted fur learned men.
KoTi:— John O'Groat's house, in the Orkneys,— meaning, the cxtrcmeties of Scotlanilt
.Mi>
':)
i|
M
MAMAL or oiiTTiorry.
Gretna Grcen,'^ in DutnlVics.Mh. l*ro]». Graitncii.
Grievous,*' alrlictivo, heavy. Vuljiij. grcev-yus.
Grits," the coarse part of meal, .sand.
Groals,2 oats witliout tlie luill. (grovia)
Grigj^a small lively eel ; merry fitllow.
Grocery ,=^ in America, a lea dealer's sliop.
Groundsel,- a bird plant, ('oiinuoMly ^'•/•w/t.5///.
Grog,2si)irits and water: sailor's beverage.
Gross,^ thick, bulky. -{inpropcrly called gros.
Grotesqiie,-^ comical, ridiculous, odd. iji'^i)
Groiip,^ a clusier. Some spell its verb gniuj c.
Growth,'-^ vet>Gtation, product. {grotk)
Guaiacum,- a physic, wood. Written and called
guiacam.
Guard,^ a watch. AiTectedly ge-ard.
Gudgeon,- a lish, bait ; ^nc deceived.
Guinea,2 an English coin. Tirst coined in 1GT3.
Gymnastic,"^ relating to athletic exercises.
Gyves,- chains ibr the legs. Corruptly gecves.
H.
Halcyon,^ peaceful, happy. (hal-shnn.)
Hades,- classical name for hell. {haids)
Haggler,2 ^ slow bargainer ; origin, o^hh^glcr.
Hallelujah,2 " Praise (Jod." Also Alkhtjah.
Gretna Green. Alinut four milr.= firm T.niyistnirn, riiiiilnrriaiiJ. Ttie eci vices of it«
tKt-intniiA parson tniiacroniKty nrc liiiiiliiitt only in Scolland.
Grits and Groal.f nrv oficii coiiloiiiuli'd, liiiii in wiiiijin and sprakino:.
Grocer (teadfuhr) Vfii[» r\y frros.i. r, biiani-c iipplicd Kt a ilcalcr hy lUo frrn.is.
Grub. Formerly grape, now iiiiltoii-if\ ; at (in« linic inliabitrd l>y \\ litiTs of liulfppnny
ballada, penny liiijtorii.':^, Old Ballfy spccciitj-, ^c ; lienct; ilii- rpiilni iirii!>-.-<tr'-t. as ap-
plied to tilt' productions ot pf^lly scritilili-in. 'I'liu late Uev. VV. nuutintoii's cljapel in tlii«
street is now converted into the City 'J'lu'Hire.
Grig. Hence the payiu!?, J\t. rry as a <!rig. Not, as supposed, crick {cricket.)
Grotius. As related by ICztxIiifl, wroic In Greek the (irsi sacred (.'r.innis.
Grog. Admiial Vernon fiisi disstiiliiilfd ppiiiis, djliMrd wiili waicr, to his nrw: this
gave und)ra;:c ; and as In? ) cnerally woie an anciiMit giogiain coai, lliey, in doiisiun, nitic-
nanied the new Ijcvera^e old grog ; Inince lis oiifiin.
Guard. London singers ure apt to ial;e np i:s alJ'i'ciation.
Guest. A minor pliiloloiier, amon-.'si his" words .sj'mjVnr in sound, classes it with ^■um*.
Guinea. Beeanse niadc ot'irold liio:ii:iii I'loni tliiMniisi <it (iiz/nfff.
Gymnastic. The ^ in this woid is inipioiiuily pronouin:: d haril, as in gimlet.
Guernsey and Jcr.iiy are the reniniitit olonr anciently liiri;e doniinioiis in I'lanre.
Gypsum, (quarry of) near I'uris, yields tlielbstiils of unknown uniiiials, lound by Cuvitr.
H. Has a breatliinir qiialitj^ ; but dpniands an elForf of tim t)rpatli on lir^pinniiij: words.
I^ale Uiearty) A certain plilIi(lof;er writes iis verb/(«/c, bni proiionnc.'s i\ haicl.
J Ifpenny (ka-pcn-e) One writiT ncceiiis it loot;, and sounds the a as in half.
. ..jtrdasher. Oficinally Biose Croiii a nickname piveii to ilie German Jews, because
effi'ring their small wares with— Aui er duns, kcrr 1 buy yon iliin, sir ?
Hackney coacties were fust esiiiblished in London Itii") : were then 20, but 1200 now.
HmlUhijah and Mmen, were tirst introduced by Hn^'<;ui the piophet, t^i\ years U. C.
^jrel-un grono
1 Hall-
fjreov-us
1 ^^' '^^
glitz
1 ]] .ml
jjrolos
a llaml
grig
m Hand
jjro.so.ro
H Hand
grown, sol
1 Hank
Rf^ff
L
groso
Hara
gro.lenk
Hari(
Rroop
Hari(
grotlie
Harl(
gwii yti.knm
Hars
Hat,5
gard
Hau«:
pila jun
JIau!
glii-nt'
Ham
jiin-niis-lik
Ham
jives
Haut
Haut
hfil-sho-un
Hear
ha dees
Hear
liiLg-liir
Ileal
lial-lo-Ioo-yaii
■ Hebr
MANUAL or oRi'iiorry.
29
I{(,11-- 5 lo set on.
Also spfilt (dloo. lini.iu
e SO) vices of iti
it with ffucss.
liilw.siir
lifiiii.l.;'rg
hilm-lo'.
hand
imii-de
H; iser,-a s!ii|)'s rope, less than u cubic.
ir.mljnrjrlt,- ti (own on tlu; i'ill>c.
Jiunilet,'* SI small vill.ijre tiisit li.is no church.
Ilaiid,' pint ot" the body, also 4 inches.
Handy,** roarly. Nnw out of I'asliicn.
llaidt,'-' a slioin of ihrc^ad. lin named by Jolm
Hunks, a celebrated IJrabant rnanulacturer. hank
Ifarangnc," an oration ; ''' to make a speech. biir-ranjj
Haricotj-a rajjout made olstcalis iJ^c roots, (y*'//) har-rc-ko
Harier," a do^ for hnntinj^ bares. Prop, harrier, inir-ro nr
Ilarleqtiin,' a lively bnlluon. {/lur-Ie-kunn) unrAckia
Harsh,-' austere, roii<;h. ^'ul;||,arly //fw/i harsh
Hat,2 first worn by Ch.irlc^s 7tii on enter. Koiton. iiat
Haugh,- low meado-A'. Jlaw-hnw is a lietter word, haw
jiaulm,- the straw of pease, beans, A:c. {fiill)hawm
Haunch,' the thigh, hip. Inipronorly hawria/i.iiansh
Haunt,- a place of resort. Vulgarly htnvni. liaunt
Hautboy- an instrument, strawberry. {hmvf*op) ho-hoy
Hautgout,^ any strong scent. Corrupllyyii///. Iio.goo
Heard,*' perceived by the ear. (hcurd tSc hard) hard
Hearse,^ a carriage for the dead. Cor. hcrse. hurse
Hearth,- |)lace on which fire is made. (//«r//<)h'U"th
Hebraist,^ one skilled in Hebrew. (7/fi-6m-w7) bi'b la.ist
Hallow. Tis pnrtiriple in tlie Lord's prayer is improperly prnnnuncctl hnllow'd.
JJaiiL-itrr. Spi-cit-s ol'rnt wliosu licnit, in vviiili'r liuats 15, liiit suiiiiiii;r 150 times a minute.
Uarpir.t. Tlirct' iiioiisHirs tiowii hy ilii' riiinics of AcIN), (^rla'iio, and Ocypt'te.
Hanging out slgii.f, ciiiiK^ iVoiii ilic IvoiiiiiriH : i.bolitilK'd in Eiiglniid liy Guorue 11.
Haiigli. JiOt-t Cor iii»i'iJ in nncli wordn ;is Vit-Juniirh ; hut tlic iiaiurni pai-cnl ot'ha?ofiaw.
Hamlits-tomrr ; jiro lliosi; of I\lil<-i;iid, t)ld and rs'cvvTowii, Old Ford, liutlinal Green,
etc. and cdntniri ii populatldn of :t(i(),IMi() pi'ii<iiiir!.
Jlaintiiilt Foreni, l^sst'x, l)ecaiist' .'iiorkni vvilli deer from lltiinnnit in tlie Nellmrlaods.
Hamburph. Honn'limes written and called huiiihro. 'i'liict word orii.'iiiated that nf Aum-
hug^ lM'i'HU>e, dnriiii! coniluental wars, Una e.ty is tlie nucleus of false rumor and report.
Itscalliedral lian re;>nlnr stnll»> for the sale of lionks.
Hammerrlolh. T lie coac'liman'w s^eat, is a supposed corruption of Aainpcr-r/o^A.
Jfam : bepinidnc or endiii<: the lunne of a place, means house, strei^t, or village. Hami
of Westphalia are esteemed the hest ; a H'f^t/ifialiav mile is 12,151 yards.
Hare and he : by iheir aid the form f)f our veibs may be ex(endi;d to 540 variations.
Im|>ersonal verbs, says a German pliilolo<!er, give the first ideas of divinity.
Haiidenritiiig. The plural is seldoni spoken ur written correctly ; it being usually made
hand-writing:--, instead ti\' hdnihwri/ivg.
I/arinr. The above nmeiidei! orihojirapliy can alone .'sanction its present orthoepy.
Haunt. 'I'lieff has the same sound as in aunt, not the broad one in awl.
Hear.te. In sonn; dictionai i<'s spi'lt hramr or hrrsi , witlionl in)le orcominent.
Hehrrw. Its true prommcjation, .icrordlii!; lO lilsliop fjowth, is now lost.
Heart. In dramatic appeals to the heart, both authors and performers apply hoaom
(breast) to the hero, when an uiuiuestioncd properly of the kerumc.
Vulgarisms : — Hii-ien for hi.f : it is also utii;rnmmatically rejected for their in newB-
pnper advertisements; as,— *'i\:iy jterson will find this wortliy of their (his) attention."
Harth-xxxf, and A«rlA-Ptone fo» I'^Mrih, and wiiat a/tc/t for leeight'are low; as is ivo>^ for
Mighbury barn, near Islington.
' (".ii !•
m
i
90
MASiAL or oiriiioKfr.
licigh-ho/" tlonolitv^ >!li:;lil uneasiness,
lleijf lit,- space M|)\Nanl-i. ('oiuinoiilv hale.
lleiiioiiH,^ wifkoil. Ar.ci'Mit. liu'ituiis. Vul. Iw-mis
Heir,'-' lie who inherits ljy hov. {^luirc)
Heiiii.stic,- hiilfii verse, or line in poetry.
Uei)iorrliii<:e,- a Mux ol'lhe blotni. [Iw-mor-iilj)
Henry,'- a i'lirisiiiin t);tnie. Ciiui. Jlen-iii'-rr.
Herdsman,'- one who keeps herds.
Hereditary,*' f^nined hy iuheritaiiee. {/urahturc)
Hermetic-seal,'- elosinnr a j'lnss bottle.
Heron,- a bird that leedd npuii iish. Cor. hrrn.
Hiccough,"- a siomachic oaHion. I'roj). kik-kof.
Hideous,-' horrible, di-eadl'ul, Irif^htlVd.
Hieroglyphic,- an end)l(;m, n'pres(>iitation.
Higgler,'- u small dealer, ('orriipt. of haggler.
High,-* elevate'd, prur I, great.
HighlaiuJer,'-aniountnm inhabitant, (/irehmdur)
Hight,-' called. ("onrouiided with hciiiht.
Highty.tighty,:i giddy, thoughtless, airy, noi-sy.
Hind,-* contrary in ixjsilion to the I'aee.
Hobnob,~ at random. Corruption ui hahnah.
Hock,- old Rhenish wine.
Hodge-podge,'- a mixture. Or Hotch-jwtch.
Iiji hu
iiiiu
luunus
aro
iicm.JH.tik
lifMii-or-ridj
lif-ii-ro
hiirdz-innn
lip.ri'd.et.tor-rft
htir iiiC>t-ik sule
her run
liik-ii|i
1)1(1 yiis
hicr-o.glifik
liTg.lur
hi
hi-laitd.ur
liilo
lii-to ti-le
liindc
lidl>.iiob
hok
hodj.podj
Height. Milton liiis it hiirhth, now n \tili!Mii--iii : prnpnrly hiffht, derived from hiffh.
Ml Una (■'St.) Ill till' .S. Ailiiiiiic (kw.mm. iii!i\ lie tcrnii'il tin' srvt /rt/i ; ns it ia licre that
sliipiiiiiL' ir tlu'ir course to and troni ilic luilics, rdVoli iiiid lake in water.
Uinn/. In its Freiitli nieantj ru/i lord. .Hii,'gl':<li/-iii<ru-U<i!/, is u curriiptiun ot higgle .
a low word.
lien's till, (-lioiild lio are ton : lint apostrofdiisfd word.-' arr oxrcptions lo ttiis rule.
hcriin. iiK toiriipiion ()ri;:iiiiiii(i with a d(,'(.i'a>icd liixicouiaphor.
ii;ig/i(!a!i[/iii-(!ii] Unc ol'oiir solitary iiitcijcrti(Mi.-< ; inipinp. !'\if\t /irif-ilini or hay-iln if.
llermi'tic'aciil. 'J'lie way tins is done, is I'V healing the neck ol'lliu bottle, so that it liiuy
he ready to melt, then, with hot piiicc.Ts, twisiin;.' ii toyeiher.
HcsioiVs iciirlt.i were writ on tables ot'l' ad. and Solon's laws cut on planks ot' wood.
Ilt;«/s//V. 'JMicre are many in V'irf,'il s /llm-id, but wlieth"r by design or not, is doubted.
Vlecatr [hck at] a name of I liana. In tiiueli aud Latin pronounced in tlireu tiyjiablcs.
Wiectiugli. Frecpieiitly written /;/(•/■ «/».
Uiileiiiis. Mas a low cockntfyisni olijus: and a barbarism nf /liilr-yns.
Uigglir. J?ernns(; in biiyinj; lie's .-^njiposed to abate, or Imti' (not In at) down the price.
High. Applied to tlie Deity, is, in many (larts olScriptuie, printed Most lliirhi'.it ; a
flnL'rant violation orirraniniar 'I'lie lii:;lir.<t inliabited spot is the farm Innise of Antisaiin,
3,800 feet almv(! the plains of (inilo, which are two miles above tin; level of the sen.
IMm. Willi the pronouns ///r. vir, and tliinr, are impropirly used in the iioiniiiutive; as,
'<?'.? him, 'tisliir, 'tis iiir, 'tis t'lini : — should be hr, s.'ic, /, and l/n i/.
Hind. The i in this word is often misproiioiinced short, as in tiiin'd.
Wit. Is applied, in Oxfordshire and adjoiniiiK ronniies, to a toss, throw, or flinp.
Hoang Ho. At this place ends the Jmiieiiul Chinese (^"anal, .)IX) miles lotifr, and here
one-fifth broad.
Hieroglyphic. The character of the Cl.-inose letters, of which they have HO.OflO.
Hindoo, will, on no account, draw water from the same well as a mussulnuni.
llintory of Don Quixote :nay be computed M a duratioiiof 105 days.
iiA.\t'\c (»F oR'f'ji n.vr.
>t
10
1U8
i-i8.tik
-or.rifij
ro
Iz-innn
f'd el-tar-rn
tnC't.ik sulo
run
M'
nis
-o.yllfik
ur
iid.ur
ti-te
lob
podj
rrom hifffi.
! it is lioru that
ion ot higgle :
Ihis rule.
' or hay-ilmj.
HO tliut it limy
iks oCwood.
01, is (loiilitcd.
L'u syllables.
vn file price.
'•t Hin-hcit ; a
I- (d'Antisaim,
il'llic sea.
iiiiiiiutive; as,
flinp.
ri;.', and tiers
0,()0«.
in an.
lTo(himn,'a brinlxliiycr's lahoror.
II
(iLlllif, " <Mllllll<r lip.
Ini|)n>. spelt hoiinr. 1
hoii.mun
lo.iri(r
Jlop<>:«;rolr <t< <'\\<' noiirly 2 Ncars dlii. {/inir.riii)ur,<r.frnT.u\
JI<)glionl,-ii keeper or Irodorol'liotjiis. {/lOif-unl) iM,^.\und
H(igs\u)in\,'- ii uicasiire. Viil. hoi;.shcd t^ horrs.cd hn^rs.hcd
llui(loii,ii an awkward jjirl. ForuKirly lioi^tlcn. hnU] en
Iloliduiii,- a bicssod huly, tho A'ir;';iii Mary.
Holiday, * a day set apart for rejoicing.
Holla,* a call lo one at a ilistaiice. (Jiol-hiJi)
Holland," the Un'ilrd Prov'tnrcs, now a kingdom.
HoUoo,-'' to shout to. Hits divers spejhnos.
Holpj^now obsolete. The old parliciplc oi'h(Ii>.
Holpen," now disused. Old participle of /u/p.
Holyday," an auniversary day in tin? church.
Holly,* a Hhrub. Hiipposod corrupiion of/io/jy.
Holy,"^ pious. Some interpret it dillerenlly.
Homage,- obeisance. Iniprop. called om-age.
Homespun,"* made at home, homely, coarse.
Homestead," the |)lace of a house. {Iinm-slcd)
Homicide," murder, destruciion. (^ho-mc-slde)
Homily,^ a discourse, short sermon. (fiom-Ie)
Homonymy,- etpjivocation. (..'or. hom-in-im-r.
Honest,-* upright, just, sincere, true.
(/"//)
Honesty," justice, truth, virtue, purity. (jti^l)
Honey," made by hcf.s; there are 55 species.
Honeycomb,-* full of little cells. (Jiun-ne-lium)
lio.lo.dam
lifil-lrs-da
l.al.lu
hul-lutul
luil-liio
lll)I|IO
holpe.un
lid-lo-da
hr.l.lo
hole
hoin.idj
hOmc-spun
liomc-stefl
hom-e-side
hom.i.le
lio.inrin.cmo
("ill-Cst
on-cst-te
hun nc
huu-ne-koomt^
Ifonr. The firsf, prrtondini IiPr ninjosiy's drritli, was by a wag in ([iieen Ann's reign.
Hodman. Also a VVcstiiiitislcr scholar iiiltiiillcd into Cliilst Cliurcli Ojllegc Oxford.
Hoe. 1 almost wond(.'r liow tliot.r,Mvlio s(?t till! opinions ol' such mnn as Dr. .lohnson at
defiance, could Irt the orihograpliy ol this word cscaiie thtni, si'fing ilie way in which
they linndle others with tliis tcriniiiation : hut it stionld seem that the cliii':'r('quisit(!s t'ur
a letter-clipper oi' tlie present <lay ar<', not to be over anxious aliout authorities or analo-
gy ; accordlnjily, he jjives hiinseil'lltile, it'aiiy, trouble about either.
Ifniil. lis pret. hrlil i.{ snpersedinj; that tti' /i<ilil> n, because too quaint and formal.
ll«/i'/ai/aiid liotijitay. I'sLilly confounded, except in seats of learning.
Holla. Exhibilsa perfect transformation of the vowels.
Homily. Many were prepared and piiuled, at tin' refornialion, to ho delivered in llio.ie
Churches the ininislers of which were supiiosed nuabh; to make them.
Hottest and //(iwor. Londoners sound tlKMii/ui/. Tliei'' niisprounnciatinn of the letter
hy eciunlly prevails in the ciiiis of Haih and Uocliesler, wiili many other places.
Hohleth, ill sacred writ and anciently ; hut moilenily, and common conversation AoW.f.
II(///((H(/, or /iH//«w ground, Ircnn its! mullilndiiious iilhbit-holrs. lis best part has beei
taken out of the sra ; but is too marshy to bear the plough. Though surrounded by wa-
ter, there is not a water mill in the cimntry.
Holy. As Alynier bishop of Ijondnn, l.'iiui, who, on .Sundays, played howls in his palace.
Homely. Most words mfrv eiidin!; ^^■ilh /;/, am ienUy lerminated in like.
Hour. In KiO", ilie hour for be^iinmie,' tl:eairi(als was tliree in the afternoon.
Holly. Anciently and originally hoi ij tree, because dedicated to holy places.
ftofffkead. Some derive it from ogsliooil. n\hcrs again Oreo; caput, an Ork's keoA.
{
i
I '^1:
I
i
tl
I
I.
f
4
i
32
MANi'vi, or ois'iiiocrr.
Iloneydew," a nwov.i <low foiitifl upon pliinfs. luintic Jow
Honor,' (^stoom, tli^rnity, giorv, woiili. ( /////)r,ii.iir
llord,'- ii fr»!;isiiry. 'i'lus veil) is hoard. linriKs
llorizoi),- ll:(! liiu; that foririinjUcs tlio sii^lif. liori-zim
Horn,- part of an ox or ratn, an inslriiincMif, imrno
l[orost;o|»<','-,i li;,niro oftlif! luNivcns. (Aonw/iOj'r) iior.ds.kope
Horrible,'' (Ii'eadtiil, Icnib!*', .^ liofkin;';. luir.rc-'oul
Horror,- terror. Jliis a cornij)!iou of hor-ro. iiOr rur
Horse,- a (|ua(lrtipc(i. ilarljarotisly hiin. hmm
Horselangli,- a violent, vnlnjnr laiiirl). {hos.Jaf) linrse-liif
Horse-shoe,- a shoo lor hors(;s'. \ nl'j. hos.sliii. lir.rso.sliu
Hortulan,'' belorifrinir to a jifarden. liortyu lun
Hosier,- one whotnakcs or sells hose. lio.zimr
Hospital,- a |tlac(; tor sick persons. Iir..s.|)it.ul
Host,'-^ landlord of an inn. Conimotiiy o.?/. Iiosto
Hostler,- manager ol' hones. Now written ostler, ua.lur
Hotel," an inn. Form. writUMi hnstci. [Iiol-hcl) Uo.ial
Houfrh,- the lower part of the thi^h. hok
Hourly,-' done every hour, lV(.'<pi<iit. (/////) nur.lc
HouselK>ld,- a faniil\', iioiise. Cor. hnw-sh.old. Iiouse-hold
Housewife,- a pfood mistress of a house. (/'///) lifiz. if
Housewifery,- doniestie frugality. (/////) liri/..ir.ro
Hover,-'' to hang over head, lly. (/io-jv7)hriv-var
Howo)' [croesoH of ] Siiiro tlio iCNloraliKn, no I('i3<< iIkmi ;>i,i.'r!I hiivi' li('<>n ili'^tributed in
Franci'. Nolo. In tlir witn\ /iininr. sis lifrnif('\|i.':iiiir(l, I lie n isiinw ili^ri'idi'd.
lion/. Also iispnct' in tlic slifci liii^ci'd (iir:ii:;iiii>t liou.-<i;s building "i' fil>.iiriilg, to i-u-
closi; bricks, mortar, niul oilier neci'ssriry niaii rials.
Horizon. Sonii'tiiiii's, but iiii|)rci|icrly, acccnicil on Ihcrn-il syllable.
Horn. I!' >\vin)j horns, as Frivrh hiirii.--, Iii'iaiisc ancii'iMly niadi' of AorTi.
Worrilili. I''ri'(|ii<'iilly. Ilircniiili rarclctisnrss, |ii(nioiHi(i'd a- ifwriiicn horriiJilf.
Hor,<f. Term, also, ol'a day rnic' lo a jnisuner in llie I\;ii^'s IJi'iirli, lor |Mfrniitision to c^
out. And loriiicrly desi^nali'd a lultery ticket, Kenl m lent out on spuculaiiDn. IIchkj'H
and ciirrin!;esniteiidin<>on His .Maji s<y, are eM'nipi I'nnn toll
Uo.yiiltil. It is ctistoinary to ^\ rile, s|ie;ik of, and diieri lo-' Tin' Im.-jpital of St. Luke's;'
•Tlie tlmrrli of St. raiil's:' slnnild hi', .'^i. I.nke's liospiial, .St. i'aiil'.- I'liiircli.
Uorir. Hoineiimes ]nini(nin( ( d as if rliMned willi lorir.
lloiirr/i. Freqiiciitly ineiamoi|iliosed into /nif nr lioin
iioiisrholiliiaii.i. Are ili«^ tour scdeinti fe.-:i\,il> of Ciiiistinns, F.nstor, Wliitsuntldn, nnd
Alf^iiinls, wIumi the Kiiiu', aller l)i\ iin' Ser\ ice, niakes ntli'rintfs tit (Jod.
WouKC of .fissrmhiij. I'|i|(er <'aiiada, con-'isis of an n|i|ier and lower Itonro ; tins TiO. &
thnt 30 iiKMnbcrs. Their session is in the winter, and c'lMrally lasts about throe months.
llovgrwij'f. Public spciikcis, on acttnmt of ih»i bubjt'ci, proiioiiiicf iliisi word/«//in
Gray's beautiful Elegy,—
"Or busy lioimricifr ply Iter evptiinc cnrc"
Huswifr. )R impropnr. The VAcpy in qin'slion is thoni'lit to have liern written either in
the viilat:e dnriiiitory of (Jranrhester. dlstaiit two miles from C'ambridi;e ; or in that uf
Stnke Popids, Kuckinttliamshirc, the bnri.al pinto of our poet.
Ho/).«. 40.727 acres are cultivated In Kimland. First used about the year 1000.
Horatii, Curiattii. Properly ho-ra-uhe /, en rr.-n-shci : coxt\\\<. hn-ra-ti n\u\ cii-rrt ti.
hnroi. The three daughters of .liijiiter and Themis, railed F/iiiiornia, Dice, and Irene.
Horse'.* tongw: : often sold for a biillork's; but this is mxirrh and that swooih.
lUusc [pious] Glastonbury Abbey had 500 niO!ik!«, 500 servants, and genrly.SOO vifitori.
MANUAL OF onTnOEFV.
S8
V^liitsuntldn, and
However," at nil events. Burb. hoicmmcvcr. hou.Gv.ur
Howitzer,- .'i kitirl of homb. {hn.it-zvr) Uuw.it-zixr
Howlinj;,'--' an llibcrniuii hiinont at fiiii(;rals. Iiowl.inj
Jliibhiili,- a tiiiimlt. Commonly hoo-bub. Uuh.hab
Huckaback,- liiicii willi raiscf' li;,'iir»'.s on it. huk.a.bak
Hiickk'botic,- a bone called tlio bi|> bone. Iiuk-ol.bon*
Hues'-' a t'olor, (l\(', elauKiur, f^rcat noiso. how
Humbles,- tbc entrails ol" ti deer. Iiuni-buli
Hunnmnns,- balbs in ('i>vcnt (Jard(;n. Iium-ums
Humorist,- om; wjio oiMlilies is own bumor. Iiew-mo.rist
Humorous,'' jocidar. Improperly /iitinorsnmr. Iitiw.mur.u*
I[un(lred,"-' ibe division ot'a eoimty. {/iniulurfl) Uan-dtod
Hussar,- a I'dlisli and llin!;iarian borse. soldier. Iiu-zar
Huh'sy,'- a sorry, bad woman, kind td" bag. Iiuz.zo
Husiin^s,- a court, place ot election. IiQst.inga
Hustle,'' to sliak«5 to^etber. liQs-el
Hutcb,- a corn <'best, rablWt bo.v, (rap. Imlsh
Hyacintb,-a lltjwer : 17 species : precious stone, hi.a.sinlh
Hyades,- rainy stars. Corruptly Jii..a ids. h'i.a.doea
I[ydra,- a serj»enl feigned to bavc tilly beads, hi.dra
Hydrocele,'* a rupture. Properly hi-drosclc. hl.dro.selo
Hydro!T^rapber,'-'on(! wbo draws maps of ibo sea. lii.drojr.ra.fur
Flydroifrapby,'- a d(>scription of ibe seas. Iii.drr.jr.ra.fa
Hydropb<>bi;i,-a dread of water, canine madness, hi.dro.fo.bo.*
ilydrotic,- wbat purges olf water or pblegm. hi.drot.ik
Jfninri'ir. Is IrMiwrortii'd liv the viili'nr \\\Xn hntrsmudn-rr.
Hinrliiiir. Xoi priiiliar In ilii' li Isli, liiil dli-^i'ivcd liy iiiiiiiy anricnt nations.
Jiiiiii. \ iil;;;irly ii|i|ilifil in llic Miriii' t-cpisr as llir wmd iKtiiilniir.li'.
HummuiiK. A corniiitioti (Voin luinninnii, Aialiir liir bnth. 'I'lic first Iiot bath in Eng-
land was csliilili-^lii'il ill l'ai!iii(» Court, NcwL'ali: sin (I. Iiivi'iilcd liy JilrUia.
Jiiimorist. liii|iiM|icily iisrd lor a jdciilar person. 'I'illi- ol' a society uf learned men at
Uoiiie, eslalili>iii d liy I'aiil .Maiiijiil ; and oi ahiiilier at Caitona, in Italy.
Hiivdriil. lleiaiiM' ainii'iilly obilurd to liiinlsli our Itumlnd men, completely accoutred,
ill time 111' war : (iist diviiled liyUinu All'rcd. Has a coiiiipt ortlioepy.
Ilussnr. Fioin tin; /iii::ii, or slioiii, lliey oriiiiiially niade at llio lirst onset.
Jlii.fthifrs. Troin a t^a.von word, inipi) in;.' n lionse, hall, or plarc lor pleading.
JliitiiriJ'c. Has two op|)oslle ineaniiius; the iionii is a //<n/, lint the veil) 4'«oti mnnBROr.
Ilusbaiid. Ill lionilon, liis wife ma v 'rr/iA, and c\ en /ui'niiereiii, without inculpating
him.
Jliiptinots. Protestants, so called, l.'i;;), iVoni a (.'ernian word, implyiiid allied by oath,
Jliininiiic iriiid.< Iia\<'l at the ijile of Kill, Imt fieiitlc ones I miles only an hour.
liners. Ic.land roiintaJn> \vlii( li iject scaldinj.' water !M feel ImkIi and ;)0 in diameter.
JInd.inn river, Ameilia, discovered liy a'l lOii'.Mijh captain of that iiaino in I(i08.
Ujipiiiirniii (now////)) rsnall\' in three, lint properly pronouiKed in tbnr syllables.
Hydroiilinhia. I'ldiii iilniiini to Tear, ..iid iidur water : till! i:ausu and cure are amyiteiy.
Ilyadcs. Likewise spelt liytidy, and coriiipted into hiadx.
Hydra. Tliis was killed liy llt'ii iiles at l.eina Marsh, near reloponnesus.
Jlydriicfli . Final c, lii'iiiK (Jreek, should loim a clear syllalile in pronunciation.
Uydrnphiihia. t^everal orthoepisls, iifiainst all iisafiu, throw the stress upon bi.
Hydros latiin. Weighing fluids. I'irst taught by Archimedes, 200 years B. C.
W ,
■\
:
''Vi:
M
n.\yv\\, or oiM'iior.rY.
HyetiJi,' a fierce animal like a wolf, {/li-c/i-na) lii-O-na
Hyrn,- a vurv lit rce lund ol"iJ»)<^. Iiim
Hymeneal,- a marriage song. C(»r. hy-mccnyul. hi-incn-c-ul
Hymn,- a divine song ; •"' to praise. Iiim
Hyp,-'' to di.s|)irit. Usually wrillen A/yj. hip
Hyperbole,- an exaggeration. {hip-ur-holc)\\l\wr-\n).\o
Hyperbolical,"' exaggerating, {h-p.ur-ho-h-knl) lii-pcr-bdl-ckul
Hypercritic,~a ca|)tions critic. Vflor uses /n/pcr. lii.pur-krii-ik
Hyplier.," this marl; (-). hiluii
Hypochondriac,- uiio who is melanclidly. lii.po-kr.n.clii.iik
Hypotenuse,- the sahten.se : some hijiiollunusc. h'i.\u)t.en.ooBQ
Hypothesis,- a syslem fornu-d upon siippoi-jition. lu-iidili.c sis
Hyrst,^ a wood, ii tliichet. iij'clt also /,■/.>/. imr.-.t
Hyssop,'-^ a [>urgative herb. Some call it h'tzzu]). liKs.sup
Iambic,2 a long and short s) liable. {i/tiiii-hiJi)\.iun.h\k
Ichor,- a thin sharj) humor. Corrupt. i/.-.Jior. i-kor
Ichorous,-' sharp, thin, watery. {i-korc-us) iko.mfi
Icicle," dripping water frozen. Vulg. ixic-kuL isikt;!
Ides," the 15th day of March, May, .July, and
Oct., and the 13tb of other monllis. (/-f/rr.v) ides
Idiom,''* a particular hind of speech. (/Jy/t-;//;.'//) iil.c.uin
Idumea,^ (ancienlly Edom) a territory of Asia, i.dtw-mc a
Idyl,^ a short pastoral poem. (i «.'?//) idu-ul
Ignobly,'' meanly, vilely. Improperly i>j;;-no.Ut:. ig nd-Mo
Ignominy ,2 disgrace, reproach. {ii^-n:)in-i-nc)\g.mm\'\n.Q
Iliad,2 an heroic poem written by Il(jmcr. il.yud
Illinois,'"^ one of tlie U. S. admitted in IHIH. il-lundy
Hyena. Also cullud //.««», and CoriiiPily «ritti:n I/i/,ni(i.
Hypcrhoh. Vul(^tlri^it'(l liiii-poi-Z-o/c ; and iic ( ciilid, liy Id. .IdIihsoii, on hijji.
Hypotenuse. i*yllia;;(ii!is soUins: llic celclnaicd piolili ni Id wliicli this has reference,
thervui •;■. ^arriflced, in his joy, a liecalond) lo lln) niiiscs. Is mis accented.
H.jssi.^ . Oiliers, as inaccnrali'ly, place; a ncnaii\c strusy upon y.
Hyjiotii,e:ale. Is to pledge a ship or caigo, in distress at sea, for necessaries.
/has liut two sounds, which arn shown in "■/(;/' and vine. It ainucnlly represented /
and J; as it did also tin.' nirnniaiivcs diir and //,,■', siili to l.c s((.'ii in Kimic old plays. ItH
oblique case, ?«(', is .soni<!linies inipropeily snhstituied lor the noniinative. When i oi y
ends a syllable after the accent, ii is tuunded lilu^ c
Iambics. First ii.venteil by Archilocns, (l.iti years hilnre the christian (-rti. Free and
satirical verses are also called laiuhics, from the niuestraiiie<l jocidaiity and stories of
lanibe, a servant maid of the (inetn of J-Ji^nsis.
Idyl. lias an erroneous proiniiicialion, in uiiicli the / is shortened, as in idiot., in place
of len{!tliening it, as in idlr. Note, idcur lor iiliui is a Londonism.
Ignomhiy. Homeiimes must impro|)('ily ac( ented on tlic 1 1 coiid syllable.
Iliad. Uotiuir flouri.f/iid VU'i years bi.'fore (.'hrisl. and sniisisted upon charily, a'lhoiigh
after his deiith, man ' ciiii's coniendi'd for the honor ol'liis birth.
*I ffuess.' We used in lOsiO, and .Milion latterly ; hence ii is clearly non-American.
Illinois. Keiiiiiriuible for its e.vten.oive prairies; ii» soil is rich und fertile.
'.W V.NJ AL ('
o:: r:i;;Ki'v.
SJV
iin
im rne dc-iito
Inibccilo,'' fo woiikon, lessen. (em-hrz-zh) \m ix'.fi.ici
Inibosom,'' to hold in I ho hosoin. {'nn-hiiz-ziim) itnUno.zui
Imbrue,-'' to st<>('p, sor^k, niois'eii. iiu-Krcw
Immodi.'vto,-' instant, iu^tin^ by itsolT.
Impai'li,-''' to encloso (or, ornmkr, ii park. (MD-jtmiv
Import,- a thin;.ij iniporkMl, niciinin'r. (/.v/-/'(ir/) i„,.|,„it
lm|)osl,o a i-ov(!ni!(', loll, tax, <tis!oni. iln-I)()^t
Impress,- in war, (orfinif so.iiiif'u into fjcrvico. ],,,. pros
Impropriation,- rluircli hinds in hiy hami--. itn pro-pro il-t-hun
Improvement,- ('(lidontion, advanfement. im-prMvo-niont
Impudent,:{ shamcdes.s. IJarbaronslv /w^/^r/T?//. im.pnw.dent
Impii'^n,-'' to attack, op|)ose, disprove. im-pfino
lnade(juacy,'- nfie(;na! to some puri'oso. in-iul.o.kwa.po
Inamorato,- an aniorons pcrs(;;i. ^'ul. inanx'irlo. in a-nio-ra-io
Inauspicious,-' nnlorliinalt!. in aw-pplfshshus
Incapacitate,-"' to disabl(>. Ilnrbar. mr/7/wr/«/r;. in k.-i-pfis-e-talo
Incautious,-' unwary, negligent, ear(!lei.«. inUiiw-shus
Inchoate,"' to be<fin. Usually hiJcoalr. in-ko.ato
Inchoation,2 act of beginnin;^, (///-/,('-r//.v//-?//i) in.ko.fi.sliun
Inclinatory,^' quality onne!iiiin;r. (,'///, /.-/jYr'o?-*:') in- klina-tor-ro
Incog,- in conc.ealmtMit. Also sptdt incn^iiifo. iii.kr..r
Incredible,-' not to bo Ixdieved. {iiicn(lifahlc)\\} kri:■^].c^>e\
Incomparable, :i e'xeellent, {inkornpiirahlr) in-kom.pur-a-ble
Incomparably,^ une(|nalled. {inliomydrcahly) inkompar.a.blo
Incorpse,-'' to form into a body, unite. in kdrps
if
idiot, ill place
Immcdiiitc. Ofton prdiioiincr'd, wiili its cumpouiKls, ,ih if written im-uf jc-ntc.
Import. Ffiimoily accciilcd liUc iIicmtI).
Impark. AViiddstotN \\;h \hv lirsi, park in I^ngliirnl, wliicli continued for apes the resi-
dence of our Kiiifs. VVlirii r.li/.;il)i'tli (piMMi of Hidii'it nnico was imprisioiitd in tliie
Tiouiily, (i:Ui) \i\w wa.s allowed !/, pir wriU, to su|i|io't licrscll'and family.
Impoal. Tlio lircnUfasl.-i of llie l'ii<:llsli pav to tlii' luvt'imc ciirht, milliims a year.
Jmprnijemnit. lIordiTiis from the \orlli call it iin-iiriii' tiiciil.
In. is placed lict'orc countries ami lari;i' iowii.<; as, " Sik; resides in I'naland, in Lon-
don, tec." Should lie rejected from ilit! I'liiversal I'rayer; us, "'I'liy will In done in {on)
earth." After lliesiimc maiiner, at is placed Iciore villiii'es iiiid hamlets; is, "She re-
sides at Vaiixhall, ISlile end, &c,." Oai;ht to Ite siibsliluled by in, in— 'lie died at (»«) Ilia
liouse at I'ulney."
liiadvijuaci/. Orii-iiiateil in riirliaii;;'nt, and Imt recently iiiiiodnced (o a dictionary.
InCHmparnlile. Oi'tin in luini/iu-ra l> I : whicli pn/./.tes iialives and foreiuiiers.
Indecent. [ rejiret llitit words of this cl;;r acter, are to li'i fonud in our diclioiiaries.
In London, piildicai.K pots are inspected hy air vnnnrn' : there are 1 ( lioson l>y the city.
Incnmlitnts of Ii!/. in I.'mH, were allowed to carry on somi! tr;id' . Tliore are 3719 in-
cnnilienls non-resident ; also '.\M7t impropiiaiieiis in all rm/liind. Inipr rtation of foreign
eircs are (iO iiiillions a yetir, payinL' lUi/. [ler l-JO dniy. Whilst tiie lioolis iniported last 10
yeaii", |iaid a duty of i:i,Hi()/. iinrimtlly.
Impugn. Some speakers, reirreiin!.' ihe omission, tniiiia^e to give it a dash of the g.
Impress. Sea-apprentices under IH, arc exempt: landuiuii, in inercliaiit service, for *
years.
■1\
;1
I :
'i
NoTK : — In rotusc for n/cntirse is very common, hut most improper.
90
HAMTAL OP OKTITOEPY.
tl
Indecorous,s indecent. Usually in-<h'/i-iir.its.
Indelible,^ not to be blotted out. {in-df-lr.lxl)
Indenture,^ a covenant or deed, {in-ilrn-tslmrr)
Indian,^ a native of India. Vol. calUMl in-Jiin.
Indian-rubber,'-^ \Z\. the IJraziliau tree hccc.
Indign,"* unworthy, un(Iesei\ ing.
Indrauglit,2 a passa<^e inward. (^)r. in-drovl.
Indubious,"* not iluubiriil. {in-<liihi-iir-ii.s)
Industry,^ diligence. Inipiojx'ily on dus.
Inebriation,'-' druidienncss, inloxieatioii.
Inoye,'*' to inoculate, insert a bud, iti^ral'i.
Infanta,- a royal princess of tSpain or I'ortugal.
Infantine,** suitable; to an infant. Or inldtifi/r.
Infatuate,^ to strike with lolly. (ii)fa/,s/ii/ii<ilc)
Infectious,"' contagious, tainting.
Inferior,"* lower in place or station, {in-fcr-yiir)
Infirmary," a resid(;nce of the sick, {'m-jlnn-rc)
Inflation,'^ a swelling, or swcIUmI state.
Ingenious,3 possessed of genius. (in jr-7ius)
Ingenuous,^ open, candid. Corruptly in-jc-iitis.
Inimical,^ hostile. Mispronoiniccd in-r-mt hid.
Innumerable,-' vast. C^oriupled ininnnh' r<d>l<\
Inquire,^ to ask, seek out, search. {F.iujiiirc)
Inscription,^ a title written upon any tiling.
in-dcko-riis
iii-ilol-o-blu
iii-dcn-lshur
iii-(l(!.un
ill (lit.yiin
iii-ilino
iii-ili'iill
iii.(iuli(! yiiH
iii-(iiis.tri)
iii-('-bix'-i..Kiiun
iii-i
iii-firi-ta
iij.riinlino
ill. fill ycw-nto
iii-lck-siitis
iii-f» ar.yur
iiilVinii cr-ro
in lla hliun
in jo 1I0-U8
in jrn.yow.UB
iii-ini.(vkiil
ii)-iiii.iiior.a-LIa
iiikwiru
in-{^krip-Nliun
Indecorous. Aiitlioiitirs (brtlie (wo proiiiiiirhiiioiis aic :iljiiiit dividod.
Indelible. If \vi; tollow its clMiinlni'y, shiiiild lie wrill'ii nidihlilr.
Indenture, ni^caii.si' indnilnl on iiit: li>|i iii;ii<^iii, w jilioiil \\ liidi il wniild lie void.
Indnr.^ec, on an iiiMcpiaiicf, is m mp/, il luui pn si nlrd, \\ lien due, Iml nni ilic accepter.
Infantine, and JiiJ'aiilii'f. 'i'liis last. In i:i^ llic new r r uoid. is iimic l.isliJMiialplf.
Ingenious awl Ingciiuuus. ('luiiiiiiiiily ('Diirniiiidril IkiiIi in wiilinu and r-iicaMiig.
Inimical. Is wrnn!>ly aiccntcd. <)ri;^iiiali'd in r.'uliaiM. nl tliiri> vr.'iis snici'.
inn. Difference! iif biiualidii inakis diiiiii iirc nl inraiiiMii ; lii'ini' /»/( innpcTanco is .
very lilte intemperance. iDiikrcpcr'.-; aif icspniisildc liir iliiii (.'nr.--i's pinpcity.
Inquire, br. .lolin-jon spills it iliiis, and yii IraMs r iilirr iinnnn lird
Inscription. Tlie a' o.n.'icy ol iliai diii' iipon thr nnniunii'ni, our ^land liiMtorirnl pillar,
recently obliterated, is ihiis handh d liy I'i'pr, in SIj l!,ila:ini.
"VVlii'ic liondoii's ((ilnniH pulniinu' in die skii.'.s,
Tiikca lalHiiilly, iilisilic In ad, ami In.s."
But the poet bcins liim.'^fHra Cailmlic, aitcminis in snnir iniasiirc fnr sik Ii npinioii, oxclu-
Blveoftlie present raf^i; ("or qucslinniM;! ihr inlciiriiy nCuu!' r;uliri lii'lnjianv
India-rubber. Coniinoiily ko railed, linin lis lacdily oT inliMii;,' nnt pini il inaiks on pa-
per: properly Cauutchunc. litlrndiiod liy '^ir .In^'pli Itaidss. iinin (inaina, S. Ainciica.
Also called /un^u.« ; ami k'ltlerly applied lo niakiiii: sIkks, air i ii^-liuiis, linis, an<l all
elastic materials. From a Miiall sliipinrnt. is now lici nni< an ai<irli'iii ('nii^idcrablu coiu-
inerce. None can pa.sa into India unless iiiTniiticd liy the l':a-i India rmnpaiiy.
Indigo fiTOWa nbundaiilly in Florida, vvlnrt' it altaiiis ihe Ini^lil ol H Iiti.
/ndian Aa^, growini; in their iiiarslics, cnn he loiiinl onlv liy llir iiaiivcs, ThfAr \an-
ga^ge (.c.'i/pewa) requires 21 wordn to c.viircs-iour 11 only, oC l,'ii: J.nrtVn prayer. TJiero
•re about 100,000 in the United Htntes, and :<Ol),0(li) in their territories.
Indian inkof Cliina, &s tliu Iloinaii, mnieH fioni a black lluid in the <;uttle fish. A opu-
lioui sort is made here, liy tlic .lews. 'I'he beNt, mi breaking,', is sinoolb and (ilosKy.
Intohent court (the) had paid ten millions of debt with vl farthing only iu ihv po},. <: I
iM
.f#
>V^-,
MANfAi. «>r oii iiiorrv.
n7
■n
ko-riis
•cblo
ii-lsliur
(111
yun
a
II
)(! yiifl
s-lri)
re -L.sliun
II ta
II lino
I 3t;\v.alo
<.sllllS
iir.yiir
nil crro
L hliun
no. us
ii-yow.UB
i-c-kul
i-nior.a-Lla
.viro
rij)-wliun
Instciul," in \hv room ol". (\>irii|)tl\ iiisliil.
InSll|)t!iiil<l(!,-' iliviiuililc. J'liTo. inshni'Cidhif.
Info^iM',- iIm; NvIioN; of iiiiy tliiii^f. {iit-li-<'i:r)
Iiiloiiililc,-' lli:it caiiiiol lu-lJ. rro|>. iiilfixtlilc.
llit(M"('slm,\" i'l<'ii:Mii;.!;. (/"/;// i.sl/ii/^)
Irilerlnrciicc,-' iikmIiiiUoii. linproinT. on /(/•,
IliloxiiMtcd,'' ilnilili. [iiitossidlnl. \ lossci-fttid)
lilliii'.iM',' ii scliciiic, srcrcl ••t»iic>-|»o!i(!i'iU';".
Iiitiiiisica!,-' iituard. real, .soli I, «i('miiii(',
Illtrusi\(!,"' apl to iiitnidc, <'iic:'oarliiii^-.
rnvalid,* wi-ak, ol'iio loii'i; or \'.(iol,(.
Invalid,"*' oiu- disaldrd 1»\ siiliiicss. {^iitral-iil}
Inveiiili'' (o rail al, dtM hue a''aiMsl.
Invidious,-' (Mivioiis, iMali<^!iaiil. [iit-riJi.'i-i/u.s)
Inwardly,'' scmtoiIv. also Inli/- {iii-iin/Jt)
Iota,- a |>oiiit, ;i tillh-, (irrcli ictt(>r. {i-ol-lttii)
Iridand's l']\ c,- i^dand near itiddin liarlior.
jrk,^ to vex. I'roMi tlit; Islaiidic iirh\ woiU.
Iron,- a conunon nsclul incial. (irc-nin)
Ironical,:' siiccrinii-. iJurharisiMJ in-iin-r-l.iil .
Irrolovanl,:* iiia|)|)lical)I(!. {irnri liinl)
Irron)cdial)lr,:i iiiciiralilc. [ir-n iii-al-ti-hcl)
Irreparaliiy,^ l)(!yond rccovrrv. {irrciurird!;!//}
IrrisioM,- liir art o!" Iaii;j,liiii;;- at aiiu'.hcr.
Is, llic third persuii singular.
iii-Htr-d
ill. SIM) jiiir-iubul
iiilc-jor
iii.k'ii i 1. 1^1
illlCI'.fHl.jllg
ii.-Icr. fci'iMKui
iii-luLH.(!.|iu-tod
ill 1 1 rc)r
iii-lnii .so-Ual
iiilnio niv
ill \';il id
in.\M-lo(lo
ill v:i
iii-viilyii.-j
iii-wurd-lu
i.(')l;i
iio liiiids-i
ink
I urti
i KIM o.UuI
ilMol O-VCKt
ir iiMiifdjunbil
ii-ic|)-iir.n.ltlo
Jr-ri/.li.Mituu
■ ■ y
if
il 111' void.
ml I he uicepter.
niialilc.
>|ii'akiiig,
since.
/ i<'iii|)crancc is
■<iiy.
iHtoriral pillar,
i>|iinioii, cxclu-
.'tlllv
I iiiaiks oil pa-
il, S. Aiiii'iica.
Im'iIs, mill all
.xiiloiublu ciiiii-
iiiy.
■f. Thfilr Inn-
rnycr. 'J'lioro
In fish. A ppu-
iil fzldSFy.
ill tliL- ;/ot.. I.' /
Inffrrr. I's con upliiiii i.x siiiiifliMics, lliioiujli cfinlrssiii'ss, uiliiiilli'il info schools.
Jiitn(-t. iS'iiMC pri)\ iiiii:ils •^\\i' il ,111 (iilli'ii'ji\- .■ip|i:ii:icliiii!; In in /rii.^it.
Jntriii^iiii!. An iilililiL' hi rlV limlciry, slimilil lir wh.li'ii iiiliiiis'ial.
Jiilnisii'i . is. < iiiiip.'ii.'i iM'l.\, a iiru wniii in iiiir iliriinii.iiit.s.
Iniuiliiitis. AImi piiiiiiiiiiiciii /;/ /•/(/ c (;.s, m 111 liilji us.
I'llii. Is iinw siipplicil liy ils (ililiicv iiilidii /,l^
/. (). v. .\ii iiliir\ i.'iiiiiii inr / <;«•( 11,111. A scciiiiiy liiiullii!,' fill lh(! party giving It, but
not iK'colialilr. Il .s n rii^'iiis< li In niir nnilts iiriiiw.
Jmhriint. Oiiumal'il m I'jiili.iiiH'Ml, .'^iiimc lliiity live ynrs siiiri-.
Iriliiiii/. \iilils 111 iiiir ( IriL-y l.'i.^idiMI aniiiiaj)-. lOsiiiiiaii li M'liiniH iif licr Inndod pro-
perty aic l'J,7 ir> riT'-y. lias .'i nijilliin inns nl w .i.ic lai.ds, lylnu' -III! Ici'l aliiivc tliO li Vi.'l of
thcsra. Ili'i iMP|iiila!iiiii, KiVJ, was |,l(M)d()!l, hiil in tin' i( nsii,- (ill.-,'!.— (.,Hil| H'J7 : her
rural (itic is tin' iIimmsI in Ijimpr. In i:ij .'i|. Tail II li iiilKiiIni cii l.allii, and I'or liiiir
ri'iitiiiii's Mt'ii'i, liai Mill'.', \\ liirli lanuuislii'd in all nilicr riiiiniiics, llniirislird in thiu. Note.
TlHMopprr ill '.Ms. nl' lijsli li.iirpcinc, is woi-ai liiil 'i>-. '.W.
Jron Ill-ill in- ; nl ii; i Mated hiii' : imr lirsl niit.' is ii\rr I lie Srvrill, <"nall>n>nl< Dale, Salop.
1.1. "Tlir waiii's olsin /.s- dralli." Ilniii. \i. 'Jl. This soil nl' Hiiiili'iici;, iIioiikIi an i-.x-
ccpliiiii, has iliiiii' iniicli 111 I'll;!! iid.r a pi'ipi'iiial linsiiliiy a^'ainwl tlio puriiy ul' our lan-
guanc. iN'nIc. W'aiM's, in .ininv sitiialiniis, ii.is iiii plural.
Jiivit.f. .VIsn an Iiisli siihsiiiiiic Inr iii\ iiaiinii, as, 'I ent an iiiviii' to dinnor.'
/« vill.s rniivcyniK Iniiil.-', 3 wilins-cs aii' iripiiicd, hut '.' niiiy iC iiir.---tinii/ property.
Jngrrta. 'J'lic aiiiniilit nl'klinwn lliilisli liisi'i Is, rniiii lliilasl ('cnsiis, is lO.UII^,
Jntrinsic. value of nnr shillinf.'H and sixpiMiri's ; llicsi.' H^i/. ilinso li^d. each.
Interval (iw-terval) One only ol'our oithofpisisplutea the cinplmtii* on icr.
■ i
il
(
88
31 ANT \h or o'.M ;i(iri"i .
li-sim
(_/'////) ist-mus
[irr-rr) i-viir lo
Isabella color,- reseiuhliiir^ dii-ty liiicn. i/.-ii-Inil-uIi
Island,- land surroutult'd l>v" >\ .iler. ( I'lilf) i-land
Islet-hole,- a small iiolo woil^rd wiih silk, *.Vc. i.iii.in.Io
Ism,- badness ofspct^cli or writing:;. An ndjimcl. i/,-«<iu
Issue,'-^ nn event. ; ''to send on!.
Isthmus,- a nock or jut of land.
Ivorv,- tlic toolh of the elc] linnt.
.).
Jacobite,- a partizan or adherent of .Fanu>s II. jik-o-liiin
Jalap,- a purjjalivc root. \ nl-;arly /i)//*)/). inl-iuii
Jaundice,'- a diseased liver. Corruptly /V///r///.v.i:i\vii-(lis
Jaunt,*'' to walk or travel ab.ont. ( /V//r/;/) Jani
vTenet,- a Spanish horse. S\)r]i vAso <■■( ncl.jou.nvi
Jennetin«T,oan early apple. Ov John-ttpplr. jcn.vi.'m
Jeopard,^ to put in danjror, hazar 1. {Jop.iiirl)iiOp.\mrA
Jeopardy,- danger, peril, narhnrously /oyi/z/v/r. ji |..iir.(i«
Jersey,^ an island on (he coast of iNornKindy. jt r./o
Jessamine,- a fragrant shrub. ()iten /</.vw;//t('. joH-sn-miu
Jetsam,- goods from shipwreck. A\so jcf.wii. jaunum
Jigger,- a species of flea. Properly r/z/^Tr. jTg-nr
Job,2 chance work ; also a natiu^, then yo/vr. job
Isahclla color. From a Spniiisli p^ill^.o^•s, liy pmiiu- Jsatu'lla, who vownl iiol to cimnuo
iier linen Ull Ost<Mul wn^ taken by licr tini)|is. Ii held diit a Ion;; tiun", wlini Iiit sulijrc ih
unwilling to call her linen dirtyy named ii isnin tlo. color.
Islet. Also a sniiill island; an Lstitlioh- is comnioiily c.illi >l ctl it livlc.
Isthmus. A late ortli(ie[iist spells ii ismus.
Italic. A word thus ]irinle(l in our liilile, denotes tliat it is not to ti>< Couiid in the oriftinat,
but has been added to clear np the passa';e. Tlie ojh' oidi reil i>y .la>iies I, and printeil
Ifill, took fifty-four learned men three' years oi traiislaiiii;;.
Italian catacombs. Vast suliterrunean tombs of the ancients, in via Ajiiiio, H Ii ngnes
from Rome.
Israel, (iz-ra-el) with Raphad, slionid b"; prononnced in tliieo syllahlen. The Is'aeliien
or Jews, were banished FinKlattd by Fidwanl I, hut ni-admiitrd by Oliver (""romwell.
Isleioorth. Proitetly tic- wurtk, but has a wide-spread barbarism oi i ■.ulirurl.k.
,/.• or jo(i consonant: anciently stood for / and /'.• before vowels lias the soft sound of
g : is used where ^ hard would he improper, as froc/,-. trniu, iaslead iifjiiil: and /oj'ti.
Jail. 8i\eH jail at gaol, but the former has a preiereiiei'. Tpwaiils oi .-'J.hVit prisoners
passed t.hrougll those of Emiland and Wales diirina the last year.
Jalap. So named from Xalnjxi. a Mexiean town, near which it rrows abondantly.
Jews. Came to England in lOT'.l. That part t\{'\\\<' city narticd ./.«vh street, was assign-
ed as their burial-place, which, in lO'.M), was the only mie they had in all I'nuland : they
have now six. Anciently wlien exeiMited in l''ranee, a .lew was huni{ between two dead
dogs. In Germany he is allowed to niiirry thirteen times, hut no more. Known by a yel-
low cap at Lucca, and an orange one in Paris.
Jew's harp. Supposed, by some, to ho ;'«(/)'.< horn sofieiu'd down.
.Tack Robinson, contes from iJiis line in an old poet, "As tys to sayu .7arJ. .' robys on."
Jt.mttivg with market snvans, but its proper nanii' [t^JutiKiUmr.
.Jacob. I saw a gentleman in America write it without one ot' iis projier li?tters. ^ r^M;) '
.Toby [he lived 140 years alter his misfortunes) is the oldest hook in tin; w.mui.
.Jesuits. Their number amounts to ',"i,7H7, of which, 1 1 Odd are priesis.
Jewels. The late coimtess of Huntiiicdoii sold hers to build a chajiel at llriglitnn.
.Japan [In] and China, agriculture, they say, is bett(!r nndersiooil than ainon;,' us.
Jigger, A small dangerous insect in hot ciitnatcs : it sometimes occasions even death
r.!.vMA:. «>r c,
no
-hcl-ah
nd
t.luil.!
Ill
slni
iir.is
III' l(!
-O.hilC!
-Ill])
\ii-(iis
I
i-iict.
i-cl-it\
i-piird
>-ur-d(j
-zo
(-sn-miii
i.siim
t-nr
wcil lint to cliniico
Wlltll lll'l SlllljO( Irl
mill ill the oriniiijil,
MIC::! I, tliul lll'illtl.'ll
i A/»/»'(;, n Iingiii'H
rs. 'I'lK! Isvai'iiiCH
er Croiiuvi'll.
•.ill-iriirl/i.
the solY H'llllKl (it'
tfjin/; i\ui\ join.
ol i-'il,(lTy iiriBuiicrd
ivs !il)iiii(1anily.
street, wiis assif^ll-
iill llii^'laiiil : they
ll"l\\ee(| 1\V(I (Icilil
Known by a ycl-
Jacli ! inliijs on."
iper MU'ru. ^rguj) '
III! W.ilUI.
at rti'iKliton.
an Minoiii,' us.
asionti even dtnth
Jocular,'' merry, \v;i;L:uisli, (IimII. (./"i^/iV -?/»-////) jok.yow-lur
WOdtl
Joiner,- a imtsou \vlu» |<iiii.s
Joinlly,' 1()^'.!.Ih:i', not S(!;>iM;i!(l;
(/////•A) joint-lo
Jointure,- a wile's propcriv. C'orniptly/////-"'/'. jiii' l«lmro
Joiiq
„osik!
Jovial
uille,- the tia
ir.Mlil.
XHI^arly /"////. j.in-Uil
((> run a^am^^U piisii
:i
|oily, iiieiry, airy, j;'ay,
Jowl,"- lljo clicclv., head ol' a lis'j.
(.
(U-'-ll
X
'0
;1
o r/// j )uvi;-yu
I
\i
jniil) j,i|i
' hi! '
i< W-lMl
Julep,- a iKiiiitl niediciiie.
Jurat,* a Ciupdrate, or horois^rli iiKi^^islraa:
K.
Kuuosh,- a slii|»'s kitcheii ujidii ilecU. ku-liousli
Kebcrs/-' a sect at Isyalun) n\ Vcrs'td. Ko-liurs
Kecks," dry h^lalks : or hcl-^oj. Also hex. (/</.r)keks
Kocllmle,-' to dniji iiinler (he Iuh;!. (/rrr/-//</w7) keol-Ii lil
Kelson,* lli»> wood next the keel. kcl-smi
Kennol,- a lu)\i.se I'ur do<i;s. \'tiltj;arly hiiiiu'L kr-ii-ncl
Kerclucf,'-^ a cloili vised in drossin<f the head. kur-ohiifu
Kern,-' an Irish ibot-soldior or hoor. {kni'ii) kum
Kersey, - a coarse woollen stull". (^rc-zc) kur-zo
JuiiquiUr. LiKcwhiC writtt.'li/oHf/ii//. Soineliincs h\»\\ jniiiiuil (JDii/r//.)
Juil<fc. Salary ol'Cliiel' .liist'ice or .liMltie nl' the KiiiuV jti'nrli. I Klli, was KW. ir!.<. lit.
Iiir)(|iirii iiioiii'v : now lll,t)(K)/. a year, wlijtti exrceils llie ollirialinroiii<> of the I'nileil
Slatfii" wluile .supicKic ((iiirt. In lime iil' Kin;; !'il!j;ar, llu; Wuid aliliriuan diMioluil iijuilgc.
Jalrjf. Tliisc(iiii|iinni(l is iiM>lal\eii for llie root.
, .httiticiK ill /'(//•(, lire llii.se who Join iiey from [ilace In plaoe to liolil assi/.eH; tllU Ollti-
qiiity of wiiicli may he ^li'aucil from l;M S.iii'.iiel, c. 7, v. (li. Appointed IDTC).
./Mni.-.-, ait! ol' llnee kiml.-i— tiraiiil, I'elly, and t'pi.'t'ii^l. Tlie liiHl cdiisiHtM of tweiUy-
fdur isiilislanlial men — llie iieM of twi'lve only in eriniinal and i'i\il casos — and tile labt
an; selected fiom freeholders and ^.'eiillenien of Liiiit-ideialion.
■ liiL'glc. To snlislllule it for a juish, .t'u./.c, or iii(ini\ is considered vulgar.
Joilicij (a lior.u' rider). Ilis/'cc upon a iiice is .'i,'. wIkmi he wins, and 'M. if h(! lose.
Jonsuii'x Itohadil, is taken ftom a vain ;'lorinns raptiiin in the diikc of Alva's army.
Journey (a days). In the [scriptures, iaXi inilis, and a Sahbath day's 730 puueu.
jDins l);it otip sound and is iiiiito if followint' r at tlio end of a word. Is tlie souiul of
chin tiriii/iiiiii ((lriii\iiiii),\in\ not in (Iriir/i:!! Idr..;:!]. RIan>' |)ursons write a double uiii;
tliiis,— (/ ilimlilr A/.-,— iliereliy ipiadniplinir the number. Kote. In words of one syllable
/; thou;;!! preceded by c, is constaiilly relaiiied.
Kxliirn. AVIien one <lies, till' body is prepped against a wall: if a rnven pic|{ out llie
right iiji', III!" .veil/ is coiisideicd .s(f_/'c ; Inn if the Irj't, it is ))ionoiiiiced lost.
Kelson. !i;some parts of the wi'st of I'.niiland It isslill pnmouiiced kiilsrn.
Kcrchiif. fancifully suppased by some lo he an abbii viaiion u\'niil(ircliiif.
CoeKNKYisM :—"']". lal's isingiii (St. John's) fcitroot." I'ljpe in the fidlowiiig iiuolation,
evidently avails liimsilf of the poetic license,
" Awake, my Si. ,l„liii (Sni-/iiii),\i'n.\c all meaner llilnf;s
'I'o low ambition and the p.ride of KliliJSi" —
■V'l-mARisMs :-h'i/i, l.ng, l.iitKl,, &i hiinil, for h.iii,kig, intc/i, Si. hcniiil, a watertotirsn.
ItlSMARK
Tis all ill a,/,)(«f7ry/,'" a word not to be found in our lii^xicons. It ip
meant for an aiiiile of fniniime in the la, i s!a>:e of d, cay, or a piece of needle work witli
much '■iiliiplicated awkwaullless in it.
I
l. .
I
I;
i^
40
M.vNr.vi, or onrnonPY.
Kc'ttlp,' a vessel for iioilin^- \\;i;rr.
Koy,-^ an iiistrunu'iit lO opcM a loclc
lu'ttiil
lIC
isiiaw,'-' iuj oilii (lisli.
I
Kick
s\ .\viclxst>v,- a woicl ofdisilaiii.
rotii «iiifiii>tccno.^r. luk-slnw
Kiln.- Ibr bricks, v<^:f.
Kiinl)o.;i (M'ook'.Ml, liciit, arc
KIX.('.\VIX-(J
Aii:-iiMitlv ^^;)<;I(. liU. Ui|
iH'il
K
;ni).')a
iiHl.'f hriunolcnf.
.Vlii't'iciih- caluMl liind. lundc
Kirk,-' a (•!mr«Mi ; liio c'.Hirch ol' Scollaiul.
lunlv
Kirllo,- an nj)]H"r <;iirnu'nt.
Kitcl)
{'■ar.fhll) kiir.tnl
icn,- a room U80(i or (lonn^sWc [iiii|i,)sc
i:ifv!i.(!r>
Knal),'' to ;rna\v. A!
Knaj''<;v,'' knotlN'. Inipi'oj). written with (Mk; <'•. ti;'(r.,'o
so a low w (Ud lor (•':f<ii. nnU
Knap,- a swcliinj^', prominence, (n!(.
ii,-.l.
K
apple,-' to hite,
5pclt. inipr(*pei!y laiaplc. iiii|).nIo
llii|)-UaiC
napsaeiv,- a soltlicr s ha^ or po:i<Mi.
Knare,- u hard knot. Also knur or Iiiuirlr, naro
Knave, T a petty raxcal, sr^omuhel, can!. nnvo
Knead,"* to ini\ don^h with (he hand. nocd
Knell,- a ^olcnni toll. 1]\. NVelsii rnll. nol
Kno\v,~tho pro'crile of /.//o/r. (/;//) now
Kniie,-a ntensil. Muk; here ahont II'JO. nifo
Knif-hf,- a title.
l-'irst nsed here in H<)7. nito
Knitting,,-, making sloekinj;- work. Cor. /h7'//.nit.i:i},'
AV/^V. "The /./Vrf Mills iin /,//• r»;-" (rnvci}, willi— " I ]\U<' l.nwj'rls" [cnmfits,] it.<r'
li'W rockiipyiniis, wliii li il imisl he I'DTirc^snl nl'lcil Uiixcl llic pioN iiiccs.
AVy. I'DiiiM'ily rc('ci\c(l iis a wliai I I'ur l;iiiiliii!,' i;in ds mid llii'ii iHiiiKninccd A'n. Bit
[bilr] of (I 1,11/, or wiiril-\i;\r{, i- usually sinlt ilnis. hiil |iiii|ii'ily, as (>>iiiiiciate(l, bite.
Kiln. '1 Ills word, aiiM'iiir lli" illili rale, Is i:siially iiiiiiiuiiiii rilyi///.
Kimhn. nns a tt'iioially iirclivcd In il. — " As Ills arms wcic n /.iiiilid."
Kind. 'I'Ik; saiiic r(*iiiarK alirady li('sIo\sc(l ii|i(iii frmn-il aii|pli(s alsn licir.
Kiiin- [llic] ::: I'li^laiul never wears li!ai K, liiil i:- ilcillied in iiiirpli; as inDiirnlli!;. Tho
licliel liiat \w si;,'im a (/ (it/iiraniiiit, is a loiiiiiiini error.
Kivir'.i }iriiitrr. Is o! '(;ed to pi lilt all AcN mdeied, liowrvi r remote, and in lilark |p|-
fer, &c. ot" vviiicli two i' three iii|iies oiil>' may he waaled, at an allowance nf I0«, pnr
ropy, nlllioiiL'li at an e\,peiis(; ol' ■!!»/. to l.iiiisrli'. IIcik r, ( niir-ideriiii; liis ;;ri'al rcspoiisihi-
lity, iind that he i^i alsoohli^ed toi<eipii;ia hea\y .stock oil he .Acts, hisollici: is not qilitu
toiiiiicli of a I'ortiiiiatus' cap as jii'iicriilly suppesco.
Kinffliiixr. Improperly siipplUd hy l.iii^lit, in i^ir W. Scoll's history of Scotland.
Kiutb. '■ 11 /.• is followed hy n at the hr^iiiiniii!,' of words, il is iiniloiliily tiiille.
Kniivr. loniierly iiieaiit a male I'hild or sirx aiil, hut in ihis seii.-e is now olisolele.
Kiiarr.i, on >ila> iny; caids, are iii<aiit to d< s^mde srrvaiils id' Ihe knif/lils: simdr.t ro-
present tla^ ii';iillily : iliniiiiiiit/s, nicnhaiiis and ciii/.eiis : /irait.-t, ecihsiartics: and < /iihn,
luishariinieii. Whilst \lw four i/idius are those of Aiuiiie, IVtIier, .hidilli, and Pallas:
nnd the four kiiivs intended lor Ita'.id, Alexander, Casar, and Cliarli'ina'.'iii.' ; foiiiulei.sof
the four priat monarchies of the .lews, (JreeUs, Koin.uis and l''r.iiiks.
Knell. First used ahont the ye.'irlilH). Hpeli with our i only hy I'l'- .Tolmsoii.
Knrw- The preteiile nf Inunr is harhrironi-ly convened iiilo / ■/"//'/.' hy llie canaillf!.
Kiticrht.. If [ireceded hy a vowel, with a lerininaliiiy coiisoimt, ul, are not nsi'd.
Kvittiiip, 'I'lifi kniliiii!; stocking frame was invented hy the lii'v. W. I,ee, l")!l!l.
Kkmark: — In dcscrihiiictthniise hv the sideof the 'riinmes, it is usual to tidd,— " l-Tland-
ing on tll»; ft/iTiA.s- of the Tliaines " This is clearly a mistake, as the same house cannot
O'Tiipy both sides of a river;— "Slamlini; on the .Sliildlcsex, Slurry bank, or sulu of tlm
Tliaincp," should be the phrase,
.MANU.vr. or oiviiioj-.i'v
41
IvMoMxm!,'' full Ol* kU(»I)^
Kiioli,'* l() riufi; (irsoiiiid as a I.
|Mi()t,"t.iu' /<>''■ litK! divided iillo liali' liiimitrs. not
l-viKdtcd,'' lull urhniils.
Know l(;(l"t',- loiiniiiii!;.
(>
r niidli!/. iiui,-i'<l
{nJc-h['i «,V .'/('• //V// ) liol-ludj
Kind),'' to Ix'iil willi tli<; kntuiklcs. i)v Inui'ahU. wwh
JuiiicMo-doun,-' lads' Icirii at a |il.iy called /^//f'. nidi.vd.do
wn
(./■''//)
nil
U-old
iiuf
Kmudvled,-' lia\ iii<;- knuckles, jointed.
Knnir," iin awkward person, clou ii, boor,
Koran,- 'I'urkisli bibU;. Inipro. culled alcoran, Uo-ran
L.
La !'" sec ! look ! behold ! Vid<j,. called lor. luh
Jiabidiiction,- a weakening. {lah-r.Ja/,-..shnn)]a..ho.!'iik.Hh[in
Lidxd,- ii shorl. direction. Improperly Inh-ul. Iii.ljul
Labial,-' relatin;^' to ibc lijis*.
Labor,-' pains, toil.
{Idh-ytil) lii.bcul
Formerly. sj>elt hiiniur. huliur
Laboratory,- workshop of a chymist. (/^//'-/Y<-/f') lab-ur-a-tur-o
Jjubra,- a lip, brim, briidi, ed^e
(lul>-r(i)\\iht\i
liubyrinlh,- a ma/{!. Corrupt, called hil)-rriUh.\i\.h.\\T-\ui\\
]
aceralM)n,- act ol tearni"?.
(/
((M-Niir-iiifi
h-ii) 1
us-so-ru
yliur
lak
Luc,a ill India 100,01)0 rii|)COs, or 10,000/.
Lackey,'- a (\)olboy, servant. Ancienily hrrqnri/. liik.ko
Luconicisin,'-i a pithy style.
(/a/.-
on-iz.um
)la.L
on-o-siz-um
ill
I
osKmiiccd A'rt. Bit
icitilt'd, biCc.
s iiii)iirni[ig. Tlio
', and ill lilnr ({ |f>(.
\aii(c III' IKv. por
s ;rii';il n'S|)()ll::jl)i-
sdllici! JH not quite
if'SciltllllKl.
iimly iiiiitc.
low (lll..^(ll('ll'.
li(.'llls: s/iiii/rs ro-
i.i?ti( .s: iiiid tliiliK,
iiliili, and 1','illas :
au'ni; ; rouiult;r.sof
ilinson.
I Ik; r.uiaillf!.
I' not iisi'd.
I,<i', l'>!l!l.
t.iadd,— "filnnd-
uiiu lioiifii! cniiimc
1, ur sidti of tliQ
Kiiiii'hlril. T.ovv term (or piMsonal avarico and iiclly iiiircriiig.
hninii niid h'iii^. Ai .liid::<'!4 (■llalnlll'l^;, in Irclaiid, Knuckt th arn for HarrlHtcrs, nnd
bf'lls lor NolicitniH. In ^'(•lllland, ih(>:i' only arc fjciiicc'l, wliilHt tlnisu ar(! vulgar. TliO
loriiH'r, in lOn^land, arc set apail lor inisin ■,■•.■;( 's, and tlic laitcr, ilicir iimids.
Kiniirtriliri- occasions nincli disptili; anions crlliis ; aliovc mill, .'py is llic \w.iU
h'lml. VVIicii ^nil(M■s .-^a , 'llic ship's "oiip'.- ii;/lil hauls,' il means iiir),t wilin an hour.
Koran. Tin' licsi iraM.;laiioM is .>lr. . "talc's. ' il is conl'cssddly writK.'ii with tlic utmost
purity and clc^aiici!, and in tli< dialccl ol' ICorcisli, thu iiol)li;sl and pulili'al ul'ull tliu Ar-
at)iniis.
J,. I'rniioimcrd iiiono Insiancc, c»/(/7(r/ (kiiriiiil) like r: with / and s, ocrasioKally
used doubly, which pcrpl< m-s ihi: learned ; iliis nil^lit bu iivolded by using thuiii Eiia);ly,
as oilier consimanls, and \\(iiild be ilmiic analogous.
I.iihnr. The v heini; nseles-i, is now discarded : il is, moreover, its pure latin furmatioit,
I found it paid liii;!i in America. A f^cavenuer receiving' a dcjllar per day.
I.al/iirivli'i. Oiir cliiel' is in llamptoii Court: the ancjenis Italy, (.'rule, Lcninos mid
I'uypt. 'I'liat of I'nainiticun contained, in one wull, with one entiancc, lUOU liouseu and
I'J royal palaces.
J,ucf. A milllary man al iMnnich, has succeeded in making lacvby Caternillars !
J,a! Supplied !>lso by iwoollnT \ iilj.'nri.-nis, /i;//, and Itiiik.
l.aliil. Also a loni; liiin biMss inle, ut'ed by iiiatljeniaiicians to take altitiideti; a Blip of
paichmeiit annexed to a (h imI : and peiiilaii! ribands Ircnn a mitre or uuionel.
JMiiiivoliini. Oueol'onr earlli st orih()e|iisls insists upon accenting this word on its
KCCinid syllable, for wlilcii lie ipiiites usa.'e and rejects aiilhorily.
l.iiriiiiii:. is derivcil I'roiii liPconia, ilie ancient city of l.acuibi-inonia, tlio inhabitants
of whici! were celebrated for a coii<i.-e style, both in H|)eakin;.' and writiti!». ^
/.(ironic I. "III. Likewise spelt liu-dui.-iiii, and llicii pronounced lak on iz enj.
N'oi'K ; — LaboiillK bunkir iiUtilur) is creejiinm ililo use, lait unadvisedly BO, as it necCB-
sarily confounds itsult with the ieuding brancli of uur coinuicrciul world.
G
H'
1 -y
1 "■
ill f
il 1
43
MAMAl. Oi- OUllKii:
Lacteal,^ conve\ inf>; oliylo. ('(»rrnptly lnht-uul. l.iK ir nl
L;ulyl)inl,'.' ii J'lul iiiscci. i.N)iii(juiiU".s ludjcoir. lii.d. ImnI
Liiiniu,-' to b-'ii.t willi ji I !!(Im-l. ,1 /i//r irord. lam
Lainiiui,- lliiii |>l;iU>. IMi.imI Ln.iiinr. !.im i-.titi
Ijtiinb's.wotd,- li([iior nfalc iuul roasted ;i;)[ih;. 1. mis. wool
Ijanunus,- the 1st olWu^^u.st. I'r-uii /•//;(7>-..,(/,v.v. i.iiii.in.iH
liUmpljlucU/^ a sooly subs'.aiicu lor paiiitiii;^. him I ',uU
Lamprol,- ail (;ol. Also iiiiji;)i'('ij ixnd iaiiiitrvn. \.in\-[n\:\
Lancli,''' lo dai!, to cast as a Laiuc. !,iut.-li
Lanarious,*' relating' to wool. {I(ii}-(iir-i/i{s)],\. uii.u^.wn
Laiul<;rav»^,- a (Jcrinaii title, count, oail. linul-nnivo
Laiulloper,'-' a landman. JNautic. land-luhbcr. !uiiil.l()|)o-iir
Lansc|iienet,-f;aM)o at carJs. (/.'.•;/,'/^.s7,//i/H/)liin.tikcn.ut
Landward," near tho land. Vnlij;. called Uiii-unl. imul-wurd
Laniate,'' lo tear in pieces, roiid, kill, (lan-.'/c!) la-ac-aio
Lapicide,- a stone-cutter. C'ornipily lap-c-sUl. lapc-hiilo
Larceny," theft. J'roperly lurciiiy. (/f//'r-//r)l;ir.sc.iio
Larch," lofty tree : its j^nin tv'y//Vr turpcMitine. laitsli
Lark," a singing bird: there arc 15.5 species, lurk
Also a low word ibr p/t//////if t/ojoo/.
Lamm,- an alarm. Corruptly (//-/(ir-um. hir-mm
Latches," loops made by small ropes. Or /u-snc't;. jid.sh.o/
Ladder. " Walk round, not iiinin; a ladtirr," .-^aid 'lie aiiriotil-J, who fluaii'lll if, with
scliool-hov s, uiiliicUy; whilst aiodciiis;, nioii' ica.-iiiialiiy, tliiiiU ii liazanlniis.
Jjudybird. Thu I'liau'li call Ilicai Jtimuisi //r.-:, aail Ila; t-i olih, I'ir^nii .\I iri '•..■< .
Lag. Wllt'ii \\tn\i\ l)y till' null), llioy a|iii('iiii aiuilhcr wonl, a( — " fl.''s I'ti; la.H."
LaviVs-wtiol. llocaUHi! Uio palp ot an appio nscailili s iho wndlnCa laaili.
Jjaiiili-mas.s (lainnias.) From liu: iciiaat.: ol' V;iik rilia.--irr iiiiii;,' olili^rd, hy their tiMi-
lire, to bring in a. livo laaib, at lii;'li mass, on th>' It.; day of Am'.UHl.
Jjampbtarli. A lalo i)liiliiIo^',cr nisists upoa tla' /» in Ids oriliofpy td'tliin word.
Lanch. Ot'rcii wrillun litiiudi, and, says Or. .lidiUbi'M, is only a coiruiaii n ot lance.
Lantvni. Also lanthorn, case lor a candli!. In\.'Tiii;d liy i\iau AlCuil.
J^argc. Sppak<;rs and wrilias, in alladinit to tla" cvtiiii oi'a ciiy or Iowa, add, — " It i.<
tlie laigcut in tho world ;' an imporlanci; wlii<li lllcy riaii'ia on itll places of ma).'niliult'.
As the biiperlalivt! ailmils of no coiniiaiison, "U is one of thu !ai;^;ur cla^.s ol' ciiiiH or
t'lwns," would 1*0 more rmrcct.
Lakes (Land of the) Cainula is llms iiniMiuI, from its ahnial.ait hnpiily nf inland water.
Lakes. There ar(! t-ix that lie heiweea llie ll.iuih ti>n ilorics and ilie Hniird JSialrs. —
Many iiav(! no visible snpply or outlet, a.'! some in Mi'tlirt'nbin.'ili and Mol,- Iimu. I^argeat
ill the world Ih Lake Superior, N. Amerira, hein;,' lOi) miles loiifjaial T!) broad.
Laid. Properly, witli jniid and ..■»/(/ .-^Iiould be spelt Inind, /iiuii'l. aad .•<iii/'d.
Lamb's-tun/Tur. in buyiiu;, ri.'.jaires c;iri', as sona; \ ;:ail< rs ^;lllislilnle thai of a dog.
Landlord of an inn, (-tc, can deiain his ( usionuT uaiil he lias piiul his bill.
Language. 'J'he piincipal oftlit? ancient lani'iiaiies are the II'Ijh'W, iIh; (;i(ek, and the
Latin: those nf the modern are the Italian, Hpani.^ii, I'renrli, and JCn;^li:-h. The nandier
of known Iun(»ua(>es t-poki.'U is liiib-l, of wliieh l-i(l(i are in America, '''ntilish tan;;na;ie
WHS the last formed, and is more of a tumpound than aii) oiher. Tlay are far more
niimcrons in .Asia than in lUu'opo.
Largest kalfU u con'iinon plnasc, as if a half eoiild he le.ss llian an erpial slmre.
Lancashirf. lias ^"1 catholic chapils, t! s<'lif)o|s,aad 7!l resident piiist:). 'I'liirc arc also
one bishop, two vii;ars-penera!, and fiuiriicn prii sts in 1 'piier Tanada.
Land. From a survey taken in 1'7(), iIh' ipianlily in ilnuland, ilicn a; proprinled to hn™-
bandry, was 32,000,(100 nercs, iin value, at tli.u time, 705,fiOO,0<)U.'.
>I.V,\f M. nr OK Jitui'.l'V
43
III
mikI
i'M.l
•\\Ui)l
lll.is
1
IC-IIS
lilVIl
ii|iu.ur
JUMI-Ut
uiinl
-aio
!<iiIo
■no
iin
•oz
loiii-lu if, with
ii>.
\I lrti:,-i.
r lll.H."
ill.
il, l)y tlifir ti'ii
viinl.
II ul /{iiirr.
I, iidil,— " it u
oriiiaf.'iiilii(|c.
;i^.s iifciiiiH or
■iiilnnd u'fitcr.
iili(i iSiali's.—
i''iii. J.aijicst
ml.
/nl.
of II iUi".
1)1.
!n't'I<, and tlio
'I'lii-' tiiiiiibrr
linli laiijiuH^u
aio iiir iiioKj
>-'nnn;.
III ro aif iiIbo
rinlcil lo ima-
|,;i(('!i('t,'"' ;i f.isl.ciiiiin;. (,r sli.ic-striii'f. I,,N'i nt
l,;illi,'-ii (!iiii jHccc v.uud, ('nnl'. willi I'h'hr. \,\\i
li-.idic.'-' a tiiMicr'!; .ol, a (iivision lA'n c, )mif\ . latlm
I,:ilisli,'' .s<t|||('\^■liat Iain, lis |>ri,iiiliv(' is Ix'ltnr. I;i.fis|i
liMlria,- llin liij^'lic'^l v/orsliip. Inijiroi). t(if-r(-(i/i.]u\..rv n.
Tiatroc-iny,'- llicl'i. \(Mv coiilracliMl /(trcfiii/. Li- l;j,!,.ro-n(!-iio
(cral v<;r>ii()ii c'i I'dtrwiiiimif. [la Iroficiic)
T.ntliMi, Iiltiti,-' l)ia?v^. I'roiu Ih;; \\:A\\\u Idllit.y.A.'m
fiiitlicM^'- a window I'onnod ol nclv.ovli. l.it.tin
liUva,- iiiallor Winw ;\ \(il«'aiio. Corr. /(//rr(iJi.]»\'.\n or la.va
Ijaiidamim,- a ."^"porilir. liuclnro. {(<>'l-nin}>)].{\.t\n.n\un
Laiifjii,'- a iniillirul iioi.so. AliiM-lcdiy A;/, limt'
Tiiiiif:;lil(M',-a MKM'rv iioin**, sporf. (/■//-/<•.,"/•) liiaC-lcM-
TiaiiiKdi,-'' to pill t(» S(!a, <^:r,. Vul;.'arly hiiriifsh.Urn^U
Laundry,'- a \vas'iiii<^f room. {/(i!rii.(lri)\,u\-i\To
Laiirc!,'- t!io iiaiiu' olau cvfrfn'octi |)Ianl. Inr-ul
Tjaw,- a rnlc, (trdcr. Low LoimIoiku.s (;all il /o?\ hm or law
Lawfully/ in a lawful manner. (/f/n/'-A;) lau-fiill-lo
liawycM','- ono who nrarlisci^ law, a ploarlfjr. law.yur
Lazar,- a por.'^on adlirlcd with di.s"as(.'s.(/fA/:;.7/r) la/./.tir
Laziir-hoiiso,'- a rcmptaclo for la/.ar.s. (/<//.;.»//') Inz-ziir-Iioua
Liiizy," idly, slollilnlly, .'^lii;fi;i.s|ily. la.zul-lo
Lea,- ground enclo.sod, a lawij, iicld. lo
I.nthr. Wlirn tlio (livi>i«n nfii riiiiiilry, tlicii proiinimccil Kiiniiaily tnlnth.
J.iitln. WiiK the I iiiiiiiioii laiii'ii:*"!' iiT It.'ily iiiiiil .IHl. Ilimiiaiy is llii; unly niUinn In
wliicli il isi iiiiw s|i:i!iiiii. Aliii|i.;liiil 111 rorc-iscs iiC law in 17I!I. Il was riirtn<!<l, hiiiimi
Nay, liy \\w iiiiiUNjon ol'a ciilonv nl tin 'I'lasiil, or (irrcks, iipnii Uii! Kiiiliri, or Alioiiuineii
ul'lialy: oIIhts inaiiilalii, II, wailln' lai.^'iiari! of P.'irailix.', and will In; llii! liiHt Npokcii.
J,iiti.ili. Addnl to .v()»h/>7;, .'tiid otliiim ol'ilils tiiiiiiaiioii, am of low oriulii.
Lattice. ( 'lii'((iirrs, upon (In posliTii oC a puliijc Iioii.kc, ilcnotr that a ('aiiio cillrd Inhlcit
may lie playiil wiilon. Ily aiiproNiniatioL; lo a hiiitrr, and liriiiy paiiilud red, tlicy w<;r«
corrnptly lalli'd llio rcil litliirr, anamli'Mt lt:rni Cm iilr /idu.ir.
/,,rt(r. 'I'lic ri'lriltiaii'd Vilii' law-*, iVoin whcnci! jli:' Ilnnian wcio tal<rn,()W(! Ilioir ori-
gin to IIioko oI'iMosch. riri;ini(? a pioi'rssion in llii^ ri'i,";!! oi' W'illiairi llulns; and in that
oriliMiry III, wc fust read 111 cmiMM'l, [iIimiIimx and iid''orali'fi. VViliicsacs in ruir law
cdiirtH ri'rrivi', a prori's~^i«tiiil man two u'liinuas, a ;',<.'iitIi.'Miaii one, and cuiiiinoii imin .'i?.
daily. Till' I''iiiilal law wa^.' in^lilllt<■d !()■<(».
\iiitr!/rr. liniiio|!i'ily iipplii'd lo ilii' nu'ani'st pf'tTiroi.M'T. Tly art of parliamnnt in HCt-t,
wiMi' linilicd to six lor SnU'idlc, si\ I'nr Xoi folk, and two Cor Uw city ot'IS'orwIcli.
Uair.-'vit. 'I'lid loiii;rsi lint! iipnii ri^coid ivviriiil Ix'twi'i'ii Ihi; lii'irs oC a Vi^'f•ollnt Lislo
nild llio.'-o oC lioid Iti-iki l.y ; i oniinriirin:.' in lliii rri';!i oC l^dward IV'. and liMniliiatitit; in
tlial of .lanirs I. — lining a pi riml iii'oin; Immlicil .and I wi'tily yiarn. In lln; <'oiirt at Wfl-
/lar, llp|irr IMiini'. wi'ii' l.-d.liuii raiisis iiiiilii'idi .1 in liDII! wliilsl in Denmark, luut year
(IKtl) I i.l.OO cases wi'li' dicldrd willmnt. c,V|icn.-i'.
Ill/;/, ('ornijilly cvchanL'i'd l'i>r lir, iiiiil rifi' n r.in, "^vliii li ii-i also a rocUiipylHitl.
IjHznr /{"«■"'. So named alter lia/.anin, riieiitioned liy the I'lvani'dintH.
Ticrt. Spelt .also // (• and liif. I have met with many pcrdoiiM, who upon reading this
word in tliu Ibllowin? liiieoCOiay's Klef:y, —
"The lowiiif! Ileitis wind slowly o'er llu; Ira" —
have RUpiMifod, nnlil set ri-jht, that the poet alluded to herds cros.sin;^ Lra Tiriilfrr.
Layman. In a liook, prinli d at Koine, called—" 'J'a.v of the Hacred Koinnn Cliancory,"
ifl entered, with other suiii.s for llic jianlon of any peculiar xiv, ilie following, — For nvr-
dtrivg (I IdymnVf T.i.
;j ' .»
u
i\ r
^'1
-11
MAMM, or oirnii.Tirv.
licnd,-'' to ^o first, {Tiiido, coiKltirf, «]r.n\'. ). ,!o
Load,'- llu; next lu'a\i(;.sl imial l»» i:»'!d. 1. .1
Ticat'y,-' lull (»!' leaves. ( 'onuutly liffr. I,. Co
IiCnp;n('.- w conlediiracx , measiir" oCiliriM' miles. |,.cir
linarued,'' Imvinj:; lemtiin;^. \'n!;!,Mi'ly litni'il. ii.r ncii
Tjeaniedly," with hn(»\vle<|M;(! or .sMlJ. (/^^/•//'/•/'') Irir-nmLlo
Tjeus(>r,'- one wlio .';!"aiiH or |)!el;.> up eoiii. I,, /nr
licasji,'-' ii braec! and ii lull*. Imjiroi'eily /.".v. |,.,..sii
r.easl,'' smalU^st. ConloiiiKled with /ev/. |,. ..,.(,
Loasin<;-,-' lies, ralsc^linod, deetMt. (/''''•■-/".i') li'-ziitR
TiOavcd,-' liiriiislied witli Inlia^c. riii|)ro|». /rr///. i,.,:vM
JiOaveii,-"' lo li-rnxMit, taiiil. Soindimes i< nii. |,.v viia
TiOCtionary," Uoniisli Herviee-l)ooI(. {/i/:s-iittr-()\, ;,.s|miii ui lo
Tjcctiirc,- a foriiial (liscoiir-(>. i\lso Ick-lslntrr. irk-ic'vv.iir
Tjoctiirosliip,- oll'nM! of a leeiiirer. (/r/r-/»/*-'.A//') !ik.lo\\.iir.sl)i|i
.TiCncli,-a v.aler worm. AiMiiciiily a iiiii/^iriiiii. ]i.,.\-^\i
Leeward,-' oi>|)osi(o tlio wind. Com. /m'-iiri!. ]u\.\\i\n\
IjefTute," a i>o|)isIi a' haMsador. ( 'om. lig-gil. \v<t.{rn\o
Legatee,'-' one who lias a Ii>fraey left. I<vr-;i''» <«'"
Legator," tnakcH a will and leaves logncies. In.frn.tor
Legend,'- a fabulous story. Corruptly Icilj-iiiul, Ic.jond
Legislalion,'- giving laws. {/ic.jish./tt.s/iini) Icdjisli-h-slmn
"iicail. Tlu; or'lincpy <i! ilii-i wdiil, nml oC llic iii'\l, iicriili'vc; fnrci'miTM cxrccdiiu'ly.
\,rail. Sonic crilii's olijcil \ortli. in lijiilirnl Wiil, lnjun uiM :il to Inul ; lliiy wmilil ic
romrru'rul .•». Hut siirclv losny, "I miii ilic Liuii ilu' (iml, w Im lr,i,h th \\\ri- hy ilif ujiy ilmii
sliouldst go," i:- inil'li litter (in liw liiMJcsly dl Ilu- ltrl;y, lliiiil Ilic iJiiitMnoni'nl (uvui i\\'lraiU.
Jjcnffur. VVliCM !i|i|ilic(| to a ( oiirnlciacy, i.-. iiili:ii viil'.'.uiscd ijiio ii dissvllalilc.
Iifla)). Its Idiij! |iarlii:lplc I'oiin is now di.-.ii.<((l, Iiciiiij generally uiil'rii tiapi.
Ijcarneilnuii Irnrnl. 'i'hcir toiinacliori.-', //■«;•/!/ and /<////, arc irii|ii(ipcr. /.cnvr<!, nc-
COrdillK to bolaiiislH, arc Ilic iiiiisclcr cila iilimt, i.iirl cdii- hiiilc llu- lim|j;s (d'cacli liiid.
lirasrr. iJniiimoii people wiil iiol i iiaii'.'c Hie mmiikI nl'llii' d.
tira.ih. HporlHiiicM are apt to roiil'omid it v.illi Ilic husr of a liniisc.
Iirarii- 'I'o learn is lo rrrr/cc iiislniriiDii, luil [itlmrh i>i lo iiDinvl il ; -lieiice liieir dis-
tinclioii, and tlic iiiisappliiatioii n( the word in ''I w'tW hum liim "
liravc (to) for (rood, i< a eoiiiiiioii Iml iiiipinpiT phra-^' ; i^lniiiidlie rutin h/, nr fur rvcr.
Jjrctvrc. I'ropcrly a wrilleii, ikjI aii cvlcnipnre Mdijeei. ('(uriipily calli:!! hL.lnr.
\jrdgrr. Its riiriit and leii jiau'c-iarc; iiimil)eied alike, (;,i .'I, Ii — 1, •(. Onr leiicr <:li|>pcrH
liavc not yet distnrhed llie '/ in tliis word, a." in lliai of i.Uid/rr.
Ijrrr/i. I liiivo known a iicimhi soevpcrl and siicessriil at l,:cik nilvhivi;, in Ilic niarnli-
CB of Kent, as to tiiake liis./i/.v pimmN a day <viili cas'c.
'ijcft. " The stock oC l\Ir." , // /'/ oirirad.." I'ropcrly— "tr/(o hn/f left nfl'lriide."
"Lcfrnl.or. Istlin< anr'CMted,in ordr'r lo disliiuiiisli it from its rorri'lalive, hfrulir..
TjFprnil. Oriyiiially a Imok in Ciilliulic cliiin lies, sUired \\ illi tin; iiislory of Kalnis and
their perforinaiiccs : wiiirli was hiid aside atllic Iteliiiinalioii.
\,rpiil. rtn'ls f^'i\iiii' llicni) licL;aa In ('i.-iiic.', lo siippre-.- a tcnd'^nry to litisalioii.
hij't.-haiiiL Nalii'c would list; it like llie ii;.'hl, were il not I'nr nurses; whirli is to hn
rcgreited, as life fiinii^lics iiiiiny occasioiiH for iJie yjual use of both ; ilicy cuiitaiii fifty-
four bones.
lifibnitz, in hii' Invar?/ iin'tJiwrlir, uses 1 and only. Tlie cipher mnltiplics every
thing by 2. Thus 1, is (ine : 10, two: l(,tlirce: 100, (biu ; 101, live; 1 10, mv ; J I ;, seven ;
1000, ei({lit; IQOI, nii;e ; 1010, ten. 'I'iii- may he cunonn, hiil, fioin llie many ligtires r«-
tiuired to express n nnnilicr, can never be useful.
\,r.ginn, of the Romans, 'i{on>nlii'! first made :{OflO, and nfterwards fiOOO soldiers.
Ltgislalurc (t)io) decided in 171*0, that bank of Kngland iiotea were to pa; s a.-i money.
MAM U. t>! 111! I <l<»| I'V
licil
Mr
ll
M
nil
^liiill III l()
U'w.iir
l(n\ -iir.sliip
I
U'i-ikI
a. for
ilKl
i.sli-l:i.s!itiii
" ' \rc(.||ii|..|y.
,■ llicy Wiiiilil |(.
Iiy I III' w,\y tliiiii
111 i'l II 111 oilruih,
■Vlllllllc.
''il/it..
'!'■ I.cnvrn, w-
ICiicli ImkI,
ifiicij (iii'ir (lis
r Ifllt-r tli|»|)crH
,', ill tllC IIKIIsl,.
'tfl' trade."
Iiiriilrr.
' oC Kiiints and
Nuatinn.
« lii<li is to ho
r contain (iCty-
iiltipllcs cvfjiy
iv ; Ji;, seven ;
iiny (i^urt-H re-
oldinrR.
i.'H lis morr')'.
\
{tr.z/irr)\, ,1, ;,\,
(•i«lll'c, ■' M I'l'iMiii uitni i'ii-<iiir.-s. ( M-:«rr II, ,|| /.iiiiTi'
(,(>i,siiril\ / wiiliiul Li'i'iv . (''''''."'•'' 1 ll /'i •/.lull. lo
[i(n;;ili,' liu- liili <'\(riii. ( ''iriiijiil\ /r/////. Iim|;i|i
I.rii;.Ml|i'iii'(!,-' iil.idi' luiit.;, r\!f|l<!(''i. {i<-:i'h-IHIi/)\fi\i'\\i iiml
I,f'lli('llt,-' liululo'lll. ('(inMi|.lly /' //"'-//f////. Ir nr mil
IiC|t(M".'-' i»m' >iitli II lr|ii'nsy. < '(Hii!innil\' /r /'•//•. li ji.|ii!r
Li'.'^l,'"' lliiil i"'l' M-^M [iii'mMiiu'i'il /V'. .'.7. Iiwi.
[iCilu',-' a (hniiirlil nl" <'!«!i\ i-'ti. \'ii''„nirl\ /re//;. !.• iho
TjcI'm, ;iii iiulr .'/nil ;ililir.'\ i.ilioti Irr /< / .•',•. loij;
riCllllcr,-' ;i Siil.iil, l'\. ildlliniil. II ^)|M'<'i('«4. |,.|.|h
li('\irnii,' K (in'iii>iiarv ; |m<i|mmI\ a <«rr(.'!s (Uic. !• U : cliiin
liihrai'N ,'• a rv)ilccli()ii ol' hoftj^s. ('uinijil. // lir<-. li.l.ni-ro
factMilialr.- a iiiM>!iialt; in [tli^.-i*'. [!i.\f/i..s/nilc)\\.m\\ ■\n'.:\\i
liiil,'- a cin.M- I'or a pul. ^'llli!,al•Iv /i(l\'u\
Jjic,"' lo l(>aii njioii. lm|)ii>M!i'Iy Idij.W
liirii/-' a rr(;()<.';nis<'tl ('(iinuiorci;!! s"c:irliy. (//tu/) Irn.im
Li(Ml,'* phuM', iMoiii, cxcliaii;.'.'!', lu'lnH". " lu ,,r Ifu-
T(i('iit('i»aiicy,.! lli(( «)|]i((> ol" liciiicMniilH. Ic-lcn.im.fio
LiiMltciiaiil.-' a (l(>|)illv. Sriiii'linu's llrli'iifiiil . I^.ii ii.uiil
Lii'i'^iiiar.l, ' l\ii)fA'>^ iMxIy-iriianl. N n!;';. lir<!':(tnl. Ii((i.;ranl
liii;,' I*' 1'*- '" l>«'<l. A *.'■>'<■(<, ,/V /.■/,'* now (>1»>(jU!U;. lijr
\,i iintlinir,!. ]■) ofirn usurped liy the new!y iiilnului'i'd wurd of Irvirtlni.
\, .sv. ( 'oniinmily IimiI'Mi i ed, wlien n-nlliy tliiM-iiniiiil'' ; iis, — "//'< h-tsn-." Also wilh
iriir-ir, l.iitidiiiiisiiis, ^^|li^ll \\iie ilie aeiiein iiiilliui i .iij diajei'i of mn' cin/.enM.
I,'/. .'^Ildllld lie sidi;lillllid liii H; deiivalinll III Si. iMllie. H.'-'lt Mis f|iell lilt..
\,i III r. 'I'lmse xldiir illpliiili' I ail" '' illid tWiMily luiir, when ill ieal;l\ Iweiily siv ; t lig"
id lii'caii-i' / and /, ini'ellei with ii iind >■, weii' aiicienlly iepi('i;r nied liy llie same charii^
ler. The lioinaus e\pii's-ii'il all iiiiiiilii.is li> III- siv'rii lelicis — I, \', X, !.,(', I», .M. In-
^I'lllcd in l".:;\ pi If^Ji years liel'me (.'In isl. 'I'lm^e iif iPi' llelnews me the re|iieseiitiiti\eH
of things ; as Hrtii, a i,iiiisr ; Ciiinl a riu::il. (inr j^cind liiiin AllVed wa-i twelvt; yi.'arMokl
lielore he Uiiew liis lelteis,
1,1 I If, III. 'I'lidse iiiiid nil xahiiiL' other l.ui::iiai;i'.- at ill.' expense nl' hnnililin^ their own,
Ceneially I all Ihi'lr Dii'tiiiiiaiies hy llie (-la^.lral naiin,' of jirxii'oiis. 'I'lial. of Dr. John
son eoulaiiis 'U.illO \\uidH.
iiitii. (»iir ti ipliilioii'js tire inostly r'n'McIi. and rei.-iin tli<dr vcrimrniar hoiiiuI.
l.ij't. \|soa piei e 111 hard lealher n|ion the heel, of wooden sole;!, V illfiarly /i,;yy.
liifi/il travels P.I-J.IMII) miles, ami rcmitl 1 1 !J li r| hi the spice of one tei'ond.
l.iir/iliiiir sUi'i'is, iiei;aii in III'/: tin' rity nnineil (iiilej iim mie to etu'li door.
l,inii.-i<'- I'luvard-i of 1 !0 dianiaiic pieces were liceliM'ij in tin; last four yciir.i : lilao
riili count: J- hauliers in IH:t|, the sinalle-i known since li'-cn.-in,':.
\iihnirii. Ml. S. I'',iiiciiarl, di,seiiliiijt luiiiislev, who died rdi'-*, tlist projected a circiila-
linii one 'I'liMt of the lionve nt' ( '(imnioiis consisls lint of I l-">it hooks oid.v. First one xpo-
keii of in history, was that fniioeil hy I'; u-lraliis, tyiant of Alliens. Tliat of i'loliniiy
I'hiladi'Iphiis, contniniMi; ^iKt.lMlh volumes, was Imrnt hy Cirsar's soldiers.
J ,(/r ;.■.■'.-• .'MiiiiL is, in facf.a I'riar: the t'lriner isstalion;'i.\-, hnl :he latter wanders.
Iir/.--»/v iiioinenls ot Uiionapar'e, in !ii- pio^perily, weic devoted to <;eoiiii'try ; wliicli
ficience, lieiii;i iii arly desiroycd h\ the Aiah.ans, in their riivagcsiil /Mc.vuiidriti, was, two
rentiiiies alK'r, reviMil and sitnlud Iiy them.
licr//. ■'•111)0 fei'i Mho\-e thai oi'the sea, vefelavlon rca.sos, and till is desolation.
litlliirc. 'I'll!' Vinsailles, hliil; ,'ind I'd <«<, aretlii! hesf. villfiarly called (r,/,j/:i?.
litmuiis. Amii'iilly cnltivalcd for tin it fra;;rani'e only ; po(<d iicaiii.-t moths.
I-ifre:c.<.i «i!li l)<Miieroii(imy, ca; !i roiii|iri;.': a spaco of imc uioiiili and u lialf.
I
»;!
(..
1^
46
MANf'Vr, ni- imTMOin'Y.
) 1
I
Tji;i;1it('rrniiii,^ lunimfror uf a !! -alitor, {lif'tnnun'^
llllilUr,' i''i>,sln'S (>(' li'lil
\ !il;:;;;i']v. I'':fifr:i. ]
!
i"!i(suni'
Intniiri'isi, f;;i\ , fiii'v
(/
i-'ii/.'i)
LiinrJiirc,- liliii;j;'i of any riu'tal. (//.>/n/-/.s//or)
Tjini!),- a iiioiiiIxt, joint, Ijiu-Jj.
(.M)
liiinl)!),- lit'l!, ili(> coniiiH's «)i' iiiili!r^t sj/iiits,
Ijimcliiln,- a kilit t'nr liiiniiii'T limo in. {I'nu-hil)
Tiimcf-tonr,- n stoM<! lornKikinir limn. [h'n..s/;nf)
Tiimn,'* to |)aint a fncc, or talv<( a liijcm s-f, {full)
Tiinrolirs liui,-' an iiin ol'coiirf, hiiilt l*3"5!).
Tjin«;li-|)in,- a |>in to tjcciiro iIk; wlinol. {Iii's'.]>/n)Unix\\.\
Lincanj{>,- a racn.
lni|'ro|>*;rly lin.yvflj. I
Lineal,*' doscendinj^ in a I'i^iht lino. (l.'.ii/n')
Iiinoally,~ in a dircc't line?, ('orrnpf. (in.i/iil.h'.
Tiincamont,- a ^lMiMl•(^ {I'm-yo-mi'ii!)
Jjinear,-' composed of lines. Commonly lin-yur.
liipotb
vniv," a fainiinsr Tit
{^
!>-p:ft7i-nm-r
Liqnesceiit,-^ incllinc;, di.s;-'<)lv"u'j^, f;ro\viii;^ soft.
Iwqnid,"' clea'r. *A liquid ('nid' id C(itr.inoii.(///.vV/) 1
(ii.Ji-c.da.shuny
Li'inidation,- a (.'learin^ o
;r.
Licpiids,'- the letters or semi-vowids, /,
;/?, 71, r
Liqnor.'i a li(inid, s!roiirr drinl
to drench
Litany,'- u form of [)ublic prayer. Cur. lit
nc.
lite MP 'niti
ili'-tiiivjf
iio.-iiin
Mull
lim.rn!i.to\vr
Mm
iJm !io
liinc.kil
lirnn.Btono
iim
lin-knii'-' iti
itl<sl|.|)|ll
in. no :ij(i
Iiri-o-nl
liii-p-ul-ln
liii-iir-ti.inciit
iiri-no-ur
l!-;>otli.o ino
li-kwr-s-suat
i!;.kvvid
lik-wo-iluslnin
lik.kwiclz
Iikiir
lit-uii.o
Ttimh. Wiion l rnllnws m nt the mil ufa word, it i.s nrvor isoiindcil,
liimlin. Tln! Catlidlics', in tlnii iiii.'-.-:i!.-i, prrCcr il in i;s li ^.t iiu'nniiiL'.
^,imc kiln. A viiiulnr \)\' l;il» iiiriHarly ciuiiii'i's dii." nun Inlii limi'-l,in.
liiiirolii'f fnii I'lililti. AiiprniiiiiUi (I In \\ ri.-iliii'.' in Iii',(). ;ir!('rxviirils (.'.xorcising grouncJ
for lionsps, mill icsnrl nt'lliiovri : raiN'i! in rrid I'lTiuiilicil iti I'lUi.
\ii»cn rntrs (lii'st spccimi'u nl'|).i|i(i' niiuli: nl) is in Itintt'ln liliriiry CJcrniany.
Itinin (Iri^li) Caciniy nridffnaliil witli llnM'nrl (il'StratrnKl, wlicn vice rnv.
Iiinklioti, l{ick-s!:(ur.t, hutrncuhs. I<(ni(»n, in liis I'lynmlo^'v, ('all'< piiln Wi-ock.
"Line. Ill the navy, means a siiip nl'war, can\ ini' iic'\cr Ic-s iliari lil gui.^.
JiinrasT'' Il<'io tlio in. r.rc iioi, as sonic v, ipiil.l in'iniaii', a ilip'itlioiitr.
Lin/r. Writtnn in our piniintiniini; (liriiniiarirs, liii/r/;^ a.s its true orthoepy.
Iiiqunr. Is snhjiTt to \\w hailiiirnns tiaiisriiriiinlinn nC ///.-/rwor ; and anions tltf" learn-
r(2 of tliis flas?:, Iha'.f (ivt.'riitaid /.',i/,(/ ipinlcd as an aiUhority. Tin; duty upon all cx-
ciF'.'ablc lif|iiid!^c.\c<;((N the wlinliMtvcnii'' (d l!ii-.=ia.
1,(7. (). of to hi;ht. lis Irani, ir I'lnnKilimi, liii/ii J, is innnifidy tnoro cnricct.
l.itanij. Introduced in iliiiieiies alinnt 1 !.'!. and to iliat oC I'milaiid, in !.'>4;{.
L/7^' (M. do1 wlio is now iiviii?:, wroto and cnnipesed Ijii! .Miirsril/ais lij inn-
liilac. Of this plant there are- three -peci'is, lii/' vul::aris, pei-.ir:i, ami snspciisa.
Ii»s(. Our iiiif.ivers pns^ets a li-t nl' ITiD!) p.'iM.ns lesidi'iit in Iiondoii, aiul its suburbs,
whose united fortunes would pay oil'tliu naiioiial deht. (.S()0,OII(l,(ii)0/.)
hions, tigers, liycnas, and jaguars, are tli« mooi. fcror.iouss in hot climates.
Note. Some Adjectives in ish, ns Jlghlish, arc avoided, wlien possible, by pood writers.
Remark ; — It is said of a man iiitoximted, "'I'li.at ho is in liquor ;" but ns the liquor Is
plainly in him, this is a mistake: nuulit to bn, "(s inebiiatod, drunk, or nhanped into a
beast." Again, of a lunatir,— " (le is out of hi.j senses ;" tliis iri also wrong: shonid be
"Is a maniac; has lost, (jr is bereaved of, liia senses,"
M.vMAL oi' <i!s r;i(<i;i'V.
4T
r Ml. Ill
iiv^
nil
Ki-lowr
T
iil
itono
>n'- in
-|)iri
iij'o
il
il-In
-anient
-ar
1-0. mo
•s-siint
/id
i-duslum
rU\z
.1
Tjitiuiy," a iorni ttf piiMic |)riiy«'i'
liiU'iiil,-' w.M'd lor v.ukI. \ uln'
1.
(
oi*
/;/.
nc.
lit-iin-i)
ICM';ir\','' rcluliii'i In IcIum's.
cillt'd lil-ntl. ht.mMil
ilui 1). lil-iir-rr. hitMur-
liitoniliiii','- skill ill U.'iicrs. {I'd-ru-lur)
LillicsDiiu',-' pliiiiil, llillV^'^^ Im|»j<»|). ihsiun.
Lilln>|.';riiitliy,- cii^i.iviiifi; on .stouu. [Iii/ui<(/'ai;))
Lili<;'ous,'' iiiclii.cil U) hiW^iiiiiH. [Ic-dd -ijiis)
Liti;^;i(»ut;l\ ," in u croud ui. tuner. (/: -iid.i/us.lc)
Lilllo,^ siuall.
Anbcl(!(llv culled he/. ill. U
Littoral,'' lyiii<; iu:iir the .seii-slw^ri', {Ht-ritl)
Liturgy,- our c(ju;ujou jirayer. Coiiip. in lo 17.
Livery,- a certain dreas. Connuoiily liv-re.
i Liveryinaii,'- weiiriiijx liverv.
{lio-rc-min)
(Hi'./n)
(lit'-inJc)
Viiljif. llv.iw
'{liLs.ir.nJ)
Liviufi;,-' a cliiireh heiu'iico.
Livin^ly/ in ti livin;^ N'.ale.
Livre,-' !i I'reneli coin, \alii(! 10 J.
Lixivial,'' (djtiiiucd by li\ivi'.iiu.
Lixivium,- lye made «>t' ashes and \vater(///.-.s7/w)
Li/ard,- u small cre(;piii<; animal.
Lhuuhitr,- a bishopric in Wales.
Lo !'" look ! see ! Lonchnit-iinH, lor and lorl-.
Loiich,- a small lish. iMisproiiounced IdcJic.
Loam,'- a rich earth. \'u!.'j:arly called loo/ii.
Loamy,"* consiisting oi' loam. Corrui)lly loo-iuc.
ro
lil.iir-ri.towr
liUl-NIMll
li-tli<'>;.fr.i.r(!
litul-jw-H3
li.li(l-jc-i!3.io
it.tui
Ilt-iir 111
iit.iir-jo
liv vnr.ro
iiv.ur.re.muu
liv.injj
liv-iiig.lo
in.vnr
liicK.Iv yul
lius.fv-yuiii
li/.-7urd
lan-dtlf
!o
lothh
lomo
1(3- mo
t
■cisiiig ground
ny.
ifcck.
Y-
insllio ham-
upon all cx-
f.
I.
iin.
)ciisa.
(1 its giibiirli.i,
Rood writers,
the liquor is
langoil into a
g : slioiild be
I
XJidint: comes Cinin a (.'reel; wiml, and nifviiis <iifniiVi:itiiii<: oiit'liirslly rlrintoil in
pmci'Sbioiis cirid ■\W: IIiom' day-', wlicii iiscil in riiiiK Ins, wcii! called Uo';iili()ii dayn.
l.iUriitiur. Wiis at tm low :ui i 'ili iVmn ".Hill Ui I !()(), tliiif sc;ir('(;!y ;i mail ol'raiik coulil
bu I'uuliii, <Mtli(;r ill lilt; ciiiiri li nr sl.ilc, wiji> u as iiMi: in wrllfnr icmiI his ii\vti iKiiiin.
Littlr. A learned diiclui- ( /( i(///.-\i ricinniiichils ^ -\-'£v>7 a.-> ils hii|)'.'>'|:iiivl', wliitli liii? not
been followed, aiiil I t-lioiild iiii!i:.ii;ir iicni'i' will.
\U!i rarij fi rtilHij. IPniH i^niks ni' Xuii'inbi'ij;, lioni 14!)4, coinpoffal 0048 picro^.
Lithoi>rtiii/ni, wa.s distovi'icd, l.-Cli. Iiy Aloys .'■"i infi Idcr, a ''I'liiian iiclor. 'J"li(." ]!ril-
aiiiiia" was Hit- (irni work In wliicii ('ii;;iii\'C(l iiirdai:< iip|ii:iii->cl : iind Siiccil's <.'liioiiif,l(',
wliic.li soon lollowi-d, illiistra'f il uiili llial ol'cioius I'lom tlic (Mbiir't ol'.Sir Uohcrt Cotioii.
liilurfii/. (icni'ially Uic uori'iiionlal ol |niblii; worship; (o.iiicily iIil' ri)iniiianiun : many
oCils prayers ascribed lollio lallu'is and apos;l,'s, are now Imlitas spurious. Jii the Eu-
glislicliur(;ii it iscalli'ii (.oniiiioii Prayer, auil aiiioii<; Uoiiiaiii.>ls llie Mass.
hivcrijitivn of Ijondon are ".i'-.!J : tliiMi; are HI coiiipanic ', but 8 of iliiiii liavo no livery.
\,irie. "I would ai //c'-.v {irillunrl;!) do it," is cxlri'iiiely low. 'I'liu verb is pronounced
Bliort, but tlie adjective Ion;;, wlieii applied lo !i. !i, as, Ui!i> lisli. 'I'lic li\xs oi' ritMicli pea-
sants, from eating iiiucli bread, and but littlu iiioal, lire of a Uunitioii nut e.xcucdiu!^ iwo-
tbirdri of tliosi; in J^iiL'laiid.
luvivgs. Under .'iO/. (ler annum, am dlsrlmrped (Voiu first friiita and trntlij ; there arc
."i.CiOO: if non-presiMitfd (1 nionllis afier fallliii,' in. lapse lo tlie slate, 'i'liiise In llic Rift of
Oxford IJniversily ai(! 410, and ol' <,'ainbri(lj;i! 'J'.i-J. The ruveiMii s of the foniior excwd
tliOHU of the latter, by lll,(HHIZ. per annum. (Jur oilier chmcli picleimeiii!, are about 12,000,
o.vclll^ivl! of dignitaiics and cuihcdruls, which were erected liy ilie iieiicdicliiieii, who first
tbiindpd that of f'anterbiiry.
\,inre. Also called li-vnr. '{'here are two sorts, tlic Tonrnni.-t and the Parisis.
LIundaff. VVilli thai of St. Davi.l, fi->i.i their low revenins, iiavo no dean.
ljya;n. Called Inm by a learned orlhoepi-.I, and ppelt Limchy soiiiu wiilcrj.
il^l
ti
48
MA-NTAL or oKTnoi;p\.
Loan, 3 any lliitig lent, iunrost of uiotiey.
Loath,-' unwillini;, baclv.,!!(!, nut ri,:t<ly. (/o/»'/r)
LoalhOj-'' {() !i:-tL', fibhor, <]isl!kf. slmti.
Lo;t'.l)soin(', ahiuTrcd. ('>>i'riii>l. hiih c! lolh-s'nn.
Lob, 3 t'.i lei lali <:ai'e!USHl\'
irtObsub.'tc.
i.iiii
l.tlio
lull.if hum
lob
be
lou.skoush
lob. slur
lokul lo
lok
lok-rum
lo-kurn le-ncns
lu-kuKt
lode star
lodo-slono
log-als
lodj-ik
lo-jlsh-shun
lo-gist.ic
IdcT-lino
Lob(!,2 a pi'.rl Oi'iiie Inr.^.s. 3*ron. as writleii. 1
liobsco.ich,- ship ha^li ul" nipas Ci p-oiatoGs.
Lobytcr,- a shell iisli. Nicknjiiso for soldier.
Locally,'' with respect to situation. (Jok-vl-Ie)
Loch,2 hociy of water, ypelt also hngh. [lotsh)
Lockram," a very coarse linen. (Juk-rnm)
Lociim-tenens,"a deputy. Cor. lohum tc-neas.
Locust,2 a very large devouring insect.
Lodestar,- the pole-star. Properly loadstar,
Lodestone,^ the magnet. Corrupt. lodcstun.
Ldggats,- an ancient game, now called skittles.
Logic,'-^ right reasoning. Formerly logiclc.
Logician," a person skilled in logic.
Logistic, "* relating to sexagesimals.
Log-line,'-^ the lino to mark a ship's way at sea.
Logwood,- a wood brought from Campcachy. log.wood
Loin," the reins, wuist. Vulgarly line, loyn
Loiter,^ to idle away time. Corruptly li-tur. loy-irr
Loiterer,- an idle person. Commonly li-tur-ur. loy.iu. ur
"Loan. A loiin of 1/. for n week only, in ISiiO, produced is. interest : and 13 per cent
was allowed in 1307. St^ttled down to 5 per tent, at the rpstoi-atiou.
hoatfi and loathe. Tlie a is soinetinics oniilicd. A late pliilnlo^iT, wiio ronfoiinded and
accented them alike, is accused of this innovation ; a proof tliat even a dictionary is not
infallible. 'J'his is tlie lot of all living lanpuapes, and is su peculiarly the character of tlie
French, that if it were pu.ssible for Vollairo, ita iireat renovator, to revisit wis country, he
would find 8oni<! ditlicully to make hinis(>i'f niiilersioo'l.
lioltstcr. A term first applied, in ihe lebeilion of K'lU, to a body of horse, under Sir VV.
Waller, on account of their bfi .(; Inr.ased in brisjlit iron shell armour. Lobsters arc fouiul
on rocky roasts: on'', has been known to pi(idiit<! I'J,-I-W euu's.
liucal (by\tlic) aMhorities, Buonaparte, from his invasion of Rns.'-ia, to his defeat at
Waterloo, was the means of dcsuoyidir or nuitilaiinji t/ro miUions ofmei;.
hock : ch, when ending words, take Ihc scnuid of /.-, but not always, a.s in .lucJi & touch.
\,ocuin-tenrns. Our editors, in copyiin: a I'oreiL'U naniointo tluir journals, generally do
so imperfectly ; thai is, the clnLsiiaii in.siead oi'llii't'irnanie.
liocii.it. i?warnt.s infested L'l'.d.-.ii in the year iT'JS'. Also an American wood, of which
tlieir steam boats are now bu-n ; whicli inci.Mses their dnraiion from 4 to ti years.
hoil/rhiffs. In Ir''hi.id, "tJodd dr;/ loilj,'in^;s" nuNins, lod/'lnjis without board.
luodc.'itone. Usually pprit Inii/lstinic. Jahu, the reins, vulfiarly //«. • many vulgarism.s
owe tlieir origin to an allllii:'.'i"'i of l.inL'ua^'e, lis '(;) my eye,' etc. a whimsical corruption
ol a prayer, to a saint in the Ilomish Aljs,sal, beuinnin'^ — '() mihi beate .Martini!.'
Loff-liofird. A sliip table divided into live i(ili:ni)is; tlicfn.-t i^ for the Inmr; the second,
course steered; the thiid, knots run out ; the fourth, point vl' the wind ; and fifth, oh?cr-
vntians on the whole.
\,ng-linc. For every fourteen fathoms run onl, natstical men reckon a mile.
\in)'ticst mountain in Scotland, has recently been discovered to be Ii<n Macditi.
Loiterer. A certain orthoepist pronounces it locturur, and loiter Imiur.
MANUAL OF OilTlIOKPY.
49
u
f .sum
skoush
star
uMo
rum
urn le-ncns
:ust
3 star
3-slono
ats
-ik
i^h-shun
rist.io
lino
-wood
n
-Ut
-tu. ur
and 15 per cent
» ronfoiinded nnd
dictionary is not
; clmracttrorHiu
t liis couiurj', lie
sp, iiiidrr Sir W.
ilwturs ure found
to Ilia defeat at
li.
in such & tonrh.
lals, generally do
wood, of which
) ti years.
):ird.
nany vnlgariyin.s
i.-^itiil rorruptiou
lartinc'
our; tlm senond,
and fiftli, oltscr-
iiilc.
Macdiii.
Lollards,'-^ ancient soct nppnsed lu liuinanisls. I6!.urd3
Loitil.'urtiv,- funiierlv jill the iiorih of Ifiiiv.
luin-bur-do
I
jOin[),~ .1 ruiiiKl iisli : lormcrly vvniiiMi laiifp. impp
London Bri(!^o,- lirst built, and oflinjbcr, lOlG. luii.dun bridja
Iionely,^ reiired, solii;ir\, dnil, void. lone-lo
Lonesome, •' solitary. Inipro|>erly J vn- sum. lono.sMm
Long,-^ Iniviiif^ ]en,';tli. Provincially lung. \ong
Long Acre,- built on ground called 7 acres. long.a.kur
Longboat,^ the largest boat to a ship. lonjf-boto
Longe, 2 .. thrust : ancient oriliog. oi' lonft, \nn6'^
TiOngimeh-y,- the art of nicasuiiiig distance. lonjTra.e.tra
Longingly/ with incessant wishes. long-ing-le
Longitude,- the distance of any part of the earth
from east lo west of any given plyce. l6n-ji-tood
Longly,7 ^vjth great liking. Now obsolete. iGng.lo
Corruptly lung.sum. long.
sum
Longsome,"^ dilatory.
Longways,''' in length, or extent. {long.wise)\rmg.wviZQ
Long-winded,"* havuig good breath, tedious. long-win-ded
Loo,2 a game at card.s : ini;)ro])erly spelt Ju. loo
Loobily,^ awkward, clumsy. {lahele) \oo.h\\.\Q
Loof,5 to bring near to the wind. Prop. /////". luf
Loom, 5 to appear at sea ; ~ fool, bird so called. loom
Lnllanl:'. I'loio loliiiin, a t'lrc, lui'i^ liclil to ho laros sown in Glirist's vineyard.
Ijomliard &. PiimiiK. I'aiisi:iii ili\ iiM"s, I-OII. lit si ailii|);i d //or/oi- ilistrad of mastr.r.
J^omhiir III. Am ii'ioly, a loiiipaiiy oi Loii'i'iinls, wliiisi' anus wi'ii- Iliri'e liluc l)alls, eml-
praiio!.', seliird iji l,nii(iiiii, atid ^ave iiiihk' !ii (.ninliard Suiil. 'J'lii'y wcrellie first who
lent iiioni'V iii»iii pli il'ii's; hcoci' I lie a|i|ilic,iiioii iii'ilii/'c liiilin upon tiie door of a pawn-
broker. Jiiiniliaid, was I'ornwily a ciirniit iiatiic lor usipcr.
Loom (a weaver's) was lirsl Iociiil'IiI iiilu tliis coiiiiiiy I'Miin Holland, aliout IC76.
.'.ondoii. lis l;isl census { iH.'fl) is l,47i.ns',i. 'I'liii liislicp iroiir metropolitan ; of Yorft
onr An lihi.-linp, ami of t^'anicihiny our I'liniale. Its cliariiies ecpial those of all other
Kuropean r.-ipiials. 00 niiilion.s ol propern- an' sliippcd and .inshipped from its port an-
nually ; in wliii'.li lime, luore sliip> Kail liicrrt'rom ilian all plaiTs in tli<! world united.
Ourcnod kin" Lud called it liUd.stonn, wliicli time has soltoned into T^ondou. Incorpo-
riil-Ml in 1-JOrt.
Lnjidoii Tract Hociet!/, up lo 183], h:i\(i circulated, in "G languages, 154,000,000 pub-
lications.
Jjuniloii Jlill.-i of Jforfaliti;, orifrinal< (I in the pnslilnnrn, or great plazue of 1592.
J.oiit'iin (liisliop of), by siaiule, may retain <i chaplains; ;in archhishop 8; a duke A;
nmrcpjis oi- •lul.'); viscount 1: liaion It, iind lend (h.-uicellor 3. Uiapluiu, because an-
ciently III had the care ot !i s/ir,'iii\ or rr/;'c,.- in a small rhnpe}, or reliirioiis foiiiuialioil.
Calvinislic & .Aiininian Metliodists, placo! of worsliip, are usually called chapels, though
licnnseil as llie nieeiiiejs of I'loleslaM (li.--srnlerH.
Jjiiiuliiii lliiii^'i. itiiiii.' CKveitd with lionst's, and I'liilt of wood, was burnt down lit
1213, nnd lliree thousaml lives lost, lis daily passeu? rs aveiaue lOO.OlM).
Jjnnf. A sailor ppells it luff, v.ldi h is muili niid desii vedly encouiaiied.
Jjiniff. Larcesl known riwr is Iln' Ama.'.nii, .S. America, Ik iiif: '1000 miles /o/i^.
J.,ov/r oii.<Ur. Name of a ti.-ii in VV< st ol I Jif.'laii<l : not llial it resemhii's an uystefi but
the Freiuli name loril beinu l.inff.niistr, llie vulgar Inne thus corrupted it.
J^onjriiiglij. Sometimes excliaii|:ed for Iciiphj ; lint now fallen inio disuse.
Lovftsume. Is not in good use. I.in>gu-(ii!.i, i.s ol'ieii .■'iippliid by it.s corruption.
Lnngviniinl- A commercial teiiu, lo. one who is slow in his payme'iits.
litng robe. 439 gentletiien of the long robe, i,e. barristero, travel the circuit!,
il
r 1
1=' t
50
MANUAL OF ORTITOErV.
Or Jioo'pJi.ohd.
Looped,3 full of holes.
Loose,5 to unbind, deliver ; •'unbound. (Ihize)
Looacstrire,2 an iierb. Conimonly h-s-lr[f.
Lorimer,^ bridlo-cuUcr.
Itiipnnelt lorhivr. 1
Lose,5 to suffer loss. Confounded with lr,r,sc.
Lottery," game of cliancc. Abolish, in En'-Iiind.
Lough,^ a If'iko : often writ. loch. |)U/.. canaUie.
Louis.d'or,^ a French coin. Vulg. Icx-is-nor.
Louisa,^ a Christian name. (loo-iah l^' Jon.'^e)
Louisiana," a hot & unhealthy slate of America.
Lounge,^ to live idly. Corruptly liiirje.
Lovelily,''' amiably. Often mis-ppch.
Lovesome,"^ lovely, amiable. Now disused.
Low,3 deep, little, poor, weak.
Low,^ to make a noise like a cow.
Lower,5 to bring low, reduce, sink.
Lower,^ cloudiness. Anciently Jour.
Lowlands,^ marshes. Corrui)tly Jo. Inns.
Lown,^ a rascal, used by Scoff*- pro. s|)clt loon.
Lowt,^ to overpower, pout. Beconio obsolete.
Lucre,^ gain, pecuniary advanta^^o. (./"'O
Lukewarm,-* moderately warm. Vid. loo.warm.
Lullaby ,2 a nurse song. Contrac. ontd-u-hab;/.
Lumbago,^ pain in the joints, &;c. {l:niibah<^o)
luopM
Irioso
luose-trilo
ir o-iaur
lonzo
lol.ur.ro
lok
loo-c-doio
loo.C'.zah
loo-c-zi-in-ah
lounjo^
luv.lo-!c
luv-sura
lo
loe
lo-ur
lou-ur
lo- lands
lane
lout
inn-kur
lukc-wiirm
lril.l;i.J>=
luni-bu-go
XjOrd, or Baror. First granted in Fnglfind, by pntr nr, tn Rirl-aid II. in \M?^. Tin-
Word lord is an old Saxon one, souicwiiaf cliaiigcil, and liiiiiiis loiifnriiun^'. 'lUu Spanish
title of Z>on, coming from (/oi/i, iJow/HJo', JH tlicr(M'ori'. (;(|Uiviili ntlo it. ('i)rrii|(. m;/ Ivl.
Lord Chancellor's salary, lixcd by Henry 1. was itn. a day, svlili a livery 'd' jirovisinn.^.
So named from a lattice called caiiccUun, wliicii, anticiiiiy, lio sat bciiinii, in avoid t)iu
erowd.
Lord's prayer^ is a sfmploof pnre Englisli, containing few words of f.niin nri'jin.
Lord's supper. Oar Undefrncr insiilnicd and |iaiioi)k (d' it in iiic evi-uiii'.^ ; tlniiigh now
QDaccountably adminislered in the nioriiiiij;: lin din; canii! in wiili ir.iM^'ulwianiiation.
iottcry. First drawn in England wasi at tlir; docir (.i'f't r.-iiil'.s ('aiiKciial in I.iOU. I saw
tbisgnrac was eagarly ftdlowcd in America, r.-^peiially llie eiiv cil A'cw 'Sfiik.
Louis-d'or. Tlic old is worth 17.;. and the new I/. First coined liy I,n;iis ?\IIT. H,;r(nf>
ihe revolution, the French clergy woro i:>0,0',l(), ^^ iili a r."vrn\i.' of .">' millions. The Sce.-<
pf our prelates were converted into temporal baronies by William Uiucon^ineror.
Louisa. This name, ranking amonusf tlic f\ve('te.st tliat we p.^.^sc-s, come- fioni ilio
humbler of Lucy ; as Jlmrirtta from that of llarrii^f, .Mnri.i-inc iiom Mary, and ilic plaiu
tppellation of FAhnhcth pruned into the more clcuant of i;ii>-,a.
Lovedf is pronounced full, as all jias.'jivo (i, in tin- H.'riptiiros or any patlie;ic work.
Lovier {lover) is a cockney i.sin. Ijurre : vr, riuling ".voril.s, soimd like ur, or rr.
Lower. Its orthography nc<'d^^ alteraiion, to di>lin;;nisli if fiom llie verb. ^FootoC—
for Hotocr end of the tabic' is improper, and came frr.it from Soi.i'.'ind.
Lucerne. Often spelt lucn-n. Rronght Tfoni tiie I'al.itinato in li'oO.
Lunatic enquiries (in) a comini.<.«ionnr recoive.-i;i. and a juryman 1 fuinen dally.
Louisiana. Much of its land hein<.' lower than the ri\ei-.-i', foVm immense swamp;'.
LoUf 3. A certain orthocjji.st, in hi.s poetic dieiioinry, rliin.cs it \vi;li hoir. 'J'lio Unhr
mian language, for it.'^ richnes.s and mcjodv, i.o the best" adapted for |K>otry. A Bolienii-an
mile ia next W> OlUonburgh ; this 10,830, that 10,137 yards.
a.:
MANUAL or OUTIIOEPif.
51
Lumber, > id, in America, to fell (imber. Uim-hur
Lnuoh,- Ibod eaten botween mouU-. luntsh
Lancltc,'- in foriiiicfilion, a baif moon. (full )\oo.nci
Lnnuwori.- a plant. Corrnptly as spelt, lung.wurt
Lush,-^ a <loe|) color. Low word lor drinU. lusli
Lustre," briliiant ]''rcnch silk. 5 years. lus-tur
Lustring,'-' a .sliiniti'f silic. Barb, lufrstring. \iis.iring
Lnto,'-^ a musical in.^tnimcnt of many strings, loot
liUsur}^,* excess in culin*;, etc. (/«/tS.«r-e) luUs.shur-ro
LymphjiJ a pure or clear lli^id. Vulgarly Hmp.Vivaf
Lympluitic,-' marl ; c a poi.Mtn mad. lim.fat-ik
Lyre,2 a musical string'd instrument. (7err)liro
Lyric,-* porta!nin-.Mo a harp. {Ii.rik)\lr.\k
Lyrist,2 one who plavs upon the iiarp. (lir-ist) M-tiat
M.
Ma'am, 2 a term of oourtcr,y and respect. mam
Macaroni,- a coxcomb. Vulgarly nmk-rdne-e. mak.a.r6.ne
Machinate,^ !o plan. Corrupily ma-shcnate, majc-e-nate
Machine,- an cno-ijio, coach, swift carriage. ma.slieen
Machinist,- con-Urnctfj machines. (;«rt/.-i;?-?s/)ma.shccn.i3t
MacUarel,- a fish: 22 species. Spelt mackerel, makur-ul
Macharel-back,- tall, thin. (?H«/i:-7rZ.Z»a/(;)muk-ur.ul.bak
Madeira,- in tiie Atlantic Ocean. {mn-dcj-e) ma-deiT-fih
IjVnar mnnfli. In Imv, is tv.'oiify ciirht flay?; tlinicfore a lease for twelve months Ifl
only forty-ciijlit \v<'rk:% Imt a Icasn for a tufhcniniitli titands for the wliole year.
Lniiafic irdr,!,^. In ('t];i:i;c; y aie li'Vi, \^ hose iiiidiiKi ir. ST.'iiOTU. 14s. per annum. /■«-
nar w«I/n^•r/)^'' . Dr. lIcrL-clioi, (wlio also (liscoverod volcanoes in the moon) found them to
be half a mile liifrli.
ijU!>t.ri\ 'I'Ik' llii^'lisli, I'rnno to innovation, have tlioiifrlif proper to change it into iuto-
striv;s •' — ^vlio cvir hi'aid ((('.•^iik mad'' (Voiti llie erriiirrs cf a lute ?
hiUrstrir!:'. 1 am afraid, from inailnuidii, tliat iliis coriiiption i.«i past recovery.
l,ujiir?'. ill lli.n, it was if.-tiaiiK'd iiy law; and. 13-iO, Cli.irlns of Fiance issued this
edict, — "j,ct no man prcsmnc to tirnt wiili tiiorcihaii a f-oii)) and twodislios."
l,iil!i:r'.'i hy;nv. "(Ireaf God, wlint do I lic'ir and see," li;d tliu way, at the reformation,
to an iiii'irovcini lU in sane d inu.-i'', till then heconie wild and ne^dected. I never beard
it more ln^auiifully execiitL'd tluiii in (Jlialliam f-Jf, C'lia])el, New York, when there in the
winter of IH?.:).
huiirraf. Mr. I'larry, tiie actor, cnlli'd it pvopi>r!y h\-pvr-]Kn], but was lauj^hed at.
liyans. IhvW I^ic'.v, cliirliy ii:a'Uil',iri:i Td Ciaj).'; a stulfinveiiterl at Bologna.
liiirr. Is as''il""! to 'I';i in ';.'i: .n .-, tiic llirypiian .Mercury, aition,": wlioin musical instra-
nietUM were ve'^y early l<nowii, its tippi'arh' fiom an obelisk erected by iSesosiris at Uelio-
polis.
Jtl, rlianfres only in rovipt and arcnrnpf, and is very rarely quiescent.
jMa^im. llastlirei' errors, and jiart cockneyisins — i'tc7ii, mn/ir, and mnwm.
Mackinr.-f for riilinr; Ihio!;p, efi'. were in\eiited, I'lit-.', in liondon, Ijy a Dutchmatl.
Mic/iini.if. Minor erislrt-, for'.'ettin? it.-i derivation, approve lis corruption.
Macl.tirrl. First sold on a Snnd.iy, ia I(i!)3. Makral, vtlkril, and makaral, by SCTMt-
criers. Muckarel cale, ii al>o rpelt i)t(;rl:crrl ffnln.
Mivhhr. Vu'f;ar eoniparaiivc of mad ; but never elioson Iiy correct speakers.
Mulr. I have seen broad rlolh imdn in ,^lnerica, rivaling tliatnf my own countr5r.
Marleirn. rrodiiroft about 10,(101) ni|'eg of wine yearly, wJ)ilst there are upwards of
40,000 solil onnunlly in 10uiop<;! "(ii\e me," taid a I'^jeiicli wiin? merchant, " its boUM"
notice of what wine yon like, and yon sliall have it out of tliof* two cnnkM !"
I
^
5S
MAWrAT. OP oitrnorrr.
Madcmoi.scllo,^ an iinmnrriot' I.i<ly. (wi'/«>:f7) mail-o.nioiz-xcl
Maelstroom," a whirlpool on l!if! Norway coast, ina-il-stroin
MacrOj^ famous', ronowiiofl, rrlcbratf cl. mern
Magician,- a |irolcn(lrr lo skill in m:!j;ic. niii-jisli-fjuin
Magnanimity,- hravcM-y, \'<;. {mag-mun iinc-lc) rnn^iiii-ii-irn-clo
Magnesia,- a. nicdicimil pnudf'. {ii.<'i':^-iiii<h-c) mn^.wUh.i^Sw.a.
Magnetism,- power <>f aUraclioii. (//.•f'^''""'/^") m^'P-nc-tizcm
Magnificent,-' Sjdcuulid. (^nKiij^-iiiJ'-c-aheiil) iiiii^r-iiif.io.ncnt
Maliogany," a valuable brown wood. ma lir.<r.un.c
Mahomet,'- tl5C prophet ol' the Tiirk.s. (f(iil)mi\ o-mct
Mail,'-^ prmor, a ba;.' of post letters.
Mainy;.!! ~ the main-iriast Siid.
Maintain,''' to preserve, .siip[)ort.
Maintenance, 2 sustennrKM^
Malecontent,^ discoutented.
{i/ia.-iil)iu:i\o
(/7/r/7.vr/) mfincsnlo
( /"//) tiinii-tiino
{wnin.taiii.vns) iii;iin-tc-ntin«a
(ii,(;IJ,\iii-triil') iiKiilluin-tont
Malign,^ malicious. AfToct(Mily ma-lrcn. niii.lino
Malkin," a dirty woman. Corrujjtly iti a iil-hln.uniw -kin
Mall,^ to strike with a mall. Aiit'clcdiy ?;»■/. mawl
Malmsey,'^ a ricii swi'et wine. {t/inn-sc)u\i..;\m.zQ
Maltese,- language has many Ptiuic words. mai-li'fizo
Mamma," infantine word lor tno'.iier. (/.?<^/ot-c) iiinin-mali
Mammillary,^ like the paps, (,'orr. mnv.i-lur-r. miitn.inil.lur.re
MademoisdU. A nniiio forinorly [jivrn tn t!i'! wives oC fViiirli scjttlfiiicn.
Maggotty. W\l\\ its prc.-irit slnss, sliciiilii lir wiiiicii \vi;li (jiic t inily.
Magistrate, h'vo mi (iiialilyiiifr liir a ((ninly is :"> "iihn .is, Inil a riiy iir Iiorougll, 7». M
only. Ther« ari' 5371 iiiacisiraK's in lliisiland, I.'!.f4 ol' w hnrn an' clcriral.
Mngnanimitii- Is smncliiiii'^ cuniiiiily ai ccnli'il un ilic Minml .--yllaMi'.
Magnesia. Originally sold at l{(iiiii', i)y a ic;;ii!ai- caiidM, so laii.-aH tlic 17lh century.
Magnetism, fs forrilplcd. aiiioiii; llic vulvar. lINi' i liiti;i]a;jsiii.
Mahogavy. Has a uutiiiial iiKiiMiriciaiinii, auiniit: (he trade, very liki- wejf iin-m>. The
tree, Rrowiii;: in tlie West liulirs, allaliis a lii!i:;lil, (d'<iO I'cct, and a dianict' r ol'7.
Mahomet. Ma7(«m-t't is vul;.'ar, and aiiaiiisl iIic (nllnuint; anllioiily ; —
'• l'(!rlia|>s (lor wtio ran {.'iicss tin; ilircts id (JKiMrc .'l
llert' Hunt may l)o\ ; iir .Maliimicl iiiav daiici' '' — Dr. .IdHNsnv.
JfatZ. Letlerfl were liiHl inailcd, sd lately as \'i!^i. Oar mail ruailieH trnvrl 12,0001
inil''« per liiglit : .'>() inns send nnt and receive ini'ie tlian 7(!il inail and .siani' iDaclics.
Maintain. Who a suhdncd eniMX iat!<in anohi! lispeis api'iiirif liini; lo ininl' n
Majesty. First t'iven Id pri|ies aiiil an lilii^lieji-, and in l.,n;;)aad, lo Heniy VHI.
Malecontnit. Usually wiillcii iini/ciiiili nt.
Mainvin. Cloiiinioiilv called mah : sii|ipii.-ed to lie tlie I'rst syllaldi s a child utters.
MammUlnry. Honielimrs written 7«rtH/,7/rt/7'. and accen'ed on mil.
Wagva Chnrto. : giantcd liy me <"iriii'e-S(ir, coidinni d li> .I(din. ^t, alHH r> "0 titliPf sinCO.
Ma/zc. Torn, ill I'liiijlaiid, ineaiift all sor.'s ol' u.am. Iiat Aini'r.ea, In linn luirn w\\y.
^\agiclanthnrii. Hy rdriiiaoii i '.liil.iiers anil llie viili'ar. called j.'a-/(;»;< i sliow.
V\aflstriii»n. So dreadliil as In ihaw In ships, iSc even wiiales, a di.-iance orniany lliilcB.
tiXngie. Originally diiidted a kiiowl' (lp;e nl ihe nidri: siililiaie parts ol' |iliddsdpliy.
JAalachi (with) accorditic to llelnew ii stini'inv, the spiiU ol pn pliei v cra-ed.
Man (a; cnnsiiincs 12") cnliic inches of air dally . inakiny also 'J:i n fpiraiioaii in a min-
ute. His greatPst, mental power is dcvclopeil lii!\\"eii the a:'"i- ol \'> and M.
Maltese. Hence, It is reasonably inlerred, that Malia lirlnnjred lo i!::.' ( 'arthafreniunB.
Ualt. Tliirty inillinn biisliels ul barley are converted yearly into mall in Hniiluiid.
Note : — " Therr> were also fm nthrr matifnctor." led with liim," Luke jrxiii, 32. Tlli«
I ii clearly wrong, inasniitcli an it implies, that our Saviour was a malGfoctor.
MAM'Ai- or oiJTHurrr.
&S
-nioiz-zol
Strom
li-f Iiun
iii-ri-im-r.lo
lisli-slio-a
ic-liz-rrn
lif'.ib-Rcnt
ir-un-o
tllC't
sale
iino
tc-ntinsB
(iti.tont
10
;in
zc
i<7.e
null
niil.Iur.rs
rougl), 7». (M
h century.
' iin-nc. The
of 7.
trnvrl 12,000|
''oaclius.
vin.
utters.
I tinips since.
"H only.
li\V.
iii.iny iiiiJcB.
■opliy.
-.(1.
IIS ill a min-
infTf-niunB.
ilfiiiiid.
ii,32. Tlili
cfBc:or.
Mane
.1.;
:\r
fed
s!iii'
\'n'!jj.ir!v mat Hit.
Miiii;i,er,- a troti/'i to li-'v] liorsrs in. {iiriiiji'r)
MiUiillc,- ii l.r.ifc'ci, iiiiirio ol" ii riird.
l^IiiiuiMivrc,* hlvill'iii r.iMi. '.;!,■'■
;iit.
(
(/■"//)
n;a.nccz
iirliii-iur
mii-iiii
mi/i~u-rtir)u)n.iM\.var
Miiiiliia,- a [•.iiiil oi'sil!;. iiuinl-(t, if nuirli, a'ntsi<l. iimuiI-IhIhi.
Mit!('lii(iH':-H,- ;i uilb ul a iiuir<juis. (///r.-r.v//,.//7/4') miir-fihcu cs
r\[iiiosc!i;il,- a roniinamlcr.
]\I;iro:iii,'- iui v.'.\\ry., holder.
{
<im. iiKirfi
huL
nKi.r.8
hul
uig. vwr^ent,\n\iT.]\n
MariiK
ii(d<>ii'>"n'': to tlu! Sf;n.
(
).
ma/'-rni) inu.rccii
M;irii!s,"-;i naiiK!. hi ilic !.;iiii iw.iHcuYmc oi' Duirid. mfi-rc-tia
Mar(}ue,2 a shij), rc[»ris;d. Vidnriirly iiuir-hwn. mark
MnrqiKio,- a tent.
Vijlj'ailv 'i.'Ktr-Jiirc
III a:
Mi
mjiiis.- :i(.".\l !o II (
lidv-0. (
mnr.iur.':;y, or ni(trqins.'i) mar
.ko
kwis
Miiri'ow-lat,- a pcculiariy (iiic poa. (inal-/c- fat) mdr.ro. fa.t
Miirsli,- Mars'.iN ,''!ii«;i;!i\', a \>>>tr. \' . /ifsh: mnsh-c. mursli, marsh •
Martinmas, -Nov. 1 1 lii Coin, mtirtil or nuirticnias. mar-tin-mus
Mtissacro,*' lo miirdi-r. \ td<farly ?Mf/v-.va-/i7"e. mas-sa-kur
Maslor,- llic cliioiia any plaf". {ttivsl-ur) wma-int
(Sornclimos maslic, iri:is.tik
?d!S-Si)olt mas-lif. inas-tif
]\fr.\!iu or inisiilhinc. mas-lin
(iiialadtir) mnl-a-doro
Ma«li;'li,- a anni.
Maslifi',- a (i(;rco <5'if^«
Maslliii,* inixi'd roni.
Matadoro,- a term riSc*! ai onil)n>
Manrii. niiri.'iL' Ilic isic, niin. i' iifllic Hiil,!il- rniiip'iini tiiani'i, cxplndrd ill 1825, tnilllonS
clin'i:;i'(| li.ituls :iiiil lliuiisiiM'N wcri' kmIihi'iI i'iiiiii ;iiiiii('iic<' in lnv'L'ary.
M'/||(;/*•.t^r. 'I III' « iiiiiiii ill .mil iiriir lliir- Inwii iiir iciMarknlil": liir siiioakinfj.
M()«.-i/aw.< (li;iriiii.-ii wrii' amii illy ra.-liis: wv. Iiaj Il.l in llltl. Hiiilt at tin; ronqucsti
M«n7i/(v,/, a «'liiiMM' Miililituaii. Must caHicra i aiiK s ciniic Id us hy initoioiiaries.
M(ih;/>'-j//i/v (iiSii \V. Sr.tfs iiii\i Is (i:ti wi'if sniil, liy Dvaips, I'all Mall, for 317/.
INId/i ilirsi (.'rcriaii, ^ays ;<lra!) i, was Aiiaviaiaiul. I's : lli|'|iai<lius calls it tli« oflciMtfc
A iiia|i(li'M'i'{liis till' l.'iinl, hill, til. iris, iiiviaiiil liy Henry, son uf .luliii King of I'urlugnl,
rcpn'si-nl |!ii'-i'a, <):r;ia.-l.
Mar/:. W'lllirlrcd, kiiii' of ICcnf, niinii/r Id write, lisni flic rro.s^ i\n liis ninrk.
Miiri/iii.i. I'.iransi' '.'ovi'i nini: niaii'li" >: anil Irmilli'is. I\rsl llCi". Viiluarly raflH-is.
^\ailiiriil(i(T'i i)[ I'.ij.-,! Iiin-.tlom' into l,.'itiii liy St .Imniii', now Inst, was the tmist ancient.
i>\aririniil i/,it'.i in oin IkIiIi's, .arc taken iVoin itli|i. I .-lier".'.' elniniolDiiy, piil). I(i5()
!M/(c/,(. !<i'ri\r(l IViiin ihe 1!( 'iiev, ;ia.i ai'iiviieil ini iv' a, liiil »;//- i-;; i I from liie Latin.
fi\ii-!l/i'!iiin" /.^iri.-i/i. wa> •i.iuiiiaily a small villaire, lii;nie(l liy Kienrll refnuees.
M (niii'n. Sea sdIiIiims: li.i ve Uiree .^latiniis, \ i/.,. ( lialliani, l'orl>inon;li, and I'lymoulh:
ditler liy one |e|!er only, rrniu iiiiiriiur, Init are jis inurli opimsi'd a.s lijlit to ilarkni.-b's.
M/ir-i/iitl .Anvii'iiilv, ,i sn.i ol«,// ■,.•, Iin* imw, a liiiili niiiilary and civil otiiix'r.
Wd .')». 'I'iie soci ;y ol" h'ri'i ii:,iso»s is tlie niosi ancient and extensive in the world.
Md.-'.v. l/iir.'i /H-(\.v, anion" i'ninaiiisis, is a lull clioir, s;i<:re(l music, niid llie cerciuonial:
loin must, .-im llie pi a-, i i > ili liven d wiilioiil aci'iinpaninii'nl.s.
Mrt.f.Vr. VVie'i \lr. is aiDiiDim ■ d .Ml<iri\ a-, Mr l''ii\. Cao. en in most of our provinces,
to <l.i.i;inaic ;i lalioier, ilje liiu'd m occasional ser\ ant, I'rnni his employer ; whilst in Jjon-
doa no siiih di>iiiicii >n Is kept up : ia this lespe.l p'-ovincia's have llie advaiilau'e. TI18
pn.'li.xan of Mr. in an adilres-, is L'eiiei;\l!y niiderslood to dislint'iiish a minister of (iissent
j'rom a cleiiryni.in of lla; <'.-.:alilishineii! ; ilii! iniii.ils of |iie lallei's l.'niversily decrees iic-
iilg a^laclii'd in the end of his iiaine. are ihiiimiit :i siidicjear distincli'iii ; wiiilsl the for-
nuM-, r|ecliniii!{ for the most pari, acad.'niii'al lioMors, has no aiiiiexaiioii of th<^ Hort tliere-
lo, l)iit a coiirieoua appuUalion |iieci:diiij! ii. Tin) introducuon uf both is, in ii-i instancei
de.'anod itiojicr.
Mfifitirn in ('hancery, are ordina-v nad p.xtranrdiiiary ; tliesc are indefinite nnd reiid*
in provinces; but tho.se consist of twelve and dwell inLoiidon.
H i
54
5r.\.Nu.\L ()</ oivnior:vT.
Mafhor-who,' horsr lan^Jiiia^e fr>T anno htrc.
IMaiiri:*,^' early prnyois. Li.'cin^ly «i/7.r»y.
Mritroii,'^a jifuve uonr.in. Gciviutiy r:ud-ri:n.
Muttur,'- a (;orru}>ii()ii tVom woundy. {)if"Uvr)
rvlriugrc," in sjjito ol'. no sviilisfiUKiiii.'j. ijf'^i)
MauPi'ler,^ to gruuibly. I'iipi autly niaiidur.
Mausoleum,* a imif^iuucent i:)iul>. (mvs-lum)
Maxillar,-^ liue the jaw-loue. (mags-zil-lur)
MByoralty,-' mayor's oUico. Vul. rndTjoraJlry.
Mazurka," the rolish national dance. [scnts.
Me, oblique case oi' i, \v hich it oi'cn /;r/s-rc'j)re.
Meadow (beaver)'- artilicial nmripfi in Canada.
Meagre,3 loan, tiiiii. Coxv\\\A\y full.
Meconium,^ juice of poppies. {}uc-i.r,n-ytnn)
Mediator,^ an mterces.sor. impro]). Iih'd-iiillcr.
Medicament," any tbing liealinj?;. Coin, on die.
Meiuns,2a fruit. There aro 20 varioiics.
Mel[>omcne,^ muso ol'tra'r.'idy. (tncl-po-nu'en)
Memoir,^ a sketch. {'inem.icar cy vu-m-uore.)
Menagerie,^ a place for beasts, {me-uahdj-ur.i)
iiuTlh-ur-wo
infil-lina
tiui.tron
iniit-ur
md\v-<jar
nuUvn-tlur
maw-8o-lf:.um
inuks il-l.ir
iniiy.ur-ul-te
ma-zur-kah
no
niCd-do
nio-pur
nic-konc-yum
nicrie.iT.tur
niC'G-o-ka-raent
iiiol-lunz
mel-pnm-en.e
memoir
mcnudj-ur-o
'Mathematics. W'U tlip ar.cioiils, iiinnni oil mvir (irioarninT nn'l disfiiplinc.
Matrice (malr'ai:) W'iicn iv^ri) iu n 1( •,;,■; loiiiidry, is Uicn I'rniiiiiiiiri'd inattris.
■ Matrnnaf. Iliis niFo iiii arniit (livi(i.'(l liiMwcdi liip lirft niiil >'oroii(l syllf.ble.
Vfatter. Heiu(: — "Tiielmok is full of iiiiillor" Urf'irinaUon'i is improper.
fiiaundcr. Some sny mtirndcr. Mcinrd is an iirtiiifinl roi" on hcpparn arms and legs.
"Mausolmw. r'roiii Mnn.^oinfii, wlin li.-.d n very fi p'Mh s'piilrlire, cgtccnied one of Uie
wonders ol'tlie world, I'rccicd to Iiis nuinoi y l)y l;ir wil'o Ailf:iiiisia.
Mayor. A lato writ''!" rnlis it ;.".'•. In J.nndoii an.| Yorl< lic i,-; siylvi lord mnyor. Mayor
of Qarrat h Ilic pro; idi lit ol a \ iJlriSC tluli, to resist tucic);i( liiiuMits on i:s ('oiniiion.
Maivrka. VVni!ori;;ii;!illy a wrir danco ol'tlin iiroviiicuolMa'-'ni-, iMasovin.
M«?WtJi ftsri-.", is th:>\ ill vvliicli ii'i i)iisoi;er icreivfo si'nt'jjifo of di'atli.
Kaliivg cloclss is ascrilifil to liociiiis, tidO; racitinisof Verona, atul Hilvpstcrin 101)0.
nay-be. A Somerset snl), liliilioii i'tn- jif rlm/'s, wiiicli is a ;;reat lrav( licr.
measure. We (biinerly had lour, viz., lor wiiie, wall liiiuov, corn, and roal. Our font
measure oAve? it? c:\tent iind appc'llr.iion to that ot a^i ancii nt I'riiisli kin;j.
ucdicamrvt. l;s accent, in co!,.;ii(,:! ii.-r, moves l-i lin^ seroMd syllable.
Mcdj'cme (mcd-c-sin.) Also a term applied ly the {\|and;Mis, a nation dweilinp on the
banks ol'tlie iMissonri, (o all things wliieli they er.nnof (lu.lersrand. Inipropuiiy prouounc-
od mcd-sin, wiiidi it is ai!eni|ite<l to d'lletiJ liy llie f'.i!ln\\'ii)'.r (|ni>taiion : —
"is any sii U 1 The i;;an oT Iloss ieli(>ves,
I'lCFcrihes, attends, the tinil'ch'.r makes and civen."
It Is here, Jiovrcver, nrcessaiily contiaeted, and is tlicri^lore no authority.
HcaBure (feut) in Latin and Grei.'k poeiiy, a lonjr and short nyllaiile : they Iinvc 28 feet.
medical tests npoii the Iniiirs, so iinieh relir-d on at 1. nests, hav(! of'ien Tailed.
Kcadoio [beaver] is formed hy these e.vtraordinary animals, jiiul with wonderful sagaci-
ty, in the wood or bush, to retain siifficier.t water lor tlscir liahitations.
Kcmbcrs, chairinjr. From the nnrtliein iiaMonssliouWitMingtheir kin;,.H alV-r an election.
Thopc in college.'! have pratuities ; bet of halls pay their o^vn charffs. A i. member of the
HouBC of Asaembly, or I'arliainont, Vork, II. (^ receives JO.-;, a day during' the seejinn.
Mf» tracts of) are five, iiumely, r.uropean, Asiatic, Anioricaii Indian, Malay & African.
Baebari.sm :— '-A woar-j! [mattrr^\)\i{ j.r.-porlv \ipiFard.-<] of Ion tiiore. " RlfU**' for
mellow poar; nought for viiffkt, marvel for maroic, and marc i'otmaj/or.
Ii-iir-w'o
• liiis
Iron
•iir
vn-dur
v-so-Ieum
;s Il-lar
'ur-ul-te
zur-kah
■do
frur
oncyum
^G.il.tur
-o.kt;-raent
lunz
pom-en-e
iioir
ludj-ur-G
ilinc.
iiiattris.
I;. We.
r.
arms nnd lees,
lined one of Uic
il mnynr. RTnyor
s cdiiniiDn.
via.
.ostcrin 1000.
foal. Our font
<T
(hvoilinc on the
I'eily prouounc-
^y Iinvc 28 feet.
aiidoiful sagaci-
ff'^r nn election,
liicriiber of the
\i the session,
iilny & Afrkfln.
B. • ' Mflltr for
I
jiAMTAr, Of oarttoKi'Y.
55
Messiulir ili^vo liavn boon 21 false ono^. mcs.si.ah
Mercy,- cleiiiti.f.>'. Vul. jKtrrti ; ccrr. i:iurcy, mcT-no
Mere,''^.i larfjo iiilto, as that of Windermere. mecr
Mermaid^ ti soa-wo!i!!in. Vulfravly nuvc-inald. mnx.nwAo
Melhodical,3 ra::ge.d i;i f.u-.'loi-. (,7/r('/i.o..rL'/r.??/) rnr^.tl.nil.o kul
Mezzotioio,- an t)!)(?r<;v:n;f. Corr. raexz:.iin1. w.iizo.Vui-io
lVIiaain,2 an atom. PIuimI m las ms. ml.^z.Gwi
Michi4olnias,-roa.'3t of St. Mic.hml. Vul. ??.' ■7.r. mik.el.mus
Mien,- an ah', look. Corruptly called mhic . mcv.n
Migiiionelto,- a shrub. 7nln-in-cl tf i}!i'(-un-ct. min-yun oi.
MillepedeSjO wood lico. .SomeUinoH TnUllpeddes. unl.lo.pccdz
Minisii,^ to lop or iosscn. Now obsolete, mln-iyh
Minotaur,- a labled nioii^tor. AiFect. m in-ct a r. mm-no. tot
Minulo,- part of time ;•' .small, tlicn irii-nrxii. niin-it
Minutia,2 smallest part. finpropor. mUna-shc. ini-nu-siio-n
Miracle,2 a wonder. TUc canaille inaraLul. mir-a-kal
Misanthropy,- hatred of triun. {nH!^anlhropc)m\s.WnA\\To po
Miscellany,- a mixture. Comtnonly mis-sil-un-e. mL-.sil-lcn.o
Mischievous,^ destructive. Vtd. mtstshevcyvs. rniH.chcf-ug
Misna," the .fewi.sh civil law, tlivldcd in (> nar:«. mip n!i!i
Merchant. Virino{\n:c(] marchant in I'OO; na firkie i.i our orthorjiv. Tlio numlior of
jnerchaiil vessels em ;i!'.)yi'il hy IJiv/l.'-.iil niul ^^■otI;^lll!, piiioiiiils l()'-;0,()('0.
viethivks. Though u;;i'(l liy our host \vrii.!r.-=, is iievertliol.'^t-?' a co:rMi)lion.
tiXclonoviy. One wonl for anoiii.'r. Wi.' rc:.'?il in n\w\:H\t !\n\Uin:''')f ichil^ scarlet ocffrofn.
purple; because tlu>e .su[ii?ib eolois \v.\\\z ori ;iii:il'y cdiifni^d lo iiiio linen, olii poets have
applied it to thatsml <<t'fa!irh, re'/aidli'ss oflllc I'uo.
unssiafi F rt o>i", 1^0, C<i:iha. a .Iiuleim b.Tudit; Iho l;r,t, Ifi'iS Hforilrcai, Gertnnn Jew.
TXctliiiilints. <)ri!;i:iaMy a sfc! ot'pliysii'iaiio ^tlvdnu- ; aCierwMni:-, IiwO, alwdy of polemic
doctors, plead'MS lor lli»iiianiL-ni ; llienci^ pame jjiTind, p pint!;! l'riitl!:rli;):)d in En^'Iaiid ;
and now a rdiuions soricty, whoso r!)v:}::.ii.iiir;ivi.--, or r'"iis;tT<id iiicinlicrs. exeeod those
of all othnis in the v.crld. " Iteconlrd ninnher \n America, 1&.1-2, was '21)7,02--'. Upp'ji- (,'a-
nnda .")0,i>00 h(!ir(;rN, and 14,'.)(K) ('.ininninic aiUs.
new. A hnwk's ca^i'. Formerly the M"i^>|;lii!>n'Iinnd of Wiiifehall was full of mows, for
keeping the Kinff.s liawU.s ; hc.ii-c \\\r fmi a.-; r'.ppliod to lii^ majesty's recently iaifje sta-
bles there. Tmpropi'rly adapted liy (lie keepers of livery ftallc".
St,. M/i^/irti.r.' iiioiiiit. l^'u.'{ »(irti!ic,l liy .lolin, Earl 'M' ri.vf'ori!, iiu'ainsi Edward IV.
mlr. A (iernian mile i.s etpsal to t Enrlish otios, a niii'.'h 3 one fourlh, a Spanish lensuc
3lwo-lliiids, and 11 Jrisli miles make M iv.^ii,;!i. lis h njtii was fir.«t deieim'.acd ].5'J3.
MjV/'H7;/rflie] tetiii fn-crrf, inean.s prommion, wilhoiit addiiionr.l pay or duty.
yiiUc. liOiulon rnn::iinic.^ Ki million f:alloiis a'.mnally. The riiiiie.'so never use it. A
milk cow for milih row, is (Veipiciif hi're, and r(.n;ii;,)ii in t!ie IVorili, where it originated,
hxlvixtrrs. Amoiii; di; '^fiUers, are sujiported by their romjrnjiations, of which there ave
0000 in Kn;;!aiid, who bnild th<'ir own eh;ip.'h, and mainiain thf;;- eollepes, amounting to
tweiUy, expend MO, 000/. ami'.ially in ("hiisti:in nii.s.sions, ami educate 800,000 children In
their Stimlay Schools.
mrarU'. From wli"nre comes !n?V/ic(;/'', arirt'iinr coin fr.om the viilpc ; mint.
mUtia (onr) tlio' disen\liodied, eost« ;*()0,000/. per annum. Est.-ib. by kin;: Alfred.
Mj'mrs who were the 'ini-!f,pr;ii~i ol'jiv.cient Rome, were also called planipedcfl.
miiforttnic^ to or.r oppoinMits W' rM^\ jii^l2''"'rtts,, but to our oviU piHty ^»•/o/.s.
viint. A part of '^outhwark, erroneously siip|)o.«ed t<> Ik? pri<-ii^'red r'or liebiors. Thorn
are 8 presses in the Rov:il mint. •.'Iiirli throw 'ni'd'ir.T.aily iiMl.OOO piiyet:.
Viisna, or if.hchnuli. Wrirten by the faniou. rabbi .litd;;-:. ;boiU !fic }i'.'ir of Chrisit ISO.
■minvtc. A ball fired iV'>:u ajiun, rnove-^ at the raieol'37 iioies;.rr minttfe.
yiiddlc n/rc.i fin the] siuJi was the scioriy of booiis, that niu; bibb', Jerniue's episitlcs, &
H few volume* of ccclesinstinal oilircs, served several nioua,;terics in Spain.
<i
06
MAMTAL or ORTnOEl'\.
Missilo,^ thrown by the hnnil. Improperly lon;:^.
Missura,- chantin;jj ihr h\nin ■Stu.'C diinillis,
Mi.ster,^ what kind u[' mister? Ol).so!. {muslur)
Mistletoe," a [)lant growmg on the oak.
Mithridnte,'- a inedicinr (rood i'praiiisf poison.
Mitre,2 bp's. cap. Ex. Troy. First used in 1000.
Mittens," woiniai's gloves witluuit liiiyer.s.
Mixed,7 united. Improperly spelt mixt.
Mnemonics,- the art of memory. (.O'^O
Moh,2 a crowd. Contraction ol^ iiiohiJe Vo/s^^us.
Mobble,'^ to dress inelecuntlv. Now obsolete.
Mobile,2the populace. Usually called mo-hclc.
Mochasin,'' an Indian shoe made of skin.
Moe,^ more. Anciently mo. Now obsolete.
Molasses,'"* dregs of sugar. Properl\' mchissrs.
Molest,5to disturb. Low cockneys say m'lslcst,
Momery,2 a farce. Usually wv'iwv.u mvmmcry.
Moneyscriveiier,- a morey raiser lor others.
Monger,2 a dealer, trader, tish-boat.
Monogran),"a cipher ; compound of many letters
Monoiogue,2 a soliloquy. Corrupt, like vogue.
riiJ.i.il
iiiis.Koo-rah
ii!!'y-tiir
niiz v.ul.to
inilli-n;.i]a.to
iiii-tur
illlt-UtlZ
rnix.H
ncmon-iks
mo!)
mo. bill
moli.oel
jnok-a-sin
mo
mn-Ias.sez
njo-Iest
nium-rnur.ro [ur
niiin-nc-skrlv-en.
niun giir
mun.no.gram
mon-nu.lo^
Hiss. Pome profiT Tlin Uli.in May'.': to \\\v. .1//>.«rs !Mci/', nllo^iiig tliis. tliniiitli cnrrrrl, fo
be more puiten I'nr n 5uli.-rii|)iiiin list tliiiii liiiiiiii.'ir list' MiniiiNCi, i^wv tlicy, mIisskh nnd
Mrs. directly ilR^irlllllal<^ - Miss, ;i||;li<(l in irni.-ilis, in ITiir, was ilnMii'lit r<'piiiavllTu].
Hary Cross, who pcriormcd iilHuit 17()v>, wiis iln: (ii>l aclri'ss iiiiiiniirit't'd iis M/.v.s-.
missionary, Tlie Ann'ri<:iii iMiard iSrw ^'(lll<, scuds iVI into liciillii.'H laiid.s. Tliere ara
thirteen principal missionary so/iciii's in lOnuIand.
Vlisxtira. Part of a ( 'ailiniic ciMcni.inial pH'ciciio'! ilic doparliin- of liTc.
Jilista'ni *"•" inislaltt'n, isol'lcn, IjliI inipropciiy, adniiini" JMlodiilionuiics. Alsomi'jta-
kinffly lor niisliiiionly is n rotMiiion Ihidt lioili in sprakin^and vvriiini.'.
mistress. Its Corruption ;Hi>.««.?, nearly snpt'jsrclcs ilic piup-M sunn'l. Ani:inritly called
dame [now a farmer's wilV], wliieli in law s:ill mrans a baroniM's lady.
Mt'tc, inrlieesf', liardly visible to ilin naked cyi-, vol lias 8 l(':is, ii ''s, and 2joinlfd (en-
tacula. Also a coin, and iisiiu! word for a small pjt'ie o/bliarc ot any tliin<;.
tiithridate. Because invented by Mitliiidaies, kin-; of I'ontus, who answered twenty-
two ambasaadorBof dilTeront nalious v>iili(iiii an i!ii<'r|ii<;li'r.
nittrns, being warmer than tiUiV' s, I fonnd nnive,siilly worn in Anierira and Canada.
nitylcne [iiiit-e-/e-ne.] Tins word in Acts w, It. I> inipron;.|ly pronounced <rt«(-e-leen.
Kn-.monics. A late ortlinnpist [SlKMidaii] proiionnn's all its leiiers.
mob. Dean Swit> violently oppos(.>d iis pnliiiral inirodniiinn into Ireland. And was first
applied to the partisans of Lord riiiafteslinry, in the rei^n of Charles II.
mobhle. Found only in Shakesfie.ar's llainlci ; the word nui!: was unknown in hi3 time.
mobile. Accented, liy some writers, on hilr, tiiid liy oiheis on mo.
monarchy. The earliest w;is I'onnded liy 'I'li'sen-'. J'J,")!! yiars l)"f(iie Cliii.'t.
monastery. First erected in lOnulinid was iit (;ia.-.tn!iliiii y Somerset, in 5!t7. Ilrnry 8th
suppressed (ii3, with 90 colieues ; 2:iT4 eliaiitiies, and 110 hospitals. Thtir united annual
revenues were equivalent to six millions ofciiU' raoney.
monry was first struck in (Jreecte, and so mTide a- to divide into ciaht parts. Paper mo-
ney is ftenerally supposed to have oi ifiinatcduiili the Chinese. I'irst stamped by IMiidon,
tyrant of Ar^os, ^94 years before Cliii.st. " ,
money [hat] < commercial perquisite, nllnwrd io the captain nf a ship ; as Chevisance
ifl that of a composition between diMnnr and creditor.
Honk. The first one was Paul of Thebais, in or about the year 250.
MANUAL OK ORTHOEPY.
67
as C/icvisance
Monostich,^ a composifion of one Verse. mo-nos-iik
Monosyllable,^ a word of one sylhiule. niOn-o.Bil.la.bU
RIontem,- a fricnniiil custom of Eton sclioliirs. mon.tom
Montreal," E. a mount. & soiir.of TJt./t^u/.c. ull. moni-re-ul
Monnincu!,2 a toinl), |)il!ar. Vii';2;o luonneineid mon.yow.raeut
Moon,2 rises ;'} of an hour later daily. niuuo
Mo(»r,2 yx\x\n of color. Pro;), maiir from inanrus. more
Mordant,^ l)itin;ii;. V\'o\i. vuirdciil : Ex. /iiorc/eo. mor-dant
Mortga're,-'' to plcdnjo ; "security. n-.Cr.gidga
Mosaic,- a varie<;ated work v.iih pebbles, &c. nnj-za-iU
Mosclietto," u West India f;ir.it. Also mo!i<piUo,moa.]i.Q.\.o
Moses,2 because foinid in waior. Jewish leafier, mo.zez
Mosque," a Turkish temple. Sonic, mask, (full) mosk
Mote,"'' for mif^ht. Now obsolete, mote
Motli,^ an insect. Furnierly called mauLh. moth
Mould,- earth. Anci»!nt. moul. Vidi^o wio-oo/W. mold
Multi,^ primate of the Mussulmans: or jnuphli.im~if.te
Mujr<Ty,3 nioist, damp. (Jorru()lion of murky, mug-ge
Mulatto," one born of a black and a v. Id.e. mew-lat-lo
Mulberry," a fruit : v.e htive « sorl-s. Ex. Per- n.ul-'urir-ro
sia, 1576.
Multum,^ ex. of quasf'ia and liquorice juice. nml.tum
Murder,^ to kill. Formjrly written mvrther. mur-der
Montem. Tliip custom nrosn nt tliat early pfrinil ivln'ii Ilia failifrs of the cliurcli iold
their coiiscrraicii salt (or iiicdicul piiriioscs. F.ton waf. iViMiicily spelt Eaton.
Jloiit/i. Tim h'nip<<r<ir ('ii.iil('iiiji;;in' iinvc iiiiiiics lo ilii' luonilis.
J\tnre. If n pcrsdii :<ny—^' I (In no! iilit; lliis," nnotlier rfjoiiis, "No viore do I :" slioutd
b(!— "Ncitlier do," or, ' iSdr do I." l'iiii>t^r< (iiiisliiiiir u stiiteiico, more always requires tAo»
oficr it.
Jlosaic, is not of IIel)r('\v extraction, Imf rninos from ..Vhs/i'mw ; licnce, nii<Tht to be
viusnir. Jn tli<' niatiiiCarrory at KonK?, ilii! varittics ol"slia(l<'s in i-oior amount to 18,0((0!
Mutlicr. Alpin substituted for .M;s. aiiidii:' iV-inali'H of niidillc asc and low stnndinj;. JUo-
titer Carii's rhicktn.i : black sea tnwis. i^ize of a sumMow, and web- footed : so called by
sailorf, bccniis(! {.'encrnlly prcccdjiif! a >tonn. I'ropcriy /K7)vis.
JUiifti. VVIicii addrcs.'i!<l, in wiiiiiiK. by llir prand Si'j'j "ir, lie pivns him ticc/ce titles.
Mulatto. 'I lie exiri'ines (,f heal and cold are alike iiiiini. al to the enlargement of the
iindersiaiidiiii;: tlii.i freezes, tliai parc/ies it. From ilie preat nmnVwr ^t^( J\Iulattoca, that
have p.tssed under my observatiirii, nui a Koliiaiy exception ever yet arose against llie
rule (d'my opinion.
Mum. Ale brewed with wheat. Oripinaliy made in the dukedom of Druiiswick.
Miiltiun. Used by fiauduleni brewcrn toeconoMii.sc bnih malt and hops.
Milan. By which means she conii'.letes her joii. iiey rn\iiid the earth iii about 30 days.
Miinrgati:. A city pate: becaiisi; \l.\i spot wa-; iuici.iitly an extensive moor.
Motto. Our repiil one Diviid uo.i /^n/iV, w.'is (list iimcI by Kichard 1, in J194. •' It0
vho Dparrs tlirrod lintrn the rlnlil,'' on tli.' seal uxWid Jitii.-in, pram, sclinol, Lincolns.
Miiravinns (but lO.lHIO) have 127 Mis-ionaiy slaii.vi , \\ iiich cost them 9000/. a year.
Mountains. The liitiliest are siuiaied at or iietir the e, iintor; the .,7niiM are of this num-
ber. Entire chain oi th(^ American, extends upwards of 11,500 miles. Tliat of .^'(na ia
180 miles in rircumferenne, with 77 cities, towns and villapes on its sides.
MonosyUablr.<!. Are comparejl by er and rat ; diBs\llahles by more and most; tbose in
y and ie, after a mute, or accented on the last syllable, ea^ia admit of er and eat.
Note :— In Hayti they mourn 58 weeks for a hufibnnd, 20 a wife, .3 an uncle, and 2 a
cousin. Henry III, of France, first inourn'd in bluck ; liU then in vioUt. Chinese in uhitt.
■ M j^
58
MANUAL or ORTHOKl'Y.
Mure,^ a wall. Mns,- a scramble. Both disuscfl. niowor: mua
Musician,- one skilled in music. (/«j/v/<'m//c/-.) inew-jish-un
Mus/^ the rut, of which there are 4(! specie
Muses,2 deities over the arts and scicucw?).
Myopes,- short. sij^htcd persons. iSii
niuH
iiifi.ycs
iiiur
mista-gog
iiri-!)ul
•f>i/ops
Myrrh,2 an aromatic m. Corruptly wire
Mystagogue,-' an interpreter of unsler' .
N.
Nabal,- a churlish .Few ot Carmel in Judea.
Nabob,- viceroy of the (J real Mo<;uI. ( '/f/.^o6) uii.bob
Noiades,- water nymphs. Corn;[)tly «rt(/f/6-. nay-a-duz
Nankin,^ a stulf. Because made at Aankin. nan-koon
Naphtha,- a kind of \uictioiis metal. naf-tha
Narrate,"'"' to relate. From the Latin of narro. nar-rato
(na-ra-shun) nar-ra.shun
(nnrruh) nar-ro
(Sliirshun. ) nns.tur-shurti
{nai-rnl) nfitsh.ur.tl
Narration,^ an account.
Narrow/' to contract, make less.
Nasturtium,^ a garden plant.
N«*ural,^ produced by nature.
NatU'-3,-the native si ite of any thing, {na-lur) na-tbhuro
N'TUght,^ worthless. Commonly written nought, nawt
Nauni'^chy," a mock sea-figlit. («f. 'f-;;;a./i7<c)nrLw-ma.ko
Nauseously,' otlensively, loathsomely. naw-slms-lo
Marllinrovirh (iioar) in Silbiiry hxWhnrrnw, liirco as a pyramid of Orza. 'J'Iu'hh mounds of
earth ovi't tlio duad, of wiiicli (M■nv(^s are !>u imiiation, alpmrid in ICrjIiiiid, espec. WiHs.
MiCn. 'I coiid'nt lu'l|i it /«»;«,' Tliisodd word is plainly a liarbarism on man.
Muses, Ln)ni(: say thr,:n, Mnctnc, An-di-, and M>'loti : llonicr and llf\*i()d rt'ukon ninn,
Clio, Eutorpo, Tliaiia, ftlcliioniciK;, Tcrp.sicliorc, Kiatn, l'ol>liyninia, Urania, & C'alliopo.
Muskets. Tlj(.'ir (ixi^l lc:ii;ili i:( !)l". i-'iii. frcni iiui/,zlo to pan : rain;e of ils ball 720 feet.
First seen In Asia, and uhmI in F.arope at iIk^ Mxga of Ulicfrc in ITrJI.
Musician. A London niol) '.vill not only add re, to Iliis woiil, l.i't iliat also of optician.
A iJulcimrr has about 50 wires over a brid:.'!' at racli vnd, pl."y( d on witli iron rods.
Music (scoring; in) is arrnni'in'i lis driai'bcd parin into nu'ilmd and ordi'r.
Mu.sical chimes abound in Jioudon cliuiclii's, but thosein Spilalfif^Iu.H arc tlie bnst.
Mussulmans. Tiicrc arc two sorts, So/i,(,'Zc.v, of Omar, and f>/:iit.es, of ,\li. Somo say
Muasulmcn ; bat wo write Ottomans and (ifrnuni.'i plnral; and In- wlio should convert
Uiem into Oliumrn and Giriiu):, would bo siurrly lau;.Mird at for his pains.
Muttial. Sliould fnvo place to cnnii'ion in " Our htvttinl licnefartor."
Mutton and Beef. First pold by wijilil, l."3(, a /iiilf/niuiii nnd three farthings apouna.
Myopes. From which comes the verb to inopr, and ilio noun a mope.
Myriad. Ten thousand: but ('rroncously apiilied to an indcliuite number.
A^l.'as one sound ; isnnitc afti'r ?», and when preceded by / in the same syllable.
J^abal. Hence the word r.ow denotes a rirb, covetous, hard-liearted man.
J^ahob. Properly JiayoA, til!.' iilural ef ;;«;',';, a depiity : .-ame also as nazim. Lilfcwiso
title of a prince ; also a F.uropeau that lias acqiiinul a foriune ii> the East Indies,
JVaAa (on the river) near Cobb, ntz, related by Hartbins, v as an echo repeating 17 times.
JVaiades. Latin plural : Eniilisb one, naiil.-: ; singular, unid (nay-ud); vulgo, nade.
.N'ame (Scripture) of Itelhphase, is mispronounced bith-page ; jiroperly ici/t-fa-je.
Jsfapolcoji, during hia elevcii years reign, lost in battle, .'i,liiii,0(H) men. In the latjtyear
thereof, he lek'ied, exclusive of I he national guard, l,rJOO,{)00 more!
Jifarratc. Dr. Johnson says, surely by misinke. that it is used otdy in f^cotland.
.N'ationnl debt. Allowance to the bank for its manaaement, is'251,8!)ti/. annually.
JVat/' 'H f'he) .r\iicieut writers do not agree upon tlie exr.ct ijeriod, but run through all
the nio.:' lis .'the yt ar. JVutnre is used by Theologians in eight senses.
J^auf^ht. Also substituted for nought, which see. And vag'd for agjjravated.
/
MANUAL '^F OUTIIOEPV.
59
: iiius
isll-UM
cz
>tl
)f sli
Vuli
•fiog
oz
ei)
I
,0
shun
'•shuiti
I'd
iro
a-ko
ius.Io
*'■ mounds of
^''pec. Wilts,
t.
n.'ukon ninn,
1 & Calliopi'.
ball 720 feet.
> of optician,
on rods.
10 best.
• Hoinn any
ould cniiveit
tffs a pouna.
tabic.
• Likewiso
ie.s,
ii'g 17 times.
, vade.
!A-fii-.ie.
he last year
nJ.
iinlly.
through all
//.
Naval,"' coiisi.'
Navel,- purt of tlio body. Con*. 7t(iv-vuL nn-vul
Navigator,- a seaman, one who pilots a ship. iriv.o.ga.iur
Navy,*-^ ships ci' war only. Vulj];ar!y nai'-vc.'nc\.\n
Ne,' neither, or not. Is now obcolete. no
Neap,-' (h;cresccnt. Apjdieil to the tides onh'. ncpn
Neatherd,- one wlio keeps herd.a. {nvthurd) ntct-lmrd
Neh,- heuk, month. Improperly idb.nch
Necessitated," ol)lio;cd. Vnl«:j, n€.scs.si.u.ti<L nc-Bos-so-ta-tod
Neckcloth,'-^ a cravat. Cor. of croat. (/n7.-./////t)nok.klotli
Nectarine,^ a I'ruit, we have 2'-* sorts. {nck-irin)xM'k-\.\xx.n\\
Needham," an ancient town in SulFolk. noilcem
Needle,''* a small .steel bar made use of in a ma-
rincr's compass ; a thing to sew with. ncc-dul
Neese,^to sneeze. Is become obsolete, nczo
Ner,2 the body of a church. Corr. nif. ncf
Nefandns,^ abominable, wic!;cd. {mf.an.dis) nGSiin-A\iB
Negation,- a denial ; a description by negative. ncga-Bhun
Negligence,^ acting heedlessly. (neg-U-jince) neg-lo.jcnco
Negotiator,'-* a manager. Nc-gOsh-ca-iitr. ncgo.sho.a.tur
Negro,2 a slave. Vulgarly called ne.gur. ndgro
Negus,-wine, water, sugar, nulmeg &; lemon. nO.gns
Neif,2 the first, a bond- woman. Corr. aj//'. ncef
Neigh,^ to cry like a horse ; ^ the voice of one. na
J^avigation (our canal) in the vicinity of London -alonf!, rquals that of all France.
J^'avi /ration. The phraceolojry of this art i^ imported from Holland : Greek and Latin
supply uti with all the terms in the mathrmnlirs and philosophy ; as <lo the Italian lan-
guapj those of our artists (ind lousicians ; wliilst our military men borrow theirs from
the tlexihility of the French ; and the heavy- I'drnied Sa.xun produce all those that are to
be found in agriculture ami the mechanical arts.
JVavigator. Vulearly inisadoptcd for an excavator, or cutter of a canal.
Jfavy. From 17113 to lH'2y ours lost .5.51 ships; of vvliich KM) were taken or destroyed by
the enemy ; the remainder were stranded, burnt or foundered. Aujeiiciin is 7 ships of
the line, 11 frigates, 2 corvettes, 12 sloops, and 7 schooners. The lirst statutes respecting
the British Navy, were passed in the reifn of llichard II.
JVavyyards of England are Chatham, De|)iford, Woolwich, Portsmouth, Shceruess, &
Plymouth. J^Tavy-bills are those issued for stores, and bear interest until paid.
JVeai>-tidfl, no often occurrins. means a low, short, or slack tide.
JVeb. Denotes in Scotland, when used, the hill of a bird.
JVcccssarirx of life, in England, are ta.x'd to the amount of 32,000,000/. annually.
JJ'eedlcs. Wliitccliapel are the best: properly made of German or Hungarian steel.
JVecdham. '-The hiirli :^aij to .N'cedham" is, vulgarly, the right one to poverty.
legation. We have an old edition of the bilde in which by mistake the negations are
omitted in the decalogue : the Stationer's Company wore, however, amerced in a heavy
penalty for entering the edition without discovering the errata.
Jifegociator. Some authorities accent it dillereutly, but the above prevails.
JVegroes : s, in an elision after a plural, is thus placed Utrgrucs' cots,' not between the
two last letters. They were adjudged to be free, upon landing in this country, in 1772.
Called niggurs by the colonists.
Jfegvs. Named and brought into fashion Vy r. Negus, ni.aster of the horse to Geo. I.
JV'eighbour. Also a term used by provincials to distinguish a woman helper from a re-
gular servant : a very reasonable distinction, and much needed elsewhere.
1
00
MANHAL or OmilORPY.
Nei<2;libourly,' bpcoming a n(iv;lihoiir, kind. nftbur-lo
Neilher,3 not oil her. (niJhei' and nather) nc tliur
Nemoral,' rolaliiifr to a grovo. {nr.mn.ni/) nCui.nr.ul
Nepenthe,'* a drug that expels pain. (/k7>-^////0 iiopOn-tho
Ne|>hew,2 son of a brother or sister. (nrn.rr) nev.ycw
Nephrilic,''*goo»l lor the slone. (nif.liri>) nefrit-ilc
Nervoii8,3 strong, vigorous. {ntrr.yii.s} ,t(ir\.»3
Nescience, 2 ignorauce, illilenifcncss. ( ncsh-eiis ) uGnh-o.onc9
Ness,2 ,1 headland point, a nose. Prop. Ncz . noss
Nestle,^ to lie close, cherisli. (n^'z-d) nOti-uX
Netlier,-M()\vcr, placed helovv. (vre-t/icr)t\C\\\.nr
Neuter,-' being of neither party. (ni'-tur) wwAr.r
Never,' at no time, in no degree, [nlv-irr) nev-vur
New,3 fresh, late, modern. («./) nnu
News,* fresh accounts of transactions, (ntize) nouze
Newt,2 a cree|)ing animal, lizard. {iiitlc) nowto
Niagara I-'alis. " U. Canada; near a mile wide, ni.ug.a-rah
Nibbler,** a small biter. Mis.K|)elt nlhler. niltiur
Niche,** a hollow for a statue. Carr. nclshcu\{»\\
Nide,** a brood, as a brood ot pheasants. nido
Nigh,^ near, its snppi}', and better word. ri
Nightingale,'* a singing bird. {iiUcin-^vl) nito-in-galo
Nihility,'* nothingness. {niLe-ie) nUnle.io
Nillj^to refuse. Improperly written with one /. nil
M'ritktr. Rpquiros wor nfier it; lienro the innrcurary—" JVcft'i^rr fills »r Jbnt." On
the contrnry, wlipn the n is IcCt out, vnr must he piii lieCoie it ; as — "Is it tliis one t"—
"No, nor Ihnt I'itliPr." It w ofinn coiit'uiiiKli'il w iiti vrtlirr
J^epos [Cornrliuif.] Whs tlic \m\ cliisfiifiil lu'ojt piiiiiid in IJiifFin (Mosrnw, I'lil).
AVtos. Formnil I'rnin iIir itiiiinls of the rardiiiiil imiiiis — Nortli, Kii«it, West, niid ;Jouth;
It remnrl< tliiit lins liiilicrto c-MCiipcd luilici', jukI nidst ^illL'>llally n|i|ilK:nl)li<.
Jfetespajicr. CO iirr publJHlicd in I^dikIoii, ['JO in DiililliiJ which iliirw ii(r30,158,741 Im-
Srt'Biiiong Inst yenr; 2(i0.0(Ml uf vvlii<'h wcxv. (-imii i<iti) the (i)nniiy wrcltly. It rcciuirea
5,000/. to set lip II Ijcnddiidiiily pHpcr. Thi; New V'nik f7/r;V//rtn .'7(/»vir«r>', srIU 30,000
collies nf encli iiiiprcFhiun. T'iist iU\7>'.l\(\ wiih pnl)hsli('<i at Oxl'iiiil, \<>v. 7, ICti.j.
JVeto year. The Jews li»'enn Iliciis in Marcli, the Alhciii.'itis with June, the M.ncedonl-
ana on S4tti ofHrpteinhur. tin- llthinplans and Krypiians .'iOtli iil'Aii;!ii!<t, the Persians and
Armenians the lltii tliciciir; hut l.'lii Isiiaiit; nl' the wci-tuni world coiiiiiieiicu tiieirs on the
Ist of January : lietire thocniifiiciin<.' data (iCcvcnls.
Blane-JVex, or IVhitc Mrad land, on thr ricnch ccins't, Init iirmtirally Plark .VV.fff.
fiictne creed. Made tiy ('iinstaiiliiie, atr*'ii:e, Ill.'i, and received by the Kiiciish Clilircb ;
U that oftliR ./If/iniiasiaii, It: tenth conliiry ; since jiroved to be by tlie bJHhop ii{ ^rleg.
fiill. Nearly obsoliue, but the noun nil is In f.'(iod use.
Never. Its (loetical ism ni'cr, is xnl)jert to the same remark ns llint on mr.itakcn.
Nfjo bread is injnriniis, whilst two stale loaves will jro as t"ar n:)thie(! new ones.
New Testament and the Old, were divided intorlmpters by Clnro, a monk, 1258; and
hrto verBPs by Stephens, a Frenrh primer, 1551. The Jews divided tlie Old Testagieni
Into tt ' Law, the Prophets, and the Wriiinps. Komaiiisis nccepMheuw/^rttsonly of both.
Kieety. We pronounce in three, but .safctt/, ninety, and nurdy, in two syllables.
miagara-faUs descend 100 feet, In form of a sectorrircle. At iny visit, 1833, 1 pawed
mdor them with some risk, and heard their roar a distance of fifteen miles.
VuLOARMMi •.—"Nairn (neither) of *^." And bi(d« nea-Ut for iM«tt.
MANUAT, OF t^TlTM -»FrT.
• 1
Nine Nations,- tlio conunoimlty df llrnsscls.
Nisi-priiis,- u civil miirt. ()i>sl.pri-.<ii)
NittMicy,- bri^lilnosH, a spring;. Now nbsohlr.
Nitrons,^ imprciinaleil with nifro. (iiif-rti.s)
Noblossc,- wholo body of nobles. (noJ/lrrz)
Nocoiit,'' '.ruilty. Corruptly calbMl nos.simf.
Noioiis,-' nii.scliiovoiiH. Now ohsolclc. [not;. us)
Noisy,'* nnnily. A I.itc writer aMs it noc-ze.
Nominal,-' in appoararico only. {nam mil)
Noniinatit)n,- an appointment. (nom-na-shun)
Nomiiintivo,'' u case in ii^rnniniar. (^iiom-(f-lir)
Nonci!,- purpose, design, drift. (nnnsc)
None,-' not any one. (nnn and/';///)
Nonesuch,- unequalled. Or nonsnr/i. (niin.siilch)
Nonsolution,- not sol-.ed. {nun-so-hi-shun)
Nonsuit,-'"' to quash pnjcee(lin;!Ts. (iiun-<siUc)
Nore,- that part of the Thames oirSheerness.
Norfolk-billln," an apple. Properly lieai'Jf'in.
North-wcstorn,-' a violent wind. {nor-u'calcr)
Notabl(^.3 remarkable, bustlinfr, careful.
Notation,^ recording any thing m}' figures.
Notes,2 for and above £100,000 are punctured.
Notice,- regard, advice. Commonly not-is.
Notoriety ,2 publicity. Barbarously no-for-e-tc.
ninon&r.sh.tinii
ni.sipri.uB
lU'-tlMIKO
iii.tniH
iio.IjIcs
I id. KO lit
noy.zo
noin ir\.iil
iinrn-in il-shun
ndin.in.a-iiv
nunso
nun
non sutsh
non-so-Iew.sliun
n6n-8uto
noor
nor.fulk.blffin
north. west-urn
no.ta-bel
no-ta-sliun
notes
nu-tis
no-to.ri-e-te
NincpniVof niiiNclps nrn williin tlin mniitli and lips; liiscrtrfl into Ihn Intter.
Ni'rt" (liy tlif! drr/i) N'liiiilcal t(!riii on Ik avitm llic lead, l)iit |tr<ip(!rly dip.
N/n<? Iff lUamiiiid.-i. The riii>u of SciitliiiKl ; hccniisc tivii. Cainplicll, <»M tlie evt of thO
baliifi ot"Ciillii(l(Mi, rci'civcd an nrdiT wiilK'n iipdii this card, idylvG iid quarier.
Noliilitii. Kxiircsst'd nnioiiL' our Saxon anccstois, liy tlie word .Udirman ; then equivB-
lent to carl or coiin; now. Was tifri'ssary lor t)roirioii<in in the urniius of old France.
tioljlrnnr. [''oriu«'rly acrciili (I on llii' llrsi syllahlf.
NomiiKiHi^r. Ill ilii' lurry ol' school pioiioMciaiioii, niisralird nomnntivr.
Honcr. iMiiy he ri'^olvcd iiiio niirry wliich i! is now conjccinri'd to n prcsnnt.
Horn: Also one nl'thi; Hoinish si'Vimi ranoiiical honis. answoriiig to tlir)!C o'clock.
y.onsfnsr, snnnds worsn in iho llnulisli Ihaii thai oCaiiy other laiiKuap;e.
tinr. Many ports adopt it Cor iniilirr; — "N»»' iindi'istandiii'.' aiijilit, vor understood."
How ninch tmcvcr w(! iniiy fi'cl incliiird to lolcraif it in this instance, we are t>y no inenni
so dispohe<l in th ' Collowinir ; — ''Deaih sptires ««)• a};<' norsi'\." 'J'liis poet icisni Is not only
defitltuiH ot'einlit ilishnieiit, lint ex'hihits had ta.sto. Al!liou<;lt servilely cojiicd by a lioat
of poetaslf.'iE, it i: not ii wi! the less ceiisiirahle.
iiorth (irciM eji iiosed to the) in (^iiiadian woods, are protected with moss, by ndtiirc.
Unrwnnil liiHn .n: .1!I0 feet aliove the level of the seti ; and as the London fogs never
rise higher than '-'40, they coiise()nenlly enjoy pre-einiiient sahihriiy.
'Is there tione liere hut yon V A I'nininon inipropriely, and even used by Dean Swift.
liotatian of the (\ncienis, nccordiiij? in Pliny, did not exceed 100,(KM).
Jiotabtu- When "■bustliii/r" then jio«-a-hel. This applies also to nutabhj.
Votes. Of the above niHgnitude pass from the East India Company, lor tea duties, to
the Bank, and thence to the Excise ; and beine filled np in vviitins, to prevent alteration,
are reRnlarly pricked all over. In France, there are no notes but the nationai bank: a-
mount circulating in Scotland 3,500,000/. Notes of music inventod 1070.
VuLaARiBMs :— Noinf and anint, nunpluah, nur, for anoint, nonplus, (non-plus) k. n«r.
I '
m
03
MANUAL OF ORTHOEPY,
Notus,'' the south wind. (not-is)
Nought,^ this character (o) Improperly aught.
Nous,2 common word for scnso, talent, tact.
Nousel,"'* to nurse up. Corruptly now-zel.
Novel,'-^ new : a law annoxod to the code.
Novenary," numher of nine. (^nuv-na-re)
Novercal,^ manner of a stcp-niotiier. {nnvurhil)
Novice," an unlearned person. Com. nuv-vus.
Novitiate,^ the cr..,»j:tion of a novice.
Nowise,''' not in any manner, by no means.
Noxious,^ destructive, criminal, guilty.
NozIe,2 a nose, fronU Mis-spelt noslc.
Nubile,^ marriageable.
Improperly loni
Nucleus,^ a kernel. Ccjrruptly nuh-lus.
Nuisance,^ something obnoxious. (nu-sans)
Numbedness," stupefaction. {num-nus)
Number," many figures added, harmony.
Numerous,^ containing many. {num-rus)
Nunchion, ^ Tood eaten at an irregular time.
Nuncupative ,3 by word of mouth, not written.
Nuptial,'' of or pertaining to marriage.
Nurse,^ one ^hat has the care of children, {nus)
Nu3tle,5 tQ fondle, to cherish. (nurz-ul)
Nymph,^ a goddess of the woods, lady, virgin.
nu-tis
nnwt
noiise
nuz-el
nov-iil
nov-cn-ar-o
no-vCr.kal
nov-vis
no-visii-fhe-ate
nu-wiso
tioli-shus
noz-zul
novv-bil
ncw-kle-us
ncw-sanso
iium-od.ness
numbur
nfw-mor-us
nuii-shuh
niin>kcw.pa-tivo
nup-shul
nurso
nus-sul
nimf
Nough*. Often, in Schools, miscalled ought, and so received commonly hy others.
fioKsel. A corruption from nurslc.
Nore^A. Alan 168 volumeH of the Civil Law added, by Justinian, to the Codex. The
code ia accounted the second volume of the civil law, and contains 12 books.
Nowise. Improperly called, and ns improperly written, noways.
Nolle. By being written with 2, instead of a, is leas objectionable : stil' its orthography
ta defective, as that nfcodle, and others of the same class.
Nudge. A common term, signifying a slight push or touch with the elbow.
Numb. When b follows m at the end of a word it is invariably mute.
Number. If a business man in London, reside in tlie upper part of a house, and the No.
be 12, he announces himself by figuring the door-pot,i 12J. Cardinal numbers are 1, 2,
etc. ordinal lat, 2nd, etc. and compovnd such as 12 diviriible by 2, 3, 4, and 6. Aliquant
ant! "liquot aie easily mistaken: this has no remainder, but t/iat has,
iiumber of Coinevs in our system is unknown, hut up to 1771, about 450 had appeared.
Numfrers contains thq whole period of Moses' ministration in tlic wilderness.
Nunchion. Corruption of »ioom-c*ioii, foori taken at noon. Some -^ay that iinirA means
a large piece of food, and nunchion, victuals eaten between meals: a ilistinction, however,
that appears to me, to be something like splitting hairs.
Nunnery. First in England, was at Folkstone, Kent, founded by King Eadbald in 030.
Nuts. Acorns, crabs, and a few wild berries, arc all the vegetable food natural to our
Island, all others having been r 'finally imported from other countries.
Nouns in or, are of Latin origin, whilst those in cr, arc of Saxon growth. Some may
be uaed as adjectives : we can say a gold or goUhn ring, a wood or wooden frame.
Niem«raZ letters arc all those commonly used for figures, nsT. V. X. L. C. D. M.
Nurse. Joan of Oxford, asnurre to tlie black prince, had a pension of 10{. a year. T*
•ay a nursing was coramon a century since, but is uuw very properly exploded.
IS
t
56
el
ul
cn-ar-0
tJr-kal
vis
Is'i-rhe-ate
rise
shus
zul
-bil
-kle-us
■sanso
-cd.nesa
bur
■mi^r.us
shui.
kew.pa-tiva
shul
3Ul
■ by others.
le Codex.
Us.
The
its orthography
ow.
ise, nnd the No.
ribers are 1, 2,
)ii 6. Aliquant
had appeared.
TllCtiS.
M lunch means
ctioii, liowever,
ladbald in G30.
natural to our
:h. Some may
. frame.
D. D. M.
Ql. a year. T#
>loded.
MAXUAL OP oinnovrv.
63
O
Oafish,^ (lull, stupid, weak. (o/T- w/i)ofe.ish
Oak, 2 the name of a tree, or its wood . oko
Oar,^ to impel by rowing. (o-wr) ore
Obduracy," hardness of lieart. {oh-ju-ra-si) 6b.du.ra.so
Obeisance,'^ an act of courtesy. {o-he-sens) o-bCsanso
Obelisk,'- u pyramid. Iniproperly oh-li&k. ob-e-lisk
Obit,2 death, funeral rites. (ob-bit) o-bit
Oblige,^ to bind or force, do a favor. (o-bJcje) o.blije
Oblique,"^ not direct. Improp. oh-like. ob-leck
Oblivion," forgetfulness. {oh.l'w.yin) o.\A\\.yun
Oblivious,'* causing forgoi fulness. (o6-Ziu-?/Ms) o-bliv-ve.ua
Obolus,^ an ancient silver coin. ob-o.lus
Obsolete,^ disused, grown out of use. ob-so-lelo
Obtestation,^ a supplication, prayer. ob-tes-ta-shun
Obvious,"* evident, clear. Corruptly ob-vus, ob.ve-us
Obviously,' evidently. Impr. ob-vus-le. cb-ve-us-lo
Occult,3 secret. Frequently mis-spelt ok-ult. ok-kult
Ocean,^ are 3, Atlantic, Pacific and Indian. o.shun
Ochre,'-^ a coarse blue or yellow earth. {fuU)o.k\ix
Ocypete,^onc of the Harpies, {o-si-peet, o-sipt) o.slYte.iQ
Odetam.2 the choir-service of a church. (orfe.2/Mm)o-de-mn
Odious,^ abominable. Improperiy oJe-yt/*. o.do-us
Odium,'-^ hatred. Barbarously q/wm. (ode-ywm) o-de.um
Odoui ,2 a good or bad scent. Vulg. ode-yur, o-dur
Oeiliad,2 a glance. By some caWed eyelid, e-ilyud
O Is sometimes pronounced like w, as in ovc ; and of w, as in ton : it may also be ad-
ded, the Scots invai iitlily pronounce it a ; and as invariably a, o.
Oak. To buil<l a ship of war of 7-1 guns, rt'cpiires the produce of fourteen acres of oak !
Isofsluv/ growth, seldom attaining a greater diameter than 14 inches in 80 years.
OarW A boat uiwod by two or more n^en ; but scvllrrn, when plied by one person only.
Oliduracy. Often accented on ilii, nnd also cixWcil ob-ja-ra-se.
Obey (o-6a) Had ancienlly the preposition to before the person obeyed.
Obliffc. Many writers append the true orthoejjy with its barbarism o bleedge, which the
mob adopt indiscrimirniteSy with that of obligated. The Jews are obliged to rehearse 100
benedictions daily, 80 of which must be delivered In the mornin)!.
Oblique. Retains its French form ; a few endeavour to mould it into nn English one.
Oblivious. Occasionally written obtivial, which some think is chaster.
Obolus. Formerly meant the half of any coin, of what value soever it might be.
Obtained. In mentioning the adoption of any custom, net, or object, instead of saying it
has obtained consideration or respect, some writers now say, "It has obtained" which Li
Imperfect, meagre and inelegant.
Odeum. Also a place in which musicians practise beforo entering the theatre.
Odious. Has a barbarism of o-jus, with which a late ortlioepist is chargeable
Ociliad. Occurs in Shakspcarc's Lror, and is the only insiance in which this triphthong
is to be found. Note : pit and gli, ending words, generally sound like/.
Oath. (The Freemans) and an Almanac were the (irsi two books printed in America.
Oats. 38lbs. is the mean weight of a bushel, 50 that of barley, and 60 of wheat.
Note :— Anciently actors in noble families, at the end of the play, prayed for the health
and prosperity of (heir patrona; and in theatres for that of the king and queen: henct
the addition of P'lvant Rex et Rcgina, to modern play bills.
I
1
♦ ,f
•4
MANUAL OF ORTnOEPY.
Of,^ concerning, according to, by, or in. ov
Ofl',' signifying dis.unco, not near. of
Official," an ofliccr 'n tlie ecclesiastical court, of.fish.shul
Offing,- naii(ic;jl for d\c oj)en sea. i^f-fa^) "tT-ing
Ogle,^to l(n)Ii sliiy. {o<r.f:iil)o.g\i\
Oglio,^ a medley. Sometimes spelt olio, o-lo-o
Oh !,"^ expressing either sorrow or anguish. o
Oint,'' to smear over. CJorrnpt. iVom anoint, oynt
Okus,^ to administer a soporific draught. o-iuia
Olid, or oiidous,3 rank. Mispronounced o-lid. cl-id
Oiney^^a town in Bucks. Fonneily otil-rifj/. ol.ne
OIym|)iad,~the space of four years, {o-l itn-pid) o.limp.yud
Ombre,^ agiime at cards ; name of a (isli. om.bur
OminouSj^^foreboding ill. (O-min-us) om-cnoua
Omniscience,2 infinite wisdom. omnish-shonso
Omnium,2 various stocks in a new loan. om-ne-um
Omphale,^aqueen of LytVin. {om-fad cf n}n-fd-Ie)umra.lo
Once,7at one time. Vulgarly called iinse. wunse
One,"' single, any. In the provinces own. wun
OnioUj^a plant. Some, vn-yim. Bavh. ingun. on yun
Only,' singly. Provincially as spelt, own. lo
O/sIiould be expiingpd in "rinpin? «/1)cII.>j, and firi tip; o/ cannon." Likewise in "singing
of 8oripB,"etc. niitl iej''Cl»'d for irit.lt in — "iu-inmirit liiiii f</'il."
O/and Off. S|)ellvnai'innM, In rlieir woidn, .similar in sound, (live tlieni one nnd tliQ
lanie. Notu. Wlion of, an, to, do, and is, are used as words, not sj'llabies, lliey are pro-
nounced ov, az, (loo, too, and iz.
Off. Redundant words aii; murks of vnldtirify : "tnl<e the l(ooI< ofTo/ llie table."
Offal. 'J'lie iiead, hide, and entriiils of an anininl, a\ clawed at a |u'iiny per pound.
Office of coroner. Sui'ii paid to those of Middli'St'X (.'J} lor the last 75 days of 1831, was
237/. [n some counties a coroner's entoluni(-nls do not exceed 7.V. p(-r annum. L. C. Jus-
tice of the Kind's liench, Is our sovi'reifrn coroner, umler lilni two for inch county.
Officer. When the Iierald of a victory, receives pecuniary reward, exclusive of promo-
tion. Kundier nf oliicers of all grades in onr army, on .Inly 1, IHIU, was 13,G33. Tliose
havingtlie command of entire ri'iiinienis, aredenoniinaled iield (itlicius.
Ogle. Regularly marked in critical pronouncinj; dii'tionaries, as o/rl.
Ohl Written in this manner wlii'M exchiniiiiive, or denoiini: |iain I'iiher of body or
nind ; but wlutn entreaiive, or addressed to aiiDiiier, the h is then omitted.
Oil. Vulfjarly and by low Londoners iln. The liienien of Cmistanlinople are sometimes
accused (d'discharL'ini; oil from tlieir engines insiead of water.
Oivt. Is rejected l)y good speakers, but received i'ut anoint hy bad ones.
Old. Retpiires the same remark that has been applied to mould.
Olympic frainrs:i'o\v.inn Grecian pames, so named hecau.se dedicated to Olympian Jupiter,
Omrg-a- The last, as Alpha is the tirsi, letter in the (Jreek alpiiabet : lience the proptlu-
ty of tlieir adoption ie the Sacred Wrilinps.
Omniscieticf. Dean Swift objects lo it str<ni(.'Iy, as he does to eccentric.
Once. The Jews wrote the I'enlatench throiijrii niter, and llieir kinys /w/c^in theirlivcs.
Tiint of the Saitiaritait, or I'hienician character, was inlrodui-ed by abp. Uslier.
Omninni. If sold before the insiahnenis are paid up, then called unrip.
On. Should be replaced by o/in Mark 14 & ■')l. On is unpramaiical, 'Of (on) a sudden.'
One. lis proper pronunciation, with once and itonr, is the beet test of a residence in Lon-
don. When appcitded, is curimoidy imrbarised un, in, and n, os a little-one (un, etc.)
Note ; — A nold for an old thing if very prevalent. Its ortJiospy may be a lubject of
■ome nicety ; but correct speakers will not fail to observe it.
>h-s!iul
e
p.yud
ir
nous
ish-shonse
cum
■lo
e
in
ise in "singing
n one and tho
, they aro pro-
mblf!."
cr |)()iin>l.
IS of 1831, fvas
Ml. L. C. Jus-
•uiiiiity.
siv(: (I j" promo-
I3,G53. Tliose
or of body or
are sometimes
inpinn Jupiter,
:u tile propi'ie-
in their lives,
slier.
on) a sudden.'
idence in Lon-
ne (un, etc.)
I a subject of
MAMJAL or OilTUOKl'V.
65
Onyx,'^ a valuable trcm. Vulgarly unex. 6n-iks
Opaque,'* dark, obscure, cloudy. (/«//) o-pako
Opera," a muisicul enterUiinruout. (Ji(rp-2»ir-uJi) 6p.vr.uli
Opine, "^ to think. Changed to opeen. OUsolele. o.pino
Opium,- distilled juice of poppies. (o;)C-?/m>vi) o-poo-uni
t/podeldoc,3 a medical compound, (opedildok) op-o-doUdok
Oppidan,2 a student of King's Coll. VVestniins. op-e-dan
Opposilo,'-* facing. Vulg. op-po-zit, op.po-zUc. op.po-zit
Optician,'"* one skilled in optics. (optishun-cr) op-tiuh.tilma
Oral,^ delivered by the mouth. (or.wZ)o.riil
(Jratories,^ recesses, as chapels, in St.Paul's ca. or-a-tur-ies
thedral. Spelt in Henry 8th's time, Sl.Poule's,
Oratorio," a sacred drama. Barb, or-u-ior-re. or-ra-to-rco
Orchestra,'-^ a musical gallery. Also orchestre. or-kcs-tra
Ordeal,'-* u trial by lire or water. (or-jc-d/) or-de-ul
Ordnance,'- great guns. Vulgarly or-ilin-nunse. ord.nun&o
()idurc,2 dung, filth. Corruptly or-der. or-jure
Orison,'-* a prayer. Ex. oraisoii. Com. o-ri.zun* or-ro-zun
Ornithology,'- the science or account of birds, or.no.thol.o ju
Orthography ,2 tho art of spelling words. or.th6g.ra.fo
Orthoe|)y,2 a pronunciation of words, (or-thup-e) or.tho-e-po
Orts,- fragments. Some write oughts, (auls) orts
Ost,^ a vessel to dry malt or hops in. Or oust, oste
Opera. Imported from Venice, but, as tlionght, to ilio discredit of tiie importers.
Opium. A Turl( will oat, with ini|iiiiiity, what would kill tuienty Europeanu. lie
mourns for the dead in hlurnr violet; lOuyptiuiis, 7/rU.xc, and I'^tiiiopiaus in brown.
Oporto. ItH wino is called i'ort, uf wliicli la sold in liOndon alone, more than Its vintngo
produces. I p<)ss(>8s a wiiiH-iiierchant's receipt fur making Port wiue, by tliosalcof wliicli
lie is now retired upon a handsome fortune.
0}tpositi\ Improperly made a preposition in — "It's opposite <to) Whitehall."
Optic. Formerly optick ; but k folliiwiiip e, at the end of words, is now rcjectcil.
Orange. There are two sorts, China, (.tchi-va), and the SevilU (aev-it). The Orange
pippin, I'roni Normandy, watt first planted in Wraxhall cottage garden, Isle of Wight.
Oratory. The Athenian Ort-cks modulated their language to this art, caring little about
grammar, which, nnepiestjonably, was first studied by the Romans.
OrotoryhoHpital, Home, so larpc as to entertain (lOtH)) in the Jubilee, 470,000 persons!
Oratories. Ordered by the then duke of York ; intended secretly for the popish service.
Orchestra. Tliis is tiiu |it<;ierable orlhof^raphy. Vulgarly called ork-u$tur.
Ordeal. Known lo the Greeks, used by the Saxons, and abolished by Henry III. 12f5l.
Ordinary. When an eating-house is barl)arised ornarc. Also the chaplain of Newgate
whose salary is 4tM);. per annum, with a residence, next the prbon, in Newgate-street.
OrrM-y. A fine solar instnnnent. Invented by Charles, En:i of Orrery.
Orffah. I'Mist, seen in Europe was sent to tJharlemagite by the Caliph Alraschld. Some
of the ]iipes of that at Ilaerlem are large enonizh for a man to pass through.
Orion (o-re uti) a constellation : geuei'ally ore-yun : consisting, aa some say, of thirty-
seven, otluirs sixty-two, and the BritiHh catalogtte eighty stars.
Ornitholo/rv. Buffon knew but of 8tMI ; we now know of 0000 varieties of birds.
Ortlwtpv. is liable to ninny errors, not being generally in our dictionaries.
Orthography. A term also in Geometry ; and in Architecture means the elevation of a
building. The first projector of u rcpuUir me, wns Sir T. Smith, secretary ei' state to
Uucen Elizalieth. Altering that of nouns proper, is so common witli Oriental writers,
tliatDo two can agree in their orUioKrn;;!iy of the same name or place. K
k\
■ ■; ' '
m
f
'U
66
MANUAL OF ORTIIOEPV.
Ostrich,^ a large bird. Commonly ostridge. os.tritsh
Otherguise,''' of another kind. Or olherguess. uth.ur-giso
Otherwise,''' in another manner. (olherways) mh-ur-wiao
Ought,2 any thing. . Properly written aught, aut
Ouphe,2 a fairy, a goblin. Corruptly o-/e. ofe
Ouphen,3 like an eif. Corruptly called o-fun. ofo.un
Our,* pertaining to us. Its Londonism is howur. our
Ouse,2 name of three great rivers in England, ouzo
Outknave,^to surpass or exceed in knavery. out-navo
Outlawry ,2 unprotected by law. {ovUldw-re) out.law.ro
Outpour,* to send out in a stream, {out-'pow-ur) out-poro
Outrageous,^ violent, furious, mad. out-ra-jus
Outward,^ lying on the outsit'e. (ouUurd) out-wurd
Outwardly,''^ in an outwaiu manner, (outurdle) dut-wurd.lo
Outwrought,3 outdone, exceeded in power. out.rawt
Oven,2 an arched place for baking things in. qt un
Overhale,* to examine again, cover, loosen. ovur-hawl
Overplus,^ a surplus. Barbarously overplns'h. d.yurplua
Overweight,* to outweigh. Formerly on o. o.vur.wa
Owe,* to be in debt. Low Londoners ho. o
Owl,3 a bird that flies by night. (hold) oul
Ostrich. Shftkspeare writes it estridge. Some few also spell it estrick.
Otherguise, Willi Its substitute, are so quaint, as to be generally diHiised.
' Ought. Has a cockneyisin of /tau^ I am the more particular upon cocknoyiams, be-
cause Londonei's imagine themselves out of the reach of instruction, and are therefore
more liable to fall into a careless enunciation of words ; and that provincials, as will
sometimes happen, may not exchange their own improprieties for those of the metropolis ;
the common dialect of which, though not quite so impure as that of Ireland, Scotland, or
the provinces, is, neverthclcsH, to a chaste ear, much more intolerable.
Ounce. 54,526 silkworms, when hatched, weigh one ounce.: but :t4 of the number, in
less than 4 weeks, make the same weight : they increase, in bulk, 900(1 fold ! Were intro-
duced into the Roman empire, from that of China, in the reign of Justinian. N. D. Rats
and mice, dogs and cats, are common food in the empire of China. The heart distributes
two ounces of blood aeveuty times a minute.
Our, The mob make its possessive case ourn, with hers, yturs, and theirs also.
Our. Readinc lessons in our Church, comes from the Jews reading the law in one year.
The first Cnglisli Bible was translated about 13G0, by J. Wicklifl'c, but never printed:
many public libraries have manuscript copies of it.
Our one hundred nnd three canals, have cost their proprietors tkirtij miUinns sterling.
Our artillery-mcn can propel a bomb three, and a (Jongrovn rocket two miles.
Ousc. That which waters Oxford has the classical cognomen of Isis: there is no such
river in our old Geographies, or modern tradition.
Outdamn. When n is preceded hy in, at the end of a word, it is not sounded.
Outffitard. Words thus formed have usually, in town, an ntfectefl articulation.
Outlay for support of the clergy in FlnRland, (circa 20,000) from each person, is )3s. 2</.
Spain 4.?. France 7J</. and every other European country ten pence. Cfhurchcs built over
tlie graves of martyrs, are called memoria. First martyr in England was Mban, in 303.
Outpour. The canaille, with their usual facility, corrupt it into outpower.
Outrageous, Its former accent upon nut is on the wane, and unpopular.
0«en. village of Dcrme, in Egypt, has 386 oven.i, working constantly for 6 months, in
which 94,040,000 chickens are hatched atinually ! The art is ronfin«id to this village.
OverJlAten. Should be overflowed in— "The Thames has overflown its banka."
Ovtrhale. Either its orthography or orthoepy should be changed.
MANUAL OF ORTHOErY.
67
sh
giso
wise
vc
v-ro
ro
jus
ird
ird-lo
wt
lawl
)Ius
va
noyiams, be-
ire therefore
)ciald, as will
! metrnpolis ;
Scotland, or
u number, In
Weieintro-
N. 0. Rats
rt distributes
also.
in one year,
'er printed:
US sterling.
es.
e is no such
id.
tion.
I, is I3s. 2d.
es built over
an, ill 303.
months, in
filiage.
Owler,9 a smuggler. Now obsolete, oul.ur
Oxeye,8 a plant. Vulgarly hoks-hi. oks.i
vOxygen, a quality generating acid, (eks-e-gen) oks-e.jen '
Oyes,' hear ye, attend. Properly o-yez. (oya) o-yoz
0'yster,2 a shell-fish. Corruptly oish-stiir. ol-stur
Ozoena," an ulcer in the nostrils of an ill smell, o-ze-na
P.
Pacific,^ peaceable. Corruptly pa-zif.ik. pa-elf-ik
Packetj^ for passengers. Formerly pacquet. pak.et
Packsaddle,2 a saddle for burthens, (pack-sadle) puk-sad-iil
Pad,2 a robber that infests the road on foot. pad
Padder,2 a highwayman. Mis-spelt pader. ptd.ur
Paddler,2 one who paddles. Spelt padler. pad.lur
Paddy fever,^ the Indian clwlera morbus. pad-de fe-vur
PaBan,2 a song of praise or triumph. (pain) pg.un
Pageant,^ show without stability. (pa-jent) padj-unt
Pailmail,^ violent. Com. written pell-mell, pel-mel
Palaceous,3 royal, noble. (pa-lash-shus) pa-la.shaa
Pa]anquin,2 Indian sedan. (/)aZ-un-A;iffene) pal-Ian-keen
Palette,^ small hand board used by painters. pal.let
Palfrey,^ small horse trained for ladies. paul.fr«
Palish,^ somewhat pale. Often sup. by paley, pi-lish
Owlirtff, The canaille sink tiie g in all words with this termination.
Own {one). Is subject to a singular transformation,— "Its mamma's nown child."
Oxford. Robert de Vere. its earl, was the first En^lisli marquis : wliich, originally, la a
French title; thatof marcffrave, in Germany, is equivalent to it. The Bodleian library
in Oxford university, holds tiic firpt rank amongst those of'inodorna.
Oxygen. Tliis and similar words are improperly pronounced with tlie g hard.
O yes. Retained in our legal courts, ever since tlic pleadings were in law French.
Oyster. Fits fur fattening them were first sunk at Rome, 90 years before Christ.
P, alters only in words beginning with ph. Is confounded by tlie Welsh and Germans
with b, which letter it irregularly represents in cupboard.
Pace. A common one is three, but a geometrical pace is five feet.
Pacing. A peculiar step [lifting one foot at a time] in an American & Canadian hone.
Pacific. VVrongly accented on pa : Pacific is of all seas the most unruffled.
Packet. The adjunct, boat, is now seldom, if ever, used.
Pad. Hence font-pad ; How dispersed, since tlie introduction of the horse patrol.
Paddy or rice-/e»er, from failure of the rice crop, which is their chief food.
Pman. Because it began with lo: the ancient lo pcean answers to our huzza.
Page. Of iionorto the King, on reacliing his 17tli year, is entitled to a gratuitous com-
mission in tlie Guards, wherein the price of an ensigncy is 1200{. Band of Oentlemen
pensioners, CDnsists of 40, to guard tlio King in his palace : formed by Henry VJI.
Pagodas of Pekin, have ilie chief names of Lord Macartney's embassy cut upon them.
Pail-fulls, Instead of ;)ai7s-full, may be said to be almost universal.
Painture. Boino ortlioepists pronounce it paut-tshure, and sound it long.
Pair. Unnecessarily, not to say erroneously, rendered turn pairs (pair) of shoes.
'Poir o{ scales.' This term occurs so early as 1213 ; till then balances.
Palace. So called from mount Palatine in Rome, whereon stood the royal mansion.
The palatine counties of England are those of Chester, Durham and Lancaster.
Palfrey. Affectedly pronounced us spelt, by lispers and letter-clippers.
Palish. This form is objectionable ; 1 would recommend its meaning, or paley.
\ '-■
08
MA?;UAL 01' OUTIIOErY.
PpUiament,2 a robe, parment. {paJ-i/n.ment)\m\.\e.a.mcnt
Pallmall,^ a game and street. Vvo\k paul-manl. pel-mcl
Palm,- a tree, part of tlie hand 3 inches. { full) p&am
Palmer,* a cheat, pilgrim, doer's crown. paam-nr
Palmetto,^ species of the palm-tree, (jioum-e-to) pahmo.t.io
Palsy ,2 a privation of feeling. paul-zo
Paly,' pale. Now out of use. pu-lo
Pamphlet,* a small book not stitched. pam-flet
Pamphleteer," a small writer. (pdm-flut-ur) pam-flc-tcer
Panacea,* universal medicine. {panndshsheaJi) pa-na-so-a
Panada,* bread and water boiled. Also panado. pa-nada
Pancrass,* a village near London, (panlc-ridje) pan.krns
Pancreas/^ an animal's swceibreud. (jyank-rus) pvLti-kreae
Pane,* a square in a frame, of glass. puin
Panegyric,* an eulogy, praise. {pa-nidj-iir-iJt) p&n-o.pr.ik
Panel,* the name of a jury-roll. ( pannel) pan-ul
Panic,^ a violent fright without just cause. pan-ik
Panoply,* entire armor or harness. ( pan-a-pul) pan-o.plo
Pantaloon,* a man's garment, buflbonr pan.ta-lune
Pantomime,* mimicry, dumb show. pan-to-mitne
Pantry,* a small room for provisions. pan-tre
Papa,* a name for father ; a Russian priest. pa.pah
Palladium. A new metal of a gray, or grey white color, first found by Dr. Wollnston.
Palm-3und<m. We borrow ita observance from the worshippers of Berapis [se-ra-pia.]
Pamphlet, Corruption ofpar un filet, fastened by a thread.
Pancrass. Its dormitory is a favorite with Cailiolics, on account, as supposed, of sonio
of their brethren, in Queen Elizabelh'a time, having Iwcn burnt there.
Pandor. A village In Hungary, whidi gives name to the Servian foot soldiers.
Panegyric. BibHcal printers liiust be contented with a small share of this, whilst their
errata upon proper names occur so repeatedly. The genealogy of Christ ; Stephen's de-
fence before the council ; Paul's sermon at Antioch, and many passages in his ministry,
abound with this sort of errors. There is an old edition iu one of the colleges at Oxford
Which has the parable of the vinegar, instead nf the vineyard; on which account, the
little wits of that University, call it the vinegar niblc.
Pane. Old English word lor a square of glass, or boards within wainscot mouldings.
Panel. Because the jurymen's names are written on a square slip of parciiuient, and
annexed to the writ. Applied, in iicotland, to a prisoner at the bar.
Panic. Anciently, when armies were about to engage, the soldiery gave a shout, in or-
der to intimidate their opponents. This was first adopted by run, when Lieuteuhnl-Gc
neral to Baccbus, in his Indian expedition : hence the origin of the tciui.
Pantechnicon. A sort nf bazaar in rinilico. Nine persons read this, and enquire of a
tenth its meaning. lie Rtares, shakes his head, and walks on. c^o unfashionable is it now
become, for a tradesman to tell you plainly what he is, or what he does !
Pantomime. Invented, in the reign of Augustus Cirsarj by Pyladesand Bathyllus.
Papa and mamma are made pa and ma. Also title of the Pope, assumed A. D. 154.
Paper of this book, as well its printing and binding, was made at York, Upper Canada.
Invented in China, 170 years before Christ. England has 5t»0 paper mills, France 250,
Italy 105, and Russia f>7. Our first fnctory was at Dartford, 1588. Writing paper was
introduced 100 years after, its tax {M. per lb.) produces 700,000i. a year. Ai Wliitehali
mill, Derbyshire, a sheet was made, in IS.'W, that would cover an acre and a half of
ground. There is no tax in Canada uiion paper, newspapers, or advert isemcnls.
• n.tncnt
cl
-nr
«t.to
',o
lot
Ic-fecr
-Bo-a
-da
ras
rese
•jir.ik
il
k
i.ple
a-lune
o.miine
re
h
r. WoJlnston.
s [so-ra-pis.]
)osod, of sonio
Jicrs.
s, whilst their
Stephen's do-
his ministry,
Jgt's at Oxford
1 account, the
mouldings,
iciiuiunt, and
n shout, in or-
ieut«uanl-Ge
rnquiro of a
ahle is it now
ithyllus.
A. D. 154.
prior Canada.
France 5!5(),
uj! pnpor was
At Wliitt^Jinll
md ft half of
ucnts.
MAXUAL OF OUTllOi;i'Y
GO
Papillary, liko a nipple.
Formerly on pa. pa-pil.cr-e
Papillous,3 like a nipple. And on pap. {]'fn> his)]vx.p\\.\\a
Pappoao,'' liavinc; soft down. {pap-is) ^>^ll^llo<■'^
Parabola," one ofthn 3 conic sections), (paraholn) par-ult-o-luli
Paraclete,- a comforter. Usually par-a-klet. pfir.uklpto
Para<5oge,2 a fignre that adds a letter to a vord. par-fi.jTfi.jH
Paragraph," part of a discourse. (farrti^Trir/"/) pjira graf
Parallectic,^ pertaining to [»arallcxes. par-uUIfk-tik
Paralytic,^ having the palsy. (paJ-c-ritik) par-cl-lct-ik
Paramour," a lover, wooer. Vulg. pdr-ra-mur. par-a-mnor
Paranymph,2 a brideman, supporter, hei[»er. par-a-rimf
Parapetj^wall broast.high.(/'f/r«/'/f c^* pcar-a-jyel) par-a-pet
Paraphrase,'-* a wordy interpretation. pcir-a-fraze
Para|)hra8t,"an explainer in many word.'". pfira-fraft
Parasol," srtiall umbrella. {parasi)l c^ yw7Y/.so/r)par.a.sol
Pardoner,^ one who forgives. (7'.'/?v/.77j/r)prir<liin.iir
Parenesis," persuasion. Formerly 2)a-ren.t'-s}s. pa-ron-e-.sis
Paris,2 ii^p capital of France. Properly pah-re. pa.ria
Parishioner,^ one who belongs to a parish. pa.rish-shun.ur
Parle,^ oral treaty, talk. (pflr-Ze)parl
Parliament,^ an assembly of the three estates ofpar.lcment
this realm — king, lords, and commons.
Parlous,' keen, waggish. Is now obsolete, par-lui
Parochial,' belonging to a parish. (paroshul) pa-rOke-yul
Vararktc. Applied, by divines, to the titird person in the Trinity.
Varagoge. Is little known, but the fipiure my deary Wn'my dear is common.
VaraUcctic. Unless cnret'iil, may easily fret entangled with paralytic.
Varehment. Anciently M. S. written on it were often so large as to need a porter.
Vardoncth : he, before this word in the ^^alisolHtion" c. s. should he loft oul, as incorrect,
Should also be expunjred from 1 Sam. 17 — 37. na being equally iinprcpcr.
Varrgoric. The orthographical errors nptin tliis word are multiiudinoui!.
Varian, or Athenian chronicles, were writ on niaiblo ; are now tamed Arundulian.
Paj-i*. Manuscript copies of the Hi hie, in 1215, were sold in this city for 400Z. The shops
in Paris are opened by .iii, in the mornings of spring and summer.
VariKhcs. IWH4 divisions of the land, by Uoiiorius of Canterbury, in fiSO. In 1776 there
were 14,5(i3. Parish registers date from the establishment of our thurcli, in 1539. That
of Marylebone is said to be riclu'r and more populous than Wales. First mention of
churches is in a Saxon (-'hroniclc of 1087. First built, traditionally of boughs, was at
Glastonbury, Homerseishire.
Vark. Tliere are upwards of 2000 in England, with 68 forests, and 13 chases.
Varliament of Upjier Catinda grants 1/. for every wolfs scalp from the woods.
Parliament. Was instituted, as it now elands, in 1215. Its epoch is ,lan. 23, 1205. The
two parties of town and country were formed in the hotise on .lune 16, 1641). The first
eldest son of a peer who sat therein was Francis Russell, son of the Earl of Bedford, in
1549. Their voles were first printed in 1C81. An estate of 300i. per nnn. qualifies for a
borough, and 600/. a knight of the shire, or county nicinbcr. Universal suffrage anciently
Srevailed, but, to avoid riot and tumult, was altered by Henry 6lh. If an M. P. become
ankrupt, he is privileged from arrest for a year, but no longer, until he pays his creditors
in full. Their door-keeper requires a gratuity of two guineas for handing circulars in
members. In 1274, the lour Lady Mbcesca of Shaftesbury, Berliing, Winchester, and
Wilton took their scats by summons in the blouse of Comouona.
H-
70
MANUAL OF ORTHOEPY.
Parole,* /ords given as u pledge 'pd-rul) pa.rolo
Paroquet,- a kind of small parrot. { - - - Iwet) par.o-ket
Paroxysm,* a fit, its regular reluriu . ^^/•0(''/:i)pa.roks.ia.em
Parse,5 to resolve grammatically, (pass ^pu ... parse
Parson,* a minister. Prop, person. (pahsun) piir.sun
Parterre,* a flower-garden. Commonly /)dr-<pr. par.turo
Partiality,* an unequal judgment. (parshi/Jte) par-shi-al-cte
Partisan,* a partyman. Formerly pdr-ie-zan. purt-ezan
Partition,* a division. Petishun 4* pnr-tish-un. par.tisli-shun
Pasquinade,* a keen satire. Corr. pdsk-in-aid. pas-kwin-ade
Passado,* a push, thrust. Sometimes passade. pas.sa.do
Pastile,* a roll of scented paste. (pas^iZ) pas-ieel
Pastoral,^ rural. Often clipped into past-rul. pas tur-ul
Pasty,* confectionary. Improperly pah-ste. paste.©
Patronal,^ supporting. Formerly pa-tro-nul. pat-ro-nal
Peach,* a fruit. Vulg. contraction for impeach, peesh
Pearmain,* an apple. Improperly permen. per-mune «
Pear,* a fruit. There are 162 varieties, {pee-ur) jtare
Pedal,* large pipe of an organ. Miscalled pedul. ped.ul
Peddle,^ to busy about trifles. Mis-spelt pedle. ped.ul
Pedlar,* a small dealer. Properly peddlar. ped-lur
Varoquet. A late writer calls it par-o-ku:ct, which is tliat of the vulgar.
Paroxysm. Genernlly, hut improperly, accented on the second syllable.
Varse. Its corruption, pass, through heedlessness, is also a resident in schools.
Parson- from the Latin persona. There are three ranks below a dignitary, viz. parson,
vicar, and curate. Inipro. parson; among Romans seven. Applied also to a presbyterian
teacher. Note: — Parsons are alwaya priests, whereas clergymen are only deaeont.
Parson-davy and Mothcr-viumford, names in Wilts, for Cheshire and Gloucester cheese.
Parterre. The Netlierlands, until 1500, supplied us with vegetables ; insomuch that,
even if our kings desired a salad, tliey had to send thither for one. Our list of plants and
trees originally growing in other countries exceeds 1:20,000!
Particular. Its erroneous accent on par is promoted by the pulpit and the bar.
Partisan. Its present accent is now considered the best usage.
Partition. The first of an estate was that between Abram and Lot, in Gen. c. 21.
Partner &■ pardoner. Generally, but barbarously mingled in pronunciation.
Pasquinade. From Pasquin, a cobbler and professed lampooner in ancient Rome.
Passions, Those of Le Brun, tho' much sought after, are considered high &. overcharged.
Past. This contraction, by poets, of passed, has excited much disputation.
Paste. Peter Camper wrote eighty pages on shoes, but omitted paste, an essential.
Pastile. Made of sweet dust, wax, gum, storax, Indian balsam, flour and turpentine.
Paten. A plate for the sacramental bread: formerly much, now generally disused.
Patent (pat-unt). Aggregate, entered in the Amesrican Patent Office, since its establish-
ment in 1790, is dQV ; of which number 5951 remain unrecorded, that is, turn out, on in-
vestigation, to be destitute of originality. Impro. pa tunt.
Patriarchs. Before Moses, priests and princes : now, ecclesiastical dignitaries only.
Pau{ Pry. Orig. in an Essex town. Mother of Pearl (color'd) has 7,700 veins in an inch.
Pavier. A layer of stones. Written also ;;a»e^ ; liltcwisc and commonly ;iai;iOttr.
Pea. Its plural is epeltpeas, when in the pod; and pease, if dried or split.
PeacA-tree. There are CO varieties of peaches. Dedicated by the heathens to their god
Silence, because its/rui't is like a heart, and its leaf the tongue.
Pedant. Anciently a schoolmaster, now means an unpolished roan of literature.
Pcdlat. A corruption oX'petty-dealer. Bometimes spelt peddler.
Pedftte. This is the correct word, though often substituted by fiddle and fiddling.
Vi'LOABisMs :— parz-lc, pertikler, pad-role, for parsley, particular St patrol [pa-trole]
Pell-mell
Pells,* ai
Penduloi
Penguin,
Penny-a-
Pennyw(
Pentateu
Penuriou
Perempt(
Perform,
PeriwinU
Persever
Perspire,
Perturbe
Peerless
Phantom
Phial,* a
Philippic
Philter,*
Phleme,*
Pclla. Itsi c
Pen. From
' Penitintiai
Penmanahi
and two vere
Penny. Ou
Penny-a-lti
Penni/-posi
Tentile. A
Perfect. B
Perfume. '
Peerage. C
Peerless pi
Perilous. '
Periodical.
Pcriuiinkit
Perturbed.
Peruvian I
Petitions.
Petrarch «
Phcnomeni
sound of/.
Philailelpli
pie, arebett
universally *
have 110,00
is borrowed
Philippic-
Philosophi
Phlegm (J
orthoepy of
Physician
Ph<t*ician
Vulgaris
MANUAL Ol' OKTIIOKI'V.
71
Pell-mell,''^ confusedly. Improp. for pall-mall, pol.mel
Pells,2 an exchequer office for bill-receij)ts. pelz
Pendulous,^ hanging. Corruptly pcw^'mZm*. pen dow lus
Penguin,2 a very fiit bird. Commonly 2>c/i-gm. pen-gwin
Penny-a-line,'-^ reporter for the London papers. pon-noa.lino
Penny worlh,2 enough for money. (pen-ith) pen-no-wunh
Pentateuch,^ the law, or five books of Moses, pen.ta-tuke
Penurious,"' niggardly. Comm. pen.yure-yus, pe-new.re-us
Peremptory ,3 absolute. Formerly on em. por-emp-tor-o
Perform,^ to do. Mis-pro. Wkcform a seat, pur.form
Periwinkle,^ a shell-fish. Corr. penny winkle, per.ro-wink.ol
Persevere,^ to go on. Anciently writ /)cr*c«er. por.se-veor
Perspire,'^' to be heated. Vulgarly prespire. pur-spire
Perturbed,^ disquieted. Barbarously />ur/!-a-6id/. pur-turb-cd
Peerless Pool,^ baths in the city road. peer-'.es-pool
Phantom,^ a fancied vision. Often fantom. fan-turn
Phial,2 a small bottle. Often spelt vial, ff-ul
Philippic,^ an invective. Corruptly^ijp-iA;. fil.lip.ik
Philter," a love charm. Prop, w niiQH phillre. fn.tur
Phleme,^ an instrument to bleed with. fleme
Tells. Its clerk enters tellers bills in the pcllis ncecptorum, or roll of receipts.
Pen. From the Latin pcnna, signifying the quill or hard feather of any bird.
' VeniUntial psalms are seven, namely, Otli, 3id, 38lh, 5Ist, 102d, l.'lOth, and 143d.
Venmanship. Mr. Bedell, Ottery 8r. Mary Devon, has written the Lord's Prayer, Kelief,
and tivo verses of a Psalm in the compass of a peal
Penny. Our ancient silver penny (ex peeu7iia) was the first coin struck in England.
Penny-a-line. Hocause paid so much a line for the information communicated.
Penny-post. Was projected, in 1683, by D. Murry, upholder, Paternoster Kow.
Pentile. A tilo to cover the roof; pantile, a jjutter tile. Often confounded,
Perfect. By irregular accentuation, often confounded with the adjective.
Perfume. TheCivit Cat, resembling musk, averages the secretion of a drachm a day.
Peerage. Of the present (557) 40(1 have been created, or raised higher, since 1760.
Peerless pool, prop, perilous ; from the many formerly drowned here whilst balliing.
Perilous. The / is sometimes Improperly doubled. Anciently perlous.
Periodical. Our first was the Tatlir, published in April 1709.
Periwinkle. "Why call them penny- winkles, askll a pupil, when sold for 2d. a pinti"
Perturbed., This Ie a vcty harsh word, and liable to much bad orthoc^iy.
Peruvian bark, also Jesuits bark, being first used in Peru by Jesuit missionaries.
Petitions. Entire number presented to House of Commons from 1 826 to 1831, was 24 ,492.
Petrarch was the first who began to study the science of medals.
Phcnn7ncni>/i. PUua\ phenomena. When derived from the (ireek and Latin, pA take the
sound of/. .Mso in all other words, unless divided as in clapham.
Philadelphia prints 500,000 books yearly, having 213 presses. The Americans as a peo-
ple, are better educated than the bulk of any other. They have 47 colleges. I found they
universally confinc.l the word chaplain, to ilieir army, navy, and halls of legislation. They
have 110,000 seamen. Note:— The sailors custom of pricking their arms with stibium,
is borrowed from the Chaldeans and Greeks.
Philippic. From Demosthenes' celebrated orations against Phillip king of Macedon.
Philosopher. This word Is formed impurely ; ought to be philosophitcr.
Phlegm (Jlcm). Watery humor. Old authors, who regulated their orthograpliy by the
orthoepy of a word, wrote itflem, now di-suscd. It froquontly commingles with phleme.
Physicians. We read of none, nor distempers, till about 600 years after the flood.
PA«mie»a>i (a) dialect was spoken by the Carthagenians, thence called pnnie language.
Vulgarisms .—Praps, prespire, &. fa-tun, for perhap?, perspire, & phaeton (/o-e-tun.;
^■
i '.•' I
'■>A'
imt'
72
MAMAL Ol' (mniOlil'V
IMiysiCj^a mciliciiio. Foriuuiiy n\)v.\l i>/uffiirf,-. I'u ii^
V'iii/./.H, ii hirjrc u|)t;n .s|)acc, scjiianf, in.iikol,, ilvc. pi a/, za
Vw.kn^^v,' /!j;n)un(l rent lor Ixudhs, *.Vc. at riiii\s. pik.njo
Pict
iirt!S([no,
oxliihidni/
picture.
( /W/)pili.iur.ebk
ri<j|),5 to cry !is ii IbwI. C'tjininouly wriltcii^'/'y*. jjip
I*ic|>o\vcler Court,'- ii roiirl lii'ld in fairs. pi pou-dur
IMI,^ a ball of physic : ' to strip ; then peel. pii
I'ill-^'arlic,- a nickname. Prop. yn/A/ <;r//7«;. pil.gar.lik
Pino Applo,'^ a fruit. There are in varieties. jJno-ap-ul
Viilp;arly piJcwc. pcok
Vulj^. pc-kumiit. pu kant
Also Sjiolt iilarart. plu.kard
Corruptly plml. pludo
Injproji. phin-lif. plano-lif
l*ique,*^ to olfond, vex.
Pitpmnt,-' poignant, pricking.
Placard,- a munifestt).
Plaid," a variegated stuff.
Plaintiir,- versus defendant.
P'aiter," one who plaits. (plcle-ur or iilat-ur) plute-ur
IMaintivc,^ lamenting, rornieily writ, idainlijf. plu.no.tiv
Ph'.in,^ to make smooth : plane to smooth, level, piano
IMebe'an,2c(>m?yjo/ter, or plebs of ant. Rome. plo.be-un
Plum,2 a fruit. Also plumb, plum
Plumb,''' perpendicularly. Ignorantlyp/Mwjp. plum
Plum[),- a knot. Now corrupted into clump, plump
vlifasants. Hccauso f<)p<ling on tlic wire-worm, nre linncficial to farniorB.
VhiLtiir. An iild pnliii trcc! is l)uriit, nnd finni itu atiliHri R|)riiiuti a young pi^lui : licitcc, &
from its valuiiblu uses in i'uh'Htiiie, tlie origin ol'tlKirabicd plnunix.
vhthiric ijtiiik). In tilis word, wliicli aNloundn tlie puopic, ;>/{ aru silnnC.
vhystc. Oiiuinally confined to liic clorjiy. lis first Kiiylisli jjardc-ii waw in 15(17.
viaiza. I''roui the lialian ; licr.cc iho I'iazza of Covent Guidun is the niurttut place, uiid
iiiit. as erroneously fiuppoticd, the surro\iiidinK portict.td.
viano forte. [piunoCorl-eJ. Invented l>y J. C. Schroder.of Drefdcn, Saxony, A. D. 1717
vied Hull, Ulingtun. Tnliacco wan firnt nsed liere, being Sir W. Itayleigli'a house.
viijwwder court. For juHliceto buyers and Sf^liers, from I'icd mildreaux, a peddler.
vilate [poiitius]. Tills is often made three, when it should be two »yllableu, pon-shus'
vhir-applr.. From ret^'iiibling tlie cone of a pine-tree: some call it a vulgarism.
vLicnrd. Which we vulgarly apply to a bill stiirk against a wall or post, means in IIol
land, a proclamation ; and in France, a table wlic '. laws and orderi« arc hung up,
vlanc sailing is from a plane clinrl ; and Mercator, or globular ex. Mercator's chart.
vlant. A sa^lin; vulgo. broad. Likewise a term for the working materiaidof a factory.
Ill the reign ot George III. r)730 exrrtic plants were introduced to England.
vluio. Dramatists pronounced it broad, until Garrick restored it to Pia-to.
vlatoon. A square body of musketeers. Corrupted from the French of peloton.
vlayers. Of regular habits, livelong: in its accoinplislinient, comrrZv/ has a decided ad
vantage over tragedy, which stiows the powerful iuiluencc of cheerfulness and good tern-
jtr, toward the attainment of a green old age.
vledffing. I'reviously to drinking liealths, began wlicn the Banes born sway in England
vleiades (pZc-a-dez) 7 start). Corruptly pladcs, and written plladea, also pleiads.
p/xnc/er i.>, in some pans of North America, vulgarly used for baggage; and Plank is
meant in the union, to cover the bet, or put down your money.
voland \\u] 25/. a year qualifies for title of liaron, 75/. for count, ond 120J. for prince.
vole. A party-colored one at a barber's, denotes that he practises surgery.
volyglnt-hible: Was first published liy cardinal Sineros, of Toledo, Spain.
NoTic : — Fill is a juvenile term for directing dumps in boys play of Pitch in the hole.
» KCKNKYisMs:— Pint, pizun, pintur, piktur, for point, poison, pointer, picture.
Vulgarisms :— Pik kwet, tale, pictures-kwe, pintshers, pilhir, pollis, posha, for piquet
fpik-et), potatue, picturetj^uc, plucers, pillow, police [po lesc], and pustciiaiiM; ; print en
I printing J
i
jn
u-dur
Ir-lik
ap-ul
nt
ilrd
i-lif
ur
i-tiv
I
3-un
piu . licitcc, V
1567.
kot place, uiul
, A. D. 1717
's liuusc.
n ]H)(l(ll(!r.
ti,potfshus-
ii'itiiii.
inuniis in Ilul
itiiii; up,
oi'a cliiiit.
sofa factory.
loton.
a deciilo'd tul
]in(l good teiit'
y in Eng?nnr(
and riank is
for prince.
in the hole.
;ture.
ha, for piquAt
iM;; print en
MAM'.VL Ol' OKTllOKl'V.
78
PdliHli,- u njloss. (Jf /'(>/</ /u/, Uion po.lisli. pr.Mibh
I'olhivcr,'^ gro.ss llattcry. Iiiij). writ, jxilamr. luAAiiU.yah
I'ollroii,- a coward. Soini-lrciich ^ i'lifjlisli. pol-troon
I'ontoii,- lloatin;r bridge. Semi word a.s poltron. pon-ioon
Pony,'"* u small horso. Usually wrMteu yonnj. po no
Portmatiteau,- a leathern bag. Qw'wt////^;*) port-man. to
Portuguoso,- a native of Portugal, {yur-te-ge) [yot-iovt-gH/.Q
Positive,'' ceitain. OHeu abbreviated j^o;;. pdz o-tiv
Potatoo,- ail esculent root. Potato is wrong, po-ia.io
Potcli,^ to boil sligiitly- IJctler written poach, pot.sh
Poult,'* a cbicketi : }i)ung turkey. V'ulg. pout.^oXi
J'rairy,- a plain, covered only with grass. pra.ur-ro
Precipitate,^ u mercurial medicine. (^>rc.s7^>j7) pro-uip.o-tit
Pnpositor,- a school monitor. {prcpostor) \)To.\ioi.\i-\xt
l\"esentiment,- an indescribable foro-ieeling. pre.ean te.inong
Picsidencies,'- IJengal, Madras, and IJombay. prcz-c-denscei
Preventive,^ hindering. Corr. prevent alive, pre-venttivo
I'rill,- a brit or turbot. Commonly called brill, pril
Primeval,-' such as at fust. Com. prim-e-vul. primo.val
Probate,- proof of a will. Or prohat, '{pro-bit) pro-bait
ruluiii/. Proporly nolngnn, inaili! of chopped hrof, hacon, popper, plnftor and salt,
J'liiiiard (yioMViiiil) mis pioniiiiiiccd /iiihi )/iir(l, as to imur is /iiiiarr, instead of pure.
J'nor liiil'S were, in i(i.>0, 0(m,:u;-J/. iiiid iii JKI'.' enirciiscd to 8,000,000/. !
l'(>rtt.i\ I''lavi)r of aU\ /)(«/•, and twn/n ntiii. Kcciniied an ni^plication to three separato
raskn, until une llarvvood succeeded in niiiMtis ilie above beverage, which, from its
nouii.-shiii^ pr(i|i(;rti('^, waa ctinssidercd Ijentliciul to portris ; and being drawn from one
butt, was called ctitirf ; lience thlH word npon n publicnn'ti tiiun hoard.
Portions (barren) of the earth invariably nboi;nd ino.st'in minerals.
Vortiigiirsr eall irhitc^hmrs by the name i){' jlt/iiim.i ; nenioe.s reuard tliem RB monsters.
rurtufrurse lan^inai-e nnii;t have been \nH>r lor Camoens to a'ld 'J,000 words to it.
Portugal, luw'wully linslta'iiia, now ilerivtd from I'lirtiis Cnlc.
Pol, in siriclnes.s, is a vessel made of tlay ; hence a piittir, and pottery.
Piitatoc. I'lanled in Ireland by (Sir ^V. I!alel;;li, ir)8t) ; and in Ilii-sia about 1790.
Pot/iir. I (|netilion if half Knu'land know it by any other name liian liotkcr.
Prairies. The soil ol' which i.-* fnu!: are peculiar to the western states of America.
Praise. The Welsh make ynharp when it should be liat, ua praice (//l■aJ^«)^,
Premiss, a propusiiion, lis pliiial, jinriiisi s, shoirld alrto be spelt with a double a.
Prisditimtnt, properly pnsni.-ntiou ; beina nfurr-fictiiig, not n fore- knowledge.
Presidencies^ K. 1. They produce a revenue of twenty three millions sterling.
Press. Our (irst was set u|) in Ihe Ahnoiiiy, Westmin.'^ter, 1171, liy Caxton, who, same
year, printed the first book, eiuitled "(/nmc ami P/aic at Cliessc." Tile Coluiiibian Press,
invented by Mr. ('i\ mer, I'liiladelphia, is prel'encil lo any other,
7'/-/(,-e ( prj'sr) of a tliiii}; bouiiht : ///■(:(uiis eonuptlon) is either tlie benefit derived
from a lottery ticket, the rewaid of merit, or booiy from a caitlure.
Priinarij, or original Colors, are \ iolei, indigo, blue, yreeiT, yellow, orange and rrd.
J'rimitinr. christians, on solemn lasts, put embers oir tire head, lieirce ember week.
Prinri/ialities. Of the '24 tJermati oia's, that of Liciistenstein is the smallest.
Print ttirst engraved) by Albert Uurer, is called the Cuirnoit, and datrid 1518.
Printer. Th(3 title elmpel, applied to ili(! regulathiiis of a printing-otlice, began with
f'axlon's tii>;t c.^errisiiij! the profession in one of the chapels of West minster Abbey.
Printing. It'ivented by Gutenberg, of Strasburg, IIIIO. Introduced to America 103'J.
On itH first discovery, the bookseller, printer, aird scholar, were one aiul I he same person.
Probate, The term ."upper value" in a probate, nteans tliat it exceeds 'M0,000l.
}%'
74
MANIUi. (»r (MITIIOKrV.
I^rufilr,'* tlifi Hi(l«) faco. f'orni|ilIy us npilt. jird-riul
i'l'o^riiiiiiiir,'' Itill 1)1' any DxliMaiioii or (Mitciiioiiy. iirotrrum
l*ro|»luM'v,'- a |»i(:(li«;li(»ii. J'ro|»|i(!sy,''' to inrdict. |.u>r.»i./,i
l*ro|iU|^iH!r," a •hiliiJiulor. Viil^. jirnjui^^-niir. jiro iK-wnar
l*rov«!i'l>H,'* inaxiiiiM. Middh luxtU oI'iIm; llililn. prnv.varlHi
l*rii\vl,''' ((> wander. lias a ilonlth; orthoepy. |)roiil or proln
pHalm,* liynni. I |H-^rH, is mid. oik; u(\\h\.{s(im)m]\m
I'scndo,-' talHC. I'Hiiavv,* a word «d' conlcniitl. mi-do: nhaw
rHyclu^,'* a lujallicn 'foddess. ('orrii|i(ly .v/Viy;. ni.ko "
lN(dcniy," corn, his ^(xij^rapliy 150 yijar.s A.('. lol.n-mo
INif^li !'" d(!no(in<; dislike. Often wriUen ]HHth. pooh
I'msno,"' inferior ; as iniisnr, or inferior jnd^o. pfw-no
I'unnce,* a sln^ ol'fo.ssil. Properly ynv-tnis. pum-rnii v
INippel-HJiow,- a play l»y inuif^es. Vnlfj;. /;o;</»<7. pii|».|H5t-«lio
Pnr, prop. por(d)lind,-n(Mir Hi;,f|ited: vnl. purhlnv\ pur. blind
Puritan,'^ a Hocfary in (^iieen Mlizalietli's day.s. pt<w.ro.tun
Purpose,''^ to intend. (.'onfonn<leil willi proiiim'. pur.pu*
PurHer,'^ of n ship. Ilis [>rolils £ I . a inan.(/'//.v-?/r) purs.aur
Pul,^ to Hleor, «Sic. (.'orrnptly called jtoot. put
Vriiffrniiimr. Im now CiihIiIomiiIiIi' ; olllrii iiiin(i|i)ili('(l, mill luiuHciNcd pro crom-mo.
I'm III is mini inilr lor iicccNHiit Ii'm, or liiMriilii|{ ii ir<'ii|i', is liliiilliiK on iin inliint or udult not
y('t nriiKi!. hi'iilrrH In IiIIIh orcxclmritir arc, ralli il cuininrrriiilly ruinhiKin.
I'riinninii'- f'onir nri' ronlriictfil, iim hrrrlnj lor Ity (IiIn ; hi nnf tor oC lliiN, (itc.
Vriiiiynriiition. Miiny |i<'ihoiik hiivc ii coninion one lor their own (lonjtNtii'. clrrlr, nnrl
nnotlittr iil'ii liolliliiy coniiilf.'xion I'or coinimny : in itn- tiirni'T, tlicy nru Hluvunly In tlintix-
ir<-in<! ; lint lliuir prcdHHlon In tli<! IiiIIit, nnionniH lo iiU'cctitiion.
Vroprrly. Annniil viihH? ol" rriil property in Knuliiiid Ih .X,. '151,078/. Tlnin of (Itinry
VIM. will* fKlini.itiMl la 'I.IMHMKIO/ only, — rroHZ/rr// (inil I'miihinj lire conloiindcd.
VrutrHlaiil iiirtiU-iiH uii). Aroso with Ihc (icrrniiri llrl'ornH'rfl oC l.WII, who prolvatod a-
gnlnst thr dncri-CH nnidi; hv niiliolir prInci'H, In ilir ilirt nrHplrcH.
Vrus.iia (kina of) tliontfli iiviirirlonH, IVcrly \invi^ 10(111/ |o ii tall rocrnit for IiIm KiinrdH.
Vriinnir, iiriil, Ih ho d 'Nirnctililt', that HprcaiihiK It only on tilt; naked nrni rauNeM dcnth.
Vtialiiiii (epitome ol'ihe Hncri'd volnine) many wert; eonipoHed lielore llnvid'H lime, nnd
MinK to JuliaVn lyn-. FirNt put into metre liy the Fiencii j oet JMurot, hard lo i<'ranri« I.
Vulilir. ilrht ol' MliKliind, exreedn that ol'all Mnrope put lo|,'elher !
Vulilir ciiirnilitvrr, t\»r\\\u the rcl;;!! of .'II of our earlier kiiiKH, \^in 70.5 inlllionn ; but in
(hut of Oor^e HI. It anionnted to llie inrredilileHum of'JII'fi inillioiiH.
Vuhe. Iti linpioperly plniailNed ; nami'ly,--"MoW(/H (ilum) your pnlHelientT" I'lilitation,
in Ihu time of lltpiiocinleM, wan, proliahiy, not niori- thaiHiO healM n inlnnte.
Vuvrluiition. IIh inlcH are niiK'li violated in " Te Deiim l;iiidiimiiH." JoHepli BrailKer,
who died at Fieyden ; . KHHt, MayH,— "The ii.se <d'coinmn!4 and MeiiiicolonH wni*, in my
time, iiivenle<l hy MaiiuliiiH, and eiith'<dy unknown lo the aiieientH."
Vuiit. 'I'll play at liaKKet oroiidire: aLioa Hat lioitoni lioal foi nhallow wnter.
Viipiirt Hltiitn. Anrienlly poppil hIiow. I'uiir/i Ih either a eorruplton of pnunch, the f&t
fool <d old comedy, or the Italian :'n||i'hinello, the iiiitue of their th(;niro.
rnrhlow. The four hiHt lelterH of thiH vult'arlsm, form (inother and l<iw explMlvn.
Vnril.aiit Wt're tlio J^i'iivtiliviin ; <'haiiKed Miti'J, to nnnrnvforminl, now to diaavntrr.
VutK wr in mind. PVoperly remindH me. Kin(.'N ii.-)l). and Iniiinh x.vxvii. are nliko.
Pyramid, firent nr.<! nunr MeniphlH, nnyh llerodiliiN, look IIM),hlH) men 'ill yearN cunipli-
lino. JiH perpeiidirnlar helKht Im 4KI fed, and roverM 1 1 neren ! tlieie nio J'J olhem.
Pj/thrt/ftiran. In thnu^htio have inventi^d Ihe inultlpliralion tablo.
Pyt/iian /famr.^. Held hienially at Delphi, in honor of Apollo, for slayinp thn Python.
rofKNKYisMH : — Projjidy, perdi(!iouH, and po«tPfi, for prodixy, prodiglou^i, nnd poil.
Vi iiOARisMi :— rrovlding, prii-en, sawtiir, fur providid, pru'ic, and j^'f'nlivr.
M\Ni;.\L or oiiTiioicrv.
75
inn
7.1
vvfiiir
iirltH
[ir prolo
nhaw
no
n
Ilia
it-fillO
iiid
n.tun
i»
ur
iim-»rt(»
iitorudulinot
(lie.
ti<: rlrric, nnrt
L'llly ill tll(M!X
imn of Ilimry
iiikIciI.
ii> prolvitod a-
ir IiIn RtinrilM.
iiiiHi'M (li-nth.
I'I'h liiiMi, mid
Ik Fraiicia I.
Illionn; but In
7" PiilBBtion,
«!|ilt BciiWiir.r,
iiM vvnH, ill my
tor.
niincli, the Tat
xplf'ilve.
i.iavntrr.
iiru nlikc.
yiiais conipla-
I utliurH.
Ihn Python,
niid poit.
<it.
Q.
(imiy,' a wliarf. Iiiipr ihtIv writton hrij. Kf
(iiH!l<|ii(Mli(iH(!,'^ atiillf, iiHMM' .Kitliiri;^. kok-Mlioio
(iiiiiuM),'* 11 Cniit. Of which fhnro ww. II kititls. KwiiMo
(|iiiiit/' II turiii III ciirdM. MiMproiiniiMriMl Itrnt. kjnt
(iiiitti,- H. AiiKM-icu, a ftiihvs, n. iihovo iho Hca. ko.io
Qiiit.ntiit,'^ uncitintly calltMl trjiitcirnt. kwit
(jnoii,:, to throw. l*io|». mit ; and i/uoif, roif. kwoit
Qiiotiuiit,^ Iho rcHiiIl oi'tiiviHioii. (/lO-v/tu/i/) kwo.Hluint
Jt.
RadiiiH,'^ a lino. Ct)rriii»lly riilUid rajcim. rii.<ln.ii«
Railhiry,'- Hatiiical mirth. {nilJur-rr) mil.or.o
Kuiich,'* to fotco optMi. ( !orriipt(Ml fVotn iiinnrh. rnniHli
Kiinsotii," r(!(lotnptioii. Iinprop. Hpolt r(in.'mmc.r\\\\-H\\m
RanimculiiH,'^ a (lower. Thciro aro 5!) Hpucins. ra.iiun-kow.lui
RiiHt),'* to (MUHo. l''orint!rly Hptjh. riizv. rii/.o
RaHpln'rry,'' ii iViiit. VV<5 havo 2'i norts. i^rnrs-hrr) nr/.-lmr ro
Rataliii,'^ a line cordial. (.'orriiptly nil,-n-J'c. rut.n-lV)-ii
Ration,'^ atnrniir.ition, l)road, drink, and Tortile, ni hIiuii
Ra/o,- root er^in^cr. Improperly rdsr. rii/.«
Uazor,'^ a tool to shavo with. I'ortnerly rasor. ni zur
(^. 'I'lilo'it tho (ilnrn of'^-, ami \h ((iIIdwimI t)y ». ft. K, It. aiiKiiiir iiiiitlicinntlciann, iiifnni
quod <>riii di'fiiiiiiHtniiiiliiiii, that U, whioli waN to In; diiiiiiimtralid.
(^uiiiiit. iJHcd hy HiiciiciT, Ibr <iuiiil, iilil pari «( fiiinn/i ; wlili li UHcapi'd Ur. .lohnwin.
i}iiiikrrM. Alwii il)'Mi)iiiiii:ili'd /•';•;(»(/.<, iMCiiiiHi,' tlicy n Irf'HH all pr.'-ioiiH liy tlif Htylo of
friend. An< tliiiiixlil in spcaU llit- mircHt Kii^'IIhIi. Ah a I't, appeared aliniit 1U50.
(^unrantiiir Space oT'lOdiiyH. Mrnt eHlahlJKlit'd liy the j eni'tiaiiM, In l|M7. -
{^iinrrti. Im uwed ill HoiinTHi't for a K(|iiare of wliiilow hIuhm • </urn: (juiirrr. ?
i^iiali'mion (lour). Ily this iminiier Ihe aiH'.lciit l'ylha;;orcniH Hworu ; hucuiiBO the «lo-
ineiiiHiiiid n.iiiii! of'dioil eoiiHlHi, in iiiohI laii|,Miai;eN,'ol'l'iiiir lei. rH.
(^iiran (had woiiiaii). AliHiirdly proiioiiiieed as ipieeii : I'ortiirrly Hpelt qnanr.
(Juitlditii. (a Helhil.iNiJc ternn Iroiii tlie liarliaroii.s l.aliii woid i/iiiilditaa wlilcJi can be
niifwi-red only liy llie eipially harltaroiiH I'.niJiHh one oC irliatUhf.
(^ni turn. An aetlon in vvlriili the plainliU'elalnm liali'the penallleN.
i^iiintitian, who lloiirlKhed A. I), ll.'i, waw the lirwl Hi'lioohiiuHier Hiippnrtfd hy Iho 8*^t<J.
(V"''i or whilr rent. Heeaii.'^e paid in Hilvtir coin, to iliNlincniHli it from rent corn. '
</u(). A late writer rullH it /.n in ipiote, r|iint(!r, ipiola, <piotidian, and ipiotiunt.
^iKi^ and (imit- llavliiK a lickle oillmiuaphy, eiiKeiiileran impure orthoepy.
Viii.oAiiiHMH ;~<i.iiurl iin,HkwenHh, &, red diNh,ror ipiarter, (piencli, & riidiHli, (0 HorfB.)
H \» never hllent. Delivering It with loo iinicli force Ih called to whur, Duiiiosthenoii
cnrvd itH defective iitleranc)! hy priinounciiii! it with pehhIeNin hlHinonili.
Itirhhit. Ho prolilic that one pair, in live yearn, will prodnei; n milliitn.
Hack. Or dnke of Kxeier'H daiiKliier, he<ause (Irnl introdneed hy him at the tower, in
14:i7. AImo Aiiiorlcun term oflhe turf, implying capahility, iii a linrse.
Hnrii'r.al. Aji n party word, in ho much ahiixed, aMalnioHtto liecoinea bye-one & renrnncli.
Haiti. " How hard ) fast | it raiiiw I" Ih HIM) timeH lii-avier than air. FallH in linplniid
2-2 Inchea I a7 cubic iiiilen | yearly. Between ilio iropicH lOH inchoH, hut arctic circle 10 only.
Haine. Nntivi!H from the north Hound it Hliarp (race) in.tlead of flat (rni/.e).
Haiain. A dried fruit. Its corruption, rcziin, Ih defended by a late writer, with a quo-
tation from [''alstair; but In his loo^e iiiomentH of revelry.
Hapc. A Rixth of Susae.i : now Hiipplled, in moat coiintlei, by the word hundred.
Kation. A new inilitnry word, not In our lujticonn ; coliieil in the early part of lant war.
Matttetuuke. Ou tuucbine him with a wtiito nsli branch, or loaves, he In instly . subdued.
to
MANI'AT. or orjTIlOKl'V
rcU-oin.pnnco
r(i-Kr>ii-«Ii(.o
ro.litivv./.nnt
n (I) o-nionf.
rcil) cMiK'nt-fil
rfdj-is-dir
rf'-friir-dtiii
Hear,*' raw, IjJilfrousiocl. <'orni|itly r<irr. rcor
lloceipt,^ nn {ir<|iiit1iinr{'. oruiii mis spolt. ro.Koct
K(;cii'(!,^ a riKMlical lull, |iiTsfii|>li'iii. (/r-.vr/) i,,h.ho po
Rccognisor/^ Ik? who fjivt.-H tli<; rocofriii/jiiicc. ro.Itnn n.zMi-
Jtocogni.sanco,^ a bond < f rornr(], toIuMi, badfjjr'. in.U-iii.c./.nnco
lleconipenco,''' a conipotisalinn. Ol'loti niis-sprlf.
Jlcconditc,'' socrot. VVrorifrly acccntrd on ;r.
Record/^ a r(^gi.sl(!r. 'j'ho vorn is re-r.>rtl.
JlcciiHant,'-^ one wlio r'-fiisL-s to coiiinii;riicul(;.
Rod Sea,- properly tlic .sen of Kdom.
Redoubt,^ u rortifitMl Milworli. {rvhrnl) ni.ilwi
Rcovc,- un ofliciM', as l)or(»ii<f|ir(M'V(;. Or rrvc. rovo
Regiment,'-* u body of .soldiers. Viil;:!,-. rrdj-nicnf.
l^cgiuicntal,-' military. Vulgarly r( ^j-inrnt-ul.
Register,^ a list ol" recorded aels.
Regncrdoii,- a rccomp«;iiee. Is now ob'(dr(n.
Regular,"' agreeably to rule, sIiN-idy. (n.',"/./r) rPp-yow-Inr
Jtemediabic, capubio of remedy, {luinvdo.hd) nsiiitdyn-nltnl
Remediless, :' irreparable. b'ormerly on ran. rr rncd-oics
Remove^-'* to go (rom |)laco to place. (rr)niin)r}.uuu)V(i
Rondezvous,'"' a [)lace of resort. Vidg. _/'////. rr.n-dnvoo
Rrad [rr.ilr) . Hlioiilil lii; tintinposcd in " llo ran ncillicr v<(vl iioi trrif.r ;" — il' iitinhlc to
read, it jh cliuir liu r.aiinot \v^ill^ ricinamii <'il rri/, when a iiailiiiplc.
Rebel. Tlie (irsl ivvuriiti'il in licland, was ( )'( 'oiiiKir, a Kcliimliiiaster of KildMii; county.
Uccrptacle (n;«r;>la kul/. Our iwirlicr wriu is accciilcd it on >-r.
liccognisance. 'riit';f is (li.-Mscd l»y llic har, ilioiij,!! huiiicd liy s(ii-'io few otiiers.
HecogniHor. VVIipn iiio vcihal nonri i)t' rrnigiii.-n', ;.';i'ii siiill nroirininr.
tiecompmce,. Ill law, lintr ; lir.nr.t! tin; phrase; to hmil. 'I'iii' vcih is sp'll rrrniiiprn-'r.^
Rccofil [coiirtH not of] ai'<; the l>ar<in, connty, Inindrcd, adiniialiy, and tin; i'i'i'.!.-'c;|aHti-
cal. Tl!») Ulril dial on rc^nnl, is Ihi!' of Aliaz, iniiillonid \<y Ixaiiili, r. .'!8, v. H.
lirctor. Iloud in Ji'HiiitH (;oIlci;(>s, fiir<;li.'n nnivoixliii'.s, and lai^^u endowed hcIiooIh.
Recunant. After iniicii dispiitallnn, is now Hctlled as above.
Red ^ca. Kdom meaning also ml, occasioned ilie (JiecUs Kt call its wen by tliat iiaiut; ;
hence its miMuoirkur. It Ih I.'MK) miles lunf;, wiihont a river.
Red Rook. An c.tcheinier record ol'laiuls liejd per baroidarn of Henry )J.
Rrgiims [nidnials I'orniidalile in coldj are wolves, hears, boars, conparH, fc rnlaTnonnls.
Rrgintcr [di»HonlerB] In Hed cross St. library, l'.);7i.et .Vii/ilti uti. are rejiist. counties.
Regular an trapot.i. [Anirrknn]. 'JVa hcinj; drank, in viil's. arid towns at eveiy ineai.
Relig'ona [prevailiriRj. Arc tlio I'ayriri, IMahonn'tan, ChrlHiian nial .lewish. 'I'liercarc
three great divisions of chrlsllanH— itn; Calholic, (Jreek, and I'rotestant cinirch.
Religioun orilrrs are fi»o — .Monks, (.^nnons, KniBhis, MendicanlH, & reHular Cleika.
Remediless. Tliis accordft with Or. .lohnson, thongli others ac(;ent if on rem.
Remove. Ifpon change of residence in the same street, it is thus noiilled, — " IteniovinK
over the way," [to Ike o/ipnsite side 4)f the stre(;l|. And " lleniovln^; [lo the] ne.\t door."
lioldHOUt quite a contrary nieaninf! to tin; one intended.
Rent. For l)ank of I'.ngland IO,l)l)()/. Salaries ''lil.dlM)/. rrofiirtl imO] JKtO.TW/. Kxpenne
of lirancli haid;s :M,'210it. ("ost of their csti !iii..,lMMeni I7,KV,I/. I'ay SiMrtKt/. a y.ar in lieu
of stamp duties. Lord Mayor, 1:^7.5, paid J,', a year rent, for his hoii.se in Milk street.
Resign. !las il? letter .1 pronounced aKree.ibly to tin; French form re :hir.
NoTK : — III wordsof the same sound, and which are spelt alike, with the OMeplJon of
r and s, the former is invariably the nou-i, and the latter the verb. __ Exei(.i<^eH therein are
Iiishly bencflctal to all Classen of students.
VvL«ARi«M8 :— Itale, ran , rid, riiit, aiul re/,un, for real, rear, red, rent, and raiuin.
M \M' VJ, or
owri!-)rrY
77
liosii'iV' lit rest. \ u';r.
Kcsloiiilioii,'-' .1 ro(;(iV(.'r\ .
Ilclcli,'' l«) voinif.
l{oli(•lll<^o a siiiiill l)ii<jj.
Rctiiiiic," a train.
Ii«j\CMiiK!H,- yenilv
nislii. C'oir. nsty. r:s tif
Wr<t(». rest (III r<t turn. rr-Hto.rd hIhui
S.iriic iiH. rriic/i. icisli
( 'oniijillv ridicii'r. Ti y.vi.kiiUi
\r.)\'V()\). on in, (rcl.nii) rv\ vn ww
iiironip. (/r-r<7/.?/rw.v) rrv.cii ycnvrt
Rovcric,'^ !»>()s(i tlioii;;lils. i)v rrrrrj/. (/''''-rr) roviirt!
IlluMiiii.'-lliiii iMiitlor. Viil,';iiily ru-iiin. rutua
Rliciiniiitic.,-' a |MiC(;ntil. Immrr. (I'lwm-n/i/,) mw-mat \k
Rliouiiialisni,- a vory iiciito pain. {I'tmnil izrn) rcw.nmii/..c\n "
Rlinl»!irl>," a niiMliciiial drug. Vlll(,^ ru-/>u!i. Ti'mAmrh
Ril>an(l,*a liilct of silk. Oom. spelt ri hhon. riU-haud
Rick,'- a slack of corn or liny. Trof). rc/ic. rik
Ri(liciil(!,''' to banter. Coniiplly rr(l.;:-rii!r.. ri<l.o-I{uIo
Jiijr;;le
to move in
vipc,' coniplotc.
))ain
Tlio
verb
I'rnpcrK- vriijsi/r. n^r.ol
ac.livo is oiw/r/r. ri|)o
Anci«uilly risfjKr. rink
AnciiMitly spelt rircr/ct. liv-ycw.Iol
Tlu! verb is spelt runimagc. rrim-midj
{rnn-ynn)vCnx.y\m
{rok-clur) rok-e-lo
barb. riz. rozo
roiiijoii.
Risk,' lia/ind.
Rivulol,- a brook.
Roniai^ii,- a tmniiU.
Ronioii,'- a I'at woman. Or
Roiinejanro,'^ a cloak lor men.
Rose," a llowcr ; •'> of lo rise : then
llriiniiliirliini. V.nvh picroni' ii wntci'-worm ciil In pieces, will rcprodiiof an nnimnl.
lit siuiiiili lit clKiiiiiM^ ill clioiiH, ejilied Aiiilncisiiiii, W{\» iMlKiiliired l»y Ht. AiiiIiiohc.
Ill sjioiiilivtid. A liiinil ;:ivrii Inr iiKmey lent upon (loodn in a vensi'l.
liisiiinifiiiii. Our lirwi reLul.'ir liMiilier, Mr. I'liiid, liei:i\ii fiufiim-bs iifrcr thiM pcrMid. The
(vMiililiNliiiieiit III 'I I'Miple l!iir in still kivpl up. HiiowV wns tliu Heioiid.
Itiriiiiiis. or till! Iliiiish ('leiay lire !V.i;t!»,.'")(i,")/. ii yeiir, wliereof tlin CiiratrH rrprlvn
3-2(l,(IOO/. ; lliom^ oC iIk; wliole ol llurope fall short ttl' niiin iiiillioiiH: ii l<'i'unuli tiictlnpdli-
tail liMN 1IHHI/ II |{iis.uian arrliliislmp 1)110/. and liishop .^dO/ per niiniiin.
Ill I'l rxiiiii. The lc;:iil evpenses lor cniivcyiii^; one ol' ii(Mi/, in vnliin, hy private snin, tire
81. whirh, if iKiimlil l)y puhllfMiitrlioii, are I'leipiciilly Hwelled In <iO/f.
Urrinn <'rh(iol<s nriuiiiated in ilie .Iniiinal dcs sciivan.-J, hy dc Sallo, in Ififl."!.
ItliiiiiKoih) (riipsivde). 'J'lii! (iriuiiuil liilti (d' nniiier'n |)ociiis. HonietinicH writ rnpsody,
lihijmi- [rliiiej. itiirrowed IVoiii tlio Siirneens, and lii-(iii;;ht to lOjiropf; in tlio year bOO.
Hilisloii iiipiiin. (an apple] l!ernuHe raised at Kihston Hall, Yorkshire, in KIHH.
liir.k. All niicieni 'reiiioiiic word, preserved in the old orlliopjraphy of hifhoprtVA.
Uiiliciilc : ridikrwl'w n niucli ahiiiindini; vitlMtioii in the nii>trop(ili8.
Uig. A term applied, in Ihe money market, Cor lorrinR up the jirire of Htncks.
Itiirlils [ilriiils] olthe adiniially. I'roreeds ol wreck.'', and the eapliirc of Clicilllcs ships,
ignorant ol hoHlililies, which, hist war, lunoiinicd /o ri/tht milliovn.
nine rronouii.'C'd hy hiisly speakers rice, and hy haiharons (Utes riz.
Hirer finih Is a commercial lerni lor a inoniir.s pay advanced to wiilors.
liniiKi. VVesay roast muilon ami roast laiiili, insiead Dt'ron^t.ul mutton, &.C. Our nrlyh-
hours of the North uro proverhliil lor roa.itril insiead of tniutnl ciieesr!.
liolhj iinllii. Name of an infanlino Kamo: corruption of, roll hull into the pool.
il(iiiiiiiiri) <(tH;/'»r ll)arharous lialiii). Couiiril of 'J'oiirs, f<i:i, ordered the priests to preach
in r'imiinri', that llioy niiulit l>e undeiHtood l>y the people ; which is still ohserved.
Hiiiiif. Ui'teii ruvic, lint as well iiiiKht W(> any, ruman and /nnnr, for romnii and home
lit! anitinit (Mipulalion was seven millioiiH, iIioukIi now hut NII,(KN).
liosr I under tlu'|. The ancients dedicated tliis llowor to llieir (jod Silenro.
VuLUAKiHMs :— Uovuult, rencc, rliis, and roinpio, for revolt, riime, rmm, and niiiiplc.
78
MANUAL or ORTIIOEl'V.
Rosin,'' juico of tlie piiio. Also resin, (ruz.hi) toi.m
Rostrum,^ an orator'd desk or pulpit in Ronio. ros.tnim
Rouble,^ a Russian coin worth J.v. Id. (rubbul) tCto-hnl
Rongy^^ rugged, uneven, severe. ruf
Rouncoval,- a species of pea. {7-U71s.c.vhI) rduns o-val
Route," road, a way. Usually pronounced root, rout
Routine,^ a regular course. {roul4ln) roo-tCne
Row,5 to impel by oars ; '-^ a tumult, then rou. ro
Rt,2 an abbreviation upou paid bankers' bills, ro-ccvo'd
Rubbish,^ any thing worthless. Loncl. rub-idj. rab-ish
Rubric,'^ directions in the Common Prayer. rdo.brik
Ruler,^ to rule lines. Often confound, with rule. rdo-Iur
Rum-un,2 o^'g* ^'"^ ^'* ^f'-^f ""w an odd person, rumun
Russia,^ black, white, great and little Russia, rasli.sho.a
S.
Sabaoth,^ armies. Confounded with sahhatli. sah-n-oih
Sacrament,'^ the Lord's supper. {sa-kra-mlnl) HHV-TQ-mnni
Sacrifice,^ to offer up. (Aa.A;n;A'zc) sak-kri fiso
Saddler,^ a saddle-makcr. Improperly sadler. sad-lur
Sailor,^ a mariner ; if the ship then sailer. salo.ur
Nostrum, or beak of a ship; becaiiso tiiiulo from the Imaks of thosn taken at Ac'ium.
Round Rnhin [niiint's in a circle]. Was lirst iiiwiiitod in AiIiomh, diirmg ihu coiispirucy
of AriHtofiitonand Harinniiius, ai;aniHt tlie tyranny c-f iln; t'isifltratidie.
Rou7id flat piRUtis of gold, without iinpressioiiH, were current coin of Uy^antium.
Route, labeginnin); to tic writtnu and pronounced as the verb rout.
Roto. Tard alphnb«l, or Christ cronti-row, liecanse anciently printed with a cross.
Royal Exchangi:. Named Royal by quei.'n l'jli/.ah<>tli, .Ian. !^!), I;')?!. Commercial sccu-
ritiea, called billa of e.vchan!;e, were lirHt nncd in klnKland, i:i8l.
Rt. Should be rd f I'or received], which error, in certainly ine.YcnHaliic.
Rubber. A common term in nports, K'vinK the winni;r two|;anieH out of thrc*. Indian
rubber is imported in bottles, formed by Npreailini.' the 'rum over a mould of clay.
7 "•'•*«*. Its ism is peculiarly conlinerl lo ttie elder of ill canaille.
1 .,i€on, now RuRone. A river of Italy which divides ii from ('is:ilpiueGaul.
Rubric. On account of beitiK diHtimiuished liy a red l<!tt(;r in old Litur({ies.
Ruff, First worn by one of our tiuei;n'.=, to conceal a wen in li(^r wrk.
Rule Britannia, was composed by Dr. A rue, from 'Phonip.'Joir.s "Masipie of Alfred."
Rum-un. Oritjfinated with J. Kelt, B<;hoolma.-<l(;r, Miiicliinli'impton ; who cxercisim; n
dull scholar on the word milk, asked, furoluciilalion, what his mother put into her lea, to
which he replied, with naivete, nun.
Rural dean. An ecclesiaHtical juri.sdiclion over ten churches in the country. The chief
rural deanery is that of Uocking in ^.sse: .
Rusxia. Hence the autocralV title — "Lliuprrorof all tlie Russias." .Its empire comprisnti
40 distinct nations, occupying 375,174 square miles of land.
S. Bharp at the beeinning, and soft at the end of a wurd. Raid, pr.^perly ppolt sayud.
Sabbatical year. Wascvery seventh, and ob.served I444 years beliire t/hri.st.
Sa^re [»a-bur]. French scholars are apt to Rive it the (iallic houikI o\' sah-bur.
Sacrament. l*ne a has sometimes the lon>; sound, as in saineno«s.
Sacr{ficed (fi'tOSO persons were) in 4 years, on dediratiiiR a tfjtnple ivi S. Amcrlrn.
Saddle-bags. In North America, formerly meant as(piire, now an itinerant preacher.
St. iSotJirtur'a church, Southwark, was, in l.'iK), seized by the crown and sold to the par-
ish, who letting part of it to a boker, he traded therein ; wlicn the strange innovation of
bread made in a church, so increased his custom, that he soon became rich.
St. Oitktrint. A Romuu virgin, martyred on a wheel ; henco Uie Catlicriue wheel.
Sal ma J!
Sahnoi
Sal vol
Sarah,'
Sardiuf
Satan,-
SatelHl
Scalloi
Sceptic
Schedi
Schisn
Scirrh
Scotch
Scisso
- Scrant
Scruil'
Seal,2
Sedan
Scgar,
MANUAL OF OUTIIOtPY.
Ta
II
nun
s o-val
one
ve'd
kh
rik
ir
in
sho.a
olh
)-monl
ri fiHo
ir
r
' at Ac'iiim
hu cdiispitacy
intium.
I a rrofis.
iiiiuicialaecu-
liro(». Indian
cliiy.
ml.
'f Alfred."
cxcrcisine n
ito tier lea, 1(1
'■ Theohiof
ire comprises
)olt Hayed.
cricn.
preacher.
Itl to the par-
novation of
wheel.
Salmajrundi,^ a inodley. Vulg. solomon-gundi.
Saluion,- a (isli. Sumo say 55, others 02 species.
tSul volatile,'- ail alkali. VuJfro .salvol-a-tile.
Sarah,^ in Hebrew signifies a princess, (mwc)
Sardins,- u precious slone. (vorriiptly sar-jus.
Satan,'-^ a had spirit. Miscalled sal-tan.
Satellite,^ a revolving planet. (sa-tel-le-fe)
Scallop,'-^ a fish. Usually spelt scollop.
Sceptic,- a doubter. Septic, misled by sceplre.
Schedule,- an inventory. (slccdzul (Sf shedul)
Schism,^ a separation. . IJarbarously siz-en.
Scirrhus," an undurated gland. Also schirrus.
Scotch-collops,- veal fried, ot scorclCd.
Scissors," pair of small shears. (sithurs)
Scranch,^ to grind the teeth. Vulg. skraunsh.
Scruff,^ a kind of dry humor. Same with scurf.
Seal,2 a sea animal : orig. stories of mermaids.
Sedan-chair,- first made in t!ie town of Sedan.
Segar," tobacco rolled into sticks. Com. cigar.
Seignior,- the Turkish emi)eror. (se-nur)
bul-nia giin-do
sam-mun
sul-vo-lat.e-Is
sa-ruh
Bar.do-us
sa-tin
sat-tel-lilo
skol-Iup
skop.tik
scd julo
sTz-cni
skir-rus
skotsh-kol-lupi
siz-zurs
skransh
skruf
seel
Kco-dan-tshars
sc-gar
seen-yur
Salarnanilf.r. A lizard siipposi'd to live in firo, which is a vulgar error.
Siilarii. Acc(ii(liii(! to I'liiiy, iVdiii sal (sail),— lioili lii.'liiK nccc-HMury. ViiIr. sal-re.
Halt. Tliai callril hay sail, is obiulncd 1'kiiii sea-water, liy the process of evaporation.
fiiilijr [.-aavj. tfiniie siaie I he propur weird (o lie salt', and that Halves ia its plural. .
SiniiriiiiK'.. lias two ojipci.-iiii' iiiraiiiiiu.^ : red hku lilood ; cheerful, warm, ardent.
fatr.ltitr. Hcholais iialiirally (tlidi; into the Latiii ol' sa^«/-le te.
Satitiij [hu slic-ie, pro. sa t/ e-ie|. lioiig evaded philojogers with a faulty orthoepy.
Satirr. AIho called .va tur, siit-ur, .sa t(?re, ami .v<//-lire. Properly aatire.
Saninfr-hniiks. Have upwards of tniiriiMMi itiilliotis In the I'liiidH. Originated at Bath.
SciM. Improperly scalled. ticall the -i implies inticli the same tiling. Vulgarly skalt.
Schism. A modern innovator has attempted to uivc liie ch a hard sound.
Se/iools have doiihled throu<!hout ilie kin^'doin - were anciently kept in belfriciand
church porches. I!y a law, unre|iealed, a inanter must tirst obtain leave of the curate,
then n license from his diocesan, before openiir>; one. This was to prove liiH efficiency,
an<l benefit tin; poorer clerfzy. America has SMiOd school <listri<ts.
School. Its :t is spelt scholastic, which shows the lickleiiesg of our orthography.
Sr.irucK. Of Astronomy, was lirst sysleniised by Ilipparchus of Alexandria, 1(12 years B.C.
Scillij. The whole library of one isle, .17:^11, comprised the bible and Dr. Faiislus!
Si-i.isor.s. May lie spell -Ih'O ways. Anci(!ni Jews supplied their place with a razor.
Scrofula. Our kinjis pretended tor 800 years, to cure by touching. The Guelphs dii-
continned it ; but tliei:.\iled Stuart family used it down to IrtOO.
Scijlax. was the lirst professed writei on thesubjijct ofgeograpliy
Sra. Its surface is 150 millions of scpiare miles; and greatest di^ith supposed equal to
the highest mountain, or 4 miles. Its water, when frozen, is free frtmi salt.
Scalirifr-waj:. Invented 1070, by F. Rousseau of Au.xeres. Sealing wine bottles origina-
ted with tin; Uoinaiis, to guard atjainsr the pilfering propensities of llieir slaves.
Srnnirn ffoieign). Are natnrnlised by serving 'i years in a British trader, or ship of war.
Scarchcm, in the paiishes of fiondon, to cxniniiie the dead before burial : fee Is.
Sedan chair, Introduced here by the duke of Buckingham, in the reigif of Jatnea I.
VuLOAUisMs ;— Samel, sasur, skol-nrd, sis, ..ays I, and sor, for Samuel, saucer, scholar,
said I, and saw: with Satada, sek-c-ier-e, sek, and .leed, for Saturday, secretary, sex, sect,
& saw : also sallet, sas sy, San idj, &Raf iir, for salad, saucy, sausage, & sai^phire (saf-fir«)
so
MAA'UAli OF OllTlIOKrV,
Ntlinstres
Shi|)M
hC'iil-ro
ShoiK
!;ep.ur.ct
Shouj
sGp.ul-kiir
Shrev
serill e-o
Shrie
so-rii-pis
Shrie
siir-vunt
Shutt
sor-ve-tiir
Siccit
set
Sieve
sOn-it
Sill,2
scv.un-okcs
Siloii,
61'v.el
SimoT
so ur
Sirn'jt.
sliiig-o
Sinai,
sliiiin.ujc
Sip/'
sharp, whitos
«!re,'^
shave-injj-tdk-ul
Siroc,
bhe-islieui
Sirrai
bilO
Sinip:
shib-tiu-lflh
Sizcr,
Sempstress,- u needle-woujiin. Prop, seamstress.
Sentry ,2 u vvu^'^h. Iinpr. writ. & culled sentcry.
Separate ^ to uivide. Mis-s|)elt siycrale.
Scj)ulclire,'~ a grave or foml) ; J to bury.
Seraglio,- the Sultan's harem. Iiupr. full.
Serapis,- a king ot the Argives. (Scr-a-pis)
Servant,- originally a prisoner reserved for sla-
very ; novv a menial, but ancienily a/r»are.
Set,*" placed. Often niischosen for sit.
Sevennight,- seven days & seven nights, (full)
ScvenoaUs,"-^ a town in Kent. ^ Lilg. scn-ix.
Seville,- a Spanish town. Corruptly civil.
Sewer,- a drain. Vulgarly called shore.
Shaggy,"^ rough. Improperly written shapy.
Shamois,* wild goat ; leather so called, (full)
Sharp whites,- flour mixed with alum
Shaving-tackle,- properly shaving-imj)lemcnts.
Shechem,^ the son of Humor. (sheJc-em)
Shew,^ to view. Commonly written show.
Shibboleth,- a set word to distinguish alieiis.
Si:laft : equivalent to our amen. Also denotes a pause for the choir. It occurs seventy ■
three times in tiie I'snlrns, anil hut once in iJubaiclvuk.
Semiiiarij. Ap|i!i('.al»le only to scliools tor tlio education of yonn<» Indies.
Separate. Few, if any, words are so open to false oitlioavapiis as iliis one.
Sejjlaagint. Gieelc Iranslaiion of the IJihIn, by order of JMoiciuy I'lilladelphuH.
Seraph [ser-at ]. aiblical writers pluializo it serajihs : should be sera|iiiini, wliicli they
call the siti^'ular, and seraphiins plural. Tc JJiiiiii lauu'ainus has scrapliin, which 1 take
to be a niisiirint. Tnis obser\ ation applies aldu toclierub (uiie-iubj : whicli, when a Ua.
byloniaii city, is tiieii pronounced kc ruli.
Sergeant, or scrjeaiit. lis orlhi)e|)y [i-arjant] is an exception to the general rule. Those
of the ancient earis ot' Chester liad power to beheail a n)alefactor wIkmi caiiglit in the fact.
Sermon, is limited at lionie, by the Luieraii ctKineil, to -Jt) minutes, 'i'liose of Dr. IJIair,
transcribed by hinisell 8 limes befort! published, have had liie largest sale of any known.
Setli (cliildren of J, wrote tlieir inveniinns, etc., on two columns, of brick and of stuiie.
Settlement. Place of abode : pro|)erly settlinjr when dregs in a bottle.
Scvenoaks. Bee . e seven oaks anciently grew where the town now stands.
Seventeen (at', n ler sex n.'ay be executors : at disi retio.i on 14, and of age at 21.
Sevurus, inispron ijiit. -d ,n- e run, should be se-ot-rus.
Sew [so]. Affected Bpt>i. It :^ ,ound it is if it rhymed with .Tew.
ShaU [com. s/iawt]. T Irish and ticolch are remarkable for misapplying shall and
will. .Shan't f'tr .>-ha'i not is vulpar ; as is Ciril for Seei/lr oranjie.
Sharp whites. Jer.Mr '.J;.'•.»r^^ '.\ ith every tteo sticks ott' lur, receive one of .■>■. w.
Shechcm. The oi'.y [ii-,i.i"je w. < lein ch i" nouns prop r, take the .sound oi's/i.
.Sheriff Elect! US those >'"I..oi.i a vas a ic .■iiitly invested in the Lord .Mayor.
Shew. Ungranim:> e.> ;. ii;;"rt i->— ' He shi.'W (sllow'd", me." Aow written sAoifl.
Shibboleth. As th • ;• o;.Utit.:ii.<. i ol brea^/ anil ehee..,,- distiuf'iiishijd the English from
the Fieminus in WiU ';■!. •'» re'^ellictn: ab.o il(;notcs an tar of corn.
Sliil iihal i : to cii!ttii '>' lies' n;'!)^ hj ;: corrupt reduplication Kt\' .ihall 1!
Ship money. The oldt^st ftai., i ii •, ,ey liad, on one side, the li.ad ol ttuiurii, and ou the
other, a ship; hence ili' p'r;'- :■, ' • 'jssinp up, ' lieads or ships.'
Note : — l(K)lb3. of wooi< tiirtviii'^., wiiu :i!lhs. of alkali, will make a ream of paper.
I have books printed on paper laade tiot only of wood, but of stiaw also.
istros
L-iu
ur-ct
ul-Iutr
ll e-o
I- pis
VUDt
I'etiir
it
jn-okc3
1
■0
l-IilC
)-Wllilt!S
e-ing-tak-ul
leiii
[jccurs seventy-
no.
'IpllUH.
Ill, wliich tlicy
, wliicli 1 taki!
'i, wlieii a Uii.
ll rule. Thosi;
gilt in tlio fact.
<! oC Dr. IJIuir,
)( any known.
i and ut' titoiie.
(iri.s.
ige at 21.
ring Bliall and
of «'. w.
•il'sA.
lyor.
'll s/lOU),
l:^iiglisli from
If
n.aiid ou ilio
am of paper,
MANUAL or ORTIIOEl'V.
81
Slupwrock,^ tho loss of a ship. Vulj^. ship-rale.
Shone,*' of (o shino. Improperly shon.
Shoiigu,2 a very shaggy dog. (shiif)
Shrew," u peevish wonmn. Field mouse, (shro)
Shriek,"'' to scream. Barbar. shreetsh «fe shark.
Shrieve," a sheriff. Thus anciently. Disused.
Shuttlecock,'^ a plaything. (shUllecocJc)
Siccity," want of rnoiature. (sik-cie)
Sieve,^ a l)olter. Improp. written seive. (seve)
Sill," a r "oshold. Corruptly sell.
Siloa,2 ticripture name. Critically sll-o-a.
Simony," trafficing in church property.
Simytjr;,-' having a flat nose.
{si7n-is)
Sinai," a mount. Gener. si-na-i, but Milton says
Sip/* r •^ nail draught. Corruptly sup.
•^'ire, • ; title fjrst used by the kings of France.
Stroc,'' a deadly Syrian wind. Prop, sirocco.
Sirrahj-J ;i name of insult. (serrah)
Sirup,2 juice boiled with sugar. Also sirop.
Sizer,'^ low college rank at Cambridge.
Skein,-^ a small knot of thread : or skain.
ship-rck
shono
shok
sliru
slireko
shroevo
shul.lel-kok
sIk.sc4o
siv
sil
sil-u.ah
sliu-mun-e
si-mu3
sin -yah
sip
syre
sir-uk
sur-ra
sur-rup
si-zur
skane
Shilling, (i) piece, or crown, because originally impressed wiili the fisjurc of one.
Ship. " A man (slnp) of war foundered at sea, and lost most of its (tier) men." The
cliarfie for building and preparing a tirsi-rato for service is 1000/. per gnn. Sea signals
vyere invented by James 11, when dulie of York, 1(505. The number of British ships lost
at sea, from 1703 to IHiH), averaged 548 yearly.
Shire. Improperly sheer, except when incorporated, as Wiltshire [VTil-Sheerl.
Shoemaker, or Cordwaincr. Hecause his best materials come from Cordova, Spain.
Shop. In America and Canada, store, because its proprietor deals in many things.
Shroud (a). Is but a small variation from the dress of tlie White Friar monks.
Shrovf, or confession Tuesday. From tlic Saxon shrive, to confess: vulgarly shrof.
Shuttlecock. Ttecause derived from the motion of a shuttle.
Sign. Of Old Parr's head, upon a vicinaller's in Aldersgate street, is very inappropri-
ate ; for it does not often hap|)en that frequenturs of u bar, cither of a public-house or court
of justice, live to a great age.
Silver. At earl Stamford's country ^ej.t, Dunham Massy, the commonest utensils are
solid silver, an ancestor, leaving by will, 2009/. a year for buying silver plate.
Sitnoriy. From Simon, the sorcerer, wishing to purchase the gifts of the Apostles.
Sinai. In three syllables by Hebrews, but two by the Creeks, who have 30,000 gods I
Singing in churches, was established A. D. 07. Corrupt, siitgcn. Cutting off with a
shilling, came from the Romans annulling all wills that left no legacy to the heir.
Single (a) grain of gold can be drawn out into a wire 98 yards long.
SinTc (to) or cower down, the rural and uiilettered universally barbarise 'cow down."
Sinking fund. First adopted in Uollaiid ItiSa; and the ecclesiastical states in 1085.
Site. Hitiialion. Often written ariie. Tliompson, in his Spring, misapplies it. The
hlKhest near tiondon is Jack Straw's Cattle, llaiupstead Heath.
Sitting. Its cockneyism oi'settivg, is occasionally pinked up by provincials.
Situate. We con.xiantly read of a hoiiwe 'Kiituatc in"— "pleasantly and eligibly situate."
instead of "situated in" — "pleasantly and eligibly situated."
CorKNKYisMS :— Sitho lor sigh t.si), setting for sitting, and setewate for situate.
Vcr.oiRi8M.i : — " Don't shy" (throw)—" 'Ibis is llovveH's alatey'^ (slate-yard)— "What
a aiglit (number) of birds."— Sarmon, sot, and scxun, for sermon, sat, and sexton
1 u
t I
I 1
82
MwVNUAL OF OUTIIOKPV-.
[ , I
i»
Skeleton," human bones entire. Viilg. anafoimi.
Skirmish,' un cncoiiuter. {skr'wuije, .shiti'inidj)
Skittles,^ or, as Dr. Johnson says, tcilllc-pins.
Slabber,^ to slaver, tlrivcl. Vulgarly dohhiir.
Slake,' to quench. Improp. proiKtiuiccd sl<ik.
Slang," is bfcominf; the laniiuaij-o of Vuslrnla«ia.
Slattern,-^ a slut. Corrtiplly slat-urn.
Slaver,"^ to drivel. Vulgarly slohhar.
Slcigh,2 a snow-caniagc. Iniprop. spelt slay.
Sleigi!t,'-'iirUfice (.s7f?fc'). Slight,:" thin.
Slippers a morning or loose shoo; ''slippery.
Slippery,"' apt to slip. >^li^Pl>y is barbarous.
Slough,^ a deep miry place, bog.
Slough," the skin which a serpent casts ofl'.
Sludge," dirt mixed with WuLcr. Com. slusJi.
81uice,2 a vent for water, floodgate, chain.
?" (J ally,^ in a trilhng degree. Obsolete.
Smectymnus,^ writer against episcopacy.
Smell," scent, odor. Burbarou.sly smil.
Smithery," the workshop of a 'iiuith.
Snacks," a searcher in the great phiguo.
Snags," sunk trees ip, Amcncan nvers.
• Vdnjlivi. VVc own tlii.-i wovd to tlin C:ui|ili Alidnlinnlrk, wlio, for Ilia nvnrico nnd ex
licnic parsimony, was n;\iii<:i; l^adscal nr.':iarali,or fikimifr oia flint 1
'/ y and siith. 'I'lic Fiondun Hiiij^ers arc iinrlial !o llii'ir cldUf^.iiioii.
Slaves. Niitulidi- lif'Id iiis!;i'(!ry liy clirii^tidn powers in r),','i.")|ll!ll). 'I'lioir nniounl In iJic
Unitt'd Status of AniiMica, on lal<iiii; llic cuntiiia in Iri-ill, waw l,.'!:)!.!:!!;.
aic.cjt. Tends to lirolon;,' lilo, a« the (iiiI.-iatiiiMs ul" ilie licarl are lln'ii li's.^ rnpiil.
Slcifrht. Inipro. slitn. Above orthoepy projjorly distiii"iii^li(,'H Ir from tiiu r.iijectivn.
filim. Slend<!r; wliich Ur. .lolinson calls a cant word ; Imt the; Duclur had certain |)c-
cnllaritiet), of which this, his opinion of s!im, is no small eviclinc(\
Slipper. Tlie ndjeiUive is oljsoli.'tc, or used only by pocls, and in romance.
Sloiijr/i nnd slouffh. An American, nnd onr (\nrlier orthoi jiisis prounimii! them alike.
Smart. I fonnd imiversiil in America and Canada, for ficr^rr movement, or ex'iiiion.
S nicety mil H.I. Composed from the initials of tivi; miiiisteiH, J:'. M.wsIk.1, Il.Calaniey, T
Young, M. Ni'wcomen, and VV. Fpenstow, who, in Itill, wmte aliook a^^ainsi episcoiincy
Smiled, la followed by an adverbial adjective ; hence 'riionipson's error: —
" 'J'hn lovely yonnir liavinia once had iVifnds,
JJiitfortnnesmiled Ui-rviiful [di'eeitf 'ly j on her Iiirll',."
Smirch jmurlsh). To soil : vn!?. smviljr ; whi(('i pro, in another word, .imvli-fi, to smut
Hkr-I.r.liin
Sofa,'J
Hkiir-inihii
►Softn(
sklt.uiz
Sojoui
slfili-iir
riolnc^
slako
Soldii
sluii^
SohVu
slilUurn
Soldi!
Blilv-ur
Solec
Hi a
Solih
slilo
Soliii
fill|)-ur
SoliU
sllp-ur-c
Som!
kIou
Som<
filiif
Soni'
KllltljC
Som
sin SO
Son:
Einall-lc
Som
smnk-tim-nus
Sopl
Binol
Sore
etnlth-ur-o
Sou
Hiiax
Sou
Biiajj.-i
Sou
Sraith^ i. Sin'lt .^mitby, if of Haxon oriL'iii, Imt rejected by correct wriicrH.
Smit/iJiM (V'cst). In the plasjne of i;i-Jit, .)(l,0t)(l pcrsonn wire bnricil ni iIjIh supot.
Ui.
wards of l,r>lMI,IMI(l head of cattle, slieep, etc. are sold aiimiall> in Ms niaiUet.
Smiil,-r. Iiudies of Iiirll rank, in llnvsia, smoke si'-^.irs, as hsh-womeii do here.
Sniir.li.s, dividing his profits Willi lieljieis, oriainaleil the plnaMi "youe! iaia<;k;'i."
Siiaiia, were dainiies wilh I! < ■mans, wliolued tbetn iiiHties nnder mcks. i Xiiinlmiulodf.)
Srrcczc. 'I'lie practice )f siilnilie.'. people when (hey suee/.ed, licf-in in '.Ml.
Snow. Yields the blip, oi' ( 'aiaiiiii a lar};o revenue, who coliec is it froiii >MounC AOinn,
nnd sells it nl Naples, for cusims and ice.s Snapi is .1 euiiiiaciion oi'sii.ipiii'd.
Snnff. The plant was brought lu Ciiropo from Yu aian by a .Spaiiiaid. i'hi' lirsl sov<
rei^n jirinccsa wiio took snulK, wa.^ the celebrated Catharine de Medici.
i !
SlANUAl. (•»• tJUTHOLl'V.
8S
In ri
ox
8of;i,J a covcrod Ront.
Sotliior,'- a moiloriitdr.
kSojourn,^ II yhort. iiljoclc.
tjolncc.'/' to comriirf.
Corruptly sn.fc. F,^.\\ih
Properly fioftcncr. eoft.nur
CornipUy sitdj.urn. po-jurn
Hurburously so-Uh-'c. huUs
yokliox*,' one wlio li^'Iits lor p:iy. Vuljjf. w-Jwr. eoh -Juf
Soldierly,^ heconiinfT u soldier. {'•<o-jiir-le) suh.yxr.lc
•Soldiery,^ a body of soliiicrs. (■*<'o-jur-c) solo-iiw-o
Solecism,- unfitness of one word to another. eol-o-siz-om
Soldo [nyr talldn<T to one's self. (•s'o/.«-tec)so.lil.o.kwc
Soliiixire,'- ornament for the neck. (wZ-e-^er-c) sfil.c-laro
Solitude,- lonely spot: swectlv-pcnsivo word. Bol-clcwdo
Sombre,'* dull, gloomy. Vidrrnrly as spelt, som-bur
►Some,"* not many : both sinsjid.ir jind plural. sum
Somewhere,'' in bein.'j. \idp;arly .sinii-whcrcs. suin-whcra
Somerset,- a leap. Oorr-jption oi' sojncrsaiiJf. t^xim-w-scx
Sonata,- a luno for iiislruments only. (.vo-n(f-/e)ao.n.ilj.tah
Sonorns,'' loud sonndin;[^. [mjtroperly .9^)?i-o.7'i<s. so-nOrua
Sophism,- a fallacious argument, {snj csizzc in) f^oCi/.^m
Sord,- a piece (jf turf. ('orruptly sod. sord
Sough,-' it subterraneous drain, sewer. {sogz)im(
Sous,'"* a I'rench penny. Vulgarly as si)elt. soo
Southerly,-' to tlie south. NaUirally snth-tir-lc. Bmih.ur.le
Sovereign,^ a king. Corr. sovcria and suvrcn. suv-ur-in
Suiip : mis .spi'lt .«(/;)(■. '\\\\ wliirli ii piiys would filipiioit ilio I'dpo, liis army, rnrdlnale,
and wlioli! prii'sMiciiiii : We liiivi! Ti'-'l) iiiiiMiiriiciiiri'rs. Firsi wmhW. in riomloii 15^.
Hucii III. Aiiniiiil liii'omi; nl' our ii'lii^lciiis niiil rliiirii.ihlc s-oi'ii.'tics in (il<.),ii45^.
Siij't. VVhi'ii sirriiriipaiiiril uiili rmoiion, is iisiiiilly li ii;;tl!t'iit'il into sairft.
ami (laiiil). Ill |Hi:i, our proliis iVoiii it wr'rc 100 inillinns, and cDntmtMco 'i9 inililona
Siijiiiirn. liH v«;rl> li.'is ilic siiint; acfciiiniiiiuii, tl'.xii;!! dlliurwistj I'orniorly.
.S'('/(/i >•(''"' dui). MnjiiiniCH prommnic it sofliir ; lint winlimcu ouglit to accept thctf
protiiiiK'iMtlon fini'i si'liol.'irs, and imt sclinlni's iVuni worUinrn.
.Siiliir r. Till' vni'jiir iiMnsiiirm ilic il<;ii\ ;iiivi's us limy di> llio primitive. A regiment of
tiornc KoldiiTH, oi Mill), iillirii>i ant! nu:n, cuhih -.I.'iiOOO/. per annum.
Soldirrn. I' .' did duly al llicalii-i inynl, to l;('i p oriliT, iii (Jcnigo IT'f". reign.
Solii-i.^m, . lie applied In airliiir rtiiii- ; lui ;iir It'ininn ruin in Kew Hardens Is T)Ultl
with .\( t oil ^ni'iil liririi, Willi I diili'i's in /.'/» i'lniii lliatiirUic <dd Kiiinan.
Solirilor. d . in all I'oiirl:. at I Minliiiiiili, ' /T/'/Vi c lo llie ,</Viu<.' 'Dieir oilier profc*-
Hlonal term, h\^' ull<i of .iilnnnii.-, is ripii\ali'iM lo our liairisicr.
Soliltiilr. Ho iniieli eslerini d, am Iriiliy, :ii- lo he prni;onneed Willi peculiar cinpliasla.
Siimn-.iil A HoliirrNrlsliirc iiein ciillt. it '/.uniirzii, and father rfnlkir.
.V.;'if. It ni'xv, I ill iliealn-i] lnn^l lir lii'i'iiird ' , tho Kvaininer, wlii' h eosts '.2 (TuincRB.
SiDinit (.11 linen). Was inirmhe ' d lo Fiynrt; 'ly .'. di: Tliyard, lien s "i'l, n'<iiuiM;>.
.S'(>«/ (HUli?)' ^<' uiannn'. loiim ily Mild ('..i vV. .ii low only iht- ]»•< l«i liel.
,Sii/»A (I'nixciMiv iindiTi;iailii;ili'\ A Icxedlor m 'r.iillinl lliv sliiine ol roily.
\i>c(/. .A hiipiMisi'd roiriipiion oi mninl ; tiieaily (••mniinaiu'i'd l>\ a late wiiter.
Sort. Iniproiieily rhyne d with /""'t Knors — "'I'Ium- [t/iin] sotis [.•nirt] ot'joods."
.Sofirrrn'ii. 'rlioMi! (ii Aii^iMu, >*|iain and Krnner, .'ire •lersoiiiiiid in Draii Swift's hidi-
rrioiis liimory ol Kiiropi;, !!•< Sipiires .•irtu'/.', .«fr((r, niid hubi'mi. .tnlm Hull, for lOiiglaiid,
oiiy naied ilien.iii. The I'xpii^nioa, 'In uj siiveriiiyn,' was tiitjl used to lleuiy VIII. AUk)
a pi.Ti,' of inoliey, lii-<t eoinrd iiy .mi r.dward VI.
.Siiuinl (loml) i;.v,.,riH will ir .h^.i. d. We liavn ifl vowel, ntid 2*2 consonant suundf<.
VwLUAiiidKit^ - yile, sokiitury, itid Mi, fur mil, :-.>litary, niii! .'(Kit [HUte1.
84
MANUAL 01' OUTIIOEPV.
i\ ;
Sowl,^- to pull or twitch (ho ours. Ohsolclc.
Sparable' ' dhocmakcr'tj ir.iils. ViiI,<t. sjmrabecs.
Sparorib," libsorpork with litlh; llcsh. (siKi-rih)
Spatiate,"' to ran<fc, rainblo at lar«;o. {siuishcail)
Special,'' i)cculiar, particular. (spa-shal)
Specie,- money. Improperly specie}, (spcsh-c)
Species," a sort, class, order. (spcsh-czc)
Specious, 3 showy, plausililo. {.spcah-us)
Spermaceti,- oily substance. Corr. parmasily.
Sphere,'* to place in a sphere. (spccr)
Spirit,- soul. Formerly and vulgarly spcrit.
Spittal,2 a charitable foundation, Ex. hospifal.
Splenish,^ fretlul, peevish. Properly splecnish.
Spoil,'* to rob, corrupt. Vulgarly called spile.
Sponge,'-' grows under the sea. rocks ot'Samos.
Spectacle,'- a show. Allectedly spcc-tdh-kcl.
Spinage, spinach,'- a plant. {apcn-aidfte)
Spright,'- an apparili ^ \, Now written sprite.
Stamina, 2 solids of the body. Singular stamen.
SquaWjO a female aborigine of Canada.
Squirt, 5 to wait upon, attend, conduct.
HOUl
spur a. be |3
spdr-ril)
sj)ii-slio.ato
spGHii shul
spooHho
spo-bliuozo
spoc-sliua
spur. ma sC-to
B'fcro
splr-it
8)iit-ul
splcn-ifih
Bpoil
spundjo
spok.ta-kel
spin-edj
sprilo
8tuin>in-a
skwali
skwirc
&pniliarils. Coipi^li tin iiiiiiors. l^ccnusc their lahor is performed vvitli Hpadtv.
S/»a»j. Apiiiits lo n.'v clotli istctided on Uie rack, or lalicii from the spicks : honce tho
terms, span new ; spick aii'l .-jpiwi new : also nine inclu^s.
Spani.i/i lii/uoiirc. I?(( aus(. iiia(ie in Spain and Sicily. Tlie Spanisli Church haa 58
arelibishops, and 084 iiisliup> : wiiti a miiltiludiiioiis lio.st ofinfirior cler^iiy.
8pa7iish rcvenM<' is e.xfi'crl. I in anioiint, by the duly wo pay on our spirits.
Hpialcrr of the t'oninion's -alary is T(N)()i. pt;r annum, besides an allowance oCCMOl. for
official dinners and ser>i«' i plate, Willi a town residence in St. Steplien's court. Thai
of the Speakt r ol the II. i - of Asspniliiy, Upper Canada, is 250/. per amiuiii.
Spccifs fluunaii). An- iii nils till lieifinnin;.' lo speak, and children to the aitc of puberty.
Spei'ch. The first public (Jiie of an LuKlish Kinj;, was made by Henry I. 1J07.
Spit,:. K. I. <;.'s carjjo in tlieir slilp, the Con.srnt, IGOH, cost 2,'.MH/. and sold for :Mi,2S7l.
Spider. Its bill' is innoxious : each thread is the union of 4000 ! So also our fable, from
Palestine, ot the Vox and the Crapes ; a fox may destroy, but seldom eats gra|)es.
SpiU. 'B»ont .fpiU I wasii' or scalier] the snaar"' Spill ai>plies to liiiuids, iiot dry ^nods.
Spinatfr. An unniarri* d wnnian : ihus named, because anciently spinning u set of bed
furniture before inarriace. S/;«o?i.s/u/ Is improperly written spoonfuls.
SpiUa.l. A))plied in UMfrinnu in a hospital ; thence called a spittal sermoti.
Sports [biiokoi]. PiiiiiiNhi'd by Hj). Morion, Kill), to direct amuscinrnt.i oh the sabbath-
Sijaitio. ACut (.'ivIriR birth to a child, 1 have seen Itrr out with it on the next day.
Syuire. Pi"ionarifs coiiCimnd it with i squire. Our standard dictionary is the sole pro-
duction of l>r. JoliMsnn, whilst that ol' Paris was coniiilii'd by forty Royal Academicians:
itii) lo tliibi uirciunsiance tiif pnct alludes when eulo^isim; the Doctor, —
"He has beat forty Frenclnnen, and will beat forty more."
S^rt^[a manhal'sl triiiii heoii, or iintnn, was oiiginally tiven to a Frencli general.
Stand. Many pcirsoiis impropeily write and say, — "Slaii I an [pv,] end."
Stanmorc. A <lri ary district in Westmoreland,' between Urough and Kirkby Stephen ;
hence the poet— 'Near Stanniore's wintry waste.'
Statc-miiii.ttcrs attemlinL' ilie accouchiiM'iit of our queens, began from Jamcs II. because
ofa doubt being tlirown on ilu' birth of his son.
VuLOARr«Ms — Skwcdje, and slomp, for s<|uccze T^^Kwcze] am^ stamp.
MANUAL JV OKTIIOIU'Y.
So
Sinlsonor,'- (hsilor in hooKs.piipcr, ink.iiml pcn.i. Htfi-ahun-nr
Stiilunry,'- llic art ol'cnrviiif,' iin!i<j;(js. (.s7f/^//;«')Hini.ynw.ar-ro
Slaimcli,-' soiiikI : |)r()[). sfi/nrh, iVoin r.v^i/;r//f'r. HtunsU
Sliiyod," Hlciuly. Now uiiivfi'sally wrillon staid
Slet'lyunl,'- iron rod to wei^h ;^oods. {stil!/ar(l)sU'n\.ynnl
Slcllion,- an animal, newt, clt. (,s/i/-///?)KiGl.ynn
Stin^in<;/' wounding: as those in itnj, sliinr.cn.nihig.ing
Sti[)tic,-' the power to stanch blood. {fifcp. ti/c) iiii\uiik
Stiver,- a J)titch coin, vahic tive fiirtliinfrs. sii vnr
Stole,'^ of to steal ; - a roho. Commonly stnnJ. stolo
Stomacher,- a lady's ornament, {slnm-udj-ur) siiiin.itlj-ur
Stomachic,-' relating to the stomach, {slomdlik) ^io.mi\k\k
Stomachical-' same as stomachic. (.s7om«/6At//)sio.iniik.o-kul
Stone,'* to harden ; " a weight, then slun. slono
Straight,'* direct line. Isaiah xi. 53, slreighf. strato
Strait,^ a narrow pass or frith of the sea. strato
Strap,- a slip of leather. Improperly strop, strap
■•^trawbcrrvj^ a fruit. There arc G2 varieties, straw-bur-ro
Strength,- force, power. Improperly sfrenlh. strength
Strew,-'"' to scatter. Formerly called s/rw. strow
Strike,- scholastic for titling sum-books. strike
Starch. nin(lnr*B pnsto, if iiindo nf starch, (Instrnys tin; worm in hookR.
Stiitfs of Aini^rica vvcn; at (irsi l.'l, Imi. now »l : rcpifisi.'iiiaiivcs arc 'J12, who send and
recoiv'u all luttcrH frco, liiii arc> liiiuil III dollniN if I'raiiUiii}; for others,
Stationer, nocaiiso taking his station, of old, in a imblic thorou^hfarp. Eleven copies
of every book piibliMliod imisl Ik; ilepositt'd, malultoiisly, at Stationers' Hall.
Steam occupien 1800 tiiiics Hit! space ol waier. We have 'iO-OOO steam etigincs. Larg-
est in the world, is at Colonel ISradyll's colliery, Soiiili llriion, near Minham.
Stcrl. Can be made nearly three hundred times dearer than jiold. Six steel watch
Bprings wei^h one grain, and sell for i!/. 5,i.; \\ liilst a f;r;iiii of f,'old is worth but 2d.
Stfiphcn [stevun]. If a mother watit her son S;eph(;n or Robert, she will call "i^'"vij and
Bobby ;" but ihe lather "Htcvi: and Jlob." 'J'his vvhinisical accommodation of the gender
to the person who speaks, is a pare anylicism. St. Stephen is the tirst or proio-martyr.
Stilton cheese. Property Wiohcote, being first made at this villai^e in Leicester.
Stockjobber, [dealer in funds.] Dr. Johnson assigns it a morbidly illllieral interpretation.
Stocks. Present fundliolders, iJ74,H'i:5. Of the 54 millions lent to foreign powers, through
the Stock Exchange, .'iO have been loiincd to insolvent states, incapable of paying a penny.
Stole, [groom of thcj. Id est, robe, which is understood ; whilst stole is not only not so,
but, to the unlettered, insinuates an obvious and far dilferent meaning.
Stone bridge. First in England, traditionally, is that at How, over the river Lee : the
three linest in Europe, are th(tse of lilackfriars, Waterloo, and Westminster. Oldest gothic
one is at Crowlnnd, Lincolnshlie, bfiilt in 8fi0. The famous Hying oifc aroh bridge in Clii-
na, from mountain to mountain, is 400 cid)its long ami r>00 high.
Straw. Men of, because, of old, sham bail paraded Westminster Ilall with a straw in
the shoo: now known, in bail courts, by a bit of paper in the hand.
Strike. Fine, or rather drawn writing, has been gradually waning since the davs of
Langford, whoso elaborate specimen so long occupied a niche in the Royal E.vchajige:
it cost him a year's labor, being, like all others, tirst pencilled, then filled in with ink,
which nnist be news to the uninitiated. Note : — Statue is vulgarized Statute.
" Striking a bargain." Comes from the flrecks more solemn oath, at their altars, of
striking down the victim. Our form of oath is the least impressive of any nation whatever.
Note :— "Those born at sea belong to Stepney parish." Tliis is a vulgar error.
86
.n^vM AL (U <)j:Tii(H",rv.
Stri|>linfi,'J a hoy, bofMUii^c Riilijoct to fttrlprs. Ftrli) llnf;
Siroi'ho,"*' lir.it it (miiImt of ii iiooni. Corr. sfrofr. ptro-fo
yiudidus,'' l)(i.)l<isli, (lili/jciit, Mdoutivo. (■sy////(/f^s)Ftri(lo.yii9
tstunru;*!," Nlupilicd.
Often wriftoi\ tstict'd. niunnM
k-5Uj|)i;lld()Us;;,'' va.st. {utiiprndlous, nfc icpC nj us ) Hlnw-i^On diiK
Siiir;;o(>ti,- a n.sli. OCtoii uo'tIis r»l)0 Ihs. P'lir-jniin
Stye,- nil eyelid hninpr. iNuivation ind^nowji. mi
Stygian,"* abominable, infernal. (•v//^''-?///«)stulj.yaii
Style,' a manner of vvriling. Also fttih,. atilo
Subject,- in tlio snrr^rery, a dead body, (fnhjck) aah.^ckt
Subjected," reduced to subniission. (sfi/:jr/,fcfl) suhiaktcd
Sublunary,^ under tiio moon. (yuh-Ioo.na-7'c)tinh.\nn.ct-o
Subpcena,- a law writ. Corruptly s«-pr/Jrt. puh-pCna
Sid)!3crii)lion,- writ, on i!tocU exchange .fcrlj). sub-sUripfhun
Subtile,-Mhin, line, piercinjj;. (./)///) sfib-til
Subtle,"' sly, cunnin;.', artful. (suh-lJt')i^n[..u\
Subtly,'' slyly, cunningly, arlfully. (««/>•////) sut-lo
Subtract,^ to deduct. Often spelt suh.slntcl. sub.tr;Tct
Such,' similar. Often barbariscd sick, putsh
SulFragan,- a bisliop's deputy. Kfif-fra-gua
Sugar,'- the salt of augur-cano. (ww/^-wr) phoojr.frur
Suggest,^ lo hint. Improperly as spelt, siuljobt
Summoned,*) cited. Improperly summonsed. Bum-mnnA
Stuck in the inuil, arnso from Dr. Oraliain, of Hath, sntisiiis his pjilidiiis up lo tho ctllii
in mud. Notk : in poIysylliililcH Uio accent is on th(! tliird vowol I'ldin thi; last.
Btiid. Dftlio Ciiiinicss Orloll" ("oniini.sns VA-H) li(ir.Jc;s, Willi Ki!)U prooniH and lii'Ipors.
Stiidi/. Tiie Atiicnians siiujii'd by ilm oar, wliicli was .^o aitcnuiiicd, that tnic of tholi
AcrA.woiMfiii kiiewThcopli istns tf> lic'a siriinirt'r, from his ]ironun(:iali(in ofasiiiRlft word.
Stvff. Cant name of alum niixi-d with Fall, nstid |jy bakuiH for adiiltcraliiif! bread.
• Up the. .stump.' An Aiiiericiin plirn.'-c, i. e. has loist hiinsull', or rani rio what he promised.
Stupe, [lo Ibnient], Tlie mob apply this word to a sUipid fellow; as tliey also do the
siil{;ularly barbarous oiio i\{' hurnm snorum to a r.ort of linirfciavajio dolt.
^tyx. Also a IViijncd ri- it in Uadis, by wliicli the {•'"''^ swore; and ho wlio Bwore
falHbly Was banished from Klysimn lor oni; tliniii^and years.
Subject. Formerly, a rcsiirreeiiouiKt fiumd ii diiliciilt tofjel 0/. for one ; Iiccnn now ob-
tain l5/. [in Paris but .5.V.] Hence the tiMiiiitalion to this uiiliaHow'd trallic.
Suhjcrts, for Icpislalion, before the House, are hill.-! ; on jia.<Ming, Jlcls of Parliament.
Subsidy. VVith.Uenry Vllt. esiimated at l'2tl,(IOO/.— Su6«/7(; and xubtlc arc confounded.
Suburbs. Add lit pari.shcs lo London, making a whole of one hundred & forly-eiphf.
Sufrar. The duty which we pay upon it fully eipial.s tlif< wlude American revenue
Was cultivated in Cliina full iJOtld ynais belbre it was knov.n in Kurope.
Suicides. In Pari.s, for thirty years past, by hanfiiiif! and shooting, average thrco hun-
dred aycar! principally owinj; tr> the mulliplicity of their Kamin^ houses.
Suite, (a retinue). Those ignorant of its l'"rciicli extraction call it siitfi.
Sulphuric acid; is used by TiOiulon brewers, to give new beer IIk; flavor of old.
Sum spent in Ei)<i;1and lipon tea, coll'ee, and susar, amoiintj to twenty millions a year
Summon.i. In the County Court, even by tnisnomrr, does not bar piocesd unless pleaded ;
otherwise plaintiiriV/rn<//it.';, and so obtain'.! hoili di hi and costs.
Sunday was not strictly solemnized until about ihe year .'!21. First one religiously ob-
served in America, was at Plymouth, in that country, December Kl-iil.
Sundial First set up at Home, by P.ipiriujCursor., 301 years Ii. V. I'scd by king Ahaz,
400yi>iir9 bclbrc Aloiuudcr. VVoBtilliiay, Int metonyniiCHlly, tiiesuu.t<i!rf St Uieauu rism.
113
in
tod
i-cr-o
na
•ip.fhun
Let
-gun
gur
it
iiind
ip to tho chill
last.
(1 lu.'IporH.
one of ihnli
(XsiiiRln word,
r brciul.
.he promiscfl.
y aim) du tlio
9 who sworo
! can now ()J>-
Parliament.
! cnnCdiiiult'd.
forlyoipht.
can revenue.
gc flirco hun-
fold.
llionH n yont
ilesH pleaded ;
clifiously ob-
)y king Ahn/,,
lliOiJUU riaij.
WArvuAi. CI' oiiTKor.rY.
^
isijpurlltioiis,'* unncnof^sary : thin ct 7 on flu, su-ju'r-ilrjo us
Superior,-' lii^^licr : uirnclotlly shon.prr-ni"'. boo i>Cio.yur
Surffooii,- an oponilor. Former' xf^o;* . mir-jon
Siir<i;erV)~ a siir'.;(;()ii'N shon. i r svri^coury. .--lurji'.ro
Surluiit,- a larf>-u upper rout. I nially siir-loo.mt.u'^ox
Suture,'-^ scwiilg up wounds. (A7iM-/s7tar.)bO\v.ishuio
S\vab,2 a ship mop, liencc * sivah the decks.* awob
Swam,*' to swim. Formcrl)', now vul/ro, .swofii. swam
JSwankum,- lliu last druiighl in a cup ol'ulu. BwanU-uiu
Swell-mob," well-drcgsed pickpockets. Bwol-niob
Swineherd,^ hog-kjofier. In the u.>rth swiiuird. awinc-hurJ
Swingcmfr,^ great, hu;:;o, largo, unmensc. swuidj-ing
Swinging,*' an infantine amusement. swing-iiig
Switch,^ a small twig. Corruptly called swish. bw'iIhU
Swoon,'-^ a fainting lit. Vulgarly swpidkI. nwauo
Syncope,'- a fainting fit. Mispron. sin-/iopc.tihi-lio.\w
Synod,- an assembly. Usually proiKjun. si.nod. sin-nud
Synonymc,'-' a similar word : con. with srinonomy. Bin.o.nim
Systole,'- contraction of the heart. (si^-lolc) sis.io.lo
r.
Tabor,- a samll drum. Ta!/orrf ov tahorinctn-hnt
Tacit,^ implied, silent. Corruptly laf;.il. tfi.sit
TaJl'ely,- a thin silk. Also spelt if<j/c/rt. taf-fo-tu
&un<hn/ [wliil]. Hi^crinsn pritiiiiivo cliristinim liaplisinc tlioiLf .1 wore white i:aiiiR'iit.i
Btuulaij nc/iiiul.^. UobuiL Kaiku.s, i;.;(|. ol'tliL' city of Gioucustfi, was liiuir liiLinlci.
i^upmnr. Iiiiiilic.i coiiipaiLsDii, and, iiiiK'.'is cmliii'i u t-oiilrnco, lias Id nCtor ii.
f^iipcilatii-r. Orti.'ii miiiiised ; as — ".IdIiii aiid Tlioinas ai*; tail, bill .foliii lu tlic tullcdt"
(taller). Tliu samn eiidi- id inaili! \vli(;ii I bo siipmlalivt! i.s tbiiiiud liy muxt.
^itpiirr. A hearty (iiir may biMMlIrd the niany-hi'ailt'd moiisti r ol'ili.-jfaso.
Ptirfacfi nClhc biiman fianio is inibMiled with up\\ ards ol '^V'.d !,()()() pores.
Punrcri/. I'roperly cliini;!;oi-y. Supreuic's name .hhnrak, ocniis (),S.",,"i timi's in the fiibln.
i^uniiuiir. A Hisibiaiidi-r preiixi's Mar, the, 'oh ol'— as .Viodonald ; bill a tioulaiuler up-
ponds it, namely. l)onald>')H. iSiuii. lines were liist used in I'liKlaiid 1078.
^iisan. |a name|. Fnnii Siisi,ui/iii, a I'er.siaii provinr(>, becau-e abonnding wiili lilies.
Swan, lias been liiiown 10 live to ilie atotw. auc id' two liniidrrcl years I
Bwanl;iim. Tlie tippleis ol' Itrriintreo and lloekiiif,', J;:^sex, divide ti tankard ofalo into
three draii;4litH, wbieli they call by lln; names itl' iiii/,,iiii, s/iiuum, and giraulnon.
Swccjur. oi'aslrei't crossinfi in riiiiiiliin, oi'ii'ii picks up si.\ or .seven sjiillin^fj u day.
i*ieiufrciii!^. 'I'liis sprlljiij; propel Iv (li.-'tintruislies il rroiii tlie participle.
fiword lsord|. The .Arabians ciH ii by KKiO nanus; a lion, ."jbll; and a serpent, 200.
►'iuojv, as s|)ell, bill cor. .forc : its pailirijile s!"(,rii, is also corruiited sorii.
Hystcm [liimanj. t-o iiaiued I'rom Hii (,'liarles Jd;;ne, tlie h-ivedisli natiiiallat.
Tis an independent rin rafter, e<pi lially if end in;,' or beHiiinini,' a wonl.
Tallies (1-) of the laws; it was I he deceniviii's duty tocolbci liieiii rroiii Solon's Wfitg's.
Tailor. 11' llie trade, and spelt 'I'aylor w ben the iianieol',! man.
Taint. Vnls. tor aifmiil and il m v.ni. rsabn 117 is mid. eliaii. and least in tbcriiblc.
Tail.-i [liorse|. In 'I'uikey aro r-iyns olnoliilily : a bearer oltliree tails i» ilie liitjhest. In
Canada, I have .seen one ot■it.~llail^; pni inio water, beeoine, in a wcok, ;ilioni<r animal.
Tata-. Now supplies liic' plaoe or'"';,', in ilie pbiase ''I hr/r leavi; to iiiiorin ymi."
Talcs. I'er.-oiis to siijiply the place or.-pecnil luiors, not appcai'inijf when called
V'l'i.'nuis.Ms - Sn nr, snrpriz-ii, swump, tuws-nl, iiir .-linrc, iurpridn;;, r?uninp, taasci-
^>.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
A
1.0
I.I
IM
2.2
IM
1.8
1-25 1.4 1.6
■• 6"
►
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 873-4503
f/
^
88
MANUAL 01' OUTIIOErr.
Talk,5 to speak. Iinprojxirly as spelt, tnwk
Tallow,- hard fjit moiled. toUur el taJ-lur. ijiMo
Talmud,'* the Jewish law. Or thalmud. tal-muJ
Tainarind,^ un acid Iiuliari fruit. (/am-f/r-in) lam.a.rind
Tapis,- on the carpet. From House of Lords. ta.p6
Tariff,^ the various duties on merchandise. tar-iff
Tax,2 raised arbitrarily in 1100; on land, OOl.taks
Tea,2 a plant imported Irom China in 1591. Its
duty equals the Neapolitan revenue. to ' x
Tear ,2 eye-water. Tear,* to rend ; then tare, toor
Techy ,2 peevish. Corrupted like ^e/cAj/. totsh-o
Te Deum," a hymn. Ex. from its first lat. words, to ds.um
Teens,2 ti,o years between 12 and 20. {tens) tenea
Teint,2 ^ color, touch of the pencil. Or /in/, tint
Tenet,'"* opinion. Also written /encn/. (/e>ni/) ten-nit
Tent-wino,2 is produced round Malaga, Spain, tont.wino
Tcrm-trotter,2 keeper of University half-terms, turm trol.ur
Terp8ichore,2 muse of dancing, {tcrps-e-kore) torp-sik-o-rc
Tether,5 to tie with a rope. tedur ^ tiddur. teth-ur
Tetrarch,^ governor of a province. (/:c/.7'a-arA) tet-rark
Ta'cn. For tal ?n, is soirfltimns, but improporly, ndmittcd into dictionnrics.
Talmud. Tlicru lire two, the .leruHiilotii nnd Rnhy loninii : this ia most valued by CiiO Jowi.
Tapcstn/. Invuiitud lt255, by Sir F. Crane ; first made in England 1G20.
Tapis. Decauac the table of the House of Lords is covered with a CHr|ict.
Tartars and savages Icovo their sick and aged tn perish in solitary places.
Tassel. Its corruption faus-ul, with tas-tr.cs for tastes, are common cocknryisms.
Tawdry. [Gaudy]. Crasis of St. Audrey, a shrine and altar in the Isle of Ely; which,
Tor vulgar flni-ry su exceeded all others as to occasion its becoming proverbial.
Tax. Hence, the belief that William H. began tiie land-tux is erroneous. When Geo.
III. began to reign the taxes were six, but at his death sixty millions a year. On Cull's
house, Cheltciiliam, 17G7, were 9s. Id. now, 1833, ru. ds. 4d. On paper, advertisements Sc,
new8(>apers, 1 ,.'>Ofl,(lOO;. a year. In America are three, the Union, Local State, and Town
tax. CnmcB ftom the barbarous latin of tallia.
Taylnt- A west of England crasis, oi corruption of hay loft.
Tea. Fornierly try ; in some counties pronounced tay ; so also by Pope, in—
"Tell, tell your grief; attentive will I stay,
Tliough time is precious, and T want some tea."
TVar and tear. Their opposed orthoepy perplexes the unlettered.
Te J)eum. The words were composed by a Gaul, about 300. Corruptly tede-yum.
Telescopes arc not mentioned biaore 1590, but are attributed to Daptista Porta.
Temperance societies, have lessencid the use of ardent spirits, in Scotland and Ireland,
full one-third. There are ICtO in America, where 00 stills have ceased working.
Temples to Confucius in China are 1,500; consuming .'>9,400 animals in services.
Ten-penny [a]- American coin, is known by run engle, and their shillings by pillars.
Terra fHrma, in Boiiih America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean ; 1300 miles.
Tetrapla. A bible divided into four coluinns, with a difTeront Greek version in each;
namely, Aqiiito'n, Syinmaclius's, the tiepluugint, and 'J'licodosian.
Thales of Miletus, 000 years U. C. by observation, fust discovered the four seasons.
Notk;— The favorite ale-house motto in Oliver CiomweH's time, "God encompasseth
us," is now converted into " Tlic Goat and compasses :" and Bag of nails is a corruption
of "The HocchaiialH."
Vulgarisms :— Tit, tcjus, lindor, tarabul, tempore, tutsh-c, and thrip-pcnie, for teat,
ivdluuB, tender, terrible, temporary, tetchy, and three inincu.
IHaMTAL or OUTIIOEl'Y.
8a
'J'i»atnes,2 q^^j. finest river : 1117 was dn/ 3 days, lonis
Tlioiij;li,*' yot : written clisioriuUy tho'. tho
Tliravtj,'' twenty. four sheaves of corn, (thrci^r) ihmvo
Tliree fi}];ures,:» a green room phrase for iillUO. ihrco fig.urs
Thrinn,'' to grate, to phiy coarsely. tlinuii
Thule,- the farthest part of the world. thoo-le
Thy,' of thee. Dramatists call it tJie. thi
Thyme,'-^ a fragrant herb. Properly thime. timo
Tiar,'-' a diadem. Also written tiara, ti.ur
Tibial,-' relating to the shin bone. (Uh-ul) tib.yul
Ticking,^ a cloth for bed cases. Or iickcn. lik-kin
Tier,2 a row of guns in a ship. (^i-Mr)tcor
Tight,-* tense, close, difficult, tidy. tito
Tightish,-' somewhat tight. Common word, tuo-lsh
Timar,'^ a Turkish stipendiary soldier. tl.rnur
Timorous,^ fearful, liarb. Ibnrus and timnrsum, tim-iirus
'J'ips(afr,2 an oHicer of the courts, constable. tip.siaff
Tire,'^ a head-dress. A row, then tier {leer) tiro
Tiring-room,'^ stage to dress. Cor. attiring, tirc-ing.rumo
Tisick,^ a consumption. Properly phthisic, tiz-ic
Term filif!] Fndinn, or aIiori''inPs of Tndia, is iniproporly applW-d lo inosl mon of color
I'/iainrs, iiticiuiitly I'lirhnnj. JliscH 4 iriilcH Croiii Cirencester, (iloiiceHterriliirc.
'I'lianlcnirivhifT. At nical.", ;;rf!vaile<l niiione lieittlieiiH, then inofleriiius lo tlieir gojg.
'riinl. Wlii'M a iloiible one occutH, ttic acconil only \» pronounced fnll.
The. Anarlick;: AArc a prononn. T/tc and </««< were nncicnily tlie Hamo. nairHomid
of/t, in this and Hiniilar words, wo denote by piurcinK, elne printing in ruinan or italic.
I'hi; E>avn!;<; and half civilixed nations of the earth, are cither I'nKana or Mahf)nictang.
The liigli and low church we rah parties, hut thoHC in opposition th(!rcto, sects.
Thfatrr.. The niyiitly e.\penfi(!S of Driiry \a\\w and CovniiiiJarden, are 200i. each.
Tlirhrn. A (Grecian and ICtiyptiun city ; this llecatonipylos, I>ecau8e it had 10(1 gates.
Thrm. To employ It instead of these or those, is a sure proof of vulgarity.
Themselves. "liCt each wash themselves'''' (hiinsidf^, Philip c. 2.
This. In—" Tliis is it." the last word, ihroiiKh hastiness, is often cliangcd to hit.
Thread. When a verh, is fre(|uently harbariscui into — "ThreaMc this needle."
Three figures Wlien Master Hetty played, who had 100/. anight! whilst drcbsing foi
his pnrt.'he woidd ask technically; — "Are the three figures in the house 1"
'I'hroughly, known, or good, is wrong ; should he thoroughly known, and so on.
Thrum. There is a strange way of sounding this, as if written strum.
Thulc. Anci(!nfly supposi^d lo h; a small island, a little beyond the Orkneys.
Tiar, or Tiara. Originally a Persian cap, now adopted by the Pope, as his crown:
whose bulls are letters, strengthetied with load(!n seals, containing his decrees.
Tierec. The evening v(;sper hour, being eight in winter, and t«n in snninicr months,
Tiglitish. Vulgarly a|)plied to personal habits and <-'xterior appearance.
Timar. His animal pay (IO,!Wt!l aspersj obliges him to eipiip si.v horsemen in war.
Times newspaper, employs 100 men anil li! reporters: in (!■ liours, from 300,000 inovo-
able letters produces li>,(HM) copies : pric(! Id. A larger, in America, costs but 'J^'/.
Tin. King .lames II, roincd tin farthings and halfpennies, or halfpi.-nce, in IliHt'i.
Tiny, (small). Formerly coiilined within the boumlaries of the burgeois, though it now
ranges amongst tho politest circli^s. The same may he said ni'J'at, which was as closel)r
pent up in onr various markets, but no'.v associates with tin; best company.
'Tire. A corruption of thi! I.iiiiii liar, and is pronounced with llio i lung.
Tipstaff. Uccauso Ixiaring a imintcd Blafl' or one tipped with silver.
^i
90
MANUAL oi' onrnoEi'T.
Titular,3 honorary, in name only. (tit-u-lur) tltsh-yew.lur
Tivy,2 a word denoting speed. From tantivy, tiv-ve
To,^ unto : used in America for at and till, as
to hum (at home) till (at) Pittsburgh. too et to
Todd,^ a bush, thick shrub, fox, wt. of 28 lbs. tod
Toged,3 dressed in a gown. Vulgarly to^'d. td.ged
Tomb,2 a receptacle for the dead. (full) toom
Ton,* a weight. Tun,® a measure. As spelt, tun
Tontine,® a kind of lottery invented in 1653. ton.teen
Topography,® descript. of places. (top.o.^ra/-e) to-pog.ra-fe
Torquay ,2 a village in a retired cove of Torbay. tor.ka
Torrefy ,5 to scorch. Or written torrify. tdr.re.fi
Tortile,3 twisted, twined. Spelt also tortive. tor.tUe
Tory ,2 an advocate for old institutions, (tor-e) t6.ro
Toupet,2 artificial curl : also toopee and toupee. too.pd
Tour,2 an irregular journey. Vulgarly tow-ur. toor
Toward,^ confident, bold, forward. (to-ward) tord
Tradesfolk,® persons in trade. (tradesfolks) trades-foke
Trait,® a [touch : a late writer vulgarises trate. tra
Tithes. First given by Abram to Mclchizcdek : collected by the Mntiaical law 1400
years before Ciirist ; and granted to the English church in 786. Before ttthes, priesta had
one of the four otferings of the altar for their support.
Title. Duke of Clarance is from Clarentzn, a Grecian village, not as thought a Suffolk
town. That of 'Confessor,' was conferred on king Edward, by the Pope, in return for
peler-pence; and the one of Most Christian King, originated with Clovis, king of France.
Title-writinf. I know a gentleman who makes 800/. a year, by attending schoola aa an
ornamental writer of titles in ciphering books. lu topknot k is mute.
Tiz. Name in the Hungarian language for ten : also contraction for it is.
To. "Write {to) me." Tote : in many parts of America, means fetch, carry or bring.
Tobacco. Its plural is improperly rendered tobaccos (tobaccoes). Hottentots apply it to
the tongue of a snake, and it instakiily e.xpires. Tax'd 1000 par cent.
Toe. 1 wonder the clippers of potatoe and woe leave this word unmolested.
Tohrdbly, for tolerable well, is improper. Toat for carry, is Pennsvlvanian.
Ton. Ending a place, as Boston, means a town. Tofore (to-fore), before, ia obsolete.
Tontine. By L. Tonii, an Italian, to repair the shattered finances of France.
Tnoley. Name of a street, bridge, and corner in the Borough ; crasis of St. Olavo.
Tooth-ache. Is instantly relieved, if not cured, by the application of nitric acid.
Tory. An old word used by Irish banditti, implying, deliver you, or give to me.
Tour. Its proper enunciation, prevents mistiiking taking a tour for taking a tower.
Toward. Its corruption to-ward, with tow-ur iot tour (toor), are also Londonisnm.
Tower of Babel. Its confusion formed no new tongue, but the dispersion only of man.
Town. This surname is conjectured to be a crasis or contraction of St. Owen.
The toasts are (/ranAr, but the men were (2run/i.- hence their distinction : vide p 13.
Transactions. Name for the acts of the Royal Society ; as are memoir* for those of tho
French Academy of Sciences; and of commentaries in that of Pef ersburgh. An Jlct, in
our Universities, is a public thesis or theme, by candidates for a degree.
Translation, promotion to a higher see : in this instance only does it improve.
Translated (our bible is^ into 139 languages, and Iihh stood the test of 300 yearn. Bn
zealously faithful arc the Jews in their traiinlaii'iuN, they even number the words & letters.
Transports. Fii^t in America were to Virginia, l)y k. William and q. Mary, in IKS).
CorKNBYtsMs :— Tile, tilepiim, til'injr, for toll, toilsome, toilinc Bak-ke, tord (torn), a
tongs (pair of toiit^)i and tizuiit (,it i^not) are vulgarisms. Tuthill, formerly Tuttle-flelds.
MANUAL OP ORTHOEPY.
91
:'(
Trapes,^ a slattern : the verb is traipse, {traps) traipse
Travado,^ a sudden or impetuous hurricane. tra.va.do
Travail,* the pains of childbirth. trav-ale
Travel,^ to make a journey ; 2 a journey. truv-ul
Tremendous,^ awful. Vulgarly ire.men.de.us. tre-men-dua
Trevet,2 an iron stand for a pot. Or trivet, trev-ut
Tripe,2 the entrails of an ox cleansed. tripe
Troubadour,* an early French Poet of Provence, troo.bo-dore
Trough,* a vessel. A late writer calls it truf. trof
Troy-wt.* named by Darius on taking Babylon, troi-wate
Truant,* a vagabond, loiterer. Corr. truand. tru-unt
Truffle,2 a subterraneous mushroom, (truf-ul) troo.fel
Tune,* an air. Impro. with tone. (tshune) toono
Turban,* a Turk's cap. Also iurbant or turband. tur-bun
Turcism,* religion of the Turks. (turkizem) tflr.siz-em
Turkois,* a blue stone. Spelt and called turcois. tur-keeze
Turnip,* a vegetable. From Hanover, (tur-mit) lur. nip
Turns-up,* low term for fisty-cufTs. (turn-ups) taraa-up
U.
Ubiety,^ relation to a place : or ubercation. yow.bi.cte
Travado. On my voy.ige to York, Upper Canada, via New York, America, 1 eneoun<
tered ten, in the atlantic ocean, where, and hbnut Cape of Good Hope, it chiefly prevails.
Travail. Is cunTounded in iiss with the verb, whicli calls loudly for reform. No pos-
tilion in Russia dare to !;o at a less pace than ten versts, or six miles an liour. Travelling
expenses, allowed in our law courts, varies from is. to 7s. per mile.
Tree. Drs. Johnson and Franklin, with Mr. Strahan, each planted a tree in the latter'a
garden, New Street r they all thrive, but Dr. Johnson's is remarkably superior. The nut
of the Bead-tree is bored through & strung as beads by the Catholics of Spain Sc Portugal.
At Tamworth, Gloucestershire, is a chestnut tree that has attained the age of 103J years.
Trent (council of) met 1545, and sat 25 years. Decreed religious admissions at 16.
Tribes. Thooe in Hindostau are called castes, of which the Brahmin is the noblest.
Trisyllables, Accented on the second, form the adjective in al, and adverb in ly.
Truil. A low woman ; but in Queen Elizabeth's time, an innocent country beauty.
Trundle. 5. To roll : often rejected for bowl, as the boy bowls [trundles] his hoop.
Tumbril. An ancient engine for ducking people in muddy water ; also a dung cart.
Turf. Was the primitive material for altars ; afterwards of stone, marble, wood, and
even horn, as that of Apollo in Delos : were square, round, or ovnl, and faced the east.
Turncoat. Originated with a former duke of Savoy, famous frir changing sides.
Turnip. The least nutritive vegetable. First cultivated in fields about 1730.
Tutoress. Properly tutress, as or has a masculine signification : as well might we write
actoress, governoress, traitoress, and suitoresit.
Twells. Is a Somerset crasis of at fVells. Tuesday is improperly called chuse-da.
Twelve months. The s is often, but improperly, dropped ; as also are tie.
Tvelvepenny. Here v is turned into/ Every Turk, high and low, must learn a trade.
Twenty-seven newspapers only are in Asia, with a population of 390 millions.
Twickenham. Residence of Pope, who spelt it much like its cockneyism, Twitnem.
Type. The Statutes, and their Abridgment, consume 300,000 octavo pages ! That which
if called back-slope, i. e. reclining rearwards, I saw prevailed at New Yoik.
Tyrant. Simply king or ruler. Scholars use it oftencr in a good than bad sense. On
Napoleon's fall, 50,000 persons were found in French prisons, on political cliarges.
U. When beginning a word, many Londoners change it into o, as uimatural [on-natu
Ml]. Its greatMt mutation is in the words busy, business, tnuy, and buii&l.
; M
92
MANUAL OF ORTIIOEPV.
Umbilical,^ belonging to the navel. Or umhilic.
Umbrella,^ a cover from the sun. Or unibrci.
Unactive,^ hfiavy. Inartioe is a better word.
Unanimous,^ of one mind. Vulgarly on nious.
Unappalled,^ bold. Semi-accented j>ri/.
Unaware,''^ suddenly. Also written unawares.
Unbigoted,3 not bigoted, free from bigotry.
Uncalcined,^ not hardened by fire, (un-hil-sind)
Uncapable,^ improper. Properly incapable.
Uncarnate,^ not fleshly. Properly incarnate.
Uncomplete.^ not finished. Properly incomplete.
Uncouth,^ a\.kard, strange. {JM)
Unction,^ the last solemn rite of Catholicism.
Unctuous,'' fat, oily. Corruptly ung-shus.
Uncurrent,^ bank notes not payable in N. York.
Undergo,^ to hazard. In this sense not in use.
Under-oath,^ Irish form to enforce abstinence.
Underweigh,2 prepared : also written underwa\
Undone,^ ruined. Full and vulgarly on-don.
Unfirm,3 infirm ; which should be the word.
Unfortunate,^ unprosperous. {misfortunate)
um-bii.e-kul
um-brul.uli
un-uct<jv
j'ew-nfin.c-mus
un-ap.pawl'd
un-a-wure
un-big.gut.ed
un-kul-slnde
un-kii pa-bol
un-kfir-nato
un-kom-ploto
un.kdoth
unk-sbun
unk-t$>bua
un-kur-rent
un-der-go
un-dor.otbe
un-der.wa
un-dun
un-furm
unfur-tshu-nate
Vlpian[\\ie\ and the Palatine were ttie mogt celebrated libraries of ancient Rome.
Vltimity. (iiltimete) last stage : improperly on ul, and substiluted by uitiniatcly.
Umbrella. Comninnly cockneyfied into umhreller and iiuiber-flia.
Vnbigoted. Dr. Johnson and others double the t, but withhold it from bigoted.
Uncapable. The u, in words of tiiis sort, is now supplied by the letter i.
Uncle. In northern counties means an old man. Uncle Sam, jestingly, an American.
Unclothe. Dr. Johnson writes it uncloath, and yet spells its priu.itive clothe.
Unconverted [Baxter's call to the]. 20,(K)0 copies sold in one yenr It tins been transla-
ted into the Indian tongue. He wrote 1^ books, and CO were written asaiust him.
Unction (extreme). liegan about 100, and became general in 450. The parts to be a-
nolntnd are the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, hands, feet, and reins. Practised also by Jews.
Uncurrent notes, of which America has hundreds, are discounted at 20.9. per cent.
Undtr oath. A vow to refrain from indulgence ; termiiiuble in six months.
Understood. In the 35th Homily it is improperly converted into undersiandcd.
Underwriter. Because the insurer writes his name at the foot of the policy.
Unfought. Thus placed, gh are never sounded ; when coalescing, they seldom are, tin-
lesB divided by a syllable, and then not always. Sleek, vulgarly .«/)A:.
United : colonial papers imported last year, 12,429. Post office charce is 3il. each, and
l^rf. ou every one sent out ; which amo'inted to 12,062,000 in 1830 : of these, 185,448 were
for our colonies. America publishes 1200 different newspapers.
I7nited States Congress consists of 48 senators, and MM) representatives, [subject to In-
crease as new states come in| who are paid 8 dollars a day in Session, and H also for every
90 miles they travel. Their president 2.'i,000 dollars a year. Americans, in any chunco
business, are called jo66er«. They substitute ahiidc for elude.
I7nt»ers««y of Oxford was founded by Alfred, in 872. Formerly when examinations
were regularly set and pointed, candidates committed them secretly to memory, and bo
passed with ease. This was called cram. Its division of the arts and sciences is called
fMuUies, and are generally four ; Arts, Theology, Physic, and Civil Law.
Notb:— We read in the papers— "An undeniable character is required ;" this is defe«-
tiT«, inumuclt u it applies two ways. Sliotild be good, or unobjectionable.
MANUAL or OIJTHOr.PY.
03
mte
ican.
finsla-
be a-
Jews.
t.
J, nn-
I and
wore
toin-
ivcry
lilllCO
linns
id HO
ailed
efe«-
Unked,^ irksome, whicli is a far bettor woi-l. unkM
Unknown,'"' neither known nor noted, [unhcnonc) un.nono
IJnIoose,5 to ease, fall in pieces. un-looso
IJnpartial,-' just, tair. 'Iinparlinl is better, un.par-shul
Unpropitious,"* unfavorable, inauspicious. un-pro-pish ua
Unsaid,** not uttered. Properly spelt unsnycd. un-sod
Unshaked,3 unmoved. Uiishahcn is better, un shfike'd
Unslaked,^ burning : corruptly unslaked, un-slrUco'd
Unsowed,"* having no seed. Or unsoivn. un-sodo
Unstaunched,^ not stayed. Its second u is im-
proper, being derived from eslanchcr. un-stansht
Unsuspicious,'' having no suspicion, open, easy, un.sus.plsh.ua
Untie,^ to unbind. Somtimcs written untij. un.ti
Untoward,-' frovvard : (unto-ward, et un-fou-urd) nn.l6.urd
Untowardly,''^ perversely. {iiii-tou-vrd-le) un-td-urd.lo
Untrod,3 smooth. Also untrodden, un.irod
Unvail,5 to throw off a vail, uncover, show. un.valo
Unveil,5 to discover, make plain. un-veel
Unwares,'' suddenly, {unwaz) Prop, unawares, un.wacrz
Unwashed,-* dirty. Also unwashen. un-wash'd
Unwed,3 unmarried. Properly unwedded. un-wed
Unked. Is believed to be a barbarism of the rabble, from the word uncouth.
Unknoio and vnknnion. When k prpccdt^s n, in the same ijyilnhio, it is always silent :
and MM prefixed to a word gives it, for the most part, a negative formation.
Unlickcd. Not formed: shorn ofun, is then used by the mob for beaten or corrected.
Unloose. Is subject to the same remark as unrip : it is a barbarous redundancy.
Vnmeddled. Dr. Jo'lmson s\)Ms it with two iiist(>ad of three d'a.
Unpartittl. Is of a negative formation, and seldoui, if ever, used by good writers.
Unpronounceable, or hard words, as 1 have discovered in my provincial tours, are cal-
led, in village schools, kept by matrons, liobl/le-<lr-jr, or, skiji-and-go-on.
Unproper: but inelegant, not to say vulgar, substitution for improper. Note. 1,500,000
square miles of territory, were under the iron sway of ancient home.
Unrip, [to cut open]. As rip is also to cut open, surely unrip must bo to heal said cut,
or neutralise<l nonsense ; this may be said of unstrip, and many others; hence words pre-
fixed by un, should be well e.\aniined before chosen.
Untamrabte. Dr. Johnson allows the c in this word and its simple, but discards it from
blameable and unbkimeable. Many writers reject it from all of them.
Untie. Though sometimes written untij, it is by no means recommended.
Untie. "You coudu't untie this; could you?" Thus first answering a question, thca
asking it, is so inveterate an error, as to require no ordinary nutans to correct.
Unto. Putting it into the genitive ca^ie when meant for the plural, is to be found in au-
thors of the last century. They treat most other prepositions in tin; «ime way.
Untrue, not true. I am nmch surprised to observe int'anings of this complexion in all our
Dictionaries; as though even a babe needed telling, that untrue was not true, or that short
was not tall.
Unvail and unveil. Flave a most apparent difference in their orthography and orthoepy,
notwithstanding that some writers maintain to the cr)ntrary.
Unweary. Tliis faculty, added to velocity, is so much possescod by the Hawk, that it
will fly 150 miles an hour ! a swallow IIH) ! a pigeon.80 ! a crow 25 ! & wind, in a storm, 120.
Unieell. Was not to be found in Johnson, until added l)y a commentator.
Notk: — The intermixture of the capitals IT & V, in most, if not all our Dictionaries, is
productive, upon turning out, of great inronvenience. This charactiir, (&), as stated at
pago 4, ia not only named ampuian, bu< has also tho equally improper ono of and-per-gg.
■! fl
94
MANUAL OF OnTIIOEPV.
Unwept,^ not lamented. Properly nnweeped. un-wep*t
Unworshipecl,3 unhonored. Some double the p. un-war-shipt
Uppish,^ proud, lofty. Common word, up.iah
Usher,^ to introduce ; ^ an under-teacher. ush.ur
Usquebaugh,^ a compound hot spirit. {uS'ke-ba) ua.kwe.hi\i
V.
Vaccine,^ belonging to a cow. (»a*.*cen) vak-sine
Vacuum," a void space. (vaJcyum) va.k.yovr-a\n
Vague,^ \Vimdering. Barbarously va-gew. vaeg or vage
Vail,2 a perquisite. Veil,'' a covering, vale
Valance,^ bed-tester hangings. Corr. val-lens, val-lhnso
Vanancy,2 a large wig. Should be valancy, val.Ian.fie
Value,^ to rate at a fixed price. Vulg. vaLle, val.yew
Varlet,^ servant. Meant, 1377, a yeoman's serv't. var.let
Vase/' 1 vessel with a foot to it. Often vaze. vauze
VaL'!evi le,^ a rural ballad ; common proverb, v0w.de.vil
Vaunt,^ to boast ; ^ the first part. Not in use. vawnt
Vegete,^ active, lively, vigorous. (vidj-ut)ve.jeie
Vegetable,^ a plant. Barbarously ve-jete-a-bel. vedj-et-a-bul
Venerable,^ esteemed for age or antiquity. ven.ur.a-bel
Venice,^ in Italy, built 421, on sixty islands. ven-is
Venison,^ the flesh of deer. Corrupt, ven-zun. ven.ne zan
Vnwreath. The tetter » is never sounded when preceded by r.
Upon. "I shall call o/ (upon) him," ia very cominon but very barbarous.
Urban dean. Eccleuiastical jurisdiction over ten churches in the city.
Vsafre. An Irish magistrate, during the Protectorship, wrote it without a single Tetter oF
the onpnal,—yowziteh ; averring, if rebuked, that nobody could possibly spell wilb pern
made from the quills oflrish geese.
Vse. Commonly put in the present for the past tense, as— ''He use {used] to say ■o.'*
Vsher. Because introducing the scholars to learning. Corruption of huissier.
Usurer. Much abused by Ignorant people, aided and abetted by small authors.
Vf seldom varies, nnd is never mute. Londnncrs are apt to exchange it for to.
Vuffue. The barbarisers of this word quote ague as an authority.
Vatl. Sir Josh. Reynolds paid his servant 62. a year, but ofT^ir'd him lOOZ. for the door.
Valet : val-it, a servant. Fashionably val-\n. Anciently a youth under 18 years.
Van Dieman's land. Its property 2,289,845/. rec. 9066 convicts the four years before 1821.
Farlet. Corruption of vadclet, a bencher's clerk of the Inner Temple.
Vault. In familiar discourse the { is dropped ; contrariwise full. Family vaults were not
allowed until the 12th cent ; burying in cities about 300, not churches till mn.y ages after.
Vegetable. For 1600 years, even after the deluge, mankind lived entirely on vegetablea>
Vegetable plants actually known are 44,000, of which 17,000 are American.
Vegetation ceases on the Jtndrs, the height of 14,697 feet, and the Alps at 9,585.
Veil. Wus rent in twain, Mat. 27,-51 : holy oi holies curtain, of blue, purple St. scarlet
Venitans. Their refuse are the Chouans (ex. ehouette, a small owl) those fight by day,
tiut these by night; and are thought little better than smugglers changed into banditU.
Veneer {ve-near). Commonly, and by thetrade generally ,*pronounced finneer.
Venerable. "The very venerable (reverend) Archdeacon Cambridge." When indica*
tive of age, or the respect it bears, venerable is well chosen ; but if intended, as I suspect,
for a term of distinction, is most absurd and out of place.
Venice. Otiginated the word agio; difference between cash and paper money. Its bank
(the first) was established 1157 ; [their paper issues are called banco] that of Genoa 1345 ;
Amsterdam 1609; Hamburgh 1619; Rottvidam 1G35; England 1894; BcoUaud IfiSS ; and
Fianca 1710. America haa full 600.
MAKUAL OP ORTIIOKI'V.
05
■■'I
Ventriloquisf,^ speaker from ll»e belly. vonlril.o-kwist
Verdict,'-^ determination by a jury. {ver-dik) vGr-diki
Verdure,^ a green color. Improperly as written, vur-jiue
Verse,2 poetry : there are 23,200 in the Bible, vurse
Verst,^ a Russian measure. lU make 6 miles, vurst
Vertebre,2 a joint of the back. From vertebre. vur.te-bur
Veterinary ,2 a horse-doctor. (vet-run-e) v6t.er.e.na-re
Vice,2 wickedness. Corrupted from viiium. vise
Vicious,^ wicked, corrupt. Also vitious. vish.shus
Vigil,2 the eve before a holyday. (vi-jil) vidj-il
Vignette,^ a wreath of leaves or flowers, &c. vin.et
Villain,^ anciently a servant ; also a tenant of
manorial lands. (vi^^^^n) vil-en
Virtuoso,^ skilled in curiosities : plural virtuosi, vir.tew.d-so
Viscount,^ title next an earl. Yulgo as spelt, vi-kount
Vista,^ a prospect through trees. Or visto. vis-tuh
Vive,^ lively, strong, forcible. (viv) veve
Volume,^ a book. Commonly voLlum. vol-yumc
Voluptuoas,^ luxurious. Corruptly volupshus, vo.lup.tshus
Vulgate,^ the common version of the Bible, until
St. Jerome made a new one from the Hebrew, vulgait
Vastlff. Is a word often abused by the affected, and small talkers, as— 'vastly i{ood.'
yentriloquiam. By this art the ancients managed thn responses of their oracles. ,
Verba. We have nearly eight thousand verbs, and about forty thousand words.
Vergers. Officers in law-courts and cathedrals, attendants upon dignitaries.
Vermin. Its barbarism {narmivt) is certainly one of the lowest in our langua|[e.
Verse. This term, when appMed to the separate divisions of a poem, is wrong : the true
signification of verse, in poetry, being simply but one line.
Verse 21st c. 7, of Ezra, has the whole alphabet in it: least is 1st c. Ist Chronicles.
Version [an old] of the Testament has rascal for servant, then correct, in Rom. 1. 1.
Vertebre. Vulg. as spelt: anglicised as centre: its plural is now vertebres.
Vesalius of Brussels, anciently gave names to the muscles of the human body.
Vestry elerk. Has a gratuity of 11. &s. on every thousand names in a census.
Veterinary. Imported from France 20 years back, on our establishment of the college.
Victim. Hence victimised, a sufferer by swindling. The ancients offered barren beasts
as victims to the infernal deities, but fruitful ones in sacrifice to tlie celestial gods.
Victuals (vit-elz). Its orthoepy is corrupt ; and was so offensive to dean Swift, that ia
writing he invariably spelt it vitiles. Victualer [vit-ler], a publican.
Villain Thus Henry VIII. addressing the tenant of a niano ', says, — "As you are ab
accomplished villain, I order that you receive 700^ out of the public treasury."
Vine [the] fig, pomegranate, and melon, were favorite fruits in Athenian gardens. Tire
hanging gardens of Babylon, spoken of by Diodorus and Btrabo, were the wonders of art.
Vol, or vulcano. There are 200 in the world ; of which number 118 are in America.
Voltaire.,Uia best portrait is traced on the village inn-wall of Colonges, on the continent.
Volumes. In Cambridge library are unknown, but the authors amount to lOO.OQa
Vote. If a place return two members to Parliament, an elector may vote for HiRi ; but
if he give it to one only, and withhold it from the other, this is called a plumper.
Vowasom. Ancient name for a nobleman, next in dignity to a baron.
Vowels. Gur pronunciation of them differs from that of (he rest of Europe. They are
all found in the word facetiously: but extended by a late writer to eight.
Vulgate. Because intended by Council of Trent, for vulgar use. Only one admitted
by RomanistR. Grig, translated frnmthe Greek of the seventy f by whom is not known.
VvLOAKi8M8:--Viaur vemon, veminus, verjis, for viz-yere, venom^ venemous, verjuice.
06
MANUAL OF ORTIIOF.PV.
W.
Waif,^ goods lost and unclaimed : wcif, or weft, wafo
"Wainscot,2 lining for rooms. London, winskut. wuno.skut
Wales,2 was united to England in 1200. wailz
Waltz,2 a dance. From Walzcn, to revolve, waits
Wan,^ palo, sickly. Accented as in wanton, won
Waped,3 crushed by misery. Now obsolete, wfi-pod
Warminster,'^ a town in Wilts. (wnrmister) war-mins-tur
Wart,^ a flesh tumor : vulgar, wurt et waut. waurt
Wasp,^ an insect : 140 species, {wosp &o whops) wasp
Weal,2 mark of a stripe. Corruptly whale, wele
Weald,^ a woody part, as the wealds o^ Kent, wealdo
Wealth," money, any possessions. (wulth) welili
Wealy,3 marked with or in streaks. {whahj) we.lo
Weapon,^ an instrument of offence, (wepe-un) wup.pon
Weasel,^ an animal : there are 45 species. wo-zul
Weechelm,2 a species of elm. Also witchclm. wcotsh-olm
Weet,2 to know. Sometimes wcclcn. wool
Wex,5 to grow. Corrupt, by Spencer from wax. woks
Wheat,2 a pulse. We have 330 varieties. wheto
Wherefore,"'' for which reason. Corr. whvffur. whoro-foro
JV. A consonant on leading, vowel ending wordfl. Wan (wnz), "If he was [were] ill,"
Wafer. Which, stampt with a Innih, Catliniics administer as hruad and wine.
Wa^on, a team ; from the Saxon wag-on • hence wagiion is iin|iro;)«r.
Waistcoat [wes-kut]. Its contracted enunciation is now rcccivi'd as its orthoepy.
Wait!. Night music. Because they anciently waited on potentates.
Waltz. Originated last century in one of the nortliern villages of Germany.
Wandering musicians pay 1«. Orf. n day for an organ plain, and 3.<(. M. with figures.
Wardmote. Jts city advertisement costs \Al. Wept, properly weeped.
Wars. The late wars cost England a sum equal in amount to 11,400 tons of gold.
Wasp. Like the male bee, has no sting Ves|)ertilio, or bat, has 'i5 varieties.
Watch. To finish one for the pocket, requires the aid of 150 different hands.
Water carriers, 17IU, plied at Aldgatc pump. A water plug is known by small boards
attached to houses or walls, with capitals and figures thereon, denoting from whence it
comes, and the distance at wirich it may be found. In London less money is paid for
wine than water ; which, 1731, in tlie West Indies, sold for Is. per pail. A pint weighs
16 oz. : cubic foot 1000 ounces.
Wave: when a verb, improperly spelt waive ; which, correctly, is a woman, for con-
tempt of court, deserted by the law. Wave of the sea, or its forn). travels 40 miles an hour.
Wealth. The sum total of British wealth has been calculated at :i:)4;t millions.
Week-days, were named from the Saxon gods Sun, Moon, Tuisco, Woden, Thor, Friga
and Sater. Weeks of the ancient Greeks consisted of 10, & those of the Romans, 8 days.
Weight of the heaviest anchor is 00 cwt. Wench, in America, means a black girl.
Went. This industrious word comes from the verb wend, to go, now used only by poets.
Westminster abbey has internal allegorical symbols of the adepts; their science being
much studied by many of its prelates, which, anciently, was considered so sacred, ac fit
only for the pure, the learned, and the wise.
Which. "Our Father which [who] art in heaven." Also niiscliosen in the liturgy, and
Bacrcd writ: is applied to animals and inanimate things, or in asking a question.
Wheat. We consume 18,000,000 qunrtcTrs aimually. In ]4<.)4 sold for dd. \wt busliel.
Whig. Originated in Scotland about 1080, and wiis then applied to the Presbyterians.
yr»AA(/rrtirf»i^ [drawing] room, uttt^nded by ladies and gent, but /rvre by gentlemen only.
VuLGARtsMs.-Waah-us, warz, warnt, we-bit, for wasii-liouse, was, waaiiot, Biuall piece.
What,4 tl
While,7 .
Whilom,"
Whist,a r
Whitod.l
Whiltlo,a
Who,4 a
Wholly,'
Whom,4
Whoobul
Whortlcl
Wich,2a
Wiery,^
Wino,3 fi
Wisp,2 a
Wistful,a
Woe,2 gr
Woman,
Wonder,
Words,2
While In
Whist. B(
IVho. Beg
into e. Bor
middle a;:es
ed, occasion
cal Library
Wholly;
Hlioop. A
Whitecha^
butcheries «
Whiltingi
fhip called
Wich. W
Wiury.
Wife '
Will. '
cause Span
from their i
property.
Win. In
Wind. It
Windmill
Window
Witchcrc
Woe. A 1
Wolf. l)f
cles of a nr
Womb
Wool. U
Woolwic
tVnrking
Worship
VuLo'a.
MANUAL OF OIITIIOEPIT.
07
.ful
What,4 ilmt which: in Amcricii, mnde nan. whut
While,' as long as. Also whiles or ichilst. vvilo
Whih)m,' formerly, heretofore. Now ohsoloto. wl.il.lum
Whist,'* narr.e o'( n. game at cards. Vulgo wlihh. whist
Whiled.hrown,'* a coarse paper, {ichitey. brown) whUo.cdhrouit
WhittIo,2 a knife, blanket,'} to cut {widui) vi\n\..\x\
Who,4 a relative ; which person. {wo) |,„o
Wholly,"'' completely. Corruptly hully. lioio-lo
Whom,"* accusative of who. Improperly home, hooin
Whoobub,^ a great noise, confusion, {hoo-hub) hnb-bub
Whortleberry ,2 a bilberry : imp. huk-ul-ber-e. liwur-tul.bor.o
Wich,2a spring or place where salt grows. wiisli
Wiery,^ made of wire. Mis-spelt wiry, wire
Wino,^ first brought from India by Bacchus. wino
Wisp.s a bundle of straw. Mis. written whisp. wisp
Wistful,' earnest, attentive. Vulg. wishful, wist.f
Woe,2 grief. Mis-spelt »w. Wooj^tosueT wo
Woman,2 a female. Plural women (wlmen) woo-mun
Wonder,^ to be astonished. Corr. woon-diir. wun.d\iv
Words,2 there are 773,092 in thj Bible, (wutls) wurd
WAi7c In "to while nway nn Iiour," slionld lio siippliml by wile or whirl.
tVAist ncrniisc requiring silmct: To fiuk tlin A in wlirn is vul^'ar.
IVho. nesiniiiiij; n word, nnd followed \ty/i,iP liocoineN iiiiito. liOndonorH convPrt It
into ». Some writern allow its place to ho usurped by whom, lis Latin, quis, Wiis in llin
middle a^es pronounced 'ua, k(r. bad; and its altoiaJDn to finis, quv, quod, as now recuiv-
t'd, occnsioni'd con)plaini£: to tliu Parisiiiii I'iirliunienl. An old edition of Dupin's Ifintori-
ciil Library, lias toho and w/inm rrji;ctod for witicli.
Wkolly ; properly writ toholihj and pronounced Aoltj : toho will is vulgarised whool.
Whoop. A shout. Hioop). S'liorti of one n, it forms a vulgar substltule for biut.
H'hitechapel. From the color of its cinirdi tower, in an alley of the Higit iStieet, aiiiid
butrlicrics and slaughter-bouHCS, lived the celebrated writer Daniel Dcloc.
ff-'Ait«iw^«on, "thrice lord mayor of I-ondon," acquired great riches by trading In a
ship called 'the Cat,' hence (he origin of ll'hittingtun and his Cat.
iVich. VVIience many places take their names; as Sattwich and .Yantieich.
H'itry. If signifying mr.t,moi.^t, nrioeariuli, then pronounced like weary, tired.
tt'ife " My wive's sister" is vulgar, h'ivr. was (irst sold by apothecaries.
Will. " Be that as it will" now may. Wills are called Spanish if witliout effects ; be-
cause Spaniards bequeath properly in" the Wei^t Indies to th(?ir heirs, which was taken
from their ancestors by Oliver Cromwell. Wills refer to real, but t.rstammts to itcrsonal
property. Notk : The Jews kept thirty festivals every year, and but one fast.
Win. In names of places, means a battle was fousht, or victory gained there.
Wind. Its long sound (us in find) is confined to poets. Travels 15 feet in a becond.
Windmill. Invented in Palestine, and brought thence by the knights of Mt. John.
Window. Because anciently intended to admit tcinrf into houses. Vulgarly fein-dur.
Witchcraft (for) Americans executed many circa 1690: wish they call wisht.
Woe, A philological clipper dashes its last letter on his own authority.
Wolf. Dogs carried from Europe into New Spain have degeneraloil to wolves. Mus-
clen of a man's jaws exert a force of 4;)4 lbs. those of a wolf nearly double the amount.
Womb. The b is not only mnte, but lengthens the word, as in climb and comb.
Wool. (A pound of) lias been spun to the length of forty- eight miles.
Woolwich marshes are but 3 feet above the level of the sea ; and Greenwich 3^.
Working day. Vulg. workday. Wisely, manly. North Britons, make wiscliku, manlike.
Worship is used as a noun and v«irb ; meaning worthsliip : doing that which ts good.
VuLo'a. Wurrit (.wonyj. "He wurrits" (worries). Boomun [woman], low Loudonioni.
O
i
mmmtmit
^
08
MANUAL OP onnioEi'v.
Worst,"' most wicked. Viiln;. wusl and ini.9. wurflt
Worsted,- a small town in Norfollc. (//■ofM/zV/) wurH-Htcil
Woiild,^ prot. of to will. Conitnoiily winl. wood
Wound.'-^a hurt. Barl)aroiis|y ns funnif, woond
Wrath,'-* anger, rajifo, fury. Corr. called lur'/i. rawth
WrcaU,^ to revenge, execute. (i'a/t(')rnkn
WreckjS to destroy, ruin. Vulgarly rale, rok
X.
Xcnophon,o a Grecian General. (cks-rn-n.fun)zvn.o.fiin
Xercs,3 in Andalusia, famous for its wine. slu'r-ris
Xtmas,^ first kept under Em. Commodiis, 200. kriH.inus
Y.
Yacht,2 a small one-deck ship, (ynut and yat) yoi
Yankoos,** a warlike Indian tribe, America. yank-ooz
Yard,3 measure of three feet ; settled by Henry
the First, from the length of liis own arm. yardo
Yclad,3 clothed, adorned, covered. o.klad
Yeoman,^ a farmer : in 1520 yongmen* (yum-nn) yo-mun
Yes,' comes ex. ay-es, & means enjoy thai (yis) yez, or yes
Worsted. In this plfinsanttowii, n wnnllcii manufactory for knitting and weaving stock-
inK8, thence called wnrntnl, was firnl estahllslicd.
Worthy. Is now happily employed In all piii|i()ses of irony and legitimate satire.
Wrapt in linen clollis — in prav(! clotlis: usually an clothes [klozi-], properly klotha.
Wreck. What is cast asliore from shipwreck hccomcw the kinn'n ; hut if any tiling liv-
ing escape, it reverts to tiie owners, if claiiued wiiliin a year. Frequently inischoiien ; ai
"I will wreck (wreak) my vcnijcnuce upon liim."
Writ. "Our trusty and wi'll heliivcd cousin," in the king's writ (o a peer of the rank
of earl, b:>gan wiili Henry the Fourth, who, hiMUK hluiMcIf allied to all the carls in the
kinndoin, politically ackriowli'dgud it in his piihllc acts.
Write. The F.mperor Jiistinus, uiuihle to writr, passed a pen through the letters /. V.
S. T., cut for the pur|)os(', and so aiiixed liis .^i'liiature. Charlcmngne, not succeeding in
his attempts to learn writing, si<,'nt^d with a monoirram. The most ancient species of wril-
inp was that of cuttintion stone, as the law on Mount ^^inni.
Writing, in China, is pcrl'ormeil wiili a hrush, instind of a pen ; using Indian ink. Tliey
practised priming from woiideil blocks more than IlthO yenrs u^'o.
Wrote. I!i|)pocratcs, who lived 400 years H. C. was tlie (irsl wlio wrote on anatomy.
JCeres; hence sherry, is pro|)eily slierris wliio. Xherrins no Englisii word. Y is a con-
BOnanton beginning, hut a vowel if endiu" words, tt'ill-tlonr, properly well executed.
Xtmas-boxes; in ancisut times, moin^ begged in aid of masses for apprentices.
Yacht. Is derived from the Dutch. Properly not exceeding 100 tons burden.
Yankoos. The last tribe con()uered by the Americans, wliieli name, as customary, be-
ing conferred on the conquerors, was soon corrupted into yavkee : iiencc its origin.
Year. We began ours December 25th, till the conipieror'a time ; afterwards clinnged to
March ^th, in the civil and ecclesiastical courts, but now on January 1st. New-year'a
gifts originated with Tatius, kijig of llie Sabines, regnanl with llomulus.
Yeomen. [*same as esq.]. Also 100 men on,°and 70 olf duty, called yeomen of the guard,
whose dress resembles that of Henry Vlll's time. Htationed, on solemn festivals, next
tl)e Buftets, they were thence jocularly termed Oujfetiera, now corrupted into beef-eaters.
O y^; is the signification of A o.' Wunst for once, prevails in Pennsylvania : as also
mout, orten, gvvine, ouch, brenth, in N.England, formiKht,ouglit, not, going, oh, breadttt.
VcLOARisMs : — Hull, hum, furnent/, &deritcs, for wliole, home, opposite, k. directly,
are Americanisms. Winurd[windwiird], rop [wrap], ropper [wrapper], I wutnot |I wot
not]. Yoke [yelk of an egg], and widder [widow]. Yarnun is a low cockney ism upon
earning, and barbarism on yearning.
W\ .um'i
MANUAL OF OUTlIOi;i»Y.
90
Yestjo tlio ll(»\vcr of malt li(|iior.
:ow,o u
liuniy (
iycaste) vest
roc,
on,-* within view.
l'\>rtncrly M|>««lt eiif^/i. yon
Also ijDud (>r i/iniilvr. you
Yonder,-' ut u distance. narl)an)usly i/undur. yun.dur
Ypres,'-' a strong town in Flanders. c.pra
(zen-utJi) zCnith
zof.fur
Z.
Zenith,^ a point over head
Zephyr,'"^ fhe name of u soft west wind
Zinziber," old term ior /,'//j^rr.
Obsolete, zin-zo-bur
Ycwfv. Our vriiis, of old, ciiiii'il in iIi'ih \miv, hh wc, v, thru, luvrn.
i'liunff.
yiiHV/r Wdlllilll IliilitlJ iiiiirs III' IU!i'
i'lii! ultMiiiility of employing two
tnriiiH, whii'li, Hrpiiriili'ly, imply ilir hiinii' iliiiifr. in (•(!•< no toimiioiil. Young of au do-
plinnt in 3 I'crt liiuli wlwii Imm, ':iow.-' I'm- !.'(l jcais, iiimI livfM I'JO
iuun,
Toil
[tally in lili]. !^i)Iim' pi
[i/rir-iir]. Ila.-i also an iiiui.'
eaci
le obijolute.
-.,.., L.v " "'I- ■■•'•' !■■■'•> iiii "ii'i.r t'liuiiciaiiiiii oly»;'.
l'(»rA- (ill New] .Aiiiciicn, I liavo si'i'ii wiIMidiiikI l)ot)l<s rpI), l)y niirtion, for 3 centa
icli ! Itti nv(!rai!(! iiuimIkm-oI'^i';-. .« in iiOi) annually, — iM.liif; KU) iiKirc'tlntii In liondon.
K. Our Kranininiianssav lli"?/ iy nut r!i:iM>;('ii wlicn tlii'ie In another vowi;! In the same
sylliible, iiH koy, lioyrt, dclny. dclayn. Notwiilisiamliiig \\ u writu iiionlcB, ultornics, clilm-
iiif'8, inotikii »i, JoiirnicH, vailiis, i^:c.
y'ulc collrgr, 70 iiiili'H friini A'tw V'ork, ranks, in Aniorlca, tliPsamo ns Oxford does liere.
Ytnt. Cotnnionly t-pf'lt i/iw^t ; vr.l;;arly lallcd muf., ainl liy cockiK-ys i/hl.
'/. is seen in very (Vw I'IiiuIImIi woiiI:'. It has but two snuiids. Coinnionly iziard, but
faHliioiiiibly zrd. in Itcn Joliii-^mrs iiiiki It was pionnuncrd In short words like s, which
tlicrclii wiisi'liangc'd into :. /, and K art also called siliilantH, or iiisiiiii(j letters.
''.palnvs [zilu.i]. A few old writers invariably \i\\k it ii loiiir sound.
/.iinibir. Ili^nce z was (ineiently a {jroccr's sifiii, (li'iiotin;,' lliai lie suld gini;er.
LoNtvoNisM : — Yit, yi.-limle, and yiiiidcr, for yet, yesterday, nnd yonder. Note : learn-
ed, applied, ill the lion^e, to n I'eeror M. I'., means ilint lie in of tlio le|!!il profession. Yet
from Man to (.'et, lieiice properly (.'et ; ancient /r is modernised y. Ago wus roriaeilir
wrUteii ygo. Ami Fruni in llie Aiiglu-Huxua oiigiual ut'froia.
CONCLUSION.
It will be clear probably to the reader, on his examina' "on of " The
Manual," that many prominent words have been left ont; whilst the
place of divers others, in his estimation, would have been much better
filled up by those that he could recommend. I am not going to dispute
these points with him, but only request that he would refresh his me-
mory with the following,' anecdote: — "A certain Caliph of the Sara-
cens, designing, on a set day, to please all ihe good people of Bagdad,
ordered an immense conservatory, stored with rich viands, to be thrown
open for their use. To this the Bagdadians repaired in crowds; and
being more attentive to what they got tiian the manner of getting it,
one half fared sumptuously, whilst the other half either became mere
spectators, or partook only of the scraps. The latter, therefore, were
much offended; and the former, falling sick on the morrow, equally
displeased. Thus the Caliph of the Saracens, in his vain attempts to
please every man, not only failed in those attempts, but incurred a
very heavy expense to no purpose, and innocently drew upon himself
the ill-will of all Bagdad.
ADDENDA
or
FOREIGN WORDS AND PIIRASRS. TRANSLATED,
THAT OCCUR IN GENEnAr. AND MISl'ErXANKOUS KRAUINQ.
Afurtioro, >Vith stronger reason.
A la mode, In the fashion.
A posteriori, From a later reason.
A priori, From a prior reason.
A propoa, To the purpose.
Ab initio. From the beginning.
Absque Deo nihil possumus, Without
God we can do nothing.
Ad arbitrium. At pleasure.
Ad captandum, To attract.
Ad .wminem. To the man.
Ad .nfinitum. To endless extent.
Ad interim. In the mean time.
Ad libitum. At pleasure.
Ad referendum. For consideration.
Ad valorem. According to value.
j4doer«i« m«;or, Superior to adversity
Aid.de-camp, Assistant to a Goncrul.
Alias, Otherwise.
Alibi, Elsewhere. Allons, Lot us go.
Alma mater. University.
Amende, Apology.
Amensa et thoro, from bed and board.
Amor patrim. Love of country.
Anglice^ In an English manner.
Anno Domini, The year of our Lord.
Anno Mundi, The year of the world.
Anno Urbia conditcc A. U. C), In
the year after the building of the
city (Rome).
Ante Christum, Before Christ.
Ante merediem. Before noon. •
Arcanum, A secret: plu. Arcana.
Argumentum ad hominem, Personal
argument.
Argumentum baculinum, Argument
of blows.
Arondissement, Rounding, district.
Artistes, Executives of tlie arts.
Au hon droit. To the best r-^ .1.
AuLerge, An inn, village inn.
Audi altprim partem, Hear the other
Au fait. At home. [side.
Auto da fi. Act of faith.
Auxilium ab alto. Help from aboTC.
Avalanche, A snow slip.
Bai^ntrlle, A trifle.
BaUette, A danre.
Banco Regis, In t!ie King's Bench.
Beau ideal. Fine fancy, imaginary.
Bean monde. People of fashion.
Belle, A woman of fashion.
Belles leltres. Polite literature.
Bijuii, Pleasing trifle. ^
Billet-doux, Love-letter.
Bivouac, A strong watch.
Bonne houchc. Delectable morsel.
Bona fide. In reality.
Bon-mot, A piece of wit.
Bon vivant, A high liver.
Bon ton. Fashion. Bonus, A premium
Boudoir, A small private apnrtment.
Bourgeois, A low townsman.
Bulletin, An ofllcliil report.
Cabinet de lecteur, A reading-room.
Cacoethes scrihendi. Passion for
writing.
Cacoethes, An evil custom.
Cttteris paribus. Other things alike.
Cafe, Cofibe, a coffoo-houso.
Cantatrice, A female singer.
Canton, A district, part of a town.
Cap a pie. From head to foot.
C'iput viorluum. Dead matter.
Carp hlanche. Unconditional terms.
Cartti, A conveyance for prisoners.
Cede Deo, Submit to Providence.
Charbonnier, A collier.
Charge d'affaires, A manager.
Chateau, Country seat.
Chefd 'aiuvre, >laBterpioce.
Chcvaux-defiise, A military fence.
Ci.devant, Formerly.
Cognoscenti, The literary, &c.
Comme il faut. As it should be.
Compos mentis. In one's scuses.
Con onore. Gladly.
Cnrigi, Bow, dismission.
Conge d'dirc, Permission to choose.
rORKfUN rHR.\S£S.
101
I
ID,
Bench,
jjinary.
un.
ro.
)rsel.
remium
rtinent.
I.
g-room.
jn for
fH alike.
town.
't.
I terms,
soiicrs.
3I1C0.
er.
fence.
bo.
les.
hoose.
Contra hnnos mores, Ajfainst good
niaiinur!:!.
Ci-nrersfiziona, Literary chit-ohiit.
Cordon fianitaire, A lino ofiioultli.
Corps d'armiie. An armed force.
Cortt'.ge, Largo rotinue, attendants.
Coterie, A club, select society.
Coup d'eiisiti, Finished tnnilifo.
Coup dp pracr, Fininhing stroke.
Coup de main. Sudden enterprise.
Coup d^icil, View, or glance.
Coupon, A dividend.
Crasis, Contraction.
Crcdat Judaius, A Jew may believe
it (but I will not).
Cum mullis nliia. With many others.
Cusios rotulorum, Keeper of the re-
cords.
Danseuses, Opera dancers.
Dr.tn, Points settled.
J)e /acto, In fact. J3c_;Mre, By right.
D<:but, First appearance.
Dihutante, A beginner.
Decrevi, I have resolved. •"
Degage, Gracefully negligent.
Dei gralin, By the grace of God.
Dejuiii, A breakfast. Dele, Expunge-
Denouement, Winding up.
Deo adjuvante, God being my aid.
Deo duce, God being my aid.
Depot, Store, or mag^izine.
Dernier ressort, liast resort.
Desideratum, A thing wanted.
Desunt ctetera. The rest is wanting.
Deua nobiscum, God with us.
Dictum, Authority. {Vlu. dicta.)
Dieu avec nous, God with us.
Dieu et mon droit, God and my right.
Divertissement, An entertainment.
Domine, dirige vos, O Lord, direct
Donne de Dieu, Given of God. [us.
Double, Deputy or counterpart.
Double entendre. Twofold meaning.
Douceur, Present or bribe, [sented.
Dramatis persona;, Persons ropre-
Dum spiro, spero, Whilst I breathe,
I hope.
Dum vivimus, vivamua. Whilst we
live, let us live.
Durante placito, During pleasure.
Durnnta vitd, During life.
ricce homo. Behold tbi; man.
EcUiirciasement, Explanation.
lichit, S|)l(»n<lor. Elive, Pupil.
I'jlito, Choice, select.
Embonpoint, Jolly, in good plight.
JCn dtshiihiUe, Not drohsod.
En fiiinille. In the family way.
En flute. Armed on upper deck only.
En masse, A multitude.
En niililairc. Soldierly.
En passant, By the woy.
Encore, Over again. Enfllade, In a
Ennui, Tiresomeness. [row.
Entree, Entrance.
Entre nous. Between ourselves.
E pluribus iinum. One of many :
motto of the U. States: union.
Ergo, Therefore. Errata, Errors.
Escapade, A prank, trick.
Esperance en Dieu, Hope in God.
Espionage, Secret observance.
Esprit de corps. Assembly of wit
and talent. Essayez, Try.
Estafette, A courier, an express.
Etat major. The staff of an army.
Etccctera (&c.). Others, and so on.
Ex, Late. Ex officio. Officially.
Ex parte. On one side only.
Ex. post facto. After the fact, or
commission of a crime.
Excelsior, More elevated : S. N. Y.
Excerpla, Extracts. [motto.
Exempli gratia. For example.
Exeunt omnes. All depart.
Expose, Made aj^pcar.
Facsimile, Exact copy.
Fairc mon devoir. To do my duty.
Faux pas, Fyult, misconduct.
Fille-de-chambre, A chamber-maid.
Felo-de-se, Self-murderer.
Ferme ornSe, A decorated farm.
Fete, An entertainment.
Fete champetre, A rural feast.
Feu dejoie, Military fire of joy.
Fiat, Let it be done.
Fide, non armia. By faith, not arms
Fidelia et audax. Faithful and in-
Figurantea, Opera dancers, [trepid.
Foix populi. The dregs of the people
I-';
k
•VI
102
rOIJEIGN PirilASES.
Finem respice, Look (o tliti end.
Flirt, Bins, i)ower, l,uli;rit.
Foitiier inrc, Finn in purpose.
Fracas, A iiiisiiiHlcstundinjj.
Furor, MudnoBs.
Gardez bicrt, Take caro.
Gardezlafoy, Kocp faith
Gens d'armes, Pulico soldiers.
Gourmand, A glutton.
Gradu diverse. By a different way.
Hahens corpus. To liave the body.
Haut et bun. Great, and pocd.
Haul ton, The great world.
Hauteur, Loftiness, statcliness.
Hicjacet. Here he lies.
Homme belli(/ueux, A warlike man.
Honi soil qui mal y pcnse, Evil hap-
pen to him who evil thinks.
Hors de combat, Out of the battle.
Hotel Dieu, God's house : a hospital
Jbid., ibidem, In the same place.
Id., idem. The same (author)
Jd est. That is. Irfi dien, I serve.
Ignis fatuus. Will o' the wisp.
In caslo quies. There is rest in hea-
In commendam. For a time. [ven.
In forma pauperis. As a pauper.
Incognito, Disguised, or unknown.
Infra dignitatem. Beneath one's
dignity.
In propria persona. In person.
In petto. Hid, or in reserve.
In statu quo. In fortner state.
In terrorem, As a warning.
In toto. The whole, altogether.
In transitu. In passing.
Inter nos. Between ourselves.
Ipse dixit, Mr* : ssertion.
Ipso facto. By more fact.
Item, Also, or an article.
Jacta est alea. The die is cast.
Je ne sgais quoi, I know not what.
Je suis pret, I am readj'.
Jesus hominum Salvator, (J. H. S.)
Jesus the Saviour of men.
Jet d'eau, a water spout.
Jeux de mol. Play upon words.
Jeux d'esprit, Piny of wit.
Jure divino. By divine right.
La bMe assentblee, A fashionable
iiss.Miihly.
fj'tpsjis lingufp. Slip of the tongue.
/j'arfrp/if. Money, or silver.
IjUun Deo, Praise bo to God.
Lrgum doctor. Doctor of laws.
Ta'x talionis, Law of retaliation.
Liber, A book.
Lichtstrasse, A light street.
Literatim, Letter for letter.
Lock sicker. Bo secure.
Locus sigilli. Place of the seal.
Lusus iiaturd', Extraordinary pro.
duction ef nature.
Maison de villc. The town-house.
Maitre d'ecole A schoolmaster.
Mal-d.propos, Unseasonably.
Marchande des modes. Dealer in the
fashions.
Maussade, In the dumps, [fulness.
Mauvaise horite. Unbecoming bash-
Mauvnis sujets. Bad subjects
Memento, llemember.
Memento mori. Remember that thou
must die. [mory.
MeinoricE sacrum. Sacred to the me-
Menaire, Household, family, goods.
Mens conscia recti, A mind consci-
ous o^ractitude.
Meum et tuum. Mine and thine.
Mille, A thousand. Minus. L«8S.
Mirahile dictu. Wonderful to tell.
Mori;eaux, Pieces, parts, morsels.
Multum in parvo. Much in a small
space.
Mutatis mutandis, Changing words
that require it.
Naivete, Unaffecied simplicity.
Nc cede malis, Do not yield to mis-
iVe plus ultra. No farther, [fortune.
Ne quid nimis. Too much of one
thing is good for nothing.
Nemine contradicente, Unanimous-
ly : abridged nem. con.
Nemo me impune lacesset. Nobody
shall offend me with impunity.
N'l admirari. To smile at nothing.
bill desperandum. Never despair.
Nisi prius. Unless before.
Nolens volens, Willing or unwilling.
Fonniorf niRASKs.
103
luble
rue.
Novi dc guerre, Assumed name.
Non compos mentis, Insane.
iV«rt constat, It docs not appear.
Nun liquet, It appears not.
Non nobis, domine. Not unto ue, O
Non silii. Not for himself. [Lord.
Notii bene. Take notice.
N'onbliez pas. Do not forget.
Nunc aut nunquam, Now or never.
Odi profanum, I hate profanity.
On dit, It is reported, they say.
Onus, Burden. Outre, Absurd.
Onus probandi, The weight of proof.
Opus magnum, A greiit work.
Orange boven, Up with the orange.
Ora pro nobisi. Pray for us.
O tempora ! O mores! O the times !
O tiie manners. [dignity.
Otium cum dignitate. Leisure with
Pari passu. In equal degree.
Particeps criminis. Associates in
the crime.
Pas dedeux, A dance by two.
Pas de trois, A dance by three.
Passe, Tolerable.
Passim, Every where.
Pater patriae, Father of hi'- country.
Pax in bello. Peace in war.
Penchant, Liking, inchnatior.
Pendente lite, Undecidod.
Per mare et terras. By sea and land.
Per vias rectas, By the right way.
ferdw. Concealed. Perse, By itself.
Perseverand , By perseverance.
Petit-maitre, Fop. Piquant, Keen.
Pirouette, Turning on one's leg.
Point d'appui. Point of support.
Post meridiem, Afiernoon.
Postmortem, After death.
Prenez garde. Take care.
Presto, Begone. Plus, More.
Prima donna. First operatic singer.
Prima facie, At the first view.
Pri~,rMm mobile. The cause of motion
Pro and con. For and against.
Pro bono publico. For the public
benefit.
Pro forma. For form's sake.
Pro hac vice. For this time.
Pro patria. For my country.
Pro rege et patria. For my king
and country.
Pro re nata. For the occasion.
Pro tanto, For so much.
Pro tempore. For the time.
Probatum est. It is proved.
Protege, A person patronized, [feet
Pugnis et calcibus. With fists aid
Quantum libet. As much as you will.
Quantum sujjicit. Enough, sufficient.
Quasi dicat. As if he would say.
Qui rive. On the alert.
Quid n!tHc,VVIiat now, newsgossip.
Quid pro quo, Tiiis for tiiat, or more
commonly, Tit for tat.
Quid rides ? Why do you laugh ?[us.
Quis sfijiarabit ? Who shall separate
Quoad, As to. Quo animo. Intention
Quod eral demonstrandum. Which
was to be demonstrated.
Quondam, Former.
Ragout, A high-seasoned dish.
Recherche, Enquiry, research.
Recte et suaviter. Justly and mildly.
Regius professor, King's professor.
Re, In the matter of. Rem., heliX,
Re infecta. The thing not done.
Renascentur, They will rise again.
Rencontre, Accidental meeting.
Rendezvous, A place of meeting.
Requiescat in pace ! May he rest in
peace ! [house.
Restaurateur, A chop and eating
Resurgam, I shall rise again.
Rouge, Red, or red paint.
Rus in urbe, 'i he country in town.
Ruse de guerre, A manojuvre : trick
Salvator mundi, Saviour of the
world.
Sanctum sanctorum. Holy of holies.
Sang froid. Coolness. Sans, With-
Sans ceremonie. Without form. [out.
Sans culottes. Without breeches.
Sans souci. Free and easy. [God.
Sans Dic.u rien. Nothing without
Sauve qui peut, Save himself who
Savans, Learned men. [can.
Scandalum magnatum. Scandal a-
gainst the nobility.
■mmm
104
FOUEIGN PHRASES.
Scripait, Wroto it.
Sculpgit, Engraved It.
Secundum aitem. According to art.
Semisaia, Half a pound.
Semper eadem, Always the same.
Scnatua academicuB, Council of the
school.
Setiatua populusque Romanua (S. P.
Q. R.), The senate and people of
Rome.
Seriatim, In regular order.
Servabo Jfidem, I will keep faith.
Sijepuia, If I can.
Sic tranait gloria mundi. Thus pas.
ses away the glory of the world.
Signor, A gentleman. Sigtiora, lady
Sine die. Without fixing a day.
iStfie qvd non, Indispensable rcqui-
site. A thing that must be done.
Soi-diaant, Pretended.
Soiree, Evening party.
Solua, Alone, unattended.
Soyez ferme. Be firm.
Spectaa et tu apectabiris, You see,
and you will be seen.
Spero mcliora, I hope better things.
Statu quo, Jn the former stale.
Suaviter in modo. Gentle in manner.
Subrosa, Under the roFo, privately.
Subjudice, Under consideration.
Sui generis, Of its own kind.
Suivez raison. Follow reason.
Summum bonum. Greatest good.
Surveillance, Under an inspector.
Tableaux vivfina. Living pictures.
Tant mieux. So much the better.
Teloa, The end.
Tempora mutantur, Times arc
changed.
. 'crraincogniffj. Unknown land.
Tete-a-tete, Private conference.
Ttrdium ritm. Weariness of life.
Toto coelo. Wholly, far as possible.
Totics quotico, As many times as.
Tout enacmble. Whole appearance.
Tout le monde, All the world.
Triajuncta in uiio, Three joined in
one.
Tuebor, 1 will defend.
Tuum est. It is your own.
Ultimua Romanorum, The last of
the Romans.
Una voce. Unanimously.
Ut prosim, That I may do good.
Utile dulei. Utility with pleasure.
Vade mecum, Constant companion.
Valetde chambre. Chamber footman
Veluti in apeculum, As in a looking.
glass.
Veni, vidi, vici, I came, I saw, I
conquered.
Verbatim, Word for word.
Versus, Against.
Vertu, Scraps, nicknacks.
Vi et armis. By force of arms.
Via una. One way. Via, By way of
Vice, In the room of.
Vice versa. The reverse.
Vide, See, Videlicit, Namely.
Videttes, Sentinels on horseback.
Vigilnntibus, To the watchful.
Vigilnte et orate. Watch and pray.
Vincit Veritas Truth conquers.
Virtus nobilitat. Virtue ennoblon.
Virtute etfide. By virtue and faith.
Vis-n-vis, Face to face.
Vivaiit Rex et Regina ! Long live
the king and queen!
Viva voce. With the voice.
Vive etvivnt. Live and let live.
Vive la bagatelle! Success to trifies.
Vive le Roi ! Long live thi King I
Voild ! There arc, Behold !
Volo, non valeo, I am willing, but
unable.
Viito vita viea. My life is devoted.
Vox populi. The voice of the people.
Vraisemblance, True representation.
Vulgd, Commonly, vulgarly.
> 1
THE END.
■juili