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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 32X 
 
 J'! W fe #wfe»^^ iM Bil M te^«fefe.j^ 
 
?■•» 
 
 - . ♦ 
 
 G0L(J/AB1 
 
 iit -iii 
 
 SAbnON 
 
 '^::^1 
 
 COl'VRUiHTEI) IMt') 
 
 ALL RUiHTS RKvSERVEU. 
 
 
 1LLBSTRA1 
 WITH PH0' 
 VIEWS— -^ 
 
 J. H. B 
 
.Nk 
 
 'W 
 
 )L(J/AB1A RIVER 
 
 •ife ^ ^ 
 
 \0N • nSHlNG 
 
 ILLBSTRATEB 
 
 WITH PH0T0GRAPHie 
 
 ASTORIA. eREG0N. 
 
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 v^v/-^'^^ 
 
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 ry 
 
 imiitr AMj t mui i uwaa g w ii jmi a m ^^s— 
 
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 PRBPA 
 
 The attractiveness of exhibits is in sorr 
 
 as well as to the interest which they are capub 
 
 utility, as the case may be, of the articles exhib 
 
 World's Fair in Chicago was a notable mstanc 
 
 more wide-spread attention than any other of 1 
 
 the animal, vegetable or mineral kingdoms, i 1 
 
 ductive of interest when placed in terms of con 
 
 of the age in the industrial, mechanical and d€ 
 
 thought, is easily explainable: In addition to 
 
 of the finny tribe, the great salmon fishing ind 
 
 in a unique manner, a series of i)hotographi 
 
 an unending sou.ce of admiration and instruct 
 
 these views bound in album form have been so 
 
 vield to a demand whi*-h has become almost imp 
 
 brief explanations thereof. In presenting this 
 
 to those unfamiliar with the salmon fishing in 
 
 . sight into the various methods of catching the 
 
 digenous to the waters of the great river of tlu 
 
 practical operation of the cannery from the ar 
 
 market. Numerous articles on the subject 
 
 authorities,but the author's modest little volu 
 
 bluing, with a thorough yet conservative des 
 
 the'attractive and convincing proofs of its abs 
 
 photographic views with which the work is illu 
 
 ing the dailv routine of work throughout the 
 
 toavoid botii exaggeration and the advertising 
 
 t,.n-ste.l in salm.m canning. With this exph 
 
 prove in some small degree, both interesting 
 
mammtiBUim* 
 
 ^^ 
 
 \\i 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 .,<yi 
 
 -t5>- 
 
 I exhibits is in some measure proportioiuite to their rarity, 
 ,ich they are capable of inspiring by reason of the beauty or 
 .f the ar'ticles exhibited. Oregon's Fisheries d.sp ay at the 
 , a notable instance of this fact, for it attracted probably 
 than any other of the almost innumerable collections from 
 .eral kingdoms. That an exhibit of fish should prove so pro- 
 eed in tenns of competition with the highest achievements 
 mechanical and decorative arts, however anomalous at hist 
 ie In addition to a large and varied assortment of members 
 salmon fishing industry of the Columbia River was explained 
 He of photogmphic views, the work of the writer, provmg 
 ^tion L\ ii:;truction. Since that time (1H9;5), the c^l s or 
 form have been so numerous that the author has cone udedto 
 , become almostimperativcand publish the series,t<^et^>erwiU. 
 
 In presenting this volume it is the author's intentioi to give 
 e salmon fishing industry on the lower Columbia a s hght in- 
 K>ds of catching the Chinook and other varieties of salmon n- 
 1,0 great river of the west, together with an explanation of he 
 
 nnery from the arrival of the salmon until it is ready for the 
 .les on the subject have been written heretofore by competent 
 .modest little volume will stan<l alone as the on y work com- 
 H conservative description of Columbia river salmon fishing 
 ^ng proofs of its absolute correctness contained in the series ot 
 Inch the work is illustrated. All of these views were taken dur 
 .vk throughout the fishing season, and due care has been a^en 
 
 Hn<l the advertising of the business of any of those directly n- 
 . With this explanation the author trusts his efforts will 
 'e, both interesting and instructive. ''• H. Bratt. 
 
 •<>-»-^ 
 
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 timtm 
 
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 jiMiiiliirii I' , riri'-irfit<i ^mlMm 
 
 ii^U 
 
 \ 
 
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 . > v>« ^-►-o- •-<» •-•* 
 
 Astoria Fro 
 
 -!iST(^IUA'S cominantliug location as tl 
 
 ic Nm-lhwe^'t is too gentn-ally recognized t( 
 
 croaso ok' her commercial relations with 
 
 or more especially since the completion of t 
 
 fyingmore eloquently than pen can descrilx 
 
 of commerce, and pointing with prophetic 
 
 not he amiss, however, to emphasize the fac 
 
 bor on the Tacitic coast north of San Franc 
 
 by the latter, among which may he conside 
 
 beneficial to shipping after an extended vo 
 
 miles, a bo(iy of water eight miles in width 
 
 rivers of the world— (a river which with it? 
 
 per cent of the entire United States)— Astt)] 
 
 the North Pacific Coast must be admitte 
 
 advantages bestowed by nature- with sucli 
 
 . surmountable between her and the goal i 
 
 for>\'ard with confidence to an. early realize 
 
 in the commercial marts of_ the world tir 
 
 excellence of the Royal Chinook Salmon 
 
 other salmon of the world and caught onl.v 
 
 canning industry has been extensively cari 
 
 tutes, ol course, \he chief l)usiness of the ci 
 
 and producing an annual revenue of over 5 
 
 the highest price in both homeland foreign 
 
 n l"nlVl'oin"'-Fort Stevens and Jatty In ihe D.nance. 
 Ill Canuerles and Net Racks. 
 
 Q/^-K^-^^-t 
 
 v 3 M Mill - ^ , J J , Mil ^ S i ^I0 tt i[ 'I ,?. I,. ' " 
 
 < ^ #«tr«J!^j«]^i?» w 
 
 ] 
 

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 •"■>-• -^^ «v-« •> • ^'-•-O * <•' • *>-«-<^-*"^-*. -♦-* 
 
 lAstoria From the East. 
 
 • 1 
 
 iii^!; lociition as the future nuiritiinu /nctropolis of the Pacit- 
 rally n'('(>mii/(.M| ti) renuiro any extciulod doHCi'iption, the in- 
 >1 reiatiuiis with other countries durinji; the past Um years, 
 tlie coiiiplelion of the great .jetty at the moutli of the river, testi- 
 au pelican describe to her paramount importance in the world 
 nu with p)"ophetic Hnger to a certain gh)rious future. It may 
 
 emphasize the fact that Astoria has indisputably the tinest har- 
 lorth of ,San Francisco. Hhe has, too, advantages not possi^ssed 
 ich may be considered the fresh wat(;r of the great Colutnbia, so 
 ter an extended voyage. With a river frontage of almost six 
 ight miles in width, a location at the gateway of one of the tinest 
 river which with its tributaries drains a territory comprising 2.'* 
 nited States) — Astoria's claims to future maritime supremacsy on 
 It must be admitted as reasonable and the logical outcome of 
 / nature- with such a lavish hand. With no obstacles not easily 
 her and the goal of her ambit'on, .Vsturia's 10,000 citizens look 
 i to an. early realization of their brightest hopes. Astoria's name 
 ts of the world tirst became famous because of the unrivaled 
 
 Chinook Salmon, which is the acknowledged superior of all 
 Id and caught (Utly in the waters of the Columbia. The salmon, 
 en extensively carried on here for over two decades, andconsti- 
 f business of the city, giving employment to nearly 40(X) persons, 
 ai revenue of over $2, 225,000. The Chinook salmon commands 
 
 1 home and foreign market.s, its superiority consisting in firmness 
 
 nd .Fetty in ihe Distance 
 
 » 
 
 
 \ 
 
 ^. 
 

 , c.,->»*— •-=►♦'>—*• •*• 
 
 .,-,•«•*■• o •■<»■ ' 
 
 of flesh, a dflicacy of flavor peoul.arly .t- own. 
 developed Chinook vari.s greatly in we ght 7. 
 beinVtaken, and the smallest being m the r 
 fis howeve;, weighs from 22 to 2o ,,ound« an 
 vea , according to the opinions advanced by st 
 Tari^us limes bran.led young Ash •« »..ch a r^ 
 'd.en again captnrod, and by that means fur, 
 o t"e cherished theory that the Chu.ook sain 
 only returns to its native waters to spawn, and 
 
 '""in'Iddition to the Chinook, three other y 
 
 bia ri-er, vi.: The Blue-back, the Steel-head 
 
 scarcely equal to the Chinook, are superior te 
 
 command a price accordingly. A compreher 
 
 ofX salmon industry of the Columbia may 
 
 are sixteen canneries located m Astona, wh, 
 
 ton shore at intervals for n'f"y '"''f"/. ' ; 
 
 the last eleven years (from 1884 o 1894 .... h 
 
 ^4.464 pounds or over half a m.l ,on ease 
 
 be interesting to note, has a duration of fo m 
 
 il August lOth, after which date and un 1 
 
 "salmon. Fall fishing (during the month 
 
 ber), is carried on to some extent by a few c> 
 
 tfon from August 10th to April 10th .s gene, 
 
 season usually being so light as to rende pa 
 
 ■ ■ There are three devices for catching 
 
 j These are the gill-net, the trap and the sem. 
 
 i confined to such an extent as to render 1 
 
 i used with great financial success to the own 
 
 i Tntte slaughter of the fish. Of the fishing i 
 
.......o.-. .->•<'* — ' "*" 
 
 t .rfV • ^W • -> ♦*>•**! 
 
 ► *V • *V • -Tfc^ • 
 
 "1 
 
 ■:r''t 'birfthe "ig o horot tonUna^. The av.,ra«e 
 4.„'>oa,>d» and U supposed to have attained it, tcurth 
 
 „„ ad vaC by .tudo..t,of piscary, «un.e of whom bavo ut 
 lon, advai»,ea y ^^^^^^^ ^l_ _^ ^^^,,^ rocognvsahie 
 
 :' that mrn tu™ hod .ircu.n-.antial evidence in support 
 Al 1 nrook salmon, with co.nparatively tew exceptions 
 ;lttsto"X.-'' '•-' '-^-"y is reached in the space ot 
 
 n«nk three other varieties o( salmon are taken in the Colmn- 
 '!^k U e steT-head and the Silver-side. These var.eUes, while 
 
 's;S;':i^ .^^rr.5^^"■=^'^■ 
 ££-^^:!^.'■:■'c^?F^B£^■ 
 
 I 
 
 1' 
 
 Hia ii in i l ii l^ 
 
 

 . •-O'-^-o- • ->■ 
 
 lar fishing season, it is estimated that there 
 These, together with the boats, have a value a 
 and represent probably one-third of che capits 
 
 Astoria Frotr 
 
 I 
 
 Tmj 
 
 *HIS view shows where the proposed sea-wa 
 row neck of land known as Tongue Point a 
 From this point to the westerly end of the cii 
 a distance of nearly six miles, the water van. 
 and is of sufficient area to accommodate the c 
 
 J. 0. Hanthoi 
 
 I 
 
 J. 0. Hanthorn's Cannery, located at th 
 familiarly known as Upper Astoria. 
 
 The location of the canneries with refer 
 
 determined by the channel, the course of w 
 
 ous in places and deflectod by the rocky pro 
 
 reason the subject of this illustration, as wil 
 
 from shore, the intervening apace between 
 
 a roadway and net racks. The latter is an i 
 
 used in drying and repairing the i ets. Ui 
 
 standard, this cannery packs about a quarte 
 
 employment for 300 persons, including mer 
 
 These include recoiving, weighing, dressing, 
 
 ing, labeling and packing (in cases of 48 pov 
 
 for shipment. 
 
 
_^-«-o^-o-*-^^ 
 
 ..♦--> ♦-O'-^'O- • ■>- 
 
 .timated that there are 1500 gill-nets, 20 seines and 300 t^^^^^^^^^ 
 fats, have a value approximately of over half a milhon dollars 
 o-third of the capital invested in the industry. 
 
 storia From the We5t. 
 
 ■.\^-r--i::- II 
 
 the proposed sea-wall will he begun on the East near the nar- 
 n! Tongue Point and so called from its tongue-like formation. 
 
 sterly end of the city, at that portion known as Smith s point, 
 ■l:: 'the water variel in depth from 25 to' 55 feet at low tide, 
 
 accommodate the combined navies of the world. 
 
 0. Hanthorn's Cannery. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ,nery. located at the eastern end of the city, or in what is 
 
 'al.ner?es with reference to their distances from terra f rma > 
 rie course of which, like the shore-line, ^^^^^^^^ 
 •d bv the rockv promontory known as Tongue Point, t or this 
 
 :ti!:::':^i::iswiiibese.i, is ^^^rrTij::::^^^ 
 
 ,ing apace between the cannery and the shore being "^ i^-^^ -O^ 
 
 The latter is an indispensable adjunct of every cannery and s 
 
 ■ • \^ Z Durin/a reason in which the catch is up to the 
 
 ■,i» ■*»>»• » •-<»>■< 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
~M'M'M'M'ilt~»T'T^"'t"tW'tK"M 
 
.♦■^ » ♦ « ■» ♦■^1 »»«»>i»iO»*"i*' 
 
 
 Elmore's Ca 
 
 IV 
 
 But two of the canneries doing an extensix 
 
 shown in this work. These will, however, he 
 
 This view also shows [1] Scarborough Hill, 1 
 
 nially covered with nature's verdant carpet, as i 
 
 wooded Washington shore; [2] Desdemona Islar 
 
 and south channels of the river a short distance 
 
 (the location of Fort Canby); [4] Point Adams, 
 
 Stevens, one of the most beautiful of the govern 
 
 jetty; and [5] the entrance to the Columbia rive 
 
 The cannery in the foreground of the pictur 
 
 the kind in operation on the lower river. It was 
 
 ity is 57,500 cans of one pound each, which wou 
 
 obtained, to nearly 6,000,000 pounds for the seas 
 
 the large canning establishments can obtain su 
 
 reach the limit of their capacities from day to 
 
 so great as to compel packers to limit each of th 
 
 of salmon on the Columbia, i. e., the price paid 
 
 steadily increased since the inception of the c 
 
 pound is the ruling rate. This is fixed by the 
 
 Union, an organization established in 188() and 
 
 In addition to the island (Desdemona) refe 
 
 sand can be seen in the Columbia* between Ast< 
 
 Sand Island, and has a length of three miles, ^ 
 
 Its existence is also due to the action of the nor 
 
 ward of this island almost all the trap fishing i 
 
 ing ^ f the lower Columbia. The traps, to tl 
 
 known as Baker's Bay. and dot the water at 
 
 westward of Scarborough Hill and eastward of 
 
 »--*■ » I » »^-#"»^ 
 
 >..^'^-*"«>-»'0'*^ <- ♦-< 
 
 i,J./^^i 
 
 I 
 
1 
 
 1 
 
 ■^N^ "»- •"^^ •--^ • •*>>- *■ •>-« <*■ •-^O- 4 
 
 BImore's Cannery. 
 
 IV 
 
 doing an extensive business in Astoria are prominently 
 
 will, however, be sufficient for purposes of illustration. 
 
 •Scarborough Hill, the griceful slope of which is peren- 
 
 erdant carpet, as if to relieve the otherwise monotonously 
 
 I] Desdemona Island, a sand formation between the north 
 
 er a short distance below Astoria; [3] Cape Disappointment 
 
 [4] Point .Adams, the promontory on which stands Fort 
 
 itiful of the government reservations, and the government 
 
 < the Columbia i-iver. 
 
 round of the picture is the most westerly establishment of 
 lower river. It was established in 187(5, and its daih' capac- 
 nd each, which would amount, if the supply of fish could be 
 pounds for the season. It is seldom, however, that any of 
 ents can obtain sufficient raw material to enable thom to 
 cities from day to day, although at times the run of fish is 
 1 to limit each of their boats to a given number. The price 
 i. e., the price paid by the canner to the fisherman, has 
 } inception of the canning industry, until now five cents per 
 lis is fixed by the Columbia River Fishermen's Protective 
 )lished in 188() and having a present membership of 1800. 
 
 I (Desdemona) referred to above, another and larger tract of 
 imbia* between Astoria and the ocean. This is known as 
 th of three miles, with a breadth of less than one-half mile, 
 ie action of the north and south channels. To the north- 
 
 II the trap fishing is carried on, as well as much of the sein- 
 The traps, to the nuni' ':'r of 300, are located in what is 
 
 dot the water at close intervals over the large expanse 
 11 and eastward of Fort Canby. 
 
 «■- *~**-»-4 
 
 J 
 
Drying and Men< 
 
 L 
 
 Gill-nets vary in length and depth accon 
 
 water in which he proposes to operate. Few a] 
 
 proportion are 1800 feet, and have a depth of ; 
 
 important item of expense, and not infrequer 
 
 abandon his net in order to save what is inti 
 
 attendant upon fishing near the ocean being ni 
 
 taken. The more venturesome of the n en alh 
 
 to the river; some sail boldly out to the ocean 
 
 first of the flood tide, when salmon are usually 
 
 breakers at Sand Island and too often fall victi 
 
 The size of the gill-net mesh is determine 
 
 from 7 to 10 inches. During the early part ( 
 
 generally used, but from June to August, whei 
 
 possess a net of each (ilass, use that having tht 
 
 cost from $275 to $300, and consists of froi 
 
 pounds of rope (on which are attached the lea 
 
 to 2«J0 pounds of lead and 4r>0 to 550 floats. > 
 
 lines attached to top and bottom respective!; 
 
 ning solution, and by this process the twine n 
 
 be less readily seen by the salmon as they hei 
 
 newed several times during a season, and pro\ 
 
 serving effect on the twine. With the best of 
 
 after two years' use, being frequently brok- 
 
 freshet season. The work of repairing, whic 
 
 considerable time, and must be done with gre 
 
 ined and the smallest defect remedied. 
 
 »-- •-0-* -«j^»-<--» 
 
 , <, ■• <> • -■• 
 
► • •-^> •-«> ) 
 
 ■• --V «-<*.-•-*%-«- o.^ 4 
 
 I— ♦-■^>-» ^ »^ ■ O-^^ 
 
 ig and Mending the Nets. 
 
 "1 
 
 and depth according to the means of the owner and the 
 
 to operate. Few are less tlian 1400 feet long, while a large 
 have a depth of from 20 to 35 feet. A large gill-net is an 
 , and not infrequently the hardy fisherman is compelled to 
 save what is infinitely more precious — his life — the risks 
 
 the ocean heing many, without regard to what care may be 
 ome of the n en allow their nets to drift ac^-oss the entrance 
 ly out to the ocean and endeavor to secure a haul before the 
 
 salmon are usually plentiful; while still others approach the 
 I too often fall victims of their own temerity. 
 
 mesh is determined by the caprice of the owner, and varies 
 [ig the early part of the season the small mesh net is most 
 ane to August, when the tish are uniformly large, those who 
 use that having the larger medh. The material ii'i these nets 
 nd consists of from 190 to ii40 pounds of twine, 140 to 150 
 ire attached the lead sinkers and corks or cedar floats), 160 to 
 too to 550 floats. When a net is made and the cork and lead 
 bottom respectively, it is immersed in a tank containing tan- 
 process the twine is hardened and colored in such a way as to 
 salmon as they head up stream. The tanning process is re- 
 ; a season, and proves a source of economy, because of thecon- 
 With the best of care a gill-net becomes almost worthless 
 g frequently broken by large fish and torn by snags during 
 of repairing, which is performed on the net racks, requires 
 it be done with great care, every portion being minutely exam- 
 it remedied. 
 
 \ 
 
 
 mam 
 
I 
 
 S • -rf*-.»-*^» -o- < 
 
 Loading th 
 
 VI 
 
 This illustration shows the manneV in \Nhic 
 is transferred from the rack into the boat. Tin 
 together, the whole body of the not being galhc 
 bo"vt-tender, who with the greatest precision dis 
 a manner as to make the casting of it a simple 
 
 Fishing With 
 
 VII 
 
 The subject of this photograph is a fisl 
 making another drift or starting tor the cannei 
 (most of the salmon fishing being done during 
 by his good or ill luck on previous occasions, \ 
 for or against certain portions of the river, 
 allowed to drift four or five miles anil the mc 
 attendant or boat-puller to row across the curr 
 boat and pays out the net, taking care to see 
 come entangled. On th(> end first let out is at 
 other end is secured in the boat, and as soon a 
 the evenly distributed weight of the lead-lin^ 
 ion for its entire distance. From time to tim< 
 the net examined. By raising it slightly in \ 
 firih have been captured, and if so, they are r 
 lisiht approaches the work is abandoned by m 
 for rest after depositing their catch at eithe 
 hastily improvise canvas coverings for their 
 comfJrtable sleeping quarters, where they are 
 
 / 
 
 y 
 
I 
 
 «-£^i^:^J|^<V^'P% V 
 
 -TT 
 
 Loading the Nets. 
 
 1 
 ♦ 
 
 * 
 
 VI 
 the manneV in \\h\ch the net, after heing repaired and dried, 
 into the boat. The sides, ur cork and h-ad lines, are pUiced 
 the not being gathered in and passed over the roller to the 
 •eatest prt-cision disposes .f it in the stern of the boat in such 
 sting of it a simple task. 
 
 shing With the Qillnet. 
 
 VII 
 
 hotograph is a lishcrman hnuling in his net preparatory to 
 rtijig^'ror the cannery. In shaping his program for the night 
 heing done during darkness) . a Hshorman is frecjuently guided 
 re-ious occasions, past experiences tending to prejudice him 
 tions of the river. After heing oast, the net i. sometimes 
 •e miles and the modus operandi is as follows: Directing the 
 row across the current, the fisherman stands in the stern of the 
 taking care to see that the lead-line an<l cork line do n.)t be- 
 ,ul first let out is attached a small wooden buoy, while the 
 boat, and as soon as the net has been cast the drift begins, 
 ight of the lead-line holding the net in a perpendicular posit- 
 "Prom time to time the boat is rowed along the cork-hue and 
 ^ing it slightly in places, the fishermen assertain whether any 
 id if so, thev "are removed and the drift proceeds. As day- 
 is abandoned bv most of the men, some going to their homes 
 heir catch at either the cannery or fish station, while others, 
 coverings for their boats and convert them into moderately 
 ers where they are rocked quietly to sleep after their morning 
 
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 mettl lui^< boon partiikoii of. Evorv Ixmt is |>i-ovi< 
 rendoriiif: ii trip iioiiiu fur UnA uniifn-ssary, flioul 
 the HtiUiun and r»;suino tiiuir toilsoun' work !itt»'r \ 
 of the husinef<s are xincrrlain, catchei* buiii},' maiie 
 while at other tiinoH barely ><uilicieiit are Hocun-ii i 
 
 Coming In with 
 
 VIII 
 
 Residents of Astoria are tn'at*;d daily duri 
 Bight, and one of whose beauties they never weary 
 iiig grounds, it is not unusual to see as many as o 
 white sails glistening, in the sun and forming a pi 
 
 Waiting for tl 
 
 IX 
 
 The boats are here reproduced as they lie at j 
 catch has been unloaded at the tishing station, 
 the boat sail, and is securely fastened in a manne 
 man. The photograph was taken near Sand 'Is 
 resting place for the men. and on the comparativ 
 these little floating homci; may be seen. 
 
 FishiniT St 
 
 The photograph show? the Kooeiving Scow, o 
 seiners and trappers deliver their catches to thost 
 have such stations convenient to the fishing j 
 
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 vory boat is provide.' willi nlovi^ and fvxtkiiijr uteiisilH, 
 uniieci'Hsai y, f^liould ilic u vu pi-elVr to l«'av«> tlifir tisli ut 
 .11.^)111.' work :ift»;r i-iirtiil<iiiK '>? tV"'d ii»»<i reft. Tin; protits 
 'iitclu'!^ iK-iiij; iiui'lc i.coasioiKilly iij^^rtipitiii^' :!<-*M> poiiixU, 
 liiii'iit iiru Hccuri'tl tf) i):iy t!u' ri'piiirs to the not. 
 
 Ing in with the Catch. 
 
 VIII 
 
 tri'uttnl daily during' th»j fishing 8oa«ou to a picturesque 
 iti they never weary, (ioing to and returning from the tisli- 
 to see as! many an 'yOO boats scud<iing hri«kly along, their 
 11 and forming a picture that delights the eye. 
 
 Waiting for the Tide. 
 
 IX ^- 
 
 uced as they lie at anchor wailing for the ebb tide after the 
 lie Hshing station. The awning is sometimes made out of 
 astened in a manner peculiar to the Columbia river fi.siier- 
 iken near Sand Ishind in "iktr's Hay, which is a favorite 
 on the comparatively ph.. M waters of whi^h hundreds of 
 V be seen. 
 
 FishiniT Station. 
 
 e Koeelving 8cow, or Fishing Station, whore the gill-netlers, 
 ;ieir catches to those of the oanners who find it advisable to 
 n to the fishing grounds. In addition to being a great 
 
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 accommodation to the fishermen, canners find the 
 luctance of manv of the former to remrn daily t( 
 p]ertifully. Where a scow is converted into a fisl 
 two rooms is huilt on <leck. One of these rooms ser 
 the other is used as a kitchen and for sleepinjr apai 
 ted and weighed when received, ?nd tlie station is 
 {))uiiger in which the fish are bronght to the cannei 
 
 Seining — Loading: 
 
 XI 
 
 This method of taking sahiion is generally a p 
 verses are sometimes met with. The seiners are m 
 the water is low. but an early summer following he 
 during the winter previous, invariably causes a hea 
 injury to the seiner. The outfit of a seiner consists 
 scow and a flat-bottomed boat, and his operations 
 portions of the beach or slightly submergecl islands 
 tunity of hauling up the seine and removing the fis 
 are about 1500 feet long, and vary in depth from lo fe 
 They contain (joO pounds of twine, 200 pounds of n 
 upwards of SlOOO. The photographs vere taken at 
 
 *^v 
 
 Pushing 
 
 V-'" .;--,■.:;:": l':" XII 
 
 The launching of one of the flat-bottomed boat 
 ing that is not accomplished without much difficult 
 After being loaded (with +he seine) the boat is h 
 
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 4 *» m .»» 
 
swss 
 
 • «> • **■ ■ 4^ • *> « 
 
 1, canners find the outlay p'ontable, because of the re- 
 to return daily to the city when salmor. are running 
 ;onverted into a fisliing station, a small house cont&ining 
 ) of these rooms serves for a receptacle for the tish, while 
 id for sleeping apartmenl.-:. Salmon are classified, coun- 
 rnd the station is visited <laily by a gasoline launch or 
 ought to the oannerv. 
 
 g — Loading: the Seine. 
 
 XI 
 
 on is generally a profitable one, although financial re- 
 
 The seiners are most fortunate during those years when 
 immer following heavy falls of snow in the mountains 
 iriably causes a heavy freshet and consequent financial 
 
 of a seiner consists of ten men, four horses, seine, a large 
 , and his o{)erations are necessarily confined to favorable 
 
 submerged islands, which at low tide afford an oppor- 
 nd removing the fish. The seiin^s used in the Columbia 
 
 in depth from 15 feet at the ends to 1(30 feet in the center. 
 16, 200 pounds of rope and 150 pounds of lead, and cost 
 aphs vere taken at Sand Island seining grounds. 
 
 Pushing Off. 
 
 XII 
 
 flat-bottomed boats used by the seiners, is an undertak- 
 liout much difficulty and expenditure of muscular force, 
 eine) the boat is left stranded until the tide is flooding, 
 
 
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 ft. v*^* * 
 
 « m ■ #* . tf^ • €\.i tt 
 
 I 
 
 im 
 
 *'i 
 
when the crew await their opportunity and take advant 
 them in getting it sufficiently far out to permit of the i 
 
 Taking out the S< 
 
 Xlli 
 
 On starting out to make a haul, one end of the s 
 horse is hitched, while the boat's crew row out until al 
 the boat is rowed down stream and gradually shorewan 
 the seine forms a semi-circle. Another horse is then ca 
 up the beach. As soon as there is room, a third horse 
 No. 2, then No. 1 is taken off che end and follows No. 3 
 beach, which is but 200 feet wide, is reached. Meanw 
 has gradually been hauled down stream until the ends 
 
 V» 
 
 
 Hauling In. 
 
 XIV 
 
 This photograph shows the hauling ashore of th 
 formed as described in the foregoing. 
 
 Tlie Haul. 
 
 'XV 
 
 When the seine has been hauled in so that the lea( 
 the center, or widest portion still remains in the water 
 reaches shore in due course, and the fish taken ou 
 These hauls are generally made between tides, and for ( 
 be considered a good catch, from three to four hauls ma 
 
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 ity and take advantage of the receding wavea to assist 
 It to permit of the use of the oars. 
 
 ig out the Seine. 
 
 xni 
 
 ul, one end of the seine is left on shore, and to this a 
 ew row out until all the seine is in the water. Then 
 gradually shoreward until, when the beach is reached, 
 ther horse is then called into requsition, and is driven 
 oom, a third horse is attached about fifty ^et behind 
 d and follows No. 3, and so on until the head of the 
 8 reached. Meanwhiie the other end of the seine 
 earn until the ends meet, thus completing the circle. 
 
 iauling In. 
 
 XIV 
 
 uling ashore of the seine after the circle has been 
 
 The Haul. 
 
 xv 
 
 I in so that the lead and cork lines are on the shore, 
 mains in the water inabag-like formation. This also 
 the fish taken out, when the work is again begun, 
 ireen tides, and for one "outing" 1500 pounds would 
 "ee to four hauls made each outing. 
 
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 Ask for Bratt's DeacriptiTe Photo Album 
 
 MTM PJW»!«"'Pi»— >'»'<!^Bff»i- 1 I Jig-l! [JJIW 
 
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 The Seiner's S 
 
 XVI 
 
 These scows are the abode of both man and horf 
 in one of which, the men cook and sleep, the other s 
 ally kept near shore and rest on the sand at low tide 
 
 Trapping. 
 
 XVII 
 
 If a good location can be secured the fish trap is 
 device in use on the lower Columbia. The first coat 
 are destroyed by the large quanlllies of drift that ar< 
 season, liarge trees, brought down by the force of n 
 six miles per hour, occasionally lodge between the p 
 and soon demolish the entire structure. This mean 
 and indirectly very much more. The trap consists 
 heart, the tunnel and the pot. The lead is forme 
 to .'500 feet long, and along these.. from the sand or b 
 high water mark, stretching netting which has bee 
 poses of preservation. At the end of the lead is the 
 or trap web, in the shape of the organ from which it 
 narrow end, the heart opens into the tunnel, which i 
 and tapering toward the pot, a distance of ten feet, 
 tunnel is almost two feet in diameter, the other em! 
 fish are secure, the action of the water on the small 
 being such as to make escape almost, if not quite, i 
 against the web with which the lead is constructed, i 
 following the lead, in a few moments are in the heart 
 means uf esca[)e, they reach the o[)ening known as th 
 
 t 3 . 9. «; 
 
 C S s E. S 
 
 i 
 
m 
 
 le Seiner's Scow. 
 
 XVI ' \ ■ 
 
 both man and horse, and are divided into two parts, 
 id sleep, the other serving as a stable. They are gene)-- 
 he sand at low tide. 
 
 Trapping. 
 
 XVII - . :. : 
 
 ired the fish trap is the most profitable salmon catching 
 ibia. The first coat is considerable, and frequently traps 
 lies of drift that are carried toward the ocean in freshet 
 \\\ bv the force of a current having a velocitv of five or 
 odge between the piles on which the trap is suspended, 
 riicture. This means a direct loss of from SCtlK) to §1000, 
 The trap consists of four parts, vi/: The lead, the 
 The lead is formed by driving a row of piles from 200 
 .from the sand or bottom of the river to a point above 
 ting which has been previously coated with tar for pur- 
 d of the lead is the heart, also constructed of netting, 
 )rgan from which it derives its name. At the lower or 
 the tunnel, which is also formed of web without ends, 
 stance often feet. At its junction with the latter, the 
 eter, the other end being four feet, hut onoe inside, the 
 water on tlie small aperture through whicix they enter 
 lost, if not quite, impossible. Salmon when they run 
 ead is constructed, immediately head for deep water, and, 
 entsarein the heart. Swimmingaround this looking for a 
 [)ening known as the tunnel, and through this they dash 
 
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 into the pot. The hitler portion of t)'e trap if forty ft 
 bottom of netting, ,so that when the fish are reniovec 
 out of the water. Altogothor the trap is an ingeni 
 abundant source of revenue, if its location is good, 
 his property escape destruction from tlie causes refer 
 perliaps l)t' better understood by referring to the plai 
 A. S. Toe, civ'l engineer of Astoria. 
 
 Lifting: the Ti 
 
 XVIII 
 
 The operation of removing the salmon from the 
 the raising of the pot out of the water. This don< 
 and as easily reached. A single trap reipiires the at 
 ally paid from !?40 to ^itO per montli each, but can, i 
 trap. 
 
 Unloading: the 
 
 XIX 
 
 This shows the manner of unloading the boats, 
 the cannery. Lines with hooks and baskets attachei 
 minutes are sulhcient to transfer the catcli to the ca 
 weighed and then left in charge of the clonncrs. 
 
 Columbia River Fis! 
 
 XX 
 
 The boats used by the fishermen of the Columl 
 selves and especially adapted to the service in which 
 with a view to enable them to live through the st 
 lower Columbia, and are the outcome of continued 
 are known universally as the Columbia River fishing 
 
> *^ * «v « ^y < 
 
 • <« • ^ • <s . 
 
 f t)'e trap is forty feotsquaro, and unlike tlielieartjias a 
 he fish are removed it is only necessary to raise the pot 
 3 trap is an ingenious device, and one that proves an 
 i location is good, and the owner fortunate in having 
 ■om the causes referred to ahove. Its contitruction will 
 referring to the plan over this photograph, drawn by Mr. 
 
 la. 
 
 Jfting the Trap. 
 
 XVI II 
 
 16 salmon from the trap is simple, being perfornKHJ bv 
 ? water. This done, the Hsb arc as if in a huge dip-net 
 trap retpiires the attention of two men. These are usu- 
 ntii each, but can, if noccs-iary, attend to more than one 
 
 loading: the Fish. 
 
 XIX 
 
 doading the boats, when the fi^h are brought direct to 
 md baskets attached are let down to the boat and a few 
 the catch to the cannevv. where thev are immediatelv 
 )f the clonners. 
 
 a River Fishing Boat. 
 
 ■ = ^: XX 
 
 lien of the Columbia are of a design peculiar to them- 
 he service in which they are engaged. They are built 
 ive through the storms occasionally pre"alont on the 
 ome of continued expe; iments for njany years. They 
 umbia River fishing boat, are pointed at each end, 25 
 
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 Descriptive Photo Albnm of Oolnmlm Btrer Ilaliiiif Soenee. 
 
 
 L 
 
 
 4 A 
 
 U 
 
.^W J*** -ffjJW^. I 
 
 fT 
 
 *Aa»| 
 
 feet long, with a beam of from seven to eight fe 
 pounds, and cost $250 each. When well handlec 
 taken by the men too often result in fatal acci 
 rivei-ifishermen, due almost entirely to accidents 
 exceptionally stormy seasons has been known 1 
 engaged. Sudden squalls are of course responsib 
 a majority of the fatalities are generally due dire 
 ness or a combination qf both. The more daring 
 drifting too close in shore, perish in the attem 
 breakers the chances in favor of rescue are exceec 
 crews of Fort CanlSy and Point Adams comprise 
 branches of the life-saving service on the Pacific 
 helping hand can be outstretched to the unfortui 
 temerity. 
 
 A Choice Spt 
 
 XXI 
 
 The great size sometimes attained by the Re 
 erence to the accompanying photograph, which 
 picture was taken for the purpose of showing th 
 Chinook of more than average weight. • 
 
 Scow To 
 
 XXII 
 
 Many of the unmarried fishermen reside in t 
 necessity of paying house rent, while enjoying tl 
 being able to change its location at will. by lakir 
 their scows wherever fancy dictates. The owner 
 or beach their homes near each other, and he 
 
 '♦« » >» 
 
1' iJi*lHI - - 
 
 "H 
 
 1 seven to eight feet, have a carrying capacity- of 600() 
 
 When well handled they are safe boais, but the great riBks 
 
 re.^ult in fatal accidents. The mortality among Columbia 
 
 itiroly to accidents or foolhardiness, is usually high, and in 
 
 has been known to reach almost ^ per cent of the men 
 
 of course responsible for the capsizing of many boats, but 
 
 i generally due directly to either inexperience or foolhardi- 
 
 . The more daring of the men favor the shoal water, and 
 
 jrish in the attempt to recover their nets. Once in the 
 
 of rescue are exceedingly doubtful, and while the life-saving 
 
 It Adams comprise probably the best drilled and equipped 
 
 -vice on the Pacific Coast, lives are frequently lost before a 
 
 ;hed to the unfortunate ones who are victims of their own 
 
 '■% 
 
 \ Choice Specimen. 
 
 XXI 
 
 attained by the Royal Chinook will be understooa by ref- 
 photograph, which represents a 65-pound specimen. The 
 pose of showing the comparative dimensions of a gennine 
 e weight. • . 
 
 Scow Town. 
 
 XXII 
 shermen reside in these floating houses and thus avoid the 
 t, while enjoying the dual pleasure of owning a home and 
 ion at will, by taking advantage of the high tides and towing 
 ictates. The owners, if of like nationality, as a rule anchor 
 each other, and hence the name cf Scow Town. The above 
 
 .^ 
 
 h 
 
 % 
 
w 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 At*j}to>~- 
 
 r 
 
 shows such a scene, and the original is to be se 
 more distinct view of one of these scows, mai 
 tasty manner, will be seen by reference to Iliusl 
 
 Chinook S 
 
 xxn 
 
 This represents a cannery scene with a qua: 
 to being cleaned, the beautiful specimen in the ] 
 ing a length of 48 inches with a girth of 44 inc 
 choice specimen of the king of food fishes, weig 
 
 Steelhe^ 
 
 XXV 
 
 Steelhead Salmon, fifteen and twenty poun 
 Chinook in color and flavor, but is not so rich i 
 fact that the head and back are steel color. Tl: 
 of the Chinook, seldom weighin;? more than 
 than ten or fifteen pounds. 
 
 NOTI 
 
 Havipp" critically examined and carefully read the contents oi 
 desciibiii r .c^ Columbia River Salmon fiahinK industry, I find the 
 correct. 
 
 » . « ■ » « » < 
 
" ■ WAIII-WM 
 
 ■•'mim'mmmmmm 
 
 
 V 
 
 original is to be seen near the Scandinavian Cannery. A 
 Df these scows, many of which are built in an exceedingly 
 y reference to Illustration No. 23. 
 
 Chinook Salmon. 
 
 XXIV 
 
 •y scene with a quantity of Royal Chinook Salmon previous 
 il specimen in the foreground weighing 74 pounds and hav- 
 h a girth of 44 inches. Illustration No. 25 shows another 
 of food fishes, weighing 72 pounds. 
 
 Steelheads. 
 
 XXVI 
 
 n and twenty pounds. This species is not unlike the Royal 
 
 but is not so rich in oil as the latter. It is so called fi-om the 
 
 are steel color. The steelhead'does not attain the great size 
 
 ighin;? more than forty pounds, and more frequently less 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 efully read the contents of this Descriptive Photographic Album, illustrating and 
 gahing industry, I find the statistics and statements contained therein authentic and 
 
 HOLLISTER D. McGUIRE, 
 Oregon State Game and Fish Protector. 
 
 V^-V" 
 
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