IMAGE EVALUATBON TEST TARGET (MT-3) ,V^ 1.0 I.I UiUM Hi U^ m - 6" I 2.5 2.2 1.8 11.25 111.4 IIIIIS.6 v. /: y Photograpmc Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. I4S80 (716)873-4503 "•fc^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques T» to The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D D D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur6e et/ou pelliculAo Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Cc toured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relit avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pa^iss blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsquo cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6ti filmAes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentaires; L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ D Pbges de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/oi Pages restaur6es et/ou pelliculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxei Pages d6color6es, tachetAes ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages dttachAes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir QualitA inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du materiel suppitmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible I I Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r^l Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ [~~| Showthrough/ r*! Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ Tl P« oi fil Oi bi th si( ot fir si( or T» sh Tl w M dii en be r't rei mi Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M filmAes A nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 12X 16X 26X aox 24X 28X 32X tails I du odifiar una maga Tha copy filmad hara has baan raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: Vancouver Public Library Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibillty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacifications. Original copias in printad papar covars are filmed beginning with tha front cover and ending on the last page with a printad or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copias are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printad or illustiated impression. The last recorded 'rBme on each microfiche shall contain the s,mbol —^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grAne A la gAnArositA da: Vancouver Public Library Les imagas suivantes ont AtA reproduites avac la plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition et de la nattetA de I'exemplaira filmA, et en conformity avec Ibs conditions du contrat da filmaga. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimAe sont filmAs en commenpant par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la darniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par la second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autras exemplaires originaux sont filmAs en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et an terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ". le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis A des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film^ d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. rrata ;o ^alure, id 1 2 3 1 3 32X 5 6 HEHRING SKA ARBITRATION. APPENDIX TO COUNTEH-CASK OF HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT. VOL. I. TABI.K OF C0NTKNT8, CciiTcspomli'iicr ivHiicitiiij^ iliilc ulsuliiiiiuiiiy I'.iitisli lummis.siiiiuM-n' Ki'imrt ... ... I-H' .Mr, I'lisi.T ti> Ml. HcvlKMt, Si'])tfmbei li;, IHOi' ... ... ... ... • Loril liiMflii'iy 1c> Mr. ll.rlpcrt, •'■•Im!ki i:i. IS'.c; ... ... ... .. 4 .Mr. lliuliurt t.) Lord liumilHjiy, NincMulier !>, 18!>2 ... .. ... •■• '' Afr. Fnsli.Tli. .Mr. Hi-rbcrt, X<jVfmlH'r 9, l.-^itJ ... ... ... •-• '"• Mciii(ir:iii(liiiii soul, by Sir.!. I'iimiwfdlr l.i Mr. Koali-r. .biiiuary 7, ix'^-'' ... ... H> Traiisuilioiis (if lliissimi .In.iiim'in.v '■iinii-lii'.l iii Vnl. I of tl.c .Viiju'iiaix tn llu' riiitcd Stale; 11 \ Mr Adniiis lo Mr. liii.s!', .Inly 22, ]H-2:i f"'^ 15'c913 ( 'a.sc .MiiiiMli'r .>f Kitiiunc lo Minister nf Mariiir, .\iirir.i. l.sjil ... ... ... 1' Minister cif Fiiiiiiiee til r.Miinl, .Aliril in, l,SL>ii... ... ... ... ... 1"> llonril till 'liief .Maim.u'er. Aiail •-'■'!, l«l'i> ... .. ■• ■•• ••■ "' Marcli :!1, 1«LM 18 .\ui;usl :), lH:ill ... ... ... .■■ ••■ ^'O Older-s In K.ali.ik Itlllre, .\u-ilsl 3, IH'-'ll ... ... ... ... ... --H) l!i..il.l t" Cliiel'Miilue^'iT, Mareh 15, 1«2I ... ... ... .. .•■ -' „ „ .Sept.'mipfr 7, lH:il ... ... ... ... ... -- K(-|.tcml*r2il, ISlil ... ... ... ... '-l'.', r,liriinry -J.s, IKU-' ... ... ... •.■ •■• -+ .July :tl, 'S-JJ ... ... ... ... ... -'5 Minister of I'iiuimi- 1(1 liuanl, .ruly IH. !«-':.' ... ... ■•■ ••• ••• -'' .\].ril :;, IHl'-t ... ... ... ... ... -7 Count Nesselrodeto X. S, Morilviiinir, .Vpril 11. 1.S2-4 ... ... ... ... -^ Minister of KiiiiUice til lioard, Se]ili!inlier 4, l«-4 Coniit Xe.sMolrudo iu Minister of I'inain f, .Vngiisl l.S, 1824 I'liK'eeilings of CoiifL'R'Uce. .Inly 21 , l.SL'-l r.onrd to Ktipreiaiiof, Miireli I'll, l>i4ll lioard to .\ilinj; Cliiel Maiia-er. Mareli 20. l.s.'io (.'liic'i' Manager lo IVnzoinan, . I une 211, l.Slil ... Department 111' Commerce to lioard,. lime 111, INO."> (,'iiiueriiiii;,' joantinu of Konrtli Charter ... ... ... ... ••• 42 Opinion ol' ronni-il ,pf .State ... ... ••• ••• ■•• ••■ '- I'roL'Iamatiou ... ... .-. ••• ••• ••• ■•• ■•• '•' lioird to Chief Maiia;jer, .\]iril li, l.~<17 ... ... .•■ ••• ••• 44 Kiachtii Dttieo t.; Hoard, Kelpinmy ,'<. IS17 ... ... ... ... .•• 44 lioard to ChielMana'.'er, Manh .S, ISl:; ... ... ... ... .. 4.'i lioaid to Captain l.'ndakor. .\pril 22, l.S."i:l ... ... ... ... ... 4."i Hoard lo Chief .Mana;;ei'. .\piil 24, 1.S.".4 No\emlifr S. l.'^.Vl ... ... ... ... ... 40 •hiiie .">. IH."'7 .. ... ••• ••• ••■ 47 Chief Manager to Hoard, I liiolier 7, IS."!" ... ... ••• ••• ••■ '■''' .Taniiary i:!. 18,19 ... ... ... ■•• ••• ■"'" May l:!, IHi!" "'" Mniiufjer of .St. I'ttul Island to Chief -Munnger, .lime 211, l.S.V.) ... ... ... -"il Chief >ranaL;er to r.oai.1, .Inly It'i, l«l!:! ... ... ••■ ••• ••• -■■'- Chief Mana.;i'r to Maiia-er of .Sl. I'aul, May 1, 1804 ... ... ... ... ''4 :;i :iii ■Id •11 >i) .ill ir Kiii'iiiucnts ihuiIu'imI l.y tlu' I'liilcil SImIi-^ un iidii.c l.y Uriti-^li Agpiit ... Xdticu liy llrili>li A:,'i'iit, Sfiitniilii'r;l(l, IS'.iL' Mr. FosUT I.. Mr. Tui'iMi. Xnwii.lior ."., IHO-J (iovoriinr-lifncviil (il'Silionii in i Himt NcHwlroili', Fcliniary 1, I.S'Jt* M. I!i.;niril L. i'rivy C'omicillc.r IVsid, .Inly :.', l.SI<» (Kxtrnct) ... llcMinl iH Cliul' Mana.u'fi. IMmi.iry -J.'-', 1 ><•-•_' liCttur iif .lauimvy Ihl'I ... ... ... ■•. ••. ••• ••• liiiriiii <lo 'I'liyll lo .\fr. Allaln^. Diicoiiiliir ."., 1."<--1 lii«tru(liiiiis In liiiuil Stiih'"' VfV(>iuic-mii/.i!r-, •luni' -I, ISi.T- Miiy 27, 1S!)| \..licr liy I'.riti>li A-ciil,Si'iiti'iii!.cr:i(P. ISOl* :\r. F(.-U-rtnMi 'Iui.i.cr, NoviiiiIxT-"., 1S!"1' .Nuliio )>\ llrilWi .\'.:iiit (1 I. Oct.ilior ."1, 1N!>2 c.'i. Ofiniicr :'.. ls!i:i .Mi. I-n-lci In.Mr, 'I'lipl'iT, NnvniitMi l-J. tMI'l' Mr. I'ruiuli I" CiillritiT oi' Ciistiiins, San Knniri.-'id, .\iiiil I, I'^.^l .Mv. ilntVlu Mr. Wiii.loMi. -Inly :;i, IS.'i'.i ... (j.'..^raiiliic:il XoU-.s icl.iliii^ !■ lln' n.>un-> '■ I'milii- Oci-aii, ' " IVliiiii- Si-u, ' Xcirlli-K;i-.turii Ocwiii," ■■ FjiMU'rii drcaii,' tn il.c ni.Miiiiig of the K.\liR'9sioii ' Xoilli-West Cort-nt," .ml U' till' ilr|itli of ISiliiint,' Si .1 iiiiil il- (oiiiH'ctinii Willi till' lli'iiii iiftlii' 1'm( ilic Klfllrll ll.'MVr of M.iy 1(1. iS<;-_' iUld l..l\v nl :\Iinvl; 1, l.'^H.'^ ... Tifaly liclUiM'ii ( ;iv:il I;iil;iili ami Mr.\ic(), .Xnvi'liilur 2", l>i>iS Kxaiin>le» of I'liitL'il Siali-" I'ul.li.' I (ucniiifiit- ami AcU <.f Cn-iv--- in wliiili .-uiiiiu^ U ile.scrilu'il a-- a '■ IIn1ici\ ' Stit-MUMil.'^ mail.- liy cfilaiii wilms.^o in tin- rnind Slates" ('»«<■ rc:ii>fctin,^ llii rriliylnlf Islaiuls. .\:i.'.. rnnipiiiv.l .villi llm-.- piwinii-ly ni.air l>y lln- ^alla• i>cr.^nn,- in (itli.iai ltiliort> .. l,ni.l Salisliniy In Ml •!. M. Ma.nan, May i-, IS'.IL' ... Jlr, .1. M. Mi'rnnii In l.'nl l.'iwlKMy. .hiiiuaiy 1 I, 1.^!':; |;,.jinri 1a Mr. .1. .M. .M.i>ni!!i mi nl..<ri\ati.ms niaiio liy liiin i:i .-:!>L', |i.!rticiilnrly nn llic I'viliVlnlV l.-^laiMl ... Mi-liM.i,,|n;^iral .Xnt.;. l.y Ml. ('. Carpniaci ... K\lrai t.s illiiKtr.itiiij; llir il.iina^;c ilunc l.y ^lal.~ In i:s)i,.ri<-< I'llfir Ill) 111 111' liL' i.:t (iV.-Nll Hd SI) H\ Hi .s:i s."> St .SlUJlO 111-11.; 11.". I -J J IL':; i:!4 l:;,-. I'T 177 BEHlilNG SEA AHBITI{ ATION. Aj)|)t'ii(lix to Coiintor-Casc ol ilcr Miijostv's Govcnimt'iit. Vol. 1. Corrcspondoice relating to the Date of ^iihmittiiig British Commissioners' Report. Xo. 1. Mr. Fu4n- /(. Mr. IfrrlK-rt Sir, D<ii<(rliiHiit vf iilKt' . U'iishi')i;itoti, fiiilniibn- '27, 1S!)2. OX tlic Olli instant, tiic ilay ufli'i- llic ivicipt liy nic ul' tlio iJiintcil (a.-ii^ (if llor Mujusty's CHiVfiiiiiii'iil (iillcil t'l'i- liy tlic )irnvi.siiiMS ni Oh: Ailiilration Treaty ul' I8!»L', in a confidence which I IkiiI ihc liiiiinni- Im Ill/Ill with yow iit tlic l)e|iartiiicnt (pf Stale, I made kmiwn li> y<m tin" |Kiin!iil inqoessinn whiclj liail hccu created ii|Min nie I'V a lia.^ty ami ciirsury exaruinatiun ut that fasi', linl 1 witlilield any fnvnial i-eprcsentatiim nn tlie .--iilijeet until 1 ccaild have an <ip]"irtiinily to lay the laaltei Ijelbre the i'ie>i<lc]il. His ahsenee IV this i;ii)i|,al ■lnl^ iht' attendant circunislauccs have made il nuuessary I'm- nie to dehiy a coinnnuniati'in t <i.M till t;»>|.'ri«iL'ikt... J aui now directed hy the I'lesiilcnt ai'-§''.v ".'Mt ne. lias oUevved with sarprLse and eMieiiie rei^rel that llie lUitisli ( 'a.se contains no eviti.cnce whalnvir touching the iirincipal fads in ilisirute, upon which the Trilamal of Arbitration nnml in any event lari;j',ly, ami in one event entiivly, ilepenil. No proof is presented npon the lHU•^Jliou .suljnuUed 1/y ;ij". T.reiu.\i oc«ie\rnin;,' the ir^ht of property or ])i'operty interest asserted hy the L'iiileJ, ."-'lU'/s in tJ;c sums iiihalntin;; the I'rihylnir islands iji Delniiin Sea, or upon the ([uestion, also sulmiitted to ihe I'rihunnl of Arliitration, courerniMg the eoneurrent Ucfiulal ions wliiidi niifilit he necessary in a icilain contingency speeilii'il in the Treaty. Jl' a were fairly to he iiderred I'roni this omission thai Jio proofs on these r'liportanl ]ioints are intendeil to he otieroil in Ipchalf of Her Majesiy'.; Ciovernmcnt, lai ground for i ritiei. m or ohjeriioii hy the Government of the I'niled ,Siatcs could arise, .since il is within the exclusive province of either parly to dclermine what c^vidi'Uee it will suhr.dt in re.s])ect to any part i4' the eontrip\ei>y. or to rclV.iin from snlimitting any evidence at all. lint s\icli inference a.s to the coui-se eontemplati d hy llie llrili.sh (iovernnicnt does not seem eo'i.sistent with certain statements ma<le hy its Agent in the printed < ase suhniitted hy him. In reference to the lusserted imperty rights and interests, it is said, after a hrief discussion of tlu' i(Uesliin ujion the assumption that seals are/i;o nulurir: " In the nhsence of any indication as to the grounds upon whic'li the fniled Slates base so ui>iaccedcnled a claim a.s that of a right to jiroteclion of er property iu animals J'crir /inturf upon the high sea.s, the further consideration of this claim must of ui^cessiiy he postponcit."' (liritish ( use, ]i. Mil.) ,\nd in reference to th',' >uhjeit of concurrent IJcgul.ili'inti, it is .said : " The further cousideralion of the suhject of any ]iroi"ised llegnlalions, and of ihe evideni e. pro|iia' to he considcrcil hy tlu' Tribunal in connection therewith, must of neie.ssity he for the present i"Pslponcd." (llrilish I asc, p. I.'pT.) It wonM seem fripm the foregoing exlracis that it is lln' view ipf the Agint of the Ihilish Governuii'nt that he .still has an o|ppiprtunifv tpf liyiug hefoic ihc Tribunal any niatter which he nuiy choose tip introduce bv way of [irpjofs or eviilenco hearing upipu the ipieslion of [propertv, ipr interest in [117] B a till; luiiiin' 111 iiiu|nTty, ill tiic Alii-^kiiii rm-sciilH, ui- Miiuii (111' inicatiim iil' iniiciirrciit l;"j{n!atiiiiH for till! |in>li'cliiiii mill inrsiMvaliim ol' tlii' siiiiic; iiinl, iiiiisiiiiiili us tlio Tivaty ]iiiiviili'H lur llir sulpiiiiHsiMii of I'viiliMuc milv tliidU^'li till CiHci ami ( 'miiiti'l'-Cnsr.-; tlirniii iiiriiticiiird, siicli view of tlii! llriliNli .\','i'iil must 111' lliat iio may iiii iii|«)rati' s.irli [iinof ami iviiluin'i! in tlu' ( uii.ifi-t'asn In lir |i[i'|ianil liy him, liM\iii;; tin I'nitrd Stal>'^ NvilliMUl any iiiriim nf cuntiiulii'liiij,', limiting', or iinalilyiiij^ tliciu, lluwuvii' iipi'ii tluy Miiiy \h; ti> coiilniilirliiin, liniitaliuii, nr ipialiliralioii. It iiHist 111! I'viiliiit 111 till' (tiivcTiiuu'iit iif llrr liriliiiiiiic Maji'.ity tliiit liy tlio iiriivinioiui nf llii' Tii'iUy till' iiiii>stiiiii whillwr till! I'liitiil Stutt's liavr luiy tir(i|H riy iiitorist in tlio seals ii'fijiivil tn, mid till' nuc^t'iiii wlial I'niiiuiTinl Ili'i^ulalinns in llii' H|ii'rilicil riiiiiiiii.'i'nry may ln' iiucmsaiy, art! iliri'ctly suliliiiltcil tn tin; Triliiinnl ; tlial tin^ Tiviily ii^Miinn'S tliat rin'li paity will nr m.iy liavo alligations ii imikc ami i \iiliiiJt' to imnluci; nimn IhiiIi uncntions ; that tl.i' jilaiii iiinti;ni|>latioii of tin' 'rrcaty is timt cnili ]iaity nhall stati; ill hi.. I aso what his |proiiosiliipns uC law mr, anil ihr I'viilmier wliirli will hit vt'lifil upon ill siipporl of tlii'in, to thu I'liil that tlio otiii'r pmty may lia\r a lair oppoitnnity of showing' ill his ('oiiiiti'r-( 'am! that sui;li I'viik'iici! is ui.liUi;, or L'i'ruiii;oiiH, or jiartial, ni' snliji'L-t tu iiualitii'iitioii or i'X)ihiiiatioii, for wlni'h j iirposi' ;iliip; the provi^ii)!: 'm .1 ( 'innilia'-t'asi' was fiumeil. The I'litish A^joii! ami ('oansi;l mii.t Wi 11 aIiow tint tin' deciiiiii i!' tin; two .[iii'stioiia almvii rd'orri'il to must ili'pi'inl upon ihi' i'\i.Ii'iici' piinlu'eil coiiii'viiiii^' tin' nalrii' ami hiihil.s of tlii' lur-sral. and tlio luuthoibi of captuiL' (in 1 l.illiu;; which iin coii.iistt'Ut \ illi th' p' .iturvaiion of ihti sjjuc;ii!S ; mid that it is niai'ily upon lliesi; |ioiiits that oillisiin and cintiMilii-lioii npnii matters of l'u;I- .ind diiriii-eniL')* in respict to mattfi's ol' o]iiiiion an; rxhiliitml liy tin- slati;ini'iiU of pui-snns liki'lyto hi- iiiiidn wii.iii'ssi!M ; that sin'U witnosses aro, in many iiistiinri"*, umli'r tin; inllininci' of )iri!iuilii;o lUid bias, and in soiiii' opi-ii to till' suMpii'ioii of insincerity and unt'.utlifuliu's.s; and that thi' only way hy which litii".- jiiny may pi'otrt't itsi'lf lyaiu.sl the con.seiiueucu:; of fulschoikl oi- urnir is liy li.ivin,' iiii oppiiiliinily t . detect ami expose it. 'riii: rri'siiii'iit cannot coiict'al lii^i astoiiinhineiit that it should ho •I'^aunicd that the I'.ritiali Goveviinieni is at lilieity to iutioduce a whol.; Imily of li'stiiuoiiy of this character for the lirsl time in its Ciiuiiter-Casu, and thus shut out the United States fioni nil o|iportnnity of deteotinii and ox))osini4 any ermr.s which may he crmlaiiied in it. Tin; (iowrninenl of the I'niti'd Siales canii il f.iil to he aware, from tie; corre.spondeme that ha-i I'.itheito lal;i;n plin'e on this Mihject Ix'tweeii tlie two Goveninieiils, us well us from full iiiformiUi'iii derived from the Ke|ires<'iit,a',ivi!s and A;;<'nts of Hiir Majesty's (ioveniment and the ( analian (iovernmeiit in the eonrse of tlie |iiiii-i'eiliii.;s and disiii-sion.s that have iiheaily orrnrred, not onlv ihnl it is claimed on the part of tlmse tiovernmenls that mnterial evidence exists to conlradict the f.uts asserted hy the (Joverniiien! of the I'nili'd Status, but thai u cmisidcralih; jiart of it has been alr.ady taken and pieiiared hy the Urilisli ' covermneiit, as to the liiiiracter, extent, and weight of wlii.h, however, tin; (Ioveniment of th' I'liiti-d State i is wholly uiiinfnniied. Till! iiropositions of law and of f,ictu|viii which the Unilod Stiitos will ri'ly in tlie .Xrliitratinn are precisely stated in its (.'use now in the Irinds of Her Majesty's (iovernment, and need not he recapitnlateii here, Jii .support of these as.sertions of fart u lar^e nmonnt of eviileiice, and all ilio '■viileiiee the (.iovernnient of the I'uited States will otTer, I'xcept in relmtial of that wliii;h may be introduce 1 on the other side, liiis been prepared and is printed in the America.i Case and its AplM'ndices. The I'.ii'ts presented in the A";;:'ican Case are iinl new. They have been the subject of loiij; discu»si(Mi and correspiiiule.nee between the two ( bivenimonts, mid of prolon;^ed consideration by thu Cuninii«sioiiei's of the respective (iovcrnmeiits apiioiuted many months before the Treaty w.os culebiated, and wdiose functions, set forth in Article IX of that instrnnient, were to investieate this subject of seal life; and the measure.-. iHcus.-ary for its ]irolectiipii. The opposini,' claims of the Governments in respect to these facts haye beei) ;rfco^niied and iindei-stood as coiistitntiii'^' in oiii- view to a hii;,'c. extcnl.and in another ''^iJ^v. I'p.' (iiip 'O'll ji'Nb'nt, tlw controversy for the deteriuinati.ni of which the Tribunal of Arbitratinii )!(i«.'''b('eii i.>r/;atcd. ' If tbiM.'omini.ssioners could lia\e agreed in respect to them, a.; was hoped .iml di'.<iiivd on bolK .siil"3,an .Vrhhnitioii mi'^dit not have been necessary. It is iherefoie inijiossilile for the (l'>yei'!jnmHt.'>r the rnjted f^tijte.s to believe, unless it should In; so itssured !iy Her Alajesty's (;ovei)iniiUit^,t1ia'l':ii'\;! ilu. inli^iitinJi'wf lli'iS.doVeinnient to brin',' forward ni) ovidoiii'e on these )ioints in its own lichalt'. ' '" ■ ■ ... ' '. . If such evidence is to In; oll'ered liereafti;r in the British Counter-Ciuse, the result of willihiddiiiL; it in the C.i.se already di-liveri'd will be :i,s follow.- : When presenlcd in the Cr.iinler-Case, the rniteil States' (iovernnient will have, under the provisions of the Treaty, no oppurlnniiy whaiever to meet it by ifimtlim; jiioof if any description, but niusl [iroceed iniuiedialdy to Iri.il without being able to offer .any contradictory, e.vpl.iiiatory, or iinpeachinn evidence. The ( ounter-Ca.se is Ihe last chance aSuriled by the Treaty for the intnuhictioii of any evidence at all. It is tiicii;fore provide I that tlio Oounter-t.'iisos shall not Im; exchanged until thirty days before the tinal submission of the ipu'slions for decision. And thus the whole body of the iJriti-iU evidence, if r-served for the Couiiter-Caso, would only conn; to the knowh'dve of the (ioveniment of the rnited .States on the eve of tlie henrins, without tin' privile;;e of aiiswerin;^ it. KsiM'cially would such a method of trial prf>ve injuriens to the I'nited .States' (ioveniment in respect to that brunch of the Ini.uin^' that refers to tie Uc;.,'nliitions which the Tribr.n.nl is aiithurized to piv.scriiie for the preservation of the .seal herd fro;;! ixtiiiction, if in the I'lmrse ;if the eoiisideiiition of the Case they should re.ich the conclusion that t!ie I'liitoJ Status' (levernment cannot deiiiaiid such jirotection as a ri'.dit. A strau^'e misconception se(!iiw to exist in the mind of tho Afijent of Owut Rritnin tlmt n liearin,'; other t'laii that provided Ml the Treaty is tn be airorded for the cnnsideration of ilie (|Uesiioii of Herniations, should the eontin^ency therefor arise, mid that another oiiportnniiy than the jainted ( ':uie is to be i^'i-antcd for the subiiii-sion of evidence nptin this ipiestion. It must be mmiifest from an a (txnmiimtioii nf llic TriNity tliat imly nim opj^irfimity i< iifTinli'il i-nfli |nr(.y '■> •<i|liiiiii I'viilmiio mi tliH rpir^lidll, mill tIjiiV it til U- iivilili"! i>r in IIim (iri'jilinl C.l-'o, cxiHlit wi fur iit i'vii|iMl<-c in r'O.ttll il iimy Im k-'jiliiiijitc ill ilm ('>iiiiili'r-(.!iiMc. Slinulil tin- Arliiinil'irs, in llii> wmiNi- nf ilicir "li'llliifMfiniis. tin I it, ilfi-cjisin y 111 iiiliNiilcr t!i- iiuistitili uf I'r^llliitiiHli. Ill" luitlll'f, iXt''lll,iiMil ctliriiqU'V uf ll|i> ii'ir^iliillnliH In 111' I'niiiii'il mini \'i' lii'Iciiiiiiii'il cniiri'ly Ujnni tln' I'viilinri'iilri-aily nalniiitliMl.Hiiic.'ilii- Hiibjii't it mn' ti|niii wiiirli tilt; Arliitiiiliii< rail li.ivf ii<> ntlii'i' k'lmw |i.Mi),'o lliiiii that ^lln^. iiirunli-il. How far iiiitl linw j;r.i\i'ly tlir (icivcrmii''iili all' iit i'isii!- ii|»iii this jKiiiit may Ui s.-ci hy ivf-O'lici- to tin- riirri"<iMiiiil<ii i- ii':;n; liiii{ it lictwi'i'ii tluir ii"<iK'ctivf l{i']ir>'ciilalivi's luciiMli'.i;; tin,' (cli'linili'iii nf 111" Ailiilriiliii!! Tn'aty. t'liii ihi' I'liiU'il Stale* In- ri'iisdiialily i\|H-i't<'il tn ilim'Us.s this ini]iiiriiiiil i|iiiMliMn ii[miii !i iimm nf alvi'tmi evitli-in !• uiii "h il liai hiiii jio chuiicu tn mi-rt hy oniiitiT I'viilfiiiu, uml hnnliy lime iiitc'IM'.;"iitly to ji^riiw ? U in furtlicr wmlliy of r(!mnrk tliat, hy tin; |irM|i(w('il inrlliml nf timkiiiij np tlic (ViiM', tin! rniteJ Stiiti's' Oiivcriiiiii-nt « ill iiiit iiiily hi' ili')iiivt'il of the iiiciin.s ca' ii^jily tii tii" Hriti.-li <'viiU'iir(' hy lancif, hut al.iii nf till' ii|i|ii>i1iiiiiiy iiil(;i|iiali'ly tn ilim-uss it in iir^'iuiii'iil. It will In' (ilwivi-il fnmi th'' j'M- visiiiiiH nf lln- Tiii'y tliai tin' wiiltvn iifjiumciit iiimii tin- wliiili- Cii*' must 1mi cnni|i|i't<'il iukI ili'livi-rvii within thirty ilavM fimn tin; roi'i'|ilioii nf the ("ninitcr-Casi-s. iMiriii',; tlii-* tiiim the Hr^jiiiiniit mi thr Aiiii'iiiaii siili! iiliHt he |i|-p|uir('il. |iriiit('il. iiinl si'iit n inns tin; Alliuilii:, nlthiiii;jli it rnnsiiji-nihlr p;ir! nf thi- tiini! must iicressiirily lie uciiipicil hy t'ouiistil in I'-iifliin;; I'ari^ Iniin tliu Unitttt StJites. Wliih' this may hi; piwsihlc, thoiij{li imt oany . in ri'.ipccl tn sn niiii'h nf the ( 'usi; un has Ik'i'U for suvi'iiil i:inni Iih |)i-('viiiiHly i:i the hainN of f'miintl. if only nviilcnci' slii.'lly in iibultal ri'inains to 1k' liciilt with .iftcr till' ( '"mitc>r-(':i;ii'« an' cxi'hanjrcil. it wnnlil he iniiiiifi'Stly im|>osiihlf, if tin' hulk ninl titmiyth of tlm llritisli priiof.s iiri' to 1m; iii-(".'«;iiI.ii1 fir tin; first iini ' in (In* (.'uiintur-Casc, t'l pri;pan' iiiiy ar;>iiiiit'iil in n.'»lK!i:t of thriM til it w«nlrl Im liki'ly to h" ii'rfnl, wiihin ii piriml so sliort and ■o !nli'rrii|il<'<i. ■ To il cnnsliii'tion nf llm ti-rins nf tin' Treaty which leails to results m) jiiiissly niijiint Hinl ito •gravely prejinlieial. llic (ioM-niini nl nf llie fni'eil States eaiiiiot assent. It woulil 1m;. in its juil^jnii-ut, smh 11 peiver-;inn of th" letter ;iiul inn-li a vinlatioii nf I'ue :i]iint of the Ttiuty as wmiM tlireai<-ii to ilel'eat its ohjei'ls anil he fatal to its in;;liilness. It may safely he as-.elteil liial in no jihlii'ial prnceeilinu ever inveiiteil fur the ileterniination of 'lispiitiil tw.lA was it allnvriil that c.iio jmrty shnvlil he at liheity t > iiiiroil'n,e his whole ( use in .sm h a manner as to ^ive to liis ailversiiry I'o npportunity to iFiesent eviileiiie in ii'jily to it, altimnirh ailoi-ileil on his onii siilu I'nll mean.; of lejilyiiij,' to lii» ailvelsary's testiinony. Sncli ii nnlLoil nf trial eoulil not h ■ i xpieleil to li-siilt ill a just decision. Kaii sueh 11 l)iop;isal heeii mad" in the jiivsent ( "use hy either of tin; Hi:'li t'ontraoliini Parties wIhh the |irivisiims of the 'I'n'uty were heini,' friiined, it would have h :uii ai once rejccleU not only.* iiiadinissihle, hut as nnwin-thy of the tJovennuijnt presunliiijf it. The true inl<ii; n( the lenns of ihe Tieaiy in ivspeit to the iiiodo of trial is. M tlie (iovernnipul of the I 'iiiteil .States respeell'iilly insists, ohvions and clear. lUit one (,\is'.' and one t'oaiiter-t'asu !MB plnviiled for on each siilr;. Xij issue is previously foiined. and no pleadings int'iposod. It i'J manifestly eonteniiilated that hotli parties .shall siuniltaneoimly snhmit to the .Vrl'ilnitoi-H ninl to enili ntiier, in the <'a<i; wliieh is to In' e\ih,iii;,'ed wiihin four months fioni tins r,»tilieufion of tliu Trcjity. their pi'iposilioiis, their i:laiins, and their evidence ii|hiii nil the imilils in dispute. Xeither K'-*"« forward, as in iin aclimi at law. iieiiher is entitled to wait until lie ii'ceives his adversniy'.'ifas,. livioiii suhinittinj; Id's own. Hoth understainl hy loiy eorrespoiidcine and iieHotiatiou wliat the controversy is. Then to each is allordid the npi.ir! unity to reply to the l-'a-;; on the otliei- silk- in the f 'ounter- (>ase wlii.'h is to he i"cchan,'ed wiihin three months alter the reception of the I'lise. Tlie laniiini'^e of Article IV is upon this point dci i-ive. .Vn fmilicr opportunity of .suhmittin;^ evidence nuJ u ) sucouil liearini; are provided for resiiectinij I'cuulation i or any other matter. To the Count. i-t'aMi no reply is )ir.nidi'd for excelit in urminieut, for the plain reason that it i« Hupposcd to conlain no evidence excpt tliat in rehnttal. This niutli ml is fair to holli .si'los, and phicM both on an ei|uality ; and as conlirmiii;,' the iiitentinii of the ( lovernmeiits as lo these .sti^^es nf the lirnccedinos of the .Vrhitnitioii, it is rei|uiivd thai the dei isiou of the 'I'ribuniil on tlie |>nint.s .suhmitteil to it shall, if iiossihle, he made within tlirco months from the close nf the tiriiuinents. The tiovernineiil of the rniti;d Si.itcs h.is riitire cnnti'lence that, in this view of tho tcfiuircaitnta of the Treaty, it will have the cniirurrence of Her ^fajesty'H (iovernmeiit Th" Government of the I'liited .States has heen, and i.s, extremely desirous that the .UbitTatiou should proceed, hut only incordin;^ to the Treaty, the, olijccl of which w.is tj provide a fair trial. To thi< end it h.is inaje an el.ihnvat" im'|)aralion, and has complied on its ii.irt with every reipiiivnient of tile Treaty. It would lie a source of profound rea;ret to the rniled .states' (ioverument, and, as it. • "Mnot doiiht, to Ifer Majesty's (ioveriiincnt, if tin; .Vrhitratitm slimild at this .s;a;^e he put in jHjril. Sliinld the assuram e lie received from Her .Majesty's (lovernment th;it. the a]>i>n'hension alioxn expressed i> unfounded, and that it is not intendeil on the part of tlml linvvrnnieiit to otfer in its t.'ounter-l'a-'e evidence on the points that have licen mcntioU'ii lierein, the (iov.'innient of the i'nited yta'es would accept the lintish Case as already deliven!d as a full coni[)liance with the rcipiii-enients of the Tii'aty. Itiit in the ahsence of smh an assurance, and in view of the statements niHi'.e in tliiit f'ase hy tho .\ncnt of (jrcat liritain herein <iuoted, I am directed liy llie rre~ident to slate that lie would fcj'l constmimsl to rc;,Mr(l the llritish ('use assuhmilted a* a lajlnreon ihe part of Her Majesty's (Iovernmeiit to coniiily with the tc;-ms of the Treaty of the IJOth Kehruary, IS!)1', anil to protest in the most s ilemii inanner aijainst this nnn-coniplinnce with its provisions. Ihit the I'n-iilent entertains the jircatest confidence that when the vie rs herein e.x|)res8ed .no lirouj;ht to the attention of Her Majesty's (iovcrnment, it will hasten to eoiTeei the error*- whiih have been made hy its l;c]ircsi iitativcs in cliarLic of its Case, and he is pleased tn ^dve the assurance in udvance that the (Iovernmeiit nf the I'nite.. .Stnt^ss will itssent tn any rensimnhle means that may lie pi-oposcd to that end hy Her .Majesty's (iovernineiit. It is to Ih' noted, however, that if the dale lixcd in the Treaty for the closing of the Cuunter-t'ases is to be observed, iiu time is to be lost by tho- |!iiti-Ii ( inviiiiMM n'. ill ^iitiiiiilliii'.r •-Uili |i|iiliii-iliiin us nniy sicin t rirt'iiiiiKiiiH.'-. It WiMllil ll'>' I"' |Mi-.-ili|i' III r.iir cmiri'ivis liiM nl- Mil\ Iwiii ill. Ill' l'.\ I 111 iiiiiiiiii I' nil MilviiiiiiiL'i' wliii'li it is i iiiiicivi'il \\:ii iml iiilii,... .. ,.. CVillillrr ill rllirl". it ^IllUlill IlllVl' tin- llllli .il 111' llll' ]illSfl iiUii tlial ill iii:il,iii'_' U|i till' Ui'|iMit 111' its < 'iiiiiiiiii<sii>iici>> it sluni n.ll. til if.'ii'i II w I ; .- .. .., , . iiii'iil ii|>iiii this i|ui'sliiiii, lii'iaiiHi' lit ilK f;ii'iit ^'laxilv anil i.j' llir siiIdiih e<iii8i'i|iiiin(is wliirli iiiii/lit rr>iill liniii a lailinr nl' tln' twii ( invi'iiiliii'iit!! tn nL;ri'i' n-<|ii.tiii iifliiv < iiiMinini'iil III rraih ii hiiitii.illv atiNliLliiiv M'ttlnin nl nilii'lii'iiiit. tliat till' (iiivi I'Ulni'lil of iIm' t'liilrl Slates lia-.n.... ill tlii> niiilinvi'isv siiliiniilril til llii' Triliiiiiiil of Ailiitiatinn ; Imt In tliin (miiI it niml lio il 111 111' lalli'.l |ui- iimlii ill,: li llii' iiiiii^llci' wliirli llic (iiivi iiiiiiiiil lif lln- I'liili'il Stali-H ■ in uliirli tlic llriti-li ( asf lia-^ lii'i n iiiaili- ii[i. It was Ml III 111- iilliiiiiiil 111 I'illiii- parly, liiat, in takiiiy its •inn III' nil llii' i'\ iilriii'i' mi ilir iiiIiit -.iiji', as „ , _ I sliuiilil lir^l 111' |iinvii|i'il -.villi llial nl' ilu'ir iv].ii'si'nliiiH till' iillirr ll.iviiiinii-nt in n>iii'i I t.. iIh.si- |.iiiii|s ii|inii wliirli lIu y liavr lailt'il I ll'.'lri'. I'llll tllii iliNlilvilllta^ir till- I'llili'il Sinlii' ( inM'rillni'llt lUi'l'lTS In >.llli||lil til, tlinu^jll ijlllto Wall' III' ilH iiiijini'taiiri., latlii'i- than iliiit llii. Aiiiilnitinii hIhuiM Ik- piil in peril, I have I'rll it lirri'sdaiy In I'llli'l at siiliii' |cn;itli iipnii all cxiKi^ilinii .il' llii' virWi nf my (invrlli- .....I i.. ii.:. ..^ii.... II......,,^,. ..I' :i^ ..f,.,,! .,.'.. ill, .1 ..r it... .^. .,.:,.,,., ..<.,.., , .»i.:..i. ...;.. i.« It. 1 llllli lii-raiisn nf tlir i':iriii'.«| ili.iire iiii il innpiT, liii\M'\i-r, to ailil, ill I'litii'i' rniiliili'iiri' ill itK iiliilily tn inaiiitaiii 111! 'I lip jiiilii iai It.s jMHiiinii 111 iii|. niiiiinvi'isy siiuinini'ii in iin' iriiiuiiai iii .Aiiuiiaiinii ; niii in iiiih (miii it iiimi no iiHiirili'il ill' lii'iu'tit iil'tliiiM. .siiliHlaiilial ^al'l•;,'lm^lls .■i},'aiii-<t ll.i' iiilrniliiclinii nf rrmr wliiili llic jmlii iaI HV.sti'iiii I'f all natiiiiH m. raii'fnlly sciini' and wliicli xm-ii' ilcji'.^iii'il In 1m' ni'iimil liy llir pinvisi'.n.i nf till' 'I'lralv. Ill llii' ali.si'iii.'u nf siiili xal'i'i^iiariU nil party In a jnilii ial jin'o. i-diii',' i .iii In' ri.nliili-nl nf till' jiriiii'ilioii nf lii.H riylits; itnli'i'd, a trinl nf a ipiuHtioii nf ri^dit, wlini niii. party lias im np|Hirl unity ■ if iiiiKtt ill.. It III tiiiaiVi.riiKr flu, iillixril ■■ ma iiliil ol'li li.i ir>i, iif llii. iitlii.i- i1(ii..J ii,>t 1 1,.,:, I-Vii tin. iiiiiim <,!' n nf liii'clin'.; a. Ill iinsn jililiii.il pin. ri'iliii^;, • I, .1 (lllti .•> .1 , lllVn^llIK >f| ll^.ll, I*.!..! 1f||1- 1>I»IL* tl(|.-l l|l> 111 'in,! I llllli '.^aliniH ami I'viili-iici. nf tin' ntlu'i-. (lni-< iinl ili'Si ivi- llii' liainr nf I have, &C. (.Sifiiii'il) ,I()II\ W. K(i.-<TK1U Xi). -'. TV- Kin-I ,■/ llosilirii In Mr Ilirlifrl. .■^ir, Fiirn;iti Ojfirr, O-lulK-r 13, 18'.)2. I II.VVK ivrcivcd yonr dos|iati'h of the 2.Stli iiltinin, inclosing u inpy of tin; nnte addiv-ificil tn ynii liy tlii' Uliiti'd Stall's' .Sci'li'laiv nf .Smu. nn tliu '.'Till .Si'liti'inliifr last ri'siM'rlinj; lliu lirlirin^ Sea Arl.ilialinii. lis cniiti.'iils, the ..'I'liiial ]iiiipnrt of wliii'li ymi had pii'vimisly coiivcyt'd to iiii. I.y tcdi'L.'iiii.Ii, liavc loccivi'il till' alti'iitiv i^nnsidcialinii nf Hit Muji'sly's (li.vi'riiiiii'iit. and it ajipcars to tlunii tn lio iii'ics- .siiry tn i'\aiiiiiii' its various (.niiteiitimis ill sniiiii detail. Mr. l-'iister stales; — 1. Tlial liie Tresidi'iil '-lias nliserved willi suriirise ainl I'.xlreiiie r.';,Tel that the T.ritisli Case cnn- taiii.s )in evi'li iK-e whatever Iniieliiiii; Ihe jirim-ipal I'a.ls in di^pnle. iipmi wliieli the Trilmiial nf .Vrlii- tralion iiiusl in any event liifiuly, and in mn' event ciitirily, depend. N'n prnof is preseiited iipun tlie Huestion siibuiitted hy the Treaty I'liR'eruiii'i llie liuht nf prnp.'rly or property iiileresl asserted liy the United Slates in the seah inhaliitiie,' the I'riliyl.ilV Islands in l!;lirin^' Sea, nr upon the iiueslinii, also submitted t'.i the Trilmnal nf Arhilialinn, enneernin;; the eoiieiiiTent lieyuliitions which might hu neces- sary in a eertain i.iinliiii,'eney speeiliid in the Treaty." -. Mr. Foster sues nn tn alliriii that the Treaty j.rovides fur the snhniis^inii of evidi'iire onl)- through the Cases ami Counter-Cases therein nienlioiied, and hi- infers that the view taken hy the liritish .\,i.'.iil iiiusl he "that he may iiunrporale sneli inoof and eviil.'Uee in 111.' Cminli-r-l 'ase In lie pre]iari'd I.y hini. leaving; the I'liileil States willinnt any means nf rnnliadielini,', limilin;.;, or ipialil'yiiii; iheni, however opi n Ih.'iy may he In enntradii-linii, liinitatinn, nr fnialilii-iitimi." The liiivirnmonl nf Her Ihiliniiiii' ^lajesiy eniinni admit Ihal llieie is any foundiilinn for lhe.se (;nni]ilaiiils, wliieh seem to lie lias:id upon a i-nn.stnictinii nf the Treaty which, in their belief and in the opiiiinii nf their advisei-s, is erroneous. The scheme of that Troaly iiiovides thai tlie live i|ii(!stinns .submitted in Artiole VI .'.himld be kept (iistiint from, and that the. deeisit.ii ihi renii slmuld be jirinr In, the cnlisidenitinn of any ipieslimi nf conenrieul l!e;;iilatiniis. whirh innsideialinn winild niily beeome necessary in ihi,' evi'iit of the live jioints beinu di-rided iinl'aMinrnbly In llie i-laiin of the ITiiited Slale.i. The siNlh .Vrtiele reiiuiies llml adisliii'-l ileeisii.n shall be yi veil on each nf these ]ininl.s, while the se\entli .Vrtiele pinvides that '- if the delerniinatioii of the fiiri"_'iiin'_' i|neslions as to the r\eliisive |iM'isilii'iii.u of the rniteil .Slates shall leave the subjeit in siu-h pnsitinn that the onnrurnnee nf (ireat Ihitaiii is nei.e.s.snry tn tin' eslablish- nieiit nf lle;;iilatioiis for the proper proleilion and ]iieservaliniiiif llie fur-seal iii.or habitu- liy le-nrlinj; to, IJehrini; Sea," the Arliitralois shall Umi detcrmiiie what eoneuri-Piit lieuiilalinlis are neeessaiy, and that "to aid them in that deleniiinalinn, the IJepnil of a .loinl ('iiminissinii, In be appointed by the ruspeclive (iovcrnineiits, .sliall be laid Infure them, with such other evideiiee as eiihi'r (ioveriimenl may .submit." It will l)c iifiloil tlmt tlio spvcnth Atlicli' nf llm Tivnty rofon only to tlin Tti'imrt nf n Joint (■oiiiiiii.s)(jiiii,iiii(l it ix t'y llif niiilli AHirlr mIomo inoviilcil Itiiil llif juiiit nml spvcml lti'[»irf -^ iiml n-com- nicnilMtioiis (if tlin C'lPiiimis'^iiiin.is may lie siilniiiltril to llu- AilMlliitm-', "kIhpiiM tlic <:iiiiliii^'iiK'y thiTpfor iiriso." Till' cvi'iit tlicrrfoTo on the lm|i|M'tiin;; of wliii'h tltn Rt'tmrt or Reports nml fnrthiT oviiU-nct nnt to 1m' unliiiiittcil i-i tliiH iticliralcil liv llic Trciily ; — tlmt ivi'iit licin;,' tin' clrtpriiiiiiiition nf tlw five jxiints FnlMiiitlnl in the si\lli Aitiil • nnriivminilily to llir rhiim of thi; Uniti'il Slati.s. iiml v. lliiu tlif suhji^ct is '.eft in sucli ii |"i-.ilion lliiil the conriirri'Mcc of (inat I'lrilaiti is ni'Cc.vsaiy for llii' jiurirov nf oslab- lishin'4 |iro|K'r Iti'^'iilations. It will Ik> iioticcil fnitlicr tliat IIjo iiii|niri(-< of llic' ''oiinoissioncrs nrc rontin' >l liy Arlicli'S VIl and IX to the ipu'slioii of l;i';;tilalions, nml liavo no ii'fi'iiiiii- to ilio poinlt raiMil l^y Arii- Ic VI. It i< cliiir, tliiTi'fovi', tliai liy tlir Treaty it was inliMidiil tlia! tint ltc|K.rt or I.'rjioiH of tlio Com- nii».iioiii'rs slionM l.c prodnf-il, tiot iim pnrt of the Cntu- upon tlif tpti'iitiiind stated in Articl VI, Imt at a luti:r stajjc, ami ihcn only in tin- rontitr- n-y mKovc rtfirn d to. Witli rt'oanl to point .' of Avtirlc VI, ti.r < '.I'rnua'nl of llcr I'lilannio Maji -ly, i>-lii viiij^ tlmt the alliyed " ri;;lit of property or iiroi«:rty intt;"-' ' di'pciids upon i|Wi'stions of law, and not upon llu' haliitfl of M-als and tln' iiicicli-nts of .xeal life, li r .' Htaied proposition-, of law wliiili in tlii'ir opinion di-nionstrati- lliat the rlaini of siirli riylil i.s m- o.,ly nnpriM'cIc piled, lait nnteniililc. Tlie.«« pici|«i.sitiou» will lie foniid al ,ip. 13."i to llu, 1,^:! to ' and p mio.silion.s I.' 1''i,aiid 17 on p. MO of the (.'ugu of thia ( iovi rnnient. This luin-; the view of the (iove..iiiient of Ilrr f'.r' imie Xluje.sly, it wnuhl have lieen alt.i!^>tln)r inconsistent with it, ami, indeed, a;, tiicy eonceivi . iPo^'ical and iinjiroper, to have introdneiil into the Briti.sh (',i<e niat'.er whiih, in the opinion of Hei .^''ije.sty'.H (iovernnieut, cull only Imj le^^itiinately uimhI ■vhen the ipie.slion oi eonenrrent lii' ;nlatio!-, ,^ nii; icoii-iideration. The toivernnieiit • f Her Hiil.iiii.'c ^fnii ly thei-efore reserved, and in their opinion ri'.ditly resened, until the tin.e ei.ntemplated ly Articles VII ami IX of the Treaty, the lonsiiler.ilion of the question of (oncurient llejjithitions, shonid tliij <•' i n^iMiey therefor arise, and Iler Majesty t (ioverii- luent ))riitest a'j.iinst the introdiietion at this staL;e. of fails toiii hih;,' seal life, which they i mteud atl'ord III! siippoil to the exelusive rii:lils ehiiineil liy ihu ITnited Suites, ■hirli were the oriyiual eause and for 1 the lir^t olijeei of this .Vrhitn' ion. With rev;ard to the allejiution that the I'nited States will have no means of ronlriidielin;,', liioiting, or ipialifyinj; the proof and evidenie addiited in the I'.ritish ( 'ounier.('a,se. tliu (ioverninonl of the United States ap|i4'ar to have overlooked the provision of .\rlielo VII. liy whieh, with refei.'Uie to tin? <inestioii of the lomurrent Hegnlution.s, expreii.i l)erini.s3ion is j;ivon to each (iuvurtuneiit to sulimit other evideme. These are the views of the t iovernnieut of Her IiriLinnii' Majesl\ . and th.y must niaiiitain their corrwtnesf. liut the CiovenuneMt of the Iniled Stales have e.\pre.s.sed a dilVerenl view ; they have taken the position that any fai ts relevant to the eonsideraiioii of eoiienne.nt lii^uhitions should have heen iiieluded in ihet'aseon l»'half of Her Urilaiinie .Majesty preseiitiil under .Vrtiele III, md llul theah-eveo of any statement of sueh facts jilaees the 1,'nilid Stales lit ;i disildvantai;e. The t'rovemiaenl of Her Britannic Majesty, while di.s.st utiuL; from this view, are desirous in every way to faeilitaU- the proyress of the .\rliitratioii. nml are theriloKr williiio to furnish al once to the ('.overnnienl of the I'nited Slittes ami to the Arliitratms the .sep.irale Iteport of the liritish Coiaiuissiouer^, with its Aplx-udices. I'lie (ioveriMiient of the I'nited Stales are ii lilierty. so far as they think lit, to treat these documents as part of the Case of the (Iovernnieut of Hir liritaniiie .Majesty. Her llritaiinic JIajesty's (ioverniiieiil must, hiiwe\er, reserve to tlieiuMlves the ri;;ht of dealin.' in its C'ounter-Ca-e, or at later --taiies of the pioeee(liiii;s. as eouteiiiliiated liy the Treaty, with the ipies- tioiis whieli have U'cn raised in the t'ase of the I'iiited States. It must also he nmlersio..d th.it Her I'liUiiniie Majesty's llovernim'ut reserve to thoius 'Ives the ri.u'hl of olijectin,' to the intiodi:. tioii in the consideration of the live jioiuts .•.uhniitted hy the sixth Article of the Treaty of matter which they eoiiteml to he iiTclevant, and which they consider to luive been iinpri)))erly intrudnced in that connection. The (ioverniaent of Her I'.ritannic Majesty I lave ol).ser\eil with siirpiise a su;i;;e.stion eoutaineil in the eoucluiliri;,' paraLjraplis of .Mr. Foster's note, that they have derived an advanta'^i' in •■ makini.'Up the Keport of it< t'ommissioners," liy heiii^ lirst jirovided " with thai of their collea.oues represeiilino the other (Joveniiuenl in respect to tlio.se points uiion which they have failed to aeree." This advaii- ta.;;e .Mr. Koster fuiilier •haraclerizes as important. The CJovernmeut of Her Britaunie Majesty had takc'ii a ilillerent vieiv at, .o the functions of the Coniuii.^siouers from that ippaniitly t,ik"n iiy the (ioverument of the I'uited States, llei Majesty's (ioveniineiit had i>"oarded tlieiii as independent ami free from conlnil iu the ]ire]iaratioii it llu ir iteport. and the duly "f strict impartiality will lie found to have iK'eii siHcially impressed upon tl.. iii in their iusUuetions. The |;e|Kiit and A]iiiendiees, in tlu' Words in wliiili tliev arc now pre?enteil to the United States, were ]irinted on the 21st June. 1S'.I2. and laid hefme the Queen in |iurs»i\nce of Her Majesty's Cuinniission. As t'a- time for the delivery of the Counter-Cases has now lieiMi extended by sixty days, the Goveniment of the Uuiied Stales will iimlialily eniiciir iu thinking' thai ample lime will he .itrmiled to tliat (iovenuuent for dealim: fullv witli the liejwirt, hut the tioveinment of Her Britaunie Majesty would lie prepared to eoneiir wiili l!ie I'liited States' (iovernuient in ai;reein,n to a further extension of time, shouhl the I'nited .States' tioveniuieut reipiin- it. You will deliver to Mr. Foster a eo|iy of this despatch, as forniinii tl'e answer of Her Alajesty's Goveniment to his note of the JTtli ultimo, and you will pi-esent to him at the sunie time the ai-com- pnnyino copies of the volume eontniniii}; the Itepoil of llii' Ihitish Connni.ssioncrs. [117] C Collies nf till' volume will lie fiinvai<!i-l to eiicli cif lliu Arbiliatm.-', ;in'l Ilei- Maie-ity's fiovcrn- ment iini]io9o iilsn to forwaiil to tlicm cojiies of Jlr. Toster's note niiil fif tliis despalcl.. T am, S:c. (Sij^iu'd) KOSEIIKUY. Xo. X Mi: Htrhtrl tu the Earl of Eoncbo'y. — {lUcciccd Nurcmhr L'l.) My Li.r.l. U'l'n/iiiiff/im. Xnr, mlin- 0, 1892. WITH refereuce to my tele'.'raiiH of to-ilay, I calleil at tlie Departmeiil of State tliis iiioniiiiL,' at the iei|uest of Mr. Foster, when lie liamleil me a note eoiilaiiiiiii; llie rejily of tlu^ I'liittMl State?.' Cioveiiuiient to your Lorilsliiji's despatcii of tln' l.'Jtli ultimo in nu'aril to the lieliriii;' Sea Arliitratioii. Alter Irricilly recaiiitiilatiiii; tin- principal jioints of this eoiiiiiuuiieation, eo])V of \vhieh 1 have tho honour to iiielose herowitli, lic^ slated tieil I ini<;ht consider the ilillieiilly which had arisen hetwi^i'M tliK two (lovernments as .settled, hut he \vi>iied at the same time to niaki^ it (dear to me that the I'nited States' (lovernment had aceejited ihe Ueport of the liritish liehriiiL; Sea C'omnnssioners us ]iart of the orijiinal Uritisli Case, under the assuniiiliou that it contained all the evidence on which Her Majesty's Governnunt intend to rely in rej:ard to pehyic .sealin;^ and tlie liahits of the fur-seal, ami tliat no fresh niatti'r relating; to these sulijects would he introiluced into ihe I'.ritish < 'ounter-l.'.ase e.\eept in ruply to the (pii"-tious raiseil in the I'ldled Strifes' Case. Shouhl they, however, have lieen ndstaken in thi.-? a.ssnniption, they intended lo insist on tlieir interpretation of the Treaty before the Trdjun.d of Arliitration, and to op|«ise the suhinission to tlie Arhitrators of any matter which mi^'ht he inserleil in the I'.ritish (,'ounter-Case which, in the o])iiiion of the I'nited Slates, would not he justilied as rulevanl by way of reply to their Ca.so. 1 expiesseil my frratiticalion la the settlement of the ((nestion, and lusked him whether the I'nited States iT'iuired the extension of time olVii-ed hy your LorcUhip for the preparation of their Comiter- Ca.se. Air. l-'osler ri'iilied that the oH'er hail h.'i-n conimunicaled to the! I'nited Slate-' Counsel, hut that lie did not think any extension of lime would be ri'i|uiied. He would, however, -^U'^'^'esl unotlirially, in view of your Lordship's oiler, that the lime li.xeil in tla' Treaty for the presuiiialion of the printed AvLluiiienl should be extended by lhirl,v ihiys f..r the reasons contained in a short Meiiioianduni wliieh he nave me, copy of which I have ihe honour to im lose. He was anxious, he continued, to have your Lordship's opinion as to this su,L.",'e-tion, which he would make ollicially in a few mid he liopod that the former Au'reemriit which he had suu'ticsted would be nieiitary iic the Senate. ays ; ..,, 'ould lie .•iccepled, aK a sup]ile- nielitary inslruiucnt to the Treaty would involve many f iiiiialities, and wmild rcipiire ratilicatioii by I have, iScc. (Sioned) MICHAEL II. Hi;iil!KUT Inclo,suie 1 in Ni Mr. Fmlfi- In Mr. Hrrhrrt. Sir, D',i",tmnit v/ Hlnli-, Wn.-thhuilon, K<,iriiil'n- !), 1802. I il.\n til ■ honour lo receive throu,i;h viai on the L'.'ith ultimo a copy of Lord lio^'bery's clespatcli <if the llilh of tlic .same month, but an acknowled','nient has been decayed foi' the reason thai thu interprclation placed by his Lordship upon iho:,e ]irovisions of the .Vrbiiiatioii Tivaty of the 2'Jth l-'ebrnnry, 1S'.I2, wliii'h relate to the mode of luocciluri^ called, in the view of the rrcsidenl. for some lesjionse from the (lovernment of the I'liiled Stales, and thai, this could be more iiitelli;;iully framed after the copy of the lo'iioii of lie- llehrinu Sea I 'oinmissioiM"-' made to Her Majesty's Covcrnmeid, and wliirh Lord llosebery expressed a willingness lo furnish to the (ioveinment of tho. I'liiled Stales, had liecn e\,iminei' and the extent to which that lleptut would alfcct thu Ca>e there- tofore prepared on behalf <if lb r Majesty's (oivernmeiit more precisely kno.vn. This Hcport havin;; beiii furnished to the tlovernniint of the Uiiileil Slates and circfully examined, I now ]iroi<'ed to stale the views eiiterl.iiiad by thin (lovernnient upon the iiilerprelaliuu of the Treaty in Hie particulars above mentioned by Lord L'osrbery. That ■.ilerprctatiiui has Iieeu C(Uisidered wi'li the care whiih its character ilemands, und I am i-onstrained to t^ay that 1 cannot concur in it. It appears that, accordin;,' to thi^ view of L<ird Itosebery, all laalteis rehitino to tho nntul■(^ habits, and life hisloiy of iIm; fur-seals d the modes by which lliey are taken and killed, that is tu sa\', sulislantially, all tiie mailer ilpiui which ipieslioiis of fads arise between the parties, are relevant only to the (piestion of concurreiil IJeuulalious, and iiol lo the claim of a jiroperty inlcresL asHcrti-il liy l!in Tnlii'il :-!l;>.ti"<. Ii' ilii-< vimv Ihj con-.wl, it fullow.^ llial i\i' Tr.Mly iiial<L'.* no |ir.ivi.sin;t l)y wliiili till' iillu;,'iili(iii:i iiiiit ]iiii,il'< {)f tin: oiu- |(»rty \i]H>;t i; mtiownc;! inic-'tiim.s of I'li.-t may li- iirt, cimsiilcivtl, and nvi'icnuu' by Un! otlii'i'. I.-nl IJiwlwry liiia-eli" is alili; In )ioiiit tn no |iiovi>inu aliiiidiiiL; 111 llii,' |iail,ii's an ij|i|ioiliinity >(> f^si-iitial to tlie liix-i-rvatioii of llicir jnsl rights exi/i'iit that foiitainuil ill Aiticli- \ 1 1, wiiirli ili'claiv.s that in t!n^ iivniit tliiit tlii' Ailiiuiitui-s .iii; cuIIimI m;i'iii lo iMiUMiiliir tliu sn'iiji'i't of ((HilhiiiiiI l;,';,'iilat!oiis, " the liojKnt <if a Joint Cmiiiiiission to li,' a]i|i liul'jil l.y till' risju'flivi' (iov.'ininciilM shall In- hiiil U-fo:v thcni, witli such othi-r uviiU;iu:c as each (loViMiiiiU'iit may .-uluiiil." If this cliuis:' v.i-.rt; to in.- inlorinvli-l :i< ji^nuit! in>; the |iai-lii'-i to lay lirfni',' tin; Aiiuualois cviihiiii^ [in tiiiuiit to tin; siilijoct of concurrent lioiruhitions aftiT ihi; (.-xchau^'i; of llm (.'aso^ nnil till' ('ouiit(M-( 'asi's (a view to wliirii the I'uiteii States iloes not assent ). it ii'llai'.ily makes no ))rovisioii for the fiunishiiiL; of siieli eviiU-iiee iiy the one party to the other wliieli the l.'iiileil Stites insists upon as the essential rnniiition for tlie estahlislinienl of truth ii|iiin the (lis|iiiteil i|iiestinns of fiiei. When we oliserve the iiiihisirious eare with whieli the Treaty pioviiles for the furnishing' of Cases and Coiintei-Cases, the lirsl desi^^ned to cout;iiii the aIlej;aliona ami proofs liy wlii'li the j-espective jiarties may wish to .-upport their contentions, and the hi>t to eiiahle them to meet ami oveiioiiie the proofs aiMueed liy tlieir adviTsuries, is it )")ssilile to dottht that this iirovisiou w:n intended to cover the ease of disputed matters of faet .' I will not rejieat the argument m-,'ed in iuy note of the -7th .Septeiulier, desii^iied to show llio unreasiamljleiii ss ol' impntini; to tin; fniniers of the Tri-aty an intention so iueompalihle with tiiu essential eouditioiis of a jndiiial proceeding as thai which ai)pe^irs to li ■ atlrihuled to them hy I.or.l Jhiseliery ; Imt apiin calliii;,' tlie attention of Her Maj..'<ty'.s (loverninenl to the views exinvssed in tint; note, I \entilie to siij^yest, for the consideration of l>ini U oseliery, that when it appears hy the Treaty tli:it iiuinstrious care was taken to secure to each party to the controveisy a knowledge liefnrehanil of the allej,'atioiis and |a-ool's of Ilie other, to the end that it C'-ntest niiylit he the more intellii^ently made uiid the real truth more fully and c -rtainly esliihlishtil. it is not a sound iiiethod of interpretation to nullify the elleel of that intent hy ailachiui; hirge imjxjrt;uiee to the mode in which particular clai'.s- s of the docniiieiit ale ex|iiessed. Itwcul I seem to Ik! uiorr; consonant with rciison and with the familiar principles of the iiiterjuetation of written documents in such cases to dispose of any amlil.;'.iou.s lan^'uane in particular clausits liy a iTconciliiiiT con.stnictioa winch will permit tiiu known inljuticms of the framers of the document t> Iiave their eifect. Ajijilyiui; this rule <if intcrpretaliou to the case in iiuestiou, I am of the ojiinion that the pu; li- c.iilar expressions u|ioii which Lnd Itoseliery relies hiive nothing in them inconsistent with the pldn intention of the framers of the Treaty, its luauilesnii hy tb'j main iirovisioiis above referred to. So far as the iiartiitular lant;uaL'e of Article VII \i concerned, two observations are to he made : — 1. Inti rpretini; this htnouaoo as it stands in the Treaty, and without referiini^ to any fact (iliiiii h-, it appears to be ei[ually consistent with either view. The p lint at whi';h the Commissioners are to consiilir the matter of I'linciirreiit I!e;,'u!ations is fixed ; hut neither the time nor tht; iminl at which the j;e|ioit or olhi'r evidence is to he laid before them is fixdl. The inleiition may just as well have been that this should be done in the Cases, and iurnished hy the parties to each other. It is a fivipieiit occurrence in Jndii ial controversies that cases present all'.rnativo as]K'ct.s. Such instances do not cull for -ip irate lieaiiii'.' iiiid deri-ii,n ; iiut the evidence Uarin^ u[Hm each view is submitted at the outset, alihouuh it is well uiideisiood that ill cellaiu coiitiu^ehcies jxuU of the iillegalioiis and jiroofs will not he consideieil. i. As a m.ttter of fact, what now stands ,n Article Vfl of the Treaty was, in thi^ s-.nne lanL;ua:4y, part of an .\;,'reeinent entered into by the Diplomatic Ilepresentatives of the two nations bel'oiv the Treaty was concluded, and before the piovisious in relation to the exchanj,'e of Cases were framed. It is easy, theiefore. to see that all that was necessary at the time the -Article was first framed and au'iv'd npi.n was to ]irovide for the layiir,' befnre the Arbitrators of thi-ir Hc)iort and other evidence, leaviii'.^ the details of when and how such e\iiienie shouM be scuiouably fuinished by the resiiective parties to each iitlier to be thereafter settled in framing' other pnivisions of the Treaty. Touchiiii: the lan^ua'^c of .\itirle IX, relating to a continqeniv in which it is contemplated tiiat the li'i'iiorts miiiht not be laid before the .Arbitrators, and which contingency Lmd I'osebciy supposes to be that of .i ileleriiiination by the .Vrbitr-ator* nimn the live special i|UcsLiiius sulniiillcd to them adverse to the I'liited States. I bei.' I" submit that LonI Jioseln-ry is clearly :n error. The substance of Article IX was also emiiiaced In the Ai:reemeiit alnive referred to, wlii( h jac'eded the Treaty and created the .loinl t'onimisiion. .\lthoii'.;h at this time it was contemplated that an arbitration shoiiUl he provided for, it was yet Imped bv the ne^i'tiators on each •■ide that a salisf.iclnry scliemo of protection would be agreed to by the .loiiu (oinmi.ssion. The contin;jin(y leferred to was that of an iniibilily of the membeis of the Joint t.'ommissiou to (onie to an aitreeiiient satisfaitory to th'ir respevtive (lovernments, nnd not, as Lord lloseln'ry sn)>]K)ses. that of a deienuinalion upon the live special ipustions adv.'rse to the coiiti ntii'ii "f the I'liiteil States. A coiuiuuiiication i'roni Mr. Illaine, one of the iieLrot/niois, is apiiended hereto, showini; the circumstances uiniiu- which the autecedciit Ai_'reeiiicnl wa-. made, h is believed tiiat Sir .Juliai. r.iuncefote, the ue;;otiator on the pait of Her .Majesty's t lovei iinieul, will not ili?sint from liiis statement. Kor the above ieiis<ins I (animt concur in the reasoning of Ijinl IJoseherv, based upon a special consideration of the hiiioua;^e of paiticuha tl.iuses of the Treaty. If his inlcipietation of the Treaty ia oorrei t, the whole matter of the submissjiui of evidence ami of ariiuiiieiit as to malteis all'ecliiiv; tli8 (pu'siion of iie;,'otiations is, as I have already sujf;;e.«ied, left without any pieiiiipiiiui of methods or limitations as to time. In view of the cari' t.iken in these particulars in the Treaty as to the Case ami Counter-Case and .Vriiuiueiit, it is not to be sup)K).sed that sucli an omfssion would have oecuni'd. The piovisious made were ]ihiinly intended to cover all matteis submitted. 1 am clearly nf the opinion that the clauses cited by Lmil !!o»elK>ry, when pro|>iily e\aiiiin"d in coniieetion with the cireumstiinces under whicli they weru fi.imetl, cuiitaiu liothin;; iiicoi sislciil with the plain ','enci,il iiitwitinii of tlm Tvpiity tn socuri' tn cacli ]iaitv an <i|iiioitiinity to meet iiml nvcrroinc the nllcfinfions mid i]ro(ifs (if lii-i ail\<'rsai'y u|>ciii (lis|aitcil iiiu'slions of I'ai'l : uiid cvoii il tlic^^i' <'laiiFii's sli'.iiM si'i'in to (•(iiitaiii ■.iiatlcr I'liniisliiii'.' -uiiii' siippdrf tn tin- views cxim'ssi'il Ky r.niil linsi'tHTy. a lariiiliav iiilc of law would icciuiri' us to siiliorilinatc the infiTt'iirc tlicy may sui.'y('st In the luaiii ]aiii»isf of tl;o jiaitit'S. It is a iiiatti'i-oi' IVi'iiueiit oiaaiiTciin' wliiM'c Aiiri'cini'iits ionic lirlorc .Fudii'ial 'I'liliuuals I'or iiiti'r]ir('tnlioii tliat iiirniiLjniitics aiv lound lu'lwiiMi tlioso jiarts of a writiu',' wliicli express llif main ]iur]ios(' of its fmiiiiTs and those wliii.Ii i-idatc to snliordiuati' details. Sueli ineonc'iuities are always disposed of liy a reeoneilin^ eonstruitinii wliieli secuies tlie main olijei't wliieli llii' parties had in view. I entirely at.'ri'e to tlie ohservation of Lonl RosehriT. to tin' ell'ect that the rif;lit of property in fur-seals di'penils uijon ipiestioas •>[ law; hut I conceive that the pi'eeisc ijuestions of law cannot ho known, ami eainiot. tln'fefore, he di'ti'rmined, until tlu^ farts out of whicli they arise arc known ; and I oannot eiuicur with Lord lloseliery in the view which appiMrs to he entertained Ipy him, tliat the facts C(UlPernint' the nature anri lial'its of fui-seals, and the modes hy wliicli their increase n.ay hi' n-.ado stibservienl to the usi'.'-. of man without eudan'.'erin;,' the existence m' the .stock, are not ]iertincnt to the claim of the I'ldted States to a property interest. (In the contrary, I ri'.L'ard tliesi; facts as in the Iii;4hest dcrree important. Ifavini; thus exiiress.'d the views ontertiiined hy the ( oivernmctit of the I 'niteil States upon the aruunieut •>( Lord L'osehery in support of liis inteqiretation of the Treaty, it iTinains for mi- to add thn.t [ am iiis!rucred hy the I'lesident to say that he appreciates the s]iiril of eipiity and liherality in wdiich Lord lio^ehevy. uliil" insisting; upon his own interpretation, jiraetically to .some extent at least, and I hope fnlly.yii'Ids to the (lovernmeut of the rniteil Slates the hem-lit ol' its intcrpretatinu hy I'lirnishili;.^ tj) the latter the sepanite Iteport of Her Majesty's < 'ommissioucrs, with the jvrniission that tlie same he treated as ]iart of the ori'_'iual Case on the part of (!rcat liritaiu. If, as L helieve and assume, this Hejiort contains suhsiantially all the matter which Her Majesty s (ioverument will itdy upon to .siijiport its contentions in respect to the nature and Inihils of fur-seals, and the modes of cajplurin;; thiiin. r entertain a confident hope that all further dilliculty upon the questions discn.ssed in this note luay he avoided. [ deem it necessary, howevi'r, to say that the ftovernmcnt of the I'mtcd States will, shouhl occasion arise, tirndy insist upon its inierprotation of the Treaty, and that it reserves the rij;lil to jirotest ac;ainst and oppose the sulnni.ssion to, an. I reception hy, the Arhitrators of any mutter which may he inserted in the Ihitish Counter- Case which may not \\e justified as relevant hy way of reply to the Case of the I'niti d States. The Pi-esideiit is further '_;r.itilied hy the re.idiness manifested hy Lord I'o.sehery to concur with the fiiivcrnmeut of the ruited .Si^oes in respect to sn(di extension of time ua may he needed in denlini,' with ihe Report of which he has fundshed a copy. This friendly offer will he communicated til the Couiisid on h'diall of the I'uited .States, and their wishes will ho made known to your Legation or the Ih'itish A;;ent. I liave, &c. (Signed) .lOITX W. I'd.STKR. Inclosnre J in No. u. ,]fr. lUniiie to Mi: Funlcr. Sir, 17, M^iilisiiii I'liicf, ll'imhiniiloii. NorcmlKr H. liS'.)2 AI-TI'd; an arl'itratinn had heen rciolvcd upon lietween the .Auu'rieau and Britisli (ioveruments, a special v,,\y ijoudeuce lieiwe.-u the Department of .State and l.oid .Salisliiiiy ensued, extendiui^ froni early in .Inly to the ndddle of N'uvemlicr IS!I|. Tlie various subjects which were to he discus.sed. and the points which were to he decided, hy the .Vrhitrators in the affair of the liehrinj; Sea were agreed n\vm in this eorrespoudence. A nionlli later Sir Julian I'auncefote, the T.ritisii Minister, and myself arran;4ed the corre- spondei'.ce and reduced Ihe propositions ;iiid couiitir-pro|iosiiicins ton .Memorandum which was signed hv IIS on till' iHth Decemher. Siilisei|niiiitly, the cpiestions which had arisen helween the two (•overnnients conceniin;; the jiiri.sdiclional ri^jhts of the fnited Slates in liie waters of the Hehrint; ,Seii Were expressed in the fijrni of a Treaty conclnderl at Wasliinetou on the Ij'.lth Kehruary, ISilli. This Treaty was advised hj the .Senate on the 2!ith March. l.S',11'. latilicMl hy the President on the 21ind Aiiril, ratilications exchanj;ed lai Ihe Ttli May, and proclaimed on the '.)tli ilav, IM!)!.'. In all these steps, includiui: the iiirrcspiindence witli Lord S;ilisliury, the Memoiandiiin ciuicluded Wtwi'en Sir .riilian and myself and the Treaty that was ultimately proclaime.l on the '.Hh May, 1.S!)2, rtiid which was ueeoliated liy Sir .Iiilian and myself, not one word was said or iutimalcd lespecting the ipiesiiun now raised hy Ihe Ih'itish (loverii incut as to a secondary siilimi.ssion of evidence ait"!- the llist five points set forth in .\rtiele VI had heen decided hy the .\rhiliators. Il was never inliinate,', that any other mode of ))roceedinii should he had than that which is expressed in .Vrticles Itl, IV. inid V of the Tiviiiy. I shall he surprised if Sir .riilian I'auniefote shall differ in the slightest degree from this recital «f foots. I have, &e. (Signed) d.VMKS i;. liLAINK 9 Iiiclosiire il ill \ii. '■>■ Mriiiiiriniih'iii nf J.'ji-ei i.irni rcfi-i-i-nl In m Mr. JJhiinr'.i Lii/n- vf Sm, niln'r S, 18'J2. TlfK T'lllii'viiir; is the t'-'Xl tif Arliolos foi' iiiSfVtiiMi in tlic I'lcliring Sua Arliitiiilinii A,i,'rcem(ii( us si'ttli'i! ill llii' cli;iiiiiii;iti ■ (.■rirruspoiKl.'iicc lii'twcni llie ( icvcnniiLMit nf tliv rnitcd Sttitfs iiinl tlic (!(jVL'riiliii'iit 111' Ci'ciit I'liitiiiii : — 1. Wliiit rxi'liisivi' jmi, ilii'liiui in tlic S"n. ikiw knuwii ;is liii' I'.i-lnini; Sen. mid wlnii fxclusivc ri},'lits in tin,' si^.il li<lic'iii's lliiM'cin, did liiiHHi". assiMt ;ind I'Scici^e iniur ;iiid n]i !■ llic tinii' ol' tlio cession nf Aln^kii to tlii' I'liiti-d Stiitcs? L'. IIiiw fur wiTi' llicsc cliiinis ol' JMi'i.--dictiiiii ;i . In ll;i- ficiil lisliflii-^ lOfnoni/cd und conceded Ir_v lilriil I'.rituiii ; ;i. Wiis tlic liody iif watfl- now Iciiciwn as llic llcliiin;,' Sea inuhidcil in the plinisi' " I'ai-ific (.Icuiiii," ns iisrd in the Tiwity nl' IX^ri liclwi-fii CJi-rat Hiitain auil I'n.ssia, and what liglits, if any, in tlir liiliiiii'-' Si'ii, were lii'ld and cxtln-ividy cxurriscd liy IJiissia aflri' said Ti'fiUy .' 4. I)id iKit all llic n;4lits of llassia as to Jiilisdii tiou, and as to tlic seal tislicrics in I'diiinj,' Sea cast of llic wiiU'i- liovindaiT in tlic 'l"l-oiily Iictwccn tlic fiiilcd Stales ami liiis.sja of tlic ;!Otli ^laidi, \W7, i>ass iiniinpaircd to the I'liitcd States iiniier llial Tlcaty ' .".. Has tlic Ciiiteil Stati.-s any ri,':;lit.and. if so, what riL;lit of liroteetnai or pvopcrty in llie fiii-'eals l'rei|iicntin\' llic islands of llie riiitcd States in ndiriii,^' Sea wlicli sueli seals are loiuid outside tlic ordinary .".-niilc limit ' (i, If tlic dclcriiiinalion of the Invc^oiie^ question- as l.i tic exchisive Jini-iliclion of llic I'liited Slates sli.dl leave tlii! sidijcct in siuli i>o>ilion that the eolieiirrcnc-c of Ureal I'lritain is necessary to the estalilisliiuciit of i;i-uulations for llic i.ro]ier protection and |iieservatioii of the fnr-scal in, or haljitually rcsortiiiu to, tlic licliriii!,' Sea, the Arhitrators sludl tlien dclcrniiiic wlial eoiicuiTent liegulutioiis outside the jurisdictioiiaj limits of the rcspeclivo Cuivcrnniciits are necessary, ami over u hat vaturs such l.'e-ulalioiis should extend, ami lo aid tlioiii in that dctenniniitioii llie I.'cport of a Joint (."oniniissiiin to he niipointed liy I'le respective! Govenimeiits .^liull lie laid liufore llicin, with such other evidence as cither (iovcriiniciit may suliniit. The ConlnicliiiL; I'uwcr,- fiuthcrniorc agree to co-operate in .securinu' tlu adhesion of other Towers to pudi li'cyidalioiis. 7. 'J'lie icspectivc ( 'lovcrnmcnls having found tlicniselves uiiaMe lo agree upon a reference which ,sliall ineliidi^ the ((ucstioii of the liiihilily of each for the injuries alleged to have been .sustained hy the Dllicr, or liy its citizens, in eonncclion with the claims presented and urged by il, and being solicitous that this iiubordinalc ipicstinii should iiol interrupt or longer dcl.iy the siiliinission and iletermination of the iiiiiin ipieslions, do agree thai either iii;iy submit to the Arbitrators any nuestion of fact involved in said claims, ami ask for a limling thereon, the (picslion of the lialiility of either Govern- nieiil iiiion the facts found to be the snhject of further ncgotiatio!!, ^.sioncd» .lAMKS c. rd.AlXK. •in.i.w I'.M'XiKruTi:. y>,r.;„/..,' IS, 1H01. Till- folliAving is the ie\i o|' the hchring >• .i doint ( ■uiiiinission .Vgrceiiicnt as settled in the iliploiiialic coiTcspondencc liclwirii the ( Jovcrniiicnt nf ihe I'nitcd Slates and the (ioveriimciit of (ireat lilitaiii : — Kaeh (iovcrnmciit :,U:\\\ appoi'il two Commissioners to investigale, eonjoinlly witlrtlie Cumiiiis- sioncrs of the other ( lovernnicnl, all llie fads having relation to seal life in lieliriiig Sea, and the ineasiircs necessary lor its iirojiev protection and ])reservation. The four (.'oinniissioiiers shall, so far as they may be able to iigieo, make a Joiul l.'cpoil to each of the two (iovernmeiits ; and lliey s'adl also ri'port, eillic! jointly or severally, to each (lovcrniuent on any points upon wldch lliey may be unable to agrei . These li'eporls shall not be made luiblic until they shall be submitted to tin; Arbitrators, or it sliidl aopiar that tlu' cniitingcnev of their being used bv the Arbitrators cannot aiisi'. ■ ■ (Si-ncd) .l.\MKS U. ni.AIXK, dll.I.V.V I'At'NlKi-dTi:. l)a;,:)hcr IS. IS!' I. uital [1171 D 10 IikIosuii' 4 in X<i. Ij. Mrmoiimilvm hniulril Ui Mr. Iticbn-t hi/ Mr.Fvilir. Xi.iruiUr 0, ISO-'. Ml!. FOSTHl! .siif^uc.-t.-i llml llic timo li\(il in lln' TumIv fur jH.'.seutiilinn nf tin; inintdl .VijjiniK-iit is in:uk'(iUiitf, cspcciiilly in view nf llic' 1'ulI tluit, llir Ciuim.'-lI oT tliu I'nitiicl Stati'S will have to (•on.-innif n onusiduiiilili- \i-m\. hI' tliiit time in cvos.sinj,' tiro dcciui iil'tiT ivcoipt uf the Cciuntci-Ciise and prejiuiiil i(in ol' the AiiriMiu'nl. It lias lu'en ronti nijilatnl al'lci- ih" .\rL;iiiniMit was rciujil.-iiMl to translate the same inlii Kreneli. It is niiiniii'st that all this (HmmoI he )iiviiiei'ly aeeiiiii]ili>heil within thirty (lays, llavini; in niiml the oiler niiule in T-onl Itoselwry's note of the l.'llh Ueloher of v. furllier e.xlensiijn of time, if cU-sired hy the t'nilc-il StJites, in view of the late date at which the Itepoit of tli(! Uritixh Conuiiissioners v.as delivered, \\\. Koster ]'ro|ioses that it he agreed hetweiMi th.i' two (Jovern- nieiits tliat, on the nieeliii;.; of tlie Trihnnal of Arhilration, if the Aj,'eiit of either (lovernnient shall n.sk the Arhitrators for an adjoiirnment of not I'xeeedinu' Ihiitv days to enahle ihi: printed Ar;4ument lu bo tiled, the A;;enl of the other (lovernmeiil will also siiii|)ort tlie uvjuest. No. 4. Sii- ./. I'imii'cfiitc ti> Mi: FvsUr. Dear Mr. Toster, U'<t.\hiii;iloii, Jinnitir,/ ~. 1K9U. WITH ifferenee to our i onver.sation at the Dejiartment of State on the .'jth instant respeetini^ the interpretation fihued on Arli(de VII of the Itehriiij,' Sea Tiealy in y<rar note (o Mr. Jliiliert of the 9th Xoveniher last, ami to the appeal therein made to niysell' personally in connection with thi^ point under diseussion, I now hej; leave to send to yon. as airan.ued, a Memorandum of the ;jroumls on which 1 feel hound to di.sclai;n the views inferentially altribiileil to mc. I remain, &i\ (%ned) jri.lAN I'Al.Nt Kl'UTK Inclo.<iine in .No. t. M,iiU'i(in(/i'i,i nil Mr. I'vslcr's Xilr In Mi: llivUil njWcniiili ,■ U. IS!)L'. SlXCf! my return lo \Vasliin,L;toii I have had an oj'iiortuidly of examining' the oflieial ciirre,s].on- deuee wliii'h has t.iken phee lietween Her Majesty's (oiveinment iiiid lli.nt of the I'ldted States e;i thi^ ipiestion whether the .snhjeet of eoueuireni Iiej;ulations, which um'er Artiele VII of the liidiriu',' Seii Arliitration Tl^'aty are in the eoiiliu^eney therein mentioned lo he determimcl hy the Arhitraton?, shouhl have I'len dealt with in the iirinled (.'ase delivered fu hehall' of Her Majesty's (iovernmenl. I (ind that in a note from ;\Ir. faster ti> Mr. llerliert ipf the !tth Xoveiuher last I am inferentii " appealed to hy .Mr. i'oster, and also hy Mr. IJIaine, in snpjiort of the eonlention of the I'/iiied Stav.es (iovernmenl that the eonlinueney meiiticjned in .\rticle VII doe.s not refer 'o the dei ision of the .Vrhitrators on the five spociul (piestions suhmilted to them, hut to the inahility of the .loiut Com- inlssion to pome to lui agro'.'uient as lo the Seal lie^'idatinns. I am a! a loss to iinihrsland ihi.s referem e to m<', as throujjhoul the whole of my ncuotiatlon.'j with Mr. Illaiiif, ami (duriu-; his jnolon^ed illness) with the ,V.ssistant Seeretaries of Statu (Messrs. Wharton, Adee, and Moore), not one word wa.". ever sjioken or written whieh eoidd even su.i:}.'esl the helief that I ever held any view ns to the intention of tin' two (lovernments on iho point in ijucstion other than that whieh is ]>laiidy expre.ssed in Artieles \'1I and IX of the Treaty. With res|ieet to tho.se Artieles. Mr. I'osti.r states that the " C(in!in.U''ney relerred lo was that of an inahility of the memhers of the .loint Commission to eonn^ to an ajiretMuent sati.sfaetory lo their • lovernments, and mil, :ls Lord Kosehery .sup]oses. that of a determination upon the five spccifti ipiestions adverse to the eonlention of the I'liited Stales." Mr. I'ostcr ndd.s : "It is helievod that Sir .lulian Pauneefote, the neeotiator on the par! of Her Majesty's (ioverninenl, will not dis.seiit from this statement." I desire to reeoid my entire dissent from that view. ]l follows as a nei.'esBnry eonsefpU'iiee that if the Arhitrators should determine thai tin; eoncurreuee of (ireal llritain is not neees.sary to the estnhlishmeut of l.'eguliUious for thi' iirolei'tion of seal life, the. seal lishery wiudd theiueforth he exehisiv<'ly ref.'nlated hy the nomieipal law of the United StatCH, and no " eoiieurient " liejiulntionu Would he neees.sary. Therefore .Vrlide \'II providr's that if it shall he deeiiled that (he i oueurieii! f (Ireat ilritain in any sueh lieiiulations is necessary, the Arhitralors shall Hi' n determine what thos{. IJeyula- tioiis shall he. Ailiele IX provides that the joint ami several l!ep<iits of the D'lnmissionors ii.ay he suhmilled lo 10 A tlie Arbitrators " sliciiild tin- coiitiiigciicy tliertfoi- Miisc;' ain' linllitr, lliiit ilie ('<>iiiiijissii)iicr< sImII Miiikc a .Tdint Ifi'i"'rt "sii I'mv .is tlicy may lir- able In a;ir(M','' ami that tbtir liciiorts, jniiit aiul several shall nut be luailf ijablic until they shall he suhiiiiUcil tii llu- Arbitrators, 'or it shall iiiipear that tlm <:ontiii;^'eiu'y of tlic.-ir bi'iii;_' nsrd by tin' Arbitratiirs I'aiiiint arisi'." Xd iitlier cuiitiiigcmty is mcliliiiiicci iiH.hu Treaty than that e.\|irc.ssly laid iluwii in Article V'll, iiaiiii'ly, a di'cisiuii uu the first live jioiiit- which shall mxcssitate eniicurreiit Kcj^idatimix Yet it isiiov/ |iniii(ised (111 hebalr iif the United St;ite.s' (lovenimeiit to siibgl^tiite an entirely "ew and diftiTcnt; " eiiiitingeiiey," mikiinwn to the Treaty, and in ■ .nitradietion with its laoral and i-ea.snnabh- sense. T\u' lernis of Aitiele \'[I are .so ilear ami unainbiyiiou;! as to jireelude any extrinsic evidem e (if it existed) to niodily their |aiiiio]t, for such evidence is admissible only to explain wliiiL is doulilfiil. be.t not to contradict wliat is jiLiiii. .Mr Foster incloses in his note a letter from Mr. I'laine, in which the ex-Soeretaiy of Stale, after brielly reviewing the lOiir.sc of the negotiations, lacjceeils as follows: " Not one word was said or intiuiatod lesjicctinL; tlio c(iU'stion now raisi'd by tln^ lirilisli (iovernnient as to a secondary subaiission of evidence after the lirst live points set forth in Article VI had I een decided liy tlai .\rbitrntors. It was iK'ver intimated that any other niodi^ of pioceediiej; ?boidd be had than that whicli is jiicscribeil by Articles III, IV, and ^' of the Treaty.' lie adds, "I .hall he .snr iriseil if Sir .1. Panncc^fote shall differ in the slii,'litest from this recital of faet,.s." In the fiisi jiluce, I bej; leavi' to reninik that the i|Heslion was not " pii.sed Ijy the liriti.sh Piovi'm- niciit," It w.is raised by the I'liiled States' ( !ov.'riiment, who. as I ventnre with u'reat respect to contend, irremiliuly snbmitie<l in their printed Cae evidence ami ar.'nnienls respectin;.^ eoncnrient l!i"4ill.ition- which the Arbitrators are only eiii|iowered to receive and deal with in the ciutin^'iiey nicntioned in Article \'ll, liiat is to say,iii the even! of coiicnrreiil le'gulatioiis Ijeiii'j; held neces.sury, and who afterwards ]iidte.sted aoainsl tlie absence of all such matter in the llrilish Case. In the next place, the omi.ssion of any provision in the Treaty ns to the mode of presentation of .such evidence is ipiite natiiKiKand easily exjilained. The I'oiitinoenry of srch evidence liein" nsed eonld not arise until after the ileeision of the Arbi- tiators on the livi- special ipiestioiis. It was ipiile unnecessary, therefore, to di.scnss diuinij the. neijotiations, and by way of anticiiinli(ai. the mode in which tli.nt eviilence shoiihl be bi'in!,i,'ht bel'nre the Arbitrators, Thoc ontin^ency of that evidence beiii;:; used befoie the Arbitrators niiglil never arise, and, if it did, the mode of its ])resentation would be a matter of procedure for the TiibiinnI to .settle. Imieed. any ili.scnssioii on that iioiiit would have been ]aeniatiive, a.s anticijiatiii,:; .-t decision adverse to the I'nited States on the live s] ccial cpiestions. llr, Foster suceeeded to the ollice of HeiTelary of State .tfter thi> Tivuty was si.u'ned, and his icl'eriMlces ti' ini'. therefoie, woiiM .seem to bc^ based entirely on Mr. lilaiue's letter. Hut it will Ik! observed that in that letter Mr. llhiine appeals to nie only to eonlirm his '■ recital of facts," and not to sa|i|ioii till' conclusion which lii^ ilraws from tlu' Treaty beiiij; silent as to the time or mode of pre- .seiitin^- the eviilenci' and arguments in relation to concurrent lie.uulation.s. It cannot, I thiiil;, bo i'int"iidi(l thai the ipiestion is nfferletl by the fact that the two .se])aiate Aiireements of the l:>th December, ]t<'H (of whii;h copic.i are annexed to Mr. Waine's letter) were iiltimatcly embodied in one and I lie same Treaty. I have already slated the ^rounds on which it appears to me that tin- inlcipietiuion pla< ed by Mr. I'oster on the Tivaty, taken in its enfirety, cannot be :.up])oiicd. 1 think it may '«> eonvc.iii'iit, in conclusion, to recall how the two Ai;rfi(;ment.s came to he iiicluiled in one instrunient, contrary lothe oritjiiial intention of the Ili;^h ("ontraetiiiLj I'arties. The pioposal of Her Majesty's (bivernment lor the aiipointment of a .loinl t'l'mmissioii was for a lono .ime o]iposed by the rnited State-,' llovernnieiu. It was refii.sed by Mr. ll'aine wlieii orioin.illy su,u«ested in my note if the i'Hth Ajiril. l.SDll (lilue liook •' L'niled States No. i; (IM)i))," p. 4."i."i)», as part of a scheme of settlement of the dispute. It was a;,'nin refused by Mr. lllaine when lu-i'ssed on him by luc while neifotiatin:,' the nv^iliiji fin-ifli of l,Sill,as reported in my despii.tch No. ,S1 of the JTlli April of that year (see lilue I'.ook " I'liited Stales No. 2 ( IH!'! )," p. L'). " Diiiiiio the followinj; two months the negotiations were continued, on iiehalfof the I'nited Stat-'s' (oiVi-niiuent, by Mr. W. Wharton, the Actin, Sei-ntary of State. In my letters to him of the Kith and 1 Itli dnnc, l.S'.II. 1 again strongly niged llie a]i)i.iintnieiU of ii .loinl Commis.sion — and. indeed, under insi ructions fniin the Mai'i|uisof Salisbury, I made it a eondiiioii oi' signing the mu</U'i n'lniili. Itwasthi'U that the I'liited .states' (iovcrnmcnl ciaiseiited to the ap|i.piiit- inciii of a .Toiiit Comnii.ssioii, with a slipulalion that the Agreement should be .s'-parate from, though signed -imultanciiiisly wi(h,the Aibilralioii .\greeiiient (.see Mr. Wharton's letters of the HJth and -."itli .lime, l.SDl (Idae llook '• I'nited States No. ;j," pp. Xi and.M). In his letter of the 11,'ith.Iiine Mr. Wharton wiote thus: " It being imdei-tooil that an arr;ingcment lor a J.iint ( 'oiniuissioii is to be madeconl'.-mpoianeiai.-ly with the (••inclusion of the ternis of arbitral ion, I am directed by the I'lesident to prop.ise the following sejiar.ite .Agieeinent." The .Vgreeiiii'iils wi-re therefore ke]it separate, and with distiiicli\i' headings, nx shown in llu- copies annexed to Mr. Hlainc's letter, liut when the dial't Treaty was vlrawii iiii and handed lo mc for the ajiproval of Mi-r Majesty's (iovernmeiii I observed that it comprised both .Vgreements, and in reply to my iiiipiiry as to ihe reason for this deii:irtnre from llie original arrangement, I wa.-i infornieil tlial. the .toint Commission .\greciiicnt entailed ,iii cNpenditure of piiMic money, ainI niusl be l.iiil before iho Senate, as well as the .\rbilratioii .Vgreenient, and that it was considered more eonveiiienl thai Ihu whole arrangement shoidil be comprised in the .same instrument. This exphinalion was accordingly r.-)ioiteil by me to the Manpiis of Salisbury in my dcsiialcl- No. o-l of the -Uh February, 1.S',I2, • Tlf. ItrilMk PHrliaiiii-iit,!-) Pdj^TS r!to 1 .a thi* .^^t>moran,llttll ,ir^- iiii»vit-tl lo llu- Hritiali Cii3_\ .Aj>|v-in!i\, vol. iii. 10 li tn.iisiuilli.iu' till- 'haft v{ \h,- Ticiily Ini tin- Mitv^a'. "f Her Muj-Mv.. ( n.vrnii.i,-ul. (IMiic r.....K-. ••Iiiitia Stub's Nu. :i(l.S<.iJ)," 1.. 141.) . , ,. , It Wii.- iiut PU'JKi'sli'd at lIiMt liiiR' lliiil llic I'lTrut nl .•inlif«lyn].u llir t\\n Ai^iciiuciil. in nni- iiivtfiiiiu'Mt w.iiiM Lrtii iiitiodu. '• iiiiv iiinoviitii.M ill l!ic |iioci'.lmi' iis iiii.lcistocl wlini tlic .\Hm■mlMll^■ wic kcj.t s('i.uratc'. ir Miiy such I'liirt Imd licm culi'iiiiilalcil by llii' rnitnl Slntcs (.(ivi'inniiul il >viiii!(l smvlv li.ivr lifcu iinintcil imt t(p me at tliiit time. . , i .. 11,1 jraii-^tVstioVCTinielll IiaviiiL' a',ne..il, in a spilil nf lilieiallty aial eniuiliatinii, I li.il llic 1,; |.ui t ,,| the llrili-ii (Vliil.ii>'.^i i;- .'iliall Iniiii i.arl ..f llie I'.ritisli Case. 1 tiil.-,t thai llii.-< ai.s(ii>.-i(>ii may iiul lie leiiewr.l. r.ul as 1 lia\e heeli apicah^il to liuth by llie l.irscul ami .■X-Secivlaiy uf State, 1 teal- tliat nileiae <.n my vait miuhl he tak-ii as an aeiiuieseeii.e in th.' iuteiinelatloM init. on the 1 iraty 111 Mr Fnsti'i's ll.ite (if tlie '.Itli Novemhei. I tlieirlui,. h'ol liniiiid tn nllei- the above ..bsi nations on that note, an.l 1 muIuiv lo lioiu- ilial llu'V n.ay throw riiilla r li^;ht on iliesiibjirt.aiul i.iodily llie e.,nebisioiis aniveil at Iiy the L'niled Sluti s' (lovernment. (Si-iiedl Wi'slini'jton. Ji'-iiiifmi 7, lt*!'o. jn.i.\N r.\i Nt'Ki'Oii:. Ill mil- ■(•(■llll'lll^ Mijl- i! it cJI, f..il lll:i\ llul Ihiit I'lCl nil Iv in tllat iclil •ilcillS l'( iTK ( 11 ) TfanshitioHS of Russian Documents furuished in United States' Case. [TliP lift-hnnd column coiitniiii the tnnslntions originally furnished l)_v tho Unitid Slntes' Government in Vol. t of the Appendix to their Cns:'. In the ri<»ht-hnnd column revised trnnsliitions are );iven. Nos. I to 10, 12, nnd 15 hiivinj; lieeii witlidrnnn liy th(! United State*, the revised trnnsliitions of these documents have been made for II.t Miiie«t\"» fiovernment fron> the far-ximilet of the original Uussiaii text niinexed to tho Case of the United Slates'. Of the remuinder, viz., Xos. 11, l.'i, 11, and 10 to 31. the amended version*, recently supplied by the United Status, have Iweii adopted. Where any material differenros between tho original and revised translations occur the passages have been anderliiied, with tac addition of braeliets ia thu ciuo of interpolations.] Oric.iv.m. TRAN.'SLATIOX. No. 1. Almtrnrl of Lvttcv from the Mliiisler of Finance to Ihe. Minister of Marine. IVritlun from St. I'elcrshurij, April 0, ISiO. TUKi Comuiittec of Ministers app linted l)y His Majesty on ti.e 8th day of .July. 1819, instructed the Alinister of Internal .Affairs to collect all informnlion o)>tniiial)le relating to the deterinination of tlic future rii^lits and privileges of the Uussian-Ainericim Com|)any. Subsequently, upon liigliest request, the De- partment of Manufactures and Internal Commeroo. together with the Russian-.Vincricaii Company, submitted statements on this subject supported by the Annual Reports of the Hoard of Adminis- tration and by the testimoiij of the commanders of ships sailing in those regions, from which I learn that tho foreigners, especially the citizens of the North Amcrieaii States, come to our Colonies in their ships and carry on both openly and secretly a trade with the native inhabitjints, doing thereby great injury and wrong to our Settlements in tl eir tratti<', nnd also endangcrinf;' the general interests by furnishing the islanders with various arms and ammunitions. In view of the recent establislnnent at these Colonies, nnd of the absence of forces required to prevent such irregularities, and of the sm.ill iiuinber of Kiis.'iians scattend over an area of nearly 4,<M)0 versts, the Coiiipaiiy fiiuls it im- possible to occupy all hicaiities in siiHicient numbers to prevent the foreigners from main- taining their illegitimate interrourse with the nntiie inhabitants, and fniin exercising their pernicious intUience upon them. In this con- nection I linve taken into consideration that the interests of the Conipanv, its establisliments and objects are inseparal)le from the interests of the Government, and it ii])pears of the most im- perative neccssitv for the preservation of our sovereignty in the north-western i)art of America S md on the islands and w.ttcrs situ.tteil between leiiij to maintain there continuously two ships of the Imperial ileet. This object will, in my opinion, be most readily accomplished in the following manner : Starting in the month of .\ugust or September of the present year, one of these armed ships can sail fur the Island of Sitka, and the otlier ri'7.i ReVISEIp Tl!.\N.--r..\TION. No. 1. Copy of a Lc'terfrnni t/f Minister of Financ' to the Minister of Morim, ilate'i April '.», 1S20. (No. H.) BY a decision of the Council of Ministers, which received His ^Injesty's sanction on the Hth duly. ISr.i, the Minister of the Interior was called upon to collect fidl information on the question of the proposed changes in the arrange- ments in connection with the Russian-American Company. Subsequently, when, by His Majesty's order, the Department of Manufactures and Internal Commerce, and with it the Russian-American Company, were placed under the direction of the Ministry of Finance, tlie subject came before me for my con.'iider.ition. I have gathered from the vaiions Reports of the Hoard of Administration, as well as from tho observations of the Com- manders of ships that have visited tliose parts, that foreigners, especially citizens of the North American States, come to uiir Colonies in tlieir ships, and carry on both openly and secretly a trade with the native inhabitants, nnd do injury and wrung to our Settlements by their proceedings, and, most of all, by supplying various kinds of arms to the islanders. .\s the Colonies have only lately been founded, and Hs they do not possess sutKcient forces to remedy these evils, a small number of Itussinns being scattered over an area of nearly 1,000 versts, the Company is unable as yet to occupy all points in such a manner as to prevent the foreigners from eontinuing their foi-bidden intercourse with the .'\mcficans and islanders, or exercising their inrtiieiice over thciii. Under these circumstances, cinisidcring that the interests of tho Company, its foundation, and its objects are inscparal)ly con- nected with tho interests of the t lovernment, is appears to be very necessary, if wc arc to keep our hold over our pussi-ssions in the north- western part of .\merica ami o:'. the islands situated in t!ie ocean, that two -;liips of the Imperial navy should be kept constantly in that part of the world. This i)roposal will, in my opinion, be best carried out in the following manner : Starting in the month of August or September of this year, one of these ships of war sluiuld arrive nt the Island of Sitka, and the other at the E Original Tiiaxslation. for tlie harbor of Pctropavlovsk, nrrivins; there in tlie month of April or Mny 1S21. Tlic first havinj; (h.scharj;eil at Sitka any carfto which may be intrusted to the comnmndur, should sail to the northward along the American roast to Kndink ; should the commander receive at any of these places no s|)ecinl information as to forciirn con- trabandists from the manager of the Kiissian- Amcrican Company's Colonics, he may pursue his course to the westward, iiiid having thoroughly examined the shores of the Aleutian Islands, the coast of Kamchatka, the Kurili' Islands, [and the intervening waters,] he i.iay return for the winter to the liarhor of Petropaviovsk. The other ship, however, having examined the eastern coast of the Kamchatka peninsula up to 62*^ of n. Ihcrn latitude an<l the west coast of America from this latitude to the Island of Unal.tska, [and the intervening waters,] sliould proceed to Kiidiak, and troni there to .Sitka for the winter. 'I'lic ohjct of tlie cruising of two of our armed vessels in the localities above- mentioned is the protection of our ' 'oloiiies and the exclusion of foreign v essels engaged in tnifllc or inilu stry iiiju rioiis to tli Ciinij)any, as 12 TiEvisF.i) Tranrlatiov. port of I'etropavlovsk in April or May 1S21. riic first, having discharged at Sitka any cargo she may have for that place, will proceed in a northerly direction along the American coast to Kadiak. and if she does not receive there any special information in regard to foreign smugglers from the Manager of the Colonics of the Russian- American Company which may cause her to change her plans, she can continue her course in a westerly direcfinii, and, after inspecting the shores of the Aleutian and Kurile Islands, return to the port of I'etropavlovsk to winter there. The other ship, after inspecting the eastern shores of the peninsula of Kanitchatka as far as 02" nmth latitude, and the western sliores of Anurica from that meridian to tlie Island of Uiialaska, will pay a visit to Kadiak, and thence proceed to Sitka, where she will winter. The object of the cruizing of these two armed vessels in the localities iiicMtinned above is the protection of our Colonies and the prevention of the prohibited iiitcrciiiirse between the foreign interests of tlie Knssian ships on the one liaiiil, and tlie Compaiiv's as to tlio-^e of the native in- estahlisliineiits mid the native iiiliahitants on tin habit ants of those regions. If ill the following year, 1S21, two similar ships are dispatched from our Baltic ports, they could, in ^lay or June of the year l^22, relieve the ships sent out in IH'iO, and the latter could return to their home jiorts by the middle of 1823. In this maimer two ships of war would always be ])re.ieiit in the Colonics, and the Coin|iany would Ik- assured of their iirotcetion. In addition to the other advantages resulting from this arrangement, it would afford a most excellent oppurl unity for the ofiicers of the Imperial navy to perfect tlienisclves by practice in the science of navigation. In submitting this proposition to your Excel- lency, 1 consider it unnecessary to enumerate in detail the advantages resulting therefrom, but }'ou must not omit to take into consideration the expenditure involved in such an undertaking. It therefore berumes necessary to know how n)uch the fitting out of such ships and the maintenance of their crews would cost the Treasury. We should also know whether it he possible for such ships to take, in addition to provisions and stores for their own use chiring a period of three years, any otlicr sujiplics which may be needed in Kamchatka ami Okhotsk, and how much of their tonnage could be devoted to the latter object. Tiiis information would be useful also for other purposes. The (loveriior-fjeneral of .Siberia, in his Report on the impoverished condition of the Yakutsk country, points out as the principal reason for this condition the burdens ini])oscd upon the people through transportation of (ioveriimeiit and commercial cargoes overland from Yakutsk to Okhotsk. If by means <if the vessels of the Imperial lleet to be dispatched to those shores the Yakutsk jicople arc relieved from this service they may devote their energies to cattle-breeding, already established among them, and thus better their deplorable condition. If your Excellency should find an annual dispatch of two such vessels, as suggested above, practicable, and if the two vessels, or one, as the other. rfin the following year, IHl'l, two more ships are sent from our Haltic ports, they should be able to relieve those dispatched in lUL'il about May or .lune 1S:*2, and the two ships first sent should be back in Russia about the middle of ISl'M. By this arrangement two armed vessels would always be jiresent in the Colonies founded by the Company for their protection, and, apart from other advantages, the officers of the Imperial fleet would have an excellent opportunity of im])roving by practice their knowlodge of the art of navigation. In eommunicafiiig this proposal to your Kx- ccllency, I consider it superfluous to enumerate all the arguments in favour of these expeditions. The question of the expense which will i)e entailed by them must, however, be considered. It will have to be ascertained how niueh the equipping of these sliips and the mamtenance of their crews will cost the Treasury. Also, whether the afore- said ships will be able to carry, besides provisions and stores siiniricnt to last them almost three years, a certain quantity of stores required for kamtchatka !ind Okhotsk, and what is the maximum weight of such stores tlicv will be able to carry. There is anollicr reason why this information would be useful. The Governor-fjcncral of Siberia, in his Report on the wretched condition <if t)ie V.akut country, states that he believes that the eliiei" ciusc of the poverty of that region is the system adopted for f-ansporting Government stores and merchandize from Yakutsk to Okhotsk, and that, although it is true that the old arrangements for this transport service were in I'slH replaced by a system of contracts, nevertheless the Yakuts, who were almost ruined before this change took place, and whose cattle, moreover, are constantly visited by disease, are scarcely able to bear the heavy burden iniposed on them by the transport service. If your Excellency should consider it practicable to dispatch two ships annually as proposed above, and if, in addition to their own stores, they arc 13 Original TiiAxsi..\Tinx, cnsc inny l>e, could take, in nildltinii to their own supplies, 11 crrtHiii (|tiuiitit\' of arms and ammu- nition for Okhotsk and IVtriipavlovsk, sucli a mcnstiri" would relieve tlio sntleriii:; Ya'iutcj, and at tliu same time afliird u partial reimbursement of the fiovernment's expense. [.V force ot' (ioUliers and sailors slioiild aNo lie stationed at tliu two ports mentioned above, in order to lill all vaeancics eaus?(l liy deatli or otherwise in the commands of the cruising vessels.] In thus laying lufiire you my thoni;hts on the subject, I am periiiitled In stale lliaj tliey have received the highest consideration of His Imperial Majesty, and I can assure your Kxcellency that the proposition meets with the liii;lie«t approval, and this matter is submitted to you now to enable you to consider tlie arran:;emints necessary to be made for th" purpose of taking in due time action looixiiig toward a renewal of the privileges and rights now enjoyed hy the Russiin-American Company under highest protection. True copy. (Signed) Zei.rn8kiy. CUiif CUrk. KF.VIREI) TllANSI.ATtON. able to take some for ti.e ports of Okbotnk and Petropavlovsk. this arrangement woulil be a great relief to the Yakuts, besides saving the Treasury considerable expense. In order, however, to be able to jndf^e better of this nuitler, it is necessary to ascertain what is the weight of the st'^ris that are sent every year fnim Yakutsk to Okhotsk, sn far as the Ministry of .Marine is concerned, as well as the nundjer of horses emplovcd in transporting them during the last few years. Having ('N])lainc(l my views on this subject, I request your Kxcellency to be so good as ti> give your uttention to what is slated above, and to favour Tue with your ojiinion thereon, in order thai I uKiv laUe it inio consiileratiiiii i coimecliim with the prnj.DsaU I am about to make in regard to the renewal of the reijnlatiiMis and priviU'ges of Ih"" Russian-. \mrrican Company und.'r the pro- tection of His Imperial .Majesty. .\ true copy : '.Siijuedl Zki.f.vskv. Chii'i' rliik. the ships Id be No. 2. Ldler Ji'oiii tlie Miiilstfi' nf Fiiiiiiir' t" l/if Hoard of Atliiiiiiinli'dli'iii nf till' Hii.'niiin-Aiiicririiii (\iiijiuiiii. ff'iiHiii from Si. Pderslinrij, Ajiril !0, 1«26. fConlidcntial.) TIIK lleoort of your Hoard, dated 14tli Xovend)er. IMl!», has, up to this tinu'. remained un:inswered, because the necessary intbrmation concerning the contracts con.'luded with the Knglishman I'igott had not been received. Of tills the Roaril spoke in its Report. The iuf(jrmalion is now at hand, having been received on the 3r<l ultimo. .\t the siune time, I also received detailed slatements of the appoint- ment by the •Government of rourt-< 'ouncilor Dobello as resident a-jent on the Island of Maniil.'i, and of the propositions of this otlicer to dispatch a vessel from there tn Kamchatka with provisimis, i?i order to convince the (iovernment l»nv cheaply the country may be supjdicd from the I'hilippine Islands. Mr. Doliello also re- quested permission to dispatch fnun Manilla to Cronsladt two ships with tea aiid other Chinese goods. All these propositions were duly submitted to His Majesty the llmjaror. and I have now received the following highest ilecisiou of His Imperial .Majesty : — 1. That the contract entered into with the Knglisiiman I'igot can not be sustained by the (jovcrnment; hut since the whaling industry may be of use as a means of securing subsister.^e to the mhabitants of Kamchatka and Okhotsk in case of failure in the fi.sheries, and as a basis for establishing a new branch of trade from which the Hussian-.Vincriean Company may derive con- siderable proHt, His Imperial Alajesty has most graciously deigned to turn his attention to this subject, and has expressed the opinion that for this purpose a ship should be employed, furnished with all necessary implements sxid instruments, and manned with the very best officers and sailors. To enable the Company to secure \o. :>.. (Copy.) '/o the Jlrjnril of Ailiiiiiimlriiliiiu nf the Rusaian- Amfrienii Coiiipaiii/. Mhii^lri/ II f /'ill 'Til re, Ciiifntl (^Jficr, (Xo. 0. Secret.^' ' .//>(•;/ 10, IHi'O. Till', delay in replying;' to the letter from your Hoard of Ihe llth November last is due to the fact that inronnalion on llie subject of the .Vgrec- meiit coneliiihil with the Knglishman I'igot, which was mentioned in that letter, was o:dy received on the Sth ultimo. This information was accompanied by par- ticulars in regard to the appointment by the (I'overimient of "Court-Councillor" Dobello to resiile on the Island of Manilla, and the proposal .)f lliat ollicial that a shi]) should be sent with provisions Iro'ii that island to Kamtchatka in the spring, in order to show the 'Iovernment how cheaplv ))rovisions could be obtiiincd from the l'iiih))piTU' Islands. .\lr. Dobello also asked permission to send from Manilla to Cronstailt two shi|)s with cargoes of ten and other Chinese goods. I reported on all llirsc matters to the Kinperor.and have received the I'ollowin.; ins'ruc- tions from His Imperial Majesty: — 1. The agreement concluded with the iMiglishman ri:;otisnot approved bvthe (iovern- ment ; sincpj however, the whale-fishing industry may be of use as a means of assisting the inhabitants of Kainlehatka and Okhotsk when the other lisheries fail, and as the foundation of a new branch of traile, from which the Russian- American (,\'mpany may derive considerable profit. His Imperial Majesty desires that the Company may turn their atlention to this subject, and employ one ship in fishing for whales, fitting her with all necessary appliances, and choosing the best officers and men ; and in order that the best masters may be at the disposal of the Company in first establishing the industry, OnioiSAL Tkaxslation. 14 ■killed masters fur inaugurating tliis enterprise, Mr. lUibcUj Ims been iiDitructeii to enilearour to obtain suci), uitb tlic uiidcr»tuiuling tliat in additiun to tlii'ir .-cdarii'!) tbey sliall be entitled to certain rewards and |)reniiiini<t, inclndini; 1 poud of oil from every whale or other murine uninuil killed by them. 2. The eonininndcr of the Govern niont of Irkutsk is lierehy instructed to forbid all foreigners, except such as have become Russian subjects, to eulcr the mercantile miihK or to settle in business in Knmchutka or Ukliulsk; niso to entirely |)ri)hibit foreign nieichunt- vessels from trading in these localities and from anchoring in any port of Kastern Siberia, except in ease of disaster. (In such cases great care shouhl be token that no |>art of their cargo be discharged or sold to anybody, under pain of confiscation of the ship.) It is hereby <irdercd that tliC local authorities shall inform the Knglishman I'avis ut Okhotsk and Dobello's ugent in Kamchatka that the (iuvermncnt does not i)ermit them to reside in those places, much less to erect buildings or other immovable property. In consideration of said ])rohibition, they will be awarded damages and afforded every facility on the part of the local authorities to <lispose of their propertv and to take their departure. Mr. Doliclhi. however, is hereby instructed that the ship which he proposes to dispatch from the l*hilii)piiie Islands to Kamchatka may, on this single occasion, take goods as well as provisions, and he shall be permitted to dispose of tlie same. But to prevent iiim from dispatching such vessels in the future, he is permitted to sup|)ly oidy Russian ships belonging to the Government or t'l our .\merican Company, which may call at Manilla lor supplies. 3. I'crmission is denied to Mr. Dobello to dispatch two ships to Cronsladt with tea and other Chinese goods, since such operations do not accord with the views of the Uoveniment, and he is hereby informed that he has been and is now re- quired oidyto furnish information as to the prices of Chinese floods at Manilla,and as to w hat supplies and production from Eastern Siberia could be profitably disposed of there, to the end that all such infonnation may be used for the benefit of our Aiiicrieaii Company in all its various com- mercial transactions. Pursuant to this highest dccisiim, I have already addressed the (iovernor-tieneial of Siberia and the Minister of Foreign .Mlairs, and sent the necessary orders to .Mr. JJobello ; and now the following ])ropositions are laid before the Hoard of Administration of the fiussian-.Vniciican Company : — 1. From the whaling industry on the eastern shores of Siberia the Government expects nut only such advantages as have been pointed out by the (Mjvernor-tieneral of Siberia and by the commander of the districts of Kameliatka in their comnmnicalion, of whicii copies are here- with appended, hut discovers in tins industry the promi.se of special advantages to the ('onipany, and therefore hopes that the JSoartl of Administra- tion will at once furnish the means necessary for taking the preliminary steps toward the inaugura- tion of whaling in those waters, and iiroceed, without waiting fur tiie inlbrnmlion requested from Mr. Dobello, to inform itself concerning the engagement of experienced masters, {s.v. A ship should be purchased at once and dispatched in the following year, if il be found impossible to do so daring the present. ItEVI.SKli TllAN.^I.ATI'iX. Dobello shall be c.illed upon to endeavour to obtain the services of such masters, who, in addition to the pay that may be agreeil upon, shall each receive, as a premium, something for every poad of pure oil from the whales or other marine animals captured by them. 2. The authorities of Irkutsk are to be instructed not to allow any foreigner, unless he has become a Russian subject, to enter a merchant guild, or to settle at Kamtchutka or Okhotsk, and they are not to permit any foreign merchant-vesse' to trade at those places umler any circumstances, or to enter the ports of Kastern Siberia except in case of distress, in which case such vessel is not to be allowed to unload any part of her cargo, or endeavour to dispose of it, iindir pidn of confiscation of the .ship and cargo. Furthermore, the Englishman Davis at Okhotsk and Dobello's agent in Kamtchatka are to be informed, through your officials, that the Government refuses them permission to renniiii at those places, or to build houses or hold real property there ; the local authiirities shall alhinl them all proper facilities for disposing of their jmiperty and leaving the country. .NIr. Dobello is to be informed that the ship which he proposes to send from the I'hilippinc Islands to Kamtchatka will be allowed to go there for this once, and that he may sell the merchandize and provisions which he may send by her; but that he must not send any more ships, and is in future to coiihne himself to loading Russian ships whicli are sent to Manilla for jirovisions and inerchandize, by order of the Cioveniment or of our American Company. .'i. ilr. Dobello is refused permission to send two ships to Cronstadt with tea and other Chinese goods. >Such a ])rocceding would not be in harmony with the views of the Government : moreover, all that has ever been or that is now asked of Mr. Dobello is, that he shall report what are the prices of Chinese goods at Manilla, and what products of ICasterii Siberia could be jirotitably sold there, in order that this informa- tion may be made use of by our .\mcriean Company in all its various commcruial operations. Til accordance with His Imjierial Majesty's instructions, 1 have alreadv addressed a letter to the (.iovcrnor-(ieiieral of Silicria, and the .Vctiiij; Minister of Foreign Affairs has communicated with Mr. Dobello. 1 now liavc to state as follows to the Hoard of .\dministration of the llussian- American Company: — I. The Govcrtimcnt not only expects from the whale-lishing industry on the eastern shores of Siberia those advantages which the Govcrnor- tieneral of Siberia and the Superintendent of Kamtchatka have represented in their lte])orts, of wliich copies are inclosed, but also considers that this industry .till be profitable to the Company. It therefore hopes that your Hoard will not fail to take steps for the establishment of the industry with as little delay as possible, and suggests that, without waiting for Mr. Dobello's rci)ly, you should make inquiry for masters skilled in whale fishing, nnd take stcjis for the purchase of a ship suitable for this work, which should be sent to its destination, if possible, this year, but in any case not later than next year. • •iMi.iNAi. Than SI. ATM IS. ?. I'.ivin^', for tin- bciiclit >f llip Ainerinin iL'i)iii|)nii\ . i'.\chi(li'(l ull forc'i^iiiTs frdin Kiiniclintkii iiikI OkliiilsK, aiul pniliiliitid IIkiii rniiii riii;!i;;iii;; in Iriidc [mid frnrn liiiiitiiii; jiiid lisliiii'.' in ull tin' wnti IS III l''u>l(rii .'•'iliiria.] llif (jovrriiiiiriit lully f\|iirls tliat till' ( iiiii|)aiiy, nii its piirt, will liidd ilsi'lf i'('s|)oiisil)lv for Kiipplyiiii; liiosi' ri'n'iinis with ull iK'i'cssurien. In I'liniiii'tiiiii witli tins ri'ijiiiii'- niciil, niid in niiisid>'i'ati(>:i uf a rc(|U('st friiiii tlic (iiivcrii(ip-(iriii'ral (if Silirria, tin" IViHrd nf Adniinintratidii will ripni'; nn tlic tcillnwini; IMiinlH:- («.) As til till' iiicuMs liv uliioli ciiiiiniMiiicatiiMi fan lie inaiiitaiiifd lietwoeii \akutsU and UkliotsN wit limit (i|)|)rossioii of tlu' Viikut people. (/i.) Whether the dimpany can undertake tii land «t tlie iiurts of IVtropavlovsk and Okli-itsk provisions, espccialh" Hour and salt, from tlieir eorresp indents in I aliloniia or the I'liilippine Isliinds. in sneli ipiantities as may be retpiired by the (iovernnieiit forces and olliiials and by all other iiilii'.hitaiit-, en ployini; for this jiiirpose a ship which must visit the places ii. lined at least once u-vear and at a tiiiie previously fixed; also ns to the j)rohahle cust of provisions, prices of freight, ftc. (r.) To propo.sc measures for a (levelopmcnt and mcrcase of the lishinj; industries for the bcncnt of the native population of Kamchatkii and Okhotsk. >(1.) Whether the Company can undertake to fnrnish the districts of Kamchatka and Okhotsk with all the necessary articles of trade which the inhabitants now receive from Irkutsk, and at what prices. 10 I!r.\i.sf:ii TiiAN.'iLATto.v. 2. Ilaving, for the benefit of the .\ii.crican Conipaoy, exehiih d uil foreigners from Kamt- eliatkii ami Okhotsk, and forhiilden Ihini even to come to tliosi' places to trade, the (iiivernment exjiei't'< that the * onipiiny, on its part, v.ill assist in providiiii; those places with all necessaries; and in view of the fact that the Giivernop- (Jeneral of .Siluria has more than nnce represented the necessity of relievii,;; the Yakuts of the obliliation of transporliiiL; stores by land from Yakutsk to Okhotsk, your Hoard is called upon to consider and report: — («. I'y what ineniis it would be possible to establish eommnnicatioiis between Yakutsk and Okhotsk without imposing a liurdeii on the Yi.kuts. (/•.) \Vliether by i stablishiii;; communications with {.'aliforni.". or the I'liilippine Islands the Company could supply the ports of I'etropnvlovsk and Okhotsk willi provisions. e-|irciallv flour and salt, hotli lor its own olilcials and for those of the (ioveriinient, iij weli as for the other inhabilants, employing for this purpose one ship which wuuld remain in that part of the world, and he made use of for this service every year. The Hoard should not omit to consider whetlu r the cost of keepiii;; a sl:ip employed on this service would not make it necessary to diai'ge excessive prices for the provisions brought by her. (r.) Whether the Company cannot sujunest measures which would increase the jiroductiveness of the tisliini; industry by which the piKjr iii- Imhitants of Kamtchatka and the people round Okhotsk are chictly supported ; and, l.istly • (il.) Whether the Coiiipaiiy can siipplv the inhabitants of Kamtchatka and Okhotsk with such .irticles a- are iiulisiieiisable to tliem. They are now hroii'.dit from Irkutsk, and e.\travai;ant prices are chained for tliem, so that the people, liistiad of liavin;; their wants provided for, are beiu" ruined. 3. In refusing permission to Mr. Dobello to dispatch ships loaded with tea and Chinese goods, the (Jovernment had in view the avoidance of any com|)lications which minlit interfere with the full ' ■"ijovmcnt by the Itussian-.Vnieriean C(iiii|>aiiv of its privileges uraiiteil ov Imperial I kase, not only III connection with the trade in teas across the Chi'iese border at Kinkhta, [ lint also in'connectioii witli the exclusive rights of trudc and iiavinalion ill all the waters adiomiiu; the Sibernn as well as the .\mericaii possessions of Kiisoa, and all interior water- coiinccteil ilu'iiuiih. ] h'or tins purpose -Mr. UohcUo was leiiutsteil to furnish detailcii infoniiation of tiie trade and commerce at the I'liilippine Islands, [in (inler t.i ;clieve the Company of the necessity ot iloviii^ hirei;; ships and masters fo r this trade whii'li involves tlieir admission to waters reserveil hi r ihe exclusive use of the liiissiaii-American Company under its charter. In coiiclusiiiii.it is slated as the (keision of His Jlaiesty the Kiiiperor. iii view of p ossitile tutiirc complications ot this nature, that no contracts iiivolviiii; the ailinission. free iiavii;atioii, or ti'a<l e of foi'cimi ships anil foreign sniijects in the waters ailjoiniii!; or houm'ed by the e<iasts of the Russian ■ 1. In refusing to allow Dobello to dispatcli two ships with tea and other Chinese i;oods, the sole object of the (lovernnient lias been to jirevent anythin;; which iiiiuht interfere with the rej idar eiHirse of our Kiaklita trade. If, how ever, the Kussiaii-.Vniericaii Company is able to obtain Chinese ^ooils in the Philippine Islands in ex- chainre liir wares which it cannot dispose of prolit- alily at Kiaklita, tlie.T is no reason why it should not carry on Mich :: trade. As the Conipaiiv is itself i'iiLra'.',ed in the Kiaklita trade, it will lake care not to injure its own interests, which are closely connecl ; ith lliat trade, by the sale of i^oods iinpoi'tt, .v sea Mr. Dohello has therefore been leipiestcd lo sujiply detailed information on the suhject of tiie trade witli the I'liilippine Islands, in oviler that it may he ascertained whether the Company can proHtablv exchaiifje at Manilla for Cliiiuse or other ;.;oods ihe furs which it cani;ot dispose of at KiaUhta. In conclusion, I have to inform your Board that the reason why the Spanish Goyernment have declined to rcco;inize "Court-Councillor"' Dobello as lUissian Consul is that the Court of Madrid consider it not in harmony with their colonial system that forcij^u countries should have Consuls in their Colonies. I'eriuission has, how- r OlIllUXAL TllAXSI.ATIOX. II lit! appriivi'il l)y tin' 16 liiipt'rinl Colonici will Gi)V('riiiiu'iil.] Till' Itiinrd ol A(linliii»lralioii of the Uii!i»i»ii- Aiiu'ricHii Ctiiiipaiiv i^ licrchy iiitiirtiiud thai Ci)urt-C'(iuiicil()r Ddlielln hii!< iwit Uwii recnitiiizt'd ns Itussimi t'niisul tiy the SpaiiiMh (iuvcniiiit'iit, beciiUM' till- Court nt' Miulrid ilccliirca it tr lie cuiitrarv to its ciiloniiil sY!«tt'in to admit fiiri'ii;ii Consuls tn its Colonics; hut Imviiii; :i('i|uirsci'd in his ri'si<lcn(f at Mnnilla and in his rMTciiiC there of the duties of iij^ent, it is now understood that the ohject of his a|i]iointiuent was oidy to assist vessel" of the Uussiaii-Aineneaii Coni|iauy visitinij Manilla in )mrely e.jninirnial transaetions. (Simied) Count It. liUlt^ KF. Miiii^fcr Of' lumiH't'. Count VAKOV LAMHKIir. /V»i'i/ Coiiiiriloi: l.'K.VI.HKIi TitAN-^LATlflN. ever, been ^'iveii to him to reside at Maiiillu, anil tc< dischari^i' there all the ordinaiy duties of n Consul. The only olijeet for whirli Mr. Dolirllo was sent to Maidlla was to assist our .Vn irican Coiii|iauy in evi ry way he eoiild. and he h.u heeii reniiiideil of tlii i in the instrnelioiis whiih have just lieeii sent to him. .Simied) CouMt I). (JIlUF.fK. Mitiiatfi- I'f Fntinti-' , Count YAKOV I, AMHKU I l'ri''y ('oiiiirillor. No. 3. Letter frnm l/ie ll"nnt "/" .loiiiimliiiUnn ■■/ the liii.''aiiiii-Aiiii> iciin ('(iiiipaiiij I" Cii/ituiii M. I. iluriirii'f. Ill the Imjieriiil S'urii, t'hi, f Maiiiii/yr Hf llh- Himniiiii-Jiifriiiiii t oliiiiien, H'tilten from SI. re/irn/'iny, A/iril i.'3, 1K20. (No. '2(<:>. Contidvntial.) ON tlie llttri instant the ^[inister of Firiaijcc coinniiiiiieiitt'd to the Board of .\diiiiiii>ti'ation, in a nicssa'^e marked eonfiileiilial. the will of His Imperial Majesty in the followiiis; words: — 1. 'I'liat the contract coiieluiled with the Englishman I'igott is disapproved by the (ioverii- meiit. 2. That the Governor of Irkutsk be in.structed to allow no foiei};iicrs, except such as have beoome Kussian Mibjccls, to join in any ;'oiiimcrcial i^uild or to settle in Kamchatka or Oklioi U : also to strictlv pi'oliibit all foreign mercantile vessels from visitin;; these points, (.v tradin:; in any of the ])orts of Kastern .Silieria, e\cept in ease of disaster, wiuii the strictest vigilance must be exercised to prevent the disjmsal of any of the vessel's caryo, under pain of eimfiscatioii of both ship and cary;o. At the same time, the Kiiylish- nian Davis at Okhotsk and Dobello's A^ent at Kamchatka must be informed that the Govern- ment does not permit them to reside at those places, much less to ae(|uire houses or other immovable property. The Irical authorities are instructed to allow them daiiia;;es for the im- mediate disposal of what property they have alreadv acnuiicd. and to see to their immediate departure. Mr. Dobello is to be informed that the ship be has proposed to dispatch from the riiilippine Islands to Kamchatka itii provisions and articles of luxury will not be allowed to visit Kaincbi.tka unless it be transferred to the ownership of a Russian subject, preference to be given to the Hussian-.Xmerieaii Company operat- ing under highest protection. 3. I'crmission is also denied to Mr. Dobello to dispatch any ships to Kronstndt with teas or jither Chinese goods, such transaclions being in direct conflict with the views of the Government. He is also informed that no furtlier intercourse is possible between him and the authorities of No. 3. Fniin the I, nil nj' Ailminiiitriiliijii ')/ llie Kiixginn- Aiiieriritii (''1111/111111/ miller llir /initirli'iH nf 1 1 in [ni/ieiiiil MajeiitiJ In ('iijttiihi Mntni Iniiiurilrh Miirmief, iif the Ini/nriiil .\iini. I'hief Munai/er iif'lhe C'lliinie" njthe Jiiinniaii-Aineriiitn Com/iiiny. (No. 2(1,5. Secret.) IN a letter d.ited the Iriih irist mt and marked •' .Secret," the Minister of Finance informed this Hoard that Ilis Imp iai Majesty has directed ait fidlows : — •• I. The .\i;rccmcnt eonchided with the Kn;;lislmiun Pi:;ot is not approved by the Goverii- iiient. "2. The authorities at Irkutsk are to be instructed not to allow any foreii;n.'r. unless he has become a Utissian subject, to enter a meri'hant guild, or to settle at K.initchatka or Okhotsk ; and they are not to permit any fcucign iiierchant- vcsM>! to trade at those places under anv circiini- •tances. or to enter tin- ports of ll.-istern .Siberia, <'Xce|)t in case of distress, in which case such \ essci is not to be permitceii to unload any part of her cargo or endeavour to dis|i,'se of it, under pain of cordiseation of tin ship and >'ar:'o. Further- more, the Knglishrian Davis at Okhotsk and Dobello's .'igciit at Aamtchatka arc to '"■ inforiiied through the satiic officials that the (iovermiient re- fuses them |)eriiiissioii to remain at those places, or to build houses or hold real jiropertv there; and the local authorities shall atlbrd them all proper facilities for disposing of tluir jiropcity anil leaving the country. .Mr. Dobello is to be informed that the ship which he propises to despatch from the I'hilippine Islands to Kaiiit- ebatka will be allowed to go there for this once and that be may sell the merchandize and jiro- visions which he may send by her: but that lie must not send any more ships, and is in future to eontiiu- himself to limdiiig Russian ships which are sent to Manilla for jirovisions and merchandize, by order of the Government or of our .\nierican Company. " 3. Mr. Dobello is refused permission to .send two ships to Cronstadt with tea and other Chinese goods. Such u proceeding would not he in harniony with the views of the (Jovernrnenl ; moreover, all that has ever been, or that is now', asked of Mr. Dobello is that he shall rejvjrt what oiiri.ivvi. TiiAXsi.vTiox. Knttcrii Silx'rin, iiiiil tlint rvni if Mipplitii «liciiil<l l>v iit'fdfil fiDiii Miiiiilla iir any i^llier iKljaccnt. foriii(ii I'ouiitrr. Kiirli trniiKactionH would iie ii:- triifitcd to the Imiiils of diir Aiiii'rir:iii ('imipHiiy. Ilaviri!; iiiforiiiril yim <if tlic-c hij{!ii'st vii-ws, tilt' Mnard iif Adniinistrntinii add:* tlie fcdliiwiiiir v.\|ilaiiuti<>ii : — ilic niiilrart w'nicli wax diMnpprnvod by tlir Imperial (liivcrniiii'iil wh<i niiicliKlrd liy I'l^olt (III tlio IHili .Iiiiii'. I^l'.l, for a iicriial of ten ycar-i liv Mr. Itii'ciird, Ci'Miinandir of iho Kaiiicliiitka district, and Courl-I ouiicillor llolallo <!ii lu'lialf of tin' (iovcrimicnt, parties ol the: lirst part, niul the olmvi'-iiaimMl Kidisliiiiaii Pi.;olt on l)olialf of liiinsidf and ins partners, DavH. Kbliet.--. anil Meek, captains of American nu'rilianr-v< ssels, of tlie «eeond part, for tin' piupose of wlialini; and Imntiii'.! marine animals lor then' Inrs .iinl oil on the coasts of Kuinelritka and ol Kaslern Silieria, ill (lie liarliom, liayx, an<l straits, and on the i^' oils, for tlieir own benefit and piolit. witliont any duty or royalty, and with tlie privilege of currying the Itiissian llai;, and with tin' ailditional |)riviU"..'e of tisbiii'^ and of shippim; the catch tVoiii Kamchatka on payment of .'lO kopeks per pond on salted tisli. This contract was naturally considered iiy the (loverniiient to he injurious to the interests of the Company, siiK'e all the bcnetits accrued to foreigners, and no provision was iiiaile to protect the native inhabitants of those rpfjions "ho depenil for their ])rincipal iiieaiis of subsistence upon tish, which under this contract would have been earned away by forciniiers iiet'ore their hinging eyes. Ilaviii;^ thus reached the conviction that the real object of these schemiii!; foniuners, with whom it appears that Dobetlowiis allied on terms of intimacy, w,is not only to obiain the privileijc of Killing whales and of trying out their blubber, or the eliase of other marine animals which Irecpiciit our waters th;.t wash the coasts of Eastern Siberia, but rather to gniilually obtain fontiid over our Kurile an<l Aleutian Islands for the purpose' of huntiii.; sea-otteis ami fnr-scals, which object, had it liee'i iditained, would have .•rippled the Kiissian .\merican ('cinpaiiy. the Board of Admiiiistratinii expresses the following opinion : — As soon as the Imperial (ioveri.nient aseer- taiind that the contracts iiiiulc wen' in open violatii II of theprivilt ues Li l.'KMsKIl TllANHI.ATIOX. are the prices of Cliiiu-. "oodn at Manilla, and what produe's of Kastern Sibei'.' eoiild be profit- ably sold there, in order that this infor'nulion may be made use of bv our .\merirnn Company in its various I'ommereial ojierations." In iiiforndng you of Ills Imperial Majestv'* drcision. the Hoard wishes to make the folhwiiij; observations :- The .\greement «itli Pigot wliirh has not been approved is the .\greeinent coneluded on the iHth .luiie, lisl!», for ten vcars betwocii tlif ISiiperintendeiit of Kamtcbatkn, Mr. Uicord, and "Court-Councillor" I'obelhi, in the luriic of the tiovcrnnieiit on the one hanil, and the af.iresiiid Engli-linnn I'i'^ot on the other I and. for himself and for his partners, Davis, Kbbets, and Meek, captains of .\nierieaii mercliant- vessels, with reference to tisliini; for whales and extractiii!; oil from these and oilier inaritu- aiiiiiiuls on the siiore^ ol Kamtchatka and on tlmse of .'II Kasteni Siberia, in the iiaibours ami hays niid amongst the islands, for their own benetit and tree of all duties, \vith permis>ion to lly the Russian ll.ag, and a^so with reference to catching tish to export from Kaintchatka. a dutv 'if .'ill copecks t<i be (laid on every pood of lish t.ikcn and salted by them. T'liis .\i;rcenient, it appears, is considered by the (jovernment a mischievous one. because it eontaiiiK no provision that wnuld benetit the inhabitants of Kaintchatka and Okhotsk, anil, moreover, the people of Kaintchatka, who are often in want of tish on account of the scarcity of salt and the want of tine davs for drying the lish. •vould very likely be deprived, under the .\greement, of 'MUUH) poods of tish a-year, wliieb would he cauiiht and carried otl" bv the above-nicntioneil toreiijners. laiited the ( 'om|)aiiv. II pnihinited at once all foreigners not oiilv fiom settling in Kamchatka or Okhotsk, but also from all intercourse with those regions, enjoining the authorities to maintain the strictest surveillance over their movements. Ba-siiig your own action upon this procecdiiif^' on the part of our Highest Protector, you as Commander of all our Colonies must prohibit with e<|Ual strictness all foreigners from engaging in any intercourse or trade with native inhabitants, [as well as from visiting llie waters frequented by sea-otters and fur-seals. over •• Inch our operations extend, ] under the penalty of the most severe measures, including the confiscation of ships and the imprisonment of crews engaged in this illegal tratlic. You must act with the greatest severity in cases where iTaung' discussed the scheme, which h.-'s very properly been rejected, of t'lc crafty aid c'lter- prising roreigiurs, with whom Dobello appcar't to be e!o<elv allied ai n result of Ins loii^ acqiiaiiit- aiice vvitli them, and who, if they had been ^iven permission t'l catch wliah's and o'lier marine animals and to extract their oil, would have hiou:;lit iiuinbers of shijis ir.aniiod by all kinds of crews, and would have fiequcnted not only the harbours and bavs of Kastern Siberia, but also our Kurile and .\leutiaii Islands, solely for the purjMisc of taking: sea-otters and sials— by which operations tliev would have riiinid the Hussian-Aiiieriean Companv — the Hoard vill now" explain its views with regard to thcs,' various matters. Ill view of the fact that the fiovernment has perceived that these schemes would lave done much harm |o the Company, and has prohibted foreigners not only from seltling. but also from trading, at Kaintchafk.i and Okhotsk, where there are established authorities, and where a surveil- lance can be exercised, it is your duty, .is the Manager of the Colonv, to usc your best endea- vours to carry out llis Imperial Majesty's orders, by strictly ])i'ohibiting the f.ireigners who may visit the Colony from engaging in a traffic with the Indians, and, in case any of them violate the Uegidations, not to be atr.iid to arrest the bold .adventurers and seize their ships, if they carry on a traiSe injurious to the Company's interests at places, or on islands, occcpied bv it, iind especially it they supply tiic Indians with arms, powder, and lead. You sliouid not even allow them tj enter yo.ir ports unleii yo.i tiiid 18 OR!r;l\AI. TllAN.^I.ATIilN. foreiuTier.s liavu sold to tlii' natives arms, powilcr, and load. Tlicy niiist bo inado to utidorstand that [tlic ir i irosoiiro in our walors is roiitrary to our h\\\^. ami lliatj tlicy will iiovor lioadiiiittod to any port unless you or your subordinates convince yourselves that suc^li is necessary for llie saving of life. In a word, you mast preserve an attitude in full accord with the vi-'ws of the luiperial (lovernment on this subject, [and proteet against all intruders th e domain <if laiiil and water uiante<l to m hy the ^laee ol liie Kmperor. am! necessary tor our continued existence and prospi'rity. ] Y(ni must transmit these instructions witluuit delay to your sul)ordinato oommanders for their conduct in their intercourse with foreisners. and especially to the eouimaiiders of ship-. i.avi<jitin<; our waters, [to eualil e them to drivf away the foreifjn intruilersj. The conmiunication from tlie Minister of Marine also contained a I'opv of a letter from '.he present (iovernor-Cieueral ol Siberia, emliodyiii;; niauv sui;;;estions aiul opinions of advantage to the Company. Of this dix'ument the Hoard of Admiidstration forwards a copy lor your guidance, to enable vou to nvl for the best interests of the Companv. (Sii-ned) MICn.\F,L KISSKLKF, VEXKDK T KKA.MKK, ANUKKI SK\ KKIX, Directors. April 23, 1820. P.S. — We herebv inform you that the Ciovern- meiit has decided to dispatch two shi|)s around the world durinj; the present summer: one to winter in Kamcliatka, and the other to proceed to Sitka and to cruise in search of foreign vcsr.els. liKvisKii Translation-. it necessary to buy soinetliini; from llieni wliioh the Company urgently requires. In a wm-d, you shoidd adopt towards these adventurous traders such an attitude as it is proper for the (iovernor of all the places occupied by the Company to assume. Do imt fail to instruct the authorities mider you how to deal with foreigners coming to vour shi.res. Special instructions should be };iven to the Commanders of our ;diips which arc del.-iehed to the various points with regard to the action they are to take if they lind anywhere foreign ships engaged in illicit trading. The Minister inclosed in his letter a eomimnii- cation from the Govermir-* icneral of .Siberia, which contains much that is of use to the Com- pany. The Board iuelo.-es a copy of this for your guidance in t!ie munagement of the Com- pany's affairs. (Signed) MICIIAKL KISSELKF, VKNKDICT KKAMKi;, ANDIIKISKVEIIIN. Direct I rs. (Signed) Zklkssky, Cltief Clfrk. April •Z.\,mH). P.S. — We have to ini'orm you tliat the (iovern- ment has decided to send two ships round the world this suimm-r : the one is to wiiiter at Kamtehalka. and the other ,it Sitka after driving awav till 'rei;;n acheuturers. M. K. No. 4. \o. -1. Letter from the Ihard of Adiiiininlnitiou o' the Riis.iHiii-Aiiii rirnii Cuiiijidiij/ In Cii/'li'iil At. T. Mnriirict'. Chiff .^fdihif/r,- af the liussiniiAmcri- cnii CiiliDiien. Il'rilten front SI. Pili rithiirii, Murrh-M,\»'Z\. YOUUtwo letters from Okhotsk of the SCtli and 2Stli duly have been re<eived bv us wilh satisfaction, but with slill greater pleasure wo rcsd vom' just remarks relating to various subjects inlimatciv cunneclcd viith the < 'om)iany's interests. For tliis we render yon our most sincere thaidvs, wishing you at the same lim.'^ a safe arrival at your (lestination and good health, and that you mav always retain at heart the best interests of our Company. Your remarks to Jlr. Uiccord can not, we think, have been very acceptable to that gentle- man. From the c.i|)y herewith inclosed of com- n.unicutions fuan the Mnnstries, you will see that the Imperial (jovernmeut not on'y repudiates Messrs. Uiccord, l)ol)ello, and l'i;;olt, but also prohibited thcui altogether from trading in Okho; nk and Kamchatka, with the rcsidt that to-day the foreigners have abandoned their enter- St. Prter.il,i,r;ih. (No. L".'.').! .Marr/i .i\. 1S2I. Di'ar Captidn Muravicf. \VK were very glad to receive vour Iw.i letters from Okhotsk, dated resp<'ctivelv the 'iCttU and '.iXtU .lidy, and it gave us special pleasure to read your very pisi remarks on manv subjects which interest the Company. We thaid; v<mi heintilv. a:i<l hope your stay in the Colonics mav he a pleasant one, and that yon mayenjov good health. We trust that we may always see in vou a bene- factor of the t^'ompany. What you said to Mr. Hicurd cannot have been very pleasant to that gentleman. You will see from the inclosed copy of a letter from the Miinstry. that our (iovermucnt ha.-; not only put an end to the scheme., of .Messrs. Uicord, DobcUo, and I'igot, but has even prohibited tlicni from trading, at Okhotsk or Kamlchalka, hv com- pelling the foreigners m)« residing- at those places to leave them, and by forbidding foreigners to visit 10 OlJIGI.VAL TkAX.SLATIOX. Revised Tkanslation. 11(1 nu other forcii^ners will tlu'so places ill llie future. prise HI lliat region, DC alloweil to visit The jiriiieipics involved in tliis action of the GovcrniiU'ii' you must also observe in dealing with iorei;;iiers who may visit our ('olonies, [using all I he forc e at your co mmand lo drive tliem from our waters,] Together with our new privileges, whicli liave already licen pr iriuili;Mti(l by the Minister, a/id wdicli are ordy uwaitiiit; the return of our Monarch, we shall also receive definite instruelions how to deal with loreigiiers who venture to cross the limits of povsessioiis ac- quired lout; a^o ttiroii^h it us'-ian enterprise and valor. From the same Ministerial documents you will sec that the ("ompany has been urged to engage in the whaling industry, and the necessary ex- perinieiils will be entered into at oiicp, though \'j know beforehand that no great profits will accrue to us tlierefr.im. sinic Kamchatka and Okhotsk are clislriels very thinly jiopiilated, allording but an insignilieant market for whale oil, ami we could not sell it anywhere else. In these docu- ments you will also iind that th(' Ooveniment desires the Company to supply Kamchatka and Okhotsk with bivadstulls, but this we are com- pelled temporarily to deehiic. When the " Boro- d.no " called at Alaiiilla. there appeared to be no m irket for the articles of Ilussian manufacture which, in Hobcllo's o|iinii>n, could be sold there with prolit : on this matter, liowever, vou must be fully intormed through our olHcers, wlio must have reached you long ago, and who it is to he lioped arc now on their return voyage. There only remains the hone of obtaining bread from California, if the .Missions there have not been abolished. Your information on this point has been gratifying to us. Upon all the questions submitte<l by Mr. Yr.i Dvsky, we have embodied our decisions in dcs[), itches already forwarded to yon. accompanied by eopies of all jiapers for use in case of loss of the originals which were sent on the '■ Horudino." During the present year no naval vessel has been dispatched around the world for the pro- tection of our Colonies, hut now two shi])s are being fitted out, to the command of which Tulubief and Fihitof have been ap|)ointed, the foriiur being in charge ot the scpiadron. [^ou will, iherefore, have an ample force jiafroliing our Matei-'.iiiKl prot ei tin:; our mlciestv, j In ailiht:oii, we send you tlic Inig " Uuiik, ' coiiiniaiided liy Master Klotehkof. The brig is to return to ui aftiT (^riiisin;; in colonial waters In the Lcconi- pati\iii; licw sjiapers anil jouiiials torwarded by the ■■ Uiiril",'" with the ai.ditlonal despatches, you will learn iho state of affairs in Kiirope and in other (Miuntries. Keiiewing our wishes Utr your prosperity and good healtii, we have, most gracious Sir, the honor to remain, witli the most sincere friendship and respect, Your very bumble servants. (Signed) Mlcn,\EI> KISSKLEK, VE.NKDICT KR.\MEli. ANDltEl SEVEIUN. them in future. It will be your duty to act upon this Order of the Government, and to do your best to prevent foreigners from visiting our Colonies. As soon .as our new Charter, which has .already been drawn up at the Ministry, and is only awaiting the return of His Imperial Majesty, lias been sanctioned, we shall have Kegulations shi.wing us bow to deal with foreigner? who mav cross the limit of our jurisdiction, and then it v. ill be your duly to put these Ke:;ulations . . 1 = ,11 loree. You will see from the letter from the Ministry that the whaling industry has been handed over to the Company. We shall try the experiment in due course ; but we can fell beforehand that it will not be a profitable business, for Kaiiitchatka and Okhot.'k, being thinly populated rigions, will consul! e very little oil, and there is nowhere else where we could dispose of it. You will see from the same letter that the Government wants the Company to supply Kamtehatka and Okhotsk with lireadsfuffs, but this we are obliged for the moment to decline to do, as it is impossible, in view of the fact that when the " Horodino" was at Manilla, she found she could not dispose of various goods which Dobcllo said would sell very profitably there. Vou will have beard all the details of these matters from our officers, who, we trust, have long since reached the Colonies, and who may, perhaps, be already on their way home. The only place where we can hope to obtain breadstufFs is California, that is to say, if the ?.Iissio:;s there have not been ilestroycd. AVe await news from you on this subject, which will either give us pleasure or cause us regret, as the case may lie. U c have replie<l to all the qaestions put to us by Mr, Vaniiflsky in the despatches which have been sent to you, and which were accom[)anied by copies of the papers sent by the " Ijoiodiiio," ill case the originals were lost. Last year no (ioverninent vessel was sent round the world to proted our Colonies; now two are being sent out under the coinniand, resjiec- tively, ot Tulubief ami Eilatof, the former being the senior oilicer ; and we are about to send out to you the ' Uiirik," under the comiiiaiul of Lieutenant Klotchkotl". The brig is to return iioine after yisitiie,; the Colonies. et all the Kiiropeaii news from the ire sending out to you by the Yuu will papers we Kurik,' her. ' and we shall send you another letter by With aM yood wishes, (\;c, (Signed) MlCtlAEL KlS.SEl.KR VENKUICI' KliAMI'.li. ANDREI SEVEltLN. [117] (i 20 Original Tiiaxslation No. 5. Letter from the Board of Administration of the Russian-American Cornjinin/ to Captain M. I. Muraciff, of the Impcridt S'avy, Cliirf Manager oj the Russian-Ameriian Colonies. Written from St. Petersburg, Amjuit 3, 1820. IN order to enable you to issue your instruc- tions to the various offices aiitl to tlie managers of the Islands of St. Paul and St. George, as well as for your own information, we inclose herewith a statement of the views entertained by the General Government, as well as by the mannge- ment of the Company. You will perceive from this stnlement that we, as well as the Govern- ment, do not cnuntcnance any inloicoiirse witli foreigners, [or the admissiim of foreigners within the preci ncts ot our possessions.] eN''e]it in ease of absolute necessity. Heretofore, all such trans- actions have generally resulted in .serious losses to us, [and the verv presence of foreigners in our waters has become a vital (picstum. alleehn;; tlie existence ot the dinipaiiy.] The Hoard of Ad- ministration expects you to exercise the utmost vigilance on this subject, and to warn all district comniander.s agiiinst any intercourse with foreigners. To enable you to comply with tliesc instructions more strictly, we shall henceforth dispatch evc^y year a ship with sujjplies fur the Colonics. (Signed) VENEDICT KK.VMEU, Director. ANDREI SEVERIN, DirccloT. IlEvisEii Ti:ansi.ation" No. D. From tht Board of Administration vf the Rnssian- American Company under the Protection of His Imperial Majeaty to Captain Matrei Iianovitch Miiravief, Chief Manager of the Colonies of thu Russian- American Company. (No. 430.) August 3, 1820. I N order that vou may be informeii of the tenour ot the instructions issued to all theeoloni.il stations and to the managers on the Islands of St. Paul and St. George, wc herewith transmit a copy of those instructions, and hope that, as you kiu>w the aims of the Company and the Government better than the other olHcerg, you will do your best to carry out the wishes of the Board, and will not have anv de; 'ings with the foreigners, unless you are absolutely compelled to liave recourse to them to obtain something which is indis])ensable to vou. Such ilealiiigs liavc ahvavs hillierto been unprofitable, inasmuch as the prices they give for furs are very nmch lower than those which oljtiiin in Russia. The Doard trusts that you will take care lliat these instructions are carried out by the authorities of all the stations, more especially as there appears to be no necessity for these dealings, as, in future, ships belonging to the Couiiiany arc going to be sent to the Colonies regularly every year with large cargoes. (Signed) VENKDICT KR.VMER, Director. ANDREI SEVERIN, Director. Inclosure in No. 5. Orders from the Ru.inian-Anicriran Company to its Kadiak Office, Auyiisl 3, 1820. (No. 420.) THI! deceased Raranof was ficiiuently instructed to abstain as far as possible from all intercourse with the foreigners visiting our Colonics, arid also to inforni the subordin.ile ollicers at Kadiak, Unalaska, aiul the seal islands on tliis suliject. Now it has been decided to dispiteh annuallv to tlie Colonies a ship loaded with all su|)plies needed for the iiiaintcnanec of the people, ships, &c. In the years ISlfi and 1S|!) the ships ■Kutuzof" and '• Horodino " were dispatched with valn:d)le cargoes, and during the pr^'sent year Uic " Kutuzof" will be again dispa'ehcd : con- .'.ctpieiitly, tli( re will be no necessity for dealing with foreigners in the matter of supjilies. It is the dcsii'i' of llis Majesty the Emperor, whieli has been cominunieated to our < oinpany, that .all such intercourse should cease, and that the benelits arising from the possessions acipiiri'd by Russia on the coasts of .\sia and .Vnierica should accrue wholly to the henelit of Russian subjects, and especially to our ('oni])any unclei' its Imperial tJiiarter. The Imperial (iovcrnnu'iit has also issued orders to expel from ('khotsk and Kamchatka all foreigners who come there for the purpose of trade; as well as to abstain henceforth from all intercourse with any foreigners who may licrcaltcr visit those shores. [Tor tlic sake of lireservoi_' intact our valuable pnvilrues in the Inclosure in No. 5. Instniction addre.ned hy the Hoard of Adiiiinis- Irntiou of the Riissiaii-Amirirnn C'lriii'aiiy under Ili.i Imperial Majesty's I'rotrctinn /.i il.i ()f/iee at Kiidiak. (No. 420.) THE late Mr. Oaranof was more than once directed to abstain, as far as he jiossihly coidd, from li;iving any dealings with the foi'rigncrs who come to our Cohinies, and to instnief the officers at Kailiak ;uid I'nal.aska ariil the managers on the seal islanils to adopt tlie same I'oiirse, ^loreover. now that it has been deciiU'd. in future, to send to the (^olonics every vcar a ship with all that is wanted in the w;iy of provisions, '.aekle, &e., and in view of the fact tliat llie '• Kiiti:sof " and " Horodino " were sent init in IKIO and IKl!) with large cargoes, and that, in accordance with the decision above referred to, the " Kutnsof '' is to be sent out a second time, not onlv is there no necessity for liaviii'.; dealings with the foreigners, but the Governnient, who have given orders for those who have come lo Okhotsk and Kaniteliatka to trade to be sent away, and for no others to be allowed to come there, have so clearlv slated their wishes in the matter, that you must not even think of Irading with these forci_'ii visitors who oiler certain articles of luxury, wliii'h the Colonies can very well do without, in exchange for furs for which high prices can he o'llained in the (Janton market. Your Olliee is. therefore, stiictly prohihited from parting with any furs whatever to the foreigners in exchange for other goods. You should ask the Offices at Novoarkh- 21 Orkiixai. Ti;ans!.ation. waters over wliinh our tra de and iniliistrv exteiidsj aiii;elsl; we may well dispense -.vitli such aitieles of luxury rciniire. as the foreigners endeavor to make us i)ureh;ise from them. C'on'-efiuently, eaeh eouitnander of a station will he held strirtiv responsihie for tlio slightest infraetion of these rules, or tlie must trivial transnetions lietween foreigners and the people in liis charge. In eases of neeessity, j]roteelion will be aUbrJeil liy llie Connnaders of New ArclKiri;;el aiu! of (Jliluitsk. Aiiyutt 3, lS2a. Aiii/iist ^, UiO. I.'Kvisrri TiiANvi.ATioy. Okhotsk for anything you may No. G. No. fi. f-eftcr /rem tfie Ihiinl if Ailinhiistrnliou <if the Jiiissiuii-Anicn'cun Couipiiiiy lo Cajjliiin-Liiu- tenmil inn! Kiiii//it M. I. Miiriivi-f, CliUf Minimjcr of thf Kintsiiui-Ainvriciin Cuhuien. U'ril/cii from .S7. Vetersburg, March 1."). 18'.']. Mil. Y.ANOVSKV. in his Uei^oif. under date of Ihc ^Slh Febrna.y, l.S'iO, No. -11, dcsenhing his inspeetion of the fur-seal industry on the Islands of St. I'aul and St. George, remarks th.it every year a greater nnnd)er of yoiuig bachelor seals is being killed, while for ])ro;iagalioM there remained only the females, sek.atch,* .-md half sekateh.t < 'or.seqnenlly, only the old breeding animals renuiin, and if any of the young breeders are not kilU'd \)y autumn tliey are sine to be killed in the following spring. From this it naturally results that tlie industry decreases every year in volume, and that in course of lime it m;iv be extinguished entirely, as can clearly be seen from experiments made. In order to avert such disaster, it woidd be to our great advantage that for one year no seals at all should hi' killed. Then strict orders should bo issued that the anmial take of seals should not exceed IO,(i()() on St. I'aul and lO.OOO on ,Sl, (ieorge. Mr. Yanovsky thinks th.at under such rules the fur-seal will not continue to dinnnisli. The Bi.ard of Administration of the Ccimpany, while acknowledging the justice of these renunks, would desire that these measures be em|>loyed only in ea^o of a failure to discover other .seal rookeries on islands to the mn'thwanl and southward of th<' .Moutiaii chain, which it is hoped to discover. In the meantinu', on the Islands of St. I'aul and St. (ieori;e. every third year the first " iirival "I only should be worked m\ one of the islands, in turn. For instame, if on oiu' island the fir.st " prival " is spared, killing from this "prival" is dom: on the other; and, a:;ain, when a |}erioil of rest is observed on the second is'and, all three " privals " are worked cm the lirst island to naike up the anmuil cateli determined upon for both islands. In this way the people will not be idle during .-my year, since they can easily he carried lo whielu'vcr island is designated lor working all three " privals."' If, however, the i-^lands to the northward urc discovered, and are found to he available for sealing, we may, in conl'oj'nnly wilh .Mr. Vanov- sky's opinion, instruct the olUcials ol St. Paul and St. George to work them everv liflh year, limiting the arriiual caleh in the interval on St. I'aul Island • Knlli. t Young bulla. ; Ibe Koril "priyal" nit»n9 tlio larger wnvM of nn In- coniini; t'.dp. aud it i.- ii-f'd'upan tlie nHtiiniption that Die sciU arc United upou tljo liluads in lhrp(' dit^Uoct. w4tok cir ■ privali." Ttio mcBQtUK of IUl' Icit 10 not quiU clear at thiii po.at. I'rnm thr Bnnnl of Ahniitiftriitlnn of the lin.isinn- Aiiirriruii ('iii)ij'(iiiy. under the Prutfelioit of Ilia Impirhil Miiji sly, to C'lji/niii Miitrei Iriiiinriich Murivuj] (l-f., Chh-f Mtimiijer of ilie Unss'am Amcrleim Colonies. (No. l-!-..) IXbis Report No. II of the 2.'')th February, 1820, Mr. Y.niovsky, in giving .m aceount of his inspection of the operations on the Islands of St. I'aul and St. (Ieorge, observes that everv vear the young bachelor s?als are killed, and that only the cows, "sek.iteh," an<l half '■'sc-katch" are left to ])ro|)agate the species ; it follows that only the old seals are let't, while, if any of the bachelors remain alive in the autumn, they arc sure lo be killed the next spring. The consequenec is, that the number af seals obtained diminishes every year, and it is certain that the species will in tinie become extinct. This view is confirmed by experience. In order to prevent tiie extinction of the seals, it would be well to stop the killing altogetlier for one season, anil to give orders that not more tlian ■lO.OOO are ever lo be killed in anv (Mie vear on the Island of St. I'aul, or more than 10,'()()() in any one year on the Islainl of .St. (ieorge. -Mr. ^ anov.sky considers thai, if tliese nuasures arc adopted, the nninbcr of >eals will never diniinish. The Hoard of Administration, aIt!:ougli they concur in Mr. Yanovsky's view, have <le.~ided not to adopt the measures proposed by him unless it is found that there is no migration nf seals to the two .small inlands which are believed to e\ist to the south and north of the idiain of islands; they have decided in the meantime that, every fourth season the lust batch of seals arnvinj; at the Island of St. I'aul shall be sjvired, aiul the same in the ease of the Isl.ind of St. (ieorge. The following arrangement should be adopted. iHiring the season when the lirst batch is to he spared on the Island of St. I'aul, the killing of all three batelics of seals should go on (ui the Island of St. (ieorge. and conversely. Nd more Ihiin lO.CIUI seals should be killed on the Island of St. I'aul, or more tluni 10.0110 on the Island of St. (ieorge, in any one year. If this arrange- ment is adopted, the men will never be idle : for when the time comes for one batch to be spared on one island they can all go lo the other, where all three batches are to bo killed. If the small island- sujipiiscd lo exist to the north are dis- covered, and are found to be visited by seals, you should, as suggested by Mr. Yanov^ky, give in- struetiims for the employes of the (lomiiany on St. I'aul and St. (ieorge to go and kili .seals there every sixth year, and to continue lo kill 10,01)0 on' St. I'au'l am.l 10,000 ou St. (ieorge 22 OlilCilSAL Tl!AX.Sl,.VTIn.V. to 10,000 and oi\ St. George to 10,000. We must suppose tli.it a total suspension of killing every iiftli year will effectually ^ top the diniinution of tlic fur-seals, and that it will lie safe at the expiration of the elosc season to resume killiiij; at the rate mentioned above. Hy strict ohse.vance of such rules, [and a proliihition ol' all KilliiiL' of fur-seals at sea or in the nasscs of the Aleutian Islands.] we may hope to iiiaUe tins industry a permanent and reliahle source of income to the Company, without disturhing the price of these vnluahle skins in the market. (Ireat care must be taken to prevent tiie burning of skins subjected to artilicial drying. This process must not he resorted to with salt wood (driftwixid), and if no otiier can he obtained, the greatest (arc nmst he taken to regulate the lircs. The noM-observance of strict rules upon this point has already been the cause of losses to the Conipany, anu)unling to millions of rubles. The latest shipment i of t'ur- .seals to Russia were in fair coiulition,<'onse(piently we may hope that equal care will be taken in the future. When you visit the islands you will make such arrangements as in your judgnicnt will prove beneficial to both the Company and the natives employed. If, from unforeseen circum- stances, you should be prevente<l I'rom visiting the islands in cpiestion, be sure to send a trust- worthy representative who will impress upon officials as well as employes tliat our Rules for pre- .serving these valuable animals must be observed. Witli the greatest respect, we are, your Ex- cellency's humble servants, (Signed) MICIIAKL KISSELEF, VENKDICT KR.VMEK, ANDRKY SEVKRIN, Directors of Ihc Riissiim-American Cowpmni. No. 7. Lctler from the Hoard of Ailinhtislraliou of the Riissian-Americnn Cotiipaivj to Ctij/ta'm-I.ieit- IciKiiit M. I. Muravit'f, ('hiif Mnnai/fr of the liuxs'ian - Amerirari Ciloiiies. If^rillen from SI. Petershurij, Sejitcmkr 7, 1821. TIIE Doard of Administration having received a copy of the Rules for the limits of navigation and comniunicatiim aloii'.; the coa'^t of Eastern Siberia, the uorth-ivest viiunt of .\nieriea, the Aleutian, Kurile, and other ishuuls [and the intcr- venini; waters.] established and conllrnwd liy Ills Majesty the Emperor, and trnnainiltcd to the (lovcrning Senate for iiromulgation and publica- tion, we hereby send ynu \.nv stamped co|)y for your guidance ami observan.'e. 'I'lu'se Rules and Re^ulalions will be translated into the English and Kreneli languages, and as sooti as these translations have been received we shall cmleavour to forward them to you by one of the naval vessels." (Signed) VENEDICT KRAMER, Director. ANDREI SEVERIX, Jfireclor. Rkviskh 'ri;A\>t.\TloN. every year. At the eiul <>' "very live years, the killing should cease o" .St. I'.ud and St. (ieorge for one year, for the propagation of the species; during that year the catch on the small islands to the north will inilemnify the Company for wh.it it loses im St. P;iul and St. (ieorge; aiul the following year the usual operations will be resumed, and 10,000 seals killed on St. I'au! and I(),(H)()on St. George. These measures will preserve the fur-seal industry ami ads'aiu'e the best interests of the Company by preventing the ])riee of the furs from falling in the market. Great care should also be taken that the skins are not spoilt by excessive drying in ovens, if the adoption of that method is sometimes made necessary by persistent bad weather; the managers of the i-slands should be very caveful (hat the ovens are not over-heated, and should be called upon to pay fur any skins that are made useless for export. The Coin])any have, in former times, lost about a millimi roubles in this manner. The fius brought to Russia latterly have been fairly well prepared, and it is to be hi'ped that this improvement will continue. The Hoard would be glad if, when you next go to the islands, you would suggest any measures which you thiidv would tend to improve the fur- seal industry; should it, however, be impossible for you to visit the islands at present, you will lose no time in giving orders for the Rules bid down by this Hoard to be ap|i!ied forthwith. (Signed) MICHAEL KISSDI-KF. VENEDUn' CRAMER. ANDREI SEVERIN. (Signed) Zki.knsky. Chief Cirk. March 15, IMl. No, 7. From the lionrd I'/'Ailiiiiiii.i/ro/in'i of the liKsxIini- AvirriaiN Conijiiiiiy iiiiiirr Ilia luijnrial Mnjixliif I'riitecHoii to Cajitaiii Mti/rci Iriiuorilch Mnrorief, 6f-r., Chief Mnniiijer of the linssiati-Aiiieriean ('oloiiivt:. (No. .-,10.) I TItAN.SMIT herewith, for your inrcu'iualion and guidance, u printed copy whieh ha-, been received bv this Board of llie Rules with r.'gaid to the limit of navigation anil the <irder of corn- munieation by sea along the shores of Eastern .Siberia, of North-Western America, and of the .\leutian, ICiirile, and other islands which have been sanctioned by His Majesty the I'niperor. and eoinniunicated to the Ruling Senale for publicition, Tliese Rules will be translated iut(y English and French, and if this Board can olitain copies of the English and Ereueh versions, they shall be sent to you by one of the Imperial ships. (Signed) VENEDICT KRAMER, Director, ANDREI SEVERIN. Director. (Signed) Zei.knskv, Chief Clcri- September 7, l.H'Jl. • The Rntei rctetrcd to >ri! tlic IkiEC o( 1821. p. I» ) (See Tol. I, ()l!Ii;lXAI. Tli.V-NSI.ATION. Li'llvi' fiiiiii till- Jioaril of .I'li.iiiiislnitimi ly t/ir liiisxiaii-Aiiiriintii C(jni//iiiii/ Id (Jufilmn-Lii'ii- tiiuwt of tliv liii/jcrid/ Xiiii/ mill Kiiijihl M. I. Suraviff, Cliief .Vamii/ir of llw Jliissiun - American Co/unir^. II ritlcn from St. Pclcrshnri/, SepUml'i'r 20, tS21. THK ^^inistl'■ of Fiimiico, liis Kxccllcucv Count Dmitry Alexaiulroviti'li Giirvif, umler date of tlic Istli instant, lias informed tlic Hiiavil of Adniinisi ration of the Company tliat His Imperial Majesty, on the l.Jth day of the present month, luis most i^raeioiisly deigned to eonsicU-r in ]/rivnte council tlie proi)ositions huhmitted by his Kxcel- Icncy of ijrantinf; anew to tiie Company its rights and priviU'ijes for a |)criod of twontv years. A new set of Rules and Herniations were also taken under advisement, and the subsequent action, as evinred by tlie Imperial Edict, furnishes |)rojf of the sincere anxiety on the part of t!ie Imperial Government to assist all praiseworthv and patriotic entcrj)riscs, such as that representeil bv uur Company, and to extend over them its lii;;liest protection. Our au;;ust Monarch is readv to do all in liis power to fnrtncr the elibrts of the Jiussian-. American Company in sijrea'.lin;; civiliza- tion and Christianity in the most ili,«tant possessions of liu.-sia, proinisini; at the same time to secure to tluj Company its Hell-deserved profits and a<lvimta^es. The Board of .Vdministration of tlic Company has received tlie ndict and accompanying |{ej;u- latiuns as pronuil^'ated by the Direct inj; Senate, and ten copies of these documents with the seal of the Company allixcd are herewith inclosed. [\Vith this precious .\ct in your hand you will be enabled to assutne a new position, and to stand tirmly opposed to .dl atlempis on the pari of foreii;iiei's to iiifrnme u|)on our rijhls and privi- le;;es. In accordanci with the will of His Imperial Majesty, we will not bi' left to pni tecl unaideil the laiul and waters embraced in onr I'Xclusive privileges. A sipiadron of naval vessels is umler orders to pr('i)are for a crni?,e to the coast>^ of Norliii'Mslerii .\sia ai;d .N'orlli-wi'stern .\ineric.i. In vour dealiiiLrs »i(li lori'i','nersJ you will act especially under the provisions of the I'ollowini; paragraphs eoiitaiced in tlie new Kegul'illons : .i.'., ;!!», II, l.i. ■!!, I'l i;i, :'>!, ."eJ, ."lo, .'),") lilt, ll:', fi I, 117-7". [I hese p.irajraplis bear )il,iiiily iipim the points ill (iis|iute ln't^fcii us and otiier sea- fariiii; nations. We e.ih now stand iipnn our ri^iils. and ilrive tidii our Wi.lei> and pons llie intruders who threaten In ileal iidi/.e the benehts and iiifts must jiiaeiously liest.iwcd upon our Ciimpany bv liis Imperial Xiajesiy Faillitulness eariviii'' out the and cueruv on vour p; rl in ]irovisions of this Kiliei wiU be diilv reported to and ajnircciated by the highest aiithoritic. I >f the copies of the doeuinents herewith in- closed.* you will furnish ohl- each to the oHiccs of New .\rchaiigel, Ivadiak, I'nala-Ka, |{os». and to the agents on the nortlicrn fur-seal islands, with inslriictioiis to coniplv with all ils provisnnis as far as local circnmstauccs will permit, with such additional explanations as vou mav see lit to furiiisii to the various individuals in charge. It * \ copy of tlic rkaec. IraD^lalcd iiit.> the Kngliiih hiigii;tj;(<, wiu iucldncd nitlt tliJH I, Iter, auil froiu it iit copied tlio traillal. lijH of Ihc fkasc iincrlcii iiiTol. i. p. 24. [117] liF.VISKIi Tk.VXSI.ATIOX. No. 8. Frooi tlif Hoard of Aihnlni'lralion of the Runsiati- Amcriaa Compiiiiij inulerllix Iiiipertal Majesli/s I'rnli'ition to Caplain .\fatvei fvannvilr/i Muraiief ('/lief Munaijer of the Hunsian - American Colonies. (No. ,-);!2.) HIS Kxcellcrcy Count Dmitri .Mexandrovitch Ciurief, Minister of Finance, informed this I'oard on the Isth instant that Ilis Imperiid ^Majesty had been pleased to approve, at Porkhov, on the l.itli instant, drafts of a Charter granting privi- leges to this Com])any for a further period of twenty yetirs, and of Kegulations for its guidance. In inclosing copies of tlie^e papers. Count Gurief expressed the hope that, as they furnished to the Com])aiiy proof of the anxiety of the Government to make it a still more useful institution, this Board would, on its part, use its best endeavours to meet the wishes of the Covernment in every respect, and especially that it would lose no time in sending the necessary instructions to you as the Chief Manager of the Company's Colonies. The Hoard has also received these documents, m the form in which they were printed for puhlicition, from the Ruling Senate. Ten copies arc transmitted herewith. In these documents, and especially in the Hcgidations. the Governnicnt has explained the <luties which it expects you, and this Hoard through vou, to fullil. The Hoard docs not consider it necc:rsary to repeat all that is stated in the Charter and Regidatioiis, by which expressions of the wishes of the Government you will of course he guided. In calling; vour ptirticular attention, however, to paragraphs '.i.-.. .il), 11, -l.i. li, 10, l7, |f^. 1!), .->!, ."):.'. j.i, .)."), .)(;, :)7. .'i-^. .0'.), (io, Cn', dl, nr, (is, C9. ami 7" of the Regulations, the Hoard lioi)es that vou may earn the a|>prov:d of the toivermnent by complving with its requirements, ami that vou may enable the lloaril to bear witness always to the usefulness iif your proceedings. He so good as to supply copies of the inelostires to the othcfs tit Novo Arkhangelsk, Kadiak, I'nidaska. anil Ross, tmd the De|iartineiits at (he northern seal islands, and to instruct them in detiul as to the manner in which, keeping in view local circumstances, the Rules now laid down should be carried out. I( is necessary that detailed iiistrnctions should be given to insure uniformity in the manner in which they arc applied, and to make it certain that they will be II 2i Origivai. Traksi.ation. is necessary to add that such additional instruc- tions and explanations must he uniform in tenor and expression in order to avoid misunderstanding and embarrassment to tlic Board of -Vdministra- tion. Upon the receipt of such overwliehnin;; evidence of tlie good-will of our Monarcli toward the Company, we most sincerely congratulate you and your co-lahorers in the tield of enterprise. In our future correspondence we will not forget to furtlicr enlarge upon this suhject as circum- stances may require. Lacii of time prevents us from saying more at present. (Signed) VKNKDICT KRAMER, Director. ANDREI SEVEUIN, JJircctor. IjKVISF.n TllANSI.ATIOX. understood, as otherwise embarrassment niigiit be caused to vou and to this Board. We heartily congratulate you, our fellow- worker, on the happy occasion of the bestowal on the Company of this mark of the favour of His Imperial Majesty, This Hoard will not forget to write to you furtlier in regard to tlie Charter and Regulations if there is any point on which it considers exphiiiatioMs necessary. Tlie sliortness of this letter is owing to want of time. (Signed) VENEDICr KR.VMER, Din-rtor. ANDREI SEVEKIN. Direilor. (Signed) Zei.ensky. C/iiff Clerk. Sepfemher 20. 1821. No. 0. Letter frnm the fionril ij' Ailminiitration of the Bimsiiui-.lmfriran ('om/iKiii/ to (.'iiptdin-Lieii- tfiiinif It/ till' lin/ierial .\'iivi/ anil Kiiii/lit .U. J. Miirariif, Cliiif Miiniijicr if the Ru.isian - Aiiirricuii ('olinws. Wiittin frnm St. Peteml/iirn, Fel/ruar;/ M, W2J. IN your despatch No. 3C, dated the -1st January. 18il, ycm asked for instructions as to sending in one cargo all the fiM-:< remaining if your liands, as you did in thai year, shipping C0,0(«) fur-seals liy the " Borodino."' The Board of Administration of tlie Company informs you that it is necessary lo suspend for a time sliip- nients of fur-seals, since those .shipped by the "Borodino" slill remain unsold, and other lots arc in the same condition at Moscow and in Siberia. Tl esc fur-seals were not sold because the demand for them, as well as all other furs, has been greatly reduced during the Turco-(ireeian difficulty. However, yon need not on that account discontinue the shipments of the other valuidjle furs by the way of Okhotsk and Kron- stadt. [As to fnr-seals. however, since our gracious Sovereign has been i)lcased to strengtiien our claims lit j urisdii'tion ami exclusive rights in these waters with his strong liand. we can well atl'ord to reduce the mimlier of seals killed annually, and to [latieiitiy aw.iit the natural increase resulting tlieret'roin. which will yield us an abundant harvest ill the future.] In reference lo your action in dispoi^ing of the .lapane.se briiss cannon, we fully a])provc of what j'ou have done. You did not nceil them in the Colonies, since you must have on hand sullicient armament to i:t out all the Company's vessels as cruisers for the protection of our waters. (Signed) MICHAEL KISSELEF. V. KR.VMER. .VNDREI SEVERI.N. No. 9. Reply of the lionril of Aihinnislration of the Ji'iis.iian-Americiiii Coiiipiiiiii to Ciiptnin Matvei haiiocitrh Mvnn-i'f, of the Imjicrial Xnvij, lie. Chief .Uiiitai/cr of the llusnian-.lmerican Colonics. (Received on the " TchirikotT," October 2, 1822.) (No, 15.").) IN yinir despatch No. .'id of tlie 21st .lanuary, 1K:21, you asked whether you were to send home the whole stock (meaning the stock of furs), and yon did in fact send it ((10.000 seal-skins) by the " Borodino " last year. The Board wishes you not to send home any more se.'d-skins for some time, because those that came by the "Borodino" are still on its hands unsold, some of them being at Moscow and in Siberia. There is no demand for seal-skills, and. in fact, the fur trade is altogether very .Uack, owing to tiie diHiculties between Turkey and (ireeee. Still, you should scud home the better kinds of furs via Okhotsk and Cronstadt. You also wished lo know whether you were right in semlini: home the .lapanese brass guns. The Board entirely approves your having done so, because they were of no use to you in the Cfjionies, and, in fact, it had already been proposed to send them Iiere from Okhotsk by way of the Colonics. (Signed) MICn.\KI. KISSELEF. VKNKDICT KR.VMER. ANDREI SEVKRIN, (Signed) Zei.ensky, Chief Clerk. Fchruanj 22, 1822. Ohioix.vi, Tran'si.atiiin-. X... 10. Letter /mm llif Hour'' of Admiiiistrntinii nf tin- liimnum-Amrncini Cnnij'Hiiii to C'l/'t'tin-Lieu- ttniint of tlif Imperial X(ii;i ■mil Kni'ilil M. I. Miiravii/', U'rilten from St. I'tti-rsl)iirii, Juli, .U", ISl'L'. FROM the inclosed Ministerial documents and the observations thcrcnn by the Board of Adniinistriition, you will see that Kngland and the L'nited States are contesting the |)rivilege3 and marine jnrisdictidn conferred upon the Company. The tirst-nientioned Power ))r()tests against the boundary claimed l)y our (jovernment on the line ot" the Hist parnllel; the cither I'owcr against the prohibition of foreign vessels from approaching witliin KM) miles of our Colonies. In view of these ])retens!ons. His Imperial Majesty has deigned to instruct the Itussian Minister to the United States to nego- tiate with the tlovcrmnent of tliose States as to wliat measures could be taken which w(udd prove satisfactory to both, with a view of averting further disputes. If you should happen to become involved in ditliculties with foreigners on that stil)ject, you may allow yourself to be guided by the spirit of the above-meulioned docunnnts. At the sanu- time, wc can inform you that witliout regard to future negotiations His Imperial Majesty, t'lrougli the naval commaiuler of his general slafT, has ordered the CuMUuander of the frigate " Kreisser,'' about to sail for the Colonics, not to insist loo strictly ui)OM the full distance of 100 miles, while at the s.uiic time aliorcling the fullest prolccliou to our iiuiuslrics, and jjrcceeding with all foreign ships cjigaged in pursuits injurious to tlieui to tlic full exfcut of marine jurisdiction. 25 UeVLIED Tl'.ANSI.ATIOJf. No. 10. (Signed ) \. K HAM Eli. AXDiiia >i;vi;uix. lioiird of Ailministrntion of tlie liu-isian-Amcrican ( 'ompdiiu III Ciiptain Miitvi'i Irniiin-ilrk Mtinr-ief, of thr liiiperial Navi/, Isr., Chiif Maiiinjcr of the /inssian- American Oihnies. (Ueceived on the frigate "Kreiser," September 3, 18:23.) (No. 4,S1. Secret.) /«/)/ 31, 1822. YOU will see from the inclosed copv of a letter from the Ministry (of Fiiianee\ and the obser- vations of this Hoard thereon, that England and the United States are raising olijections to the |)rivi- legcs granted to the (,'olonies and to the Maritime Keunlations ; to the former, because our Uovern- ment h.ivc fixed the boundary at .'il degrees, and to the latter, because foreign ships are forbidden to come within 100 miles of our Colonies. In view of these pretensions, His Imperial Majesty has been pleased to instruct the Kussian Minister to the United .'^tates to agree with that (jovermneut upon the measures necessary to be adopted in order to prevent any further dispute. If you should have any discussion with the foreigners on these sul>jects, you will be guided by tic inclosed papers. At the same time, this Hoard has to inform you, in connection with these matters, that His Ittipi'rial Majesty has been ])leased to instruct the Commaiuler of the frigtitc " Kreiser,'" which is now on its way to you, tlirougli the luival head of the general staff, not to a])ply ths 100-iiiile rr.lc too strictly ; accordingly, if he found a torcign ship nearer than that distance he would act with rcLrard to it as laid down in the .Maritime Ucu'ulations.* (Signed) VENEniCT KRAMER. ANDREI HEVERIN. (.Signed) Zelensky, Cliiff Clerk: Inclosure in No. 10. Indosure in No. 10. Letter ffini the Minuter of Finiinre to tin' llour'l <>/' Ailiiiinintrfilioii of the Itiixx'riii-.lmericidi ('iillljKllil/, ll'ri'fe .lilt II V?'. \Xi->. I mm St. I'vl.rsti r.ii'iir;!, 'I'llK Managing Chief of the .Ministry of Foreign Affairs has informed me that on prescnta- lioii by our (lovcrmnent to the Cabinets of l.oiulon and Washington of ihc Rules ]n'o- nudg.at,e<l on the llli il.ay of September, 1821, concerning the limits of navigaliou aiul system of coastwise intercourse ahuig the sliorc'- of Eastern Siberia, North-western America, and the .Vleutiau and Kurile Islands and others, protests were eidercd by the English and North-.\uuu'icai\ Govermueuts against what they called an exten- sion of our domain, as well as against the rule forbi'lding foreign ships from apiiroiiehing the above •mentioned localities within the distance of 100 Italian miles. Offlres iif the MiniMry of Finiiiirc, '2nil Di<isinn, ■h;l Tiilile, to the Cliie/' Mniiiii/er uf Ike Ihissiim- Ameeienn Com/niiii/. (Received July H, 1^22.) (No. 938. Secret.) Jii.'ii 18, 1822. THl'- Head of the Ministry of Foreign .Vtfairs has inforuu'd me that, on our (iovcrmiicnt com- municating to the Cabinets of London ami Wa'-bingtou the Regulations for the limits of navigation, and for coumuinicatiou by sea along the shores of Eastern .Siljcria, North-western America, and the Alcutiaji, Kurile, and I'ther islamls, approved by His Imperial Majcstv im the 1th September, 1821, the iMiglish and North- American (loverumeiits nuide representations against wliat they term the extension of our dominions, as well as against the rules forbidding foreign ships to eonu' within 100 Italian miles of the above-nu'ntioued places. • TliiB is the litorii traiL^lalion ot" tlM Itiissian tu\t.- lator s nut? I - crraaa- 152913 (MlKJNAI. 'l'l;AN".Sr..VTIilN. Ill ooiisiiliTiiig my Hi-piirt on tliese representa- tions, His Miijt'.sty the Kinperor, Nvisliini; always to pri'siTve tlie lu'st possilile unilersta;i(ling with forcii;n Powers, and liavin; in view at llie sncw time the possil)ility of acts of violenee oeciir- rin^ Ijetucen Uussiao and American vessels, and the misfortunes wiiieli iheni'e nii^lit result, has deij;ned to instruct the naval authoiities to j^uide their action l)y his sentiments on this suhjeet. Tlicse instructions will he cninmunieate'' to the coniniamler of the two Imperial ships ordered to sail this year fur the imilh-west coast of America. In the nicantime. 1 am iinthorized to conmiunicale to you tlic fiillowin;;: — ■ 1. That Union 'ruyll von Scroskerkev has Ijeen appointed ;is sucecsscn' to Mr. I'oletiea in the position of Impeiial Russian .\ml)assador and Minister I'lenipoteiitiary to the I.'nileil rNorth- Aiiicriean Stales, and ilia: he has already taken his departure for \Vashin;j,ton in order to consult with the ( ioveriinient llieie as to such mea.sures as may prove satisfactory to hoth and meet with mutual consent, avoidini; all further dithcultics coneerninj; our mutual rij;hts in connection with our ])osscss!oiis on the north-west coast of America. His iirineipal ohjeet will he to aholish all cause of complaint on the part of our .\mcricai> Company eonccinini; the intrusive enterprise of certain •uhjects of the United States, and ah i relieve them of a strict ohseivaiicc of the Luict dated <Uh Septemher, 1S21, which in every other respect must he sustained. 2. In order that Uaron TuylPs negotiations may he facilitated and hnnight to a speedy eonclusion, he has hcen furnished with atninseript of the Russian-Anitrican Conipany's views as to the Rules we could ash llic (iovernment of the American United States to ohscrve, with a view to the maintenance of friendly intercourse without injury to the vast interests of our Company and those of the native iiihahilants of tliat countrv. The Rules to he propos( <1 «iil piohalily impiv that it is no loni;cr necessary to |)rohil)it the navigation of foreinn vessels for the distance mentioned in the Kdiet of Itli Scptrniher. 1821. and that Me will not claim jiiri-dii'tion over eoast- wise waters iic\ond tiic liinils a i'ccpteil hv any other .Maritime Pow er [for the hIioIc of our co:ist facing the o pen ocean. Overall int'^rior waters, liowever, and ovir .-lU •..atcrs inclosed hv Russian territory, such as the Sea of Okii risk. Herin,' Sea, or the Sea of Kamehalka, as well as in all 'iilf-. hays, and estuaries within our possessions, the ri^lit to the strictest control will alwavs he niaiii- tained.] In informini; me of the lii-jliest will on these points, the Man.ayiiif; Chief of the Miiiistrv of Foreign .Mhiirs expresses the desire to ohtain a full and clear descriptive statement of all localities which are at Ike jiresent day occupied by the Uussian-.\inerican Company, and over which the same Coinjiany is now ciijoyim? its exclusive |)rivilej;c of trade, naviuatiim, and lisherv. in order to make it possiljlo to asecrt.ain diliiiilelv the jioints to which fori'ijn vessels mav lii^ admitted without iii,nirv to the ('oiiipMiiv s vested r ights. the Manaymjf Chief ot the Ministry ot Foreign AfTairs adds that when, in the Charter granted to the Riissian-.\mericaii Company in the year 17!'!), the 5Dth degree of norllicrn latitude was settled IiK.VISK!) Tl:\NSI.ATII).N. ')ii these representations being reported to the Emjteror, llis Imperial Majesty, hcin!; anxious to do all in hi.i |)ower to preserve the best under- standing in his relations with foreif^n Powers, and especially wishing; to prevent tin; oceurrence of conflicts between Russian and Ameri(!aii ships, which might lead . impleasaiitness, was pleased to give instructions to the Department of the Navy in accordance with these views, in eonnection with the sending o! two ships this year to the north- west coast of America. Ills Inipe"ial Majesty at the same time gave (U'ders for the following steps to be taken meanwhile : — 1. Baron Tnvll vim Seroskerkcn is to be appointed Imperial Russian ICnvoy Kxtraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of North .\nierica in place of M. Poletica, and is to proceed to Washington, without delay, to concert with the .Vmcrieaii (iovernment incisures to be taken by common eoiiseiil to prevent any further dispute on the subject of the extent of the respective jurisdictions of Russia and the United States on the north-west coast of America, to put iiu end to the complaints of our .Vmcrican Colonics of the jiroccedings of eeitaiii citizens of the United States, and by this means to make it unnecessary to enforce to their full e.ttcnt the Regulations of the 4th September, 1821, which we should otherwise have to apply rigorously. 2. In order that Baron TuvU may he enabled the more easily to carry out the mission intrusted to him, the Russian-American Comiiaiiy are to furnish nic as soon as possible with a statement of the measures which we might enll upon the Government of the United States of America to take, in order that the sources from wliieli the Company derive their revenue may not snITer, and in orilcr that the iiative inhahitaiits of those rci^ions may rot disturb <mr Settlements by ccrrvintr on prohibited trade. These measures should he of such a nature as to make it unnecessary for us any longer to insist on the distance stated in the Rules of the Ith September, 1S2], to he that within which no I'oreii;!! .ship may come, and such as to enable us to ccmfine ourselves to e.^en-isin^- a control over such an extent of water onlv as is by common custom cohskIitciI to he under the jurisdiction of any Power which lias possession of thrt seaboard, ami to introduciii.i^ on tli (' I'oasI sueli a system <it surveillance as niav be found necessarv hir ll.c protection ot our territorv Irom attack, and tor ' . . . ' the proventiiMi of illicit trading. In <'oMmiuuicating to me the Kmperor's orders in this matter, the Head of the Foreign Ollice desires (hat the Company's statement may be accompanied by an aceur.ate iiecount of the localities where the Rus>ian-/\mericim Company has hitherto exercised the right of hunting, lishing. and tradm j, as well as an i ndication of the paralle l of latitude which I'aii be iix'd as the farthest limit ot our ilominiims, without giving rise to remonstrances and pretensions suchas those whi ch have lately liecii evoked . The Head of the Foreign Ulliec adds that, when the Charter granted to the Russian- American Company in 179!( lixed as this boundarv the iiJt'a degree of latitude north, and d to the ixioiis to t muler- vcrs, ami roiii'o of ships, ist'd to Navy ion with i> Mortli- iji'sty at ni;; steps to he (([•(hilar)' •il State's and is to ) (((iicert res to be further of the If United ca, to put American 1 citizens s to make xtent tlie 21, which ously. (1llI(;I>fAI, Tli.VN'SI.ATION. 27 I!kvisi;ii Tiiaxsi.atiox. upon as the southern lioutidary, tliis hue «as looked upon as well to tlic northward of any possessions claimed hy other I'owcis, and one wliirh couM safely he eliaiiged in rase our Russian-American Company should he found oecnpyinf; territory farther south. For tliis reason. Privy-Counselor Count Nessel- rode suggests that it would he well for the Hnssian-American Company to eonipile in addition a list of its stations, the time of their estahlislimeiit and maintenance, together with any information th(\v may possess of the situation, strenjjth, and importance of any estahlishnients maintained in the vi.;inity of our |)ossessions hy English or Nortli-Ameriean Trading Companies. In order to enahle me to comply with these various suggestions, and in view of the urgen<;y of the matter in liand, I now respectfully request tlie Board of Administration of the Russiaii-Ameriean Company to furnish me, without any unnecessary delay, a Report containing tlie information specitied ahove, in duplicate, one copy to he forwarded to the Imperial .Vmhassador at Washington. At the same time, I am authorized to assure you that every effort will he made to secure the adoption of such Rules as will efTectually protect the liussian-Amcriean Company from inroads on the part of foreigners upon their vested privileges, in strict conforiiiitv not only with the privileges granted by highest Act, hut also with the Kdict of 4th September, 1821. (Signed) Count D.GURYKF, Minister iif Fiiiii,"'!; Y. DRLSIIIMN, l:ireilvi'. gave permission to tlie Company to establish new stations even south of this line, except in places belonging to other Powers, no foreign (lovernment objected to these two points, hut that, on the other hand, it appears that two English Companies, the \ortli-Hfcst Compa.y and the Hudson's Bay Company, have long had trailing stations established on the north-west coast of the American continent, l)e;;inniiig from .I I north latitude, and extending, according to some accounts, to .5(i°. I'nder these circumstances, I'rivy Councillor Count Nesselrode thinks that it would be useful if the Uussian-.Vmerican Company would com- municr.te all the information in its possession with regard to the existence of these stations and the time of their establisbnient, as lie considers such information indispensable in order to avoid claims being advanced by England when we proceed with the I'liiled States to the delimita- tion of our respective territories. In bringing what is stated above to tiie notice of the Board of .Vdministration of the jliissian- Ameriean Company, in accordance with the Emperor's orders, I have to rer|uest it to supply, without delay and in siilHcient detail, the infor- mation required from it, in order that a Hrm basis of fact may he established on which to found the instructions to he sent to Baron Tuyll, with a view to the defence of our territory against unfounded claims and ijurious attempts on the part of foreigners, ami to the protection of the interests of the Russian-.Vmerican Com- pany, in accordance witli the aims which the Government had before it when drawing up the Charter granted to the t'omi)any, and the Regulations approved by His Imperial Majesty on the 4th September, 1821. (Signed Count D. GLRIKF, Minhler of I'iiiunrt: Y. DRUSIllNIX, Director. A true eopv : (Signed) The ClIIKK f'LF.nK. No. II. No. II. of aiiv k, and tor n's orders ign Ollice t may be t of' the Company hunting. Ki'ii'i; LiHer from flif MiHiKtcr i;/' Fiininrf ( />rji(irliiii'iil of .Sliiniifiifliivi's mill liili-rihi/ Trwle) l" the lionril of Ailmiiiislrnlidi) of tite. JiiixniHU- Ami'riniu ('oiif/'uini. Ilri/leii /hmi St. Peler"- /ii/r.i, Ajirll i. 1824. ()\ the suliject of your repicsentions. under No. 73 of 11th Fel)riiary of this year, concerning the permission to foreign vessels of entering the harbor of New .Vrcliaiigel for the purpose of trading with the Chief Manager of the Ijussian- American Colonies for such ncccssiiries as he may be in want of, I have received a cominunication from the Minister of Foreign Affairs. C(mnt Karl Vassilieviteh has been pleased to inform me that he has submitted the matter to His Majesty the Emperor, and that His .Majesty, finding that the solicitations on the part of the Board of Administration of the Ru; siau-Anieriean Company c(mcerning the renewal of intercourse with foreigners in the Colonies were deserving of attention, lias most graciously ordained that inter- course and trade with foreign ships in the '1171 Lett vr from tin' .VintKlir of FiiKiiire (Dipiirtiiiiiit of Mnniif'inliuT" mill Internal Traili) In the Bouiil of Attiiiiiiitilriiiioii of till- liii.t.sian- Aiiii'rinni t'oiiijwivi. Il'ritteii from St. I'eters- hiirii, Afi-il J. 1824. 1 HAVE had a communication from the Minister in charLre of the Ministry of Foreign Afl'airs in regard to tlie representation made hy the Hoard of .Vdministration. dated the 11th Fehr',iar\ . 1>'24, No. 7;!. concerning the perniissioii to foreign vessels to enter the harbour of New Arclianijel for the iHirpose of Iradiic; with the Chief .Manager of the Uussian-.\meriean Company onlv, in order to procure articles wliicli are absolutelv neecssarv. Count Karl Vasilevitch has informed me that he has made a Report on this subject to His Majesty the Emperor, and "that His Majesty, finding that the reasons which induced the Boai-d of Administration of the Russiaii-.\merieaii t 'ompany to desire the renewal of the trade which formerly existed in our Colonies with forei;;uers are deserving of consideration, has been |)lea3ed to command that the carrying on of trade with 28 OniOISAI- TUANSLATIOS. Colonics may lie carried on under established Regulations, and in one port ilesignnted fur the puqjosc. Infonniiifj you of this 'gracious permission on the part of Ills .Majesty tlic ICinperor, I will add that I am authorized to state that it is the intention of the proper authorities to desiijnate Sitka as the one port which foreifjn vessels will be permitted to enter for the (lurposc of trading; with 'he Company only. (^Signed) Lieutenant-! lencral KANKUIX, Miiiislir "/ Finiime. SKUGKI UVAUOF, Dirvctor. l!:;visKii Tiian.si.ation. foreign vessels arriving there he perniitled in accordance with established rei^ulations at one designated port." In notifying you of this permission of His Majesty the Kinpcror, I suggest that the Hoard of Administration, on its part, make tlie necessary arrangements to accomplish this object. (Sijjned) Licutenant-ficneral KAXKUIX, Miiii^tfi- i'f /'iiifiinr. .SKIUJKI UVAllOF, Pincloi: No. 12. Leilir from Coiinl Xrnsclrnile In Xiholns Smipiin- litch Monlriiiof'. Wrillfii frum .S7. Ptfernliiir'i, THK, communication of your Excelleney, dated 20th Fcbrmuy of this year, in which you express your opinion on the sul)jcct of the rights of the Russian-.Vmcrican Company to control certain parts of the north-west coast of America, and on the threatening dispute over the limits of such rights, I have had the iioTiour to submit to His Majesty the Kinpcror. Mis Majesty, upon receipt of tlic connnunication, most graciously gave it his immediate and careful attention. His M.ijesty was pleased to enter into the subject witii the thor()Ui;]mcss and promptitude which, as your Excellency is well aware, he bestows njion all subjects relating to the welfare of Russian sub- jects, especially of those who by their enterprise and energy have contributed to the enlargcnu^nt and dovelopnient of the Knipire, The lOmperor recalls with pleasure all tli;it has been acconi- jilisheil by our bold navigators in tlie discovery of islands and coasts of .\meriea: their cITorts and successes, their losses and the dan^'crs incurred in the settlement of regien^ theretofore utiknown, the natural riclies of which, they were the first to gather in and lay befure the civilized world. These achievements doubtless gave us the right to look for commcnsurat .' advantages from those regions, and His Majesty's Ministers will iu)t during the i)resent negotiations ignore, nor have they at any other time ignored, this point of view. Hut wliile endeavouring to preserve the advantages gained niiilcr such dilhculties, and while aiixions to obtain others by all legitimate means, we nuist not forget tliat there nuiy i)e other more ini|HU'tant ])uldic interests and rcquirc- menls imposing othci more important duties upmi the (iovcrnment. I consider it unnecessary, my dear Sir, to explain to you. who are thorougldy versed in all branches of the science of government, that in political negotiations wi' canm)t conline ourselves to weighing; oidy the greater or lesser immediate advantage nivolvcd in ,i (pu'stion. His .Majesty's .Ministers prim.iiily consider the right and justice of a (piestion, ami when right or justice cannot be obtained without s.ierifice, they make the le^ser interests yield to the greater, and above all they strive to secure the object in view without resort to force or embroilment with friendly Power.*. AVitiuiut such sentiments no success could be No. 12. (Copy.) Sfy dmcious Sir, Nicholas Scmenovitch, I HAD the felicity of submitting to the notice of His Imperial Majesty the despatch of your high Excellency of the 20th February of the present year, in which you express your opinitiu respecting the rights of the nussian-.Vmerican Companv to the possession of scmie parts e.f the north-western coast of .\meric,i, aiul respecting the conditions for ter;Tiinatii>g the dispute which has arisen respecting the extent of these posses- sions. His Majesty having fav(mr.d)ly received the same, deemed your reasons worthy of his Imperial attention, which, as is known to your high Excellency, carefully ilirccted to everything that concerns the ])reservation of the legal intere>1s of li'ussian subjects, and those es])ccially which, by enterprise ami labour, conduce to the extension of national industry, and consccpiently to the increase of general prosperity in the F.mpire. The F,ni|)cror recollects with pleasure every tiling that has been done by our bold mariners in the diseovcrv of islands aiul coasts of .\mcri<'a. Their efforts an<l successes, even their losses and dangers when settling in places hitherto unknown, and where they first extracted the riches of Xatnre for the beiM'tit of all civilized mankind, have undoubtedly given us the right of obtaining advantages eoimnensurnte witli them, and the ^lini.itrv of Hi- Majesty will, neither during the present negotiations, nor yet at any other time, lose sight of them. Hut wliile endeavouring to ])roteet interests laboriously established, and even secure new advantages by all allowaiilc nieans. it must not be forgotten th;it there may exi-t other most important necessities and interests of State which impose very grave duties on the (iovcrn- ment. To you, Sir, as a man acquainted with every branch of tlic science of governnicnt, 1 consider it superlluous to explain that the greater or smaller utility of desirable acquisitions enniiot serve asa guide in political negotiations. What the Ministry of His Imperial Majesty will teiiaeionsly follow is the iirinciple of riy/i/, iind there where it cannot with accuracy be recognized or defended without inordinate sacrifice!, in its entirety, it is necessary to take into consideration not only the degree of mutual demands, but also the dcirrec of possibility of attaining the objects of the same without any dangerous strain of strength. 29 Oltll.lVAl, TllAXSI.ATION. expected in nny iicijotiMtioM''. niid tliisc piincipli'i will miidc tin- PliMiipiitciitiariot named hv Ilis Imperial MnjcMty to nc^otintc tlic (pjcstiims in which tlip Uiissiiiii-Amcriciiii Cumpniiv is inter- ested. Our Ciihinet, liy ilir ri^ht nf diicovery, first settlement, anil develi)pinrnt, elainis sove- rei^'iity over Ihe islands anil western ciiast (if Ameriea from tin' niirllicnniiDst point to tli'i .^.'ith decree (if nnrtheiii latitude, (ireat Hritaiii, on file other hand, advances Ihe ri:;lits of the llndson's Hay < 'i)niii;iny, whose trudin;; posts and stations are heiiiir p :she(l farther and farther into the interior of the country, und have almost reached tlie iimth-west coast under the same parallel. The hasis upon which these eonflictiii^ claims are founded is nlmist identical, 'ind it can- not he denied that through injudicious action on either side the most serious and unfortunate consequences mifjlit at nny time arise. I'rndence demands a speedy a!,'reement hrtween hiith sides interested. The most praeticahic snUilinn seemed this: To estahlisli at a eertiiin distance from the shore n houndary line which hoth our trappers ami hunters and the employi's of the IIu(lson'.s Bay Company must lie forhiddcn to cross. The repiesentntivcs of Iioth Powers rccoijiiizcd the necessity of such a boundary, hut the width of the strip of coa--t necessary lor the pcaceaijle pidsecutioii of tiic entcr])rises of mir Colonies, tlic direction of the line, and its initial point on the mainland of .\merica, are siilijcets still uiuler discussion, since the Knvoy of His ISritannic Majesty declares l;c must wait for further instruc- tions fr.iin his Court. It is hanllv ncccssarv fir nic to repeat that in all thesi: negotiations with l'".ni;lnn(l we have recoj;ni?.eil, and alw.iys will reco;fnizc, the paramount importance of tlie interests of the I{ussiaii-.\ui', ricaii Company in this matter; on the other hand, we must consider the extent of ri};lits in the interior and the most practicable means (. f seenrin;; and maintainiii;; the same. As I oliserve a!)ove, it is necessary for the pe leeahle existence of our I'oliinics that their boundaries be dclincd with the K^eatcst ])iissil)le accuracy. The extent of territory between the coast aiul this boimdary shojld he suHicient for thi- rci|uiri'nieiits of all :iur cslablishinents now existing, as well as of such as may he founded in the future. M this point, most (jracious Sir, you will permit n,e t > reinarlc that we have no ri,nht or power to extend our claims in the interior of 'he .\nuu-icaii I'onti- ncnt to the Uociiv .'•lountains. Sucii claims wnuld only give rise to disputes and po-sihic (■(implications without anv vi^iiile a(lvantau'i's rcsuilin;;; therefrom. On the oilier hand, it is your Kxecllency's own opinion th.it ".hose regions aiv nearly barren and without piojier soil to produce breailstutVs for our ("olonie^, and since the principal .•md almost exclusive industry of our settlers consists in the capture, not of hind, but of marine animals, there seems to exist no necessity for an extended territory to the eastward of the biumdary now jiroposcd. Consequently there can he no cause lor n dispute on the subject of tixinj; the bomidary of this strip of coast. U'e must also consider that as lonj;' as we avoid such disputes, the neighlxiurhdod of an enli:,ditciu'd ]icople cannot be injurious, but must be of advantag:" to the (^olonics, aflbrdini; facilities for the purchase of sujiplics in case of need. There is no reason to ajiprehcnd that the mere fact of having such a neighbour would compel us to abandon anv of the islands and (■oast heretofore ItEVIrtF.ri TllANSI.ATrO.V. Witliout this it is impi'ssililf to expect » iceos< in fU'^'otiatinns, and the^e rules have served n» ynides for the I'lenipofentiaries appointed by FIi< Imperiiil .Majesty for negotiating re«pect:ni the ulhiirs of the Uinsian-Anicric m Coini.any. Hv ri'.;ht of first discovery. ;;nd liy that which is still mure real, the first estalilishment of habitations and human activity, our Cabinet demands p isses- sion both of the islands and the western coast of .\merica from the furthest north to the ."i.'ith decree of latitude; but (Irtat liiita ii, on her piirt, represents the rights if the Iluds(!n's Bay Cumpanv, wh se tradin;; posts or refu'.;es, pene- tratiii!; further and fnitiier into the interior of the lands, have nearly reached the north-western coast, on alvuit the same parallel. 'i"hc bases of these mutual pretensions are similar ill character; at the same time it must be foreseen that out of the misunderstandings now arisin.; disagreeable (■ousequences may in time ciisiu^. and prudence deinands that the interests of both parlies should lie quickly reconciled. h'or this only oru' expedient presents itself: to establish at some distance from the coast a frontier-line which shall not bj infrin'.;ed by our cstablishnients and ! rappers, as also by the hunters of the Hudson'^ Bay Company. The I'leiiipotentlarics on both sides e(|'ially recoLjiiized the necessity of this mejisure : but the width of the coast-line necessary for the safe existence and eonsoliiiation of our Colonies, the direction of the frontier, aiid even its starting' ]ioint on the I'ontinent of America, still form sid>jerts of negotiation, and the Biilish .Vnihassador has declared that for continuing' tlicm he must seek new instiuctions from his Court. I shall not repeat that in these neijiitiatunis with Kir,;laiid we took, and will continue to t.ike, into Cipial consideration on the one side the requirements and interests of the establishments of the I.'ussian- Ameriean Company, and, on the other, the (le^ree of its iiulits of |iossessiuii in ihe interior of the (onlinein (f A.iieriea, and the measure of the nulliods for lirinly seeurin;; to the (.'ninpany the [xissession of these territories. .Vs I have said aiiove. for the peacefid exi-tence of I'lir < 'olonics mure th.an ;dl is it necessary to determine with accuracy the frontier, the extent, of the country between the ciiust, and this frontier must he sulheient and be in correspon- dence with the condition to what thes;- establish- iiients will, in all probability, in lime nttain. and by their means of own defence. Mere, ;;raeioiis Sir, von will allow me to observe that to extend our pretensions to tiie interi.ir of the Contiiient of America to the middle of the l.'ocky Mountains, we have neilher the ri^ht nor the pjssibilitv : such protensions nniy merely be the cause not only of disputes, but also of other most disa;.;rcc- .able events ; and, as it would appear to me, iherc is no visible adva!ita;;c in this lictitions extension of our conlincs. Independent of the circmnstance that the land in those places is almost sterile, affords no corn-lields, which, in the opinion of your hinb lOxeelleney, are necessarv for a Colony, is hardly abk' to proiluce good food-products, aiul that the princip.d pursuit of our settlers consists ill the capture of marine and not land animal-, it is necessary to bear in mind that in accordance, with contemplated plans these Settlements, after the line of frontier has been fixed, will ju'quire recognized and undis|iuted possession of a eon- siderablv extensive znno of country, und, more- over, that when there are no disputes respei'tiii!; 30 Orioinai, Tii*x.si,\Tiox. occufiird by us soutli of tlio t'Olli (lo!;rco of lalitiulo. Siicli were tlic tdiirliisiniiH ariived at liy His linpirial Majisty t)ii ri'iuliin; your Kxrul- Icnry's rDinimiiiicution. One pDiiit rrfiiTi'd to in your U'ttcr cipt'cially nttractcd His Majtsty's atti'iitioii, namrly, wliere 5'ou, dear Sir, asserted tliut in ('(iiisccnieiK'c of Kii',dand's demands Russia would l)e olili;;ed to yield or give u|) many luilives of Aineriea wlio had been eonverted to (.'hristianity by uh. To ose subjeeti wlio bad V(jbuitarily nmie under bis scepl'-e, and sons of tiie lliissian C'biueli, would ccrtaiidv 1)C repugnant to our yreat-liearled Monareb ; but from all tb^ information ubiili I bave been aide to eolleil it would appe.ir tbal on tbe eoast below tbe jjtb denree of iatilude, or at any "jrcat distance from tbe seii-eoast in I be interior, tbcre exint no Settlements of tbe ('ompaiiy or native iubaidtunts eonverted to tbe (•reeo-liussian faitb, and as to any >'\tension of our Settlements to tbe nortbward I venture to consider it somewbat improbable. llavin]^ aequaintcd you (as far as I may « bile resptctin;; tbe seereey of diplomatic ne};otiations) witb tbe present status of our arrangements witli Enijland, I turn to anotber subject of iTitere>t to your Kxeellency and all tbe members of tbe Company's Hoard of Manaijeis, tbe negotiations witb tbe North American Republic, wliieh bave been broHi;bt to a successful eoncbision. Tiic Convention which was entered into on the 5th April, \>^2l, and of which 1 inclose an abstract for vtnir information, consists of au a:;rcemcnt arrived at by mutual consent, aiul the clauses of wbieb, in my cni.don, will be niutuallv satisfactory and highly b'.wclici. 1. In Article III tbe United Slates ;! knmvh ili;i tbe sovereignty of llussia over tbe west coast xi America from the Polar Sea to latitude ' ;" M' north, while «c. on our side, promise (q esi ..hlisb no Settlements below that latitude, with the exception of such as bave been already mjule, especiallv the Hoss Colony in California, liy Article II tbe States undertake to forbid their citizens and -objects from landnii^ in any part of the Uussian Coionics wittiont special permission of tl.c local antliorities. Iti Article 1' it is agreed that liie Americans »ill not >ell to the sav.i^c inhabitants nf the ternlorv belonging to Russia any strong bcpmrs. tbe c.iuse of all evil among unenlightened peoples, ami, what is still more import. int, ibev a;;rce to abstain frojo selling them anv tire-arms. Here- by wo have been fortunate enough to aboli>h, by means of diplonuicy, at one stroke tbe principal cau<e of all disorders and bloodshed in that distant country, and we liave tiius laid the foundation for tbe peaceable existence of our (Iibniics. In Article IV we permit the American Slates to carry on, for a period not exceeding ten years, trading and lisbing in localities situate witiiin our posses-ions. To this clause, advantageous to them, onr Caliinct found itself obliged to coiii-ent for two very important leasons. First, because the Uovernment of the Nirth American Republic, not unreasona!)lv. ticmandod an equivalent fur tbe great advantages • Sic. It nil doubtlcu inlcndcJ to refer to Article V. IlKVI>KlP TlIAN.-I.AiliiS. boundaries the neigbbourbood of civilized people, far from being harmful, is advantageous to a Colony, as, in ease of necessity, lu'w means of obtaining food supplies are established. How can it be supposed that, owing solely to such propinquity, we shall be obliged, abandoidng the islands ami eoast occupied by us, to retire to the ilOtb degree? Such were tbe Kinperor's own comments oir the perusal of your high Excellency's despatch ; one place in particular attracted the attention of His .Majesty : it was tluit in which you. gracious .Sir, assci't that, In conseciueni'c of the demands of l''ngland, Husnia will be obliged to surrender to the fcu-mer many natives of America who bave been eonverted by us to Christianity. To lose sulijeets who have volun- tarily subjected themselves lu bis sceptre, and arc suns of tbe Russian Church, would, of course, alwavs be regretted by our ncdde - minded Moiuiich ; but. according to all tbe information I have gathered, it appears that neither along the coast, beU)W .'iJ degrees, nor yet in the interim- of tbe counti-y at a great distance from tbe sea, are their any Settlements of tbe Com- pany, nor any natives professing the Russo- (ireek faitb ; at the same time our apprehended retirement to tbe north is, I venture to opine, not very pr^drable. Having thus denoted (a.s fur as the secrecy ncr'cssary in diplomatic negotiations |)ermitted) the present position of our negotiations with Knglanil, 1 hasten to inform your high Kxeellency and the vvbolc Hoard of Management of the Com- pany that tbe other negotiation concerning its uflairs with the North .Vuicrican Republic has iiecn brcmgbt to a coiu'lusicn, and with the .success desired. Tbe Convention concluded on tbe .")tli April, IX^ !•, and lieiein inidoscd in copy for your inforniation, contains the ratitied condi- tions mutually consented to, and these are, in my opiirio.'i, reeipideally i'lid completely sati>aetory. In Article HI tlic l.'nited i^lates recognize the sovereign jiowcr of Russia over the western eoast of Amciica, from tbe Polar Seas to .■)4 40' o( north latitude; while we, on our ]iart, promise not to found Settlements below this parallel, as a matter of course only in those places and without exteniiing this provision to the Colonv of Ross, far distant to the south. Bv .Vrtiilc II the States bind themselves not to allow their citizens and subjects to land at Russian ( olonics without tbe distinct permission of the local authorities. Article I providi's that Americans will not sell to the wild natives of the region belonging to us either strmig liquor-, so banefid to tlio^c ignorant people, or, which is of still greater iinportanee. weapons of anv kiml. In this manner, alter tifteen years ;^f long-protra.'ted and t'ruitle.-s endeavours, having now bappllv attained the object of a dilbcult negotiation, we have for ever removed the chief cause of those disorders, (piarrels, and iiloodshed which have hitherto prevailed in that region, 1 would go further, and say that bv lliis. perhaps, the tirst solid foundation has been laid to tbe peaceful cxi.steiice of our Cidoides. in .\rticlc IV we adow the .\merican States, though for no loin'cr than ten years, i,. "'adc an<l tisb in places witliin our dominions ; to this proviso, so advantageous to them, our Cul(inct was obliged to consent on two considerations of equal cogency. I'irstlv, because tbe (iov<Tninenl of the North .\merican Republic— not withoul foundation — demanded remuneration for the very considerable advantage SI Original Tkanmi.atiov. coiiroiled tti us in otlicr Articles of tlie Coii- vviitiiin, especially tlmse of Article V. Sccimd, heciiusc tlic Aiiicriciins liiiil Ijcoii fur siiiiie time eiij;u;{e(l in tliis trade anil llslierv. wliieli tlio Cuiiipuiiy lins tliun fur been unable tii prevent tlieiii from duin;;; and liccausc, on tlie otiier luind, it was inueli better tbat tbey sliould accept ax a Kpecial and temporary |)rivile^e from our Iiunds wliat tliey might cuinc to !<Hik upon us n natural ri^lit in course of time ; since now the Americans acknowledge officially that at the expiration of a few short years wc have the legal power to entirely prohibit trading and lishing in that re<:ion. The Emperor has deigned to approve the Articles of the Convention by which the demands and interests of liolh Contracting I'arties have been considered a^ much as ])ossible. A close sciutiny of this Convention must lead to the conclusion that under its provisions our Colonies will acquire new strength. This Act may be looked upon as the beginning of the political existence and safety of the Colonies, since their rclati<in to foreign Powers has been for the first time acknowledged and made patent to the world. The importance of this is evident, an<l the meniliprs of your Hoard will doubtless realize to its fullest extent lliis new great benefit bestowed upon them by their highest Protector, who, never losing siuht of the true interests of his beloved subjects, has thus by a stroke of his |)en fixed their honourable status not only within his own dominions, but also in the eyes of all foreign Powers, and started you in the race of prosperity with all other nations of the civilized world. I have the honour to be, with the greatest respect, and with the best intentions, ypur hunilde servant, (Signed) Count XESSELUODE. Hevihei) Thas.si.atiox. afforded us under other stipulations of the Con- viiiti'in, especially by the conchtions of .Vrticle V. Second'v, because the .Americans have already for many years |>usi carried on this trade and fishing;, which the ('ompany to the present time cannot fii»I nu'ans to oppose; and, of course, it is more reprehensible for the Company to allow them to benefit by these pursuits as they Inive hitherto done by, as it were, a natural and an indefeasible right, than that they should carry them on by permission granted them by us in a solemn Convention, ns through this the .Vniericans as solemnly reco;;nizc that after the expiration of the few prescril)ed years we shall have the legal right to prohibit both trade and fishing in this region. Ills M.-ijesty the Enijieror deigned to approve all the stipulations of the Convention, in which, so far as possible, are reeoni'iled the demands and interests of both Contracting Parties. Having carefully examined this instrument, we have iilmost come to the conclusion that by means of it our Ccjlonies are the greater gainers. It is in a certain sense the cDnnnencenient of their p<ditical existence and sifi'ty, inasmnch as now, for the first tiine. are determined their relations to foreign States. The inijxirtance of this is evident, and the members of the Russian-Anu'rican Company will undoubtedly apjireciate in the fullest measure this new great benefaction of their august Patron, lio so imlefatigably labours for their good by protecting the riglits of his beloved Kussian subjects not only with all the might of our Empire, but by, perhaps, for him more precious power, (hat of respect and confidence which the undeviating course of his policy ser%-cs to instil into all Governments and nations of the civilized world. 1 have the Iionour "^o be, with perfect respect aiul similar devotion, your high Excellcncys obedient servant. The origin.al is signed bv — Count NESSELUODE. Api-ni, 1824. No. 13. Letter from tlif ^finislcr of Finance to tlie Board of Adiiiiniftri'lion of the Riissian-Aiwrii un Company. Written from St. Petersburi/, September 4, l>^2\. THE letter transmitted to me on the 12th June by the Directors of the Company, con- taining their remarks on the ])ossiblc conseijuences of the Convention concluded on the 5th April of this year, between mir Court and the North- American Republic, I have submitted to the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the original. I have now received from him in reply a copy of the proceedings of a Special Connnittee appointed to consider the subject. The proceedings of this Conmiittee have received tiie most gracious approval of His Imperial Majesty, and I am now authorized to lay before the Board of Administration a copy of these proceedings, together with an accompanying letter from Count Nessclrode, dated the 21st July of this year; all of which I trust will prove satisfactory to the Board of Managers and shareholders of the Company. [117] No. 13. Letter from Minister of finance to the Jloanl 0/ Ailniinintralioii cf' the Riifsi'in-Americtn Com- p:iin:. til illrn fr'jiii SI. Pelenlmrg. Sepliinber 4, ltli-1. THE commnnicrtion of the 13th June, 1S24, ])resented to me by the Directors of the Conipanv, ciinliiining tl'.eir remarks on the consequences which may result from the ratification of the I 'onvcntioii concluiled ."jth .\pril, 1S24, between our Court and ihe North .^nierican Republic, was coinmunicaied by nic ai ctiat lime in tlie original to the Minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign .\tl'airs. Having now received from him the inlorniatioii that the recirded Protocol of the proceedings of the Special Committee wiiich examined this subject by Imperial order has received the full and entire approval of His Imperial Majesty, I think it necessary to com- nuuiicate to the Board of Administration of the Russian-A merican Company, for their information, copies of the above-mentioned communication of Count Nessclrode to nie, and also the proceedings of the Committee of the 21st July, 1S21, inclosed in it, together with a dr.aft of a communication to K Original Translation'. 92 Revised TnAxsLATioN. From these documents the Board of Adminis- tration will iiscertaiu that Ihe Company's repre- sentations have met with due consideration, and that instructions have already been forwarded to the Imiicrial Ambassador at Washington to the efTect that the extent of coast thrown open to subjects of tlie North-American States for the purpose of trade and fishery is limited in the south by latitude r)4° 10' nortli. and in the north by tlie 13ay of Yakutat (or Herin^ Ray). At the same time, I am authorized to state that it is the intention of His Majesty the Emperor to afford full protection to the Company's interests in the pursuit and catch of fur-soals, sea-otter, and all other marine animals. (Signed) Lieutenant-Gcneral KANKRIX, Mhihlcr of Finance. Y. DRUSIIIMN, Dheclor. me, prepared by his Excellency ; which was also read in the ab ove-named Committee and was left unsigned after it bad been ^iven liiial eonaideration. From these documents the Hoard will see that, for the avoidance of all misunderstandings in the execution of the above-mentioned Convention, and in conformity with the desire of the Company, the necessary instructions have already lieeri given to Haron Tuyll, our Minister at Washington, to the eflfect that the north-western coast of Atnerica, along the extent cf wliich, by the provisions of the Convention, free trading and fishing are permitted subjei'ts of the Xorth Aineri^'an Slates, extends from 5 1° 10' northwards to Yakutat (Bering's) Bay. (Signed) Lieutenant- General KANKKIX, Minister nf I'lnance. Y. DRUSIIIXIX. Director. No. 14. Ahslrnct of Comvvimralion fro)ii Count Nessehnife, Minixler of Foreign Affairs, to the ifininter of Finance. D'ritten from St. Peterslmri/, Aui/iisl 18, 1824. I CONSIDER it my duty to inform your Escplleney that His Imperial Majesty has most graciously deigned to agree fully anil coin|)letely with the opinion of the majority of tlie members of the Committee a|)pointcd i.y Ills .Majesty to consider the interests of the Russian-American Company in connection with the Convention of the .5th (l(th) April of this year, in which opinion your Excellency has ;dso been pleased to concur. Consequently, I hereby forward a copy of tlie proceedings of the Committee, !in<l I have the honour to inform ymi, most gracious Sir, that instructions have already been forwarded to our Amh.'issador in conformity witii tlie eonelusions reached by the members of the Committee. I must not omit to add. also, a copy of my Inmible opinion on the complaints of the Uiis'^ian- Aineriian Companv presented to His .Majesty at vour Excellencv's request. i flatter myself with the thought that these (liieunieiits will •■onvinee you, most gracious Sir. as well as the Hoard of .administration of the Russiiui-American Company, that it is His Majesty's firm determination to ]'roteet the Company's interests [in the catch and preservation of all ninrine animals, and to secure to it all the No. U. Ahstriicl of Comnuiniralion from Count Xinsclroile, Mini:iter of Foreign Ajf'iirs, to tlie Minister of Finance. Il'rillen fnun St. Peterilturg, Amju^t 18, 1824. I DEEM it my duty to inform your Excellency that His .Majestv the lOmperor has been graeiou.sly pleased to give his full and entire ajjproval to the opinion cf the majority of the members of the Connnittee apjjointed by His M,".jesly to examine the observations jiresented by the Uussian- .Vmerican Company on the Convention of the ,-)th (Kill) Ajn-il of this year, in which opinion jour Excellency was also pleased to concur. 'riierefore, in mclosing with this a copy of the Protocol of the deliberations of the Connnitlef, I have the honour to inform yom' I'.xcellency that instructions in entire conformity with the con- clusions contained in that Protocol have been sent to our .Minister, Haron TuvU. 1 .also inclose with this a draft ot a cmninuni- cition tc; your I'.xci'llciicy. written hy me by order of the Emperor, coiicerning the complaints oi' the Ui!ssian-.\iiierican Company, 1 eherisli the hope that this docunienl will enable your Kxcelleiicy, in comiiuinieatinic to llu C'ompany the resoluliun of His Imperial Majesty, to prove to it that the (lovernment has never lost sii'lit of its interc-its. advantages to which it is entitled under the Charier privile Inclosurc in No. II. Proceedings of ihe. Conference Iteld July 31, 1824. COUNT NESSELRODE opened the Con- ference by a detailed explanation of the jiresent status of the business most graeiou.sly submitted to the consideration of the Committee by His Majesty the Emperor. He referred to the para- graphs or Articles of the Agreement coneUidcd with the Minister nf the United States concerning the north-west coast of America, and also to the COUNT XESSRLRODK opened the Coii- fcrenee with a statement as to the present condition of the matter intrusted by His Majesty the Kmperor to the investigation of the aB.ieinhled Committee. He called attention to the Articles of the Tre.Uy concluded with the Minister of the Unite.d States concerning the north-west coast of .\mcrica. 33 Oruunai, Translatidx. HevISED TltANSI.VTIOV. representations made nnd protests presented against this Act l)y t\u: Kussinn-Aiiicrican Coni- Sany in two <'onuiuinic;itioiis suljinittod to the linistor of Fiinnco and to the Minister of Foreign AITiiirs. Kiiially. lu' Miliinittcd a ])roject which liad hern |irpsciited for ih'icussion in the name of his KxioUcncy Licutenant-General Kunkrin, inclosiii;;- mIso tlip reply from the Minister for Fori'isn Affairs to thp al)ove-men- tloufd rpprcsoiitatioiis. This jirdject, having l)i't'n suliin'illod to Ills Majesty tlie Kmperor, iias met "ifli liiiihcst approval. At His Majcstv's sli the matter was now laid before thi libers of llie Committee for tlieir eonsideration. Diirinu; tlie readiiij; of tliese papers, to whieh was adcK'd a eojjv of the two letters of tlie Rnssiao - American Conipanv, the mend)ers directed their irreatest attonlion to the causes, reasons, and risks, as exiilained by the Company, as well as the reasnnin'^ wliieh had led to the conclusion of the • 'onvent ion, together witli the statement of tlie I'lenipotentinrv of the Washing- ton Cabinet. Due attention was also paid to the means pointerl out hy tlie Imperial .Ministers as most practicable and available ti jirevent evil consequences and unjust dispute. By a !uajoritv of voles the members of tlie Committee agreed upon the following;: — I. That the ALjrecmenI of the ."th (17tli) April establishes for llussia ri;?hts «hieh heretofore had been in doubt : that on the strcn<;tli of this Ai;reement these liijhts had been acknowledged by the (lovernmeul which would have been most herieliled by contest iiii; them, .and which could mo-t easily have injured us; that by means of this .Vtrrecment the undisputed soverei'.;ntv of llussia h.'is been established even bevmid the (loint mentioned in the (>ri;;inal priviiei;es an<l Charter granted totheRussian-.\merieanCompanv. •-'. That through the absolute prohibition of trade in arms, annnunitioi. and slroti^ liipmrs with the iidndiitanis of the north-west coast, eslabli'ei' by this Afjreement, the liussian- .\inerie. i Comjiany has secured an amount of protect i' I for which ic has repeatedly clamoured, but whnh it has nut hen'toforc .attained. !. Thill this last eonsiiU'iation is all the more imjioriant because, such prohibition, alfectin;; only Hi.ssia, pievents disturbances and open hoslililiis annni;; the mitivc tribes irdiabitini; our posscssi<:iis, while at the same tinu' it makes prolifahlc trade on the part of foreiu;ners « itiiin i)\n' domain impossible. 1. That the Ajfroement of the 5th : 17th) .\pril contains also another not less important point, namely, the a';reemcnt (m the jiart of the .Vmericans to I'stablish no Settlemeiit on the iKU'th-west coast above latitude .") 4 4(1'. Hv 'his concession alone our own territ'.>rial ehiim is placed upon a permanent basis * .'i. That one of the most import oit p.oiMls {if the .\);reemcnt, and one of very sir( at adv.antafje to Hussia, lies in th, assuranci- that at the e\pirnlion of ten yenrs the subjects of the United .American States will -ens- al'ogether t > navi'jatc the wafers of Ihe north-wostern coast above latitude .1 1° 10', and to carry on their fishery and trade with the native inhabitants. • Tin- piHitlu'rimuthl ScfttitiiiTit now titTiiipi.-.l n ^ttuaUll in InliluiU' 57°; .cihsi'ijiiiiilly lliis Au'ivi'nK'lIt nill , iialili' Ihtui lo liM-atQ lltiW ilatioiis furtticr to thv iiiitth. and to the remonstrances which had been made against that Act by the Kussiaii-.Vinerican Com- pany in two letters commu.iieatcd bv the Minister of Finance to ihe Minister of Foreign Affairs. Finally, he presented a draft of u rommunication which he intended to forward to I.ieutenant-Geueral Kankrio. in which were inclosed the replies of the .Minister of Foreign .\fl'airs to the above-mentioiicrl reiuoiistranccs. This draft, havini; been laid before His Majesty the Emperor, has rceciveci the Imperial approval; but His Imperial .Majesty imposes upon the members of the ConiTiiittee the duty of again cxaniinins it. .\ftcr the reailin!; of this document (whieh is annexed to the present Protocol, together with the two letters from the Hussian-.\rneriean I 'onipany) the ileliberations were opened. The members turned their chief attention to the causes of the fears e.xpressed bv tlie Conipanv, as well as to the reasons whieh spoke in favour of the Conven- tion einichided with the Plonipotentiary of the Washington Cabinet; and also to the means which the Imperial Ministry tliinks best calculated to prevent all injurious and unjust interpretations. The members of the Committee agreed by a m.ajority of votes to the following Resolutions: — 1. That the Treaty of the 5th (17tli) April coiilinns to llussia rights which have hitherto been called in question; that by virtue of tliat Treaty those rights are acknowledged bv the Government which could dispute them with great advantaLic and violate them with great ease; that by it the undisputed possessions of Russia are henceforward extended even beyond those boun- daries within which the Russian -.Vmeric an Com- pany was ri'quired under its ori','in.'d Charter to carry on the trading privileges grained 1 1 it. ■J. That since by this Treaty the strict prohi- bition of the sale of arms, munilioiis of war, and spirituous liquors to the natives of the north- west coast is put into elfec!, the .Americaii Com- pany acquires by it the protection wiiieh it has .alw.ivs valued so highly, but which it ii.-is hitherto never been able to obtain. '•'>. That this last provision is the more iinjior- tant, iiecau^e sucii aiirohiliilion. if proinulgateil on the pait of Russa alone, would either draw upon her disagreeable consequences and tlie most unpleasant embarrassments, or would not accom- plish its olijeet, in consequence of the lack of means neecssary fir tiie prevention of its viol.ition and for the repression of prohibited tradie. •1. That the Treaty of the .'itli (17tli).\pril con- tains another nut less important Liuaranty, nanielv, that tl'c .\inericans will not estalilish Settlements on the nurth-wcst coast .above 54^ 10'. Ry this provision all the Settlements hitherto founded by the Rnssian-.Vmerican C iinpany above 57' are placed on a firm basis, and it is permitted to continue to found newimes under jiarallels farther to the south. Tj. That it is not less advantageous to Russia to be assured by a mutual ami amicable Coiivcntioii that after the expiration of ten \ears the subjects of the Cnited States of .America will abstain entirely from visiting (he waters of the North American coast beyond 54" lO', and from lishiiig and from trading there with the native inhabitants; for, on the one liimd, it would be impossible to suppose that the Stales woiiid voluntarily consent to such a concession without anv compensation whotever, and, on the other hand, all the wishes 34. OlilGIXAL TUANSLATION. If, on the one tiaiid, it could not be supposed that tlie States wouUl willingly .igree to such a concession witliout any corresponding advantage, on the other liand, all that the Imperial Ministry had desiretl or demanded will he accorded and fulfilled at the end of a few years as specilied. 6. Concerning the influence which the Agree- ment roiiclnded on ihc otii April may have upon Russia's trade with China, it is necessary to consider that in this trade there is invested on both sides a capital of 50,000,000 roubles, of which only 800,000 rou1)les fall to the Russian- American Compniiy's share, and even if the Company could liiing ti> Kiakhta a much greater number of furs, otteis, and fur seal, it would be found impossilile to dispose of them, and they would fill the market to the injury of other goods. At any rate, viewing the limiti'd scope of its trade, it cannot be coTisidcred that the Agreement of the olh (l~th) April can in any way injure the trade of Russia with China. 7. Tiiat since tlic sovereignty of Russia over the shores of Siberia [ and America] , as well as over the Aleutian Islam . [and the intervonini; seas] , has long since been acknu'.vlL'd;;e(l by all I'owers, these coasts, islands, [and seas] just named could not have been ref-.rri<l to in the Articles of the above-mentioned Convention, which latter concerns only the disputed territory on the north-west coast of America and the adjoining i^lands, and that [in tlie full assurance of sueli undisputed right] Kussia lias loiig since established perjnaneiit Settlements on the coast of Siberia as well as on the chain of the Aleutian Islands ; consequently, American subjects could not, on the strength of Article II of the Convention of tlie 5lh (I7lh) April, have made landings on the coast or carried on hunting and tisliing without the permission of our Commanders or Governors. These coasts of Siberia and of the Aleutian Islands arc not washed by the Southern or Pacific Ocean, of wliich mention is made in Article I of the Convention, but by the Arctic Ocean and the Seas of Kamchatka and Okhotsk, which, on all authentic Charts and in all geographies, form no part of the Southcrii or L'acitic Ocean. 8. In conclusion, we must not lo.se sight of the fact that the Convention of the TjIIi (l7lh) April settles all disputes to which the l:^ilict of the 4th (16th) September, Ihl'l, gave rise; an Edict issued at the formal and repialcil icqiiest; of tiic Ilussian -American Com])any. These disputes have become of considerable impiirtance, atid might be renewed again if Russia should fiii to upliold the Convention, and in that case it would be impossible to foresee the end or the conse- quences. 'I'hese weighty re:isons induce a majority of the members of the Committee to record their opinion: '"That Ihc Convention of the 5th (ITlb) April must be tu^taincd, and that, in order to rvoid an unncces.'^ary and uiijustlllable altercation over this Act, General Uaron de Tuyll should, at the proper time, ollir a declaration purauH'.t to the project suggcsicd in the com- munication of Count Nessehode." The Minister of Finance and Actual State Councillor lirnshiiii.i agreed as to the necessity (jf sustaining the ("onvention of the .'•'.h (IJlh) .\pril, hut they presented and spread upon the Minutes a special opinion, here appciuled, to the cfl'ccl that llaron «le 'I'uyll should, on the cxcliaTigc of ratilications, demnnd that the privilege of free trade ami lishery, granted by Article IV of the said Convention, I'lEVI.SEI) TitAXSI.ATION. expressed to the Imperial Ministry lu'c thereby fulfilled after the expiratioji of a certain period. G. Tliat as regards the influence, however, which the Treaty concluded on the 5th April might exert on the trade of Russia with China, it must be remarked that in tliis trad(; on both sides a capital of 50,000,000 roubles is invested, and that the Russian-American Comp.any jiarticipates in it only to the extent of 800,000 roubles, or thereabouts ; that even if it brought to Kiachta a larger quantitv of furs, otter-skins, and seal-skins, it would not be able to tlispo.se of them, or would cause material injury to <~th e-:, ortcd goods by glutting with its merch;.!idi4.>; r> un ' ct which is already very limitei., Oivi:<g v ,■' nature of its trade, and that conse'j ._. h ''.v .aty of the 5tli (17th) April cai. .. y.o f,.spect injure the trade of Russia with Cliina. 7. That as the sovereignty of Russia over the coasts of Siberia and the Aleutian Islands has long been admitted by all tiic I'owers, it follows that the said coasts and islands cannot bo alluded to in the Articles of the said 'I'rcaly, which refers only to the disputed territory on the north-west coast of America and to the adjacent islands; that even supposingthe contrary, Russia has established ))ermaiient Settle- ments, not only on the coast of Siberia, but also on the Aleutian group cf islands ; hence American subjects could not, by virtue of the second Article of the Treaty of the 5th (17tli) April, land at the maritime places there nor carry on sealing and fishingwithout the peimission of our Commandants or Governors. Moreover, the coasts of Si'jeria and the Aleutian Islands arc not washed bv the Southern Sea, of which alone nicii'i.in is nm-.U. i;> the 1st Article of the Treaty, but by the Xoi:',cri; Ocean and toe seas of Kamchatka and < 'Ki.tsk, wliich form no part of the Southern St: .,:: m.v known Map or in any Geography. 8. Lastly, we must not lose sight of the fact that by the Treaty of the oth (l/th) April all the disputes to which the Regulaliuhs of the 4tli (Kith) Se|)tend)er, bH21, gave rise are terminated, which regulations were issued .it the formal and reiterated request of the Russian- American Company; that those disputes had already assumed important proportions and wo:. id certainly be renewed if llus.sia did v . raiiiy the Treity.in which case it would be '. -^sible to foresee the end of them or the'i ■ i;f;.tcnces. These weighty rcascnis impel the iii" ." o"^ the members of the Committee to stuti ,.i fheir opinion ; — Tliat t!ie T-cafy of the 5th (17th) .ipril must ■ ratified, ;:iiu that fur the ;ircveiition of any in iirrcet inlf, (notation of that Act, (iencral Varon Tuyli iiiav be instructed at tlie proper lime to nil' i ^ declaration mentioned in the dr^il't of U.e CL.mmuiiication rcail by Com.', Ncssc'.rode. T' e Miiiisterof Finance, and Acting Statu Councilh ;• Drusliiniii, while ailmittiiig the necessity of ratifying the 'I'n-aty of the 5th (17th) April, express and iilace on record the special opinion licrelo annexed in the Protocol, to the efl'cct that Uaion Tuyll shculd be instrucled at the exchange of the ratifications of that Treaty 86 OuiGixAi, Translation. 1;KVIS1:Ii TliAXSI.ATIOX. slinuld extend only froii Intitudi' of Cross Sound. latitude 51° lit' to till' A majority of the incmhcrs (if tlic roiiimitlcc roiiiarlu'd tliat .•iiiice witliin tlipdc^ifjiiJitpil Iiititiides tlic liussian-.Viiierifan Cuiiipaiiy piisscsscd many .Si'ttli'nients, tlie Ilnd .\rti(.'!(' it tlie Cnnventiim of llif ."jtli (17tli^ .\jiiil woidd alfonl tlieni the <le.-ii('d protecliiiii. Mid if iiolliiii;,^ could bo done in tliose legions but lumtini; and ti.-^liinf;, it would he e\eee(iini;ly diiul)lfel vvlietlier .\ineriean citizens would ineur 'lie ri.-ik and expense of navigation for tlie purpose of carrying on trade whicli gave swell small ])roiiiise of reward for outlays in those hii;h iiorlheni latitudes, in which they conld enjoy tlicir privileges for ten years oidy, and where, at any rate, they w.iuld in luintii:g and fishing meet with the active competition of the Com)iany which hud jircceded them in those waters hy so many years. On the other hand, it would a])pear that tne liniitatKin contained in the opinion of his Excel- lency the Minister of Finance and of the .\etual ('oniieillor <if State Drushinin would put an end to the comph.ints oi the .\merican Companv, and consequently the majority of tiie Conmiittec found it necessary lo examine further into the character of the limitations, in order to ascertain to what extent ihey may he adopted without infriiigini; u])on ihe rights and advantages result- ing 111 Russia from the Convention of the ."ith 17th .\pril. Hince the pro[ioscd limitation designates two dill'ercnt points, situated under diflercnt degrees of latiti.de, namely: — • 1. The Bay of YaUutat (Bering Bay), on the parallel of 50 .tO' ; :.' The Bay or Strait of Krestnoi (Cross Sound), on till' parallel of '>7 ; the li'nssian-.Vnicrican Company desires that the Nulijects of the United iStatcs be prevented from llslnng or hunting a- those two points; but the majority of the members of the Committee are of the opinion : As to the first of these points ( Bern.^: liav). it is situated under a latitude where Russia's rights have never been a subject of dispute, and this imporlant circumstance leads us to the coiu'lusion that it is rightly covered hy the general declara- tion eonccrnniL; the Aleutian l.-.lands ;ind other tuirtlicrn localities. With regard to tlie sicond. however (Cross fSound), wliicli is situated under latitude .'i?'. and coiise!|Uently I'onns part of the coast and isla:nis to which Russia's n^lit has been liisputcd, it wiiiild lie impiaciicable to apply to it tin sane rule, unless some other valid riNisons arc piiiduced upon wliicli to ba'-e such a dcinaiicl. In order to neglect no means bv which the liovc rnmeiit of Ills Imperini .Majesty mnv give proof of its fatherly imiv .if the intirests of tlie Hn^sian-.Vmencan Companv, (ienetal de Tuvll Nlionid be instructed to use every means at his command to persuade the U'lishiiiglon t'abinel that, in f.ivoriiig the limitation about to be pro- posed relating to Cross iSound, there is no iiiien- tioii or ilesire lo give any provocatnui for further ilispiiti^ between the two I'oweis. .\iid (Jcncral de Tuyll should be given to uiulerslaiid that the recognition of the umlispnted jjrimnry ri};lit of Hussi'i in those regiiuis is of .snpreiiie ini|un lance, not in aiiv wav io be com- U17j ■ ■ to stipulate that the right of free hunting and fishing granted by the XHth Article of the said Treaty shall extend only from 51 10' to the latitude of Cross Sound. The majority of the meiibcrsof the Committee could not but observe, on the cue hand, that, as the Russian-American Company has founded many Settlements in the said latitude, .Vrticle II of the Treaty of the ."Jtii (ITtli) April gives it the desired security on this subject ; that even if it had sim])ly organized hunting and fishing in those regions it isestremcly doulitful whether .\mcric.in subjects would undertake the expense necessary for voyages to those northern latitudes, in which tliev can enjoy their privileges for only ten years, and wlielher in that case they would expose tliemselves to dangerous compelition and would visit tliosc ^^■a1ers for hunting and li.sliing, where they bad long been anticipated by the ('om])any, as there would be li;tlc hnpe for tlicm of indemni- fying themselves fur their expenses and losses. But seeing, on (lie other hand, that the restric- tions stated in tlie opinion of tiie Minister of Finance and of State Councilh r Drushinin put an end to all the complaints of the American Company, the majority of the members of the Committee have found it necessary to investigate the nature of those restrictions, in order to ascertain how far it is possible to insist ujion them without prejmlice to the rights and advantages acerniiig from the Treaty of the 5th (I7tli) April. As the iiropo.scd restrictions refer to two chief points lying under difl'crent parallels of latitude, namely : — I. To Yakutat (Bering's) Bav. under [larallcl o!)" .'50 : 'J. To Cross Bay or Sound (Cross Sound), under [larallel '<7' : the .\merican Cumpany desires tliat subjects of the United States iiiav not be permitted to hunt or fish in those bavs : tliercfore, the majority of the members dI the Conmiittee resolve : That, as regards the first of these points I Bering's Bay), it lies in a latitude where the rights (if Russia have never formed a subject of dispute, and that this important circumstance permits us to include it in the general declaration coiiccrniii'^ the .\leiitian Islands and the other northern places. That, as regards the second (Cro«s Snimd;, however, as it lie- under (he 57th degree ot nortli latitude, and consc(|uently wiihin the limits of those islands and rc.;ions t'l which Russia's right of sineivii;nty has lueii disputed, it is imprac- ticable 1(1 appiv the same rule or to base the claim. (4 uhieli it must iie the subject, on any other satis'actory proof That, apart iVoiii this, in order lo exhaust all the nica'iires showing, the care of ihe Govcrmiient of His Imperial .Majestv for the inteiests of the Riissiiin-.\iuericHii Company, it is still |)ossible to insiriict Ueneral i'uyll to use every eH'ort t:i persuade the Washiiigtsn Cabinet that, by ac- cepting this reslrietion rebating to Cross Sound, it will prevent all unpleasant collisions between the subjects of the two Powers. That Ceneral Tuvll must not, ho'.vcvcr, make this last jiroposi- lion unlil he is convinced that it will be accepted, and that il will not deter the (ioverniiieiil of the I'liiled States frum ratifying the Treaty of the Olh (Kill) .Vpril. 36 OiiiGiKAi. Translation'. l.'KVISF.n TllAXSI.ATKiN. pared with the Inter and compnrntivcly trivial concessions of the Convention witii llie Govern- ment of the United Stat.s, concluded the 5th. (17tli) April, and tliat it must, under all circum- stances, he sustained. This opinion was finallv unanimously aijrecd Tl is Kosolution was unaniniouslv .ndopted hy upon hv all the niemhers oi" the Coniinittcc. dl the meinhers of the Committee. | SI. I'i'tersbimi, Jiihi 21, 1821. Si. Petcrsbuni, Jiili/ 21, 1821. (Signed) NESSELRODE. (Signed^ NESSELIiODE. G. L. KANKUIN. <}. I.. KANKIilN. .Sl'ERANSKY. Sl'EKANSKY. DHUSIIININ. DIUJSIIININ. I'OLETICA. I'OLETICA. No. 15. No. 13. From the Bo'ird of Adniiimtralion of the h'tmsian- Bo'iyt / nf A'hnbii.itruliini nf the liussiiin-Anniiruii Aiiierhaii Coiniuniy lo Cn/ilidn nf the First Coiii/mni/ to Cajitiiin Iran . 1 ntonnriti-h hiiprci- H lidiih (iittl Kiiipht Ivan Anlniiii'ilrh Kiipreinnnf. Il'iitlenfi-nm St. Ptterabwg, March 31, \Mi). FROM your dcsp.itcli Xo. Ill of the 2()tli April, we lecirn that you have niiuested the Creole Sh.Tyashiiikof to express his opiidon as to when you ■ ay hetjin taUinu; a full catch of fur- seals on the Island of St. I'aul, and when you may estahlish a close season on St. (Jeorge and the Cornni;ui<lcr Islands. The Hoard of Adioinis- lion res])cctfully recpiests that you will in everv respect act in accordance with the opiniuiis of Shavashnikol', who possesses a thorough know- led;;e of this industry. At the same lime, you will hear in mind tliat we hjoli U)ion the fur-seal catch as the most important item of our colonial enterprises, wliich must he preserved .at all hazards, even to the temporary ncijlect of other resources. Kverythinj; must he done to prevent a decrease orextcrminationol these valuable animals. Si;.ned) N. I'l.'OKOFYEE, X. KISOE. A. SEVEUIN, I linitnrs. No. 1(5. f.illcr frijiii tht liuanl of Ailniiiii'fr'h'ioit of the Hu.'fi'in-Aiinricini Coiii/innii In Captain nf thi>. IniiifrUil Xnri/ of the Sccoiiit Hank Ate.riui'lcr llilih lindali i\ Aclimi t'hicj Munfif'cr. 11 rillen frain ,S^ /''• i..^bnry. iUarch 20, IH.V!. FROM the c'.ospntchrs of the Hoard of .\dminis- tration, dated the IL'lh .\j;ril and Killi .N'oveniher, 1K51, and the Jnd A|)ril. l.ilh May. and 2.Jrd Seplemher, 18r)2, vour ILvcellency must have perceived that one of the principal ohj'cts on the part of the Board of A<lnunistratloii has been to ni.dic the hest possible ai ran^renients for regula- ting the navigation of tlie vessels bclonijin^' to <iur colonial licet. Durin;.; the last feu years this ])art of inir nmnifold duties has not always hecn allended to with thw. re^^ard to the hcsL interests of the Coinpanv, and consequently a few of the vessels have bien detained in harbours for pro- longed periods, w hilc otheru have been constantly annf, (Cc, Chiif Manuyer of Ihf Huss'iun- Animcan Colonies. (No. fi;3.) Marrh'.n, IHO. THIS Board learns from your despatch No. 1 14 of the 20th .\pril that you have asked the boat- man Shaiashnikof to stale when, in his opinion, it will he ])ossil)le to hci^in lakin^; a full catch of seals on the Island of St. I'aul, in order to estahlish a close time for sealin;; on St. (Jcorge and the Commander Iskinds. Tiie Board rc<|ucsts yovi to |)ay great attention to the opinion of Shaiashnikof, who is a ni.an uf ( iinsiderabic experience, and to act upon it, remend)ering that the chief object lo be aimed at should be the improvement of the sealinj; indu.stry, aial the prevention of the extermination of the seals. (Signed) (Signed) Hajkno N. I'liOKOFlEF, N. KLSOF, A. HKVKRIN, JUrfctnr.i. in. Ac/iii'i ( liii f Clirk. NO. k;. Letter J mm tie Unnnl nf Aihiiniixlralion nf the Iti's.iian-ylinericmi Cniii/iani/ In I'a/'liiin nf the Iin/ien'al \<ni/ of Ihe Sei'mul Ruiil; Ale-rnmler llilrh Hiiilaknf, Ael'nuj Chief Maiia;irr. Written from St. J'rlir.ihi(ri/h', Marrh 20, IS."):}. ./ FROM the dcspalclu .^ of the Board of Aihninis- Iralion, dated the I2th .Vpril and l(i:h Novcmb.'r, l.S.'')l, Nos. ."i.'ia and 1 17m, and th(i,>^: of the Jnd .Aliril, l.ith May, and 25th Seplcnd)er. IS.-,2, Nos. 147, '">''-• and l.'.'li), your Exccllem'y will sec that it has been one of the chief aims of the Hoard of .Vihninistrution to make the hest possible arranj^cnu nt of the vova^cs of tlio vessels of the colcniial Heel, since ol' late that arrangement has been made with(ail sulliciciil, reference to the true interests of the Coinpany, and licnce some vessels have frc(pu'nlly been kept lying idle in port, and others have received such confused instructions that thev would often r)nir:iN-Ai. Trakslation. 37 IlKVISKI) TliAXSI.VTlOX. employed and iiitrustpfl with duties for •.vliicli be unable to execute them all, or would icturn they were iiut ill lilted, letuniin;; to \ew Arch- to New Arehanpel at the very latest and most atifjel laic in the season and at the most dangerous time of the year. Vith a view to remedy this defect, the Board of .'idmiiii,-.trati(m has now a:;ri'ed upon a system of einplovMient for our various vessels wiiieh is to be strictly f.ilhnvcd in dis]iatciiinfr our <'(donial vessels upon their annual or semi-annual voyaf,a's in the sunnner and 'vinter season under normal circumstances. 'J'liis system will be strictly adhered to by llie I hicf Manai;ersof the ( olonies. unless imforeseen r'ireumstances arise which would make this observance inconsistent with the Com- ]iany"s interests. For the season of IS,")," th consist of eight s.nilinn-vesscl the larger ones are: the '• \ikolai !,'■ the " Kadiak," and t and the smaller ones: '' Menshik( colonial tleet will ot wliicli number C/.areviich."' the Shciikof;" '• Konstan- tin," " Okhotsk,'' and " Tunguss : "' anti since the '• ('/.arcvitch," which is to leave the Colonies in the autninn of l!<,")i!. will be relieved by the " ."Sitka," of 700 tons, now in course of construc- lioM. and which is to sail for Xcw Archaimel in Is.").?, the nunil)cr of the C:)mpany's ships in colonial waters will remain the sanu'. Con- sc(]ncntly, the summer season, conl|n•isin^ the moiiihs Irom April t.) October, \vill j;ivc einploy- mi'it to eii;lit shins, while in the winter season, froii October to .\pril, we can keep seven vessels ruiinini;, without countin'.; the whale-ships of our t'onpany, the number of which will prohahlv rcai'li four. For the summer season of ISJl the voy.ajrcs of our vessels should l)i> arranged in t!ie following maimer: — 1. Ore of the smaller vessels. ]icrliaps the brig •• Kcmstantin," shoidd .s;.il from Siika about the middle of .\pril with supplies for the Islands of Atka and Attn, ;ind fen- the Kurilo district, taking ihe furs from these islands to the por^ of Ayan, where the brig should arrive not later than the niuldle of .July. On this vessel tlnre should be an olhcial of the Company intre.slcd with the in'-pection of (he Company's statiiuis in the districts of Atka, tiie Kurile Islands, and Kam- clialka. [ This a'^eiit must obsi'Vc anil keep a record of all fnrei^n ships v,,,,, during tlee \ovaL;e, -iiiii ()i' llic piiNitioii ut llir saim- u li.ii .!. c'lV.-d, I'tii 1 lie iMl(ir'ni:itii)ii dt ■inniiiiunli'is nt n nr ai'tiu-ii rniiscrs ami ot llic en <>iii:t) autiiontU'H i: Sitka, Kamchalka. and Av.in. )* 'I'his \essel slionl.l set ii:it upon the return viiyaLje ;it the end ol' August or the beginning of September, following its pri'vious course, and veturniii^ to Xcw Archimgel with the agent, [ who is to repea t llie obsi rvalions ))rcser'l)cd for the outward \ii\aue.J • Hy aligrrvinir V.ir-i' tliiIo« llio fiiri* frnai (ho Atli.-x ;inil Kiirilu liislr'u'lB will ahvayn rcncli Ayan in liir.o far trail:»port.i- lion tu Yakult^k. am) »ill nut liuvu lu )>u >-ai'rio*l tu New Arelinngi'l. m liiw la-cn done in lato yoaM, (ar cliiijuiaiit tu tlie port t)t Aynn in llio failowinir yo:ir. Unil-T tlie M i^vstcm ilio fnr:* ncclllc^^»Iy in^air Iwicu ila* risk of i ;ur':i!;;'! hy hc». dangerous time of the year. Bearing in mind the fact that the ap.proachin'^ voyages of the coloidal tlect are well arranged, and that they are repeated every year with oidy slight variations, the lioard of .\dnnnistnillon has found it possible a!!:i e.vpedicnt to establish a regular schedule for the voyaL;e.s of the colonial fleet, for the navigation of bolh the summer and winter months, and to transmit it to the Colonial (jovcrmncnt for its j;ui(lance and e\ecntion, leaving it, however, to the discretion of the Chief Manager of the ('olonies t> deviat? from this sehedide on those occasions when, owing to local and unforeseen circuinstaiu'cs, it appears to the interest il the Coir.pany to do so. In the iicrformance of the vovagcs of lS,j;5 in the ('oionics there will be employed eight sailing- vessels, of whicii the following are of tin' first class: The " Cesarevitch,"' the " Nicholas I," the -'Kadiak,'' and the " Shelckoli';" and the following of the second class: the " Menshikoff",'' the •• Constantiiie,"' the '•<)kotsk," and the '• Tun^us ;" and, as in exchange for the ship " Cesarevitch,"' which ha^ to be sent hack from the Coloi'ies in |,si.Vi, the shi]) ".Sitka,"' of 700 tons, which is now being built, will enter into ti'C composition of the colonial fleet of IN.")-!, and will be sent to New ,\rchangel in IKi'.i. In the estabiislnnent of constant ciin.munieafions around the world the number of the ('ompanv's vessels in the Coionics will idways rem.u.i the same, that is to say, in the summer months, from April to October, there will be eight, and from tietoher to April seven vessels, without counting the whaling - vessels, the number i.f wliirdi, by rough estimaic, will be increased to four. Ileuce tlie movements of tlie colnuial fleet, during the summer naviuation, beginning in IH.", I, Miay be nrrang,cd in the following man'ier : — I. One vessel of the second class — for instance, the bri.: '' Constantiiie " — must be dispatchcl frimi Sitka aliout the middie of .\pril with supplies for the Island of Atka, or .\tta, and for the Ivnrile district, to bring goods from those islands to Ayan, where ihc vessel must arrive not later timii tlu^ middle of July. By this same vessel theru may be dispatched and landed the ('umpany's agents sent for inspeetion to Kamchaika, where the vessel can stop on its passage fioie. the .Vtkii district to the Kurile district, without losini; much time, at the most imoort int ])erii)d for the Kaiuchatka trade, the middle of May, that is to say. by the ti.ne of the arrival there of the vessel (•oining around the world, • 111 arriving at Ayan this vessel will be ])laced at the disposal of the uovernor of the port of Ayan to maintain coiniiiuniciitiiui with I'etrovsky, and, in future, until a vessel has been built specially f;r that port, for voyages with increlmndixe and for Ir.ide with (Ji.diig and the other port.s of the Sea of Okolsk. M the end of .\ugust. or early in Scptcmln't, this vessel will be sent back with the despau s l.isl rcceiveu and with goods for the Kamchatka trade, and will return to Xcw .\rcliangcl, stopping on its way only in the Kurile district, if il lias landed nn Inspceior there, and at the port of I'elro- paulovsky. 3S OlfllllXAL Tl!ANSI,ATIO\. S. One of the larger vessels should lenvc the port of New Archangel for Aynn not later than the 13tli May, to arrive at (lie latter port at tlie end of June. This ship, which must he armed, will carry passeni;ers, stores, and supidies for our Asiatic stations. [On the outward vovaie the course of this vessel should he l.iid to the iiorth- wiird of tin; cliaiu of the Ahnitian Islands, in or(U'i' t o meet fiireiiru sliips enterini; H eriii:; .Sea, and to warn tliein aijains t eruizins in pursuii ot whales in llie virinity of the seal islands of I lu' !'ri))ilo f and Co'i;niauder L'rouiiS.J At the he;;iiu:iMy of Auijust the ship should return to New Ar; IianL'el, with car^'o ami passengers from Sihei'in, <'niising in search of foreign vessels on the way. During the detention of this vessel in the port of Ayan, its commander will place himself imdcr the orders of the local colonial authorities in all eases of emergency, or of infrlnuement of the < 'ouipanv's vijj-lits and pnvdeu'es. fni' wliieh ))uri)iise the local eonunaiulers an' lurnislii'd with ^jiecial instruc- tions. H. A second small vessel, the swiftest of the fleet, prohahly the " MenshiUof," with a naval crew, and eonnuanded hy a naval officer, must sail from Sitka at the end of April for the sole purpose of watching the foreign whale-ships in the southern ])art of licring Sea imd along the chain of the Aleutian Islands. On this vessel supplies may he forwarded to Co]iper and Hcring Islands, aiul, perhaps, to Attu and Atka, in case this should not have i.icn aecoin|)lished hy the first vessel, referred to under No. 1 of this des|)ateh. On this vessel also should he placed one of the higher officials of the Company, with the powers of an inspector and geiteral agent. This vessel must be kept cruizing constantly over the waters mentioned ahove, and must not enter any of the h;irhors except for the purpose of ohtaiuing w.iter aid wood, on which occasions the stay of the v.'ssci nmst he limited to the hriefest possihie p'liod. Kach of the ahove-menti<ined islands must he visited hy this crui/er at least twice liming the s<'asou. The first time hir the ])urpose of landing siipplicn, imiils, and the inspector; the sceiiiid time to receive the furs obtained, report.-;, mail, and the inspector. The rommander of this cruizer is strictly ])r(diihited fi.'o rcmnining at nnchor during the jirogress of inspection, as it v.ould he better to call at the islaiuls several times than to ren:ain idle in port. The concUisioi <d' this cruizing voyage depends upon the time at which the fureiun whale-ships leave Ikrin^ Sea, wlieh is prohahly nt the cud of August or the beginning of September. 4. The third and fourth of the smaller vessels, i.e., the "OUholsk" and "Tunguss," are assigned to tarry supplies to the redoubts and Islands of the Kadiak district ami to Unga Isljmd, ami to bring back (ins. In order to still further insure the Kadiak district against scarcity of supplies, ( nc of the larger vessels sailing in the spring mav also take a partial cargo for I'ablof Harbor. ."). The second large vessel must be employed to supply the islands of tie Unahiska district, the Trihilof Islands, and St. Michael's licdonht, ami iibo to carry on intercourse with the ccast tribes of ricriiig Sea, on the Asiatic as well as on the Anuricnn coast.s. Ueiiig first hauled ^ilh the BU| plies for St. Michael's and the gocds intended fur trutlic witli savage tiihcs, this ship may tukc Iir,VI,s|-;il TllANSl.Al'UlN. II. One vessel of the first class, preferably the one which will come around the world from Europe that year, will he sent with the animal cargo of ".'oods and with the sprinu; mail direct to Avail. This vessel nmst he sent early in Afay, and in no event later than the l.-ilh M.iy, in order that it may arrive at ,\yan by the time of the opening of the harbour .at the end of .'une. On this vessel there nmst be sent to the p )rt of Avan ))assengers, if there are any. salt, flo ir, and other cargo, .specially for that |iorl and for the places dependent upon it. This vcsel will remain at .\yau until the end of .Jul,' or the early part of .\ugn.-it, and will return direct to New Archangel with the Siberian cirgo, the principal mail, and v.ith jiusscngcrs, if there should be any. During the stay of this vessel at the port of .Vyan the fiovcruor of that port must be allowed, im c niordin.iry occasions, to employ it for the tr p.rrtation of men and goods to I'etrovshy, . y 1 therefore insirueticm s in conformitv with this m ust he giv en to the captain of this vessel. III. .\ second-class vessel, a fast sailer — for instance, the ship ■ .Mcnshikoff " — with a naval crew, and under the command of a naval officer, will be sent at the end of .Vpril to cruize and to keep a watch over (he foreign whaling-vessels in the southern part of Hehring Sea and along the Aleutian yroup. On this vessel will be sent supplies for Copper and Uehring Islands, and also for .\tta, or .\tka. if it is found necessary and docs not interfere with the movements of the first small vessel (section I of this desjKitch). On this vessel, also, in case of necessity, there will be sent inspectors to the above-mentinncd islands, and goods will be taken on it from there to New .\rchangel. 'I'his vessel must he kept continually cruizing throughout the distrier as- signed to it. ami may go into jiort, (or a very sluirt time only, for supplies of wood and water. This cruizer must visit the above - meiitimicd islands not less than twice every year ; the ''nt time for the delivery of sujiplies, mails, and inspectcu's, and the second time to take on board goixls, reports, and iuspectors. This cruizer must he strictly forbidden to await the termina- tion of the inspection in port, :.s has formerly been done and if one and the same pcrs m is inslri i:!ed to inspect two islands, it will lie better to order the cruizer to visit those islands (nice more rather than lie iille in port. The time ti.Ncd f(U' the termination of the Companv's cruizing is that .it which the foreign whalers leave Hehring !>ea, viz.. the last jiart of .\ugust or the beginning of September. IV. The third and fourth vessels of the second class, namely, the " OUotsk " and the "Tmigus." will he designated to carry supplies to the forts .and islam'.s of the Kaiiiak district and to the l>land of luga. and to b'-ing goods IVoni them. Fiu' the bctti r care of the KudiaU <listrict a part of the supplies may be sent there hy one of the large or small vessels early in the spring, in the month of .March. \. The second first-class vessel is intended to supply the island-- of the Unalaska district, the I'ribvlolf Islands, and I'ort Michael, and for trading «itli the natives on the coasts of Hehring Sea, as al.so on the coasts of .Asia mid .Vmeriea. As vessels may he "cnt to lluit region very late, this ves.sel, after takirg in su)iplies for Kort Michael and the goods intended lor trnciing with 80 OlilCINAI, Tl!.\NSI„VTlnN. on siilisequently an iipiicr ciirno of lumber and (ircwocid tor tlic I'ribilcif Uliiiids and tlif Unnlaskii disli'ict, at wliicli points Mi;iil and tl»! most ncrcssiirv supplies nay lie landed on tlie outward vnyaiic and furs picki'il up on tin' rctuni trip. Diirinu; tlic ivlnilc time, of tlir |)r(.Mnco of this sliip in tlic nortiK'Vn part of Hcrin^^ Sim and the vicinity of the I'riliilof Islands, the coniniandcr nuisl he charged with tlir duly of cruisinf; in sear;'h of forcinn wliale-ships inid of English veH>ols carrying on trade with our savages. This ship, also, must nial;e no [jrolonued stay at any nnchorauc. and must he ))lai'ed under the coni- niiind of a naval olliecr, with a orcw eonsistinj; prineijmlly ol sailojs of the n.ivy.* Revised TnAXSL.vTrox. ". The fourtli larj^e vessel of the fleet, [which niav bo used for voyages to Kamchatka, must also he litt<'d (Hit as an armed cruiser Lud \\ ■pt ni rea'liru'ss to i ro( ee. to any loint n Herii ii; Sea or ni Si herian \va fer -i, from \v liich tlu [ircscnce of forei;;n ships nu y )e repor ed l)v the s malhn" vessels in the course of th c sea.'on ••] the siivajjes, may be ilispatchcd somewhat earlier, and may also carry Iund)er and wood for the I'rihylolV l.-lands and the I'nalaska district when it may .seem necessary. The supplies and papers for the above-name 1 jilaees may he delivered on the way there, and the furs aTid the replies may be reeeivid on the return voyai^e. As at the time of the voyai;e to the northern part of Belirint; Sea this vessel will als^i do duty .-is a cruizer to keep watcli over the foreign whalers and the Enylishmcn, with rei;ard to the trade carried on by them with our sava.:;es, it nmst in ni> event waste any time, and nuist be under the c'lmoK^ul of a iuival oflicer, and, if poss.ble, have a naval crew. \'l. The tidrd tirst-elass vessel will maintain comnnmicntion with California and the Sandwich Islands, carryini; there lumber and salted lish, and brin<<ing to the Colonies salt and other mer- chandize, if the purchase of such appears necessary and to the advantage of tlie Company. This vessel niu.st in no case waste any time in foreign ports, but must, immediately after deiivcriiig the cargo furnished, if there is no return cargo in readiness for it, return to \ew .\rchangel in ballast. But the Colonial (jovernnient must make every exertion always to have a cargo ready for immodiate dispatch to California or the Sandwich Islands, guiding itself by information received from the Company's agent at Han Francisco. Short lic|)orts (on the most impor- tant subjects) must he sent by this vessel on every trip, to be forwarded to the Board of .Administration. \'1I. The fourth tirst-class vessel will remain in reserve, and can he employed for carrying salt to Kamchatka in sutticient cpiantities to last several years ; for transporting cargoes of lumber to California; for tln^ iuspecti<ni of the Colonies by the Chief Manager, &c. In those years wlien it l)eeonies necessary to send to the islands of the .\tka district more lumber than can he carried by a small vessel, the voy.igo ordered in section III of this despatch mav be assigned to the large vessel, and the small vessel designated in that secticni m.iv remain in reserve or receive special instructions. In transmitting,' to your H\cellency the above (Uitlined plan for the cnipluyment of the ccdonial fleet, the Board of .Administration res|)ectfidly re(|ue:-ts that in ease the interests of the Company re piirc a deviation from our plans yinr Exeel- leiK'y will never lose sight of the fact tliat [the interests of the (Nnniianv arc centered at the present time ill the district • urroiinding tlie seal isl.'iiais ot til ' I'ribilol and ( iininiainier groups], anil lliar eoiisei|Uenlly the colonial waters must lie visited Ijy the Conipany's cruisers constantiv and ill every part, in order to watch and warn the foreign whalers. For this purpose detailed iiisl ructions have been formula'.ed for our cruisers, as well as for tlie coinmaiiders of the whale-shijis of the Company, which are obliged to serve in tlie rapacity of cruisers when engaged in whaling; in Bering Sea. In all cases tlie command of a vessel under orders to cruise in colonial waters must be given to niival oHicer.s, who will thereby lind an opportunity to make themselves acquainted with the routine of rolonial transactions, while at * The sixth uud n portion or the Bcvcath parsgriphe beiug immaterial, hive not ln'in lruul>U'<l. [117] In communicating to your I'Acelleiiey the above regular si'hedulo of the voyages of the colonial licet, the Board of .\dmniislration respectfully recpiests you, if the interests of the Company rctpiirc any deviation from this schedule, to take special care that the large vessels, so far t.s possible, may never remain idle in port, but may be perpetually engaged in voyages of advantage to the ('oin|iany : that the colonitd se.i.s, so far as p'jssible, be visited in every part by the f'onipany's cruizers, for the |)urpoM of keeping wtiteh over the foreigners, and lor this purpose, in giving instructions to our cruizers, to conform vourself to the intended inovenients of the Company's wlialing-vesscis, which can idso do duty us cruizers if they are carrying on their fishery in ISehring Sea. and to jn'ovide that the Conipany's vessels designivted for visiting the many islanils of the I'olonics be. so far as ])ossible, under the command of naval otHeers, in order that they may become acquainted with the comlition of colonial attairs, and may gradually tit themselves for performing the most II 10 Okioinal TRAN'SLATIOS. Hkvised Translation. the same time their rank will j;ive authority to important duties in iV." lulministrntion of the our proceedings. Colonies. (Signed) V. POLITKOVSKY. (Signed) V. POLITKOVSKY, Pri.siJiiK) Officer. Pnsidlnif Officer. V. kli;i>fkl; v. klupfel, A. KTIIOLIX, A. ETllOLIN, N. KISOF, N. KUSOF, Bnron WIIAXGKL, fliiron VVHANGEL, Members of the Hoard. Members of the Jiourd. No. 1". Ldter /mm Cajttnin of Ihr Flmt Uriiil- und Kniijht Ivan Vd.-'niiccilch Fnrululin, Chief Miiinnicr if the BiiK/ildn- America II C'ulunicis, tu MiiifO r Iknzc- ruaii, of the Imperial Xaeij. U'rit/ni from the Colonics, June 2(i, ISGl. To Master Bcnzcman, of tlic Imperial Navy, commanding tlie steamer " Alexander the Second": No. 17. Letter from Coptniii of tlir Firs' Tinnl; mid Kiiii/hl Iruii ViinsiUerilrti Fiiriihelni, Clinf Mdiunier of tin: IiiiK.\iuii-.\iiierira'i ('oloiiics, to Mii,;ler lienzemiin, of Die Imperint Xanj. Written from the Colonies, June 20, lH(il. To Master Benzeman, of tlie Imperial Navy, commanding the steamer " Alexander tiie Second " : WHEN your steajucr is ready for sea, you will leave this port and carry out the following in- structions : — 1. You will proceed to the" Kcnai Coal Mining Enterprise ;" on arrival there deliver the aroom- panying package to the Commander, Mining Engineer luruhelm, and immediately begin to take on as much coal as you can in addition to the cargo on board. 2. From English Bay you will jirocecd to the Island of St. Paid, whore you will deliver your passengers, land the sui)plics. and take on local products for St. Michael's Kcdoubt. You will then proceed to the redoubt to land supplies and take on whatever cargo Manager Vakhrameief may have on hand. 3. On leaving St. Michael's Redoubt you will shape your cause for the Island of St. Paul, where you nnist take on without fail a fnll cargo of fur-seal skins and local products such as oil and seal meat, and proceeding to the Island of St. Cicurge, take on in addition such products and furs as nay have accumulated previous to yimr arrival there. Thence y<ui will ))roceed to Una- laska, and furnish Manager Vlassuf with such quantities of oil and seal meat as he may be in need of. Y'ou will then take on the furs on hand at T'nalaska, and jjroceed to New Archangel. 4. During ycjur visits to the above-mentioned points, you will receive all complaints submitted to yo\i. and, without making anv decision what- ever, submit tliem to nie (Ui your arrival al New Archangel. 5. At St. Jlichael's Uedoubt Manager VaKbra- mcief will present to you two servants of the t.'ompany, Koslievnikof and Midiurin. for punish- ment for disobeying the onlers of the aulhorilies [ and for en;j'a;;.ng in sec ret uidawful traltic with T'atives] ; and 1 would suggest 10 you to ])unish them with rods, giving them twcntv-fivi' strokes each in the presence o*' the whole garrison of the rcdoubt. (). Among the passengers on your steamer will be the Bishop of New Archangel, Peter, who goes to inspect the northern Missions. Y'ou will show his Endnence due attention and respect, and carry out his wishes as far as pructicab'e. 7. During vour l,,. , at .>t. -Michael's Uedoubt .\S soon as the steamer is quite ready to sail, I request your Excellency to leave this port and to carry out the following instructions : — I. To proceed to the Kenai coal mines, and, on your arrival there, to hand the inclr>sed package to the Governor, IVIastcr of the Mines Furuhelm, and to take on the steamer as much coal as the space occupied by your cargo permits. II. From English !!ay proceed to the Island of St. Paul, whence, after landing vour passengers, delivering the anniud sup])lies, aiul taking on board the supplies for Fort Michael, you will proceed to that fort to deliver the supplies sent, and to take in there such cargo as will be indicated to you by (iovenmr Vaehramesvoi. HI. Leaving Fort Michael, you will direct your course to the Island of Si. Paul, wl]cre you nmst immediately take on board a wiiole cargo ot seal- skins, supjdies, oil, and seal meat, and, stopping on yo\ir way at the Island of St (ieorue to take on board goods and supplies which may be ready on the arrival of the steamer, you will proceed to L'nalaska. and, after furnisiiing Governor \lasoll', on his requisition, with supplies, oil. and seal meat, which you will bring expressly for that purpose from St. Paul, you will take in a I'argo of such goods as nniy he readv at L'nalaska, and then proceed i^ New Archangel. i V. During the time of yoar said vi-ils to those places you will listen to all conijjiaints which may be ])resentea to you, aiul, without conung to any decision about them, you will report them to nu- on vour arrival at New Archangel. V. At Fort Michael two employes, Koshevni- koti and Makarin, will be pre^enll•d to you by (!overiu)r Vacliramesvoi for punishnu^nt for viola- tion of (iovernment Hegnlalions and for disobedi- ence, i"cl I f'lerefore advise you to punish each of tliem with twenty-live laslies in the presence of the whole eounnand of tlie fort. VI. Th' Hishop of New Archangel, Peter, will go by t'. -earner to inspect the Missions in the north. 1 request you to show bis Kcverenee all due attention, and to comply with all his wishes. VII During \m\v stay at Fort Michael take on OliIi7l\AI, TnAXSLATlDX. 41 IM'.VISKI) TllAXSI.ATION. yim will diisi' to l)c collected ft iiunitity of di'ift- lioard tlic steamer as niucli wood as jou possildy wood and deliver tlic same on tlic Island of can, and carrv it to tlie Island of St. Paul. St. Paul. VIII. If tlie fiovcriiors (if tlie island present to you eniployi's wlio liavc served llii'ii' time for tr.nisportation frooi tlie Colonies, von will receive tlieni on l)oar.l llie steamer. Tlie carpenter, Parfentef, nmsr f;u from .*■(. I aid to Sitka. 8. If the Maiia::er.-t of tne islandss liould pre- sent to you any employe:; wlio have served oit tlieir terms foi' tniii..^|iortation from tlic Colonies, yon will take tluiii on board. From the Island of ISt. I'anl tlie eariieiiter, I':irfentyef, will require a passage to Sitka. 9. It. lias come to my knowledge that in the present year tw.i wli,iliin;-vessels liave sailed from San Francisco for I lie purpose of trading on the Prihilof Islands [or of luiiitint; in their vicinity]. IX. It li.'is come to my knowled;;e tli.it two whaling-vessels hnd liecn sent tliis vear from San Francisco to trade on the Prihyloff Islands. I therefore retpievt vour Kxcellcnev, (liiriii!! the Consequently, I would sug:^est that dnniii; your time aiipoiiitivl for voiir viivai;c, to do diitv as ii presence in tho waters vu\i will e.\ereisc the [to prevent aiiv nii- Iwo duties of an armed cruiser lawful acts on the part not oiilv of tile^e otlicrs •.vli'.cl 1 voii iti;)V lind in vessels, but ot _ HeriiiL' Sea] , I trust that all the various duties intrusted to you will he carried out to my satistiiction, and that you will return without unnecessary loss of time. The crew and passenger lists of the tteamer are hereby appended. The issue of rum to your crew will be made under existiu".' regulations. the e\act basis of tlie iiistructiiMis hcreivitli iiicloseci, which have heen approved by the Kmperor. I trust that yon will execute the instructions niveii you to my sati'.faction. and thai you will return without nineh loss of time. A list of the crew and passengers of the steamer is hercHith inclosed. The issue of rum to your comniaiui will be continued in aecordauee with existing regul.i- tions. [The portions of this paper not given were correctly translated in tJnitcd States' Case, Appendix, vol. i.] Xo. 18. No. Is. Lfllur friini the. I hparlmi-iit r,f Commerce and Maniif('ctur''s /<) tl"' Boiin.1 of A'hiniiistratUm i.f llie Himsinn-Aiii'rirdii Cunijiiniij. JVr'ilicn j'.'um St. Petersburg, June \\), Ihti."). THE Council of .State, after an examination of the proposal sid)mitted bv me concernini; the revision of the Charter of the Russiun-.Vmeriean Companv and the organization of the liussinn- Anieriean Colonies, directs, by a Resolution approved by the Kmperor on the 1 lib June, that in the preparation of the new Charter for the Russian-American Company, and of the regula- tions for the ;;ovcrnment of the Colonics, the following principles shall be adopted ; — 1 . 'I'hc term of the privileges, riL'h.t.s, and obligations of the Company expir'.s on the 1st dav of January, 188'.'. • ■ • • -» .si. Permission is given to bring into the poris of .\'ew Archangel, on the Island of Sitka, of .St. I'cul, on the Island of Kadiak, and into such others as may be subsequently found convenient for the piirjiose, all kinds of merchandize (except intoxicating hevera'.;es, powder, and arms) on board both Itussian and foreign vessels. 9. Special regulations shall be jircscr'bed con- I'crning the importation of intoxicating liquors and the sale thereof in the Colonies, as well as the furnishing of arms and powder, such e- gulatioiis to he of such a character as not to impose onerous restrictions upon the inhabitants, and at the same lime to guard against abuses and injurious eonsequenevs. • • ♦ • 15. Every description of trade, except the fur trade, .nhall be free to .ah the residents of the Colonies and (o all Russian subjects without dislinction ur limitation. Letlcr from tite. Department of Commerce and Mawifwtiires to Hie Honril of Administration of tin- /t'lixxiini-^liiierirri/i ('iinijinuij. Written from SI. I'et.rslmnj, Jane 19, IStij. THR Impcii. 1 Council, having considered the representation • ..idc I)-' me with regard to the revision of the ("barter ot" the Ra>^-,ian-.Vnierican Company, and the organization of the Ru-isian .\nieriean Colonies, by its Resolution apjirovcd by the ihnperor on the 1 1th ,Iuiie of this year, has recommended — Tli.at the following priiici]):il basis be adopted in the preparalion of the new Charter of the Russiau-.VnuTican Company and of the colonial maii.igement. tho privileges, rights, and Company cMeiids to the The term of oblinalions of the 1st January, l«8.'i. VIII. The importation of all kinds of articles of industrv and commerce liy Russian and foreign vessels is made free at the ports ot New .Vivliaiigel, on the Island of Sitka, at St. I'aul, on the Isl.md of Kadiak. and hereafter at others where it will be found desirable (with the exception cf spiri- ttious li(piors, powder, and arras). I.\. With regard to the importatimi of spiri- tuous liipiors and their s.de in the Colonics, and also the supplying the (.'olonies with arms and ))owder, it is recommended that speci.d regula- tions be adopted, whicli, without oppressing the inhabitants, will [jrcvent tlie abuse of them, with all their injurious consequences. XV. The prosecution of every kind of in:bis*'-v (except the fur iiidus.ry) is perniittcd to all the inbabit.ints of the Colonies and to all Russhiii sid)jcuts, Without ilistinctidii or re.Uriction. 42 ('nii;iN'.u, TuANsr.ATioN. As rc;;«r(ts tlio fur traik' : (n) Itoscrvc to tlic Rtissiaii-Aiiii'riciin ("oniiiany \iiitil tlie Ut .Tniiiiiiry, 1SH2. till- exrliisivc iT^lit of cn'.Mgiiii; in llip fur trnde xvilliiii the foUciwiii',' limits only : On tlic Peninsula <if Alaska. taUiii'^ for ils nortlu'in 1)otin<l-.iry the line fimn Capi' l)i)uu;la-, in I lie Hay of Kcnai. (o tlic upper sluin' of Ilianni;' LaKc ; upon nil tlio islands situated nlon;; llic coast of tluit peninsula, namely, tin- A!»ntian I.-lanil:i. tlie Cotninander Islands, the Kuiilc Inlands, as well ns upon tlic islands silunted in I'clirinu; Sea, and alon;; tlie wliolo western slmrc* of I^elirini; Sea. As regards tlic region streteliin;: nnrt!i-oa t of tlu- Alaska IVninsida, alc.iij; tlic vrliole of tlu" co-ist lip to tlic lioniidary-linc contiguous with tlio ])nss;'s<ions of d'l'eat Urifain, and on tlic islands situated aloii^- tliat const, ineluditi;; Sl'.Ua and llic wliolc of tl.e Koliisliian .\iciripclau:o. and liliewise on tlic eontiiient of the northern part of America, the privik'ue of the Conipniiy to i;."ccliisivcly i'n!;ai;c in fur trade shall he aholislied. {/>) AH colcnial rcsiilent.s and sc! tiers who arc Unssian sulijects shall he nl!owc<l to en^a^e in the fur trade, nndcr special regulations to he ))rc>cril)cd upon the subject in all the ])la(:es within the Uussiaii possessions wherein the exclusive ri^lit of the Kussian-.\nicrican Company is ahulished as stated above. All other Kiis.sian suhjccts not periimnent residents of the Colonies shall be free to trade with the natives fur furs, but not to engage in hinitini; fur-bcnring aniuials. l;i;visi;i/ Tl:.\Nsl.\TinN. Ill ralnlion, liowcver, to the fur industry— 1, To secure to the Itussian- Amcicnn Compniiy niitil the 1st .lanuary, ISsl!, the exelnsive right to carry on the fur industry and the fur trade within the following' limits only ;— On the I'cninMila of Alaska, roekoning as its northern limit n line drawn from Cniir" llouglas, in Kenia liiiv, to the head of I.akc Imiamna: on all the islands lying along the coast of that peninsula; on the Aleutian, Commander, and Kiirih^ Islands and llioic lying in liehring Sea, and nls:) nbnig the whole western co.ist of Bchring Sea; but to revoke in the district to the north-east of the Peninsula of .\la-ka along the whole coast to the boundary of the Hritisli ])ossessions, also on the islands lying along this eoust, including in that number Sitka and the whole Kolosliian Archipelago, and also, on land, to tlic ntirtliern extremity of tlii' Ainerieaii Continent, tlie privilege grunted to tlie Company of the exclusive pr.iseeulion of the said industry and trallie. 2. I'lie colonial inhabitants and the settlers who are Russian subjects residing permanently in the Cohmies are perinilted to carry on the fur industry, in conformity with the speci.al regula- tion which must he ndopted for that jnirpore, in those parts of tlie Kussian possessions where the the exclnsiyc right to the said industry is not reserved to the llussian-.'ineriean C,)m])aiiy ; all other Kussian subjects are permitted only to trade with the natives in fur goods, and art, not admitted to a share in the fur industry itself. A true copy (Signed)' A. TlMKDVSKI, C/iic/ clerk. A true co|)\ (Signed) A. 'I'lMKOVSKI, Vlii>lCl(i-K. [The I'.ortions of this p:ii:cr nut given were eorrrcllv Iraii'-'ated in I'liileil Slates' Case, Appendix, vol. i.] No. 1!). No. 1!). ('i.iinrninff //le pniiitiiiii of ii fomiU Clntrlcr to Ilic Ihissiiiii-AineiicHit Ciimpmni. HI'S Imperi.'d .Majesty lias deigned to confirm the <ipini(in of the • General Session of the Couiitil of State concerning the revision of the Charter of the Uussian-Amctiean Company and the orgaiilzalion of the Itussian-Ameiican Colonies. and to order the same to be carried into cHect. (Signed) KONSTAM'hV, I'resiikiit of the Coniic'd of Slate. Jpril 2, \SGG. Ojiinio.-i (if the Council (/ Slatc-f The Council of State in the llcpartment of the Imperial Domain in its general session Inning c;onsidercd the JJeport of Ministir of Finance iroiicerning the revision of the Charter of the Uussinn-.Vir.eriean Company and the organization of the Uussian-Anicricaii Colonies, ■.'ciulered the following oiiinioii : In mddilication and exnlana- lion of the respective provisio is contained in the opinion of the Council of Stale, approved by the • II i-s i-It'ur frnm tlii> rontL'Xl t!iat it is intendt'tl tu refer to tlie cMtcrn Aliore of Uelirin^ Seu. + i.oiHcd Irom tlie JiiurriHla nf the Imperial rminrils of I'ulilie roniain, Jnnunry 10 and March 2, and ul'tlic I'lttinry Couiieil uf Mareh 14, 18CG. Ciiiirerniirj thr i/r'niliitti of n Jtiiirth Clitirli liiiKsiiin-.\ no rieaii ( 'o/ajjiiiii/. to the TIIK Imperial Cuuncil in the Department of Imperial Kcononiy and in general ussenibly, Iniving exainined the communieation .if the Minister of I'inaiice on the subject of the revision of the Charter of the Russiaii-Ainericaii ( 'omimny and the organizatiin of l!ic Uussian-Americini (.'olonics, has adopted the following Kesokitioji in iiioditieation and explanation of the principal bases of the new Charter of the llussiaii-Aineriian t,'onipany and the organization of the Colonics, recited in the Resolution of the Imperial Council, approved by the ICmperor lll'.i .Fune, IS(i.): Orioinal Translation. Knippror on the 14tli June, lH(i5, concerning the principal features of tlie new Charter of the Riissinn - Ariicriniii ('(iiripiiny and of Cohinial re'jiihiliiiiis. it is ordained :— 1. (As to Artieh- 1.) The duration of the privi- hfics ti) he i;raiitt(i for tHciity years t<i the Uiissiari- Anieriiaii Cnnipaiiv shall he rcekoned from the date of the approval of tlie C/'ljartcr, and not from the 1st January, IHiil'. 3. (As to Article 15, letter «.) The exclusive ri':ht of the Conipany to enu!i!;e in the fur trade throughout the entire cuiduial territory shall he continuid; pnyideil that tiie manner of carrviii;; on such trade shall he detennim-d hv re};id:itiipiis, to he prescrdjcd upon consultation with the Miinstrv of Imperial Domains. '« • • • 4. fAs to Articles S and 0.) The provisions to be included in the new Charter of the Company conrernin^ the openin;,' to free trade of tie ports of New Ari'liuii!;el and .Sitli.T, and of St. I'aul, on Kadi^iU lslai;d. and the introduction into the Colonics •generally of such tiade and of indnstrii s, also the provisions coiiccniin'; the im])ortation and sale ol spirituous liipiors. and the supplying; of arms and powd<T, shall he in accorilance with the propositions now submitted by the Ccunpany; jn'ovided that the commercial nuinopoly hereto- for;' enjoyed by the I 'onipany shall under no piitcxt he continued. 48 Hevised Translation. 1. (In Clause I.) That the period of twenty years for the duration of the m-w privilei>es, ri^dits, and (djllifatiuns of the Uussiaii-.Xmcrican Coinpnny be rccki>ned. not from the 1st January, lxi'>2, but from the date of the contirniatioii of those privilej;es. 'J. (In Clause \!>.) That the exclusive rii;ht of carryiii'.,' on the fur industry and the fur trade be secured to the Comp.anv throu'^hont the extent of the <'ijlonial territory; at the same time, with rcfjaril to the canvinj^ on of the tnr imlustry. lixed regulations musi be adopted, by agreement with the Minister of the Imperial I). ■main. • • • « •I. fin Clauses K and '.'.) Thai, while im-luihn:? in the new Charter of the Conipany the regula- tions conccndnu the opetMM'j; of I'iv piTts of New .Arehan-jcl, on Sitka Island, and St. I'aul, in Kndiak, for free trade, those ripranlin^ the permission to carrv on certain iiulustries in the Colonies j;enerally, and those on the subject of the iiTip<irtation aiul sale of s)n'.itu'ius liquors in the Colonies ami the supplying them with arms and ])owder, the recommendations mn\ presented by the Coiii; .>.iy on this subject be adopted, yvithout permittinu'. however, the commercial monopoly which the Company has hitherto enjoyed to be continued in force uniler any pretext whatsocNer. The orii;inal i.-< signed in the journals by the Presidents ami mendicrs. Certified by — (Signed) Yf:RMAK()FF, J' ire- Director. K. RADE'I'SKI. Chief of Diviaion. True copy : (Signed) .v. TiMKOVSKY. True copy : (Signed) (Signed) YERMAKOFF, Vice IHrei lor. K. RADKTSKI. Chief of Dirinioii. A. T1.MK0VSKY. No. 20. Proclamation. No. •!(!. Proclnmation. IT is hereby proclaimed to all whom it may concern that, if any person or persons, after reading these presents, docs not immediately abandon Russian territory [or waters], or continue forhiddcii trade or trathe, they shall he seized fortliwitb upon t!ie arrival of the first Russian vessel upon the scene of their illegal transactions, and taken for trial to New Archangel, and all {joi.'ds, as well as the vessel found in possession of such ])ersons, shall be eiuiliscated. Given at the port of New Archangel, on the" luirlii-we.st coiLst of America, this 8th (iOth) day of September, 1864. NOTICE is hereby given to all to whom it may eoiiccrn tliat if, after reading this, they do not immediately leave Russian territory, and do not desist from prohibited tratfic, they will, on the arrival of a Russian vessel, be arrested and sent for trial to Xew Archangel, Sitka, and their mer- chandize and ships, if such are found, yyill be confiscated. Given at the port of New .Vrchangcl, on the north-west coast of America, this M\ (20th) September, 18t)4. rii7j N OniCINAI, TliANRLATlllN. No. 21. Letter from thf liiiani of Aitmiuhlraliitn iif *hf iiUnsiun - Anwriran C'nnn'iiti/ t<t Ali'itimfrr Andrcicritch liiiranof, i'liirj' Mninii/ir iif l/ie Rit.if'mn - Amc ican Cotfinici. If'rilliii /nun SI. I'clersl'urij, A/iril (i, 1H17. TlIK Hoiiril <if Ailiniuislriiticiii nf tlic ("oniiiniiy incloses hcrcwifli, f .r your irif.iiMiation, a copy <pf u Report from tin; Ki;iklit:i oHic-i', uliiliiiK to llie f'avDiiriible reception liy the CliinoM- at, Kinklitn of fiir-sciil skins. ;inil ilcsiros yoii to use vour best cndi'UvouM to send to OiJiotvk for the' KiiilJila market siicb kinds of fnr.s as are prefcrrcil l>v tlie Ciiinese, and not to send any V'am^ sea-lioii skinii. 44 Iiielosnre in No. '.'1. lieport iif Ihr Kiii/iklti Offlrp In llw Ikiard iif Adiniiiislriilioii oj l/iv lliixsian - Ainvn'mii Cftnijittny. (No. 137.) h'vhruarii H, I8I7. THIS otHce had tlic honour to nceive on tlie 1st instant tlie order of tlie Hoard of Adiniaistralion, dated tlie lltli Hcccniber, iHlfi, No. Jl.'p, in wliicli directions are i;iven in disposinL; of tlie fur-seal skins received by the ship " Sueorof " I0 observe what kinds of skin.-i are preferred. In reference to this the oflice has the honour to report that the fur-seal skins from both the ships " Kon- slantin " and " Suvorof " were sold toijelher, liut it was noticed, from the manner in uhieb the skins were received by the Chinese, that the 4,50 baclielor and yor-ii; bull skins from the ship "Suvorof " were not .nccepted as California skms, whicli are considered ))y the Chinese to lie worth one and a half times as much as the jjrays. The bulls and younj; bulls reeeived bv the " Kon- stantin" are valued still hi|;lier than the baclielors, although the hair on them is coarse, and cannot be utilized ; the skins, however, are large, of good texture, and of whitish-yellow colour, the hair hcin"; plucked (nit so as to leave onlv the fur on the skin. The fur thus obtained is dved and is then ready for use. The ^'ravs IVoin the ship "Suvorof" have eleanerl akin, but short hair, and are rather thin. They were valued lower than those from the •' Konstantiii."' which, althoujih of a paler <-olour and with reddish spots, arc larger in size and have a thicker and longer fur. Our friends (the Chinese) are very particular as to quality, and not less jiartieular as to size ; they sort and measure by inches, and they therefore valued the skins lirought by tin '• Kon- stantin" higher than the bachelors and grays from the " Suvorof." The young sea-lion skins received by this office have been exhibited, but inasnmeh as they have no fur and short hair, though they make a very good hide, our friends refused to take them at any ])rice, but asked that they he given a couple of skins to take to Kalgan, where they might ascertain by e.\prrininil whether they eoulil be utilized for any purpose. (Signed) DEMETllI KUZNETZOF, Mamiger. VASSILI JOUKOF, Bookkeeper. Revised Thanst.atios. No. 21. Ijell'i- finiii Ihr Tioard itf A'lmini'tritlioii of thf llii'xiin- Aiiieririn fnni/iniii/ to Ali'.nindifr Aiidriirvih'li ll(iminif, I'hie'f Mdiiiif/er of the Jiiis.iiiiii- .lineririiii ('idniiiin. ll'rilU'ii from Si. I'elurshuvy, .l/iriin, IHI7. IN rcplv to yo\n- ciHunmidcation the Hoard of .\dministr itioii inelosi's herewith an extract from the reiiort of the Kiaehta factory concerning the prolilalde trade in seal-skins with the Chinese at Kiaehta. ami ilesires that yi>u will make spei'ial elhirts to send to Okotsk, for Kiaehta. those kinds whicli are most acceptable to the Chinese. Do U'lt send any .sea-lion skins. inelosiire in No, '2\. Offire In Iif Hoard of I'ii.i.ii'iii-Aiiii rirnii Coiit- .\o. 7l.'i of the 'le Hoard was of the scid- . oroB," to notice ;hly than others. KUiour to re|)ort by llie ship Hefnrl of Iif Ki'irlild .Idoihihlralton of the ponij. Fe'oniurtj H, ISI7. THIS factory had the honour, on the 1st rcbruaiy, to receive the instru 'ons of the Hoard of .\tlministratioii of theC.,n> 1 Ith lleceniber. IHlli), in • l)leascd to instruct us, in ' skins received by the ship" .I,, what kinds sire prized more hi; In reply, this fictiiry has the that the seal-skins reeeived '"Suvoroir" and by the '• Constan;inc " were disposed of in a lot, hut from the acceptance and deinaiids of the Cliinesc it was observed thiit the I'll) bachelors and young bulls brought by the ".Suvorotf," which were not even called Californias, are valued by the Chinese at half as much again as the gravs. The bachelors broil dit by the " Constant' :ie" were far bi'tler, as tliev value them at twice the price of the u'rays; and the bulls and young bulls received by the '• Constantiie " still higher than the bachelors, although the hair on them is coarse and not tit for use. They are large and on the tlesli side are very good. They are rf a vellowish-wliite e")<)iir. The Chinese pull mil the hair and only leave the down, which they live, and they use them in that condition. The L;ravs liroiii^ht by the '• Suvorotf" are very clean on the Hesh sitle. but the fur is not long. They are thin and of less value thin those received by tiie " (Jonstantinc," which, although ti.ev are not clean on the llesli side, and although they have a paler colour and reddish spots, are larger and have longer and thicker fur. Our friends have very sharp eyes for quality, and not less for size. Thev assort and measure them to an inch, and hence they value those briamht by the " Constantine" more highly than those brought bv the " JSuvoroH," both bachelors and gravs. Tlie sea-lion skins received by thi:! factory ivere siiown theui, but. while they were very good on the llesh side, there was no down on them, and the hair was coarse, so that our friends will not take them at any |)riee ; and they only asked for two sea-lion skins, which they intend to carry to KaUan for the purpose of experimenting with them and seeing whether they cannot put them to some use. (Signed) DKMETRI KUZNETZOF, Manager. VASSILI JOUKOr, Jiook-kfeper. ORtOINAL ThANSLATION. No. 22. Lfller from llf fionril if Ailiiii'iiilrati><ii nf the It'ifnian-Arrrirnii <'iim/i"nii Id Cnptain of Ihr h'ir.il Itdiik- iiml Kfhilil .iilntf i',iil;fit,'ii Ktliitllii, < liiff Miiiiiiiiir of the /lu'Huiii - Ami-n'rnn Cnl'inief. IVrittvn I'rum Sf. I'elmbiir'i, Marr/i ,S. IHi;!. •46 Revised Tiiansi.ation. No. 22. /.filer from tlif Hwixl 'if A<htiinulrntiim (,f the Riixninii-Aiiiiriraii (oih/unn/ In ('irji/niii nf the Fiml /i'Di/,- mill Jiiiii/lil Ji/nl/' Cirl'ivllrh Elhnlin^ Cli'iff Maiiii'ier of l/if finniniiii- Aiiii-ririin C'lniiii!i, IFritlen from St. I'fttm- buni, Miirc/i 8, 18i;!. Till) rfi;uliiticiiis of the fn.-M.al iiiiliistrv imMitiiini'd III yiiiir <li'-.|)iil('li No. '-H7 of tlie 9tli May, ISI.{. arc liiliv iiiipnucil iui'l coiilirnu'd by the Uo:ii(l ot Adniiiiiitiiition. and the pniposeil chise season on the Ishiiid of .SI. (Jeor'_'e and the Coinr.mnder Ivhiiid-. is liireliy ordered. Kor tlic pnr|iose of preserving; tliis most viihiahle resouree, the lii'ard of .Vdministrntlon respeeffolly requests you to make it your ])crmanent nde to eonduct the annual eateli in sueh a manner that not only the rooker-i» will not he depleted, hut that they will he allowed to inerense, i.i:, that the annual increase should alw.iys exeecd the annual ealcli. In order not to disturb priees at present, an nnnual shipnient of lO.lMM) t'ur-seal skins to Russia will sulliee. (S-ned) WR\N(iHL. .\. SKVKKIN. N. I'ROKOFYKF, N. KUSOK, Directors. TMK Hoard of .\dininistratioii fuUv approves the arran^'ements fur kjiliii;; seals de-.eriljcil l>v you in despatch No. 'Js" of the lltli Mav. I^ilj. and permits you to irihlitute on the Commander Islands and St. (ieorj;e the elose season which you propose. In general, 'or the greatest possihle preservalic f this precious animal, the Hoard of -Administration recpie-sls you to adopt as on invariable rule the following: To prosecute the annual killing; of the seals in such manner that thry tv.;:y not only not he exter- minated on the roolierii s, but, on the contrary, may eonlimially mcrcase in numbers, that is to say, that the amount of the annual in'^rease may be always i^reater than the number of auimals killed. At the present time the .ihiproent of 10,000 seal-skins to liiissia every year will he sufticient to prevent a (all in prices. (Signed) WKANfJRf., A. SKVKRIN, \. I'ROKOKYKF, N. KUSOF. DivfrtDrs, No. a.!. No. 2.S. Letter from the Jloaril of Ailmimflration of the liiissimi-Amerifttn Coinp'iiii/ In Captain of l/w Iiiiju'riat Xai-i/ nf' Ihv Sn'tiiiil liniih Ah'xtiiidvr llilc/i liiiilakiif. H'rilliii frniii SI. I'elernburn, April 22, ISbX FROM dcs|)atehes received from your FaccI- leney's predecessor, we learn that the fur-seals in the Colonies are rapidly ineieasin'.;, and as there is every appearance of a good m.irket for the same, the Hoard of .\dniinistration instructs you here- with to make all necessary arraii^eiiierits for carryin;; on the sealinj; industry on ad the islands frequented by these animals to the full extent of their capacity, without depleting the rooUeries. The rules for the protection ot fein lies, iSie., will be strictly observed as heretofore. Of the fur-seal caleli you \vill forward annually 6,000 skins to Kiakhta by w.iy of Ayan ; 10,(K)0 skins to Shanghac, ami the remaiiuler to St. I'eters- buri; on the t!oin|)aiiy's sliijis. At the present time, the Hoard of .Vdministra- tion orders the diseontiiniance oi' the present process of salting skins, as being unfavourable to the sale of fur-seal skins. (Signed) V. POLITKOVSKY. l're.<ii'ling Officer. V. KLUI'FKL, A. KTliOLIN, N. KU^OF, Baron URANGELL, Meinberg. Letter from the Hoard if Ailmiiiiatraluin of the liimiiiiin-.liiiiiican C'lni/aiiii in I'apt'iiii if llic /ihjiirinl A'i;r// if /be Sroinl J',iiik .ilfxnudvr lli/ch /.'«(/«/,../■. U'ril/eii fruiii SI. teiersbiirg, April 22, 1 « 53. SICFING, from despatches received from your Excellency's ))reilecessors that the seals in the Colonies are rapidly increasing in numbers, and foreseeing a re,:ular demand for them, the Hoard of Administration instructs you to make corre- sponding arrangements, in order that hercalter, until further instructions, the killing of seals may be prosecuted on all the islands which they frequent to sucli an extent as may seem possible williout impoverishing the rookeries. The rules for ilie protection of the cows, fie, must be observed as heretofore. Of the seals killed, (J.OOO must be sent every year by way of Ayan to Iviachta, 10,000 to Shanghae, and all that remain to St. Petersburg by the vessels going around the world. At the same time the Hoard of .\dniinistratiou suggests that you stop salting the seal-skins, as has been done heretofore, since it has a had cirect upon their sale. (Signed) V. POLITKOVSlvY. Presiding Officer. V. KLUI'FEL, A. ETUOLIN, N. KUSOF, Haron \V RANG EL, Members. CBIGIXAL TI'ANSLATION'. No. 24. 46 EEA'ISED TllANSLATION. No. 24. Letter from the Board of Adviinhlralion of the llimsiaii- American Companii to Captain of the First H'lnk niid Ki>i;iht Slepan Vnssilicvilch Voi/i'vo<lxh/, Chief Miiii'ir/ir of t/ic Hussiaii- Anivricnn Colonii.t. ifritlcn from St. Peters- hiiri/, April 24, 1S;')4. IN Ms (Irspatoh No. .",1R, dated the .3nih May, IR5.'?. Cii|it;!in Kudiikof, in reportiiiix the increase of fur-seals on tlio Island of St. Paul, and his aption vclatini; to the fur-seal industry, requests v. decision from tlie I?oard of Administration as to the luiniber of seals t<i be killed in the future, and t.lie grade of skins pnfiired. Tlic Hoard of Adininistration, therefore, respect- fully requests your Kxeelleucy to order the killing; principally of bachelors, the older the better, since our customers i:re e.auer to secure lar^'e skins. Small seals should be killed only in numbers sufiieicnt to supply the demand for oil and food for the natives. Since, however, at present, the demand for fur-seal skins has sonu'- what diminished, the caleh may be limited to such a number as will not interfere with a regular increase, until a greater demand ha? aL;ain been created. To this em! the Board of Managers is devoting all its energies. ' (Signed) " V. KLUPI^KL, Presidiny Officer. A. ETHOLIN, X. KUSOF. Karon WRA.VGKr.L, Mimbers. Letter from the Board of Adminislratiun of t/te Jhtsfian- American Comjtany In Captain if the Firist Itanii and Ktiiijld Sleimn l-'us.iiifrvdch Voyev.idshij, Chief Maiiai/ir of the llii^nian- Anivrican Colmiii'S. Written from St. Peters- burg, April %i, 1851. CAPTAIN of the Second Class Ruck-ikoff. in his des|iateli No. 31s of the .iOI U May, \H'j?,, re- porting to the Board of Administration the increase of seals on the Island ol i^t. Paid, and the anangenients niaih^ by him, in conseiincnce, with re;_',iid to Killing them, inquire", ot the Board of Adininistr.ition what niunber of ihem must be killed in fut ire, and what kinds are preferred. In reply, the Board of Administration respect- fully reipiests vouv Excellency to order t'lat bachelors be killed in preference, the ohli-v the better, as the purchasers prefer large skins. Hence small seals must be killed oidy in such numbers as are necessary for obtijnin^ od to supply the demand; and. as at the pi'esent time the demand for seal -skins has considerably decreased, they must be killed, as a rule, only in such numbers as will not afleet their increase until a greater cUinand sets in, for which the Board of Administration is making constant exertions. (Signed) V. KLUPFKL, J'rifldiiii/ Officer. A. KT IK) I.I.N, N. KUSOF, Baron W RANG KL, Members. No. '25. No. 25. Letter frniii the lioavd of Admini.^1 ration of the RnKxinn-Ameriim C.mipamj to Cuplain of the Second Punk Prince Mak.iidui', C/iief Manaycr of the l\ut!'<iiin-Ami'rirun Colonim. Written from St. Pctersbnri/, Xovembcr, S, 18."(4. AT the ))re9ent time the nuirket for fur-scai skins is limited to the nnmher of ■l.i.dOO, namely, ill Xew- York, from L'O.dOO to L'I,00O;, .at St. i'etersburg, from l.'j.OOO to l(i,0O(l, and at Irkutsk, from "i.OOO to (),0n() skins, wiiich must all be of the best quality, /.'■ , fnll-giown males, lialf-gr.iwn malis, l.'Argc 'iiid mediuni bachelors. The whole nuudicr sent to New York iiiav be salted, but I he bu\ers demand that all fat m- Idubber be removed very earefiiUv previous to salting, for the better preservation ai.d fnrtiier |irepiiration of the skins. The skins may be shipped to New York bv San I'laneisco, preferaldy as supplementary freight on the clippers ol the New York and California Irade, as in this manner they <'iin be forwarded (juite cheaply. At .St. Petersburg only dried skins are m dcmami. These should be shipped in our own vessels, but in the .absence of such, they may also be shipped by !San Francisco or Victoria, preferably on ships hound for Lmuloii, where they will he consi;;iied lo IVIly and Co.. or to Hamburg, consigned to Strong and Co., thence to be forw.anlcd to tlicir destination, since no sliip.s bound foe St. Petersburg or Kronstadt can be found at Sun Fraueiseo, and to charter ijicclal vessels is very expensive. Letter from the Board of' Admimntration of the Piinsitm Amrririin Compani/ to Cuptnin if the Second L'nnh Prince .Miik.iuti;/'. Chief Mmnuier of the /iiiHuion - Ainericiin Cuionten. ilritten from SI. Pelerslnirrf, November 8, 185-1. AT present the sale of seal-skins has risen to •t.1,0()0, namely, 20,000 to 21,()0() at New York, 15.000 to l(l,()b() at St. Petersburg, and 5.000 to (),000 .at Irkutsk. They must he of the best quality, that is to say. large and medium bulls, young bulls, and bachelors. The whole quantity sent to New York may be saltcl, but the purchasers re(|uest that in salting them the oil be removed from them as carefullv as possible, for the better preservation and (or the further dressing of the skins. They must be sent there by way of San F'raiuiseo, prelcrablv, to complete the cargoes of vessels going lo New York, because by this arr.ingemeiit the delivery of them w ill i^ost much less. Only dried seal - skins are in demand at St. Petersburg, and they must he sent there by our own vessels going round the world, or, ill the absence of these, by way of San Francisco or Victoria: but. preferablv. lo complete car^o on vessels going to London, to Mr. Pellv. or to Hamburg, to Mr. Sture, for further dispatch to their destination, as at San Fiaiieiseo it is impossible to liiid <-> vessel with cargo going to St. Petersburg or Kronstadt, uiid it would be Original Translation. 47 At Iiknisk also, (inly dry skins arc required ; tiicv may be forwarded by Ayan. At tlie same time tlie Board of Administration asks vou to make arianL'ements to enable you, willi (lie proposed iiierease in tbe tur-iieal ealeb to 5n.0(tn skins |ier annnm, to slop I.i,<)(i0. as iiiilunted above, in due time to tlieir several des( illations, storing; tlie remainder at Xew Arelian^'el lor u^e in ease of special demands. In (iriler that ibese stored >kiiis niav not spoil in tbe w;irebmi>es yon will make it a ride to skip tbe reserve of eaeli year to Russia in tlicr fullinvin>; yi ar, rejilaeiiiv ibem from tbe new siir|i!us. I'be killiiiL; of small seals sboiild be avoided altogether, if possible, but, if it must be dune, for llie sake uf proeurini]; food, you must lind nn-iiiis of usins tbe skins for eUitbiie,' in tbe (^ilonies, kecpin;^ a stnet wateb to prevent tbeir falHii;; into tiie bands of foreign traders. In tbe opinion of tbe Hoard there eaii be no dillieultyin prepariii;; sueb small skins in tbe Colonies, where so many men are in need of em|dnyment whom we eaii more easily assist in this wav than with direct eharitv. In connection with iniivket for the snuill Aiiiiiinistration wouUl this objeef of finding a seal-skin-, the Board of sk vol! lo iiilroduee their lisr as i.ii »rli<'lc of elolhiiiL; amoiiL; the savaijes of tbe iiortlieni districts, wlio i ay purchase them wil!i other furs, which the Coinpanv could dispose of at a greater jirolit. The principal idijeet in trviiii; to accustom the natives to the use ot small fui-,^eal skins for their clothing is, of course, to prevent their falling into the hands of foreigners. (Signed) V. KLUPFKL. Pi'i'sitliin) Officcy. S. TKMKNKoi', V. /AVollvO. MimlifrD. Revised Translation. very expensive to charter one for that special purpose. ()iily dried sal-skins are in demand at Irkutsk, and they must be .sent by wav of .\yan. The ftoani of .\dininistration therefore rejuests you to make arianijenients so that in future, until there is a possibility of increasing tbe demanL for seal-skins, i.bcnit as many as ')(),<',()() niav be kil'ed in the Cohiides every year, of good quality as above directed, 1.5,000 of which will be sent at the ))roper time to tlieir destination, and tbe remainder kept in reserve at New .\reliangel for the eontingenev of a special demanrl, and, in order that those stored may not be injured by lying so long in tiie warehouses, vou will make it .i rule to ship them the following year to lUissia in exchange for the skins of the new catch which will remain in the warehouses. I'urtberinorc, you will en- deavour, so tar as possible, to kill nunc of the small kinds of seal, but if it is iiinaissiblo to avoid this, yo'i are permitl<d to n-e them for clothing in the t'olouies, taking special care that they are not sold to foreign vessels iiudresseil. In the opinion of the Hui.rd of Administration there will tie no ditlieulty in dressing them in the Col.mies. as then^ are inanv people there in need of work, especially in the distrii-ts, to whom this woidd furnish the means of earning something .\t the same lime, in iirder to lied a market for small seal-skins, the Hoard of AJininistration requests vcni to endeavour to introduce the use of tbeni H.Tiong ih,' savages in tbe north, wirb whom they might be e.\c!:anged .'or furs, the acquisition of which would be of great advantage t<i the • 'omi^anv. In doing tl is we have ebielly in vinv the fact that by this means the savages would aeeustoui themselves to the use of seal-skins for their clo'.hii'.g, and thereby, so far as possible, the the sale of tiieni to foreign vessels would be prevented. (Signed) V. KM;PI''KL, /'iv.tiiliin/ Olfircr. N. TKI'iENKOF, V. ZAVOIKO. ,IA ,,/'"/-. No. M. No. 'M-K Litter from lln- Jiminl iif Ailiiiiuhhufh ,_•/ l/ir HiLisiiiii-Aiiirrii'iin ('uiii/iiini/ In (ap/oit <>/ l/ic lirsl Itiiiik mid Kiiii/lit Sfi/iiin Viissihirilih I'lii/cimilsh/. t'liiej Xl'iiiiiiiir of l/ie l!>is.iiau- Ammniii ('uluiili'H. ll'iitlcii from A I'eters- /iiirij, Jiiiii- Tl, 1857. 1\ reply to vour Kxcellency's despatch No. 11 of the Ittii March, coiieerning the shi])ment of fir-, lo New Vork and .Shaiighae, tbe Hoard uf .Ailministralion has the honour to inform vou that the aiiuial demand for fur-seal skins in Uus'^ia has now imieaseil to 1,},000 dry skins, of whieb 5,00') are for the Kiukbta market ; at this place onK 2,(K)0 be.ivers will he reqiiiicil. The remaining number of fur-seal.-, r_',OI)0 or more. Jirii'cipally salted (in which shape they are pri'l'evredl, you will dispatch in the autumn lo Vlessrs. Lobaeb and Sche|ipler, of New York, iinmeilialely niter IIm arrival of th,' sliip from the districts, wttli.iul snbjcetin;; the skins to any kind (d' ir<'atment li! New Archangel, leaving them just us they are when they arrive from the districts, and in the same puekiigcs. [ILT LiHir fioin the Hoard of Adniiiiinlralioii oj the liiifsiiiK-Aiiiiri'dii (^oin/iuni/ to Cn/dain of the First /ionk and h'iii<i/it Sic/fni Voxs'iliviili'h I'oijnodski/, Chiff Mniini/er nf tin- A'h.«.v/!ih- AiiieriC'iit Ciiloiiien. Il'rittei: from St. J'eteri:- liiiri/, Jiiiir '), 1857. IN replv to your lOxeelieney's despatch No. tl of the ;Uh March, with regard lo sbippii:g fur« to New York and Slmnghae, the lioard of .adminis- tration has lie honour to inform you that the annual demand hir seal-skins in Kussia has now- risen to l.'),000. 5.01 II of which are to be shipped to K'iaehta. Only ',',1)00 river-beaver skins are requind for Kiaclila: ihe reiiminiiig number of seal-skins, sav up lo l.'.OOO and more, preferably salted ones, wlneli an- Nnlned more bigiilv ibcrc, vou are instructed to send t.i New' \ '••:]: to Messrs. Lobaeb ami Shepler, in the autumn, i. •Mcdialelv aflerthe arrival of the \esscls from till districts, without subjecting them lo any prepara- tions at. Ne'v ,\riliangel, and leaving them in the same condition and packed in the same way in which they are received from the districts. o 48 Original TRANaLATioN. Revised Thakslation. At tne samp time the Board ot Administration places upon tlie men in diarjre of scaling can^s the stricti'st injunctions to discontinue the liiliini; of small gray ^eals, and iu no case to ship them away from the Cole nies, since they seriously interfere with jn'ofitable sales of fur-seals in liussia and in foreign markets, wlicrc only the larger skins secure good ])rices (Signed) V. POLITKOVSlvY, Presiding Officer. V. KLUPFKL, A. ETHOLIN, M. TEBENKOF, Members. With rcijard to the river-bcavfr skins the Roard of Administration, although it has received infornniticm that ihe licaver-skins have now fallen in tlie market at New York to 2 r. 72 k. per skin, it still requests you, as the prices arc not high in other j)laces, to ship the said hcaver-skiiis (ex<ept 2,l)(l() which arc needcil for Kiachta) to New York without fail. The Board will ccminuniicate to y(m I'.ercafter eonccrniiif; fnrther arrangements with regard lo the bcaver-skins. Furtlicrmore, the Board of Administration reque:<ta you to send no other furs to New Vork, except, [leiiiaps, white fo.xes. which have gone down to almost nothing at Kiachta. iou nnist send no furs to Shanghae without special instruc- tions. At the same time th'? Board of Administration .also requests vou to give strict instructions to the canoemcn (" bidarkimen ") lo stop, as far as possible, killing tlie small gray seals, and on no account lo sliip them from the Colonies, because they greatly inteifere wilh the |)rofilable sale of scal-skius in Russia and in the for 'ign market, as the large skins alone are in special demand and can be sold at good prices. (Signed)' V. I'OMTKOVSKV, Pmsiiiini/ Offucr. V. KLUPFEL, A. ETIIOLIN. M. TEHKNKOF, Members. No. 27. Letter from the Chief Manager nf the liiis.nnn- American Cohmies to the Hoard nf Admini.ilra- tion of the Susxian-A mtrirnn Covipaiiij. Written from the Colonies, October 7, 1857. Concerning Fur-seals and Beavers. REFERRlN(i to the despatches of the Board No5. fi.SS and C50, dated respectively the 'ith and 10th June, and received on the 7th September of this year, I have the honour lo report that the instructions contained therein in regard to fur-seals and beavers will be carried into elicit r.t once. From the fur-seal skins on hand 1(»,00() have liecn packed and forwarded by the slii|i " Czarevitch " to Kronstadt; 6,000 skins will be put aside for shipment to Kiakhte by way of .\yaii. and the remainder, about ."),()00 skins, not inehiding i^rays, will De forwarded to New York, togellnr with all the beaver-skins which can be collected, except the 2,000 skins destined for Kiakhla. The fur-seal skins require no working over in New Archangel, but when the fact is taken into consideration that they will have to sland the passage across the F.quiitor and the Tropics twice, it will hardly be safe to send tlicni lo .New Vork, as indicated in the despatch of the '?oiir(l. in llu' same iiaekages in which they are received from the various districts, ).<•., in bundles ef several lens ot skins, bimnd by leather straps. According to information received by me from Messrs. Loljeeb and Sheppler, the people at New York were greatly pleased wilh the way in which our skins were forwarded and packed, the same having been received in good order, and it is probable thai it would be better to cimtiinie packing in the same way, and, by way of expcri- No. 27. Letter from ihe Chief .Manager of the Tiunaian- Ameriran Colonies lo Ihe Hoard of Aihninixtra- lion if t/(f Ji'iisniaii-.lnieriruii Vom//(iiiy. II ritten from the Colonics, October 7, 1H,")7. Concerning Fur-Scids and Jk'avi:rs. IN reply to the despatches of the Hoard of Administration (Nos. I!.?.') and (iriO of the .'illi and lOtli June of this year), received on the 7lb Sep- tember, I have the honour to report that in lutiire the instruelions with rc:;ard to seals and river- beavers given in those despalches will be I'arried into due execution. lUit of the seal-skins now on hand iD.OOtt are packed up, which will he sent by the shij) '• Cesarevileh " to Kronstadt. 5.01)0 will be .set apart for shipment to Kiiichta liv wav of .Ayan, and the remainder, of which 'here will be about 0.000 1 leaving out the small grav seal-skins), will be sent lo New York, together with as maiiv bcaver-skins as can be collected after putting aside 2,000 of them for Kiachta. The seal-skins need no prcjiaration at New Archangel, but it would hardly be safe lo ship them to New York in the same packing 'as direcled in the despatch of the Hoard of Admiiiistrationj in which they are received from the districis — that is to say, lied up only with straps in bundles of several lens each — owing lo the fact that they must bear transpm-tation twice across the Iropics and the Equator. From information received by me frnm Messrs, I.obach and Sbepler, of New York, thev are very well satisticd with the paciiing in which our goods were shipped there, as they arrived in ^oofl eonditioii, and it would probably be betler, in .sending gonds in the previous packing, lo send only one or two bundles its an experiment in the Oricinal Thanslation. inent,to ?pnd two or three ]);icknc;cs in llip condition in whicli tliey are reeeivoil friirii tlie (-(jioniiil dis- tricts. Messrs. Loliccli n.id Shcppler iidvised lliiit in pacKiii;; llu; sliiiis sl'ould not lie folded on account of tlu'ir liabili';. id bre^ik at tlie folds; this a<lvice wil) I'c fr-Ilowed ill kitiuv in sliipping of skins aroinid ;lie world. The [ialtinu of fur-seals, which had been stopped by order of the Hoard, will he renewed next year : but inasniiieh as the orders to thai effect will reach ;he Ish.nds of .St. I'aul and St. (leori;e not carli<'r than in llu> sunnner of that year, the receipt of a sntiieient n'.iinher of salted shins from those islands in the same year cainui' be guaranteed. The experiment of saltin;; fiir-.seal skins in New Arehan;.;cl will also lie made. In rrffan' to ,^'ray seals, I have the honour to express the opinion that tlie nninber of such seals taken shonld be iiicrea.sed. Until now, onlv sucli number of these seals was taken as was necessary for obtainins; bluhher to supply the wants of the Aleuts on the islands and to send to St. Viicliael's Itedouht in cxihanijc lor skins furnished by the independent natives, but of late the demand lor bhilibcrin Xeu .Vrchanijel itself has been on the increase by reason of the increase in the number of steamers and ei'^ines. The blubber to be found in this market comes verv hinb, and in order to reduce the expense I sent orders to the Islands of St. I'anI and St. Oeorne fir suiiplies of fur-seal bin' ' it, and have now received about a thousand ins of seal oil, tlie cost of which a( San Franii -i would be nliout 8,000 pajier roubles. In view .f the a!):ive-stated considerations, while issuinj^' orders for the suppression, as far as practicable, of the killing of small gray seals, lit only l:ir oil and meat, as winter supplies, 1 find it necessary to re(|uest detinite instructions from the Hoard of Adiniiustration as to the absolute suspension of such killinu;. Should, however, the Hoard, in Tiew of the above-stated eir<'uinstanc 's, authorize the killing of ^ray seals in such (piantities as may i)e necessary for the supplies ol blubber and meat reipiired i)y the natives and residiuits on the Islinds of St. Paul and St. (ienr^e, in such case the (|uestion will arise as to the ilisposition of the skin. Al the present time, there are about ."i.OOO such skiiiS in the warclunise, and if about ,i,OIIII skins a-vear be taken, then in a lew years a (piantity will be accumulated which will require a <'orre- spoiidniglv large phice of stor.age, I am inclined to the opinion that in case thi> sending of such skins to Russia and f ireigii markets should |)rove unprolitablc.an allempt might be made l<i disi.ose of them in the Colonies for making garments and coals, which, if the tanning is gootl, may be sid)stituted for sheep-skm <'oats. .\s an experiinetit a few gariueiits might be mailc from the skins now lying unused in warehou.ses. Ill conclasion. I have the lininnir to report to tin' Hoard of Administration tiial, aeconliiig to information now rceriv-d, the fur-seal rookeries in all places, but particularly on the Isl.iiid of St Paul, are so crowded that all ,i'ailalile points ReVI.SED TRANSLATIOir, packing in which they are receivel from the districts of the f'olonies. .Messrs. Lobaeh and Shepler advise nic, in packing the skins taken, not to double them bteaiise they break at the folds, by wliieii advice I will be guided in f itiire in shipping goods around the world. The salting of the seal-skins, which was sio|)ped by order of the Hoard of .Administration, will be recommenced next year; but as tlic iiisirue- tions on this subject will reach the Islands of !St. Paul and St. (Icirgc ordy in the summer of next year, it is impossible to guarantee tliat wc shall be aide tii procure a sutHeient <iuaiitity of salted seal-skins next year. The experinii'iil of salting the skins at New Archangel will also be made. Witli regard to the small ^rav seal-si.:ins, I have the honour to express the opinion that oily such a number of them have been killed hitherto as was necessarv to procure the oil, the deniai d for which, without speakiini of the unavoidable necessity of supplying lln^ Aleuts on the ishnnls and ill shippini; a quantity to Fort Michael for exchange for furs with the savages th.eie, is in- creasing in New .\rchangcl itself, owing to the increased nundicr of steamers and steam-engines. The oil purchased costs very dear : hence, having in view the greatest possible economy in the expenditure of monev, 1 made arrangements on the Islands of St. Paul and .St. fieorge to procure oil from the seals, and about 2.')0 buekc ts of it have been receivc<l. The ])urehase of this qnantitv nf oil at San Kraneisco would Iiavc cost about ^,iHi(» paper roubles. I' 1, the above-nieiitionid rcasuiis, allhou;;li I am making .arrangements i t stopping the killing of small t;i:iy seals, so fai - possible, they being oidy fit to Inriiisb oil and -applies of meat neces- sary for the winter, still, I tiiid it necessary to respectfully request the Hoard of Admiin.stralioii to give me deliniti' instructions with regard to entirely stopping tin illing of this kind of seal ; hut if the Hoard .Vdmmistration should see fit, ni consideratiiin of the eircun',stam:es men- tinned, to jicrmit me to kill so many of the small gray seals as may be nei'essary to procure oil and supplies of meat lor the wini ; for ti;e inhaliitaMts of the Islands 'of St. Pani and St. George, in that ease the question would arise as to the disposition to be made of the skins of these small animals. At the present lime there are about ,"i,IMIO of them in the w.irehoiises, and by taking .!,000 every year a considerable number may accumulate in a few years, lequiring a corresponding space for storage, I suggest that, if it is not yet expedient to send grav seal-skins to Uu.ssia ami to hireigii markets for .sale, then we might try the experi- ment of using them in the Colotiies for robes and overcoats, wdiieli, after biiiig well dresKC<l, might take the place of the common sheop-skiu cuats. Bv way of cxperiiiu'ut a few robes might be made of these skins, wliieli so tar reinain unuseil in the warehouses. In conelusion, I have the honour to report to the Hoard of .\dir,iiiist ration that, from in- hirnuition wliii'h has miw been received, the seal rookeries everywhere, and especially on the Island of St, Paul, have increased to such an extent 50 OnioiKAL Tbaxslation. for breeding arc filled, adoquate, so that nn is (IccMiicd iiidi-ipciisablc into oHoct ni'xt ve:ir. and tlii'V appear to be extension of tlic catch : and tliis will be earvied Kevised Tkaxsiation. that all tbc places wliieli tln'y frccpient. are entirely filled, and lliere is sueli a need of room for tbcin that it is necessary to inerense considerably the number of seals kdled; and tliis shall lie done next vear. Xo. 28. 'So. 1'.^. Letter from ilie Chief Mmici/ir of l/ic liufxinn- Aiiicrici'ii ('(Joiiif.i III tlie li<i'ir</ nf Ailiiiinislra- tioiiqf the l'xx.1} :n-Aiihrh'ii) Coiii/iiini/. Ilritleii I'rimi tlir Ciiloiiien, .liuiiuiri) 13, IS.-jO. Vvnreriiiitti Fur-Seals. IX accordance villi the instructions of the Board of Administration in despatch Xo. (!!)", dated the "illi June. IS.'iH, and received on the id Kovendicr. there \vere sent the ship " Kamcbatliii," in addition In the Kl.ddd onlircd by former in-'lruclions, lO.fldl skins whii'h liad been prepared and (lacked l)ef(n'c the vcccipl of despatch Xo. (ill7. lor sliipmcnt to X'ew York; thereafter there remained .i.fiOO drv skins and 1,1 7G salted skins. \vhi''h are now sent per bri;; '■Kadiak"lo San Krancisco, hir Iransniission to Messrs. Lohach and Slu'pph'r. In rei^ard to tlie impiiry of tl'.e Hoard as to the number of fur veals which inif^ht be taken annually in the Colonies witiiont ileirinu'nt to the ])rcscrvaliun of the species and to the rookeric-, ! Iiave the Honour to rejiorl thai, accordin^ to information rei'cived from the Manager of the I'ribylolV Isl.ands, where llie most imporlant rookeries arc sitnaled, and from the Commander Islands, the numbers of seds on all the rookeries have increased to sucii an extent as to render the space (piile inadequate, and tliat it would Ix <|tufe jxivsihlc to take from all I he rookeries a total of 7(1,0(11) skins in mie si'msou, ineludiiiij the !;ravs, hot that, in order tolalcc Mich qnanlilv, it would he necessary t'l increase llie nnnilier of se-ders on the I'ribylutl Islands, and I he supply of firewood tor the (iryini; of the sUins. It may he jxisilively slated that the taking of 7(>.()(1() d<ins each year lor a lonu; ])erioil to come will not result in the impoverishinent of the rookeries. Li'tln- frrm tlie >'l)hf Maiifnji'r of tin: Jtn.ixicu- Amerieini t'olnnien tt> the llditnl (if Aitiiiinh- Irutiiiu if tlie Hii.i.iiiiii-AmerieiiH >'oii'/»iiii/. U'rilleii from Hie ('oloiiien. Jiuiimrij Hi, l«5i). Ci'iieeriiiiii/ FiirScuh. In .accordance witli the instructions of the Board of Adinini^tralion ijiven in des|)atch \o. i;;i7 of ibe ."lib ,lnne. |s.">s. received on the ^nd Xovendicr, r.esidcs the Id.Odli seal-skins ordered bv previous instructions, ;d,(i(il were sent by the ship "Kanichalka" of those which had heen |ne])ared and ]).ick('(l ])rior to the ri'ceipt of despalch Xo. (i'.ir for shipnu'nt lo Xcw York, and there slill remain .i.CdO dried and l,17(i suited skins, which will now be sent by tbc iiarque " Kailiak ■' lo San Francisco, to be forwiirdeu to Mcssrv. [.obaeli and Shepler. "Willi rcf;ar<l to the question of the Board of .Administration as to what number of seals may be killed evcrv year in the Colonies without detri- ment lo Ihe preservalioo of the species and nlthout imjioverishin^ the rookeries, I hav. the honour to report that, as is evident from the Kc|)orts of ihe (ioverners of the I'ribylolV Islands, where the principal seal rookeries are focnd, and even those of tlie Commander Tshmd.s. the seals have increased in numbers on all the accessible places to such an extent that the areas occupied by iheni appear crowded, and it is evident from ihesc Heports that it would he possible (o kill in nil these places, ineliidiiiLt the small i,'ray seals, as many as 7d.""", "nd even more; hut for this it would he necessarv to increase the number of hunters, and to furnish n .sutlicient supplv of wood to tl'.e I'rilivlolV Islands for dryini; the skins. ll mav he said with certainty thai no im- poverishment of the rookeries will appear for a lonu: lime from the killing of as many as 7'U)(I0 fur-seals. Xo. -"J. Xo. 2'.). Litlir Iriiiii i'liphii I uf the First /I'aiil: nml Kiiiyht /run \'ii:,sUiirilili Fiiriihelin. Chief Maniii/er of Ihe linsaiiui-Aiiiericiiii I'oloiiief, to the Jloiiril of .liliiiiiii.itriilioii of Ihe Hii.~!<i'iii-Anierieiiii Coiii- j'lini/. Written friiiii Ihe Volumes, May 13, 1860. ! Il.AVK (he liononr to submit to you herewith a lisl of iln lins oblaiiied during llie past year from Ihe dislricb, of llie Colonies, from whieli the Ho.ird will le.irn llie lullowii,^: — h'.ight hundred and ninely-two more sea-otters weie killed ihan in Ihe year IK.IS. There has not hceu s.) miod a season since 1>>lt,and the ioerea.se is conlli.cd to llie Kadia'v dlslrief, Unalaska, and Uriipa. With reference to the scn-ntter industry, Ihe Kadiak ollicc reports to me that pursuant lo the Letter f mm (\iptiiin of the First liiiiih iiinl Kiiii/ht Iriiii \'<i.i.iilieri/eh Fiirnhehii, Chief Mumii/i r of the Jliis.ii'iii-Aiiii rieiiii Colniiies. In the Ihiiinl of Ailiiiinislruliiiii of tin' liiitxinii-Aiiierieitn Ci'iiipniii/. llri lien from the Culvnieg, Mini IJ, 18(10. I HAVE the honour to present herewith a Table of the skins procn.ed lasl year from the districis if llie Ci'ionies, from which the Hoard of Ailniiiiistralion will .see that, 8!)'.' more sea-otters were killed than in 1 J^.^.S. 'J'liere has not been such a ricli calcli siiicc^ I8tl,aiul I his increase was owing entirely lo ihe numiier killed in the K'adiak dis- Iriet, a( L'nakisl.a, and ut Urn)i. .\s regards the oiler catch, the Kadiak factory has reported lo iiic that the Chugatches, living ut . ()l!Ii;lN"AI, TllANSLA'lluN. 61 T!r,\i.-<i;i) Tiiansi.ation. arrniigcments made by my predecessor tlie 01ni;{ntcli people living in the vicinity of the Kon- stantin Redoubt, Imvo been permitted to hunt independently of the general huntini^' party, in places known only to themselves. On their arrival nt Kadink, however, it appeared that (hey had been hunting on grounds upon which a close season had been ])roclaime(l for ISoO, and where our jirineipal party was to have hunted during the current year. Under such unfortunate cir- cumstances, i cannot hojie to meet with the same success in the sea-otter industry as Kear-Admiral Voyevodsky aUiiined during the last year of his management of the Colonies. Of beavers 7fiO more were killed last year tlian in IS^.'jH. Tlie annual diflcrence in the figures of this industry depends altogether upon local and climatic circumstances, to wliieh the northern natives are more or less exposed. The excess of this year over last came chiefly from St. Michaels and the Kolmakovsky Redoubts. Cas- toreums also show an excess of 4^0 l)air over 18.'-. H. Of fur-seals the output was 11,100 less than in IS'iH. The reason for this decrease given by the Manager of the Island of St. I'aul is the late spring, during which the females were pre- vented liy ice from reacliing their haiiling-p;rounds and thereby lost tlieir young. In explanation of this occurrence I inclose a co|)v of a Report of Mr. Rcpin, the Manger of the island. 1 have diapatciicd Lieutenant V\ ehrnian, of the Im])erial Navy, to superintend the new buildings on St. Paul Island and to reorganize the labouring force, wliieh had become demoralized to a certain extent. An excess of 1,113 in this year's output over that of last year appeared as to foxes, and of 1,1 7'l as to blue fo>es. .\ decrease ap))cars in lynx of 178 and in sables of 21'J. According to the Report of the Manager of Copper Island, sea-otters are increasing there, and I have issued the strictest orilers to prevent their being disturbed. On .AlUa Isla.id a decrease in sea-otters has necessitated declaring a close season. Only 1 poud .3f> lbs, of walrus ivory have been received. The manager of Unga Island roportij that on the Tiotthern side of the .Vlaska I'l'niiisuliU • in Moller Hiy, .'lOO lli>. were 'jhtpiiuil- ih .\SJ(i' and ls,)7, anil sinrcd lliere. On his visji'.ttt JMollei- Hay. in |N.')8, the ivory was not found.'tlie. walrus rookery had been dc.sti:6yi)d;.,;ii(d the store-' house burned. Who conimitttid' Ihni robberN-'is not known, but a few pieces of pilot breid and other remnants of food, as well as au oar from a wlialc-hoat and tracks of boots, point to the eonnnission of the deed i)y whalers. 'I'liis I have the honiiur to report lo til;' llouid of .\dininistrutiun. Fort Constantine, were permitted, with the con- sent of my predecessors, to carry on this hunting, apart from the party sent out by the factory, in places known to them alone : after their arrival at Kadiak, however, with a very large number of sea-otters, it appeared that in the summer of 185!) they had hunted in places where there was a close time, and where it will be necessary to send a party from Kadiak this year. After such an oecurreiicc, unfortunately, I do not hope to have as successful results from the hunting as Ilear- Admiral Voyevodsky in the last year of his administration of the Colonies, .Seven hundred and sixty more river-beavers were killed than in IS.jS. llie yearly variation in the figures of this indu.stry depends entirely on local climatic causes, which favour the northern savages more or less in their hunting. This increase, as compared with the number taken last year, was gained at h'orts Michael and Kolnia kovsky. Four hundred and seventy more pairs of eastoreums were taken than in 1858, Eleven thousand one hundied and sixty fewer fur-seals were killed than in 1M")8, The Governor of the Island of St. Paul assigns as the cause of their decrease the lateness of the sjjring, owing to which the cows, in forcing their way to the rookeries over the ice, lost their young. I have sent Lieutenant Verman to the Island of St. Paul to attend to various commissions and to put an end to some disturbances there arising from relaxation of discipline. Foxes killutl in exresd uf 1858 . . Whilo fnjcs ill f\oe.-s of 1H5S . . I.yn.xe.^, frwcr lli;in in 1H58 Sftblos in cxtT^s of 1S5H 1,H3 1,174 178 219 On Copper Island, according to the Governor's Report, the sea-otters arc increasing in numbers, and very strict orders are now given not to disturb tliein until tlie decrease of that animal ill t!ie Government of the Island of .Uka renders a close time iieccssar\ there. Only 1 puoil of walrus fiisks w.is received. The (iiivernor of the Island of Unga lias reported (o r.ii' that on the iiortlicrii side uf the peninsula of .M'lska. ill Mollerovsky Hav, tusks to the amount of ."lOO ponds were taken in the course of .iriifl ,)7,:an.J \verc stored there. On my arrival •,<t Alojictcvsky Bay, in lS."iH, the tusks which had hecn <'ollected were missings the walrus niokerics had been ruined, and everything had liecii burned. It is not known who stole the tusks, but tlieie were found \vhite hiseuits. provisions, a whale-boat oar, ami the prints of boots, wliicli proved that it was tin; whalers, 1 have the honiiur to report this to the Board of .Vlministralion. '"/','/ ';/ /<'/fii' "/ /'(pill. Miiiiiigir 01 llif hlaii'l oj SI. I'mil.iliit,,! Iliv '201/1. Iiiii'c. I ><■>'.>, addressed tu I lie C/tie/' Miinaijcr. Most (iracious Sir, 1 write to you to let you know that I received all your orders and instructions, and also other instructions froiu the captain of the steamer. [117] (Not in Russian text.) OkIGINAL TUAXSLATION. 1 see that you wish me to have killed on hoth islands not less than 60,000 fur-seals of various grades. I would say to you, most gracious Sir, that, in my opinion, it would not be advisable to kill so large a number this year on St. Paul Island. The female seals came this year in May at the usual time after the " selvntclics " had landed. Only a few had come ushore, when, with a strong north-west wind, the ice came from the north. It closed around the islands and was kept there by the wind for thirteen days. The ice was much broken and was kept in motion by the sea. It is an actual fact, most gracious Sir, that the femalej could not reach the shore through the ice. Some of" the Aleuts went out as far as it was safe to go on the larger pieces of ice, and they saw the water full of seals. Wlien tiie nortli-west gale ceased, the ice remained for nearly a week longer, being ground up in the heavy swell, and no females could land. A few " sekatches " tried to go out to sea, but did not succeed. On the 10th June tlie first females began to land, but they came slowly, and it was very ln.te v/hen the rookeries began to till. Very few of the females — no more than one out of twenty or twenty-five — iiad their young after they came ashore. Nearly all must have lost them in the water, as for many weeks since tlie ice went away the bodies of young seals have been washed up by tlie sea in thousands. Tliis misfortune I must humbly port to you. it was not the work of man, but ' ' (iod. Your very humble servant, (Signed) IVAN KEPIN. Mantii/er of St. Paul Island. RkVISED TnANSI.ATION. (Not in Ilussian text.) No. 30. No. 30. Lf.tter frnm Cnptnin of the First Kunk niid Kniyhl Ivan Vin'x'du'yitch Fun/lieliii, Chirf MniiaiKr of the J'lixsian-Amcriiiiii ('(/hmits, to l/w Board of Admiiilstralioi: of Ihf Ititss'nin-Americnn Com- pamj. Written from tlw Colonies, Jul'j K>, 186,!. . , Letter from Captnhi of Ihr Firft Clasa find Kniyhl Ivan J^i!ssilievi(r/i Fiiyiihifiii. C/iirf Maniii/er of the. Rnnsian-Aniericnn Colonics, to the Honed of A(lniini.itrtdion of the Rii^sian- American Com- 'jianij: ' Written from the (.'olonics, .lalij 16, 186d. ,■ ■ • IN reply to tiio communication a'ddrc'ssed to my ])Viak'fossor by the Board of .•\(lmini.stn,tiui'. on rim Hist .January of this year. No. Ill, I have the honour to submit, for your consideration, tlic suli- joined statement of tlie cost of preparing the dried and salted fur-seal skins : — Hequiued for the Drying of Seal-skins. R. k. Wiiod fur ,'arli 1,000 skin?, '1\ fattioms, making flic cost of each skill .. .. .. .. ,. 2 85 For tyiiie thi> buniU'- of 100 sl,iiis, 12 arsliiii sea-Hoii liiili' straps (a iiicdiunu'.izcd skin worth 4<l knpe(-ks yields 1(1 arthiii straps), making for one skill .. ,. 10 Total ■> gj C)r 3 00 To this we must add the pay of the Aleuts for each bacbelor 8eal-skin .. ., .. .. .. 75 00 Total ;g 00 NOTING, for immediate execution, tlie con- ■tents'df (k's)';'.,(h No. Ill of the .ilst .lanuary, IHO.'i, from the lioard of Administration, I have the honour to submit, for tiic Honnl's considera- tion, the following estimates as to tiie cost of preparing the dried and salted seal-skins : — IlEQTJtRED for the Drying of Seal-skins. It. k. M'ood for each 1,000 skills, 'i\ futlioms, makin)? the cost of lach skin 2 85 For tying 'lie hunillf <if 100 skins, 12 arshin sea-lion hith' strips (a niediilm-Bistcd skin, worth 40 kopecks, yieldis 10 arshin straps;, luakiui; for one skill .. .. 10 Total 2 9S Or 03 To this we must add the pay of tho Aleuts for each bachelor seal-skin .. ,, ., ,, ,, 0^5 Total 78 The frames are always prepared in Sitka, and are sp.nt to the islands. Their cost is not calcu- lated, on account of its insignificance. R. k. '.' 85 in 2 9.'> 03 ORIOINAL TBAN81ATI0N. IiEQUinED for the Salting of Seal-skins. R. k. The roskd contain an avcrnge of 73 skins, and rost 5 rou» bU'ii: th«- iron linups nnil loalpningit weigh 17 pounds, nistiiiK Cr. eUk.; n total uf 1 1 r. 8(1 k.: making fur one hkin .. . . . . . . . . .* ..0 16 For till* proliminiry snltini; on the islands 3i pouds of salt are ui^ed for carh skin ; durinif the final saltiof^ in New Archangel, 8 ponds of salt ore nddid to enrh cask of 73 skins, making 4 *4 ponds for ejeh skin ; a total of 7 -9 ponds of solt 79 For tying earh skin 1^ zol, twine.. ., .. *. 02J Fur till! wear and te^r of cooper's instruments and ina. teriu), approximately for LMcli skin .. .. .. 01 Total 98 To this must be uddid the pay of the Aleuts for each bachelor fur-seal ^kin .. .. .. .. .. 75 Total 1 73 Conccrniir; tlic p occsscs employed in pre- paration according to botli methuds, I imve the honour to report to the Board of Administra- tion : — Tlie dried fur-seal skins are prepared as follows: After sep:iratiiig the skin from the meat and carefully removing the l)lul)l)er, the skin is stretched upon a frame, remaining thus until it is finally dried. After removing the skin from the frame it is folded twice lcngtl;\vise and packcil in bales containing from ."lO to 100 skins, according to size, and finally the hales are bound with sea-lion straps. The salted fur-seal skins are treated as follows, in iiccordance with the instnictinns of Mollison, inclosed in a despatch of the Hoard of Admini- stration, No. .SI, of the C,5th. .Fanuary, IHGO: .\ftcr the skins are removed atid stripped of meat or fat, lliey are strewn W'tli salt and stacked in kenclies. Later, when the lahmircrs have more time, the s'vins are tiiken from the 1. enelies, and the inner side of each skin covered wltli a thick laver <if salt. Another skin is laid on top of this with its inner side down. .\ny protruding edges of the skins are apt to spoil, being removed from the inlluence of the salt ; consequently ihey are carefully doul>led in and both skins together rolled into a cylimlrical shajK'. This roll is then lashed with strong seine twine, riually the rolls arc a';aiii tied together in buniiles of from five to ten. Though the labour of carrying the skins on the shoidders of men and women, th? carrying of salt from the beach to the salt-houses, and later the carrying of the he.avy .salted skins Irom the ma;;a/,lne to the hcai'h to be loaded into bidara-i for transmittal to the ship is very yreat.yet the jirocess of drying presents still greater (iitticulties on account of the constant fog and niin |)ievailino: on the Ihibyloff Islands. Il ni.-.y be positively stilted that of the 2.'),(;(K» dried skins prepared aiinUiillv on these islands less than onc-lifth <'an be dried in the air. The remainder are dried in sod houses by the means of tires, or ni I he huts of the. Men ts, which are anyway too sum!! anil ill-venti- lated. I'or this reason, and also on account of the ditheultyof obtaining wood in quantities sullicieut for the dryiiig of seal-skins, the salting by the Mollison method offers the greatest advantage. Revised Transl.vtion. Uequired for the Salting of Seal-skins. R. k. Tlie casks rontain an arernge of 73 skins, and cost ,'t rou- bles; the iron hoops and fisteiiin^'s weigh 17 ponnils, costing Cr. 80 k.; n total of 1 1 r. SOk.: making for one skin .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. IG For the rpeliniinary salting on the islands, .''.J pounds of salt are used for each skin; during the final salting at New .\reh.-ingel, 8 pouds of salt are added to each cask of 73 skins, making 4 't pounds for rn -h skin; a total of 7 '9 pounds of salt 79 For tying eaeii skin, l^zol. twine .. .. ..0 02j^ For tlie wear and tear of eloper's tools and material, approximately, for e,ich ikin .. .. .. .. 01 Total 98i To this must be added the pay of the Aleuts for earii bachelor seal-skin . . . , . . . . . . 75 Total 1 734 Concerning the processes employed in the preparation of the skins, according to both methods, I have the hoii'iiir to report to the Board of Administration : — The dried .;eal-sl>ins are prepared as follows: After separating the skin from the meat and carefully removing the blubber, the skin is stretched upon a frame, remaining thus until it is finally dried. After removing the skin from the frame it is folded twice lengthwise am! jiacked in bains containing from ."lO to 100 skins, accord- ing to size, and iinally the hales arc bound with sea-lion straps. The salted seal-skins, in accordance with Mollison's i)roccss, inclosed in the despatch of the BoiM'd of Adminij-tration (No. 81 of the '.'."jth ■Tauuary, 18(50), arc prepared in th<^ following way : After the skins arc reuioveil and stripped of meat, they are strewn with salt and stacked in kcnches with the others; later, when the labourers have more time, the skins arc taUeti from the kenclics.and the inner side of each skin is ccvered with a thick layer of salt, .\uother skin is laid on top of this with its inner side down. 'I'he edges of the skins are turned up vn the outer side, so as not to let the salt fall out; thev are roiled U|i into round binulleswith the fur side out, and are strongly lied with seine I wine. After- wards these bundles arc ticil t'fgcthcr in packages of from live to ten bundles each. Though the labour of carrving the skins on the shiudders of men aiul women, the carrying of .salt from the beach to the salt-honscs, and later the carrying of the heavv salted skins t'rom the ware- house to the beach, to be loaded into baiilaras for transmission to the ship, is very great, still the processof drying presctit* still l; renter (lifticulticsoii account of the constant fog anil rain ])revnilin.; 0-1 tl'.e I'ribylotV Isl.uids. It mav be ])ositivelv sla'cd that of the ^."i.OOO dried skins pre])ared annu.diy on these islands, only onc-lifth can be driej in the open air. The remainder arc dried in sod houses, by means of tires, or in the huts of ti c Aleuts, which arc alri;idy cramped and sutfocatinj. For this reason, and also on account of the dillieulty of ol)tainin::; wood in cpiantitics sidlicient for the drying of scid-skins. the salting by the Mollison method offers the greater advantage. 75 64 OlIKJINAL TnANSI.ATIO.N. No. 31. llEVI.sKIi 'I'|;ANSI.AT|I)N. No. 31. Letter from the Chief Mima/ier of the lliiasitin- Letter from the Chief Mumiyer of the liusiian- Antericaii Culonien to the Maiuiyer of the hlaiid Atiierinin Colonies Id the Mamiyir of the Islaiiit St. I'liiil. Written from i:itl<u, Mail 1, of Si. J'aul. Wrtllen from Silkti, May \y of IHGl. YOU II Reports, forwarded last year by tlie steani-sliip " Koiistaiil'm "and tlic l)air|iic " I'riiiro Mensliiliof," Imvc been received, and, in reply, I give you t)ie foUnwirii; instructions ;— As to No. 21>. Last year yon were instructed to fill requisitions of the .Munaiiir of Unalaslia Island in n certain contingency. Instructions liavc now been yivcn to tlie Mana:,'cr of tlie Island of St. Gpoiije liercafter to furnish I'nalaska with local products, ami it will be vour duly as hereto- fore to see to the supplv of IochI jiroducts for Sitka and St. Michael's Ucdoul)t. As to Xos. .30. .'51. For want of space on the brig '■Shclikof" I was unable to i;rurit iierniission to Mrs, Iraida Herman to visit this year the Island of St. Paul, and for the same reason I could not send you a cow or a bull. As to No. S'Z. In my instructions No. 21!* of last year I determined the number of fur-seals skins to be taken by you in each year. By order of the Board of .Vdministratioti 1 revoki said instruc- tions No. 219, as well as all ])revious instructions concerning the catch ' f fur-seals. I now direct you to take liereaftcr annually .nbout 70,000 fur- seal skins, of which 125,000 shall be dried, and the remaining 45,000 salted according to the new directions in your pos.-icssion. The 70,000 skins now ordered to be prejiared you must take oidy in ease no decrease in the nnnibei-s of the animals is ob.served, otlierwisc you must immediately advise nie for the purpose of having the nundjcr reduced with a view to l)reserve fur-seals for subsc(|uent years. .■\s these instructions will reacli you late in the season, and as you will consequently be unaldc to prejiare the whole quantity of fur-seal .skins noh required, I liavi' to request that you will endeavour to take and salt not less than 10,000 skins during the time occupied by the trip of the vessel from St. Paul to St. Michael's Kedoul)t and back, and to put them on board of the vessel on her second visit to the island. L.ist year vou sent onlv lO.OOO dried skins, while the order was to send about 20,000. in future you must endeavour to strictly fill the orders. As to No. 31. You will make a report to niv Buccessor as to the rewards to deserving emplovi's. He -vill probably visit your islainl in the course of tnis year. As to No. ;!(). I thank you for your efforts in regard to the vaccination of the irdiabilants, and I request that you will not neglect the matter in future. In regard to your request for the admission of your son to the (ieneral Colonial School of the Cinnpany at the Company's expense, I have to inform you that this school is not fully organized for the reception of boarders, and I therefore advise you to place your son as a boarder with one of your sisters here who receive pensions; your son when residing at Sitka can attend the tichool on the same terms as the ilay pu[)ilb of the Company. The brig " Sbelikof " will carry to vou a cargo of supplies which you will discharge, tending on 1864. Y'OUIl Keports, forwarded last year by the steam-ship" l-'onstantine '"and the barque" Prince ^lenshikof," have been received, and. in reply, I give you the following instructions : — As to No. 2'.i. Last year you were instructed to fill requisitions of the ilanager of Unalaska Island in a certain ccnitingency, and instrui'tions liave now been given to the ^Manager of the Island of St. George hereafter to furnish I'nalaska with necessary supplies, and your duties include, as heretofore, the furni.shing Sitka and Fort Michael with supplies. As to Nos. ;5(l. .'il. For want of space on the brig •' Sbelikof" 1 was unable to grant permission to Iraida Herman to visit the Island of St. Paul this year, and for the same reason I could not send you a cow and a bull. As to No. .32. In my instructions No. 21!) of Inat year I determined the number of fur-seal skins to be taken by you in each year. By order of the Board of Administration I revoke said instructions No. 249, as well as all previous instructions concerning the catch of fur-seals, and I now direct you to take hereafter annually as many as "0,«MM) fur-seal skins, 2.'i,O0() of which must be dried, and the remaining 45,000 salted recording to the new directions in your posses- sion. Y'ou must take the 70.000 skins now ordered to be prcpjired only in case no deercuse in the numbers of the animals is observed; other vise you must immediately advise nu' for the purpose of having the Mundier reduced with a view to the preservation of the seals for the years to come. As these instructions will reach you late in the season, and as you will consequently be unable to prepare the whole quantity of fur-seal skins now required, 1 have to request that you will endeavour to take and salt not less than 10,000 skins during the time occupied bv the trip of the vessel from St. Paul to Fort Michael ami back, and to ]nit them on board of the vessel on her second visit to St. Paul. Last year you sent only I4.(H)0 dried skins, while the order was to send about 2O.(H)0. In future you nmst endea^'our to strictly iill the orders. As to Xo. 31. You will make a report to my successor as to the rewards to zealous en.ployi's. lie will probably visit vour island in the course of this year. As to No. .56. I thank you for your efforts in regard to the vaccination of the inhabitants, and 1 request that you will not neglect the matter in future. In regard to your retpu'st for the admission of your son to the Coloidal Public School as a Companvs boarder, I have to inform you that that school is not yet fully prepared for the reception of boarders, and I therefore advise you to place your son in the house of any of your sisters who are m)w receiving pensiinis; your son, while living at Sitka, can attend the school on the same terms as all the new-comers v.ho are not the Coni|)any's pupils. The annual supplies are sent you by the brig '• Sbelikof:" unload the cargo and deliver to the 55 OmoraAL Translation. tlie same vessel the accumulated furs as well ns your Ueports. Besides this vessel, you will be visited by the steamer " Konstantin " on her return trip from Nusliagak : this vessel will bring yoii about 2,500 pounds of salt, and probably some lo^s. I have ordered skippt. Archimandritof to proceed by this brig for an inspection of the island under your care ; you are therefore directed to comply with all his requests. Revised Translation. brig all your skins and your Reports. Besides this vessel, you will be visited by the steamer " Constantine " on her return voyage from Nushagak ; this vessel will bring you about '2J)W> poods of salt, and probably some lumber. I have ordered the Russian skipper Archi- mandritolf to proceed by this brig to inspect the island under your charge ; yuu are therefore directed to comply with all his requests.' [117] Q ( 66 ) Despatch from Mr. Adams to Mr. Rush, July 22, 1823. [Till' I'.virwts from this (Uspatcli wliicli iippt'iir on iip. fi und 7 of Vol. II, Part 2, of the Appendix to the British Ciisi' were Iiikcn from pji. 212 ;incl 213 of Sinato Ivv. Doc. No. 106, .")0'.li Congress, 2nd ftt".sion. The following is llio compU'te version yivcii at p. 4'.)l) of the Unitfil Slates' Stnlu Papers, Vol. \'.] Mr. Adams to Mr. Mudi. (No. 70.) Sir, DejMHmcnt of Slnte, IVmhiiiiflon, Jidi/ 22, 1823. AMONO tlip subjects of negotiation with (iruat liritaiii wliieli aru pressing upnii tlio attention of this (iovernmeiit is tlic present condition of the norlh-we.st coa.st of this continont. This inlore.st is comiected, iu a manner heeoniiiif; from day to day more important, with cjur territorial riglits ; with the wliole system of onr intereoiirse witli the Indian tribes; with the boundary relations between us and the British Xorth American dominions ; with the fur trade ; the lisheries in the Pacific < )cean ; the commerce with the Sandwicli Islands and China ; witli our l)Oundary upon Mexico ; and, lastly, with our political standing and intercourse with the Kussiun Empire. liy the Illrd Article of tlie Convention between the United States and (ireat Britain of the 20th October, 1818, it is agreed that any " country that may Ije claimed by either ])arty on the north- west coast of America, westward of the Stony Mountains, .sha'l, together with its harljours, Ijays, and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within the same, be free and open, for tlie term of ten years from the date of the .signature of the (Convention, to the vessels, citizens, and subjects of the two Powers, it being well understood that this Agreement is not to be c<instrued to tin; prejudice of any claims which eitlier of tlie two Higli Contracting Parties may have to any jiart of llie said country, nor shall it be taken to allect the chiinis of any oilier Power or Stale to any |)art of the said country, the only object of the High Contracting Parties in that respect being to prevent ilisputes ami differences annjugst themselves." On tlie 6th October, 1818, fourteen days before the signature of this Convention, tbt! Settlen.cnt at the mouth of Columbia Kiver had been formally restored to the United States by order of iho British Government. — (.Message of the President of the United States to the House of Repre- sentatives, IJith April, 1822, ji. l;!. Ix'tter of Mr. Prevost to the Secretary of State of llth November, 1818.) 13y the Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits between the United States and Spain of the 22nd February, 1819, the boundary-line between them was li.xed at tlie 42uil degree of latitude, from the source of the Arkansas liive:' to the Smitli Sea, by which Treaty tlie United States acipiired all the rights of Spain north of tli.at iiarallel. The right of the United States to the Columbia River, and to the interior territory washed by its waters, rests upon its discovery f'niiii tlie sea and nomination liy a citizen of the United .States; upon its exploration to the sea Ijy Captains Lewis and Clarke ; ujiou the .'settlement of Astoria, made under the protection of the United Slates, ami thus restored to tliein in I81,S ; and upon this sulisei|Uent acipiisition of all the rights of .'^paiu, the only I'.uropean Power who, prior to the discovery of the river, had atiji pretensions to territorial riglits on the norlli-west coast of America. The waters of the Colniiiliia Kiver extend liy the Multnomah to tlie 42nd degree of latitude, where its source approaches within a few miles of those of the Platte and Arkansas, and by Clarke's liiver to the fiOth or ."ilst degree of latitude; thence descending southward till its .sources almost intersect those of the Missouri. To the territory thus watered, and iinuiiidiately contiguous to the original pos.sessions of the United States, as first bounded liy the Mississip|)i, they consider their right to he now established iiy all the principles which have ever been apidicd to European Settlements upon the American Hemisphere. By tlie Uka.se of the Enipenu- Ah'xaudcr of the -Ith (IGlb) .Seiileiiibcr, 1821, an exidusivo territorial right on the north-we.sl coast of America is asserted as lielougiiig to Uussia, and as e.xtending from the northern extremity of tlie coiiliuent to latitudes ^)V, and the navigation and fishery of all other nations are interdicted by the same Ukase to the extent of lUO Italian miles from the coast. When M. Poletica, the late Kiissian ^liuister here, was called ujion to set forth the grounds of right conformable to the laws of nations which authorized the issuing of this Decree, he answered in his letters of the 28th Felirnaiy and 2iid A|iril, 1822, by alleging first discovery, oicupancy, and uninterrupted posstssion. It appears, upon examination, that these claims have no foundation iu fact. The right of ili.v:overi/ 67 on tliis mntinpnt claimiililc liy Russiii is ri'diiceil In the ])iiiliiiMlily that, in 1741, ('iii)tiiiii Tiliiriknlf snw flHiii the sen till' MKillIititili ciilli'd St. Kli;iM, ill iili.piil tin; 'jlllli (Irv^'ieo of Iiuilli latiliidr. Tlii; Spanish iiavij^iitxirs as early us 1 ."K'J had discovuicd as liir iicirth as ")"" "id'. As t(i n('('ii]iiiiHy, ('a|i(aiii ('nnk in ITT'-I had Ljici I'Xpi-c.sf dcclaratidn nf M. Isinai'lofT, llie (Jliii'f nf tlio Rii.xsian Sfllli'iiiiMit at Oiinalaska, tliat tlii-y/in/" iki/MIii;/ uf the, (■unlinciil in AiinTir.i ; and ill the N'.iiii|<a Siuiiid inntriivi'i'sy licluern Sp.iiii and (Ireat HriUiin it is e.\]ili(nlly stated in I he S|iaiiisli dniMiiiH'iits Ihat l!ii--sia had di^rlaiined all |ireteiisiiMi Id iiileiCt're with the Spanish e.\clii>ive i-i^ditH ti) bfi/'fit'' I'linee William's .^niind. lalitmle (il°. No evideiiee has lieiMi exhibited uf any llnssiaii Settle- ment iiM lliis cMiitineiit siiiilh and east of I'riui'e W'illiiiin'.s Sound to this day, with the ex'.'eptioii ol" that in ralil'iiniia. made in 1810. It iii'Ver ha-. )«eii adniilti'd liy the varioii.s Kiirnpcaii nations wliieh have formed SeltleniciitH in this Hemisphere thai the oienpatinn of nil island ^'ave any elaiin whatever to territorial posses.sioiiH on the eomineiit to whieli it was adjoiiiin;,'. The rce.ijinized primilile has rather lieeii the revcr.se, as, by the law of Xature, islands iniist lie rather considered a.s itppundafie.s to eontinent.s timii continent.') to isliiiuls. The only eoloiir of elaiin allej^ed liy M. Poletica which lina an appearance of plausibility is that wliieh he asserts as an luitlientiu fact: "that in ITHO tin.' Spanish packet 'St. Charles,' commanded by Oaplain Hare, found in the latilinle 48° and 4!i° Uiissiati Sctllemi'iilM to the nnniber of eiju'iit, consisting in the whole of li'l families and 4IJL' individuals." l!iit, iimre than twent)' years siinte, Henrien had shown, in lii.s intrndiiction to the viiyii;;e of Maichand, that in tlii.s .slatenieiit there wa:-. a mistake of at least 10 de^'rees of latitnde, and "that, instead of 48° and 49°, it should read ."18° and 59". Thi.s is pro'iably not the only nii.stake in the account. It rests altiij,'etliir niion the credit of two private lettei.s — one wrilteti from San Idas, and the other from the city of Mexico, to S]iain— there cnmmnnieated to a Kreiich Consul in one of the Spanish jmrts, and by him to tho Vreiich .Miiiisli r of Marine. They wire written in October 1788 and .\nf,'nst 1789. We have .seen that in 1700 h'lissia exiilicitly (lisclaimid interfering; with the exidnsive ri.i;lits of Spain to liei/uiul Prince William's Sound in latitude Ijl'; and Vancoiivur, in 17114, wa.s iiiformed by the llii-ssians on the spot that thi'ir most 'v/.syr/-;! Settlement there wa.s on Ilitcliinbriiok Island, at I'ort Ktches. which hdi/ liifn ixdihiixliiil In tin- rmirsr. 11/ llir 2'1'tciilinij numiitcr, and that the adjacent continent was " x'erili; ami uniiihiiliitiil (•(innlrit. I'ntil the Nootka Sound contest Great Britain had never advanced any claim to territory tipon the imrtli-wesl coast of Anieiica by right of occupation. I'nder the Treaty of 17G"> her territorial Tif,ditM were bounded by the Mississlpjii. t)ii tho 22nil July, 179.'!, McKeiizie reached tlie shores of the I'acilic by land from Canada in latitude 't'r 21' north, lonf:itiule 128= 2' west of tireeinvich. It i.s stated in the 'i2iid nnniber of the " tjiiarterly llevicw." in the article n]ion Kolzelaie's voyaj,'!', "that the whole cniintiy, from latitude TiO" ;10' to the boundary of the I'nited States in latilnile 48°, or tlieieabouts, is now and has long been in the actual possession of tl.e British North- west (.'om])any ;" that this Coiiipaiiy have a ]i<ist on the borders of a river in latitude 54" "'M' north, longiMide 125° west, and that, in latitnde 5,")° 15' north, longitude 129' 44' west, "by this time (MariHi 1822) the United Company of the North-west and Hudson's May have, in all probability, formed an ostablishment." It is not imaginable that, in the present condition of the world, itny Kiiropean nation should entertain the project of settling a Caluni/ on the north-west coast of America. That the I'nited States should I'oriii establishnieiils there, with views of alisoliite territorial right and inland communication, is not only to be expected, but is pointed out by the finger of Nature, and has been for many years a subject of serious deliberation in Congress. A jilau has for several Sessions been before them for establishing a Territorial Covernment on the borders of the Columbia Itiver. It will undoubtedly be rosuiic'd at their next Session, and even if then again postponed there cannot be a doulit that, in the course of a very few years, it must be carried into effect. As yet, however, the only useful ]iurpose to which the uorlh-wost coast of America has been or can be made subservient In the Settlements of civilized men are the Hsheries on its adjoining seas and trade with the alioriginal inhabitants of the country. These have hitherto been enjoyed in common by the people of the United .States, and by the British and Uii.ssian nations. The Spanish, Portuguese, and Kiencli nations have also participated in them hitherto, without other annoyance than that which resultiMl from the exclusive terrilorial claims of Spain, so long as they were insisted on by her. The United States and Great Britain have both ]irolested against the Itussian Imperial Ukase of the 4tli (Kith) September, 1821. At the propo.sal of the liussian ( iovcrnmeiit, a full power and instructions are now transmitted to Mr. .Middleton for the adjustment, by amicable negotiation, of the coullicling claims of the parlies on this subject. We have been informed liy the liai'on de Tuyll that ;i similar authority has been given on the part of the I'ritish Government to Sir (.'harles liagot. Previous to the restoration of the Settlement at the mouth of Columbia Itiver in 1818, ami again upon the first introduction in (,'ongi'ess of the plan for constituting a Territorial Government there, •some disposition w.is manifesti'd by Sirl'harli'S liagot and liy Mr. Canning to dis|iute Un- rii/Zit of the United States lo that establishment, and some vague intimation was given of ISriti.sli claims on the nortli-we.it coast. Tho restoration of the place and the Convention of 1818 were considered as a tiiial disposal of Mr. Bagoi's objections, and Mr. Cunning declined committing to paper those which he had intimated in coiiver.sation. , The discussinn of the Uussian pretensions in the negotiation now proposed necessarily involves the interests of the three Powers, and renders it manifestly proper that the United States ami Great Britain should come to a mutual understanding with respect to their re.i/Hclirc pretensions, a.s well as upon their joint views with reference to those of Russia, (.'opies of the instructions to Mr. Middleton B8 nri\ tliiTct'urc, licnwith Irniisniiltccl t(i vmi, mihI tin- I'lc'siilfiit wisljes yitii to chiiUt I'lvi'ly with thf JJritisli (iiivcTiiiiii'iit (111 the sulijcri. The iniiuiiilv." scllh'il liv thi' XnnlKn SmiMil ( 'oiiviiitidii iif thi' 28th Octiilicr, IVOO, wiTc : — 1. Tliiit Ihti rii,'ht.s 111' li.sht'ry in ihi' Soiith Si'im, nl' tnuliii;,' \,ith the iiiilivr.s <ir the imrth-wi'st const lit' Aiiicrii'ii, iiiid cit' iiinkiii;^ Scllh'iiicnts mi thi' rim^l itscll' I'lir the |iui|iiisi's ul' llml liaili', iinith ol' thi' iirJiial Si'ttleiiii'iitsi ut Simiii, wrrc (■iiiiiiiiini In all the Kuiii|ii'iiii imtimis, unil nt cniirMii tn the I'liitcil Stiiti's. L'. Thiit wi fill' lis till' liilihil Sillli'iiii'MlH lit S|iiiin hiiil cxtrliilril, hIii' ]iii,ssi'ssril tin! cxcliwivi! ri.uhtx, ti't'lilol'iiil, mill iil' imvi^'iitintl iillii lislu'iv, I'Mi'luliiii,' tn llii' ilistaliri' nf 10 lilil("< I'lniii tin' roasts 811 iicliH'lli/ (icrii/iiri'. .'I. Tiiat nil tilt! ouiislH cif Soiil/i Aitu-riiti, ami llie ailjacunt iKlaiuls Mtith nl tlii' parUs alrraily iii'i;ti]iiril liy Spain, :iii Sitllriiii'iit ulimilil thcri'al'lrr lie luaile cillier liy liiiliHh or Spanish Mihjirts, lint nil linth siih's nhmilil le retainril tln' lilicrly nf lamliii),', iimi nf ererliiii; teiupniaiy liiiililiii ^ Inr the ]iiiiiii)se nf till' tif^iii'iy. These rights were also, of course, eiijoyeil hy the people of the I i. .'d Slates. The e\iliisi\e riylils nl' Spain to any part of the Anieriean eniitineiits have icaseil. That iiortinii of the (.'niiveiition. tlierel'nre, wliirh leenj^iiizes the exelnsive inloiiial ri'.'hts nf Spain on these eiiiitiiii'iit«, tlioii;,'li cnnlirtiieil as lietweeii (ileal liritaiii Mini S|iaiii hy the liist Aililitioiial Artiele to the Treaty of the otli -liily, 1S14, has lieeii extiii','iii-^lieil liy the fail of the iliili'lieiiileiici' of the Sniilli Anieriean nalinii iiinl nf Mexii'o. Tlinse iiiili'[ii'iLileiil nations will possess ihe rights iiuiileiil to that (■onilitinii, anil their teiiitoiies will nf inurse he siihject to no i\ti'limfe right ol' imvigiitinii in their vieinity, or of iiecess to iheni hy any l'oiei;,Mi nation. A neee.ssary eoiisei|iience of tliis slate nf tliinys will he that the Anieriean eoiitineiits lieiiee' '■"■ will no Inii^'er lie snhjects nf enloiiizatinn. Oeiaiineil hy eivilizeil iii.lepenileiit iiatiniis, they will be iieeessihle to l'',iiiopeaiis ami tn eiieli ntlier on lliiit I'ontiie.,' almie, ami the I'aeilie Oeeaii in every part of it will remain iijien to the navitjaliiin nf all iiatimis in like nianner with the Atlantie. Iiieidental to the eomlitioii nf iiiitiniial imlepi ndeiice and sovereifiiily, the rights of antei )'■ naviyalinn nf their rivers will helnii^; In cicli nf the Anieriean natiniis within its own lerrilori. The a]iplieiition nf enlonial priiii'iples of exelilsioii, therefore, laniiot he admitted hy the' i i. n Slates as lawful ;ipnii any part nf the iiurth-west eoast of America, or as helonjiiiii; tn any Kiirnpean nation. Their own Settleiiieiils there, when or^'imized as 'J'errilnrial (!overiiiiient-i, will he adapted to the I'reedniii nf llieir own iiistituliiiiis, and, as eon.stitucnt pails of the L'ninii, he subject to the piiiieiples and lirnvisimis nf their t'nnstitution. The ri.ulit nf eiirryiiij,' nii trade with the nations throuniiont the north-west coast they eiinnot reiionnee. With the liu.ssian Seltleiiieiits al Kailiak or at New Areliaiif,'el they may fairly elaim the iiilvantaj;i' of a free trade, haviiii; so long eiijnyeil it uiiniolested, and bei.-ail.se it has been and wniild inih'iniie tn be as advaiila;.'eiius at least to those Settlenieiils us to them. Ihit they will not contest the ri,i,'lil of llu.ssia In prohiliit the tnillie, as strictly eoiilined to the liuasian betlleiiieiil itself, and mil e.Ntemlin^r to the nri;_'inal natives of the coast. If ihe Ilrilish Xorlh-wesi and irndson's Hay Cniiipanies have any po.sts on the cn.ist, as suggested ill the article nf the " (.luarteily Jieview" abnve cited, the 1 1 ltd Article of the Convention of the L'dlh Oetnbev, IHIS, is applicable tn tliciu. Mr. !Middlc|nii is anthnri/.id by his iiistriiclions to prnpo.se an Article nf similar iiupnit, to be inserted in a .Inint (Jnnveiitinii between the Unititd States. Great llritaiir and Iiiissia, for a term of ten years finni its sigmitnrc. Y'nii are authorized to make the .same jnoposal to the Ihitish (!nverniiieiil, and, willi a view to draw a delinite line of demarcation for the future, to stipiilale that no .Settlciiient shall heieafter be made on the north-west coast or on any of the islands lliercto adjniiiiiii; liy Uu.ssiaii subjects south of latituili' .'jo", by citizens of the United States iinrth of latitude .11°. nr liy lirilish subjects cither i<outli of 51° or north of rif)''. I mention the latitude of ol° as the bound within which we are willing to limit the future .settleineut of the United States, because it is not In be doubted that the Coluinbia Hivcr iiianches as far norlli as .51", although it is moat lu-obably not the Taconcsche Tesse nf Mackeiizic As, however, the liim already runs in lalilmle 4'.!'^ to the Stony Mountains, should it be earnestly insisted upon by Great Britain, we will consent to carry it in continuani'c on the same iiarallel tn the sea. Copies of this instruc- tion will likewise be forwarded to Mr. Middlctou, with whom you will freely, but cautiously, corre- spond on this suliject, as well as ill relnlinu to your negotiation respecting the suiiiiressinn of the Slave Trade. I have, &c. (Signed) JOHN QUINCY ADAM.S. ( 69 ) Docitmcuts prodttced by the United States oit Notice by British Agciii. No. 1. Notiu by the British Agent, September :iO, 1S92. TIIK rndersif^ed, Ajjeiit of Her Brilaiinip Majesty, apiHiinteil to attend the Trilninal of Arbitra- tion convened nnder tlie provisions of tlie Treaty foiielnded at Wasliiiigton on the 20tli Febninry. 1S92, lietween Her I!ritanni(r Jtajesty and i\w United States, has llie hononr, liy direction of Her JIajesty's (loveninient, to ;,'ive notice tliat lie ajiplics for tlie jinjdiiction by the Agent of the United States of eopies of tlie following doeniiieiita, tliat is to say : — 1. The ollicial liussinii records, ref-rred to at p. 42 of the Case of the ITnited States as follows: "The otticial linssian records show that, alter the Ukiuse or Cliarter of 1799, granting to the Russinn-Anicrican Company certain exclusive contrcd of trade and inlniiization, it.s authiiritics, acting ander the sanction of the linssian (ioveniinent, did not permit foreign vessels to visit Kehring Sea." 2. The correspondence referred to at p. 4;" of the Case of the United States, in connection with the gmnt in the year 1819, by one Itieord, then Commander of Kiinitcliutka, to one I'igott, of certain whaling privileges on the coast of Eastern Siberia, as follows : " A considerable amount of correspondence resulted, which illustrates tlie complete contnd which Russia claimed and actually exercised ever Beliring Sea prior to 1K21, and liow jealous she and her Chartered Connmy were of the intrusion of foreigners." 3. The " exiilanatory note" presented on the 5th December, 1824, by Baron de Tiiyll to Mr. Adams, refeired to in the IVwit-note to p. o,") of the Case of the United Stjites. 4. Instructions given to tli" United States' revenue-cutters or ciuizers sent to Behring Sea annually since the year 18(')7, icfened to at ]). 81 of the Ciuse of the United States as follows: "Since the year 1807 the Treasury DejHirtment has I'very year, with a single execiition, sent one or more revenue-cutters to Behring Sea for the pur])ose of guanliiig llie interests of the T'nited States centred there, including the iirolection of fur-seals, against the infractions of the law relating to them." The Undersigned, Ac. (Signed) CHAlil.KS H. TUPPEK, Agent of Her Brildnnic Majesty in this behalf. No.: Mr. Foster to Mr. Tujyper. Washington, Norertiher 5, 1892. THE Undersigned, Agent of the United States, appointed to attend the Tiiliunal of Arbitration convened under the provisions of the Treaty concliidi^d at Washington, the 29th Keliruary, 1892, b<aween the United States and Her Britannic .Majesty, herewith makes the following rejdy to a Notice cuUuig for the production of copies of certain dociimeiits, which Notice was delivered to him by the Agent of Her Britannic Majesty on the OOtli day of Sei)len!ber, 1892 : — In regard to i)8ragni*)h nuni'..ered 1 of saiil ><(iticB : The Undersigned dots not furni.sh copies of" the documents therein referred to, for the reason that all such documents are included in tbo.se refc'rred to in the foot-note to p. 41 of the Case of the United States, and these appear in V(d. i of the Appendix of said Case, following p. 'id'i. In regard to paragraph numbered 2 of .said Notice: The Undersigned herewith furnishes photo-lilliograpliic facsimiles of all documents tlicrein referred to not lUrcady included in those which appear in vol. i of the Appendix of the Case of the United States, following p. 593. In regard to paragrajih numbered 3 of said Notice : The English version of the " explanatory note " therein referred to appears in the Appendix of the Case of the United Stjites, us indicated in the foot-note to p. ."i.i of said Case; but for the more accunite information of the Agent of Her Britannic Majesty, a copy of the original t«xt of said note is herewith furnished. In resiard to paragraph 4 of said Notice : The Undersigned lierewitb furnishes copies of the instructions therein referred to, notwithstanding he is clcailv of the opinion that thev have been neither specified nor alluded to in the Case of the i 1 60 Uniterl Stiites. Tlie dopiinipnts in wliicli tlicso iiistrnctinns aro onntninorl inoludo other matters as well, which, lieiiij; inclevaiit tn the jireseiit iiKHiir) ami somewhat voluminous, have hecn iiinitted Should, however, the British Ajient feel that ho has heeu prejudiceil by any such ouiissioii, the latter will, upon demand, be supjilied in every case. The Undersigued inijiroves the occasion to renew to Mr. Tupper the assurance of his highest coiisideratiou. (Signed) JOHN W. F0STK15, Agc7U iif tlie UniUil Slates. Inclosure 1 in No. 2. I. — Copy of (I Lelbrfrnm Pn'ri/ Councillor Spcnvi.d-i/, Gorcnwr-Gcncrnl of Siliiria, tu Count A'a^lroilc, Sicrctari/ of Slate, dated Irktdsk, Fchniary 1, 18:i0. JS'o. J8. (Translation.) .IPST befiiri! this niess(>iiger was dispatcheil T received, through the Tobolsk Post-oflice, [irfibiilily from St. IVtcrsliiir;,'!!, a packet, in wliiili 1 found a letter aiMrc-ised to your K.xci'llency, si'venil other private letters, an .Vgreemeiit coniduded liy tlie (iovcrnor of Kanitsliatkii with the Knglishnian I'igott regarding the whale fisjiery on tlie shores of Kastern Siberia, and an envelope whiili. Ironi its general apjiearanee, and from the fact of its being addressed to the <!overnor-(ieneral of Siberia, a|ipeared to contain an olhciid conuinniication, but in which I found a private letter from M. IJicord to Ivan Borisovitch I'estel. 1 have the honour to transmit all these jiajiers to your I'.xcelleney, and 1 beg to be allowed to make the following observations with reganl to them: I had the honour to inform your K.Kcellency on the 12t]i November, 1810, that I could not lind amongst the papers left by mv predecessor any trace of ]a'oposals madi^ by M. Dubello, or of instruc- tions given to him. Fiom the Agreement and letter now received, 1 concluih' thiit he was instructed, or permitted, amongst other things, to endeavour to establish a whale fishery on tlie shores of Kamt- sliatka, and it follows that this matter has already been iiii|uired into, and that some decision has been arrived at by the (iovernmcnt. Tender these circumstances, tlie (lovernment will only have to examine the terms of the Agreement. In case, lir)wever, contrary to what .ippears to be the case, the matter should not yet have been decided, even in principle much h'ss in detail, I venture to oiler the following observations : — 1. As to the principle of the establishment of the whale fi.shery. The advantage of establishing it may be twofold : First, an immediate adv.antage, consisting in the fact that food will be supplied to the jieople of Ivamtshatka. This will be a great benelit in casi- the supply of fish, which is almost the only means of sulisiL-tence of the people of Kamtshiitka, should fail. Your Kxcellency will see, from the inclosed extract from a letter from the (iovernor of Okhotsk, with what delight the Tunpuz inliabiting the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk haileil, last autumn, the appearance of the carcasses of whales (brown u)) by the sea on their coast. The second advantage consists in the prospect of thi; gradual estalilisliment of winding o]ierations with wlial rs of our own. This advc.nt.ige is a very I'lMiiote one, and I do not think lliat whaling carried lai by (uir (loverninent is ever likely to be a suc(;ess. There is a great dilliM-eiicc between liaviin; ten sailors taught whaling and establishing a Jiussian whale llshcry ; ships, tackle, money, and, above all, a master's eye. are indispen- gable. But even if we consider that the ultimate, establisliment of a Ku.ssian whale fishery is possible, and even probable, the tollowiiig drawbacks to placing the industry in the hands of foreigners must l)o taken into consideration : — (1.) We are familiar with the complaints made by the American Company in regard to the bartering carried on by citizens of the I'liited States at their establishments, and in reganl to their supplying the natives with tire-arms. These coin])liiints are well-founded, but nothing can be done in the matter. It would be useless to ajijily to the I'liilcd Slates' (iovernment to stop the trading; the commmercial rules of the Uniteil States dn not allow such intciCi-rence on the part of their (lovcrmnent. The only thing to he (hjiie is tor the < 'ompaiiy to endeavour to strengthen the defences of the |irincipal places in the Colonies, and for the ( iovernment, at lea.st, not to favour this bireign trade, lint the estahlishnienl of a whale fishery on tlu! eastern shores of Siberia would undoubtedly favour it in a high di'gree. The establisliment of a whale fisheiy would be a pretext for, and an encouragement to, foreign trade. (2.) Although the for indii.--try in T'Caiiit--li.atka ami Okhotsk, which has been declining from various causes, has now become unini]ioilant, nevertheless, the present trade and its prospects for the future are in the hands of liussian traders. If an industry in the hands of foreigners is established (Ui the coast, the whole trade will certainly pass into foreign liiinds. In tlii-i thinly-populated region it is impossible to establish an ellectivi' sii|icrvisioii ; moreover, how is the importation of brandy, rum, itc., to l)U iirevcnted ? (M.) The American Com]iany ma" ami, in the interest of the consolidation and ]ucservation of its Color.ies, ought to wish to estiiblisb a whale fishery of its own, employing for the pur[iose its own BerviiuLs, or, at any rate, 'cpiiig the openitiims in its own hands. Its jircsent financial ]iositioii is not merely satisfactory, but i 'IlianI ; its opcrilions should thereibre be extended, but the .Agreement co.ichided with the fon'-g.., -s will place insiirmountalde obstacles in the way of such exli'iision. (\.) M. llicorl ,sa) , ins hotter, that, owing to the, smallness of our forces in t.liat part of the worlu, W'i ciinnot p.eve'it l.jreigneis from winding. In tlanirst place, wi^ may not b(^ so weak as he suppose'. The oeeii-,'on"l appearance of a single properly-armed ship may be sullicient to keep (piiet and disperse .;U il' •"'> w..dlors. In the second place, if they are able to get possession of this industry by force, why sIiouLt tins force bt, sii'ictioned by u formal Agreement 'f 61 2. Tlicso oiisurviitioiis cm llic principle of estalilishiii;,' th' wliale fishery may lio HU|)plciiientC(I Iiy- the fullowiiig reuiiiiks on the jffoviaimn of the Ai,'iceiii".nt • — (1.) If l'i;:ot( IiiiriM'ir.isked fniMU ihinj,' more tliaii a 1(iim1 ami liniitfil ])ermit lor (akinj; wlialos on the aliorr.-; of Kaiiit-ilialka, why is lie iiot ■^iveii sxch :i hsiiilci! ],^'niiil, wliirh ■.oulil cusily he willidniwii at will '! Why siuii iiii Aj^riMjiiiciit lot ten years ? In wl)at way is thii A^irei'iiieul hindiii;; on l'i;,'ott ? Will it, or can it, fore',' him to carry on the imhutry if he does not find it profitahle '. How easily ho oordil lind ])V('le\is foi e\aclin;4 or reaii'Miii',' useless the one sti|mlation whieh is in our favour, namely, that whieh proviihis for the instiiietion of our sailors in whalini,'. (■J.) Why was it eonsidi-red necessary to use in the A.;,Teerneiit tlie indefinite exjjression " Kasteru SihiTia." instead of the word " Kalnt-hatki " ? Uy the use of the words "E'lStern Silicria," the rifjht to fish for whales i« extended not only to the .Sea of Okhotsk, hnt also to the Kurile Islands, whieh our American <'onipany will, after this, he frai-'-d to f;iv(' up. (.'!). Why shiiuld these traders he allowed to ily the llnssian Hat,' ? The in.solence ol this class of nieii, ami the acts of violence whieh they are always eonindttin;^ on their voyaues, are matters of common knowled'.'c. Why shimhl they he allowed t'l shelter themselves under the Itnssian lla^; in .lapan, anion;,' till! Tshaktehes and elsewhere '. Instead of inert asinj; the pre>tii;i:of liiissia. as AI, liioord •supposes, the ^-rant of the llussian lla;,' will only add to our responsihililies and laini; odium upon us, esjiccially as the (iovenior of Kanitshatka will have no nu'ans whatever of resirainin;,' Tii^ott. If the [liou^hlless act of one of inir naval oMici is (Khvostoff ) very nearly led to a war witli .lapan at the very time wlien we were anxious lor peace and Iriendly intercourse with that nation, what can induce us to he so rash as to ]i!ace our (lag in the hands of men who are ready to do nnythini,' for money ? 2. — Extrad from a Letter, ilatiil Jn!,) 2, 1819,./i-e/« M. liiriinl. Gfixrimr nf Knmlslinthn, to Prinj CounciUor I'cstel, tnte (jOceriwr-Ociurdl nf ^itn-rin. (Translation ) Since the lost messeu-er left -M. Do'idloand I have hecn itiviuj^ uur carefid attention to the scheme for t!ie estahlishment of a whale h.^le ly. fur whieh the piesent moment is hivonrahle. As much time would he lost if we aUowed the Knalishnam I'i^iotl, who is most anxious to conui to terms, to leave us without some ilclinite undci.standinL; havin;,' heen arrived at, we have decided to conclude with I'isiott "'/ rr/i n ml iriii I he formal Ai,'reement iransniitted herewith. As I have not f,'ot M. Doliello'.s fervid imagination. I do not e.xjiect from thi.s Aureeaient the wonderfully henelieial residts to this country which he aiifici)iatef. Who will helieve that in ten \ ears we shall he ahle to have whalers of onr own at Kamtshatka t The circumslanci's which led l'i','oli to conclude this Agr'.'cmeut are as follows: — A large whale was ca.st up liy tlie sea 20 versis iroin our harhonr. AVe all went to see it. Tigott was in ecstasy, as he rectijjni/.ed in it a real spermaceti whale. The purest oil is ohtained out of the heads of these whales, and their tat is considered ni"st vahiahle. liefore the occurrence of this incident, so I'ortwnaie hir ns, I'i^jott had oficn a.sserieil, in the coarse of onr conversations, during which he ex|ilaiiied his views with great openness, that whaliii:.: could not he made piofitalile in tliis distant and thinly piipidatcd country, as it would not he worth w liile to incur the expense of tilting out whaling vessels, lint .lifer this incident he took unite a dilleicnt view. He hegan Ijy .iskiag me fur an olticial permit for whaling on onr shores, and fi'V my guarantee that he and his ciinipanions would ohlaiu the griiit of privile,L;eR for ten years; after negotiations with Hohello, however, he decided (o si^i' this Agreement. I am ''onfidcnt thai it will he ap|iMVed. and that 1 shall he instructed to do all in my power to make it work prolital'ly for this counlry. I shall, of ciairsc, use of my hesl endeavours in that direction. The .stipulation that the whalers shidi Iw allnwcd to Ily the Uussian tlag is very advantageous to ns from a pnlitical point of view, esjiecially as regards our relations with the .Iiipancse. When the whalers happen to ajiproach the .lapaiiese const, it will he an excellent thing that the inhaliitaiits should see how ]iowerfiil we are, and. moreover, when the whalers are engaged in lishiiig in the north, the people inliahiling the coasts in that region will learn to resi>ect ns,aiid will he ke]il in check. In the .Vgreemeiil the ex,'ression " Kastern .'siheria" is used inslead of '■shores of Kamtshatka," in order to give the Americans a larger Held' hir the exercise of their industry ; we know that there is no hotter harhonr in these seas than retropavlovsk ; and what is Kastern Silieria hut an extent of waste land? liesides, if we iliv U'll use the expressiim " Kastern .*<ilieria," our whalers will not he ahle to lish in the Sea of Okhotsk or ronml ihe Knrih' Islands. Moreover, we must confess our weakness; for how could wc pn'Veut anyone frimi whaling oniairshores ! Under these eircunistanees, anil in view of what is stipulated in the Agreement, 1 am sure that the (li'Vernment, after examining the instrument, will admit that its terms are advantageo'.ts, and will not hesitate to ratify it. We do not ask the Oovenimcnl lo spend any monev ; we only wish to he allowed to I'miml an industry which will make it possihle for Kaml.shatk.i to turn to profit in ten years' time advantages whieh have lon.g heen potentially open. (Signed) Count JACt)V LAMBKUT. • Li(erttll\, "(AK^nt nf ewth," «2 (Beccived on the " Tshiiikoff," October 2, 1822.) Board of Management of the, Kvman-Amerkan Company to Captain Matthcic Ivanoviteh Muravitff, Chief Manager of the Mvssian-American Colonies. (Concerning Pigott.) (No. 149.) February 28, 1822. Tlio Board were aware tliat Captain ri<;ott,\vlio was al Katntsliatl^u, intemled tu sail tlii'iici' to ou/ Colonics, and your dcsiJatcli No. S ul' the 18tli .Jnnuarv, J821, oiinlirnicil lliuni in llicir Ijuliff thai lie l)roposcd to visit waters bolongini; to lUi.ssia. He lias paid you a. visit, as you rcjiort, under stiess of weather, and you have done rlyht in assisting; him; hut he would never havi^ ecinie to Noi-o Arkliangelsk if he had not been I'oreed to put in to that pmt ; what he meant to do was to eolleet furs secretly at other places. It was witii this object, and in order to ^'el a foolini.; for this ]airpiise on the Aleutian Islands, or on the northern islands situated in the direetiou of I'ehriup; Strait, that he made his iiro]ii)sal, of whieli yon have already been informed, with le.v'ard to whalinj; and lishinj.' for the benefit of Kanitshatka and (Okhotsk ; in the nieantinu' he has lieen asking |ierndssi(]n from Dohello, M. liicord's friend, to trade with the Tshuktshi's, and to use tlie liussian flag whde so engaged. It is a pity that yon had not yet been informed of the right whieh has lieen ollicially declared and annomu-ed in the I'egnlations whieh have been sent to you by the "Apollo." of the Imperial navy; if you had received these Kegidathins earlier, you wnuld, no dcudjt, have searched I'igoll's shi)). i)on't let these impudent fellows off so easily in future. This year a Ciovernment ship, the "Ajiollo" aliove mentioneil, will visit you; a second ship, the " Aja.x," has lieen seriously damagtd on tin' Dutch coast. We hear that anothi'r shii) will lie sent instc^ail nf her. Thanks be tu (jcjii and our Kniju-ror for saving the (Jompauy from all troulde and exiiense in connection with thi' dispatch of these Ciovern- ment shi]is. Yiiu will receive hy this ujiportuniiy ri'plies to the other ini|uiries contained in your despatch above referred to. (Signed) MlCIIAKl, KlSSKl.KF. iSKNKDlCT KltA.MKU. ANUKEl SEVKUIN. (Signed) ZEliENSKY, Chief Clerk. Jitnunrg 1821. On the 20th September the American brig " I'edlar" arrived nt this port. Her captain is Meek, a brother of the Aleck who is well known to ycai. She had on board Mr. Pigott, with whom yon are well acii'iaiutiMl. He was the s\ipereaigo uv owner; for the cargo was undi^r his control, and he directed 'he nioven,enls of the shi]). He had come fioni Kamtshatka in (lighteen days, and had encountere<l very stnrmy weather. The sides uf the ship \vcr<' damaged, and the Imats hroken up. Tlat sails were also torn, and a great deal of further damage hail lieen dune. He hrought with him a letter of reconnaendation from JI. liicord to me. 1 knew uf I'iguit's relations with the American ('um|iany, but 1 could nut refu.se him permission to anchor in the roadstead here and lo rej.air his slii]i and build a boat with materials of his own. If I had refused to allow him to >lu this, I should have been viulaling the usage uf liiendly nations. I took care, ho'vever, to ]ilace rafts near his ship, and I informed him that if he violated the rights of the Colony in any way, or had any eomnmnications whatever with the Indians (i!ven for the purpose of ohtaiidng food), he would be at once arrested, and his ship and hi^r cargo confiscated. Of course, this annoyed him, and he told me s-o. I replied that I was justilied in being suspicious of the ojien enemies of tla; Company. There were at that time two men-uf-war on the roadstead, and this fact affurded me freipuMit uppurtnuilic-.^ uf meeting I'igutt, for he was aciiuainled with the ollicers of liuth uf tlieiu. They had met beynnil Itehring Strait in Kutzebue Suuud, and had been anehuved there tugi'ther. He. said in a hesitating way that he had been trading then.', and com- plained that he had been unsuccessful ; hut are his statements to be believed ? He had a (punitity of guns and annnunitiun with him, and suld .some guns to the otlic'crs of the men-of-war. 1 askeil him whether he h.id suld any guns in the nurth, and he answered that he had mil ; but are we to bi^lieve him :' Un my asking him whether he eunsidered that his <'ountrynu'n acted rightly in su|iplying tire-anus to the Kolusii, he answen'd that it was not very proper cunduct, Iml that the laws of their euimtry did nut |iruhihit it. and that as suun as uiu' nam fuund the tiade prulilafle, others did not fall to fulluw his e.vam]>le. Hi' said that in all prulialiility no nation wuuld be able to sto]) the trattic by force su lung as the American laws diil nut fuibid it, and that ihey never wuidd forbid it, bi'cause the limilalion of free trade wuuld be a viulatiuu uf thi' American < ■unstilutiun. Xo nation would attack them, because thi:y were .su strong. They eunsidered that seltlenient gave a right of governmenl, aial that eveiyune was master in his imn terriluiy ; therefore, any inl'iactiun uf the lav.-s of a eonutry would expose them tu the ])enallieN jaeserilied by the laws uf that cunntry, fur their own Coivernnn'Ul wuuld nut pruti'ct them. What do you think uf this? Was he light, ur not ? I must eiaifess that I was wrong when 1 said, in a letti'r to Aliehael .Miehailoviteh, that a single nuin-of- war wuuld be sullii'ient to put an I'lid to this tiallic. To tell the irutli, 1 did not believe it al the time; but I was afraid ihat a whole S'|uadldU, or at least a cou)ile of frinales, would eume down npun us. This prospect frightened me, butli as .\biiiager of the American Culunies and as a llussian, They wuuld have eaten up all lair lunvisions and cost thii l'au|ieror . ot of money, withiait doing much good. I am ready to confess that 1 was wrung lo yuu, tu his Excellency, and befire all the wurld. H' Kngland, wliieh is su ]iuwerliil at sea, and Ihi^ uther Maritime I'owers of Eurojie. lind it im) ussible tu |irevent these Kepubljeans from cummitliiig de|iredations under a neutral Hag, although the I'nited Stales refuse 63 to protont thorn, what hnpn is there that a sinijle frij^ate will ho ahle to stop this traffic on our shores, aliounditiL! in straits ami oxcollont harlicairs. ainl sn wrll Kiinwn to these Americans that they may lie called the pilots ol'lhes(! eoasts i They will always he on <;iio(l terms with thi' natives. In all iirohability they will not trade in arms under thi^ guns of the fort or under those of the fri;,'ate, but what is to prevent tlieni from tradinj,' in other phiies ? And how is it to lie proved that they have been enf,'a|,'ed in this tradi; ' Where is the Court which is to try thi'ni ? One witness will say one thinf;^, and unotbei' nnother. An em|ity eannon has lieen known to eause a war, Init (iml save our beloved eountry from this. New Archrinfiel is a block-house (do not be oU'eiideil at my thus ileseribing it), or, at any rati', it is not at all liki^ Kuropeiiu loits. It is at liest a Kolo-h fort, but it often contains inerchandize worth miae than a million riaible<, and an expedition to take it, or at least to destroy it, would not cost more than one-tenth of that sum. Silka is a .izreat expense, is of no ailvanta^e, and swalhnvs up the revenues of the other Settle- ments without bein;,' able to protect them. Then lonsidei' its distance from the other Settlements, the ditliculty of coininunieatin;,' with it on account of the want of:hips and the frerpient scarcity of <;ood sailors, or in any case, the great expen.si' of communication, the. dillii.'ully experirinced by the Chief Manacer in looking after the other ollices. unit the necessity Ibr liiai 1o miiko an annual tour of inspec- tion at the most critical time of the year, which is also the time when his iiresence at Sitka is most necessiiry, as it is then tliat the ships arrive, that expeditions are sent out, that work is actively carried on, and that the natives collect round the fort and put their designs into execution ; th(^y ave.not as yet vcay dangerous, it is true, but who knows what ma)' yet be in store for us ? Under the.sc^ einnimstances, 1 think that prudence is the better )iart of valour; hut this matter must he kejil tor another despatch. I will only observe, in conclusion, that I have kejit my promise not to (judjellish the subjects of my Iieports, but to say openly what I think. Inclosure 2 in \o. 2. Explanatory Note shown h>j lianin th. Tki/II fo Mi: Adams, Dcnmbcr 5, 1824, and filed Janunrij S.'j, 1825. Note explicative a presenter an fiouvernemeut dcs £tats-lTnis lors do I'echange dcs ratifications dan? le but dVcarter d'autant ]i1hs sftreinent tout motif de di.seussions futures, au moyen de laquelle note on reconnoitroit positivement exceiitees de la liberte de cba.sse, de peclie, et de commerce, 8ti)iulL'(^ en favour des citoyens dcs fttats-Unis pour dix ans, /I'.s Ila Alentiemiri, /<"i cdti'-t di- la S'ili^ric, cl m ijiiiAml lt:s posscusiuiui Jiitt^vs siir la cdlr. nvrd-oiust ilc I'Ami'riqiic jituqu'dii 59° ;!(•' de latitude nord. XL jiarait (|Ue eeci n'est cpi'une con.sdijuencc naturelle des stipulations arret(!es, car les i-6tes: de la SiUric sout baignees Jiar la Her d'Ochotsk, la Her de Kamt'^chatka, et la Mer Glaeiale, et nou par la Mer du Sud mentioiniec^ dans I'Article I" de la Convention du 5 (17) Avril. C'cst aussi par la Mer du Kamlschatka ou I'Oi.ran du Nord ipu^ sout baignees Ir.t /leu Alentiennen, 1,'intenlion de la Kiissie n'est point d'eutraver la libre navigation de rOct'an Pacifiviue. J^lle si- bornerait a faire reconnoitre comme bicii cntcndu et [ilacc a I'alni ile toute esiicce de doute le ]irincipe, que depnis le 5!)" .'10' aucun vais.seau etranger no jiourrail approcber de ses cotes et ses lies, ni y faire la chusse ou hi iieche ipra la distance de 2 lioues marines. Ce qui m'empechera pas d'accueillir les bfttimens ijtrangers avaric's ou battus par la tenipete. Inclosure 3 in No. 2. Instructions to United Hales lievenue-cuttcrs and Vruiurs. Treasury Department, Office of tlu Secretary, Sir, Washinytun, D.U., June 4, 18ti7. you will proceed without delay to San Francisco and take charge of the sleanur revenue-cutter "Linc(dn," eiunnianded by Captain White, which has been designated to make a voyage to Sitka, and the Hussiau possessions in America, lately ceded to the United States, to acipiire a knowledge of the country with u view to a due protection of the revenue when it shall have become a part of the United States, and for the inlornmtion of Congress ami the people. • ••••• The Vessel will be expected to leavi' San Kr.inci.sco as soon as iiossible after your arrival, and will lirsl proc eed quickly to Sitka to communicate with the laissian authorities, ami present the letter of liai-on Stocckle, herewith inclosed. It will be remembered that the country is yet subject to the exclusive dominion of Russia, and that until the buinal transfer of it to the l.'nitcd States the latter can exercise no control within its borders, except thnuigh the courtesy of the Kussian Government. • • • '" • ♦ • After visiting Sitka, you will employ the vessel according to your best judgtuent to etfect the jiurposes of the expedition between soiithoru limits of the countrv and the westerly extremity of the Aleutian Islands. L117J S 64 It is not nxpectod tliat yon will pasR to the north of tliosc islands, tliongli you arc at liliorty to do so if it seems best. • ••••» Cnptiiiii AV. A. Howard, lit'vemic-outtor Service, New York City. Very respectfully, (Signed) H. Mcculloch, ■Si(,/-iY(()'y 0/ the Trea-viry. Tiramin/ Di-paiimrnf, Office nf the Secrctarij, Sir, Wo^hinijloti. D.C.Matrh '10,Um. As soon as the revenue-steamer " Wayanda," to tlie coinmaMd ul' wliicli y<ni are ordered, sliall be ready for sea, you will proceed to the Territory of Alaska tor the proteclion of those inter(«ts espeeially confided to you as an ulhcer of tlie Itevenue Marine liy the laws of the Cnited States and Kegulationa of *hp. Department. You will conmuinicate a.s often as jiossiblc with the officers of Customs in Ala.ska, olitaining all information in your power as to trade, illicit and t)therwise, and convey to the department all the knowleilge possible to give regarding means for the proteclion of the revenue, and facilitating coninierco in our new territory. T am, &e. (Signed) H. McCULLOCH. Captain J. W. AVhite, Secretary of Treasury. lievenue-steamer " Wayanda," Sau Francisco, California, Treasury Dejiaiimcnf, Office 0/ the Secretary, Sir, U'nxhinytuii, D.C, Fiiirvary 6, l.SiiO. Vou have been detailed to watch over the interests of tlie TnitiMl Slates on llie Island of St. Paul to prevent illicit traltie and the violation of Hevenue Laws, with particular reference to the Law of the 27th July, 1868, seetion 0, forbiilding the killing of fur-seals. You wdl proceed to your post on the " Way;inda" under the orders of the Commander of lliat vessel; a sergeant's g'.iard will lie detailed by the Military Commander, with instructions to aid you in the execution of your duties. It will be your duty lo ace that the legal prohibition against the killing of seals is rigidly enforced on that island. Any person disregarding it will be arrested, and sent to the States Inr trial as required by law. This prohihilion is ilesigned chiefly to apply to killing for trade ; you an' especially to prevent that, liut you will not punish Aleuts living on the islaiul sbould they occasionally kill .such small numbers as may be absolutely necessary for their sn.stenance and clothing on the island, not to be carried away. During the seal season guns .are not to be fired, ii"r dog-j ]ierniitle<l m\ the island, nor any proceedings that experience lias shown apt to disturb the seal rookeries, tty to frighten and <lrive away the animals. No person not a native of the island will be permitted to land and remain on the island unless under authority from this Department, and no stores destined to be u.sed in aid of seal-hunting or for, the preservation of skins can be landed. Peimission has been given to Hutchinson, Kolde, and ('d., and Williams and Haven, for two men, selected by each of .sdd firms, I o remain on eacli island lo car<^ for the property of their principals. These men must conform to all the rei[uireTneius herein indicated, and, in case of their reiiisid .so to do, y(/ii will arrest them; and at the first op)iorlunity send tlieni to San Francisco, Di-egon, or Washington T<;rritory, to be delivered to the I'niteil States' Marshal, if you have reasonable evidence of their having violated the Law of 18(18 above cited. You are to pn^vent the carrying on <if illicit ti.dlie with the natives. Spirituous li(|uors in particular, and fire-arms not belonging to Ihe ndlitary ari' absolutely prohibited ; none such can be landed on the ishiiid ; any found there will be seized. Vessels coming there must bring none but domestic or duty-paid goods, and an! to be prt)vided with manifests certified by (be ( 'idli'ctor of Customs at Sitka, and with written perinissioi\ from (he same officer to enter there. Vessels direct from a foreign port are not ]ieriiiilted to unlade there under any circumstances. Lieutenant Winslow B. liarnes. Revenue-cutter .Service. Very respectfully, (sigtH'd) 11, Mcculloch, Sfcrdary of tlii ,V„if — Any material Law, Order, or Proclamation referred to herein, or in any other instruction, will be found in vol i of the Appendix to the Cu.se of tiiu United States, pp. 9^-lly. 65 Tren.fiiry Dcpurtmcnt, Oflirr of tic Sfnrlnry, Sir, W'lslihiiilon, J).a., tViriuir,/ 23, 1809. It is desiralile that the " Lincoln," nftcr nccomplishin^ wliat lia.s been iUrskIv arranged at the Islaiiils of St. I'aiil and St.. ficuriie, .shall iiiocccd directly to Atton, which is iindurstnod to he the princi|ial lucidity of the .sca-ottcr trade, and cstahli.sh such relations with th(^ natives as .^hall picvent, if Ijii^^ilde, the hillini,' of .tea-otter until further onler.s, and preserve the interests of the I'niLed States in other rcsjieels. lieturninn towards Ounalaska, it is also desirable to visit other islands of the chain where sea- otters an! taken or where snui,L;i.;lin,i,' may be carried on. ICvery care should b(i taken to j)reserv(! the best relations with the inhaliitaiits of the islands, and enlist them in aid of the (uiforccmenL of laws. The inh.ibitants are to be informed that all the restrictions laid u]iiin trade and fur-hinitinj^ are fur th(!ir licMelit quite as nuich as for the benetit of the (Jovernmeiit, in(le<!d, far more, and lliey are to be assured that thev n-ill in no event be perndtted to suffer on account of tlnm. » ■ ♦ • • • • It will probably be advisable to vi.'^it tliese islands ajjain durin.; the autumn. Very respi'clfuUy, (Signed) H. McCULLOCH, Comniandins 'Otficcr of the Secrclanj of the Trcamri/. Kevemie-steamer " Lincoln." I'.S. — The " Liui'oln " havinj; been substituted for the " Wayanda " since the date of my letters of tlie lith February, her name is to be understood as substituted in all places in those letters where the name " Wayanda" occurs. IL McC. Treasury Department-, Office, of the Secretnri/, Sir, W<i.fl'inytoii,D.C.,Min;:h 31, IS7'^. The. ri'Venu. '-cutter " Reliance" under your command beini; ordered to cruize westward, you will, as instructed by (,'olleetor Kapers, prncei'd with your vessel to Kodiak, thence to Amdook, Ounalaska Island, via tlu' Oauga or ('hllulua^'i^l Island. From Ounalaska you will visit the seals islands St. Paul and SI. (leorf^e, from these islands sailiuj; as far north as Norton ami Kotzeinie Sound, in the autumn returuin,^ to Sitka, where farther instructions will be jrivcii yon. I am, &c. (Signed) (1£0. S. IJOIITWKLL, Captain .1. M. Sehlen, Secntdry of Treasury. Itevenue-oulter " Reliance," Sitka, Alaska. Sir, Treiisury J)e/iartnif>it, Oflirr ifltie Srreettiry, Wii.HhhiijIon, D.C., J/irii 18, ISTtl. In.stnictions were sent to yon a few days ago to cause the " lleliauce " to bo fitted out immediately to cruize westward, and authority given for providing all re(pdsite supjdies, rations fiu- six munth.s, and a full complement of men. Vou aie also authorized to employ a surgeon for the ves.sel, bis services to terminate on the return of the " lieliance" to your ]iort in the fall, ]anbably not before Octolier. Vnu will please instruct Captain Seidell to keep a very accurate journal of everything transpiring on this voyage, at its tiuiainaticui foruanling to the Department chart of the eciurse of ship, ports visited, miles .sailed, \'c. Ijefore sailing on this cruize ('a)ilain Seidell will forward thrcuigh your ollice lists of ship's Coni)iaiiy, with iineiitoiies of property on board. Wages paiil to men will also be stated. Captain Seldeu will be particular to note vcss^ds bciarded or spoken on the voyage, also ve,s.sels seized (if any), giving names, dates, and flag, and s]iccifyiiig cause of seizuri!. lie will lie especi.illy obscrvaiiL (and note accordingly) of whatever occurs at tlie fur-bearing islands of St, I'.ml and St. Oeorge, so that tlie Department maybe properly iutiiinied upon those points. Lieutenants Ilaiisell and Mason have been ordered to the " lieliance." I am, &c. (Signed) GKO. S. BOUTWELL, Will. Kapers, Ksi|., Secretary of the Trcru^ury. (,'iillector, Ax., Sitka, Alaska. air, Tec'isi'cy Dc/iartmetil, Mny 2.5, 1870. Ily telegram of tlii! 2;ird instant the Collector of Customs at San Francisco has been instructed to put the reveiiuefleamer " Lincoln" in readiness for cruizing to the Aleutian Islamls, liehring Sea, and the Islands of St. I'anl and St. George. You are onlered to the ciunmand. Two additional oflicers. Lieutenants nateman and Coulnon, are ordered to join the vessel, and will shortly report to the (,'(dleclor. (Collector riii'liis has been instructed to cause ample sujiplies to be furnished. You will proceed first to Niinuimo, and obtain, if necessary, additional supjilies of coal, and from 66 thonco take your course direct to Ounalaska (it is not consitlL'red iiii]i()rtaiit to {,'0 to Kodiak, and it may be avoided, tlii; navigaton being dangerous, and, besides, nmeb more linu^ lieiiig re(|nired tban to sail due west to Ounalaska), wbere you can again coal, tlieuce to the islands of St. I'aul and St. George. Liuulenunts Henderson and liarnes wiU bo relieved, and will be received on board your ship to be conveyed to I'uget Sound, I'roni thence returning to the Atlantic coast. Tlie Departnu'nt relies upon your discretion and good judgment in concbicting this crui/.e to the best interests of the service and the (.iovennnent. To this i;nd joii will cau.se to be carefully noted on ship's journal all the movements of your vessel, places touched at, vessels spoken, boarded, or seized; if seized, under what circumstances and for wliat eau.se. It is essential that the l)e[iartnient be fidly informed in relation to all which may be done by you in performance of the duty to which the "Lincoln" is a.ssigne(l (jf protecting tlie interests of the Cioveriiment in those waters. On returning from this cruize you will proceed direct to Puget Hound. From thence you will forward to tlie I)e]iartmeiit your journal and reports of the cruize. You will acknowledge receipt of these instructions, and, jirior to sailing, forward lists of your officers and crew. Wishing yoti a safe and prosperous cruize, I am, &c. (Signed) GEO. Captain C. ^L Scammon, Kevenue-steamer " Lincoln," San Francisco, C'uliforuia. S. JiOUTWF.LL, Sccriiary v/ t/ic Treasury. Treasury Department, Ofiice of the Secretary, Sir, Washington, B.C., April 27, 1871. U]ion receipt of this order, you will proceed without delay to I'ort Townscnal, Washington Territory, r(>])orting on your arrival to the Collector of Customs at that jiort, for the connuand of the revenue-cutter " Keliance." You will acknowledge the receipt of this order, and advise the Department when it sliall have been obeyed. I am, &c. (Signed) WM. A. KICHAKIISON, (,'aptain .Tiio. A. Wolnter, Jtm., Acting Secretary of the Treasury. Itevenue-cutter Service, Wilmington, Del. Telegram. Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Washimjton, D.C, A/ml 27, 1871. "Lincoln " may go to Alaska, being absent from I'ort Townsend si.\ weeks, it you and Leighton concur in lielieving sIk? will prevent smuggling enouuh to justify expense. (Signed) WM. A. lUCHARDSON, Acting Secretary of the Treasury. M. S. Drew, (.'ollector of Customs, I'ort Townsend, Washington Territory via Seattle. Treamiry Department, Office of the Secretary, Sir, Washington, DC, JulyTi, 1872. Referring to your comnmnication of the 22nd May last, stating that ytui had granted pasRage on the revenue-cutter " Reliance " from Kodial. to Ounalaska, Ala.ska Territory, to Professor Alplio I'inant, who is travelling in that region for the b -nefit of science, there being no other means of conveyance for him between tho.se points, and his r.je.lication having the approval of the Collector of (.'ustums at Sitka, &c., you are informed that your action in the premises, in consideration of the circumstances of the case, is apiu'oved by the Department. i am, &c. (Signed) GEO. S. BOUTWELL, ^cretary. OptJiin J. A. W^ebster, Jun., Commanding lievenue-cuttcr " Keliance." Sitka," Alaska. 67 Telegram. Treasury Department, Offlce of the Secretary, WaMrujton, B.C., July 12, 1873. Take on bonrd all necessary supplies and proceed with " Reliance " to Sitka, Alaska, and report to Collector for duty. Telegraph departure. (Signed) WM. A. RICHARDSON, Secretary. Captiiin J. 0. Uaker, Revenue-cutter " Reliance," Olympia, W.T. Treasury Dqmrtmenl, Office of the Secretary, Sir, Wanhinqton, D.C., July U, 1873. Coiilirinatory i)f my tclc^^rani of the 12th instiinl, you aw directed to t;ikc on board the revenue- cutter " Ri'liancc," midin- your cunimaml, audiciciit .supplies of jirovisions, fuel, and wntor. witli all articles hel(jnf;in;,' to the ve.s.sel, and, cverjahinj,' iM-inf; in icadiiies.s to proceed w'tli your coTiiniand to Sitka, Alaska, and report to the Collector of Customs at that port for duty in the waters ol lus collection district. You will inform the Department of the dates of your departure for, and arrival at, the station designated. I am, &c. (Signed) WM. A. RICHARDSON, Secretary. Captain J. G. Baker, Commanding Revenue-cutter " Reliance." Treasury Department, Office of the Sexretary. Sir, Wn-'ikbiijlun. D.C., May 7, 1874. I transmit herewith a copy of an Act of Congress, nppruvcd the I'-^'uii April, 187-1, autliorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to ajipiiint a Special A^'ent, aiul t!ie Secretary of the Navy to detail an ollicer of llie navv, lor tlic; i)iirpose, of visiting llie various trading stations and Indian villages in the 'I'erritory of Alaska.'lhe Seal Islands, and tlic large islands to the nortli of llieiu, iu Ueliring Sea, and collectnig and Reporting all possible authentic inforuiation upon the present condition of tlie seal fisheries ot Ahtfika, &c. You are informed that Mr. Henry W. Elliott and Lieutenant AVashburn Maynard, United States' navy, have lieen assigned to the duty -joiitemidated by the Act of Congress referred to above, and you are .lutliorized and directed, upon their application, to receive thciii on board the revenue-eutter " Reliance," under your command, and convey them to such i)oiiits in tiie region named as they iiiay desire to visit in tlie diseliarge of tlie duties imposed upon lliem by said Act. It will accordingly be necessary for you to make provision lor supplies for an extended cruize. Captain J. G. Raker, U.S.Ii.M., Commanding lievenuc-ciUter " Reliance," I'ort Townsend, W.T. I am, c&c. (Signed) F. A. SAWYER, Acting Secretary. Sir, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., May 5, 1875. Information derived from letters ot the Collector of Customs at Sitka, Alaska, from the Reports of Siieeuil Agents of the Department, and more especially from a recent coniinuuicatiou troiii the Secro- taiy of War, makes it appear necessary that a vessel sliould U: dispatched at as early a .late as possilde to the waters of Alaska, to aid in tlie suppression of smuggling llier.-. You will therefore direct Captain Scammon, ccmimandiiig the revenue-steamer "Wolcott, at your iiort, to immediately take the necessary steiis to prcjiare said vessel for a cruize to Sitlca ami such other parts of the coast of Alaska as uiioii conference with the Collector nt the latter-named port it niav Ije considered iieces.sary to visit, and, everytliing being in readiness, you will in.stnut him to pro- ceed witli tlie " Wolcott " to Sitka, and, upon his arrival, to report to the Collector there for iluty, and to oliev any (U'.lers the latter may give him as to cruizing in those waters compatible with the puriio.ses of' his voyage, and not inconsistent with his returning to Port Townsend by the 1st September next. • • • % t Henry A. Webster, Ksq., Collector ot Customs, Port Townsend, W.T. I am ar. (Signed) CHAS. F. CONANT, Acting Secretary. [117J 68 Treasurt/ Department, Office of the Sfrrelary, Sir, W'ndiiiujtim, 7/6'., Ajrril 'M, 1877. Tin; Dt'iiurtinont Imviii^' (Ictermiiu'd to ilisii;itcli tliu ivvi'iuiu-.steiuner " Itii.sli," uiidi^r your coiiimaiiil, to i:\\\\v.v. in tlio wiilcn of Aliiskn Mini mimoiil; lliu Si'iil Lslaiids for the jirotoctioii ol' llii^ si'ii- ottei- liiiiitin^-^idiuuls mid llio st'ul lisluiics, as well na llic ruvciim^ from ciistoiiiH, yon arc directed iimuediately iijioii receipt hereof to lake mi lioard that vessel .siiflicieiil .sii|i|ilies of provisions, i*i;c„ Cor a livi' months' cruize, and .such i|naMtities oi' (nel and water as can lie conveniently stonjd on lioard, and leave San Kraneiseo, with your e.ininiand, not latter than the 1st May next, for the wiitius icferred to, and nuike tlie host of your wav to the places hereafter desi;,'miled. » » ■ • • • • You will also touch at Kort Wrnnj;ol and Sitka, and leave at tho.se jilaees the copies of ]print<Mi orders* relalini,' to the ]iioiertioii of the (!o\ernmenl interests in those waters which will he fninishc'd you, and at Sitka you will confer with the t 'olleetor of ( 'astoins in relation to matler.s iiertaininj,' to the collection of the revenue in his district. From that port you will [iroeced direct to Kodiak and thence to Ounaln.ska, touchin"; at Ounjja and lielcov.ski en route, and [lostinj; at each of those places copies of the orders mentioned ahove, and conforming' to instructions comnmnicated to you in Department letter of even date herewith. Having supplied the " liush " with coal, you will cruize actively with said vessel amonj; I he Aleutian l.slands until ahont the 10th Septenilx^r, and will strictly enforce the instructions of the Department contained in the ]irinlcil orders and the letter of authority referred to ahove. To this end you will visit St. I'aul and St. (iemue at least twice during the season, and cover in your crui/inj; the sea-otter huntin^'-;.T(iunds from Kodiak to Diinidaska, and you will in the eoiirse of the .seii.son make one cruize to the wesi.ward, if iiraelicahle, as far as Attou, and touch at the principal otter-hunting station.? between that island iind Dunalaska. • ■••«• Captain Geo. W. Hailey, T.S.K.M., Commanding lievenne-steainer " Richard Kusli,' Sau Fninciseo, California. I am, &c. (Signed) .lOHX SIIEltMAN, Si)rd<iry of the Tiinxunj. Trenmiri/ Deportmeiit. Ofllee of the Seerrtary, Sir, »Wi!H///(m, yA6'., >««(•' 2H, 1R7K. The Department licvinfj determined In dispatch the revenue-steamer " Rush," miiler your command, to cruize in the waters of Alaska for the enforcement of the jirovisions of law and |irolee|i(in of the interests of the Government on the Seal Islands and sea-otter huntin;i-^Mounds of Alaska generally, you are directed to take on hoard that vessel, without delay, sullieieut sup| lies of provisions, &e., for a five inontlis' cruize, and such i|iiaiitities of fuel and water as can he eonvenienlly stored on hoard, and leave Stt)i Francisco, with your conimaMd, hy the lOth proximo, if practieahle, for the wate vs named, and make the hest of your way to the places hereinafter (h'si;,'iiated. You will ,ilso tcaich at Fort Wranj,'el and .Silka, and leave at those jilaces copies of printed orders relating to the protection of the (lovernnienl interests in those waters will lie furnished you. From the last-named )iort yon will proceed direct t<i Kodiak, and thence to Ounalaska, touching at Ounga and IJelcovski above. Ill i-oulr, and sting at each of these places copies of the orders mentioned Having supplied the " Rush " with coal Aleutian l.slands until the last of Octoher. if p the Department contained in the printed orders end you will visit .St. I'aul and St. (leoiLre at least twice during the season, aU' the sea-otter huiUiiig-grounds from Kodiak to Ounalaska, leaving an ollicer le killiu" I.sland during the sealing season to prevent tl course of the season, make one cruize to the westward, if priicticable, principal otter-hunting stations hetween that island and Ounalaska. you will cruize actively with said ve.'sel amongst the practicalile, and >vill strictly enhirce the instriiclions of the letter of authority referred lo ahove. To this cov<'r in your cruizing ind two men on Otter of seals on that island; and vou will, in the ami far Attou, and touch at the Captain G. W. Bailey, ( 'ominandiug IJevenue-steiuuer " Richard Rush.' San Francisco, California. Vorv respectfully, (Signeii) JOHN SHERMAN, Urnrlar;/. • These and odier printed orders tieri-iniifter referred to will be found at pp. 100-102 of vol. i of the .Appendix to the Cane of the United SUtM. 60 Treaiturji Department, Office, of the Secretary, Sir, 'li'iLihinnluii, Ajuit 21, LSTil Hiiriii;j the <Tiiizc' of 111" nn-i'iiiti'-stoiimur " Itiisli," uinlcr yuur ciiiiiiiiiiinl, in AlasUmi n^.tiirs, tlia eiiHiiiii;; KtMiuii, ynii will iviusi! s.iiiiiiliii,;,M, lii.'arin;,'s, ^'^'(l^'l•a|lilil.•al iiiiil ii^ticiinjiiiiial (jliscrvatinin, iioti's oil lilies ami I'lirn'iiN, ami IIm'. |u.sitiiiii of rocks, liLirs, &c,, to \>ii taken in the iiiUuvst. iil' ;iciuiicc!, and, on return uf the " Ittisli " to San l''raiiei.sfii, .submit detailed IJeport^f of tliu satno to thu Ilepartniuut for trnnsniis^iiin tn the United States' Cniust Survey. I transmit lierewitli a cuiiy of a letter ol' the IL'tli instant from th(; .Superintendent of tlie Coitst Survey, makinu su,L;.;i'stioMs in i'ei;ard I i the loeidities where .speeial olwervatiims are de;iied, as indicated on duplical.ii wets of (,'liarts furwarded herewith, oik; of which you will return wiih your Report n^ferred tn a'lovu. retainim,' the other on huard the vessid. The (.'oasf. .'survey has cxjiressed to the l)eiiartment its appreciation of the ;,'icat importance lo Hcience of Ihe infonnatinn heria')fore olitained liy yon, and yuu will ^'ivc- the Hubjecl all the attention yon may ln^ able, duTin.i; the contemplated cruize of the " Kush," without int('rferin^' wilii tlie reyulur duties of the vessel. Very rcspectfullv, (Signed) .JOII.V SilKKMAX, ,SV,rW((/-//. Captain Geo. W. Uailoy, ("imunandini^ l{ev<!nue-sti'amer " I'ichard Uusli," San Francisco, (,'aliforiiia. Tri'iisunj ])i part III rut, Offirr nf llir &rr<t'iri/. Sir, ' U'linliinijtoii, Man lo, 1 880. The De])arLiuent havini; determined to dispatch the rcv(Miue-stcamcr " L'orwin," under your command, to cruizo in the waters of Alaska for the enforcement of the pruvisions of law and prntection of til!! intercsls of the (Joveniment on the .Seal Islands and the sea-otter huntini,'-grouncls, anil of Aliuska 1,'enerally, you ere direitted to taki; on board that vessel, without delay, supplies of jirovisions for a six months cruize, and sullicient quantities of fuel and water, and leave .San Francisco, with your command, not later than the 'I'lwX instant for the waters named, and make the liust of your way to the places hereinafter desij;nated. It i." desiralile that you shuuld be in liehriuj' f^ea and the Arctic Ocean as early in tlie season as the opcninj; of navii-ation will |)erniit. You will accordingly proceed from San Francisco direct to Ounalaska, and on arrival there will take in a fresh supply of coal. From this point you will ]iriiieed to Norton .Sound, touching at the Seal Islands on your way. You will leave an ollicer and two men on lOtter Island, fur the |Hir[iosc of proteclin;,' the seals there, unless you should deciu it necessary to take all your conimiuid with you in your further cruize to the northward. It is expected that you will time the movements of your vessel so as to arrive in Xorton Sound before liehriu;,' .Straits are open for the passage of vessels, and that you w'ill avail yourself of the lirst opportunity to push into the Arctic Ocean. ' • • « • ♦ • By reference to the Heport I'f Captain Oenrge W. Hailey. United .States' Iicveiiue Marine, who commanded the revenue-steanier " Kiish " in her cruize last year in Alaskan waters, yiiu will observe that Kiitzebiic .Smmd in the .Vrctic Ocean is reported as thi! rendezvous of a number of vessels engaged in illicit traHic wifli the natives nf Alaska in rum and lire-arms. You will use your utmost endeavours to apprehend any such vessels as you may liud thus eug.aged, and break up their illegal trade. • •••»• .Should you be able lo accomplish your mission in the Arctic Ocean early in the se;uson, or tind it nece.s.sary, in carryiu'.; out these instructions, tu return to the Seal Islands before the usual time (say, the 10th October) for the reliiru of t!ie revenue-steamer from those waters, you will make a cruize to the wctward from Ounalaska as far as .Vttou, with the general object of (irotecting the sea-otter hunting-grounds, and breaking iii' the business of Ihe illicit traders who freipieiit tliu.se waters. • • ' • • • • You will, whenever o|iportunity presents, transmit to the Department Ucports of the progress of your cruize. Verv ivsjiectbillv, (Signed) .lOl'lN SHKiniAX, Srrrtanj. Captain ('. I.. Hooper, ('(Mumaiiding Rcvenue-stiMimer " Corwin," San Krauci.sco, Califnruia. Treasuri/ Vejinrlmcnt, Office of the Seeretan/, Sir, 'ir-r.s7iiH'/''"t, .'/",'/ lo, 1880. Ileferring lo Department letter of this date, directir.g you to proceed with the revenue-steamer " Corwin," under your command, to Alaska, on special duly in connection with the seal lisherios, you are hereby clothed with full jiowcrs to enforce the law contained in the provisions of Section lO.^tiof the United States' Revised Statutes, and directed to seize all vessels and arrest and turn over to the proper authorities any or all persons wdiom you may detect violating the law referred to, after due notice shall have beeu given. 70 You will nlso seize any liquors or nrms nttnnipted to he introihieod into tlin country without proper i.crmit, undiT tin; ])rovisioiis of Section the President dated the -Uli Kcl)ruiiry, 1870. A copy of said I'roclaniation is inclosed. Captain C L Hooper. Cornnandin;,' licvenne-slciiiner " Covwin.' San Fruneisco, I'alilornia. 'J(i5 of the IJevised Hlalutes, and tlie I'roelanialiun of Very re.spertfullv, (Signed) .lOilN SHKItMAN, &m/.'ri^. Treasvri) Ihpnitmrvt. Office «/ Ihe, Snrdnry, Sir, »W,iH-//„«. /AC, ,-l;,n7 21, IHHl. Tlic hcparlnient liavin;.^ di'tevniincd to dispatch tlu; rcviMiui'-steanicr "Corwin, under your command, to cnii/.c in tlie waicr.f of Alii.->l;a I'cr the enforcement ol' llic provi.sions of law and llie pro- tection of tlic interests on the (iov<'rnnK^nt of the Seal Islands and tlic sea-otter hnn'.inj^-iirounds, and Alaska i;cn('ialiy, yon aic directed to take on hoard that vesscd, without delay, supplies of provisions for a six namtlis' crui/.i', and sullicicnt (piantities of fuel and water, and leave San Krancisco, witli yuur command, not later than tlu' 1st proximo, for the waters named, and make tlie hest of your way tii the pl.ices la^rcinafter designated. It is desiralile that you should he in Behrinj; .Sea and tln^ Arctic Ocean as early in tin' .'feason as the openiuL; of luivij^atiun will permit. You will aecordin;.,dy jiixjceeil from Sati Friineisco direct to Ounnla.ska, and on arrival there will take in a fresh snj'ply of (■(i:\\. From this point yon will proceed to the Arctic Itccan, louchinj; at the Seal Islands and at St. Michael's, if jiracticahle, on your way. Y(ui will leave an odiier and two men on Otter Island for the pnriiose of ])rutectinf,' the seals there, unless, after conferring with the Special Afjent in charf;e of the Seal Islands, yon shotdd deem it necessary to take all your command with you in your further cruize to the northward. Shoidd you enter Xortiui Sound, it is expected you will time the movenuints of your vessel so as to arrive in those waters hefore lielinn,!,' Straits are open lor the passable of vessids. l''(j|lowin.i,' the instrnctifuis for your cruize of last ye;ir ^'ovcrning the illicit traliic witii the natives, hy unauthorized jiarties, in fire-arms, ammunition, and distilled sjiirits, you will n.se your utmost endeavours to apprehend any vessels you may find enj.'aged in such illicit traffic, and break up their illegal trade. Captain ('. I.. TIo(jppr, CoPMnanding lievenue-stcainer " Corwin,' San Francisco, California. Very respectfully, (Signed) WILLIAM WINDOM, Secretary. Treamin/ Dr/inrtrrifnt, Office, of the Secrclnry, Sir, WdshinijUm, D.C., A]frU lil, 1881. Eoferring to Department letter of this date, directing yon to proceed with the revenue-steamer " Corwin," under your command, to Alaska, on special duty in connection with the seal fi.sheries, you are herehy clothed with ftdl ])o'\ers to enforce the law contained in the provisions of Section 1956 of the United States' lievised Statutes, and directed to seize all vessels and arrest and turn over to the pro])er authorities any or all persons whom you may detect violating the law referred to, after due notice sludl have hcen given. Herewith is transndtted, for y(nir iidormatiim and guidaiue, a cojiy of Department letter of the IL'th ultimo.* addressed to Mr. D. A. d'Ancona, of San Francisco, interpreting the law ri;;nlating the killing of fur-heaiing animals in the Territory of Alaska. You will also seize any tire-arms, nmnnmition, and distilled spirits attempted to he introduced into the country without proper ]iermit, under the jnovisions of Section 1955 or the Revised Statutes, and the Proelaniation of the i'resident dated the 4th I'"chruary, 1870. A copy of said rroclamation is inclosed. Very respectfully, (Signed) WILLIAM \S\m^OM, Sccntnry. Captain ('. L. Hooper, Connnanding Ke.venue-ste.amcr " Corwin," San Francisco, California. Treasury Deportment, Office of the Secrtlary. Sir. Waiihiiujlim, D.C., Avyi(.il 9. 1881. You are directed, as soon as practicnblo after the receipt hereof, to take on hoard the necessary suiiiilies of juovisions, &c., for a two months' cruize, together with such (piantities of fuel and water as m.ay be necessary, and proceed with the revenue-steamer " Hush," under your c(uiiniand, on a cruize to Ahtska, for the jmrpose of ]irotecting the seal fisheries and the sea-otter hunting-gi-oimds against the dejiredatious of uuauthorized parties, and looking after the interests of the Government generally in that terntorj-. * See vol. i of the Appendix of thu Case of tbe United States, p. 102. 71 Villi will lirst toiirli nt Ouimlaskii, ami will piocwd tliciito tii tliu Islands of St. George and St. I'inil, anil ('(mlVr witli llic Special A^ciit in cliai;;!' of the Mial lislirrifs. At llic liisl-naiiicil jiiJit villi will take mi .siirli .sii|i|iliis nf t'licl lioiii tlmt in store lu'longing to the Beveniii' .Mariim Si'iviii' as may Ik^ iiL'ce.-isarv foi' vuur cniiziii;,'. Inrliisiil villi will liiiil nipii'H of (•iiiniiiiiiiicatinn in livcil at tlic Treasury Department, from which it Mp]peuis llial a sy.stem of illiril Iniilinj.' ami unlawful i ^iii^' nf .seals ami other fur-heurin^; aiiiiual.s i.s beinu' rurrieil on hy small vessels amiiiij,'sl the wali of the Aleutian archipelaou. The schooners " Flyiiiu' Mist," ('aptfiiii Wallcii', " Uuer," Captain l.i lijolin, ami " Ahjxander," Captain Libby, are ri'polteil as liein;,' en),'a,'.;eil, or ahout to eiij^ajie, in this unlawful work. Ineloseil, also, you will liiul a copy of the ilecision of ihe |ii partiiieiit in the case of Mr. il'Ancona. from whiiji yoii will see that no persons, e.\c(.')itiiin those duly iiuthon/id hy the JJepartinent, have »he riijht to take .seals or other lur-bearini,' aiiinials anywheri^ within Alaskan waters. l!y the same letter the limits of what are known as .Vlaskan v ater; ari' detiiied. You will exercise the utmost vi^iilanco in your search foi' parties eie.4a,i,'eil in tratlic, and in the seal and fur lisheries, ciuitiary to law or the liegiilations of the LlcpartniLnt, and will .'^eize any vessels or persons thus eiiKBced. Should you seize any vessel, you will obtain all possible evidiiice rufianling her illegal pursuits, and didiver her to the Colhctor of Customs at the port of ."^an Iiiim isco. l-'niiii the. Seal Islands you w ill make a cruize to the westward as far us Attou, if practicable, with a view to iirotecliii^c the sea-otter liuntinu' ;,'roiiiiils, and will lelurn thence by way of Oiinalaska, from which point you will proceed a .second time to the Seal Islands, keeiiiiij,' a sharp outlook for marauding vessels. Thence you will return to Sun Francisco by way of Kodiak and Sitkii, at which latter place you will commiinii'ate with the Collector of Custom.s, anil receive from bini such inforraation or suggestions as he may have to offer. Aftcir leaving the latter port you will touch at Victoria for a supply of coal, if necessary. Should you ])nrchase coal at this place, y.iii will ri-r i- bills therefor to the Department. Villi will report to the Deiiarfnieiit by telegraph the u.iy when you are ready to sail. It is desired that you enter upon this cruize with the least practicable delay. You will submit a full Ueport of your cruize under these instructions. Verv respectfullv, ^Signed) Wli.LIAM WINDOM, Secretary. First I.iinitonant M. A. TTealy, Commandin',' lievenue-steanier " Rush," .Sin Francisco, Califoruiii. Trmsiinj lh-j)ii)iiiitnt, Office of the Recrdarri, Sir, Wii-shiixjlon. D.C., April 12, 1S82. The Department having determined to dispatch the nveiiue-steamer "Corwin," under your coinmand, to cruize in the waters uf Alaska for the eiiforeenient of the provisions of law and protection of the interests of the (lovernnieiit on the Seal Islands and the .sea-otter buntilig-groiuids, and of Alaska generally, you are directed to take on board that vessel, uithout delay, siilticieiit supplies of provisions for a six months' cruize, and such <iuantities of fuel and water as can be conveniently stored on board, and leave .San Fiancisco with your command not later lliaii (be _'."ith in.stant for the waters named, and make the best of your wav to the places hereinafter desiiiiiated. • • " " • • ■' • • Having supplied the "Corwin " with coal, you will cruize actively with said vessel amongst the Aleutian Islands, and in Xorton and Kot/elnie Sound.-, going as far as I'oint Harrow, if found practicable, until the L'Otli October next, and will strictly eiiloice the instructions contained in the printed orders and the letter of authority rel'erred to above. To this end you will visit St. Paul and St. (ieorge at least twice during the season, and cover in your cruizing; the sea-otter hunting grounds from Kodiak toOunalaska, leaving an olllcer and two seamen on Otter l.sland during the sealing .season to prevent the killing of seals on that isliind, and you will, in the cour.se of Ihe .season, make one cruize to the Westward, if practicalil between that island and Uuualaska. as far as Attou, iind touch at tlie |iriiici|ial otter-hunting .stations Lieutenant M. A. Healy, Commanding Kevenue-steamer " Corwin,' Sun Fiuncisco, (Jalifornio. Very respectfully, (Signed) CllAS. .]. FULGKli, Secrdury. 'I'ir((!iiii-if J'lpiii-uiiiHl, Otfitr of /In- Srtrliiri/, Sir ' H'(i.-i/iiii:)tvn, M'nij ] 1, 18S.'!. file Departnienl having deicrmiued to dispatcli the revcnue-sieamer " (Airwin," under your conimaiid, to cruize in the waters of Alaska for the enforcement of the provisions of law and protectiou of the interests of the Liovernment on the Seal Islands and the sea-otter hunting-grounds, and of Alaska generally, you are directed to take on board that vessel, without delay, sulticieiit supplies of provisions for a live nionths' cruize, and such (pianlities of fuel and water as can lie conveniently stowed on board, and to leave San Francisco with your command by Monday, the "Jlst instaut, if practicable, for the waters named, and uiuke the best of your way to the places hereinafter designated. [117] U 72 Yon will tnnoli nt T)npnrtnrr T'liy. iind trtlro nn linnrd all t1ii> ciial that tlip " Corwiii " ciin mirry ronsistiMilly witli salVty, liills tor whirli, |irii|ii'i'lv ccrtilicil, you will lr;iii>iiiil lo tlii! Depart iiii'iil. Voii will also toiidi at Koil Wiaii'4i'l ami Siika, and Kiavr at those placi's iIk' coiiii'S of prinlcil orders relatiiii; to the iiiotei'tion of the tioviTiiiiii'iit iiilorests in those waters whieh will he finiiished you. • ♦•••• Havinj; siippliL'd said vessel willi i- Mil, you will crvii/.ii activoly with yimr cotnniaiid amonj,'st tiio Aleutian ishiiiils and in Ncu'ton and Kotzehue Sounds, i,'oinf,' as far as l'i>int Marrow, if found piaiiicalde, until the L'Uth October lu'xi.and will strielly enforee t\w inslruelions iMjritaincd in llie printed orders and the letter of authority of this datc\ To this ejid yoii will visit St. I'aul and St. (ntorj;e at I'ast Iwiee duriu',' the ,sea-on, anil cover in your cruizing the s,'a-otier hiintin','-;,'roiind from Kodiak to ( )unalaska, leaving,' an otlicer ami two.seannui on Otter Island durinv; the .sealin;^' .season to prevont the killing of seals lui that island, and yon will, in the cour.se of the seiusiui, niakis on« cruize to the wcstwaril, if practicahle, as far a.s Attou, and touch at tlu^ principid otter-hunting stations between that i.sland and Ounalaska. • ••••• Very respectfully, (Signua) ClIAS. J. FOLGER, &(•(•<•<(',//. Captain M, A. Healy, Commandiug Uuveimo-steamer "Corwiii," San Francisco, Calilorniu. Trensiirii Di'/trirtniinf, Of/In- nf tlir Scnlnr/j, Sir, " Wti^hinijUm, Mill/ 1 1, IH8:!. I^eferrin,^ to Departniont letter of this date, direetin;,' ycai to proceed « ith the reveinie-.steaiucr " Corwiti," under your coniuiaiid, to Alaska, on .special duty in connection with the seal lisheries, you are hnrehv clothed with full powers to enforce the law contained in the jirovisions of Section lO.'iti of the Uidteit States' lievisi'd Statutes, and instructed to seize all vessels and arrest and deliver to the proper authorities any or all persons whom you may detect violating,' the law ri.'fernal to, after due notici' shall hav(' heen ;,'iv(ui. You will also .seize any lii|Uors or arms attem|it(ul to he introduced into liie cimntry wiilaait proper permit, under the jn'ovisicnis of Section 195') of the Itevis.Hl Statutes, and the I'roolainatiiin of the President dated the -Ith February, 1S70. Very respect fn II v, (Sifincd) ('HAS. J. VO\X\VA\ firnrliiry. Captain M. A. Ilealy, Commanding; Hevonue-steanier "Corwin," San Francisco, California. Treasurii Drpnrtmfni , Ojjier nf llir SrcreUiry, Sir, 'Wmhiniihm. April 18, 1884. The Department having determined to dispatch the revenue-steanu'r " Corwin," under your command, to cruize in the waters of .Vlaska for the enforcement of the provisions of law and ]aiitectiou of the interests of the (Jovernment, on the .Seal Islands and sea-otter hunlin.ii-pounds, anil ol .Vlaska generally, you are directed to taki' on board that vessel, without delay, sulllcieiit supplies of provisions for a si.x months' cruize, tind such quantities of fuel and water as can be conveniently stowisl on board, and to leave Han Francisco with your command by thi> 2fith instant, if practicalile, for the waters named, and make tlie best of your way lo the ])laces herein.ifler desij;naled. You will proceed first to Ounalaska, where you will take a sujiply of coal from ihat in store belonging to the Uevenne Marine; from this point you will cruize actively with yiuir command in Norton and Kotzehue Sounils, going as far as I'oint Harrow, if fo\ind practicable, and amongst the Aleutian Islands, continuing your cruizing until the 20th (.)clober next. Yini will strictly enfm-ce the instructions contained in the printed orders and the lettiir of authority of this date, clothing you with power to make arrests, &c. To eflcctv.ally guard the seal lisheries and protect the seal life, yon will visit St. Paul aiul St. George at least twice during the season, .and you will cover in your cruizing the sea-otter hunting- grounds from Kodiak to Ounalaska, leaving an oMicer and two seamen on Otter Island ilurini/ the sealing season to prevent the killing of seals on that island. You will at least once in the course of tlie .season make a cruize to the westward, as far as Altnu, if practicable, touching at the ]irinei])al otter-hunting .stations between that ishind and Ounalaska. Captain M. A. Healy, Commanding lievenue-steamer "Corwin," San Francisco, California. Very respectfully, (Signed) ('HAS. ,1. ¥Ol.GVAi, Secretary. Treasvrii Di/iKftun iif, O/fiir nf t/tr Seintnry, Sir, 'ir:i.t/(tiiiit,iii,.t/'i,-U 18, 1885. Tlie Pepnrtnient liavinj; •littriniiUMl ti> ilispiilc li tlie ri'Veiint'-stiuiiiiM- "t'onviii," uinici- your coniiiiaiid, to cniizi! in t!](^ walcix nl' Aluska lur the I'nfiin'cmiMil iil' the liMvisidiis nf law ami prDtcctimi of till' interests (if tlie (Jiiveiiiiin'iil mi 1 lie Seal Islamls and scii-iitter luiiitiii','-i.'r"iiiiils, unci (pf Alaska gt^nerally, vciii are directeil Id lake mi luiaid tluit vessel, witliunl delay, snilieieiil sn|p[dii'S cpf innvisions for a six iiimitlis' rniize, and smli (jiianlities of fuel iind water as can lie ediiveniently slowed mi Iniard, and li'avi' San I'laneiseo with yppiir eoinniand by llie Ijritli iiistiml, if jirac:tiealile, lor the waters uaiiied, ami make the hesl of yiair way lo the |ilai'es herealter desi),'naleil. You will ]pr"i'eeil first to Onnalaskii, where you will take (Pii a sniiply of I'oal from th.'xt in storn bel'injiin^ to tlie lieveiiiie Marine. Kippiii this |ioiiit yipii will ciiiize aelively with your emiiniaml amoU'.'st Ihi' Aleutian Islamls, miipI in Niprton ami Kppt/elnie Sipiinds. and you will l;o as far us I'diiit Parrow, if I'oiiml |iractiealile, ecpiiliniiin'j your erniziiij,' until the L'Olh Orlolier ni'Xl. You will strictly enfoni' the instnictions tontainni in the printed orders, and the letter of aiitlimity ipf this dale, elothin;,' yiPii with posver to make arrests, I'iie. To elfeetnally j,'iiaril the seal lisheries, and jiroteet the seal life, you will vi.sit and eruizu ill the nei;;Iilionrli I of .St. Paul and St. (lem^c at least t«iee diirim,' the season, and you will eover in your crni/.inji the sea-otter liiintin.i;-;,'rouiids from Ki'iliak to < )iimdaska, le.ivin;; mi ipltieer and two seamen on Olter Island diirinj; the .sealing season to jirevent the killiiij,' of seals mi that island. You will at li'iist onee in the eiairse of the sea.son make a erilize to the westwanl, as far as Attou if practicable, touchiiii; at the principal otterdiuuting .stations lietwi'en that island and Ounaluska. iti * * * « * Very respect full v. (Signed) 1.). JIAN'XIX'i, S<-W((.-y. Captain ^f. \. Ilealy, (omnianiling Ituvcnue-steamer " t'orwin," .Sau Kranei.seo, C'al.fornia. TrcdKiirji Di Jilt rliih lit, Ol/ia- of tin- Sfiniiiri/, Sir, 'W'li.-iliiiiiili'ii. A/'iril 18, 188j. Iteferriiii,' to Departmi'iit letter of this date, direetint; you to jiroeeed with the revenue-steamer "t'orwin," under your eommaiid, to .Maska, mi speeial duty in emineitiipii with the seal lisheries, you are lierehy ehitlie.l with full powers to enfpiree the law oipiitained in the ludvisioiis of .Section Xo. 1!I.")0 of tlii^ I'niled Stati's' lievised Statutes, and directed to seize all vessels and arrest and deliver lo the proper authorities any or all persons whom you may delect violatin,;; the law referred to, aftc- due noLiee shall have heeii given. You will also seizp' any liipior.s or anus attempted to he introdneed iiitpp the cimntry without proper jieriiiit, under the jprovisions of Section lOoii of the lievi.sed Statutes, ami the I'locUiniation of the I'l-csiilent dated the -Itli Keliruary, 1870. Very respeetfiillv, (Signed) D -M.VNXIXG, &o-rf«r//. Captain JI. \. Healy. ( onimanding Uevenue-steanier " t'orwin." Sau Francisco, California. Tirit.Mri/ Di' I'd dull lit, Ofiiic v,f tlie Snietary, Sir, WK.^Iiiniitiiii. J/»ci/ 21. 188(i. The Department h.a.s determined to dispatch the revenue-steamer " Hear," nr.o. -oiir coiiiniand, on a cruize to the Seal Islands, and into the Arctic Ocean, for the enforcement o'' die provisions of law and the protection of the interests of the Ciovernment in that territory; also to search for and obtain information, if possible, of tlie ollici^rs and crew (thirty-live jier.sons in all) of the whalinij baripie " Amethyst," which vessel was bust seen in the Arctic Ueean, olV Cape Lisburne, the 12tli October, 188.5, and is supposed to have been lost on one of the islands iu Behring Sea. 74 Yrii will therefdn; iiniiiuiliatcly piv]mr" for the vny.ige, tiikinj; on Imnrd siiflirii'nt siipplii'S of provifioif. !(.:■ n six nioiitlis' cniizr, nnd siicli iniantilii's of fiicl mul water aa can lie coiivi'iiiciitly stoWL'ii (111 liiiard, ami ]vix\\'. San Fnuiciseu with ynnr ciniiinanil at tlu' cailii'st date ]inittifalilr, and make tlio licst nf ymir \\<iv to tlio ])laces luMiiuatiL'i designated, and to such other jioiiits as you may derm iKlvi'-ablc tor the ))ui|:osP3 stated. You will pMci/d liist to Onnaln-ka. where ymi will take a sujiidy of eoal from that in store belon.uiu^; :" the lievemie Maiiiie, and ihence to the Seal Island? and into the Arelic Ocean, ;,'oinf; as far north as Point r>.irro\v, if found practical ile, and continuing,' your cruize as late into the .season as may seem to you to he advisahle. Y(ai will strictly eiihirce the instnictionp contaiiu'd in the jirinti'd orders anil the letter of Uiithority of this date, eluthiiin vou with jiewer to make arrests, &c. • » ■ ■ I- • ♦ • From tile nature of the duties in which yi u ,'iiid your coniiiian.i are ahcait to ent;ai{e, a yreat deal in'^st of necessity he left to ycur jmhjmeiit, and, from ytair fornier s<'rvices and exjierienee in the water-; of .Alaska, the |le|paitieeu' I'eels justiiieil in leaving tlu; details of your cruize to your discretion. You will tele^rap!'. the dal'. of your de),iarturo from Sau I'Vauciseo, and of the return of your command to tliat port. KespectfuUv yours, (Signed) (!'. S. KAlltCHILI), ('a]itain Af. A. Ileaiy, Actiiuj Hirntiiri/. Conim'oi.Hiii,' lleveuuc steamer " l?ear," San Franei.seo, (,'alifornia. Ircasnrii Di} .irtmrnl. (Iffirr tif the flrnrlrtri/, Sir, 'llV.',''(/i-/j(m, ^///)-i7 lii, 1H80. Keferrinj; lo Deparluieiit le'ter of this d-^te, directinj; jou tr, proceed with the leveiiuc-steanier " Ilenr," uudci- your command, i the .-^eal Islands, &(•., \ou are hereby dotlied with full power to enforce the law contained in the provisions of Sectiiai lilolj of the Tniled States' Kevi.scil Statutes, and directed to .seize all ve.s.sels pinl an<".v and deliver to thi' proper authorities any or all persons whom you may liet'cl violating the law referred t", after dm; notice »!■ d! have been niveii. You will el-" seize any liijuors ir lire-arms atteni](ted to be introduced into the ■ caintry without pvo)ier jieiaii under the ]iro\-,iionH ^.i' iDection 19JiJ of the liuvised Statutes, and the Proclamation of the President daled 4th February, 1870. liespr ctlully .yours, (Sillied) ■ .':. S. FAIRCHILD, ("aptain J[. .V. Ileah- Artiti;/ Secretary. ('ommandiii}; !icvenue-.-,teainor ' Hear," San I'iaiici.'ico, Californ'-!. Triiisiir'i DfjMirtmint, Offirr cf l/ir SfnTtiirij, Sir, Wii.i/ii7i>/fim, Mill/ iH. 1X80. The Department haviiij; determined to dis|iat(h the re\cnue-steamer "Ciawin." under your command, for a cruize in the waters of Alaska lor th" eid'oi.'emeiit of the jirovisions n{ law and the protection of the interests of the (ioveiTiaent on the Seal I.slands and sea-otter huntin|.;-yrounds, and of Alaska },'cnerally, you are directed lo take on board the " Corwin," without delay, sullicieiit s\ipjdies of ]irovis,ons for a four months' cruize, and such i|iiantities of fuel and wati'r as can lie (■onxeniently stowed on bo.ird, and leave .\s!oria with your commaml at the earliest date practicable fur llu! waters uained, and make the best of yiuir way to the places hereinafter designated. You will proceed lirsl to ('unalaskn, when,' you will take a supply of mal from that in .store iielonjiiiu,' 111 the Itevenue .Marine. From this point you will cruize actively with your command aniiiiijist the .Vleutian Islands, mid in the vicinity of the Seal Isl.inds, j;oing as far north a< SI. Mathew'.s Isl.iiid, and eoutinuinj,' your cruize until the latter jiart of Seplemlier, unless sooner nlieved by the rcvenue-steiuuer ' Pear," which vessel is now on a •■ruize to the .\rctic. and is expected lo arrive at the Si'iil Islands on her return trip between the 1st and l.")th September iiexl. You \,ill striclly ladorci! tho iiislructions contained in the printed orders and the letter of aulli(uily of this date, clothiiif,' you with power to make arrests, &e., and you will endeavour to ell'ectiially ;;uard tlu' .seal lisli(;ries and protect the seal life ; and to this end you w ill lay oil' and on, around the Seal Islands, the ;;reater pari of the time, makiuj,' occasional visits to I'nu'a and I'lelcuvski in the sea-<itter interests. If |iractiiable. ycm will make one cruize durin;^ the season to the westward, as far as Attoii, tiuichiu!,' at the principal otter- hunt iiii,' stations between that island and i >uiialaska, at which latter ]ihice you will take on your sup|ilie3 of fuel and water. KcspectfuUv vmirs, (Si;;ned) " C. S. FA 1 1;< 111 1.1), Ca) tain Charles A. Abbey, Ai/m:; tin-rrtnry. ('ommandiiiL; Pevinue-steamer " Corwin," Astoria, Oregon. 76 Tmistiry DrpuTtmrnt, Offur of llir Si-cretnnj, Sir, Wmhiivilnn, ihiy 28, lX8(i. IJffiTriiij,' 111 I)r;i;irtiiiciit IfttiT of this (latf, ilirccliii',' voii tn pnicwd with tlii; rcviauic-stiuiiiiur "Cnrwiii." iiikUt joiu' rdiniiiuiiil. In Alaska, on spucial cliity in coiiiicitidii with tho seal fislioriis, you ai-c licirliy clotlii'<l willi full power to ciilorcL' tlif law contaim.'d in tlic piovisionH ol' Sccliun 19.1G of the Uiiiteil Slates' 1-I(^vise4 Staliitc'", anil ilirected to seize all vessels and arrest and deliver to the proper anthoiities any or all pi'rsons whom yo'i may detect violating the law referred to, after due notiee shall have l>(;en f,'ivi'n. You will also seize any liipmrs or arms attempted to lie introjueed into the country wilhout proper permit, under the provisir is of Section 19u.') of the lievised Statutes, and the rroelamaliou of the rresident dated the Ith Fel-u r , 1870. Captain C A. Ahhey, C'ommandiii!,' lievcmic-stenmer " Corwin," Astoria, Oregon. Ite.sjiectfully yours, (Signed) C. S. I'AlliCllILl), Avtiiuj Secrrlary, Treasury Dipmtmint, Office of the Sccrctrtry, Sir, Wdxhiwjkm, May 10, 181S7. The Department liaH determined to dispatch the n'veiiue-steamer " Hear," under your command, on a cruize to Ihe Seal Islands and into the Arctic Ocean for ihe enforcement of the provisions nf law and the protection of the interests of the (iovernment in the- Territoiy of Alaska. Ynu will imme- diulely pri'pare for the voyage, and leave San Francisco, witli your conniiand, at the earliest <i.ite prac- ticahle. an(i make the best of your way to the places hereinafter designaled, and to such other points a.s y(ai may deem advisalile for the purposes staled. Von will |iroceeil lirst to 0\in.ilaska, wln're you will take on hoard .such quantity of coal a.s may be needed from that in store belonging to the Revenue Marine. Thence you will proceed to the Seal Islands, whete ycui will remain to guard the seal lisheries and protect the seal life until relieved by anolhiT revenue- vessel. Upon being relieveil froui this duty you will continue to cruize in I'.ehring Sea and along the eoa-t of ,\laska, visiting the Islands of St. Matliew and St. Uiwrence, and the .several trading posts aloiig the i-oast. ShouM you deem it necessary for the jirotection <if the ( iovernment interests, you are authorized to proceed into the Arctic Ocean as far as I'oinl U.irrow. if in yoiii judgment it can be done wilhiail endangering the ves.sel. You will time your cruize so as to return to the Seal Islanils aliout the loth Sepleiidjer ne.Nt. and vou will remain in tla^ vicinity of those islands as late in the month of October as you may consider iu"ssaiy to protect the (.jovernineiit interests there, and upon your return you will jadcied d.irect i'roi Ounalaska lo San Kiancisco, unless it shimld be necessary for you to go to Sitka on accamt of nnv seizures that niav be naide bv vo'.i or bv the revenue-steamer " Un.sh." • '»""• • • # For your guidatici' in |iiotecting the interests of the (Iovernment on this cruize, yiair .ittetitiou is invited to the special instructions of even date herewith. Keapectfully Vouis, (Signed) 0. S. FAllMTIll.l), ,SVc..r/'(n/ Caiiiain AI. A. Ilealy, Comnmnding Kevenue-.steanier " Hear," San Francisco, t'alifornia. 1 year old. Yon will use the force at your eoium.md t>. the end that no pcr:;on^ attached to or lonia'cied with an V vessels of the L'latcd States violate tiiis law, and will .strictly cnlurce the penalties pni% idcd lot such violation. vioiaiion. Yon will be diligent in enforcing .hc' laws against the iniiionaiion oi breach-lo.uling riths ami amumiution into the Territory of .Vhiska, your attcnt K.xeriilive Order ol the lib .May, INS7, .i copy of which is inclosed. Kt>.;lii.r>t f'llllv Viiiii'.i iniiiorlation of into.sicating licpiors and ion being ilireclcd to the Ciptam .M. \. Ilealy, Commanding llevenne-steaiuer " Hear." San Francisco, California. licspectfully ycairs, (Si.gned) l"'. S. FAl l;cll II. 1 >, .Salary. L117J X 76 Tckijmm. Tivn.Hvrt/ Drp'irtmcnt, Oflkr of Uir Sccretunj, 'W<i«lntigt,.i,. Minj 18, 1887. First ]>ara;,'r:\]ili of your instniiiinns rdati's to ill! voswls roiiinl williiii \.\w limits iif Alaska Terri- tory, or in tlio wati'vs tlicrcnr, I'lv^Mu'cil in vioUitiii'^ the jirovi.siuns iil' Si-ction iltnii, Ituvisud Statntes. Till' spucilic nmntinn of Anwrican v(s-;i'ls lias n-l'iTcnee to vinlatiim of Section llKJl, I'nviaed Statutes, and applies to tlieni wherever I'laiml violating tho law. (Signed) Hldir S. THOIII'SOX, Captain M. A. llealy, Acliny Secrdnry. (.'omuiandiui,' lievpnue-steanier " Bear," San I'"rancisc;o, (.'alifornia. Trcti.vin/ Di/uirfiiiiiif. Ofjirr vf Ihr Seir'/i'.n/. Sir ' U''idi)i;//(i,i, M'ly 28, 1887. Till! Dop.irtment having; detennineil todis]ialrli tlie revi'inie-steanicr " linsh," nnder your eiininiand, for a ernize in the waters of Alaska for the enfiireement of the iirovisions of law in tlmse. waters, and for the ]iroteetion of the interests of the (loveninient on Ihe Seal 1-^lands, you are directed In leave San Kriincisco, with your connnaiul, at the earliest dale praelicahle, lor the waters iianieil, and make the liest of your way to the jilaees hereinafter desiu'nateit. You will proceed tirst to Ounalaska. where you will lake a suiiply of eoiil lioiu ilial in store beloiiying to the Revenue Marine. 'I'hence you will proceed to the Seal Islands, re' ' , the re veuue-sl earner "liear" I'roiu duty at that place, and cruize actively with your comman i ;;', ;he view to ellectnally t;uard the seal li.sheries and jmitect I lie seal life. To this euil you .• 1! ' . off and on around the islands the greater part of the time, returning at intervals to Ouniiiaska for e.oal. You will remain iu the vicinity of the Seal Islands until tho latter part of .Septendier next, unless sooner relieved hy the steamer " I'ea]'," which ve.s.sel is expected to icturn to Ihe islands between the l.st and 5th Septi'uiher next. -Vfter hein.u relii'ved by the " 15ear " you will, if ]iraclicable, visit the Islands of Tiic;a and Belcovskie, in Ihe sea-otter interests, and such other jioints in that portion of .Vla-^ka as may reipiire your attention, and will then return to San Francisco. For your guidance in protecting the interests of the Oovenuneut on this cruize, your attention is invited to the special instructions of even date herewith. In carrying lait these instructions, you will cruize the " IJusli " under canvas, to assist steam, as far as may be practicable. RespectfuUv yours, (Signed) "(';. .S. VMllcmU), Hemtanj. Capt.ain L. G. .Shopard, Commanding lii'venne-stcanier " Rush," San Francisco. California. Tintuvry Ui'/>iii-tiiirn>. Offlrr nf Ihe Hii'Ttldrtj. Sir, ' » ».s/, Uiijlva, M'i'ii/ 28, 1 887. Referring to DepiirlmenI lelter of ihis date, direcling yon to proceed with the. revenue-sUMimer " Rush" to the SimI Islands, iV.e., you are hereby clotlied with full power to enforce the law contained in Sei'tion l'.).">6 of tlie 1,'uited Slates' Revised Statutes, which prohiliits Ihe killing of any otter, mink, marten, sable, or fur-se.il, or other fur-bearing animals, within the limits of Alaska Territory, or in tho waters thereof, except as )irovided in .Sections llKil) and I'.'tJ'J of said Statutes, and Depaitnient Regulations of the Jlst .Vjiril, IST'.I. Your attention is called to Section lOlil of Ihe Revised Statutes, which forbids the killing anywhere of female seals and seals hi.ss than I year old. Captain L. G. .Shepard, Commandiitg Revenue-steamer " Ru.sh,' San Francisco, California. Respi'otfully yours, (Signed) ('. S. FA1I)( IIIM), ,"?rtTri(rrv TriiiHiiff/ Di I'll rime III, Offi'T i>f Ihf Hecrrliiri/, Sir, ' lfii.^l,ui;ili,ii. Mill/ li,S, 1887. Referring to letter of this date, containing instructions iii relalion lo ihe eiilbieenient of !he laws pertaining lo the killing of .seals, \'c., you ai'C informed lliai similar iustruetious were recently sent to ("ai)l,ain M. A. ilealy. c.oniniandiug the revenue-steamer " lliar." who telegraphed for more dclinito directiou.s, .\ iMpy of the reply lo thetelegrani of that onicer is inclosed, for your informalimi. Respeetfnllv vours, (Signed; " C. 8. FAIRCHILI), ^crc/nn/. < laptain L G. Shepard, ('ominanding Kevenne-steaiiKir " Rush," San t'ninci.seo, (Jalifornia. 77 Noli:. — ('opi<!s of tlio follciwiiiL; Iclli'rs wnro alsci iiiclo'ii'il . — Secretary Muiiiiiii^' to tlie f 'nll.'cLor of CustoiiH at Sail Kiaiwisco, \,\\o. Olh Jfiircli, l>S,Si), fur wliich see vol. i, Aiipcivlix of the Uiiil.eil Slates' Case, ]i. 111:! ; Ai-tiir^ Secrelaiy t'reiieli to L). A. d'Aiicoiiii, till' rjtli Mai-eli, ISSl, fur wliicli see saiiii> vnliiiin', y ]i''J. Tiriiav.rii Drinidinrnt, Offiir nf tin- Sirreiiny Sir, W(i.iliiitfjli,n, J).V., M'n/'li'i, t.S8.-!. The Diipartiiieiit Imviiig deteniiiiiod to ilispateli tlie reveiuic-sleaiiicr " l>ear," under your command, fur a cruize in llie wati'rs of AlaHka fur tlie eufurcennuit tif tlie ])roviiiions of law in tlio-:e waters, and for llie proteetion of tlie interests of the (iovernnient on the Seal Islands, j-ou are directed to h>ave San Krancis(_-i', witli yi'Ur eniiiiiianil, at tlie earliest date jiractiealile, for the waters named, and make the hest of your way to the jilaces hereinafter desi),'nated. You \vill inneei.-d liisl lo Ouiialaska, and thiMire to th(! Seal Islands, with the view to elfeetiially ^lard tiie seal lislieries, and juoteel the seal life. To this end you will lay oil' and on around tins islands the t;reater part of the time, ntiiniin-i to Onnalaska when neeessary, at wlii(;li jilace yini will take on any needed siijiplie.s of eoal frcnn that in store hfloni;iii;4 to the I'eveiuu; Marine. Von will remaui in the vieinily of the Seal Islamis until the latter part of .S.'ptemher next, unless sooner ndieveil hy the steamer " Ilash,' wliieh vessid is e.xpueted to leave San Kraneiseo ahoiit tlio 1st July, and ill that I'Veiit fuilher orders will he sent you. Should you reeeivo no other orders from the Departiiieiit, you will reliirn to San Franeiseo as ahovo directed, visitinj; on your return the Islands of I'li'.'a and iieleovskie, in the sea-otter interest.^ and such other points in that jMirliou of Alaska as may require your attention. Kor y<iur Lliiidaiiee in proteetiii!.; the iiiD-rests of the (lovernnieiit on this cruize, \i.ar attention is invited to the spi eial instructions of even date herewith. Ciijitain M. A. ilealy, ComniaiiiiiiiL; lievenue-steamia- " liear," San franeiseo, t'alil'urnia. Itespeetfullv yours, (Sijiiied) " (.'. S FAIKCIIII.l), .S'..r,V,„y/. Ti'oinun/ J)i/iiirtiiiriif, Offiir nf the lixrdnrii. Sir, »''-M/u«i/^«/), /y.C, J/ify'lG, 1888. lieferrin;; to Department letter of thi.s date, directiiii; you to proceed with the revenue-steamer " llear " to the Seiil Islands, &e., you -aw. hereby clothed with full power and direele.l to enforce the provisiuiis of law contained in Section I'JOlJ of the United States' I'evised Statutes, whicli jaohihits the killing of any olt<n', inink, marten, sahle, or fur-seal, or other fiir-lieariic,' mimals, within the limits of Ala-ka Territory, or in the waters thereof, exivpl as pnividcd in Sections ISItiO and lUtiJ of said Statutes, and Deiiartmi'nt l!e,t;ulalioiis of thi^ 21st .Vjiril, 187'.'. Your attention is called to Section IDlJl of the lievised Slatiites, which lorliids the killin;,' anywhere of female seals and seals less than 1 year old. You will use the force at your command to tlie end that no persuns attached to or connected with ;iny ve-isel of the I'nited St.ites violati' thi.s law, and will strictly eiifoice the Jienalties provided for such violation. You will lie dilii,'ent in eiifmciici the laws against the iinportiction of intoxicating; liipioiv and Im-ecli-loiidiii;,' rilles ami aiiiniiiiiitioii into the Terrilnry of .\laska. your attention heinj; directed to the Kxecutive Order I'f the -llli May, 1887, copies of which arc iiichiseil. lii'spectfully viairs. (Signed) " C. S KAl IHIi I IJ ). .V., ,•,/<(/•)/. Captain M. A. Healy. Coiniiiaiidin,i; lievenue-steainer " Hear,' San Kraiicisc(i, < 'nlifornia. Tnoxiii-ji Di/mr/iii' itl, Oflirr of the SWirtun/, Sir, KV.sAi'/eyA./i, /AC, .lA'y i':j, 188'J. The I'resident liavim; desi;.;iiated the revenue-steamer " Uusli," under ycair conimaud, to criiizi' in the waters of Belirinj; .Sea lor the proti'dion of the seal tisheiies and the interests uf the (iovevniiieiit on the Seal Islands and the .sea-otter hunt iii^'-L,'ro«iid, and the eiiforccmenl of the provisions of l.iw, you aiv direclcd to leave .San l''raiici.-.co, with your command, at the earliest date piacticaMe, fiir the "watcas named, iiiocecdiii',' hy the way of I'lij^a and lielcovskie to (Iniialaska, at which phice yon will take on hoard .such .iupplies of coal as may he neces.sary from that in store helongini^ to the iieveime- cutter Servije. I'rom t Innalaska you wdl pincecil into I'.ehrini,' Sea, the Waters of which you will dilii;eiilly cruise, and arrest all per.-oiis and seize all \' -els fouiid to he or to have l>een fiiuie^'etl in any viol.ilion ui ihe luws of the I'liitcd Slates llierc-in, pioceediim ti. Onnalaska when neci-siry. Y'oii will remain with your cianmiiinl in the waters named a-- lati- in the .sensou as you may deeui proper to carry out the insuuetions of the I leparlinent. Vol! will recei\e fnuu the owners of such ves.sels lus may have sailed for Hehring .Sea on .siMlinf; or other l.uiitiiig voyaj^es open letter- uf recall addressed to the captains of the same, which letters 78 ■will be lU'livcrcM! il' siirji vessels are liilk'ii in with and are found not to liave coniinittLd any violations of tho laws of tliu United States. Herewith are transmitted thirty copies (jf tho Vrcsiilent's I'roelaniation ol' tlu^ 21st March, 1889, for distrdimion to parties iilfected thereliy, as far as may he ])raelieahle. For y(air ,L;iiida:iee in jiroteetini; the interests of the Government on this ernizc^, your attention is iiivilcil to tho s])eei;d ins'.ruetions of even date herewith. You will advise the Dypartmeut by telegraph of the dale of leavinj,' San Franeiseo, and of your return to tliat port. Itespectl'iillv vours, (Signed) ' W. W I N i » )M, So-rctun/. Captain L. (!. Shejjfird, Commandin.i,' llevenue-.-teamer " ihlsh," .San Francisco, California. (Same to Captain llealy, of Keveuue-.steamer " Bear.") Trensiiri/ Di'pdrlmrnl, OJ!icr <,/' tin- Sirretary, Sir, \V'i«lnntilim, J).V., M,iy SA. IHH'J. Referrinjj to Deparftnent letter of this date, directinj; yon to jiroceed witli ihe revenue-steamer " liush " to cruize in ihe waters ot' lielirin.;,' Sea, yoa are hetehy clothiMl witli full ]jo\ver and directed to enforce the jirovisions of law contained in .Section l!).5t> of the I'nited .States' IJevised Statutes, wluc.li prohiliits the killing of any otter, tnink. marten, sahle, or fur-seal, or other fur-liearing animal, within the limits of Alaska Territory, or in tla,' waters thereof, except as ])rovided in Sections ]9il0 and 11162 of said Statutes, and in Department lie.niilations of the L'lst \\m\, 1.H7'.). You will also lie dilii:ent in enforcinj; the laws at^ainst the imjiortation of intoxicating li(|Uors and hreoch-loadini;' rillea aial ammunition into the 'J"errit<iry of Ala.-ka. Youi- attention is called to the I'roelaniation of tlie I'resident dated the 21st JIarcli, 1889, and tho E.xeciitive Order of the 4th Febrmiry, 1870, copies of whieli are inclosed. I(espi\;tfully yours, (.Signed) \\. VJX^^XHm, Secretary. Captain L. C!. Sliejinid, Comnianiling Kevenue-.steainer " Rush," iSan I'rancisco, California. Tirasvrij JhparlmerU, Ofiirc of Ihr Sa-rclnry. .Sir, /(•W/iw/i'-H, />.C^.,i/m/ 121, 1800. You are informed that tho President lam tlcdgnated the re\c'niie-steamer " licar," under your conininnd, to cruize in tho waters of Behring Sea for the protection of tlie seal fisheries and the interests of tho tioverninent on tlie .Seal Islands and the .sea-otter hunting-grounds. You are accordingly clotheil with full power and are lienby directed to enforce the provisions of law contained in Section VMt{\ of the lievised Statutes, as supph'mented by .section J of the .\cl of the L'nd March, 18S9, except as provided in Sections lOfiO and I'JIJ^ of said Statutes, amended by Act of Congress, approved the ll-ltli March, 1874, and in iJcpartnicnl Hegulations of the lilst Aiiril, 1879. • •«•♦» You will lime your cruize in tiie Arctic so u.s to reach Ounalaskii on your return trip not later than the 1st September next. After taking on board at the latter-nanicd jilnce a sujiply of coal from the .store-house, you will jirocceil info liehriiig Sea, the waters of which yon will diligently cruize, and arrest all persons and seize' all vessels found to be or lo ha\c been engaged in any violation of the law.s of the United States therein. If from any cause you shall find it impractieahle i.- !aki> r.ito port any such vessel with her tackle, apparel, furniture, and cargo, and deliver the same into the custody of the: projier ollicer of the United States, you will take pos.session of ih»- hig-hook, documents, and other papers pertaining thereto, also of all .skins of fur-bearing animals found on board tlieriof. any portion of which have heeii unlawfully taken in said waters, and will also scizi' the implements and ,i]i]iliances belonging to and n.sed by such vessel, or the crew thereof, in killing fur-hearing animals contrary tii law. .ir in taking and preserving tho .skins of the same. You will remain in Behring Sea in the iicrhirniance of tin; duly tor which the vessel has been dcsignateil by the I'ri'sidcnt as lat<' in the season as in your judgment may be necessary, and upon the completion ot this dutv von will return to San Franctsco. « ' ' • • • » « Herewith are transmitted copies of the I'resiilent's I'roelaniation of the loth March. 1890, ami the Law relating to tla; salmon fisheries, for distribution, a.« far as may he practiculile, lo parties affectHd thp.reby. herewith is al.so transmitted, for your infonnation and for disirilmlion, copies of iJcparlinent letter, ihited the 12th Slnrch, 1881. to Mr. D. A. d'Anconn, of San Francisco. 79 Ydii will nlvise Dopartment by telegraph (f the date >\{ leaving Seattle, and of ynur relnii] to Sill' Fnuicisci). Uespectfullv vour?, (Signed) " W. VVIXDOir, Sen-etary. Captain M. A. ITenly, Commanding Itevenue-stcanier " Rear," Seattle, Washington. (Same to Cajitain Ciiiils<pn, of the revenue-stranier " Kusli," and to Captain Iloojjei-, r.f the revenue-steamer " Corwin.") Tir'iKiiry /)i/i(ir/)nnil, 0//?<r iif flu: Sinr/ari/, Sir, nVisliin^loii, n.C, Miirvk 17, 181)1. Th(- Ilonoiirahle the Alloiney-IJi.'neral li.ns rr-.nipsted that a revtnue-ve.ssel he sent to Alaska for the purpose of arresting certain nnirderers and picking up the necessary witne.sses in that portion of the Territory west of Sitka, and conveying them to that \'\m:(; in time for the May term of Court. Ynn are aecordingly ilirerte(! to ]iroce<'d with the rev('nue.sUiin!er " r.i.iir," under your e(pmmand, at llie eirliest dnti^ ])racticalile, to Si'uttle, Washington, at v.hit li place you will take on Ciom the I'llack Diamond Coid and Mining Coirpany awh ((uantity of cniil as the ves-cl can conveidently carry. Tliencc' you will proceed direct to 0\ina!aska. and receive on hoard tin; lle|iuty United Stales' ^lar.shal at lliat ]ilace. From Ounalnsk;; you will visit the Seal Islands, for the ))r.r]ioHe of delivering tlie mails and receiving eommuni<-atiiHu fur the Deiiarlment. .\fter leaving llie Seal Islands, you will visit such places as the I>e]iuty Marslial may desire, and as in youi Judgment may !«■ expedient, fur the purpo.se of arresting crindnals and collecting witnes.ses, and will then proceeil to Sitka and report to the I'liiled Stales' .Marshal at. that place, to wluiiu you will deliver any priHoueis and others that m;iy he in your custody. Upon the completion of this duty, should it not he ahsolutely necessary for you to return to S.in Fniiiiiseo hel'ore making your regular cruize to the north, you will proeeeil to Seattle for fuel and sup|ilies, anil there await furlhcr instrneiiuiis from the I 'epartmenl. ■^'ou will telegraph the dales of youi departun; from San I'"rincisco, your arrival and departure friaii Seattle, and your return to cither of the ports named, ViTV respectfully, (Signed) O. L. Sl'AULHINC, t'uptnin M. A. Mealy, AsitUlanI SecrtOiry. Commanding Ki'veiiue-steamer " Bear." San I'ranci.sei), Calitornin. II |: Tremturi) Dnjiavimcnt, Office of the Seeretarii. Sii. W,i.ilnnijton, D.C.. Mnrck X': , Wn. I'eferring to l)e|iartment orders of this date, directing yitw to iiroceed w-ith your conjuiand lo Alaska, you aiT herehy clothed with full power anil instructed to enforce the laws agaiii.>t tlie importa- tion uf liistilled spiiits and lire-arms into that Territory, and lo make arrests of nil persons lUtl .seiie all ves.sels found violating the .same In this connection your attention is invited t j Section lO.")."! of the Kevised .Statutes, authorizing the seizure of the aiticlcs and of the vessels (if the value of the proliihitcil articles exceeds 4U0 dollars) engaged in the tralliif Vol! will exercise greal i are in making arrests ami seizing articles, and see that you have suUieient evidence mi which to convict tlie parlies eiiiriigcd in this unlawful lutsiness, l'es]icetfullv vours, (Sigm'd) 0,1.. SPAULDIXC. CapUiin M .\ Ih'aly, J.<ti.itinil Anrlari/. I 'oniniandiiig licvenue-steiimer ' Hear," San Fraiiiisco. ( a I i forma. Trmsurii Dfpartvirnt, OfHf t]f th' kcnrtury. S'w. U'l'shinriliin, D.C, Mtiy'd. IH'Jl. Von are iiitiiriiied that the I'rtsuleiit has desigiiaU'd the revenue-steamer " liiisli " under youi' eomiaand, lo crui/.e in the watei's nf Al.iska Territiuy lor the proteeliiui •<i the skh' lislieries and the mtepsts of the liovernment on the .Seal Islands and the sea-otlei hunting-gionmis, Y.ni lire ucnidinuly dollied witli full powi-r. and are lierehy directed to enforce ilic provisions ot law conl.iiueil la Section lOoli of till! Iti vised Sliimtes. a-, siipplemcuted hy si 'on '.'> of llie Act ot tlie ^lid March. Is.S'.i, exceiit as provided in Scciioiis UKiii and HHi^i of siiid ISIalulcs, amended hy Act of I 'on.trrBss aiiiiroved llie U-lUi Miireh, IK'.'t. ;uid in i)c])artmeni lieguiations ol liie L'nd April. 187!'. ^ # • * ' • • « You are informed that in the evnm o.' .my seiztir«?s l-eing made the United States' l)i.strict i oiirt at Sitka has inriadictiou over sucli cnii», llerewiiii are traiiamilled (o|iick 'ii llie I'uMiilcnt's rroclainalion of liie Jtli April, 18!)!, and ot llu' l,aw reluting to the sainiuu tiBhunuB.for distributwn, as far as may he practicable, to parties aliecteil tliurebv. 1117) 80 Spooial instniftions in rugiird to tin; iirotpction of fiir-1 waring nnimiils in tlui Territory of Alaska, or the waUjrs tliereof, will lie sont to you, (Mtlior l)y tL'li';,'riii>li or l)y iDiiil, Imfori" sailini;. You will ruinaiii in tlic vicinity of tlio Soal Islaiid-i and Diinida^ka until tlic L'Otli Scplcinlier next, or until the ri'tuni of the sliinnier "Dear," whicli ves.sel in expi'cted to arrive at i Mmalaska from the Arctic eavly iu September next, and you will IIkmi return, with your coniniand, to San Fruni;i.soo. Vou will advise the Department by telegraph of tlie ilatc of leaving' San Fiarnisi'o, and of your return to tliat port. Kespeetfullv yours, (Signed) ■ CIIAIM.KS FOSTEU, .Slnr/flri^. Captain W. ('. Conlsoii, ( jjnnnaudiny; lievpnui'-^tcamer " Rush," San Kr.ini.'isco, California. Tt-iii/i-iim. Tira-iun/ Df/miimnit, Oflirr of the Srrrrlnry, Wii.ihin:ilo„,J).V.'. .]ffni 27. \H9\ You are directed to .sail at once, under Departiuenl ortlT-i of tlie 9th instant. "(Hirv.in" will follow iu a lew days, anil will brin^; addition, d instruelions. Vou will eon.sider thi; final aiders i,'iven you when yipu sailed la-;t year re;,'ariUng your duty in proteelinj; seal life a-s bidn^; in force until you receive further iiistructioHL', (Siitned) CHARLES VOUTFAi, S>crdnr>/. Captain W. C. Coul.son. Commanding' Revenue-steamer " Rush," San Vrancis<:o. ( 'alitbrnia. No. 3. uVoth; hi tJir /!rilis/i Aijrnt, Srptnnhrr 30, 1892. THE I'lidersi^'ued, .\ijcm nf Her Brilannir Majesty ap)iointed to attend the Tribunal of Arljitra- tion conveni'd un<ter the )irovisions of the Treaty concluded ,it Washinttton on the 29th Fi'liruary, 1892, lietween Her Britannic .Mujestv and the United Static-;, has the lionour, by direction .if Her Ma.jeaty's (lovernnieut, to jve notice that he calls for ihe production by the Fnitcd States' (!overn- mont of the oriiiinals of all the otticial rei'ords m- archives alluded to in Ihe foot-note to ]i. 11 uf the United States' Case, that is to say : — The documents cited in the (>ase of the United States relating to Ihe alFairs of the liussian- Americaii I'ompany wliich belong Iu tlie oHicial records or archives of '.he territory which wiva ceded to the United Stales by Russia by the Treaty of 186", as stated in the a!)ove-iueiili(nici! foot- note. The Undersigned, &c. (Signed) CHARI.FS H. TUIM'ER. Afinit iif III I- llrilniiiiir Mitjr-itii in lliis lulialf. No. 4. .\fi: Fosti r hi Mr. Th/i/h i: Wnxhimilim. Xtiirmhn- .'i. 1892. THE Undersigned, Agent of the United States appointed to attend the Triliiinal ot .\vl)itration convened uiuler ilic provisions of the Treaty coiicludi'd at Washington mr flic 29th February, 1892, betwi'eii tlie United Slatvs and \hv Hrilannii' Majesty, begs to state, in repiv to the \olice oi' tlin Agent of Her Ibitaiinic Alajesty delivcivd to llic I'ndersigned on the MOtli I)eceml>er. I8!)2. which Notice calls for the prodiiction Ijy the I'liili'ij Slates' (loveninienl uf the originals of certain doiMiments therein designated, that such originals will be produced at the proper time in ■•ase the Arliiiralors so direct. The Undersigned begs alsfi to -Jlal" llial such uriginals nia\ al any lime !"■ inspected at the Dcpaitnicnt of State, in Wasliinu'lon. by any Au'cnt wliuni Ihe I'.iiii-h (luvcnuiienl iriav a|i|iipiiit fo; such purpo.se. The Underaigned, &c. (Signed) .lOHN W. 1 ' ! .1.'. 81 Xo. 5. Xiilirr, hy Ike lii-ili.sli Ai/ent. n,-i..i,.r ;;, i.H'.i:'. Till'". riiiif'r,-.ij;iii'(l, A^'i-nr i>f \\n- Ilrit;iiinii; Aliijivsly iipimiiitod to ill (end lliu TriliiiiKil of Ailiitiii- tion oiiiivciii'il uud'i' til" ]iriivi,-<iiiii.'-. dl' tlic Tivuiy rumMuili'il iit \V;i.-liiii'^i<iii dii llic li'.hli Fcl.ruiiry, bc'f.wi'i'ii Ilri- liiiiuiiiiir Ifiiji-siy ami llii' I'liitcil Sl.ilcs, li;is t,Ii(! Iviiiniir, Ky ilircclinii (.r Hit .Majesty's GnvcriiiiK'iil, to j,'ivi! iiiitici; tlial he iiii|jlics for tlii! iiriiihRliun liy tin' A^^i'iit of tin- fiiitcil Suites of copy of the ilcrisioii of {\w. Tri-:isMiy Ili'|Miniiicii1, iiiul ol' tin' Ir'.lc'r ul' llic 4tli April, IM.Sl. lelVrred to at p. 81 of the Cii.si: (if tlic I'liitcd Stiitcs, as fullows :— " This di'iisioii wiis coiilii-iniMl liy tlii' Treasury lli'jiiirliiniit on (lie Itli April, liSSl, and w^.mx on tlic (illi March. IHHO. On this lust occasion the Secretary of the Treasury wrote as follows: ' Thu attent' n cf your pn'clecessor in ofii<>e was called to this suhject on tlie -Itli April, ISSl. This com niunicaiion is addressed to yon, iuasnincli as it is understood that certain jiarties at your jiort conteni- philc tlie (itlin.n out of ex]iedilions to kill fur-seals in these waters. Yon are. rcoueslcd to ^jivo due ])idilicily to such letters, in order that such jiarties may he inforiued of the c(Uistrnetion placed hy this Department upon the provision of Liw referred to." Till' rndcrsii;iied. itc. (Signed^ CHAllLKS If, Tt I'l'KK. Aij'iil I'f IFif liritftniiii Mifji:-:/!/- in IliU lirlmlf. To (icneial tin' lion, .fohn W. Foster. Agont of the I.'uited .Slates, &c. No. 0. Notirr hy Ihr />i-ilU/i Agmt. U,/„li,-r :',, l.SOJ. THE Uudersif/iipd. .Aycnt of Her Ihitannic ^taiesty, appointed to attend the Trihunal of .Arhitru- tion convened under the provisions of the Treaty conelnded at Washini^ton on the l".Hli Kelnuary, between Her I'.ritannie Afajcsty and the I'liited States, has the honour, iiy direction of Her Majesty's Government, to ttive notice that he applies for the production hy the A^'cnt of the I'nited States of copies of the followiiii,' diicnments, that is to say: — 1. The Ile)i.,rt of T"reii.'.iiry Aiient (iolf for the yenr 188'.', nientioncd on p. I.".'I and p. :'.4;! of the Cnse of the I'nitinl States. L'. Tin: letters and documents nientioncd in the correspondence quoted at pp. IS to 0(t of the United States' Case, ApjicndLx, vol. i, and especially the loUowinj;, namely: {it.) I'a^^c .■>!. The Heport of the lionrd of .Vdniinistratiou of the llussian-.Vmerican r'ompanv, dated the 14tli Novemlier. 181!); (//.) I'a.ue .'),"). The " communication fnini the Minister of Marine." referred to in the last jiara^rapli of the letter from the Hoard of .Vdiuinistvatiou of the Itussiau-Aniericaii Company to Captain .M. i. Mnravicf, of the Imi'crial .\avy. Chief Manager of the IIussiau-Aineriean I'ohinies, written from St. IVtersluirgh, the 'Jord Aliril. iSL'O : (c.) I'a^'e '<'). The two letters of <'a|itain M. I. Mnravief, Chief jranaj;er of the Russian-American Colonies, dated the ^Gth and l."<ih .Inly, respectively, referred to in the letter from the Hoard of Adiiiiidstralion of the liussian-.Ameriean < ''Hiipanv to the said Capliiin Mnravief, ilated the :'.lst March, ((/.) Pane ")H. The Heiiorl of Mr. \anovsky, dated the L',")tli Feliriiary. ISl'O, alluded to in tim letter from the Uoard of .Vdmiiiisliation of tin' IJussiiin-.Vnierican Coiui«inv to the <.'hicf >[ana|_'er of the linssian-American Cidonies. dated St. l*e.ter,sliur!,di, the 15th March, ISl'l : (r.) I'ai.'e I'l'l. The tran.script of views of the l!u.ssian-.\iiierican Coinpaiiy, alluded to in paia- j;rapli :.' of till' letter from the Minisicr of Finance to the Hoard of .Vdniinistration of ihe IIu-Man- .ViiK'Vn all f'laupany. dated St. I'etcrslairnh, tlie l?>tli .Inly, IS'2'1, as follows: ■ " In onlei that Harcui Tuyll's ne^'o ialions may he facilitated and hrnn'.;ht t>i u speedy ccaiclusion, he has heeii furnished with a transcript of the l!ussian-.\nn'ric:iii Company's views as to the Itiiles wi' could iusk the 'loverninenl of the American I'nited .States to oliservc, with a view to the maintenance of frii'inlly intcn onrse without injury to the vast interests of our Cumpaiiy and lho.se of the native inhahitants of that country. " (/.) I'aLre >;;>. The representations of lli ■ I'.oard of .Vdministratimi of the I'ussian-Amcrican (.'oinpany, under N'o. 7.'! of tin 1 1th Fehmavy, ISL' t, conei mini; the jierniission to forci;.;n vessels of enteiim; the Ilarhour of New .Vrchan.L'cl for certain purposes, alluded to in the lirst para:,'iapli of the letter from the .Minister of Finance ( heparlnieiit of Miinufaclnres ami Inlcvnal Trade) to the Hoard of Administration of the IJussiau-Amcriciin Company, dated St. l'elerslairL;li. llie 2iid .\pril, l.Sli-l : (//.) I'leje (17. 'I'he letter fnaii the Ihreclors ol the l.'ussiaii-.Vnieriean I'niuiiany lo the .Miui-^ter of Finance, dated the llith .luue, I.S'J4, alluded to in the lirst i)ara<.,'i'ai'h of the letter from the Minister of Finance to 111! Hoard of .\dniinislralioM of the said < 'ompanv, d"ted St. I'eti'rsliniyh, 4th Se]itcnilier, 1824; (A.) I'ajie 71. The dc-palch (No. Ill) of the 'JOth .\pril, ISIO. from Captain Ivan .Vutonevitch Kupreianof to the Hnaril ■ ' Adiuinislration of the liussiaii-Ameriian I'luupany, alluded to in the tirst paragraph of the communication from the Hoard of Adininistralion of the said Company to the .•>iiid Captiiiu Antonevitch Kn]ireianof, ilati'd St. I'elersburgli, iilst .March, 1S40 ; 82 (1.1 I'iij^c V-. Tlic (lcs|i;cl('ln>.s (if the Hoard of Ailmiiiislriitinii of tlii> nussian-Aiiierioan Coiiiiiiiiiy, diitnil ics|ii'itiv<ly lln' l:Jlli Apiil ami lUlli Xiivciulior, IS.'I, ami tin' liml April, Kltli May, and 2:!rd Sciiti'iiilii'r, IS.'L', alliidfd tii in a Icttrr rniin the said linard ol' Adinini-^tratiiiii tn Caiitaiii Ilitch Riidakdf. Ai:liii,u; (.'liicl' Mana;.'fr, datc'd Si. rctcrsliiirudi, 20tli .Afari'li, l.s:,:'. ; (./'.) l'au;i' T.'V Tlu' s|ii'(iiil iMstnii'tiiiiis l'iinii«lird tlic Im-al Ciuiiniandors, alludi'd Id in tlm li'ltnr frnni till' liiiard of Adniinislialinn nf tlu' lius-ian-Ann'iii'an ('onipanv to Caiilain Alfxaudur Hitch Rndakof. Actinu Cliiif Mana'^'fr, dutid St. rclcrslmrjli. liOtli Murvh. IS."':!, its f„llo\v.s:— " . . . . DurinL' llic dcliMilion of this vosmcI In tlio p:irt of Ayan, its ('lunniaiidi'r will jilaoi." himself nndcr llie ordrrs nl' (!ic Imvil mlonial iiiitlioritii'S in all casis uf c'lni'rj^ciM'y, or of infrin'ji'nn'nt of the CoMipany's ri;_']its and iirivilcgcs, lor which pnr|insi; the local ConunandcMs arc rMrni.-ilii'd with special instrnetions." (/■.) I'a;,'e V.'i. The proposal of the Jliiiister of Kinanre referred to in the letter I'roiii tlie Depart- ment of CoMiniene and Mannfailiires to the I'.oard of Adniiiii.itratioii of thi^ Itnssian-Ainerieaii Company, dated St. Petersliiuijh, Ii)t1i .Imie, ISO.", as follows : — "TheCimneil of St;ite, after an exandnation of the ]Mnpiisal snliinitted hy nie eoneernini,' the re\ision of the (^'harter of the IJiissian-Anieriean (.'uinpany and the or^'ani/ation of the Itr.ssian- Ameriean Colonie.s, direct.s , . . ." (/.) I'a.^e T^. The "p'.ojeel" invited to he siilmiitted hy the lloanl of .Adiniidstralion of the Rnssian-Anieriran Company, in the letter from the llenartment of I'onniieree and Maiinlaetures to the .said Roard of Adi.iini-tration, dated St. reterslmiyh, l!Hh .Iniie, ISd.'i, as follows : — ■ " I . . . . hereliy invite the lio.ird to .sulinut a project to he presented for the linal consideration of the State ( 'onneil . . . ." (ill.) l'ai,'e 7S. Xo, IS of " ( 'orrespondoncc relatini; to the AM'air.s of the Russian-American Coni]iany :" (/I.) J'aue TO. The " ]iioposilions snhndtted !)y the dompany,'' allmled to in the Opinion of the (,'onncil of State, fection 4, as follows: — "4. (A> to Articles VIH and IX.) The ]irovisions to lie included in the iKnv Charter of the Companv concerning the openin;,' to free trade of the ])orts of Xew Archanjiid and .Sitka, and of St. I'anl on Kadiak Island, ami the introdnclion into the Colonies ^.,'ener.illy of snch trade and of iudusiries, also the provisions conci'rnin.L; tlie importation and sali' of spirilmins liipiors, and the suiiplyiii:,' of arms and powder, shall he in accordance with the iiro]iositiiins now snlmiiltcd liy the Company " (a)"l'ai,'e «0. The order of the I'.oard of Administration, dated the I4tli Decendjer, 1S16 (X'o. 71"i), referred to in the ir.closure to the letter from the lioard of Administration of the Russian- American Companv to A. A. I'>araiuif, Chiel Jlana.ncr of the Rnssian-American (.'olonies, dated St. I'eterslmruh, the Cith April, 1S17 ; (/).) I'ajic' 81. The Ri",'nlations of the fnr-scal industry mentioned in the despatch of ('ajitain Etholin, (.hief Manager of th.e Rnssiaii-American Colonies, dated the 9lh May, isil! (Xo. iicST), and again mentinned in the letter from the lioard of .Vdministration of the llussian-.Vmerican Company to the .said Cajitain Htholin, dated St. I'eterslmrijh. the Stli March, ]S4:i; (7.) I'a.^''' 8-- The de<;iatch of Captain Rndakof (Xo. :!18), dated tlie JiOth May, IS.".;^, mentioned in the letter from the lioard of Administration of the Russian-American Comiiany to (.'aptain Stepaii Vassilievitch Vovevodsky, Cliief Alanager of the Rn.ssian-Aiaerican Coloines, dated St, IVtiM'shnrgh, the 24th Ajiril, 1854 ; (r.) I'age 84. The desimtch of Captain S. V. Voyevodsl-- "' 41 ), dated the !)tli JIarch, 18."i7, alluded to in the letter from the Hoard of Administration of i.. 'ian-Ainerican Company to the said Captain S. V. Voyevodsky, dalid St. l'ctersliurL:h, the oth .Mine, 10. , (s.) I'ap' .84. The de^|iatch of the lio.ird of Admini--tr.;tion of the Russian-American Company of the lOth .Iiine, I8."i7 (.No. (i.'iO), allmled to in the letter from the Chief Manager of the Russian- American Colonies to the said Heard, dated the 7l'i Octolii.'r, 18."i7; (/.) I'age 80. Th" despatch of the lioard of .Vdmini.ilialiou of the Ru.ssian-Anierican Com]iany (Xo. 0'.t7'i, dated the ,"ith ,Iniie, 18."i8, alluded to in the letter from the Chief Manager of the Russian- American (Colonies to the said lioard, dated the K'th .raiiuary, 18,"i9; (it.) I'age 88. The despatch of the lioi.id of Administration of the Russian-American Comp.iiiy, dated the lllsl .laiiu.ary, l8G:i. alludid to in the letter from Captain J. V. Fnrulielm, Chief Manager of the Russian-American Colonies, to the said lioard, dated the Kith July, 1801) ; (c.) I'age 8'.l. The instructions of Mollisun, inclosed in a despatch of the lioard of .\dministrattun (Xo. 81) of the 2.'itli .laiHiary. '8(;n. alluded tu in the letter from the Chief .Manager of the Russiui;- American Colonies to the said lioard, dated the 10th duly, K^Oii; and (v.) I'age 80. The desjia'ch of the lioard of Administration of the Russian-Aniericnn Company (Xo. 81) of the 2."illi .Ianual^, I SOU, allmled to (as ahove) in the said letter of the Chief Manager of the Russian-American Coloni.'s to the said lioard, dated the 10th July, 180.3. The rndeisi'.;ned. &e. (Signed) CHARLKS II. TIl'l'KR, Af/cnl of Her Hrilnnnic Mnji.ili/ in. Ihia hthnlf. To (ieiicial the Hon. .lolni \V, K)ster, .Auent of the I'nited .-'tates, I'irc. 88 No. 7. Mr. Foster lu Mi: Tupprr. THK I'liilcrsii^iicd, A^;f'iit (if tlie I'liiteil Statrs ii|i[iciint(>(l to ntU'iid tlie Tiilmnal nf Arliitratinii convened \iiid(r tin' imivisions of the Ticnty ('iiiK'liwU'd al \Vnsliinf,'ton on llio 2'M\t Fclinian, 1«!I2, bclwci'n the I'liitrd Stali-i and Ilcr Hrilaiinie Majesty, Ijevewilli fiiriiislicH to llie A^eiil of lli>r Itritaiinie Majesi ;• enpie^ of llie Inlluwinj.^ doeiinienLs, jjursuaiit to two certain Koliiis cU-liveivd to tliu Undersifincd on the linl ila> orOetolier, ]HOJ;— 1. A edjiy of llu- lott.r nt the 4lh April, 1881, rcferml to at p. 81 of the ('as,, uf tlie United States. -. The llepoil of Treasury Afjcnt Goff for the year 1880, mentioned on p. 1 ri.'l and p. .'Uo of tin! Cftse of tin.' United States. With regard to the letters and doeiiniPiits n'ferred to in section Xo. 2 of one of said Notices (in which seilion saiil letters ami docnnients are desi,i,'iiated as tho.se mentioned in the corresponilenco <pniteil at Jip. 48 to !HI of the United States' Case, Appendix, vol. i), the Undersii,'ned hegs to inuli<' the following,' statement : — 'I'hey ilo not, in his oiiinion, come within the i lass of doomieiils of which copies may lie aiiplicd for under said Treaty, for thi' reason that they arc conlained, not in the Case of th<^ Uniti'd States, lint in a vohnue nf the .\]iiiendiees to .saiil Ca.se. .\rticle IV limits the documents co]iie.s of which may he aiiplied for to such as are spi-citied iir idhided to in the ( 'ase of either party ; and the precedin;,' Article clearly distin,L;nishcs lietween the Cases nf the two jiarties an<l " the ilocnments, ollicial corrcspnn- dcnce. and uther evidence on whii h each (party) relies," ur, in other Words, the .Appendii es to said < 'a.ses. .\|iart from this, an interpretation of .\rticle IV which would concede to one party tlie ri'Jit to call for docnnienl.s referreil lo in tlie .Vppenilices of the I 'ase of the other )i:irty mii,dit result in imposing; upon the latter the lairden of a loii;; and dillicult si'arch, s\ich as the Undcrsi;,'ned lielieves it eciinot liave lieeii the intention of iln' ]iarlies to ]ilace u]ion one another. An inst.iuce of how j;reat this liurden might he is an'ordi'd l.y the re(|Uest of the .Vgent of Her liritannic Majesty herein referred to. The Umlersiu'ued, however, leoardless of the question of strict ri.!.;ht. is desinais to furnish to the Agent of ller llritaiiinc Majesty copies of all documents whii'h he has sii;nified hi.s wish to e.vamilie, and which it is within the reasunalile aliility of the Undersigned to fnrnislj. ili' therefore iJiesi'iils hc'rewilli copies of such of tho.se documents speciliially referred to in r.aid section Xo. o ,,s me in the piissessjoii nf the United .Slates' (iovernment, to wit. tho.se clesi;;naled as follows ; dl), (;/), (li), (i), (p), <••';, ('),("). ('■), an.l (iv). It is apparent from the reference thereto liy the .Agent of Her liritannic .Majesty that a nunilier of the documents calleil I'oi' hy him, and not includi'd in this response, cutdd liai ily lie fnund idscuiiere than in the archives of the llussian-.Vmerican Company at St. I'etershnrgli. To facilitate the identilicatiou of the copies of th(^ docunu'iits herewith presented, they have been marked rcspcctivelv with the same letters with which they are designated in the said section No. 2. 'file Undersigned I legs to stale th.it he waives tlie f.ii'i that neither of the said .\nlices was delivered to him within tla^ |ieriod ]irii\idcd in .\rticle IV of the said Treaty. The UndersiL.'ned, &c. (Signed) JOHX W. UuSTEli, Ayail vfthe. UiM;l ,'<l„l,:s. \Viif>ltinijtvii. Xuvtmiri' \2, IS'.li'. Inclosure 1 in No. 7. Mr. Fi'inih to Coltntw i<J Ciistvm>:, Smi Fnineisco, Ci'liforniti. Trciitiuri/ Jhjiiiiiimnl, OJitr nf the ,%iirl(irif, .Sir, ir'a.-'/iin^lon, JJ.a. Aj'ii'/ 4. 1>^SI. 1 transmit herewith, foi your information, co]iy uf a letter addresseil to Mr, I). .\. d'.\ncona, of your city, under ilate of the ll'th ullinio, in regaul to the extent of the juri.sdiclicui of the Uniteil States within the waters of the Ti'iiitory of Alaska, with reference lo the killing of fnr-.se.ds and ttlier fnr- licaring animals, under Chajiter :l. Title J:!, of the IJeviscd Statutes. \>in are rcqui'steil to give due |iiililicity lo such letti-r, in order tliat iiarties who may contemplate tilting oul expeditions to kill fur-liearing animals within the waters nf .\laska Territory may be informed of the construction placeil liv this De|iartmeut upon the Law icferred to. Verv respectfullv. (Signed) II. '¥. I'KKNCH. Adinij Siiirtdrif. [117] 84 Tncloeuro 2 in Xo. 7. Mr.a.ffI; Mr. Win,l„m. Sir, Si. I',n'l hl„ii(l. AliUn. Jul;/ I',], 1HS9. [ IFAVK llif liDiKiiir tn transiiiil u licport (if llic ii|)er!itiiiiis miil tin' idiijiiiim i,\' the SimI IsImiiU nf Alasl<a lor llii^vcar ciiiliii^ llii' iilst .Inly, 1S,S!I. I alsn accojit anil inclu-r tin' lli'iinrts uf Mr.. I. I'. Man- I'lii'stcr anil Caplain A. I'. Lianl, Assistant Tri'Msnrv A,L,'i'nt.s ul' St. I'anl ami Si. (icorgu ishimls rcspcrtivcly, tlii'V lia\iii;,' lii'cii |ii'rsiinally in ciiarur ol' llii'sc isluiiils fur tlic past twn yeans. 'J'liu incliLSinl taliiilatnl .Mialalily Taiilvs wen' niailc liy Dr. ( '. \. f.ntz, tlic rcsiiUMit pliy.sician of tills islanil, arc cnrrcrl ami wurlliy of ciiiLsiilcration. I slinll conlinL' my remarks to tlm Ishunl of St. I'anl, as I have liad no opportunity to visit .St. (leoru'e Island siriei^ my arrival lien on tlio 1st .Innc. I am satistieil, however, I'nini the information I have rceeiveil I'loni Colonel .rosuph Mnrray, Tn'asnry .\;,'ent now in eharije of St. (luor.oe Islaml, that the .same eomlition of alliiirs exists there as ori this (St. I'anl) islaml. r.y referrini; to the itemizeil statement of shins taken, yon will ohserve the lunnlier ol pnps killeil for fooil ilnrinj,' the fall of IMSS was L'.ITH. This was an nnnsinilly small nnmlier, exeeplinj,' the year )in'vions, l)ul il wan ailjnil;.'eil th" pmper per eent. to kill nniler the exisiin;,' linaimstames, anil respeetin;,' the fiitnvi' of the niokeries. The killini,' of a lar;,'e numher of nii'rihantahle seals for food followed ilnrint; the wintei-; their skins wen' salted and aeei'|iled liy the .\Iaska ( 'ompany as part of their ipiota of skins for this year. The first ap|iearanei' of the hulls to lla^r usual hanuls was on the .'ith May, hut the comiuij of these animals to the rookeries was unusually late, followed hy a late a]ipearanei' of the eows. .\t first il is snjiposeil that the severe winter had jireveuted the seals fnim returniuL; as in the i)ast, hut I'lose oliaervatiou on the part of Mr. .1. 1'. Mam-hestcr n'Vealed the fact that it was owiu^ to the .soarrity of the seals, whiih was to him very pereeptihieas the season advaneeil, ami an the killing hy the Alaska Connnercial I 'ompany iiroeiM-ded, the ilaily, weekly, and monthly n'eei])t.s were nnieh smaller than ever hel'oro. The small luindier of pups killed in the fall for food, the late a|ipearanie of ihe Imlls ami cows the folluwinj,' .sjirini,' in lar^e sehools as in the Jiast, and the alarinin;; deerease in the daily, weekly, and monthly reieipts of the Alaska Commen ial ('om|iany, and as a tl'i'iiirr 1-ix.viii hy .said Comiianyto seeure their 10(1,00(1 skins, the killinj; of smaller seals than was customary, attest conclusively Ilial Mr. .1. I'. Manchester's uhservations were undouhleilly correct, that there is .scarcity of .seals, and that within the Ia.st year or so they are, from some cause, decreasin" far lie3ond the increase. As this is the last yeni of the ]uesent lessees, and then' is a new lea.se to he made, I woidd respectfully sugLtesl that ■'! is of vital importance to the existence of seal lil'i' that thi; annual cpiota in the future he limited to the taking; of 00,000 skins as the nnixinunn from the rrihylolf Islumls "I'.V'OO fnjm St. I'aul, dttci', and Walrus Islands, and 7,ri00 from Si., (ieorijo Island —for the first five years of the lease. At the ex]iinition of said time the numlicr to he increased or decreased as the Secretary of the Treasury may deem advisable. The work of killing' seals and sallinj,' skins has heeu aceomplished only through the assistance rendered by laliour imported from dunalaska, as the mindier of labourers on the i.sland was too small to complete thi' task within the limited time allotted liv the (loverinnent. r>y reference to the Census yon will see that the inhabitants an' anmially decreasing, and that the females are Largely in excess of the nc.des. And hen^ 1 will say I heartily concur with Afr. T. ,F. li'yan, formerly TreasiM'y .\gent to these islands, who.so letter to tlie Itepartment, hearing date the Sth .\|iril, ISKO, upon the subject, was n'ferred to me, and in n'ply to Department letler to me bearing date the (ith May, ISS'.l, will say that sunn' way to infusi' new life into the.se few remaining peojile should be devised liy the De]iarimenl at once and s]ieedily executed before it is too late. It IS impossible for the Treasury .Vgelil in charge to receive leliable information concrning the wishes and conditions of the natives elsewhere on the .\leiiliaii chain, whctlnM- they arc williie,' or ever would come to these islands to live. Me has no facility for tnivclling to either (.)tler or Walrus Islands, both within a range of 10 miles to this i-hnid. .\iid il is his duty to visit tln'in occasioiudly, without it is through the courtesy extended liv the Alaska Commerci.il ('oiii)iany, and at no little <'X|«'nse to the ('imiliai'y. If it is deeined advisable to send a vessel along the .\leuliaii chain to secure stnuig, healthy male labourers, who are willing to come to these ishnids and make 1 hem (heir future homes, it .shoiili' be done at once, under the supervision of a Tn'a.siiry .\geiil familiar with the conditions of St. I'aul and .Sf. tleorge Islands, aceoinpaiiicd by a resident lihysieian from one of tlie islands. (Jn the L'Tll .June the .Alaska Commercial Company, througli Dr. H. If. Mcliityre, tlii'ir (leneral Manager, fnrnisheJ ..ic a boat manned and rigged, and I visited Olti'r Island and found L',000 kilhdile .seals, and many were in the water near by. ruder the present lease the les.sees are net allowed to kill .Mt!als on this island. Con.seiineiitly, they an' i;oi niolested, withoiil taken by jiirati'S, which has been the result once or twice in tlii' Jiast. This island and Walrus .-hoiild be inclnded in thi^ next lease. The numher of resident labourers on this i.sland at present is ."li, aged fniin 0:1 to \o years, classified ;is billows : cliil hers, ; stickers, ; flippers, S ; ,skiiiners, 32. The number of laboiinas from Oiinalaska is2o; these men did general work, such as salting skins, booking, biindliiig, and deliveiing them to the warehouse ready for shipment. This entin' work was birincrly done by the natives, but of late years tla^ native force became too small, compelling the .\laska Cenimereiai Company to iiitmihice labour from abniad. The.se men, however, an' jiaid by the Alaska Commercial Company, and the natives receive the entire proceeds of the catch. The number of .seals killed upon this island this' Hca.son was 8."i,000, and .'sea-lions 2."i. 'J'he killing commenced on the ."ith .lime, and ended on the .'ll.st duly. The natives realized :!.'!,7-"iO dol. iSO c. for the .season's catch, which was distrilaited as per inclosed statement. On the L'Olh .liine the I'liiled Slates' man-of-wai the "Tlielis," Lieiiteiiaiit- (,'ommander .Stockton, arrived fnini .Sitka ; also the United States' cutter the " liusli," Captain .Shepiu-d. The "Thetis" left the following day at noon for St. Michael's vn nut/r for Point Harrow, and tlie So "Riisli" nil lilt! liStli .Imii^ for ii nnm: thiuii^li Udiriiig Son. On tliu IStli .liily Mr. Wclmtcr, the Alaska (Nuiiiiiercinl ('oiii)miiy'N a(,'ciit: iit Nuilli-uast I'diiit, iliis i.slaritl. ."iu'litcil a sclidcmcr atjimt 5 miles (iir till' islaiici. (Ill llii; L'.'itli .Inly llic I'liitt.Ml Stales' ciittiT th(! " lliish," «'aiitaiii Shi'iiard, again anclioivil at the Ka.nt Laiidiiij,', and inl'unued inr tlial he liad .seized tlii> I'.iili.sli schndiicr.s "Minnie" and '• lilaiU Dianmnd." The Minnie " wa.s seized on the ITtli .Inly, and luul on lioard 118 stMil-skina. The " I'.lack Kiamond " was scizi'd dii thr 1 Itli .Inly, with 7i'< seal-.skin- aljoard. He aim informed me that thei'o were no less tlian thirty sclKJoners in I'.ehiing .Sea with ]>rcdatory intentions. If these piratical vesseLs i\n) allowed to laiU'her the .seals ivgardlesH of ago and sex, the seals of Alaska will soon 1)0 exteriiiinuted. The |a-(is]ierity of these world-renowned rookeries is fast fading away under the present annual eateh .dlowed hy law, and this indisereel .slaughter now being waged iu these watera will iMiIy ha.sten the end of the fnr-seals of the rrihylotf Islands. Caiitain Sliepard is a faithful, eoiiseientious, and eiieigetii' oflieer, and is desi'iving tla; loudest eneoninni from the 1 ie|iaitnienl ; hut without assistanee il is iniliossihle for him to poliee these waters ell'eetnally. In the ri'liiement of Mr. J. I'. Maiiehester the I le]partment loses a fearless, faithful, and hononrahle uflicer; onc! who ha.s, in tlut iierformancn of liis duties, rellected eredil upon him.self and iKUiour to his ( ioveniment, Cajitain A. V. l.ond has also discharged his duties in a creditalilc manner, and rt'tircs from office leaving a recianl to ho envied hy his sueeessor. In eonelusion, I desire to say that tlio Alaska Commercial Company have not only strictly conformed to the reipiiiementM of the lease during the i)rc.senl season, Imt have manifested a generous protectorate towa.ds the natives. l!esi>eetfullv sulimitted. (Si.^rned) CHAHLKS .T. C.( )FF, Tiicsiifi/ Ai/iiit. ,.^„a. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ..*_ » II 1.0 HrKS us = lu 112 moo = m 1.25 1 1.4 1 1.6 A" ► < — ^ O Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0 (716)873-4503 ( 86 ) \ Geographical Notes relating to the Names " Pacific Ocean" " Behring Sea," " North-eastern Ocean," " Eastern Ocean," to the meaning of the Iixfiressioii " North<vest Coast," ami to the Depth of Behring Sea and its Connection u'ith the Basin of the Pacific. 1. — On the Use of the Names "Pacific Ocean" and " HEnniNO Sea." ITaited Sutw' CiK, pp. iS, 8S. Ibid.. Appeadix I. p. 287. Note oil the ciri-iimstuiocs under Khii'h llchrinK S«a hv ^-ome to lie 80 ouued. IX Kiijipurt (if tli(> !!)K"fial assertion llmt the Pacific Ocean did not inelurlo lichiin;; Sea as iliown by " a study <if tlie Maps. Cliarts, and writings of navigators at the time of and prior to tlie (clebra- tiiiii 111' these 'JVealies," it is .stated in the I'nitcd States' I'ase that "a list nf tliese Maps and ('harts is ajipeiMleil," fiiiin which it will Ite .seen that jjeo^aphcrs coid'urn^d npon ISehring Son "some sejiaratc name in mmI aiscn, either that of .Sen of Kanitchatka, ilehring Sea, North-iuisterii Sea, or Eastern < Kean." It is snlmiitted, however, that the list eannot properly lie regarded as representin<; the usage of •,'eogr:i|ihers, even iiu the niirrow ground of the nomenclature of oceans, seas, ,<,('., as jiriuted en the Maps in i|Uestion ; fur this list is, in reality, merely a selected series of such .Maps as in respect to their luarkiiig cnrri'SiMind. in a negative .sense (or in other wonls do not di.sagree), with the contention which it is wished liv the I'nited States to uphold. Witliout enti'ring into any .L'reat detail res)iecting the nnmornus voyages of discovery in this region, whirli. in the tirst in.stance, were ]irincipally ilue to llussian ellorts from the .V.siatii- const, it is comparatively easy to phu n reiord tlie sidicnt iVatui-es of this ImuK h of the sidi,j.-ct ; and to trac<! its ]iriigress, nioii! particularly liy means of the Maps puhlished from time to time in illustration of the results of the \arious e.xidorers. The tirst )iuhlisheil Map in which that )>art of the A.siatic coast, including Kanitchatka. and extending to and U'Vond llehring Stniits, was represented, was that in illustration of Hehring's tirst voyage, in IT."'", in lt'.\nville's "Atlas." It is n-produced liy Mr. \V, II. |)all, in the " .Vational Geogriiphiral Magazine,' Washington, IS'.IO. At this lime neither the t'ommander Islainls nor the Aleutian Islands wi it known hut the oci'an to the east of the .\siatii- roast is nana'd Purtir (/,■ In Mer Doi-iiinnli , the name, as engra\id on the Map, e.vtending from a jKiint to the west of the extr.'iuily of the I'euiiisula of Kanitchatka, in a noitlwasterly iliivition, to about the position which .St. .Mattliuw Island is now known to occupy, or to the centre of liehring Sea." After Itehriiigs second expeditiuii. in which the (.'omuiander himself misendily pcri.shed, but in the course of which tlif .\iiicricaii coast was reaehed, and the Comniander and .Meutian Islands in part di.scoM'ied, we Hud :i Map inililishcd by Miiller, the hi.storian and geogra])lier of the (■xiieditioii. This is entitled, in the Kiiglish translation oi' Midler's work, published in biiidon in ITlil, " A Map of of the hiscoveries made by the Itussians on the North-west Coast of Amcriia " published by the Royal .\i ademy of .Sc iiiices at St. rptei-sbungli, and republished in I,ondoii by Tlmiiins tleffrey.s. Ill this Map the islands now known as the .\leutian Islands and the t'ommander Islands aro indi< iiticl very iiiaii iirately, and the greater ]iart of what is now known as Iteliriiig Sea is ociupied by a glial coiijeitural pioinontoiy of the .\mericuii ('ontineiit, leaving a com]iaralively iiarmw and sinuoim body of water or strait running in a diiei tion |iroxini.itely parallel to the .\sialic coast, and separating the two continents. The somhein portion ,.f this is named on the Map iS'«i of k'niiidhidhi. the i5ortlierii Sill iij Aiiiiilii-.'xw eipiivaleiit cliaracters. llehring Strait, as now known, appears without name, wjiiie the wider oi can to the south is iiaiiied (irrnt Si'itth Sn nr Pmijii- (Irnni. \ reproduition on a smaller S' ale of the .same Map ajipears in the " London Magazine " for 1764. This is entitled, " .\ new Map of the North-eust Coast of .Vsja and North-west Coast of .\inericn, with the lale Uussian I)iscoveiies." It re|ieats the nonienclature and all the errors of the original Maji, but employs the term llmil Sm'tli Sm only, the addition "or I'acilie (treaii" being omitted. After the dale of the publication of Cook's third voyagi' in ITS-l, what is now known as IWdiring Sea began to ajipcar on Maps in si.mething like its true form and prop(ations, and in the .Map accom- panying the otticial record of his vovagea, of the ilate mentioned, we tind that sea without special distinctive name, and simply n'g.inled as a )>art of the I'acilie Ocean, though the names <lhtloT>Li. >Scit, Biiin I- Sill, and dulf nf Anmliv are eiigraveil in parts of it close to the Siberian shores, and S/ukiI Wnlrr and llrislnl /Ini/ ap|)eai as hsal names of eipiivalent rank on the ii]i]iosite .Vmerican coast. From lliis date oiiwaid the usai.'e iiecame \fty varieil. Many Maps continued to apjHMir till 1840 or later, iipmi which no name of a ili-^lim live kiml was given to llehring Sea, while upon others it R7 ' Behring mning of Bchnng Sea." ■>ca us tlinwn till' (clobra- s mill ( 'harts Seii " some stern Sea, or the nsafje of iiik'd on the ill respect to !io cuiitciitioD ivory ill tliis lie const, it is ami til tract! tratioii (if the iitehatka. ami leliritifiV first w " .Vatioiial amis nor the r/(V ,h' hi M,r I'xlr.^mity of St. Matliiuw I'ishi'cl, liiit in in Islamic in ex]ie(lition. I, "A Map of ishc'il liy the irrfvs, r Isliiiids are 1 (ii'i'iipiiMl liy ' ami NiiimiiiH 111 si'paratiiif; mlihiilbi. till! cars witlicmt le" for 17G4. of .Aiiiuricn, lli(> original iiiitleil. II as lichrinj; Ma|) acrom- tlioiit speeiiil 'lliilorHii tScii, -'H, ami ShimI, II coast. lear till 1840 l«iii others it .\U|M HtHfcialljr re* ferreil to by Mr. Ulaine in Iiik nolo of UcCGlnlier IT, Icilll. p. 287 hccAine cuttrimxry to extend the orifjinally lo:;ai name .Vm of K'imtihntka to the whole of tluH liod.v of Water. Doiihlless because of tlii^ uiiiliiHuity atlachinj; to this piirtioular iiaiiii', from its orii^iiially strictly local use, at later dales it Iwgan to he eustoiiiary to employ lielirin;.^'s iiaiiie for tlie sea now so called, till at the present lime that name may he said to have entirely siipeiveded the older one, and to have |ias.sed into I'omnion i;se. Followiii;F (III this chaii;;e, the iiaiiio Sen »f Knnilrhilka was elian;;ed to itnlf nf Komlilmlht, and relej^iled to its orii;inal place on the shore of the iK^niiisiiht of the .same name, while the names OlulorsJii and Anadir likowi.se hccanie conhiied to the i-espertive j;iilfs on the Silieiian coast. Kor tiie most modern nsajje in this res|iecl, see United States' Hydro^'raphic (Jdice (,'hart No. liH, IH'JO, ar.d British .Vdmiralty Chart No. 24t;(), I8HII. It is very notewoithy, however, in studying any series of Maps chronologically airanrfcd, that up to the middle of the present century ISehrini; Sea is freipieiitly without any general name, while the adjoinini; i<ea of Okhotsk is in almost every instance clearly desi^^iiated. Had the circumstances with respect to the noiiiciiclftture of Hehriiig Sea heeii ditfirent, and had that ImhIv of water Ih'cii consisU'iilly siip|ilied willi a dislimlive name on all Map>', it would, howiiver, liy no means necessarily follow tliiit this wax inteiuled to show that it wits not a ]mrt of the I'acitio Ocean. An ocean may, and iu all ciuses actually diK'S, include numeroiis seas and fiulfs as siiliordiiiate di" 'siiiiis. The mere fact that the name ol the .N'mth I'aiitii- Ocean, or eipiivalent iiaiiic in ii.se at dilleivnt )ieriods. is not usiially engraved partly upon the area of l!eliiiii<.' Sea in the .Maps, affords no valid argument for such separation. The name of this ocean is jjenerally found to lie enyraved. in lnr>{e characters, n]H)ii its widest and most open |iait, somewhere lo the south of the ."lOth parallel, and lK!tweeii that |)aiallel and the i<>piator. This u.sa>;e follows as a result of the actua! form of the ocean. and the necessity of niviiifj due |iromineiii'e to its name. The I'liited Slates' (iovernmciit has. in this controveivy, attacheil impurtaiiee to the very early employment of some distinctive name for liehriii;,' Sea, and reference has heeii made to several of the older Maps. It is, howcv. 1, snlimilted that even in restrictiiijj the nr<;unieiit to Majis, the im|Hirtant ipiestion United sittc«' Caw, is that relatiii){ to the .Maps and (^'liarts of the years ininiediately antecedent to I81'4 and 18:;."), in Appemlii, lol which years the t'onveiitions dealiiij,' with the I'kase of IHL'l were concluded. To such Maps tin- ne;,'otiat(irs doulitless referred. lievertiii},', however, to the earlier Maps specially instanced liy the I'liitcd States' (iovernraent, it will lie fciunil that even these do not liear out the a.sserlions hased tiy Mr. I'llaine ii|h)ii them. A .Map illustrating Cook's voyages, and puldished ill 1784, is first referred to as sliowing the " Stn nf Kiimlrhnlhi " in " alisolute contradistinction lo the (Ireitl l^mlli .Sl-.i or I'acific Ocean." This is doiiliiess the Map pulilishe<l by William Fadeu in 1784, and included in the list attached to Mr. Itlaine's note. in this Map the name Sin t>f Knmchnikn is written across liehring Sea, aiil (lulf nf Ainu/i/r is the term applied to the indentation of the coast into whiidi the river of the sanie name flows. The sjiccial value alUiched to this Map liy .Mr. lllaiiie, in su]iport of his contention, entirely disappears when the seconil edition issued ten years later is inspected, and special attention is dii-ected to the detailed de,scri|ition of this latter Map at p. '.14 of lliis .Appendix. It will lie si'cu that the seiond edition hears the same title as the first, witli the addition of a face- note indicating that iiiinierous iiiipiovemcnts have been inserted. One of these impiiivemetits is the transfer of the name A-n n/ Knmtchntkn to the waters iinmediately adjacent to the coast of that jH'iiiiisula, leaving the main boily of llehriiig Sea vithnul nun iH^tiniiiir >i 'me. As the natural coii»ei|Uelice of this change. Sin nf Annili/r appears instead of d'lilf nf Ainnli/r. Turning to the Maps in the ofhcially piililished accoiinl of Cmik's tliiid voyage, likewise dated in 1784, iKitli those in the ipiarlo and oct.ivo eilitioiis, ami those also in Kremli and tieriiian translalions of somewhat later date, it is found that IWliiiiig Sea appears absolutely and markedly withuiU niii/ dinlimliir nnmr. The Map |)ublisheil in the " I/inilon Magazine " in I7li4, which is i,;;xt cited, is a reduction of MUller's Map, which has already been leleried to. The circumstanceH under which the mimes Sin nf Knnitilintkn anil Sm nf Aumtir appear i.:i tlie»e MapM have been noted on a previous imge, and are sudi as to show that neither of them can be ju.stly referrinl to as a|iplying to the aiva of Ilehring Sea as now known. In further endeavouring to niainlaiii his position as lo the essential se|iarateness of Ilehring Sea from the I'acilic t)ceaii, as understood by geographers of tiie time, .Mr. Ulaine adds an enunieration of a nmnlier of Maps as •' Inclosure li" to his hater above ivferred to. lie refers to these Maps in the following terms : — " I inclose a li.st of a large pro|K)rtioii of the most authentic Maps published ouriiig the niiiely years prior to IHlio in (ireet liiilain, in the I'nited .States, the Netherlands, Krancc, Spain, Cermaiiv. Russia — ill all Hlf" Maps— ch rrrrij nm- nf wliiih the body of water now known as liehring's ,Sea was plainly distinguished by a name sepaniti' from the I'acific (.)cean. On the great majority it is named the Sea of Kaiiisciiatka, a few use the name of lieliring while several other desigiialions are ii.sed The whole number, aggregating, as they did, the opinion of a large |iarl of the civilized world, distin- guished the sea. no matter under what name, as altogether separate finiii the I'licitic Ocean." It has so far only been found )iossilile to iilcniify a small iinmluT of these Ma]is, but on about half of these the distinguishing names " Sea of Kaiiitchatka" and ' Sea of Anadyr "are placed eilliet on the coast of Kamtcliatka or in the IJulf of Anadyr respectively, and im iiaiiie whati ,r iip|ieais as a general name for " the binly of water now known as Itehring Sea. " On the other Ma|i8 examined, when the name Sea o'' Kanitchalka is placed so as to include the whole of I'lchriiig Sea, it is in every case printed in the same character4 of ei[uivaluiil iiiiportaiicc to tliusu employed for the uamu of the Sea of (Jkutsk. No. 15 in I.iH, p. K4. United 8uic«'(':i«a, No. I (lt<Uli, f.M U17] 2 A 88 Maps raulopiirtl in 'Mnrlosiire (B)," Mr. HIainc lo Sir J. Fauncelole. December 17, 1890. Tliis list of 105 Map.'), thnn<;1i npjiarcntly foimidable from its very lonptli, is found to extend from tlio joar 1743 t» tin- year \H2'J, botli iin'Iu.'ivi', niul ('(insists solely of Maps uiK)u which a spvciul designation of .some kind is siipimsed to Ije found for Iteliriiif; Sea. As already stated, this jiroves nolhiiiH witli regard to the. relation of Behring Sea to the I'aeific as u whole ; while it is further ohseivalile that, in ronipilin),' the list, many Mn|>s of very doubtful or iin|HTfeet character have Ihh'U included with others of undoubt :d nutheuticily and value. Thus, in n's|icct to Cook's explorations, but a single Map is cited, while the official and original Mails are ignored, as has already been explained. Again, from Thouipson's large Atlas, of date 1817, but a single Map is cited, and this without suili refereiK 1' as to enabh! it to lie idontitied ; while, as a matter of fact, in this Atlas, Kehring Sea appearx upon tlire<! Maps as the Srn of Kitiiilclinthi. On three other Maps this name is evidently ('(mlined to the waters imtneiliately adjacent to the |)onin3ula of the same name, and on two, the greater part of lli-hring Sea is included without any name. I'nder date ISl'J, a Maj) by Hurney is (puoted as showing the name Sea of Kamkhnthi applied to Kehring .V-a, but the (udy Map by that .'Uth' - . " ■ ' that date which it has lieen possible to find is a " Chart of the north coiLst of Asia and (>; ' -• . .')rth of liehring Strait," in which the greater jiait of Hehring Sea is included, but withe .' 'ic, I c.h the northern (lortion of the Sea of Okhotsk, also included, is prominently named. .*<till, again, under 18i;."i, a Jlap in liutlei . l.vS (doubtless Xo. 10) is quoted as showing the name Hia of Kiinilclinthi, while the first Ma]i in that Atlas upon which llehring Sea appeals without uauie (thuug)i the Sen «/ Okhotsk and other similar seas are named) is ignored. Malhim'n ' Naval OajEfttleer," IxindoD, i;9S. vol. il, p. 4. Ibid , Tol. i, p. 42. Rrookea It., " Oenenl Gautteer," 1802. Montefiore, " Com- mercial Dietionarr," 1803. "(■eotfTaphial Diotioaarj," Lomlon, 1804. CruHwell. C , '• New Universal Gatettcer," laoH. Hangnail, R., " ('onipendium of Geography." ISIS. Rew' " Cyclopedia," Ix>ndon, I81U. ) r.alletli. J. n. A , " (teographi«che« WBrterbui-h," I'ellh, 1822. " Kdinburgh Gaxet* te«r." edition 1822, vol. i, p. 432. " General Garetteer," London, 1833 " New Ijondon Unlveraal (luictleer," I82S. " Edinborfih Gaiet- Uer," Undon, 1H27, rol. i, p. 4S2. Tlie following are definitions found in the gazetteers, dictionaries, and geographies of the world, both of tlie jiicseiit and old dates, touching the Pacific Ocean, IJehring Sea, Kumtchatka, &.C., which show that llehring .Sea has U^en from the year 171)5 down to the present regarded as {)art of the I'acitic Ocean. " Kamschntka Sea is a large branch of the Oriental or North Pacific Ocean." " I'eering's Straits, which is the pa.ssage from the North Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Sea." " IJtH-ring's Island. An island in the Pacific Ocean. [Behring's Island is in Behring's Sea.] " Kaniscliatka. liounded ea.st and south by Pacific." " KaniLsrliatko. Hounded on the north by the country of the Koriacs, on the east and south by tlie North Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the .S<!a of Okotsk." " I'eering's Island. In the North Pacific Ocean." " I5eering's Island. An island in the North Paoific Ocean. " Kauitehatka. Itiver, which rups into the North Pacific Ocean. " Kamtchatka. Peninsula, Injunded on the east and south by the North Pacific Ocean." " Islands in the Knstern or Oitiat Pacific Ocean ; Bhering's Isle." Behring Sea not mentioned. "■ Pacific Ocean ' ((iiisiiU>reil as the boundarj' of the Ru.ssian Empire, washes the shores of the Ooveinineiit of Irkutsk, from Tschukotskoy Noes, or ('(X)k's Straits, t<> the frontiers of China; or, in (jl her words, from the mouth of the liiver Aimnkan, that is, from 0,5"' to 45° north latitude. It is divideil into two great jiarts. That lying eastwards from Kamtshatka, lictwcen Silwria and America, is eaiineiitly styled tlie Ka.'steni, or Paeifir, Orean ; that on the west side, from Kamtshatka, lietwcen Sdieria, the Chinese, Mongolia, ami the Kurile Island i, is called the Sea of Okhotsk. From the ditlerent places il touches it a.ssunies ditlerent names, «.,'/., frt^m the place where the Biver Aradyr falls into it, it is called thi Sea of Anadyr, and alrave Kamtshatka the Sea of Kamtshatka; and the bay iK'tweeii the districts of Okhotsk and Kamtshatka, is called the Sea of Okhotsk, the upper )iart cif wliicli is termcHl Penjinskoyc More, that is, the Penjinskiau Sea, as it approaches the mouth of the Itivcr Penjiiie." " Stilles Meer. Vom 5 nordl. Br. an bis ziir Beringsstrosse aufworts 8tet« heftige Sturme." [llehiing's Strait is at the northern extremity of Behring's Sea.] " Behring's Island. An island in the North Pacific Ocean." " Boering's Island. In the North Pacific Ocean." " Beering's Island. In the Pacific." " Kaml.srhatka fPcninsula). On the oast it has the North Pacific Ocean, and on the west that large gulf of it called the Sea of Okhotsk." 89 " DIctioniuirc G6o- Rrapliii|ue l'ni»cncl," Seili, !'r J C, " (jeiiirrnjihiiirliot Htati'liMhra Iland- wt'.rterhucli," Pe-th, n2i, Halbcnuilt, 1829. " Penny National Ubrmi7 Geograpbjr and Uiutltoir," 11130. Arrfiwaoiith, " (vraiiiujar of Modem ficojirapby," ]ll3i. " Mor I'acifii|uc. 11 sVtcnJ du nord au huiI dcpuis Ic Cercle I'olairc Arctitjue, c'eat-A-diie, depuis In Detroit dc liuliiing, qwi lu fnit cciiiiiiiuiii<iuur I'l TOcrnn (Jlncinl Austrul." " Sliili'H Slcur. Vfini 30 sudliclier lireitc Ms zum "> nordlii'lier ISreiti! vi'rdicit cs diinli soiiie HiMti-rkeit iind Stillo dou uuiiicii di's Stilluii M"ur.<) ; von du an Imh zur JSi-riii;^HstruN.sc ist os lit-fti^cii Stiirmcn uulurwurcii." " Bccriiig's Inland. In tlie North Pacific Ocean." "Piherins's Strait connect.s iho Frozen Ocean witli tlie I'acifin. " The Anadir IIow.h into the Paoitic Octan. " The |iriii(M|ial gidfs of Asiatic liussia arc : tlie (iulT of Aniidir, near Itlicrinn's Strait ; llie Sea (jf Ponjina, and the Uuli'of Okh'itk, between Kaintclmtkx and the mainland of Ituit.sia — all three in the Pacific Ocean. ' " L'Ocean Pacifique Boreal s'«!tend depuis le Udtroit de Rehriug jusqu'uu tropique de Cancer." " Pn!d« do h G6o. gnphie UnircrMlle," par )Ult«-Uran. vul. ii, p, Ilil, edition I83S. " Jj6 T)6troit de Rehring. A commencer par oe diStroit, le Grand Oc^an (ou Oc^an Pacifique) forme uiito, vol. Tiii, p. 4, la limite oricntale de I'Asie." I^HKloifl, "Diction- nAtre do O^ographie," UM. " Penny Cjrclopiodia," 1840. " Behring (dAroit ci^lcbre). II joint I'Ocdan Glacial Arctiquc au Grand Ocean," "The Pacific Ocean, ll.s houndary-line is pretty well determined liv the adjacent continent."", which approach one another toward.^ the north, and at Behring's Strait, which .se|)Rratoa them, are only altout 36 miles apart. Thi.s strait may be considered as closing the Pacific on the north.'' " Behring (Detroit dc), k re.xtr(5mite nord-est de I'Asie, separc Continent de TAmi-riiiue et I'Oci'an Glacial Arcticiue de I'Ocean Pacifique. " Behring (Mer de). Partie de I'Ouean Pacifique." " Behring Strait. The channel which connects the North Pacific with the Arctic Oceans." " Behring (D<ltroit de). I'Ocdan Arctique." Canal dc Ibci^Bn unissant Ics caux de I'Oci'an Pacifi(jue a ccllcs de " Pacific Ocean. Between longitude TO" we.st and 110° nist, that is, for a sjiaco of over 180', it covers the greater part of tlie earth's surface, from Behring Stiaita to the Polar Circle, that .sciJiirates it from the Antarctic Ocean." " Behring Island is situated in the North Pacific." " Kanitchatka, a peninsula projecting from the north-castt-rn part of Asia into the Pacific Ocean." " Behring (DAroit de). Canal du Grand Ocean unissant les cau.r de I'Occ^an Pacifiiinc a cellcs de rOc(ian Glacial Arctique. " Behring Sea, .wmetimes called the Sea of Kamtrhatka. is that portion of the North Pai ilic Ocean lying U'twccn the Aleutian Islands and Bchriiig's Strait." " Behring Strait, the channel which separatts Asia and America at their nearest appmach to ei . other, and connects the .\rctic with the Pacific Ocean. " IJussian Ameiica comprises the whole of the continent of North-west America west of longitude 141° west anil a strip on the coast extending .south t<i latitude 5."i° north, bounded on the cast by British America, soutli and west by the Pacific Ocean, and north by the Arctic Ocean and tiio following island groui)s," &c. " Behriug's Island. An island iu the North Pacific Ocean," "Behring's Strait, which connects the Pacific with the Aiotic Ocean, is formed by she approach of the continents of America and Asia," " Pacific Ocean. Its extreme soutliern Iftiiit is the Antarctic Circle, from which it strctihcs imitli- ward through 1 3 li" degrees of latitude to Behring's Strait, which sepamte [sir] it from the Arctic Ocean. ' " Dictirmnaire Fnl- ronel il'Hiiitoire ctde Gt'OKraphie," par M.N. Uouillet, Paris, 1842. MoCalloirli. J. R , ' Uoo^'rapbt(>al Didionar)'," London. 11149. " Dii'tionnaire G6i'griiphi<]ue cC Sintitttiqiie." par Adrien Uuibert, Paris, 18S0. " The Ncir American CyclopBHiia," e<liU'd by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana, New York, 1)161. " Engliab Cyelopn-di*,' London, ls.^4-il2. Geoifraphy, Tol. i, p. 96". Ibid., vol. ii, p. 854. " Grand Diefionnaire de Giographie t'nivertelle," par M, HeseliercIIe. Ain6, 4 vols, I^SS. " Imperial Oasetteer," lg«{>. Harper's " Slatistical Gaietieer oftlie World, " l.y J. lolrin Mnilh, .New York, iH.'iS, celles I Behring (Detroit de). Canal ou brae de nicr nnissont les vmx dc I'OciJan Glacial Arctique a de rOct'an Pacifique.' Fullarlon's " Garet- teer ol the World," 18K. •' Cyclopwlij of Geo- grapby.'M.ytbiia. Knigbt. int. " McCullcch's Geo. graphieal Uielionary," ediird by K. Martin, lens. "Grand Dietinnnaire Vmrertcl." ptir M. Pierre LarooHe, I'lria, idtf7. OD llouillct " nietinnnaire rniTcreel d'Hintoiie et lie (t^ognptiic." I'tria, IHri. lIlM'kle'a " Imperial Oaiettecr," l^iuilon, 1874, vol. i, p. 8M. Ibid. Ibid., /ol. il, p. uS8. " Piinifiqiii' (rOci'nii) (lit iiussi \v firaii.l Ocdan . . . liihiiiifj avfc I'Oci'iin (ilaciiil Arcliiiuo." coiiiiiuininiic ail iioi.I par le Dotroit tie " IWirinj; Stroit t wliifli connects tlie N. I'ncilic with the Arctic Ocean. " American rvclo- pedia," New Yoik, 1X76, vol. i. p. 4iiO. Ibid., p. 481. " Kncyclopivdia Hritanuii-a." nintii tnlitiun. IMinburgli, 1875 90, ml. Hi, p. S09. tbld. " Kanitrliatka, ou ile Ueliring (^f(M• ile). I'artie tie rOoi'an I'ncifirpic." " Boreal or N., cxtcndini; from Ik'hrinK's Strait or tlic Arctic ("itcic to tlie Tro]iic of Cancer. . . . In tlu! N. till' IVitic jjr.uliially contracts in wiiltli ; the contincnt.s of Anicrica and Asia strctchin;; out anil a])|)ro.\iniatiii^', .so a.< to leave the coni)>anitivi'ly narrow channel of Itehrin^j's .""trait as the only coinnmniiation lu'twecn the I'acilic ami the Antic Oceans, llelween the strait mi the \., the Aleutiiiii Islanils on the S., ami the remarkalile iieiiinsiilas of .Miaska on the K. ,iml Kaui'..sclia*.ka on the \V., one of the largest ami bjst iletinetl braiiclies of the I'acitic is tlie Sea of Itelirin^t." " Itehriii^' Sea. That part of the I'acilic Ocean which lic3 immediately goutli of IV-hriof! Strait." " Hfihrinfi Strait. \ channel connecting the \orth I'acific and Arctic Oceans." " llehrin^'s Island, llie mo,st westerly of flic Aleutian ),'roiip in the North I'acific, in ii')' 22' N. latitude, Uil) K loii)iitude. It is rocky and desolate, and is only remarkalile 08 being the place where the navigator llchriiiy was wrecked and died in 1741. Population l.'.."«IHI." " Itelirin^ Strait, the narrow sea between the north-east part of Asia iiiid the north-west part of North America, connecting the North I'acitic with the Arctic Ocean." Ibid.,Tol. iviii, p. 115. "Extent. — The I'acilic Ocean (•formerly called the S<iutli Sea, and sometimes still so named by the French and tiennans (la .\Ier .Sud ; Sud.see, Australojean), with whom, however, la Mer (TOccaii; I'aciliiiue. and Itrosser Ocean, or Stillcs Meer, are the more usual desigimtions) is iHiiindeii on the north by I'ehrinj; Strait and the coa-sts of Itussia and Alaska ; on the eas>t by the west coasts of North and South .Vmerica ; on the south the iiiiaj,'inary line of the .Vntarctic Circle divides it from the Aiitarctie Ocean, while its westerly liouiiilary is the eiuit coast of .Viistralia, the Malay .Archiiielajio separatiiij; .t from the Indian Ocean, and the eastern coasts of the Chinese Kmpire. .Suiie modern ficograpbers place the southern limit of the Atlantic, I'acilic, and Indian Oceans at the 4ll|li parallel, and name the iMnly of water which surrounds the earth between that latitude and the Antarctic Circle the Southern Ocean. " AltliouHh dirteriiij? from the Atlantic in its general form, being more nearly land-looked to the north, tli'i I'acilic Ocean resembles it in being open to the south, forming, in fact, a great projection norlhwaiils of that vast Southern Ocean of which the Atlantic is another arm. "The I'acilic is the largest ex]mnse of water in the world, toveiing more than a quarter of its superticies, and com)irisiiig fully one-half of its water surface. " It extends through 1:12 degrees of latitude, in other words, it measures 9,000 miles from north to south. From east to west its breadth varies fioni about 40 miles at Behriiig Strait where Asia and America come within sight of each other, to 8,,"i00 miles from California and China on the Tropic of Cancer, and to more than 10,000 miles on the F/piator, lietwci n Quito and the Moluccas, where the ocean is the widest The area has lieen variously estimated at from 50,0(l0,oil0 to 100,000,000 square miles; but, deliuing its boundaries as above, Keith .lohn.ston, from careful measurements, estimated it, with pixiliably a near approach to the truth, at (i7,810,OO0 square miles." Johnwton, H. K.. " Gazetteer." London, 1877. p. 142. Ibid., p. 47. Jobnaton'p " Dic- ttonarr of lieoijniphy," London, 1877. Ibid. St. Martin'a"Nnureau Dictionnairc do (leo* KFitphie ITniveiaelle," tome i, Paria, 1H7II. liippincitt'a " ft»!Cl- teer ofthe Worid." I'biladeipbia, 1880. Ibid. lUd. " IWiring Sea. Tliat part of the North Pac^'c Ocean lietween the Aleutian Lslands in 50° and Behring Strait in 06' N., by which latter it communicates with the .Vrctic Ocean (Behriug Sea)." " Anadyr Kiver. Falls into an inlet of the Sea of Anadyr (North Pacific)." " Extending from the Arctic to t!>e Antarctic Circle, through 126' of latitude." " . . . . It narrows especially towards the north, where il coinmunicalcs with the Arctic Ocean by Behring Stniit." " Behring (Detroit de). Passage qui unit I'Ocdan Olocial Arctique au Grand Oc^an." " Behriug !^'a, or .Sna of Kamchatka, is that part of the North Pacific Ocean between the .Vleutian l.<laiids in latitude 5.5" north and Behring Strait in latitude 66^ north, by which latter it commu- nicates with the .Victic Ocean." " Behring Strait. The channel which .separates Asia and America .... and connects the .■Vrctic with the Pacific (Jcean." " Pacific Ocean .... extends from the .\rctic to^thc .Vntarctic Circle, over VS.i Jegrcf" " latitude." • In tbe GngUih ediUoa tbli fama i rooi-net*. 91 IK'troit <le .")."i° 2S N. llie pluce "Beliring. or Blioring. A strait sen, island, nnil bay, Xoitli Pacific Ocean." " Bering's Mcer. Per nordiistliehstc Teil des Stillcn Ocean's." "Beringsstni9.se. Mecrenge das nordaitlichste Eismcer niit deni Stilk'ii Orean vciliimlciiil." " Bchring Sea is that part of the North Pacific Ocean lietwcen tlie Aleutian Ixhinds . and Fiehring Strait." "Behring Sea, or Sea of Kamtclmtka, in that part of tln: Xortli Piieific ficean lietwecn thi' Aleutian Isliind.s, in latitude 5.5" ni)rth, and Bchring Stnut, in latitude UO' north, liv wliith latter ic communicates with the Arctic Oo iaii." Hryce and Johni'oa. " Cyclo|«edia of Uro- frsphj." I.ondun aad UlMgo«. Initi'. Brockhatm' " Coafer- rationn l^tiron." Leipijg, 1->H'.!. RiKcr • " (ito- K>lipbi*ch -'^uti«tiieh lexicon," L4-ip/ig, "niwIUerortbe World." l/oodoo. UHS, rol. !, p 199. " Tlic (;*«tu«r ol ihe World," Tbomu Jock, l.oodoQ, is"5. Behring Sea. A part of the Pacific Ocean X. of the Aleutian l.slands.' " Behring's Sea. North-east part of tlie Pacific lietween Asia and America.' " Behring Strait connects the Pacific with the Arctic Ocean. " Behring Sea. A j)art of the Pacific Ocean, cuminonly known as the .Sea of KaiDchrttka.' " Behring's Strait, connecting the North Pacific with the Arctic Ocean. " Behrinii's .Sua, sometimes called the Sea of Kaiurlmlka, is that portion of the N'(jrth Paiilic Ocean Iving between the Aleutian Islands and Pichring's Strait." Wurctaler'i " Dictionftry of Ibe Rnuliiti l.nii^uage," Fhilsdelpuia. IseT. ■• Porkct Encjrlo- nip<llm." Hainpi>oD Lov, 1888. Cbamben' " iUejclo- pwlia." 1888. niarkiVf " Modern I'rclopKilia," !»(<» c.tiiioQ. The following letter, adiln-ssed to ^fr. Rolx'rt Uayner by Prfifes.sor Alexander Supaii, and pul>- lished by .Mr. Uayner in an article by him on the Behring Sea (lUestion in the New York " Kveiiing Post," of th(' 11th Xfarcli, ISIU, is of particular interest as embodying the opinion of om- of the most eminent geographical authorities of tlie day on the subject of the relations of liehring Sea to the Pacific : — in 00° and " Juitvs Pcrlhfs' Gmifraphiral ]n.itiliite, Editoruil Jioomt, "(Translation.) " Offlct of I'ltrrmnnn't f'dinnninications. " Honoured .Sir, "(Intha, Anremher 1(1, 1HH7. " In answer to your honoured letter of the 24th Octolier, I U'g to make tlie folhiwing remarks : — " Behring's .Sea is considered by all geoinTijihers as a part of the I'acilii- Ocean, and there cannot lie [the] least doubt with reganl to thi.s, [fromj however ditlerent principles of division one may start. " Behring's Strait is (lie natural topograj)hical boundary of two great ."en basins, the Pacific and the Arctic, and this all the more, as it nearly coincides with tlie noilliern Polar (_'iicle. In addition, there is the consideration that sea arms shut otV by chains of islands are just one ol the characteristic marks of the western |)art of the I'ueitic Ocean. As little as one can (letacli the Sea of Okliotsk or the Si-a of .lapan from the Pacific Ocean, just so little can one consider Behring's .Sea as iiidcpeiiileiit. A comparison with such iidand waters as Delaware Bay or the Sea of Azov appears entirely inadmissible. " It is, however, [cerlninly] a different question how [what] the Treaty Powers thought on tl.is point in 18'J4. Up to the year 1845 there w.is giwit [much] caprice and divergence in the division and a]HH'llation of the great seas. However, the wording of the Treaty of 18i;4 .shows that one w.is already acipiainted with the division of Buache (IT'ili), for he was the first one to introduce the name (ireat Ocean. In this division Behring Sea Is-longed to the ' Mer Septentrionale du (iranil Oii'aii.' Vorster, the celebrated companion of (.'(xik, also is l)eyond doubt in this regard (see [his) collecleil writings, vol. iv, p. 9, //). "It mu.st lie noted that in Fleurien's time (year eight of the first French Itepublic) the two ice seas (Ari'.tic and Antarctic) wttre not yet se|)arated [were not yet lo<iked upon as se|iamted] from the other three oceans. When Klourien intriKluced this separaticui he tcwik the Polar Circles as boundaries, and to this the British Commission of 1845 also acceded, as is welt known, (-'oiise- quently, hero also Behring's .Sea apis-'urs as part of the Pacific Ocean. "Hoping that these remarks will be suiticient for you, I remain. Sic, (Signed) "PlioF. Dlt. ALEX. Sup.VK, Editor of Pdcrnnmn's Cointii imieutioni. " Mr. Robert Rayner, "Salem, Mn3sachuBett&" In reply to a request sent by Dr, George 51 Dawson to Professor Supan (or a copv of the above fll7] "2 13 02 Icttor, M originally written in Gorman, that gcutlviiinn iiau been so kind m to write further, as InliiiWS : — " (Trnnshition.) "Juiins Pertht*' nmrfrnpliifal fimtiliile, ' Must hondint'd Sir, " dtillm, Jiilii l."i, IS'.lli " I'nt'ortunntrly, I d" not jiossesd a copy of ray letter to Mr. Itayncr. Imt the tnmHhiticin npix'iii's t(i int' to \ip, <in ihi wIiciIl', curu'ct. Kaynrr lusked nic what was my niiininn nn the iiiifslioii fmm a ^'i'0};ra|iliical ]; liiil cit' view, and my ^'plv talis uniliT Iwd lieads ; — " 1. TiiL' prrscnl ncojinipliem idllwtivi.'jy, sci I'lir as 1 kimw, consider llclirin^; Sen as part ol the 1'ai'ilie Ocean, ami ficnn whatever jmint nf view tlie ipii^tion is considerecj llie ciinclusion alway.'* arrived at is tliat lielirinj; Sea is an annex iif the I'aciCc. "U. This view, moreover, also jjemsrally priivailed as early as 18:24, a i ihu two earliest attempts at classificatinn a),'rt'(! in it. What view was held liy the Gorenniieiii* of the day is, liowever, <|iiesticiMalile, as there uru enough instances to show that (loveriimeiits Irou'ule themselves hut little with seibuce. " With the highest cousideratioii, I remain, iScc. (Signed) " Alf.x. St;i'AX. Noteaon rarioui Mft[w eiADiinod in eonueciion with the quwtiui) of UHige of the namefl " Pacinu Ocean," " Behring Sea," Ac. No. 4S in Lilt. An examination of all tli(^ Maps upon which the sea now called Ilehriug Sea appears |iriiminently, hetween alMMit ISl.j and ISli.'i (Uith inclusive), which could lie found In the .Map Department of the Hrltlsli Museum Library, ha.s been made; also of xomu which ap|H-ar in Uniks of travel, \'e., in the Printed liook Department. \ few Maps found elsewhere have also Ikjcm included. I''pr dates juevlous to 181."), and subseipieiit to 18;!,5, n selection only of the more important .Maps lias been consulted. Such selection was made by rcfeience to the (.'atnlog\u> titles of the Maiis, and the results of the examination of each such Map are hei-e noted, irrespective of the lienring whicli these may be sujiposed to have on the ipiestion at issue. The list ii-s a whole then'fore ditVers from ihat >;iven as an .Appendix to Mr. Hlaim''s despatch of the 17th Decendntr, 181)0 (whicli wa.s compiled for the ])ur|Kise of making out a specitied contention), anil, so far as ;• goes, may be accepted n.s a general imli- c.itioii of the best usage in vogue nt and aljoiit the time of the Convention of 1824 ami 18:;"). The names luinted in i/(i/iV.< are In each ca.se exact transcripts of those apjiearlng on the Map. No Maps of a date earlier than that of the publication of I'ook's third voyage, in 1784, have been included In the list; iait all Maps relating to Cook's voyage, and which incluile the area of llehring Sen, liave lieen sought for. as Mr. Itlaliie, in his despatch nbove cited, ap])ee.r8 to |)lace siK'cial impor- tance on one of them. This ]iarticulnr Map, published by William Kaden, has been dealt with above at p. 87 of this Ap))endix, and none of the other original or otlicial Mnjis relating to ("ook's expc'dition agree with it in naming IJehring Sea (as >Sea of Kamtchatka or otherwise) iw separate from the North I'acific. l)n the contrary, none of these Maps, whether in the En(,lish editions or in the French or (ierman editions of Cook's voyages, give any distinctive nan u '•> I'ehring Sen as n whole. The only other Map relating to Cook's exjiodition upon which such sep, rate name has so far U-en found l.s one taken from " fiuthrle's Athus," in which llehring Seals trnmc. Sea of Kiimliholha. This is without date, but the "assigned date" in the Catalogue of the Hritlsh Mi'scum Library is 1811. 1784. 1. A Grnkfui. Ciiaut, icxiiiniTiNc. the Discoveiiies madk by Captain ,Tamrs Cook, &c. Ilv LiEi'TKNANT Henuv Kobehts, OK Hi.s Ma.iksiv'.s Uoval Navy. In Ccjok's "Third Voyage," 4to. edition. I»ndon, 1784. Folio volume of Maps and I'lates accompanying text. This is the original of the Chart in the 8vo. eilition. Hohring Sen appears without names, though Olutarsloi Sen, lienver Sea, Gut/of Anidir, Slioal Water, Uriatol liay, appear aa loi-al names of e(iual rank. The three first close in to the Asiatic coast. Behrimfs Strait. North Pacific Ocean. 1784. 2. CiiAUT OK THE N, W. Coast ok Amekica and the N. E Coast of Asia. In same original 4to. edition. Ueliring Sea without name, though occupying n central ]Kisition, and shown in detail. Bristol Bay is the most prominent name on the whole of this part of the Chart. Aneulintl- Gvba appears in small letters in the gulf itself. Other names appearing in the Gencml Map are here wanting. Bhcrintjs Strait. No name on part of North PaciGc included. 93 3. A Oeskrai, Chart, kxiiibitino DiscovERrES made nv Cook, ny Ijeutesast Korerts, 17S4. BoliriiiK S(!ii witliiiul >,'«i>eral niiiiios. li-drir Sta ami (Jlulnmkoi Sea, einjmved close in to shore of Kanitilmlkii, (,'itl/o/ Aiuultr mid llnMol Z<oy prominently nnnu-d. Uthrinifi StrniU North J'acijlc Ocean, 1784. 4 <'HAKT OK THE N. VV. Cf)AST OF AMERirA AND THE N. K. CoAST OF A.SIA. KXI'I.OREU IN THE YEARS 1778 AM« 17711. l'REI'AREI> liV I.IELT. UoilKRT.S INLER THE IMMEDIATE INSPECTION UK Caitain Cook. I'ihushek iiy W. Kahex, Charing Cro.ss, Jii,y 2^, 1784. ItolirinK Si-u nauii'd Si-a of K^mehnlkn. JJiviri- S<:ii cloxe in to short: of Kamcliulka. fill of Ohitdc iM[uivrtleiil in nuik to Sea of Kamtchatha. Gulf of A iitiili/r, liruilol liny A'ortliirn I'art of I'orifie or (Irwt South &«. The Aleutian Islands lire very imperfectly shown. 1784. 5. A Oeijerai, Chart, exhibiting the Piscoveries made ry Captai.v .Tames Cook, &c. In " A Voyttw to the I'licitic Ocean, Ac ; Cook." 27 vols. 8vii. l/indon. 1784. The Chart included in the Ilritisli Museum copy of this work appears to have been niserted, and bears date on margin as engraved fur 8vo. edition in 178C. Uoberts' name is not liere given as authority. Hehring Sea without name. JiehrimjH Sir. North Pacific Ocean, ..„„.,„ , i On this edition of Map, Obitanlcui Si-n, Oulf of Anadir. Shoal Water, lirixlol Bat/, appear as local names of eiiual rank, but " Heaver Sea," shown on some other Maps of Cook's Voyages, is omitted. 1784 fi. A Geserai, Chart, ExiiiniTiNo the DisfovERiEs made by Captain .Tames Cook, &c. Tn Cook's "'ininl Voyage," 2ml edition. I/mdon, 178.->. 4to. ThlH seems to bo identical with that in the 1st edition (No. 1). Beliring Sea appears without name. Subsidiary names in IJehring Sea, &c., same as in 1st eilition. 1785. 7. Chart op the N. W. Coast ok America and X. K. Coast of Asia. In " Cook's Voyage," 2nd edition. Identical with corresponding Map in Ist edition (No. 2). 8. Carte OisfcRAi.E offiiant LES Decouvertes, &c., f,>r A. Hoberts, &e. In "Troisiime Voyage do Cook." Taris, 1785. 4to. , , . , t n ir c Uehriii" Sea apiiears, but without name, though various parts are named as follows: M. leaver. M. OluJanki, Gal/e ,1'Amidir, Bat fotuls, Baye JJristol. The.se aiu all engi-aved in characters of etiuivalent size and stylo. Dit. dt Behrings, Ocian I'acifique du, Nord. 1785. 9 A CiENERAL Chakt exhibitino Discoveries made by Caitain Cook, &c. Same Map ns last. Another edition. From the " I'oUtical Magazine," December 1784 and January 1785. Nomenclature some as above. 1785. 10. Carte db la C6te N.-O. de l'Amerique, et de ia C6te N.-K. dk l'Asie." In "Troisiome Voyage do Cook." Paris, 1785. 4to. Bohring Sea occupies a central position, but witliout name. , ■ > • mtroii de Sekring. No name on that part of Pacific to south of Aleutian Islands, wliicli is included. 1785. 11. General Charts, &c., in Cook's " DnrrrE Ueise" 2 vols. 4to Berlin, 1788. Behring Sea without name. 1788. const. 94 Hfiiier Sit. OlutarJcUiJit Str, MttrhuKu ton Aniulir, npfwar as lubsidiar)' iiimdm nloao to Asiutic t. Heiiht Wiimtr, llritint llnii, Himilnrlv on Anierii'iiii const. Jill ri ni/s Slrniw. Ihm SoiiUiehc Slille Writ Mcrr. 12. ClIAllTK vox DKll \()l(l>-WE.STU(iIE.N KCsTK VOX A.MKIil'A tXt> HER NoKU-OsTUrilKN KCSTK vo.s AsiKN, ill (Vuik's " Drill)! Jieisc." ItcliriiiK Sen lilt iiii'liicliMl, Ijiit without iiniiie. lltviuj* Slni-w. ilrer con thiuitik jmitly .ilmwii niiil )iroiiiint'nUy named. No nninv un piirt of Pacific inclutleil stintli of Aleiitiun Islaiuls. 17<ll) l;!. A f'll.MlT OK TIIK N'OUTIIKIIX I'.VCIKll- (ICKAX, COXTAIXIXf. TIIK N. K. ( 'oA.iT OK .AslA AXI> \. \V. foAsT OK .Vmkhua, kxi'Lohki' is 177M axu 1771t itv Caitaix t .^ok. axd kiktiikii kxi'I.oked IX 17M'< AM> 17«'.t iiv .loiiN Mkahks. Ill " Mi-nru.s' Vipvuj,'!'." -Ito. edition. I>iiii(loii, 1790. Itclii int; .S'li in sliowii iix Ski i>J' KumlnehntKii. hflirimin Stmiln. A'urlh J'ldific Octnn \7W. 14. C'liAiiT OK TIIK N. 'iV, Coast .Vmkhk a a.nh N. K. Coast ok A.-^ia. Exri.onEi" in the years 1778 AND 17711 iiY Caitaix Cook, axo KniTiiEH exim.okei) in the yeaks 1788 axd 1789. In •■ Mi-aiivs' Voyiij;i'." 4t<i. i-ditioii. I.ondim, I7'.MI. |{tdiriii;i S«'ii i.s .sliown ii.i Sni v/ K'lmr/tuliikd. Ihlirinijn Strath. The A'vrlhcni I'luifii- Ocniu. 1794. 1,5. CiiAiiT OF THE \. W. Coast of .V.mkhk'a axd the N. K. Coast of Asia, explohed ix the VEAHS 1778 axd 1779. I'IIEI'AIIED HV LiEIT. HKXHV UoIIKKTS IXDEII the IM.'HEDIATE IX.SI'ELTION OF Caitaix Cook. ].oxdox. I'iiii.isiied iiy Wm. Kadkx, (Ieockai-hek to the Kixc, Chakino Cmis.><, .ll I.Y L'4. 1784. L'XI) KDITIOX, I'CilLISIIKD iIax. Ist, 1794. Tlii.s iH till! 2nd edition of ihu Mup di'Hcril)«U above (No. 4). On the face of it the following note >.s w ritleii : — "Advehtise.mext. — The interesting di.scoveries made by British nnd Anicricnn .shi]* since the fii-Ht publicntion of the Cliiirt in 1784, together with the jiydrogrnphical nmterials lately procui-ed frcmi St. Pclerslmrgh and oilier places, have eiialiled M. do la Itochetle to lay down the iiuiiicnius iniinove- nients which Hi>|HMir in the present edition. " Clwriiii/ Cnm. J„,i. \d. 1794. "W. FaDEN." The main Wly of Ilehring Sea, which in the Ist edition woh styled Sea of Knmrhatka.hete appears without any distinctive iianie. St" iif Kdmlrliiilhi is written on the waters immediately adjacent to the pcninsuln. >SfV( of Aiiiiilir rcjilacfs the Otilf nf AimiiiT of the Ist edition. Si a iif Oltlwld- ainiciirs as a name of ('(lual rank with Sea of Kamlchiitka and iSeo of Anadir. liriiier Sm is written in smaller characters along the Kaintchatkau coast to the north of IVlnipaulovski. Jllifriiiif Sfrnil, ISrinlol Bai/, Xnrth I'ini of tin' I'm- i fie Ocrnn or Great Smith Sta. The Alentiiin Islands an^ imicli more correctly given than in the Ist edition, and A'wih-Wcst Sea IS the term a]iplied to what is now known iw .Sitka lliglit. 1795, IC. Map of Discovehie.s iiy Caitaixs Cook and Cleiike ox Nokth-West Coast of Amehica. In M. Carey's American Atlas, I'liiladeljihia, 179.5. Behiiiig Sea iiiipeam without a distinctive name, though it is very inaccurately represented as full of islands, across which the title Norllitni Arrhijielaijo is wiittcii. Sen nf UkoLik prominently marked. 'julf of Anadyr, Brintol Jiay, North Pacific Ocean. ' to Asiatic IlKN KCsTE Asia ani> KXI'I.dHEK TKF. YEARS 1789. In 1)5 17. Hviiitoiiii.M'iiiE Fh.\n(,'ai.se. XlAi;rE-JI(i.M)K of Caiitk Riim itk drs rAitTiK.s Connies du Globe, poi u skkwh ai' Voyaob i>k I,a I'kkoisk, 1785-88. No date. I'robably alxjut 1798 or before, m Vuiicoiivci'h Hurvcys not inchnliMl Kinni " AtU:i ilu V'oyogo." Lu Ptiiouse. No. 1. Bohring Sea not nunivd, thougli .Wir il'Ucholsk, &v., uauieJ. Helirinj; Strait nanied Ik'l. de Behring I'aciiiu Uceuu uuiued Grand Ucian. 1798. 18. IIVDHDoiiAi'niE Ki(AN(,AisK. Cahte des C6tk3 DE i/AMiiKiQUE ET DE i.'AsiE. From discoveriei by Frencii frijjates " Dmis.solp " and " Astrolal)c." No 'te. ProliaUy about 1798 or Ijefore, ai Vancouver'." .surveys not. included. From " Atla.s du Voyago." La Perouae. No. 15. Behrinj; Sen not named m\ this lar[,'(i-scule Chart. Hehrini,' Strait named />/. di- Hehrini). North Paeilic named Grand Ocean Septentrional. 1798. 19. Chaiit of the Pacific Ocean noktii ok the Lixr. Behrinj; Sea named Sea of KamtKhathi. North Pneijic Ocean appeal's. Liiuriu and Whittle. London, 1799. 20. Mai- showixo the Rl'ssiax Empiiie in " View of the Russian Empire." Took. London, 1800. 3 vols. 8vo. Whole of Behring Sea included, but without separate name; on the contrary, the North Pacific is named us a wlmli' Kn-^tn-n Occiiii, llie first woril lying to the north, the second to the south, of the Aleutian Island.s. Kastern Ocean i.s \iscil in the .same general sense in the text. Sea of Okhotsk distinctly named. Behring' a Straits. 1799. 1800. 21 . 2?. Kt'HsiAN Atlas, consistinc; of 43 sheets, and Diviwxii the Empike ikto 41 Govekn- HENT8. Publi.shed in 180U. Two Maps, one of E. Siberia ami Russian America, the other a large Map of the whole Russian Empire. Names shown in the .same way on both. Hebring Sea without .separate name. KmntihiitKa Sea off coast of peninsula. 0/iul.ik Sal prominently marked. An/idyr Sen of same nuik as two above. Behring Strait, Bristol Bay. I'aeifie Ocean. 1800. 23. Carte GfesfcuALE ue l'Emi-ike de Russie oiviskE en 41 Gouveuxements. I'edigee en 1800 par A. Vilbreckht. Names given in same manner as No. 19. 24. Ma1> 1'LIILI.SHEU UY the Ql AllTEKMASTEH-(iEXEUAI,'s DErARTMKXT. Rlissia, 1802. This Map, a /lu-iiinile of wjiiuh is attarliod to the British (.'a.se, is really a Chart showing the Asiatic and Amcricnn coasts and tlie whole of IV'liring Sea. The copy in possession of Hei- Miijcsty's (iovernment is the idcnticnl one sent by Sir C. Bagot, 17th November, 1821, in his despatch of that dale, and with MS. notes upon it. Behring .Sea is named, in huge letters niiiniiig from west to ea.sl, Beaver Sea. Kamtseliaiha Sen, in smaller letters, runs parallel to coast of peninsula of .same name, and inside the Commander Islands. North Pacific is named Soutlicrn Ocean or Still Sea. Beiihino Stuajt. 1800 1802. 25. CllAJiT of the .STKAIT BETWEEN AsiA AND AMEIUCA WITH THE COAST OF THE TttCHtiTSKI. Drawn by A. Arrowsniith. This Map appears in an account of a geographical and astronomical expedition to the northern part of Russia (expedition of Billings for the Russian Government), by Sauer. London, 1802. This is practically a Chart of Ueliring Sea, but that sea is not separately named in any way. Sea of Ocholsh appears prominently. Sta oj Anadyr in bay of that name. 1802. [1171 2 C 06 1802, 26. VOYAUIW ALONO THE NuttTll-KAHT COAHT (IK SiniHIA, ANIi ARCTir, AND I'AcrFIC OcKANB DUBINi! EliillT YE.VMS, &c. (Itilliiiys' K.\|Hiliti.m.) By Onptnin Sttrytliuf. Si. I'cUTsbiirg, ISUti. Ui>hriii<; Sen .vitlioiit iiiiy urm-nil name. Sen (if Kii .itsclmtka, Ac, iiii|i<;ni- jiriTisi'ly n8 in Map No. 32, which is ii German edition of the 1804. 27. Oknkihi. MaI' ok \ortii and SoiTii AMEiiirA. A. Arrxwsniith. I^indon, 1804. All ea.stcrn iiart nf IV'lirin^' Sea inclnded as far we.st ius llelirinL; Island, but without name. Norik Pacific Ucean. 1804. •JH. JIai' i)K Amkijk a A. Arrow.tniith. lichrin^' Sea without name. Bkcrinifs Strait. North Pacific (kmn. 1804. 1804. 2!>. A nKVFRAi, AND CLAatjCAL Ati.as. Ry K. Tatlison 1804. Map 3. The World. Hatlier small Map in }Iemi.s|ihere.s. No names on Itehring Sea, Okotsk .Sen. .Tapan Sea, &c., though IIiiil.viHS /ill/. Baffin's liny, ('hina b'ea, &v., shown. North Pacific llicaii appears alone, .•ill. Mnp .'.. A.«ia. Western part of liehrinj,' Sea .shown, but without name, though Sta of Gkottk, ic. named. Pacific Gccan. 31. ilap 7. Xorth America. EiLslern part of ISehring Sea shown, but without name. North Parific Ocean. a.s8)g 1805. 32. ('HAIITK DES NoHDrtSTI.inreN T1IEII.K vox SinililEN, DKS KISMEEIIS, I1K.S OsTOCEANS L'ND DEK NonD\VK.sTl.i(iiKN KCsTF (IN Amkkii'a. Kntw(,. .'ell von Sanilsehew. From Sarychef'.s are .nt of liilliii;,'.s' voyagcf. (iernian tmn.shilion. Leipzig, ISO."). I'ehring Sea without any ijemral name. Dan Mice rim KniiUilialhi ajiDi'ars in the western part of the .sea, to north of Commnnder and tbn western .Mculian I.slands, but i.s distinctly intended to apply only there. Letterinj; used iu this cose same with thai of Dns OiliDtsl.isrhr Mcrr. Bering! Strassc. Osi-Ocean u(kr ilan Slillr Mccr. THK 1809. 33. liKDKED ('MART OK I'AciKif OcEAX iiY .ViinowsMrTll. Additions to 1800. One sheet. This is a reiluetion of N'o. ■♦0, descrilwil Ih'Iow, lait evidently from an earlier edition than tliere quoted, exteniliny eipially far north, and likewise .showini: liehring .Sea without name. 1809. 34. S.MiTn'.s Nkw (iKXKiiAi. Atla.s. Ixindon, 1S09. Map 1. Western Hemisphere. IJehriiig Sea named Sen 0/ Kamtschatka. Bcrim/s Sir. North Pacific Ocean. 33. Mnp 3. The World. Alercator's I'rojection. Same as lost. 3C. Map 28. liussian Kmpirc. Behring Sea immeil Sea of Kamtchatka. 37. Jfap 31. Asia. (Jruater jmrt of Bchring Sea .shown, and portion of America, but without name on sea. Ikrimi Sir. North Pacific Ocean. Part of the latter name runs over into Behriiig Sea. .'IK. Map 41. America. Behring Sea nnined Sen of Kamtchatka. 3;). Map 42. North Americiu (Ireater part of Behring Sea included in detail, but without name Bhcrini/'i, St. North Pacific Ocean. 4t». Aiirow.smith's (.llAltT OK THE I'AClFlc OcEAN. This is a large and important Map in nine sheets, spuciiillv devoted to the I'ucific Ocean. Originally published 17'J8. This edition w-.ii corrections to 1810. Tlie"n()rlhi.rn edge of the Map runs about latitude G2° north, and it inchides the greater jmrt of BehrinL; Sea. but shows it as a large blank unnnined space. Bristol Bay alone is rather iwomiuently named. By contrast, the ,Ski of Ocholtk, Sta of Japan, and other inclosed seas aru named. pom 97 41. Kartk dk Ohosses Ocf.an. Snlfzniatin BrliritiR Son iininod Kitmmhnlhiirhra Mter. IVrthes. 1810 18)11. •t'J. Ostem.'m Nkw Of.ntjiai. Arr.AH. Lonilnn, IfllO. Map 1. Till! WiiiM. Hi'Iniii'i Si'a witlnmt iiuiiie, tlinu^;li .Sin of Okhotil; 4c., all clearly named. lilii-iiiuj'n Klrail. Xorth I'luiji'. 4:'.. Map 10. Asia. liirliiil(-< all the western part of Bclirint! Sna, but without name. I'arijif Onan. 44. Map l! 1. Nil] til Aiiieriia. Iiuludcs all eiwtem part of Beliring 8oa, but without narao. Bheriniji SlraiU. /'arijie Ocean. 1810. 45. CllAliT or TliK Woiii.n. Mi'i(at(]r's I'liiirctiou .'^bowing Captain Cook's discoveries. Datu a.ssigni-d in latalDgui-s, IHll. (I'mm (iiilliriu'.s " Atla .") Hiliriiij; Sea named i^n of Kaiiiljcliatka. hkeriiK/i islraila. Aurlli I'acijir: Octan. 1811. 40 HviiiiiKiiiAi'iriiAi. I'liAiiT i>r tmk '.Vdisli; A. AinmsniiLli, 1811. liclirili;,' .'^ca named Sa. ff K'nixlcluttha. Jl<riiii/'.i Htmit. .Wnili. I'acijif (kain. 1811. 47. ^Iai- of thk Woiit.i) i)N Mkiicatoi:'.s I'lto-iKCTinN lu.rsriiATisci Msias'ky'.s Voyaiik hound Tlir. WDiiMi. St. I'elerslpiiru, ISl'J. Iiehiiii!,' Si'a williiail separate name. Ilitiiill Utiait. .Wiiih J'oi ijii Ucctin. 1312 •ts. Nrw ,\ti.as. I'ieldin;,' I.iicas. Baltimore. Assigned datu in catalojjun, 1812. M;ip :;. Western llemi.spliere. lleliring Sea nami'd Kumlselin'.la Sea. Xorlh I'ncijir Diron. 40. Map :!. Tlie Wiirld. .Merealnr'.s rrnjeotioii. lielirin^; Sea slmwn, lait witleinl name. Ih-i riii(j\ Hli: Xorlh I'lii-ijh- (kciiii. fid. Ma)i 2'.'. Xijitli .Vmeriea. lieliring Sea named Sm of Kamtmhiilka. llilirUiifx Sir. J'lirijii; Urciiii. 1812. ."il (lor.DsMiTii'.-; .Vri.A.-!. London, 1 Si:!. .Mip 1. The World. Slercograpbie rrojeelion. Iielivin;; Sea ni>l named, ihim^h .Sea «/ Okhatsh, Srn of Jajmn, &c., named. Nurlh racific Uiniii. Wl. Mop 2. World iin Mi. rcator's Projection. Nam i aanip as alMive. ')'■'<. Map 4. Asia. Same as above. 1813. ."i4. Ni:w Kl.KMKNTAiiY Ati.a.s. Cary. bindmi. ISIO. Map 1. The World. Sm of Kitmlnchnlhit |ilrteed in western part of Beliriiii; Sea adjacent to the peninsula of same name. \o general name I'or lleliriiig Sea. North Pacific Occdil. .I.'). Map 2. The World. Same as atiovo. .")(). Map 10. A.sia. Sea of Kamtschiitka, tlic name being placed ijuite close to the land of the peninsula. tt"l. Map 25. North America. Whole easteni part of Bciiruig Sea sliown, but without name. 1813. 98 1814. '■s. Xew Mai' of Amkiiica. Smith. Loudou, 1814. Bi-hriiig Sen euUtd Sea of Kamscluitlca. 18U. 59. y\\v OF THE World. Illustratinj.' the voyages and travels of G. II. von Langsdorfl'. langsdorff. "Voyages ami Travels, 18(13-7." l/)iidon," 1814. 4to. 2 vols. Tins Map is separately marked uii niargiii iis engraved in 1814. Behring Sea without name, tliotigli the author's route posses twice across it. Bcrings Strait. North Pacific Ocean. Id 1815. 0<i. Piskeuton's Ati.a.s. London, ISIO. No. 1. The World, Western llenii.sphere. licliring Sea named Sea of Kamtdiatka. <il. No. o. Xortliern JIeniis)iherr (rohw rioji'ction). Behring Sea named iSca o/" Aajjiic/ia/Ja. Thb name, and those of Sra of Olholsh; iSru vf Jcumi, Yilloic Sai, &c., all in one size and style of lettering, and apimrently similarly s\d)ordinBte to Grand Nurlhcrn Ocean, which is written across tlic raoific. 02. No. 40. About halt of the eastern part of liehring Sea is shown on this Map, but without any name, though there is plenty of room for its inti'oduction. Grand Norlhem Ocean written across Pacific. 03. r>4. Nos. 60 & 01. The World, on Jlercator's Projection. Iichring Sea named Sea of Kamlachatka. In one Mnji is in same size and style of lettering as Sta of Okhotsk, in the other in same fonu a-s Dariss Slruit. Part of the name Grand Nurtlum Ocean extends to the west of the Kurilc Islands chain. 1815. 0.". CaCTE EXfVI'ROTYPE UK I,'A.MEUlgUE. IVliring Sea named Hafsiii ilii Xord. Behring Strait named Dd. dc Behring. Pacific named Grand Ocian. H. Brue, 1815. 1816. CO. firARTE VON- llKl! TiEIIRlNfIS Stuas.se. August 1816. In Kot7elmc, " Kntdeekungs-lieise in die Sud-See," &c. Weimar. 1S21. This Chart is the original of that in the Engli,sh transiatiun. Lai-ge part of Behring Sea shown, but without name. Behrings-Stra.isc. 1816. 07. CoMi'ENPEXSER Ai.LOEMiu.NEii A Ti.As. Geog. In.st., WeiaiaT, 1816. Map 2. Western Heniispheiv. Reining Sea without name. Bt'hring Strait named Cook'x Slra. N«irtli Pacific named Das Nordliclic StilU H'eltmeer. OS. Jlnj) 20. Asia. Iichring Sea named hen' A'nmlschalkaschtc Meet. Cook, (id. Behring's Stnissc. CO. Map 2!'. America. Part of Behring Sea shown, but without names. 1817. 70. TiioMr.sox's New CiENEliAi, Ati.as. Kdinburgh, 1817. Folio, llaji 1. Hy(lrograpliii';d t'linrt of the Wovid, Mrrcator's Projection. Sea if Kamtdiatka engraved parallel to the peninsula, and near it. No general names for Behring Sea. Behring Sir. Kctrth Pacific Ocean. 71. Map 2. Northern Hemisphere, Polar Projection. Behring Sea named Sat tf Kamtihatka. N. Pai ilic named O'mml Northern Uccan. 72. Map Ti. Western llenii.spheie. . Sea of k'<nnlfhiill.a. \in{ evidently applied to western part only of Behring Sea. iS. of Anadir also appears, tlio\igli insmaller letters, in nurth-westeri Jjart of Behring Soa. 7.1. Map 0. .N'ortlieni 1leiiiis]ihere, projected on plane of hcrizon of London. Bt'hiing Sea nameil Sea of Kaiidxchntka. JIheriw/ Str. 74 Map .'!."). .\sja. Wlioli' of liehring Sea .shown. ^Vn ./A''(mAW(<(//,r( iiigraved between y//ifrinv'.« 1. and the peninsula, end evidently confined to western part of liehring Sea. .Manifestly eiiuiviilent in rank to Sea of Anadir, which is engraved in gulf ol that name further nortli. North I'lici/if (h'inn. 7". Slap ;iG. liussian Knipire. Sea of Kamlchalka on western part of Behring Sen, which is alone includeil. Str Sen Sea I 99 liheriru/'s Strait. Pacijic Octnn. T6. Slap 52. Aincric.i. flrontor part of Beliring Sea shown, but without name. Uhering's St. Xi/rtli, Pacijic Ocean. 71. Map 5.S. North Anieiioa. About half of Beliring Sna shown, but without name. Bhering's StraiLi. North J'acijic Ocean. 78. Map 74. Chart of northern i)a.ssn<,'e between Asia and America. Iielirinj; Sea named Sm of Knmlchatha a.s a whole. lichrinij'a Strait. Norlhc-ii Part of Pacijic Ocean. 70. Chaiitk vns Ameripa. F. W. SireiL I'cliring Sea named Mccr von Kainlcliulka. Pucilic Ocean named Der Stitle Ocean. Niiruberg, 1817. 1817. 80. Ru.s.siAN' War Topographical Depot Map. General Map of Asia. St. Petersburg, 1817. Pehrimj iSvi so luinied, in same style of lettering as Okhotsk Sea, &.C. Pacijic Ocean so named. 81. CiiARTK VON Amf.ui'a. Streit. F. Campo, Nurnberg, 1817. lieliiing Sea named ,1/tvr ron Kamtcluilka. liehriiij; Striiit naTHed llfhrinri oiler Cuoks Strasse. Pacific named iJcr SliUc Ocean. 1817. 1817. 82. Map of CorNTitiKs roi'nd tke Xorth Pole. A. Arrowsmilh. London, 1818. I'ehrinj; i>ea named Sea of Kanuseiialka, North Pacijic Ocmn. 83. Map of Xoiitii Polar nEoioss. II. M. I^ake, 1818. iiehrin^ Sea named Sea nf Kamchatka, North Pacijic Ocean. 1818. 1818. 84. Map of Countries roi'xd the Arctic Ocean. J, Wyld. London, 1818. Beliring Sea named Sea oj' Kamschalka. 1818. 8.'). Map of Cocntries roi-nd Arctic Ocean. Behring Sea named Sea of Kamschatka. C. Smith. London, 1818. 1818. 8G. Aria. By Anowsmith. London, 181.''. Bullring Sea not named, though a large part of the western side is included. 1818. 87. Chart of the XnnTii Coast ok Asia, and op the Ska to the north of Bering's Strait. In liumey's "Chroiinlogiea! Ilisloiy of Niirlh-Kastern Voy"c-'-3 of I'ls'iovery." London, 1819. dealer pail of ISi liriiig Sea iiieliided, but without name, though the uortheru part of the Sea of Oehotzk, which i.'-, alone included, is prominently niuucd. 1819. 88. Bradley's Universal Atlas. London, 1819. Map 1. The (llolie. Beliring Sea without name. Pchrini/'s Sir. Pacijic Oceati. 80. Mai> ;i. Asia. Shows the whole of Beliring Sco, but without imtoe, in manifest contrast to Sea of Oclwtsk, &c. Bhenni/s Str. Pacijic Ocean. [li7J 8D 1819. 90. Map 5. North America. Bhcring's Strait. 100 Includes greater part of Behring Sea, but without iiuiiie 1820, 91. Caete de l'Asie. Brud. Taris, 1820. Behring Sea nanieil Afer de Ikhring. Beliriug Strait mimed D^t. de Behring. Pacific named Grand Ocean. 1820. 92. Rossi Ati,as. Milan, 1820. Map 6. World in Heiuisplicres. Beliriug Sea named Bacitw del Sard. I'ehring Strait named Sir. di Bering. North I'acifio named Grandr. Oceano Boreate 9:?. Map 7. The World. Jlercator's Projection. Behriiig Sea appears without name. Behring Strait named Sirello di Bhering. PaciSc named Mare Pacijico. 94. Map 25. Asia. Behring Sea appears without distinctive name, d'Anadir and Bi'i/ii di Bristul oicupyiug most of available area for name. 95. Map o\. t'lrande Oceano. Behring Sea appears without name. Marc d'Oclwtsk, &c., named, and Bain di Bristul in letters of same size and style with these. 90. Map 34. L'America Settentrionale. Slinws tlie whole of Behring Sea, but without name. Behring Strait named Stretto di Bheritu/. North I'aiitic named Oceano Borcule. It i.s notable that on this rather large Maj) Behring Sea has no name, thongli Sea of Ob>ld; though only partially included, is named in prominent characters. This Map bears below border, " Incisero I'anno 1821." 1821. 97. Chart of Beerisos Straits os Merc.^tor's Projection, August 1816. "Voyage ol Discovery into the South Sea," &c. English Translation. Loudon, 1821. This Chart bears on margin date of production, 1821. Lar^o part of Behring Sea shown, but without distinctive name. lu Kotzebue, 1822. 98. Map of America. By A. Arrowsmith, Ilydi-ographer to llis Majesty. liOndon, 1822. Additions to 1823, Greater part of Behring Sea included, but without name. Beering's Strait. North Pacific. 1823. 99. American Atlas. Carey and Son. Philadelphia, 1823. Jlaj) 3. Kastoni part of Beliring Sea shown, but without name. Sir. of Bhering. Pacific Ocean. 1824. 100. America. K. Wilkinson. I-ondon, 1824. Behring Sea named Sea of Kamscluitka. 1825 1825. 101. Weltciiaktk in Mebcator's Projection. Von Christian (Jottluib Keichard. Nuremberg, j. Behring Sea named Mcer von A'amtsclialka. Bckriugs Slrassc. Nordlicher Grosser Ocean. 101 102. Butler's Ati.as. London, 1825 Map 1. The World, in Hemispheres. Rehrinp Sea shown without nnrae, tiiough Sea ofOchotsk, &c., named. Bheriiig's Strait. North Pacific Ocean. lOS. Map IG. Asia. l$ehring Sea named Sea of Kamtschatha. 1825. 104. A New Ge\er\l Atlas. A. Finley. Philadelphia, 1825. Map 1. Western Hemispliere. Behrini; Sea named Sea of Kamtschatka. lihtrimfs Straits. North Pacific Ocean. 1 05. Maj) 3. The World. Mercator'a Projection. Hehring Sea shown without name. Bheriiif/'.^ Straits. North Pacific Ocean. Sea of Ochotsk; Jiafflii's Bay, &c., all named. 106. Map 4. North America. Behring Sea included in part, but without name. 107. Map 51. Asi). Greater part of Behring Sea included, but without name. 1825. 1826. 108. Smith's General Atlas. London, 1826. Map 1. The World, in Ilemisphei-es. Behring Sea named Sea of Kamlschalka. Bheriiufs St. North Pacific Ocean. ] 09. Map 3 1 . Asia The greater part of Behring Sea shown, but without name. Sea of Anadir, in north-west part of Behring Sea, very prominently named. Beriwjs Sir. North Pacific Ocean. The latter name, as in previous edition of this Map, extends over part of Deliring Sea. 110. Map 33. Russian Empire. Behring Sea named Sea of Kamtschatka. 111. Map 47. Behring Sea named Sea of Kamtehatka. 1 1 2. Map 48. North America. AVestern part of Beliring Sea shown, but without name. Blierinfs St. North Pacific Ocean. 113. NoRDAMERiKA UND AVestindien. Veraen. Behring Sea named Mcer run Kamschalka. Behriui' Strait named Cook's Strait. Assigned date in Catalogue, 182T 114. Carte Ckserale he l'Ocean PACiFiyLB. Behring Sea named Mer de Beliring. By Krusenstern. St. Petersburg, 1827. 115. Chart of the World, upon Mercator's Projection. Cury. l.oimoii, 1827 Behring Sea without name, tliough Sea of Okhotslc, &.c., piominenlly named. Behring Strait. North I'acific Ocean. 1827. 1827. IS27. 116. The Eaton Comparative Atlas. By A. Arrowsmith. London, 1828. Map 3. A.siiu Western part of Behring Sea shown, but without names. Bherinrfs Strait, Sea of Ukotsk, &c, named. North Pacific Ocean. 117. Map 27. Western neraisj.! ere. Whole of Behring Sea shown, but without name. Beerinfs Str. named. North Pacific Ocean. 182S. 118. A New General Atlas. Map 1. Western Hemisphere. Behring Sea without name. Bltering Str. North Pacific Ocean. 110. Map 14 Asia. Behring Sea without name. Philadelphia, 1H28. 1828. 102 leiis 120. Genekal Atlas of tub Globe. By M. Malte-Rrun. Philadelphia, 1828. Miip of Silioria ami C'ciilral Asia shows wesU-rn part of liohring Sea only. Pacific Ooiin written frimi Kuiile Islands northwards beyond Aleutians. Seu of Okhilsk and Sctx of Anadiir so named. lil. Map (if tlie World in Hemispheres. The whole of iieliriiig Sea is shown without name, while tSru of OUwtsk is so named. 18:29. IL'2. Asi,v. A. n. Freniin. Paris, 1829. Hehriiig Sea named Hfisxin dii Aonl, ou de Bihrintj. I'aiidu named Grand Un'.an, Mer dc Slid, on Uci'an Pacifique. !S29. 12:1. AsiEV. Schmidt. Deilin, 1829. I'tliiing Sea named KamtichatkUihcs .Veer. liehiiiy Strait named Bdiring SIrasie. Pacific named Bds Grosse IVeltmei r. l^-9' 124. Atlas rxivKRSEL he GicnciiArmE. Ijiiiie. Paris, 1829. No. 111. A Map (if the World dm Mereator's I'lojeetion. Separately dated on engraving, 1832. liclirinr; Sia is marked Mir de lli'rini) in Ictter.s .same size and .style as those employed for Baie de Baffin, and h\r,L'('r tlian tliose used for J/-r d'OI./iold; M. de SiVjlvalicn, &c. The I'aeilic is named Orond Oci'an Kqiiiiiorial, this name running along tlie Equator. 12.'). Xc 17. JIa|i of tlie World in Hemispheres. Separately dated on engraving, 1831. I'lchrinLT Sea namei. as aliove, Imt tlie Xorlh Pacific named Grand Oeian Jion'al. The .sin'Uing of llering on these Map.s, and tlie nami>s u.sed for the Pacific, seem to show that they, or previous editions of the same, were not employed by the negotiators. 1830. 126. As Atlas of JIopekx Geograi'IIY. A. Arrowsmith. Slap 1. Pehring Sea shown without name. Xiirth Pucijic. 127. Map 28. Similar to last. 1830. 1830. 1 28. A roMrAnATnT Atlas. P.y A. Arrowsmith. London, 1830. Map 27. Western Hemisphere, The whole iii I'lliiiiiL' Sea shown, but without name. Jifirinijs ^Strait. Aurt/i Pacifie Oaaii. 129. Map 28. \orlh America. Greater part of liehring Sea shown, but without name. Beeriiifs Sir. Korlli Pacific Ocean. 1830. l.'W. Amekipa. Prof. .T. M. F. Schmidt. Berlin, 1830. Behring Sea named Merr run A'nnilschalka. North Pacitic named JJic Aord ike. 183 I.'^l. Chaut 8H0WIN0 the Track of H. M.S. "Blossom," in " Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Bcerii.,i;\s Strait, lS2."i-28." Limdun, 1831. IVIiring Sea slmwii, but witln'Ut name. Beerimjs SIrait. Surlh Pacific Ocean. 18.33. 132. IlYiinnniiAniK-AL Ciiaist of thf. World. liehring Sea named Scaof Kamtcliatka. Btrinfit airail. A'orlli Pacific Ocean. A. Arrowsmith. London, New edition. 1832. ing, 1832. oycd for Baie sai. low ihat they. B to the Pacific idition. 1832. lOS 133. ARROWSMiril's CllAliT OF THE Tacific Ocean. Sec No. 30. Another edition corrected to 1832, and witli note below title, stating that conections \veri> made iu 1810, 1814, 1817, 1818, 1822, 1826, and 1832. In the 1B32 edition the size and general outlines are as before, and liehring Sea is .still without name. Oilier iuclnscd sens named as before. It may bo suppn-sed tliat the ne},'oliator3 for Treaty of 1S2.") were supplied with corrected copy to 1822, and it is clear that ou this copy the nomenclature must have been the same as on those of earlier and later dates. 1:14. Map of the Pahific Ocean i.v Behrimj Sea, or Sea of KamtscJintka. ' AiiBOWSMiTii's Atlas." London, 1835. 13.5. WELTCnAHTE IN MeRCATOII'.S PROJECTION, liehring Sea named .l/cir von Kumtschnlha. Jbchrihija Strasse. Sordliclier Gru.iner Ocean. Eeichard. Nurnberg. New edition, 1839. 136. Carte DK L'Ocijan P^cifiqi-k. In Atlas accompanying Diiflot do Morfas' work, liehring Sea without name, tbinigli Mer d'Okhutilc, &c., are prominently named. l>it. dr. Uiirinr/. Grand Ocdan Siplcntricnal. Paris, 1844. Tlie particulars above given show in what manner and to what extent the terms Sen of Kamtchntka anil Hiliriiif/ Sin liad been and were used, at about the time of the Ukase of 1821 and the consequent negotiations, in Maps, upon which the I'nited States appears to rely rather than upon distinct l^eogriiphical cldiiiition.s. in 40 of the KSii Maps ulnive (pioted a separate name (usually Sea of Kanitehiitka) is given to the poition of the North Pacific Ocean now known as ISeliring Sea. Ou the lemainiug 87 Maps no general name for the Sea ap|iears, though on 25 the names "Sea of Kanitcliatka," "Sea of Auailyr," " lieaver Sea," &c., are given as referring only to certain juuts of the sea adja( nt to the Asiatic coast. 2. — Ox THE Use of the Names " Nortii-Eastern Ocean," " Eastern Ocean." IN regaril to the term Korth-Kdxtern S<ii or Kaslcrn Qnnn, which it is claimed w.is also used as a distiiK'tivc name for wliat is now generally known as liehring Sea, it i-? to be remarked that neither of these terms is noted as being used upon any of the Maps contained in the selected list brought forward by the I'nited States. 1 . X(irtli-K((.'itirn Sen. — The only instances cited for the use of Knrth- Eni<tcrn Sen, as another name for Pehring Sea, are tlie first and third Charters of the liussiau-American Company. In the lirst — tiie l.'kase of 1700 — the exju'cssion used is North-Eastern Occint — not North-Kastern Srn — which applies to the waters frimi Hehring Strait (bnvn t3 ;iO° north latitude, and therefore includes waters outsiile liehring Sea. The Kuriie Islands are also distinctly nienliuncd as being inclu<led in the waters covered by the expression. In the third Cbiirter — of 1844 — Ndrth-Knatrrn. Sen is used. The wording of the paragraph does not make it (piite .so I'lear, as in tla^ I'kase of 1700, tlnil the Kuriie Islands are included in tlie waters 80 desi'jiiated, tbiHi.yli the presumption is strong that this is so ; but as the suutbern limit is 54° 40' north latitude, the term obviously includes the waters south of liehring Sea. A'urth-Kiixtirit Sm is also used in the I'kase of Nicholas of the 20lh March (10th April), 1829 (conlirming the ( 'Imrler of 1821), and evidently applies to all the waters down to .54° 40' north latitude. This passage is not cited by the I'nited States. The position assumed by the I'nited States makes it necessary for tliem to endeavour to explain the term North- Kiistern Ocean used in these Charters as being a distinctive nan;e for liehring Sea, but no other authority I'lir its use in this limited sense has been adduced, ami the Charters themselves, us shown above, clenrlv tail to supjiort the interpretation claimed by the rnited States, 2. Xnnlcni (km a, — The authorities iiuoteil by the I'nited States for thi' use of this term as applied to Hehring Sea only are two in number: (») A Map which forms the frontispiece of " Coxes liussuin Discoveries;" (b) Olobe, by ]). Adams, London, 1707. This is ijuoted in a foot-note to the list of Ma])S, p. 200, vol. i. It did not ajipcnr in the list appended to Mr. Illaine's note of the 17th December, 1800. 1832, 1835. 1839. 1844. United btiiles' Ciuc, p. !I3. L117] 2 £ 1780. 104 Witli regard to (n), it is to be observed that, although in the Map on the frontispiece of Coxe, edition of 1803, Eiisfcrn Oieon is written on the ocean to the north of (lie Aleutian Islands, no name is actually written across the comparatively small jxirtion of t\u'. ocean to the south of these islands included by the Map; and tliat in a further Map (facing p. 'MH) of Krenit/.in's and Li'vashetl's Voyage to the Fox Islands in 17C8 and ITO'J, KiiKtem Ocean is written so as to include the waters soutli of the Aleutian Islands as well as tlmse to the north. Further, in the first sentence of Chapter I, I'art I (p. 21, cd. 1803), Coxe says : — " The possession of Kamtchatka was soon followed by voyages of diseovery to the Nortk I\tcific Ocean." Tlien follows an account of Peter the Great's plan of a voyage to ascertain the separation, contiguity, or connection of ^Vsia and America, with his instructions to Vitus liccring. At p. 110 of the same edition tlie following pitssage occurs; — "A full and judicious account of all the discoveries hitherto made in the Kaxlern Oirnn may be expected from Mitller. Meanwhile, the following Uiirrative, extracted from original papers, and pro- cured from the best intelligence, may be acceptabh; to ihc^ public," The narrative that follows is one of voyagi's to the Aleutian Islands and Kadyak, and it is mentioned that the exiilorers in some instances first sailed south from Dehring Island auil Kamtchatka in search of land (pp. 142, 150) ; but being disappointed, bore north for the Aleutian lslan<U. It is thus (piite clear that the term Kadirn Omiit.ns here emiiloyed.is not a s|)ecial designation of Behring Sea, but a synonym of Piirijie Omtn, ])recisely analogous to the term Wislnn Orran, which is often employed in Kurope for the Atlantic Ocean. liehring Sra was, in fuel, a part of tiie AVi.i/irn Ocean of Coxe. who thus uses it in the .same sense as that in which North- Ka.s(irii iica or Oc--an was eni]doyed iu the liussian Charters above alluded to. (/).) The Globe by D. Adams, l/mdcin, I7i'", which is the only other authority i|Uiiteil for the limiteil ai)plication of the term /y'((s7cni finni, has not been found, though I wi > ejirlier Globes by the same autlior, dated 1709 [?] and 177- ['], are in the King's Library at the British Museum. These Globes, as is to be expected from their early dates, show a very imperfect kiiuwledge of the regions in (piestion. The names, which are in Ijitin, and the configuration correspond with those in Muller's Map, published in London in 1701, above alluded to at p. 8ti of this Ajipeniiix. liut a.ssumin^ that " Piistern Ucean " is confined to liehring Sea on the Globe of 17'J7. quoted by the I'nited States, this authority cannot be set against that of otht r .Maps, which clearly shuw that the term, which was rarely used, was not confined to the waters north of the Aleutian Islands, and was in most cases a synonym fur the '' racilic Ocean." The following may lie iiuoted : — Saver and I5exxktt's E.vst Ixwa I'ii.ot Ch.irt, No. 23, 1780. AW<™ Ucem extends along the parallel of 18^ north latitude and from 125° east to 150° east longitude, or from near Luzon Island beyond the Ladrone Islands. 1772. Map of Asia, according to Sieur d'Anville, published by It. .Sayer, I.,ondon, 1772. is placed in about the same position as in preceding Map cjuoted. /eastern Ocean Moll's Atlas, Map of the World on Mf.ucatou's rKOJECTiox. The Eastern Ocean or Parts vnkTumm is written oil' the north-east shore of Asia, Asia north of >Iapan. 1800. Map snowixo the Kussian Empire, in " View of the Russian Empire," 3 vols. 8vo. Took, London, 1800. The Xcjrlh Pacific is named as a whole Ka.-<terr Ocean, the first word lying to the north, the second to the south, of the Aleutian Islanils. Eastern Ocean is used in the same general sense in the text. 1805. Charte des NoRnOsTLicnEN TiiEii.s VON SiniKiEX des Eismeers, des Ost-Oceans I'xn deb NoRDWESTLIciiE.v KCsTE VON AMERICA, luitworfeii voii Sariilschew, from Sarychef's account of Billings' VoyageJ3, (ierman tninslation, l.iepzig, 1805. Ost-Ocean oder das Slille Mccr. 1826. Map ON Mercator's projectiox ck a part ok the Eastern Ocean auiacknt to Nortii-Wkst America between the Straits of Fuca and the Gulf of Kenai, edition of 1826. A Kussiau Map, published at St Petorshurgli. The words Part of the Eastern Ocean are written in three horizontal lines off the portion of the coast given. 106 Russian M\P, publishe 1 at St. Petersbur^'h 1S26, with n similar title to tliM nhtvo., Imt -iviii' tli.i coast from the (jiilt of raimiim to tlio Straits of Fuca. Part <>/ the Jia^kni, Oceun is writteu iiriiko maimer in three liorizoatil lines opposite the coast given. 1S:.'G Map of the En'trances to Tonr op New Am-iiANT.Et, Tirnni-iMi tub Sounds of Sitka and KLOKATCHRFF, DRAWN UP FliO.M I)K..SCllIPTIOys OF STfllMAV VASir.KFF I IN 1809 AND VasII.KKF II IN 18SS, AND ENdK.WF.n IN irVDKOCIUPIlIC DePAKT.MKNT OF MlMSTliY OF Makink, 1.S43. A IJussian Map, published nt St Petersburyli. J-Aulcni Ocean i.s written oil' ihi! portion uf the coast given iu tliree horizontal lines. 1H4S Map ON Mekcator's projf.ction of the SomiERN Portion of tmf. Kolosciien.sky Arciiipei.aoo, DRAWN IP FROM VARIOUS JOURNALS AND JIapS, AND KNiiHAVKD IN Till; lIVDIKCillAI'llICAI. DepAUIMENT of THE AIlNlsillY OF Marine, 1803. A Itnssiau Map, publiolieJ at St. Peleraburgh. Ha^lent Ocean is writteu iu a liuu parallel to the coast given. 1853. General Map of Asiatic IIussia or Siberia, and the Uu.ssiax Xoutii-American Posse.ssions. St. Peteusduhuh, 1859. A l{u.ssian Map, published at St. Pet^rsburgU in 18u'J. The ocean south of the Aleutian Islands is marked i'astern, Oreal, or Pacific Ocean. 1859. 3. — On the Mbanin'g of the Term " NouTn-WEsr Coast op Amertca," or "IN'ottTU-WEST Coast." Mr. ninine to Sir J Paanccfute. DMemlxr 17. 1892. Unilrl suui Ni,. : 19, p. 37 MR BLAINE, in his despatch of the 17th December, 1892, discusses the question of tlie meaning of the term Norlh-uvjit Coant or North-ivesl Coast of America at greater length, iind iiinre fully explains tiio contention with reference to it, than is done in tlie Case of the United St.ues. He writes as follows : — " The di.spute prominently involves the meaning of the phrase ' north-west coast,' or ' north-west coast of America.' • ••••• "The contention of this Government is that by long prescription the ' north-west coast' means 'i^^^^gT"s^ the coa.st of the Pacific Ocean, south of the Alaskan Peninsula, or south of tlio (JOth parallel of nortli Hriti«h r»M, latitude; or, to iletine it still more accurately, the coast, fioiu tlie iiorliiern border of the Spanisli Appeniiii. lol possessions, ceded to the ''nit<Ml States in 1819, to tlie point where the Spanish claims met the claims of llussia, viz., from 42° to GO" north latitude. The I'ussian authorities lor a Imig tiiiii; assumed that 59° 30' was the exact |ioiiit of latitude, but subseipient adjustiiieiits lixcd it at 60". The plira.se 'north-west coast,' or ' north-west coast of America' has been well known and widely recognized in popular iLsage in Knglnnd and America from iho date of the first Hading to that coast, about 1784. So absolute has been this jirescription that the di.stinguislied historian, Hubert Howe lianciolt, hiis written an accurate history of the north-west coast, which at ditfereiit times, during a jieriod of seventy-five years, was the seene of important contests between at least four (Ireat I'owers. To render the understanding explicit, Mr. IJancroft has illustrated the north-west coast by a carel'ully prepared Map. The Map will be found to include precisely the area which has been steadily maintained by this Government in the pending discussion. " The phrase ' north-west coast of America ' has not infrequently been useil siiiifily as the synonym of the ' north-west coast,' but it has also Ix^en used in another sense as including the American coast of the Kussian possessions as far northward as the Straits of lii'liring. Conliision has sometimes arisen in the use of the phrase ' north-west coast of America,' but the true meaning can always be determineil by reference to the eimtcxt." It can, however, be shown by actual reference to published maps and doc'unient,s (apart from the negotiations leading up to the conclusion of the Conventions of 1824 and 1825 liu^d in the Ibitish ( 'asc>. Chapter 111) : (1) That Xorth-urst Voa^ of America and liorth-west Coaul are practically identical expressions, " America " being in the latter case understood, and the alibreviati'd form being merely rrived at by the elision of that word. (2) That the full meaning of the term, in either form, included the western coast of North America, .starting from an indefinite point to the southward, and extending up to Behring Strait, wliich is defined as the northern limit. (3) That in one or other form ii hai nevertheless been loosely employc'd in an indefinite way as a. general name for various different pari,s of the west coast of Noill. America. The term North-west Coast, or, more fully, Ncrrtk-uxst Coast of North America, is iu fact a descriptive one of a somewhat peculiar character. Looking at the map, it will be seen that the coast which has not infrequently been so named Is in reality the coast of North America which faces west or south-west, aud forms the eistern and noitli- easteru coast-line of the North Pacific. Koitb-wcit (out. 106 llriiish <'«(!, A|i| fiiilix, Tol. Tilis term, however, appears in the title of some very p;\rly Mnpii, such ns that by MUller, dutcd 1"<'il, whii'ii is cntitleil, " A Sliip of the Itiscoverius made liy tiie UiissiaiH on the North-west Coast of Aiiii'rica ; " that aceoiiipanyiii^' the original edition of Cook's third voya^te, chited 17S4, and entitled, "(Jliart (if tlie North- west Coast of America and the North-east Coast of Asia;" and that in Vuneouver's vnya;;e (17'.<H), named " A Chart showing part of the Coast of North-west Ameriea." The last-named ma]), however, allonls a oliie to tlie ori;;inal mcanin}^ of the term, and shows that, in these instances, we should read in full "Coast of the Nortli-western part of tlie North American continent," and, conversely, " ( 'oast of the north-eastern part of the continent of Asia." It is very i)r(ilial)le that the meaning of the term Anrlli-ircst Coasl of Amcrira began to \>e diiferently understooil at a later date, wiien it came into common nse in the United States, for the coast in ipiestion wius actually situated to tlie north-west nf all the inhabited centres of that country. Thus it hecanie ]i(issilile and uppropiiate to drop the words "of America." lint, in ndmi'tiiiK this, it is also evident that the A'ortli-iirst Crnist, as thus secondarily applied must have included the whole coast lyinj; north-westerly from the |ioint of observation, or trending from any <;iven point of departure on the west coast of the continent in a general north-westerly direction. It appears, howc-ver, to be maintained on the jiart of tlu* United States that, at some still later dii^e, the eriii iturth-irmt cuasl came to bear a (piile definite signilicatiou, as referring to a certain liarticnlur part of the western coast of North America. Ill t' is ease such ubape may be exfM-cted to be found recorded in writings or on maps at some particnhir (']HJch, and tlieieafter to have been cimtiiiiied with jirecision. The tenii is seldom fmind as a gcogra|ihical one defined verbally. In fact, the only such attempt at precise delinilion so far met with is that of (iieenhow (in 1S40), already (piotcd in the British Case (pp. (J(i-G7), from which it appears that he understood the north-west coast to extend from the 40th jianllel to Hehriiig Strait. In liuiney's " (,'lironolo<;iciil History of North-eastern Voyages of Discovery," London, 1819, chapter 1 '.' is eiilillcil " ( 'a|itiiiii (,'ook on the North-we.st Coast of America." Thi.s title is continued as a siilonote to the pai^es roilipwiiii,' as far m to ]>. -2'.\ or from the Jioint at which Cook first sighted the land in latitude 44^ to Uiiula^ka. Alter this jjoiiit " west coast " is substituted for " north-west const," thus showing where the author, who was a member of Cook's expedition, supposed the north-west coa.st to end. As the result of the examination of a large series of maps, relating particularly to the ilates near to tlint of the Ukase of lH:il and the Conventions of 181.'4 and IHl!.'), it is found that this term is scldciiii employed, anil then only with a very lax and general meaning. On Mnlier's Map of 17(11, republished liy .Jefl'ieys in London, the description "North-west Coast • if Ameriia " occurs in the title only, while the coast delineateil extends to what is now known as lieliring Strait. A ma]) ]iublished in the " London Magazine " in 1704, also refers to " North-west I 'oast of America " in its title, but as it is merely a reduced copy of AlUller's map, does not throw any further light oil the subject. Coining down to the date of Cook's third voyage in 17H4, we again find a corresponding title, viz., " Chart <;!' the North-west Coast of America and North-east Coast of Asia." This chart is drawn so as to iuclud(! the coast from the vicinity of the ]ioiul when; it was lir.st reached by Cook (about latitude 44°) to by Ci|ie, situated north of Itehiing .Strait and in the Arctic Ccean. The same remarks apply to the cones])oniling ma]) in the Kreiich eilition of Coolt's Voyage, dated 1785. Ill 171IH, Vancouver's Voyage contains "A Chart showing jiurt of the coast of North-west America." and this includes the coast-line continuously from latitude 30" to a point a little west of Kadlak Island. A few years later, in 1.S02. we find Charts I to 3 published in connection with the voyage of the " Siitil " and " Mexicana," in Miidiid, entitled " La Coda Nunt-otied di- Amcrim." These continuously include from aluait latitude 17° northward and westward to Unalaska Island in the Aleutian chain. Another chart, also j)nblished in 1802, by the Quartormaster-Generars Department, Kussia, shows (in I'ussian characters) the legend " Part of the noitli-west const of .America " running on the conti- nental land from a ]ioint near the coast and to the north of liehnng Sti-ait, continuously to u jioint between the .'^^ird and ■')4ih ilegrees of latitude. li; l!nssi's Atlas, laiblishwl in Milan in 1H20, on Map 6, the name Custa nord-oucst actually apjienis engraveil on the face of the nia]i, and runs lioni a jioint a little to the west of the head of < 'ook's Inlet on ilie contiiiental land .soutliwiird to aboot the Ml\\ ]iarallel, while on another map in the same atlas (No. I!'.!) the words I'nrlr drllii Ci'nla Kord-oiic-t dill' America are shown extending along the laud from tin! longitude of Kadlak southward to latitude 3'(*,or much further than in the first instance notwithstanding the restriction of the title. In " lioiiuelcuirH Voyages," ]>ublislied in rari.=-. in 18-3, a map occurs, entitled " Carte de la Cite Nord-mirst irAtiu'riijiir," anil this includes an extent of coast from latitude 34° 30' northward and wcsl- ward to the niaiiilaiiil coast west of Kadiak Island. Some yeais later, in 1H44, on the elaborate map accomp.inying M. Didlot dc Morfiis' work, j)iililishcd in I'aris in 1S44, " Cote Nurd-oiiest de I'AiiK'riqve!' is engraved running to seaward of that part of the coast which exlttiuis from latitude lid'' to the entrance of the Strait of Fnca. The above are all of the niii] s included in the list elsewhere given, u]ion or in connection with which the tcini Hiirth-mft C(,ai,t itr Aolli-vrnt Ciaft of Anierun.ai its c(]uivalcnts, has been found. None of the naps inblithid in the I iiiiid States at oLout the dates specially referred to have been louiid to include it. Jlr. lUiiinc, in his deppatch ol the 17th Dccimber, 181'0, speciolly refers to a map " jniblished by the Oeogmphical Institute at Weimar" in 1803, as showing the It'urd West A'us^c, which is said to include " tiie coast from the Colrmbia Ilivcr (49°) to Capo Elizabeth (60°)." It has so far been impos- 107 siblo to consult this map, Imt the description given of it tnny doubtless be assamed as correct. It will 1)0 noted that the iisnge hero found dn(!H not ])recisoly nyree witJi that on any of the above-cited maps, though most nenrly to that of Duflnt do Morfns. Coming down, liowever, to mucli inter tiini's, numerous instiinccs might he cpKitcd showing that tlic term wiis not restricted to the limits contended lor liy Sir. lihiine, niid that il lias generally been used witli tho utmost laxity, even by those likely to be best informed on the subject. Witness the foHowing : — " North-west Coast of Ameriea, United Slates' Coast Survey, Ik^njamin I'eirce, Sui)erintendent, ' 1868," slieets 1 to H. These include tlu! coast continuously from the vicinity of tlio Strait of Fuca (sheet 1) to some di.stance west of Kadialv and Seven Islands (sheet '.i), ending to the westward between tho 157th and 1 'iMth meridians, and .showing the eastern part of Uristol liay. Again, in the United States' " Alaska. I'lu'itic (,'oast IMlot," I'art I, 188.'!, whicli was edited by Mr. W. II. Dall (a gentlernin whose familiarity with all historical ami geographical points connected with the west coast is well known), on p. liJi", under "List of (Charts i.ssued by the United States' Coast and (leodetic Survey — Sailing Charts — Xvrth-vcul Coast of Ameriai," is found catalogued "No. 4, ('hirikoff I.sland to Nunivak." This particular chart is entered as "in ])re|iaration," but its title carries the term " north-west coast" up to or Ih'VoikI latitude (iO' villi in Ileliiing Sea. In Sir. lUaine's despatcli (jf tlie 17th Decemlier, 18!)(), particular importance is, however, attached to a small and rather poorly engraved map wliich ajijjcars in Mr. H. 11. Huncrofl's works, vol. ^x\n (1884), which is the liist of two volumes luimed " History of tlie North-west Coast." This map is entitled " AIa)i of tlie North-vvcit Const," and is actually reproduced in fac-simile in the dcspntcli. This map appears to be regarded as an argument conclusi\e in itself, and it is said of it, " The map will b<! found to include precisely the area which has been steadily maintained by this Government in tho jjcnding di.sci'.ssion."* If Mr. lilaine had written " juccisely that part of the west coast of America, ' he would have been more accurate, for of this coast tlie map in rpiestion actually includes from about latitude 40°, in the vicinity of Cape Mendocino, ti, the vicinity of that part of tlie coast where latitude 60° reaches the Pacific. Tho area of the map ia, however, a very different matter, as it stretches eastward so as to include Hudson Hay and Strait, Davis Strait, and llie St. Lawrence liiver nearly to its mouth : in fact, almost the entire nortlicrn width of the North Ameriiaii {.'onlinent. We are fortunately, however, not obliged to criticize this point alono by the exigencies whicli determined tlie lines upon which this particular map was cut oil' by the draftsman — for it is evidently by its construction a reproduction of some part of a more inclusive map of the continent. The text of the work to which it is an appendage explains the limits which tlie historian had placed himself under, and, at the same time, very dearly shows that he did not suppose the title of his work alone would render its scope clear to his readers. On the 8ec(.nd page of the first volume, and in explaining the scope of his work, Mr. liancroft writes : " Tlie term north-west coast, as defined for the purposes of litis history, includes tliu territory known in later times as Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia;" thus rendering it obvious that for convenience he embraced under that term certain parts of the west coast which subse(iuentlv shaped tliemscives into tliree distinct territorial divisions. As he had already treated of ,'lie history of California (vcls. .xviii and xix), this was excluded, and as he proposed to treat separately of Alaska (vol. xxriii), this, also, was eliminated. As a matter of filct, however, he found it convenient to include in his map a greater extent of the coast than that above defined to the north and south, as we have already seen he did not scruple to do to the east. His map actually includes a considerable part both of the coast and tho interior of Alaska in one direction, and of what is now the State of Califoinia in the otlier. The difficulty incident to the attempt made on the j)art of the United States to attach a perfectly definite meaning to the term Nurth-icejst Const is fun her illustrated by the varying definitions given in the Case of tho Uniteil States itself, and in Mr. Hlaine's despatch already cited. Thus it will be noticed, for instance, that Mr. Blaine, in liis despatch of the 17tli Dccetnlxjr, 1890, defines the north-west coast as extending from 42° to C0° north latitude, and marks it as terminating to the north at tlie 14l8t meridian. But it is defined on p. 20 of the United States' Case ns extending H K , Ex. Dou. from Prince William Sound to the mouth of the Columbia Kiver, thus stretching beyond Mr. Blaine's ^»- '**■ 4i«i Cong., northern teniiinal point by at least 150 miles, and falling short of his southern [loint by about ''° *'"• 280 miles. Again, on p. 58 of the L^nited States' Case, as already quoted, the nortli-west coast is said to be limited to the west (at its northern end) by Yakutat Bay and Mount St. Elias, which, though indefinite to the amount of 5C miles or so, agrees more nearly with Jlr. Blaine's first-quoted definition. The extension of the north-west coast to Prince William Sound does not, however, agree with the con- tention in regard to it held on p. 58. • Mr. Blaine doft not appear to fcavo noticed one cnriona cireunilancc connected with lliia "csrefally prepared map." Id the norlhcrn part of tlio map, ecch Uintli Hcirrea of latitude ia indicattil, incluiling 70°, 6«°, and 50*. and, on tho west ccaat the 40ih panillel ii alio aliown by a line correcaljr placed, to Ibo south ol (ape Mcnilocino. It is, howerer, indicaied in the margin as latitude " 4S." On the opposite or eaEtcrn side of the map Uie line ol latitude acloally ahovn ia latitude 42; and it is curraetly so namrd, Tlila peculiar miitake occute both on the origiual and on the reproduction. [117] 2 F 108 iVo<« on Mapi examined, on which t/ie term " iVorlh-wat Coatt oj Ameriea" or Hi equivalent exprestioni arc met with. longit K.B. — Theao notes include all tiio nia]it) npnn wliich the term has been fuuml among lliose rontuincd in tlio gonerul uoto on maps clHcwhuru given. 1761. 1. "Voyages from Asia to America, for comiileliiig the Discoveries of tho Nortli.West Const of Amorii'ji." S. Muller. Kngiisli iMlitioii. IjuhIoii, ITtil. Tills contains A Mai- ok thk l)iscovi;iiiKfi madk iiy tmk Kusria.nh on tub N0KTII-WK.ST (!oA«r ok .Vmehica. I'liblisheil liy tho Itoyal Aciulomjr of Sciences at St. retersl)nrgh, and republished in London l>y Thoa. ■lellcry.f. Tliis very eiirly iiiiip (thoii';!! gtjogriiphically very imperfect) and the title of the work in which it is contiiined. .show iIk; .sciho of prolmbly the origiu.il ii.se of tlio term north-ioest eornil wliieh there uxleiids iiorlliward to llehriiij Straits. 1764. 2. A NKW Mai- OK thk Noiith-kast Cdv^t ok .\si\ and N'oitrii-\vii.sT Coast ok Amkuica. with THK l.Ai'K Ui'ssivN Di.soovKiilK.s. In the "London NLigiiziiic," 1701. This is piai'licully a rediictiuii of the liut, and 1ms a similar bearing on the question of tlie north- west coast. 1784. 3. " Cook's Third Voyage." Origiiml 4lo, edition. London, 17H4. This contains a Chart entitled, ('ii.viir oK THE N.-W. Coast ok Ameui-^a and tub N.-K. (^OAST OK A.'^IA, Ac, whicli includes the American eoa.st from the point near which Cook Hrst reached it, about 44" latitiuh^ eontinuiiig to the termination of liis explorations at ley Cajie, on the Arctic Ucean, to the north of lieliring Strait. 1785. 4. " Tiois'eme Voyage cle Cook." Paris, I78."i, Contains Cautk i>e i.a (.Vite N.-O. ue i.'AMKUiguE Kr de i.a COte N.-K. de l'Asik. The name nnrth-md cna.it is not eiigrav( d on the land of the ma)), but the map extends for the whole length of (,'ook's exploration, or to ley Cape, in the Arctic Ocean. 1790. 5. A Chakt ok thk Noiitheiin IUcikio Ocea.v, containing the K. K. Coast of Asia ANir N. W. Coast ok Amkisk^a, kxi'I-ohed in 177S and 177'.> iiv (/'aptain Cook, and kuutheii exi'Lohed IN 17SH AND 178'J BY John Meaues. In " Mejires' Voyage." 4to. edition. London, 170(1. (Includes coast from latitude 70° north of Behring Straits Uj south end of Peninsula of Californiii j 1790. 1798. 1802. Hritifh Casc, Apf-endix. vol iv 18U2. I"). Chart of the N. W. Coast America and N. K. Coast ok Asia, expi.oued in the vkahs 177^' AND 177!) BY Captain Cook, and Ki'iniiEit explohed in the yeaus 1788 and 178',i. In " Meares' Voyage." 4t<j. edition. London, 1700. (Includes coast from Cape Lisburn, N. of Behring Strait, to about mouth of Columbia Kiver.> 7. " A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean," &i'. Vancouver. lA)nilon, 1798. (Contains A (.'haut siiowiNii part ok the Coast ok Noktii-west A.meuica. This Chart includes the coast continuously from latitude .^0° to beyond Kadiak Isliuid. According to the title this does not incliule the whole north-west coast. 8. Map published nV the QUAIlTEIlMASTEKtJENEUAI.'s Depaktment. Russia, 1802. This shows, in Uu°3ian characters running on the mainland, I'arl of llie North-infM CtxiM uj America, extending from a point near the coast, and to the north of Behring Strait, continuously to a jpoint between the dSrd and ."i4tli acgrces of latitude. 9. Atlas para el Viaob de i.as Goletas " Sutil" y " Mexicana." Madrid, 1802. tJharts 1 to 'A, contained in tliis work, entitled La Cjsta N.O. de America, include continuously from latitude 17° northward, and westward to Unalaska. 1819. 1820. 10. Burney. "A Chronological History of North-eastern Voyages of Discovery" l/iiidon, 1810. (..'liapter 10 is entitled "Captain Cook on the North-west ( 'oa.st of America." This title is con- tinued as a side-note to the pages throughoiit the chapter as far as p. 220, or from the point at whiirh Cook first sighted the American coast, in latitude 44J°, to I'nalaska, alter which wait coast is substituted for north-west coast. Burney was himself a member of Cook's expedition, and the use here made of the term shows clearly how he understood It to apply. 11. Rossi's Ati.a.'s. Milan, 1820. Map (i. The World, in Hk.mispiiehe.s. On this Mnp (7osta Nord-mieJit appears, the letters of this title extending from a little west to the head of Cook's Inlet along the land southward to the 50tli parallel. 12. Map 39. CAHTBnELLAPAKTBDELLACo8TAN0HD-0l'l!8TUKLL'AMEmi.'A. was chiefly to show Vancouver's recent surveys. The pbject of thi» map 109 Upon it th'j wiml Parle ddU Conta Nord-oiteat delVAmeriea extonja along tlio laml from thu longitude of K idiiik aoiilhwiinl to latitude Wi". Tliu part of tint vakmA iictuiilly inuludud iti the Map extends from lutitudv 30" nurthward and wealward ccnlinuuusly to a point ixtyund Kadiak Island. 13. "Journal d'un VoyoKe autour dii Mnndn, 181C-I!)." Roquofuuil. Paris, 1H23. Contains Uaktk i>k i.a (^itk Nihiiwji'est D'A.MiiitHiUt:. This Map, rchiting Hjieniiilly Ui tho north-wo.st coiust, includes the coast continuously from lutitiidu 34° 30' to Kadiak Island and the adjacent mainland coast to the west of that island. 14. Caiitk liK I.A (ViTK PE I-'Amkhiquk, par M. Dullot cle Morfas. 1844. On this Map OVc Nurdiment lic VAmirique is engraved, running to seaward of that part of the coast from al)oul 60° to the Strait of Fuca. 1823. 1844. 15. NoiiTii-WF.sT Coast ok Ambkica. Unitkd Status' Co.vst Subvkv. Itunjamin I'eirco, Superintendent. IHdH. Sheets 1 to .'t. Tlitw! include the coast rontiniiou.sly from the vii^inity of the Stniit of Fuca (sheet 1) to some distance wiist of Kailiak and Seven l.tlaiids (sIkjcI 3), ending to the westward between the IfiTth and 158tli meridians, and showing the eastern part of Hristol Hay. 16. In tho " United Slates' Pacific ("oast Pilot." Alaska, P.irt I, 188:!, p. 237. " List of Charts issued hy the United State.s' Coii.st and (!ei)di'lic Survey," &c. Under the title of Saii.in(I (,'iiakt.s, Ndiitii-wkst (.'oast ok AMEttiCA, is found. No. 4. (JitlKlKorr Island to Niinivak. This particular (.'hart is entered as " in preparation," but its title carries the term " north-west coast " up to or beyond latitude 00°, iinthin Behring Sea. 1881! -On the Dkpth op BEniiiNO Sea, and its Connection wrru tee Basin op TUE Pacific. 1/indon, IT woidd appear that, in the geographical skcitch contained in the United States' Case, it is endeavoured to convey the idea that Piehring Sea is marked oil' from other parts of tlii! Pociiic Ocean in being distinctively a shallow l)ody of water. Thus we read : — " A js'culiar feature of Bering Sea is the extensive hank of soundings which stretches off for 250 or more miles from the American coast, rendering the easterly portion of the sea very shallow." And further ; — " The Charts show that throughout one-third of the sea the depth of the water does not generally exceed 50 fathoms, and they also show that the average depth of the whole seji is very considercbly less than that of the adjoining .sea." Here, again, the statement its made must be reganled as essentially misleading, for while the north-ea.stern jiart of the sea is characterizeil hy depths less than 100 falh'ims, the western and south- western part is very deeji. That part of the Pacilic ()( can parallel and iidjacenl to the Kurile Islands is, in fact, one of the deejwst oceani<' valleys known, and Inus been naimd the "Tuscarora Deep," from soundings obtained by the United States' vessel "Tuscaiora" at a depth of over 4,600 falhoin.s, or about 5J mile.s. It appears from the contignration of the ocean boUdni and the trend of the coast that thus great depwi.ssion actually extends into the western part of lleliring Sea, which, as very few soundings have as yet been made in it, may considerably exceed the mean depth of the Pacitic Ocean as a whole, staled generally as averaging abcmt '>,!>tW fathoms. The (jeneral Chart of Alaska published by the United States' Coast Survey gives only a few soundings in tho extreme easterly corner of the deep jioition of Behring Sea, the greatest lieing 2,147 fathoms ; the remaining deep portion is a blank on tlie Map. Vivien de St. Martin, on p. 498 <if vol. iv of his " Dictionary," states that a .sounding of 4,940 metres (2.700 falhoins) was obtained north of the Commander Islands; it is not .shown on the Coast Survey Map. Willi llie above fails in view, the actual average depth of Behring Sea must lie considered to be us yd a mailer of eonjecture only. All that can be said at present, witli the few soundings obtained, is that a considerable portion of Behring Sea, nearly taie-half, is not inferior in depth to the main body of the ocean. In resiiect to the great de|)th of a large part of its area, and llie coalcsc • ■ .if this di'prcssion with the l)est-marked oceanic trough of the North Pacitic, Behring Sea, in fact, ,i.ida in marked conlraal with other seas subsidiary to and recognized lus forming portions of the Pacific, such as Okhotsk Sea. Haii of Japan, Yellow Sea, and Ciii'm Siia. It is wholly dOTei'ent from such a uniformly shallow sea as the North Sea or German Ocean, wliicii, in so far as this single fact goes, might with greater rea.s(in lie stated to Iw distinct from the Alliintic Ocean The shallow charncler of the eastern portion of Behring Sea is, however, returned to on a later page of the Ca.se of the United States, where it is stiited that this — " prevents any icebergs from reaching the Pribylolf Islands." Keferring to the Charts, it is found that the greatest depth of Behring Strait is about 30 fathoms, and that in consequence no icebergs, properly so called, can enter Behring Sea, while any masses of ice which could pass the Straits would, according to the Charts, have ample depth of water to tloat all round the Pribyloff Islands. *■ Knclvro|m'(lia liritanuica." vu!. iviii. p. 121 . Ibid., I'Uie III. Ibiii.. p. 120. Ibid., IMitc III. fnilfcl s,iiie»' Line 1-. lU. Kitricl from " Report of lo« iikI Ii'e MoTcmKnli In Daring Sm >Dd tho Arctic lUaiii," by Eniiiin Kilwiiril Mimpiuui U S.N., !(.»«, lip. 7,9 110 Th. «ct.>«l character t,f the ioe fo.m.l in BchrinR »..» appcara from tho '' j'"j'"8 ^"';^;'^ •" j^^^ „„.■ tw, ki Ik vi/ thai «h.ch lornm u. the l«l.- full un.l early winfr, atul m telencup... .nxl p.Ud mU, ; ^:in^::h;;S'::.;iitin« ..u..; a„d,Hec..uiiy.t..atwhich f'-r ''U';:. tt^idt z::[' -„...,„ IK III.' Hi.iii'..H h'ft hv th.' olil iccj iiiov iiL'. This B'lliil m: prohttbly <!(«» lot fxlena to llie nouiii J:;;;;':,I sl Ml'uhlw lHlu,?:i, whih. ,1,.. ... U. a^t^^ the youthen. Umit « „„ule up of the uewer ii'e ami Uetuchi'd Hoes of Wfll-brokuu ic«.' ( 111 ) French I'isltcry Decree ami La-^i.' oj May lo, 1862, aiu^ Man It 1 , iSSS. Uki-hek of May 10, xmi. No. Ui:;l I— /Vo-iV Iniixfri.il siir In I'rilii CUiirr, ,//' 10 Mni. 18(>2. 1,'rai c ilr Iticii il hk vuldiiii- imtiuuiilr, Kiiiiunnir lics I'miUjai.s, a lou.i pruseuU ot k vciiir, .-iiliit. V\i 111 I.oi clii It .laiiviiT, IS'i^,* xiir la [xVhe cotii're ; Vu Ics Di'cnis (Irs 4 .liiillct. 1H.-,::,t .■! 1!» Xi.v.Tiiliir, IS.'.iJ ;* Vii I'avis (Ic lu (oiiimissiiiii I'cnrmiiriilc dcs IVcluw cidc la l)<iiimnlnlit(^ Maritimes ; Siir 11' rajiport dc nniic Miiiistrc Sccn'taiH' il'Klit nil Ili'jiartt'iiiciit ilt' la Marilii' et iU'm f'i)!iiiues ; Lu ('oiiH(;il (rAiiiiraiiti' iiilcinlii. Avons iluureUJ et ilucri'toiis n- qui suit : — Article I". La ju'clii' dc tous |M>issfiiis. cTiistnci's, ct cc)(|uilIai;eH, niitrps iiiic les huttren, est libre |H'iidant tdUtv raniiii' a uiic ilislaiKc dc '.) iidllcs iiii large dc In lais.M' dr liaxsc tiicr. La ]it"'(lif des liuitius est lihrc du 1" Si']itt'inlirL' an 30 Avril, siir Ics liaiiis liors Imies en .situes (l '■i niillcs dcs (('iti's, avcc tons jpatcanx ]poiilt's (ju mm iicnili's, sans lunna^'i' di'tcniiinc'. U'.s jirclii'urs sunt trnus d'nlisciver, dans Ics nicrs sitnccs cntic ks ci'iti's dc Kranoc cl cullcs du Royaiinic-liii dc la (liandc-|!ictaj,'iic ct d'Irlanilc, Ifs incscriiitidns de 1ft Cimventioii du 2 Aoflt. 1839,5) ct du ltc;;lcint'nt Intciiiational dn L':! duin, IH4.'i. Art. 2. Sur !« dcniamlc dcs prud'huniincs dcs iicclicur:', dc Icurs di'lcj;u(!'s el, a dcfant, <lcs wyndiL;* dcs ^'cns dc incr, ccrtaincs ]ici lies jjcuveiit ttrc temiKirnircunnl intcrditcs sur \inc ctuuduc dc iner au dt'li ill! 3 niillcs du litlural, si ccttc nicsure Mt coinniandce par I'intcrct de la conservation des fonds on de la jxVlic dc jKii.ssoiis dc passajjc. 1,'Arriiti; d'iutcrdiction est pris par Ic i'n'fct Maritime. Art. 3. En dedans de 3 niillcs iles cotes, la |H"clie dcs pnissons/crnstaees, et coquilla^'es, auties ijue les huitres, est )iernii.sc tmilc rannt'c, dc jour ct dc null, sous les conditions i.i-aiiris : — (1.) Les liiets tixes a simple, double on triple nap|)e,|| et les filet.s it poelie aurunt de» mailles d'au nioins 2:" niilliiii. in i anv. Le.s inarins pcnvcnt en I'aire usage en Imtcau ou iiiitniiicnt. (2.) Les filets tluttants^ nc sont assnjcttis a aiicunc ilinicnsion dc lyaillc. Sont assiniilcs aii.\ llUts tlutiant', Ics lilcts ti.\cs dont la lulinnuc intcricure est eleviJe de maniere a Iflisser tonjouis nn intervallc dc 20 cciitiiii. au nioins ciiticicnicnt liluc iiu-dessou.s dc la dite ralin);uc. (3.) La jjrande seine a jet aura dcs mailles dc 2."> niillini. en earn'-. Les diiiien.sions dcs mailles dcs tilets eni]doycs dans la Mcditcrrance rcstent fixdes telles qu'elles I'ont etc par Ic Dccrct dn 111 Xovenilire, IH."'.', Im-.sijue ccs dimensions sont int'erieures a eellus picscrites par Ic jir^seul Dceiet. Art. 4. Tous Ics filets, enfjiiis ct instninicnts destines a dcs pcclics spccialcs, tcllcs i[ue ccllcs des nn<;uilleR, dn iionat, dcs soeli'ts, cli vicltcs. laiu'oiis ct pois.sons dc )iclites cspcces, ne sont assnjcttis a aucunc condition de tonne, de dim iisioii, de poids, dc distance on dVpoiiuc L'emidoi CM est dcilaii' anx a^.'iits inariliiiies. lis nc ]ieuvent servir iiu'aux j;enics dc jictlies auxipiels ils sont desliiu',- el pour lesnuels ils out ell' dt'clarcs. S'ils sont employes nutixMiicnt, ils seront coiisidcre.s coninie proliilies. L'usage dea foeiies, liaiiieeons, ct iliaj.'ucs a eoiiuilla^cs n'est as.sujctli 'Hiaux iiicsnres d'ordre et de police. Les seines et filets destines a la lieelie dcs e|ieilanils ct des mulcts soul, s'il y a lieu, ri'elciiieiites ]iar les I'l-el'cts Marilimes. Art. ."i. ( 'ontinueiit a etic ]aoliilie.? les j;nideaux, .Ljoids, el autio lilcts a poclu'. dans les llcuves, rivieres, it eaiiaux ct ii Iciirs cinlioMilinres. Art. ti. L'usii^'c lies lilels liainanl.-** pom- la peclie dc toutcs es]H''e(.s dc )hiJs^,iiis pent etic. sur la • lO'Biric liull. na. No. .1561. + 11' «6ric, (urtie siipiili'mciitairo, riiil. n:.. N'.i. 62,'i. I U*" ti€rio, )iartic Kiipplt'niciituiri'. Hull. 617, No. !>-2'-*. § 9' rCtIc, Hull. (178, No. SIflS. , I.cs filcta tixe« i*oiu ccux iini, tcnii.^ au fuliil, nu ni«\ven (!e |ii,jiiclri on dp fioidd, uc cliacpciil paH dc position iino fois calc.-i. \ 1.CH HIctR llotlanU sont cluy ifui vuut au ^r6 du icut. ilu i-ouiatit. dc la laUK' ou il la icnioniiiu d'un l>atcau sans jftniai.,< e'airAtcr au fond. ** 1.CH tilt-'t8 (raluants iiont ccux qui. couK's au iuiid, au iiii'.*cu dc poids ]>lact'h il Iv partic inf. ricun', y sont. promcnua sous I'actiou d'uu'' forcr; (pielconiiue. 1117] 2 G US pToposition des Pn'fets Maritiinea, autoria^ par des ArrStds de notro Miiiistre de la Marino ut des Colonifj:, a lunins do 3 iiiilles <U! la cntc, (?aiis Ics localitu.s ou, suit 4 raisoii du la profonduur dus eaux, soil pi>ur tonto autre cause, il iie proseute auouu iiiconvi'uieiit Cos filots doiveut avoir dos mailles d'liu inoins '_'5 inilliiu. en canv. Dans auouu c;ts, il n'ont fait usage de filets traiiiants a muiiis de 500 metres des Imitriirea. Art 7. Tnule espt'ce do prche, par 'luehiiio procudi' que ee soil, a moins de S niilles ile la cote pent, sur une eteudue deteruiiiiee du lilti>ral, I'tre tcmporairenieut inteniite lorscpie I'interdiction vat reconuue ncwssiiire pour sauvegarder, soit la repix)ducti()U dea esix'-cos, soil la conservation du fnii e.t dn fretin. L'inlerdipfioii est prouonct'e par un Decret Imptjrial, renilu sur la projxisitiou de notre Ministre do la Marine et des t'lilonies. Art. S. Les I'rcfef s Maritinies fixent par des Avret(?s les I'poques d'nuverture et de cloture de la pecho ■les huitn-s sur Ic^s bancs dans I'iutiriour des l)aies et sur ceux situi's ;i moins ile 3 niilles de la cote. ris detemiinent les liuitrii'Tes qui stiont niiscs en exploitation. (."etle peolie est iuterdite avant le lever et apri's le couciier du soleil. A nioiiir^ d'txception ordouuee par le Tri'lel Maritime, dans riuttn'-t du uettoyage des banes dliuitres, les ]K'cheurs doiveut imnieillali'mi'ut rejeter a la mer Ics imussiers. sables, graviers, et fragments d'ec.iilles, ainsi (pie les petites builres au-dessous des dimension.s regiementaires. Toutefois, dans les looalites oil il existe ti'S etulages ou autres etablissements j)ropre3 a reoevoir les petites huitres, ees dernieres ju'uvent y rtre di'posees au lieu clV-tre rejetees sur le funds. Art ".'. lies fosses et ix'servoirs a jioissons jieuvent.apivs autur'satiuu, Stre i^tidjlis sur les proprietds privees r»?cevant I'eau de la mer. Les Anvtes d'Autorisation veudiis ])ar notre Miuistn' de la iFarine et des Colonies deter- miueut, suivani la disposition el I'eteiidue des lieux, les oondilions d'exploitatiou de o»'s reservoirs. Sont i>errais, en se conforniant aux Ueglements, les depots d'ludtres, de monies, ot de coipiillagi'S tlans les prnprietes privc'es. Art, 10. A I'aveuir, il ne sera etabli aucune pecherie a poissons, soit sur le domainc maritime, soit sur une propriete privee. Li'S detenteurs de peilierles actuelleinent existantes seront tenus, lors,pi'ils en .seront ri'ipiis et ilans les delais ulterieureuieut dt'tenuini's, de justilier de l>urs litres de proprieie ou cles actes d'uutoii- satdon. Art 11. II est defendu de peeher, de faire peclier, di; <aler, d'acliet<!r, de vendre, de transporter, I't d'employer ;\ un usage (pielconque : — 1. Les poissons ipii ne sout pas eneore parvenus a la longueur de 1 oentim, niesun'e de I'ooil 4 la naiss:»nc<' de la queue, a moins qu'ils no soient ri'putes poissons de pa.ssage ou qu'ils n'appartieuueut 4 une espece qui, a I'age adulte, reste nu-dessous de eeite dimension. 2. Le-s humards et laugoiistiis au-dessous de I'd ceutim. de 1 leil a la naissaui-e de la queue. .">. Les huitn'S au-dessous de .") ceutim. Art 12. Ix-s Pr.'fet-i Maritinies determinent par des .Vrreti's toutes les mesures de police, d'ordre, et de pTveautiou propivs a em]>i'cber tons a(?i ideiits, dominages, avaries, colli.sious, &c., et a gaiaiilir aux marins le libre eiercice de la pecbe. Art 13. Tons les .Vnvti's reiiilus |)ar les I'n'fets Maritinies . a Tapprubation de notre Ministre de la Marine et (b's t'olonies. Art. 14. Sont et lU'ineurent rappoitees les dis|iositions des Deerets sont conlriiires au pn'senl Deeiet. Fait au Palais des Tuileries, le 10 Mai, lSti2. ,'U matien- de jK-che coti^re sont soumia et R^glemeiits anttjrieurs qui Par I'Kmpi'reur: Le Ministre St^cretaire d'f'ltat. de la Marine, et des Colonies, (Sign^) (Jomte 1'. hk Cii.vsski.oip-L.viiiat. (Sigiie) XAPULfiON it des caux, . Goto jii cat nii nt < 113 ) Law oi' M.U!(ii 1, 1SKS.» UfipuBLKjUE Fiiasi;aise. No. 19032. — Loi iiyunt pour "';/il il'hthi'iHi-r tu PeV/i,- ni'x Elri'jif/ir.i Jiiiis Ira Ediix Ti rriiorutlts dc Fraiict. e.l il'Ah\i:ri<-, ijc \" .l/.',-s, l.S.SS. (ri-o!nul),'iK'i- ail ••IhuiiimI Ollic.iel " Mai-.s, 1.S88.) LK Stinat et la CliaiuliR' ili-s hc'puu's uiit Miloiili', Im I'rL'sidi'iit lie la IJ('|nil)li([iif ]ii'<imiilj,'iii; la Loi ilniit la ti-iioir suit : — Article 1". La jkVIh- est inlcnliti' aiix l)ati'aii.\ c'tmn^jers ilmis les imiix territoriales de la Kraiico et de I'AI.^'erie, eii dei;a d'uiie liiiiitc; 1)111 t^st flxee ii II iiiiiles iiiariiis au lar<;e de la laisse do H.;sse iiier. I'our les baies, le rayon de 3 milles est inesure a partir d'uiie ligne dioite tireecu traver.sde la Iiaic, dans la jiartie la jOiis rapproohen de I'entrA', au premier point on ronverture n'excede pa.s 10 milles. Daii.s cliaciin des uiniiiiiis.HiMui-iits uiaritime.s, et pour I'Algerie, le.s JJeerets deterniiiieut la ligne a partir de lai|uelle cctle limite est eomptee. An. 2. .'>i le patron d'un bateau etraiij^er ou le.s lioiiimes de son equipage .sont trouves jetant den la partie reservi'e des eaux tenitoriales I'ranraise.s uu y exeivant la ]ii'i.liii d'uiie fii(;oii le jiatroii est puiii d'une amende <le li) IV. au luoins et de 'i.iO fr. au plus. La peine de rameiide prevue a I'Aitiele preeeiielit )ieul etie portee au double on cas de recidive. II y a leeidive Imsque, dans le.s deux aiint'es preccjdentes, il a t'te rt^udu eoiitre le contre- venaiit uii jiijjemeiil pour inl'iaition a la [ire.seiite J^oi. Art. 4. Les oflieiers et oHieicis iiiariuii^rs eoiiiuiandi lilets dans ilUel<.'oii'|iie, An. :i. lit lialiuieiils dc I'fllat ou les eiiibiiii-ations lerlies mariliiiie.' conslateut les latean lit ou I'oiit foniluire le coiitrevenant et le constatant les eontraventions a plet garde-peelie, I't tons ollieiers et af;eiit.s eommis a la jiolice di: cti.traventions, eu dre.s.sent pi'ori''s-verlKd eicondui dans le port Kraiujais 1(! jiliis ra])pidelH'. lis lemiitleiit IcMirs l!ap|iorts. proee.s-verbaux, el luute I'ollicier dii Conimissiiriat eluirgi' de rinseri)ition maritime. Art. 7>. Les [iroees-verbaux doivenl etre signes el, sous iieine de millite, aflirnies dans les trois jonri de leiir idotnie, iiar-devant le .hige de I'aix du canton ou I'un de ses .suppb'iints, ou ])ar-devant le Afai/e ou I'.Vdjoint, suit de la commune d<' la n'sidenc de I'ageiit ijui a ilressc le proecs- verbal, soit di' eelle on le bateau a etc eoiiduit. Toutefois les ]iroces-verbiiux dressi's pai les oflieiers du Commissariat de la marine eliarijes de riuscriplioii miirilime, jiar les olileiers et o|)icier5 niarinitra c.imiiiandaiit le.s batiments du I'Ktat ou les embarealions garde-pcebe, et jiiir li's iuspeetenrs des pcelies inaritime.s lie sont pas souniis a rallirmatioii. Dans l<ius les i-as, les proeeg-verbanx doivunt,sou.s peine de nilUite, etre enregistres ilaii.s les iiuatre jouni ipii suivroiit eeliii de ratbrmation ou eelui de la cloture du proees-vi'rbal, s'il n'esl pas .siaimis a rallii'iimtiiai. L'enre^;istremeiit est I'liit en <leb(.'t. Art. (i. L'oHieier ou agent qui a conduit ou fait coiiduiie le bateau dans uu port Fraii(;ais le (!oii.sigiio eritre l.is mains du service de rinscriiiliou maritime, (pii .saisit les migins ile peelie et les ]ir(Kliiit.n lie la pecbe tnaivcs a boni, ipiel (piVii soil le projuii'tiiiri'. Les prodiiits ile la peelie sont vendus, sans d«'lai, dans le iiorl ou le bateau a eti' conduit, el dans les formes preserites jiar IWrlicle V^ de la Loi du l."i Avril, 1H1!!>. Le )a'ix en est coiisigm'' a la cais.se des gens de nier jusqu'a Tissue ilii .liigeiiieiit. Ilidcpeiidammeiit dc^ ranielide pievue duns les .\ilieles i et ;l, le Tribunal ordoiine In destniclion des eiinius proliibes et, s'il y a lieu, la I'onliscutioii des cngiim non probibi's et des produits de la jiec'lie siiisis sur le b,itcau ou de leur (iiix. Les eiigins non judliibes siait vendus. Le produit de eette veiite, aiilsi cpie de eelle des |iri,dnits dc la iieclie, et le monlant des amendes, soul integnilciiicnt verses dans la ciiisse des inviilides de la marine. .\rt. 7. Les ]ioursuiles oiii lieu a la diligem^e du I'locureiir de In lieiaibliqiie on des ollieiers ilu ( 'omiuissariat cliaiges de rfiiscriptioii maritime. Cos ollieiers oiil, dan- ce cius, \t\ droit d'exposer rallaire deviiut le Tribuiiiil et d'etre eiitendus I'l I'appiii de lenrs eiuielusioiis. Si les ]U)Ursuites n'oiit pas etc iiitenti'es dans les Irois mois qui suivent le jour on la contravonliou a e'te coinmise, I'actiou publique est |)reserite. * Bulletin (In Lol.^ <lo la Ri'publlque Fnn^aite, Nn, 1 1 St. levant lu Tribunal 1 Loiiil;iniiiatioii et do tons les 114 Art 8 Les poursiiites sont porttcs ilcvant le Tribunal de Police Correctioiinclle dans le ressort tluquel est situe le port on ks tontrevenants ont ^-tL^ conduits. Le Tribunal statue dans Ic plus bref L "^I'°^'^''J|' ^^^ procis-verbaux <les officiers on agents chargiJs de constater les contraventions, comme il est dit h. I'Article 0, fcnit f'oi jus(iu'a iiisLriptiou de faux. _ ^ A defaiit de procJs-verbaux, la cnntraventidu jieut t'trc prouvee par ti-nionis. Art 10 Si le cundaiiiu.' u'ar.iuitte pas lanieiide et les frais, le bateau est reteuu jusquil entier ].ayenifnt ou pendant un laps ,le temps (lui n. pent .k-passcr trnis niois pour la premiere e.mtravcnlion et six inoifl en eas de recidive. Si le eondauine interjette appel uu fail oi>iH)sition, d pent se pourvoir pour oblenir la libre sortie du bateau, en consiguant le mcmtant i Art 11 La presente l.ui lie porte pas atteinte a la liljie circulation ipeonnne aux bateaux do pecho etranuers iiaviguaiit on mouillaiil dans la partie ivserv.'e des eaux teiTitoriaU's Fraia;aises. _ i'n Deeret rendu dans la I'miiie des Iteulements d'Admiiiistration rubliqui; detennmera les regh'S spdciales de poliee aux.inelles. dans co cas, les bateaux de peobe devront se euiiformer. Les inlractions u ee li.'-k'inent sont constatOes et poui-snivies dans les f, .in.es pivxues jiar la presente Loi ; elles sont punies d'une amende de IG fr. au nioins et de 100 fr. au plus, r..aiis prejudice de la retenue du Art. lli. U u'est pas derogO aux dispositions des Conventions luteniationales et des Lois <iui s'y ""' ""lI i.resent.; Loi, deliberee et ad.jptee par le Seiiat et par la Clmnibre des I)eput.''3, sera excicutcie coiimie loi de I'Etat. I'aii a Taris, Ic 1" Mars, 1S88. (Sigue) Le Jlinistre des Affaires fitraiigeres, (Sigiid) FloukeN!-. le (iarde des Sccaux, Ministre de la .Justice, (Sigiie) A. Kai.i.ik1!E.s. Le Ministre de la Marine et dts Colonies, (Signe) KliAXTZ. CAKNOT. ssnrl lircf mine ( ll-> ) ntier itiim lunal s les jechu ('■glcs tioiis sunt e du li s'y cutue )T. Treaty of Fyiendship, Commerce, and Navigation between Her Majesty and the United States of Mexico. Siijneil (it Mrj-iri), Kovemhr 'J7, 18H.S. [lialificatiims uxhangal at Mexico, Fcbriuini 1 1, 18S9.] JIEli Majesty the (.Iuulii nf tliu I'liitwl Kiiij,'- doin 111' Great liritaiii and Ireland, and Ids Excelleney tlie President ijf tlio I'nitcd States ol' Mexico, Ijeini; desirous of maintaining and strengtliening friendly relations, and of jironioting conniiereial intereoiirse between the donnniona of Her JSritannie ^^ajesty and the territories of the Mexican l!e|iulilic, have resolveil to conclude a Treaty of Friendship, Coninieree, and Xavigation, and have named as their I'leuiputontiaries, that is to say : Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of (Ireat Britain and Ireland, Sir Spenser St. ilolin, Jvnight Commander of St. ^Ficliael and .St. George, Knvoy Kxtraordinar} and Minister I'lenipiHentiary of Her liritannic' Majesty in Mexico ; Anil his Excellency the I'resideiil of the I'nitcd States of Mexico, Sefior Senador Don Eniilio Veliusco, ex-Minister I'lenipotentiary of Mexico in France, &c., &c., Ac. ; Who, after having conuuunicatcd to each other llieir respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles: — AliTU'l.E 1. There shall he perfect peace and shiccre friend- ship lielween the t'niteil Kingdom of (Ircat lirilain and Ireland and tlie I'nited States of Mexico The High <'ontraeling Parties shall u.su their liest endeavours that this friend.ship and gooil understanding may lie conslautly and perpetiudly maintained. AirncLE 11. The Contracting Parties agree that, in all motters relating to commerce and navigation, any privilege, favour, or immunity whatever, which either Contracting i'urty has actually granted, or may hereafU^r grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extiuided iniuieditttoly and unconditionally to the subjects or citizens of fll7J SU Excelcncia el I'residente de los Estados Ifnidos Jlexicnnos y Su Majestad la lieina del Iteino I'nido de hi (iian llretana d Irlanda, deseosos de conservar y vigorizar relaeiones aniistosas y de prouiover el tnlfico cnaiercial entre los territorins de la Kepublica Mexicana y los dominios de Su Majestad Uriliinica, han resuelto celebrar um Tratado de Amistad, Comercio, y Xavegaci(jn, y han nombrado sus I'lenipotcnciarios, li saber : Sii Kxcelencia el I'residente dc los Estados Unidos Mexiiano'-, al Sefior Senador Don Eniilio ■Velasco, ex-Miiiistro I'lenipi.teiiciario de Mexico (Ml Kraiicia, &c., lie., &c. : Y Su Majestad la Iteina del lleiiio I'nido de la (iraii ISretana e Irlanda a Sir Spenser St. .(olin, (.'aballcro Coniciiilador de San .Miguel y San .lorge, Enviadu I'.xtranrdiiuuio y .Miiiistro I'leni- potenciario de Su Majestad I'lritanica en Mexico; I,os cnali.'s, despiies do lial.ier.se euinuiiicado sus I'espectivos plenos poderes, encontrandolos en bueiia y debida forma, han convenido en los Articulos siguientes : — AliTICl'I.U I. Habra perlecta paz y sincera amistad entre la l!epi\blica Mexicana y el Iteino I'nido de la liraii Itretafia c Irlanda. l.as .\ltas Partes Contratantes hariin los niayores esfuerzos para ipie esta amistad y bueiia armoiiiu se mantengaii constante y lierpetuuiueiite. AUTICIIU) II. l.as I'artes Contratantes convienen en que, en todo lo lelativo d comercio y navcgaeion, cual- ipiier privilegio, favor I'l inmunidad, sea cual fiteix", que alguiia de las I'artes Contratantes teiiga coiieedidos en la actualidail i) concedioro en lo sucesivo I'l los aubditos o ciudadanos do cualnuiera otro Estado, se exteiideran inmediata e 2 H 116 the other Cuntracling I'arty, it beiiiu tlii'ir inten- tion that the trade nnd navigation of each country shall be placeil, in all resiiects, by the other on the footing of the most favonreil nation. ini'onJicionalinente a los subHitcc 6 ciudadanos de la otra Parte l'ontratant<\ sieudo su intcucion que el ooniercio y navtgacion de eada pais sean colocados per el otro, en todo respecto, sobrc la base de la nacion mas favorecida. AimCLE III. The produce and manufactures of the dominions and piwsessions of Her liritannin Majesty which are imported into the United States of Mexico, and the produce and manufactures of Mexico which are imported into the dominions and possessions of Her liritannic Majesty, whether intended for consumption, warehousing, re-ex- portation, or tninsit, shall be treated in the same manner as, and, in particular, shall bo subjected to no higher or other duties, whctlier general, municipal, or local, than the produce, manu- factures, and goods of any third country the most favoured in this respect. No other or higher duties shall be levied in Mexico on tlie e.xporta- tion of any goods to the dominions and possessions of Her Uritannic ^fajosty, or in the dominions and ])ossessious of Her I'uitannic Majesty on the exportation of any goods to Mexico, than may be levied on the exportation of the like goods to any third country the most favoured in this respect. \citliiT of the Contracting I'arties shall es- tablish a proliibition of importation, exportation, re-exportation, or transit against the other which shall not, under like circum.stjinces, he applicable to any third country tlie most favoured in this respect. In like miiuner, in all that relates to local dues, customs foriii;dities, biokerage, patterns, or samples introduced by commercial travellers, anil all other matters connected witli traih", British subjects in Mexico, and Mexican eitizens in the dominions and possessi<,ns of Her I'lritannic Majesty, shall enjoy niost-favoured-nation treatment. In till' event of any Mexiian laws, ( '^lstom^ sullii'ient notice shall iie British sulijects to niak ments foi' meeting them. The Mexi<;in authorities shall, raoreover. deal equitably with all eases arising from unintentional ignorance of any of the changes atiove nii ntioiu'il. bangi'S being made in Tariif or I'ogtdations, jiven, in order to enable tlie necessaiy arrange- ARTICULO IIL I.,o3 productos y manufacturas de la Eepiiblica Mexicana que se importen en los doniinios y posesiones de Su Majestad Britanica, y los pro- ductos y manufactura.s de los doniinios y posesiones de .Su Majestad Britanica quo se importen en la Itepiiblica Mexicana, sea para el consumo, almacenaje, re-exportacion 6 triinsito, seiiin consiilerados de' niismo inodo, y particular- mente no estanin sujetos li otros ni mas altos derechos, ya generales, municipales, o locales, que los productos, manufactnr.is y niercancias de una tcrcera nacion ([ue sea mas favorecida ii estc respecto. No se impoiidr.in otros ni mas altos derechos on los doniinios y posesiones de Su Majestad Britanica il la oxportacion de cuales- quiera mercancias para la liepublica Mexicana, 6 en la liepublica Mexicana a la exportjicion dc cualesquiera mercancias para los doniinios y posesiones de Su Majestad Britanica, quo los (pie se iinpongan li la exportacion de iguales mer- cancias para uii tcrcer pais que sea raas favorecido :1 este respecto. Ninguna de las I'artes Contratantes cstablccera, respecto de la otra, judhibiciones de importncion, exportacion, re-exportacion. o triinsito que no sean aplicables, en iguales circunstaiicias, li un tercer pais que sea mas favoiecido a este respecto. Igualemente, en todo lo tpie se ii'liere ;i derechos locales, aduanas, formal idades, corretajcs, modelos, 6 muestras introdm idos por ageiites viajeros, y todo lo demas relalivo a comeicio. los ciudadanos Mexicanos en los doniinios y posesiones lie Sii Mr.jestfiil Uritaniea, y Ins siibditos l>rit;inicos en la liepublica Mexicana, gozaran del tral:imiento ile la nacion mas favorecida. Kn caso lie hacerse algunas alti-iacioiies en las leyes Mexicanas, aniiueles o leglameiitos de .\duanas, se conoedera un pla/o suUiciente para que los st'ibditos Britiinicos cumplan con olios. I.as aiitnriilades Sfexieanas, adenias, liaiai;in roll equidad todos los casus originados ilr ig- iioniiicia inciiliiable de algiina de las alteraiiones antes mencionadas. .VliTlCLK IV. Biitiili .-hips and their cargoes shall, in Mexico, and Mexican vessids and their cargoes shall, in the dominions and possessions of Her liritannic Majest\. from whatever ])lace aniving, and what- ever I'.iay lie llie jilace of origin or destination of their cargoes, Ik^ treated in every respect as sliijis and cargoes of the most favoured nation. The preeediiig siipidalion jiqilics to local treat- ment, dues, and rhaiges in the ]ioits, basin.s, docks, roadsteads, harbours, and rivi'is of tho two countries, iiilotage, and, generally, to all matters coniiei ted with nangation. Every favour or exemption in these res)ier|s, or any other privilege in matters of navigation, which either of the (■ontracling I'arties shall grant to u third I'owcr, shall be esteniled immediately and unconditionally to the oilier I'arty. .\l;TlfTl.(t IV. Los liuqucs Mexicanos y sin cargameiitos en los doniinios y Jio.scsiones de Sn .Majestad liriliinica, y los liui|ues liiglesrs y sus cargainenlos rn la liepiililica Mexiiaiia. cnalqiiiera qiie .soa el liigar ill' sn jiioei'deni'ia, y cualquiera qui' sea el higar de oiigen I'l desiino de sus ciirgamenlos, seiali tratados, en todo resjiecto, conio los biii|ues y caigameiitos de la nacion mas favorecida. La estiimlarioii precedeiiti' si' aplica al trata- niietito local, dereclios y cargas en los puertos, foiiili'Milei'os, diques, railas, bahias y rios de anibos ])aises, prncticaje, y, en general, li todo lo lelutivo ;i luivegacion. Todo favor I'l i'xter"ion A esti" resjiedo, o enalqniera ]irivilegi'i en materia de navcgacion, qui' una ill' las I'artes ( 'ontratantcs conceda a una tercpra I'otenoia, se extender;! inmediata e in- I'.ondicimialniente ii la otra I'otencia. 117 Ban la All vessels which, nccordiii" to British law, lire to bo deemed Hritisli vossids, nml all vessels which, according to the law of ^Icxico, an- to be deemed Mexican vcssuls, shall, for the purposes of this Treaty, be res))ectiv(?ly deemed liritish or Mexican vessels. For the same imqiose shall he coiisiderecl as ports of each of the Contracting I'arties those which arc, or 1 ereiifter may lie, declared open by the respective Covernments for import or export trade. The two (Contracting I'arties agree to consider, a.s a limit of their territorial waters on their respective coa.sts, the distance of .'! marine leagues reckoned from the line of low - water mark. Nevertheless, this stipulation .shall h.ave no effect, excepting in what may relate to the observanci' and application of the Cu.stom-house Regulations and the measures for preventing smuggling, and cannot be exteiuled to other fpiestions of civil or criminal jurisiliction, or of international maritime law. AKTICl.K V. The subjects or citizens of each of the Con- tracting I'arties shall be permitted to reside, permanently or temporarily, in the dominions or possessions of the other, ami to occ\ipy and hire houses and warehou.ses for purposes of comni(;rce, wh(!ther wholesale or retail. They shall also be at full liberty to exerci.se civil rights, and therefore to acipiire, jX).sse.-<s,anil dispo.se of every description of |iropei'ty, moval)le and immnvablc, as far as the law.s of e.acli cunntry will permit. They may ac<iuirc and transmit the same to others, whether by purchase, .sile, donation, exchange, marriage, ti'stiiment,snccessi(jn iili inir.^lntu, \mi\ in any other njiinner, under the same comlitinns as natives of the country. Their heirs ami h'gal representatives may succeed to and take jiossession <if it, eitlKT in person or by jiroeurators, in the .same manner and in the same legal forms as natives of the country. In none of these respects .shall they ])ay upon the value of such properly any other or liigher impfwl, duty, or charge than is payalde liy natives of I he country. In every case, the subjects or eitizens of the (.'ontracting I'arties shall be permitted to export their propeily, or the proceeils thereof, if .sold, freely and without being s\dijei:t<',d on such ex- jMirtulion to ))ay any duty dilferent from (hat to whiili natives of the country are lialile under similar eircumslances. Tlu^ citizens or subjocts of each one of tlie Contracting Parties, who may he n-siding, tempo- raiily or pi'inianently, in the dominions and possesions III' the other, are subjeil in lln' l.iws if the lonntry where they reside, esperiallv to those which determine the rights and obligations of foreigners, on tlie same londitio'is as tho.se of the citizens or subjects of the most favoured nation. AiniCi.K VI. The dwellings, manufactiiries, warehou.ses, and sliiijis of the subjiMis or citi/.i'Us of each of the Ciiutracting I'artii's in the dominions and ])osses. sions of the other, and all luemisrs appertaining thereto, clestined fur pnrpo.ses of residence or commerce, shall be respected. It shall not lie allowable (o ]>rMe I tn make a search of, or a domiciliary visit to, >uch dwellings Todos los buqnes ([uc, conforme a las leyes Mexicnnns, .se considereii Mexicanos, y todos los bnipies <[ue, conforme :'i las leyes Kritiinicas, se I'onsideren liritanicos, se considerar:in respectivii- meiite Mexicanos 6 lirit'lnicos para los efectos de este Tratndo. I'ara los mismos efectos .se deberan entender por puertosde cada una de Ins Partes Contratante.s aquellos que estan 6 en adelaiite estuvieren habilitados ])or los fiobiiM'uos respectivos para el cranereio de iinjjortaciim o (;x|iortaeion. Las dos Partes Contratantes convienen en considerar conio limite del mar territorial en sus costas resi)ectivas, la distancia de 3 Icguas nmn- tinins cont.idas desd(i la linea de la inarea baja. Sin endiargo, esta estipulacion no tendr:l (^fecto, sino en lo relati\Ti it la vigilancia y ajilie.acion de his lieghimentos yVduanales y de las medidas para evitar el contrahando, y no podr;l extenderse a otras cuestioues de juriiliecion civil o criminal, o de derecho internacional maritimo. AUTICULO V. Lon ciudadanos I'l siihditos de cada una de las Partes ( 'ontratantK-'s podnin residir pcrmanente o tenqioralmente en los dominios o poscsiones de la otra ; ocnjiar y arreiidar casas y almacenes para el ejercicio del comercio, ya jror mayor 6 al menudeo. Tendnin tambieu plena lihertad en el ejercicio ile (ierechos civiles, y Jior consiguiente para adipiirir, jKLSeer y disponer de toda clase de propiedades '.leubles e inmeubles en cuanto lo ]iermitan has leyes de cada Jiai's. Pueden adquirirlas y tras- mitirlas a olms por compra, venta, donacion, permuta, matrimonio, testamento. sucesion intes- tada y de cualquiera otrn modo, liajo has mismas coudiciones que Ins natuiales del pais. Sus herederos y reprcsentanles legales pueden suceder en ellas y lomar poseaion de las nnsmas, ya ])ersonalmeiite li por priKur.ador, did mismo modo y con his inism.as fornias legales que los natiirales did ]iais. Kn niniiuno de estos ca.sos paganin .sobre el valor de diilia jimjiiedad otros ni mius altos impuestos, derechos u cargas ipn^ los queseliaguen )ior his naturides del jiais. l-ai ludii caso .si; permilira ;t lus subditi.'S 6 ciudadanos de las Partes Contratantes exporlar su propiedad, I'l los productos de la misma, si hidiiere sido vendida, lilirennnte y sin esiar sujelos en la i'X|iortacion X pagar derecho.i diferentes de aquello: ;i los cuales (fstiin sonietidos en cironistaiicias amilogas los naturales did pais. I.os ciudadanos o si'iliditos de cada una de las Partes Contratantes nu.' n'sidan tenqioral I'l per- manentei ile en Ins domiuins y piisesiones de la otra estan sujelos a las leyes del pais de su lesideneia, esperialiucnte las que lijan los derechos y obligariones de los extianjeros, en los mismos terminos eii i|iie lo esti'n Ins ciudadanos o subditos de la nacion mas favoreclda. .virncui.o vi. Ser;in respeladas his habitacinnes, f^ibricas, alniaienes y tielidas di> los eiudad.inos I'l subditos de cada una de las Paries Conlratantes en los dominios y pnsesioin's de la otra, y todas la« locididade.s" que les scan anexas destinadas :i haliitacion o roniercio. No se perniilini bie'er catrns I'l visilas domicili- erias en estns habitariones y sus diqii'iidencias. (i 118 and premises, or to examine or inspect books, piipers, or nccoiints, except iinder tlie conditions and with the forms prescribed by the laws for natives of tlie country. The subjects or citizens of each of the two C'outracling I'lirlies in tlie dominions and posses- sions of tlio other shall Imve free access to the Courts of Justice for the proseoition and defence of their rights, witliout other conditions, restric- tions, or taxes beyond those imposed on natives of the country, and shall, like them, be at liberty to employ, in all causes, their advocates, attorneys, or agents from among the persons admitted to the exercise of those professions according to the laws of the country. AKTICLE VII. Tlie subjects or citizens of each of the Con- tracting I'arties in the dominions and possessions of the otlier .shall be exempted from all com- pulsory military service whatever, wlietlier in the army, navy, or national guard, or militia. They .shall likewise be exempted from all contributions, wliether pecuniary or in kind, imjiosed as a com- l)ensation for pei-sonal service, and, finally, from forced loans, and from charges, requisitions, and war contributions, unless imposed on real property, when they shall i>ay them ecpudly with nationals. ARTICLE VIII. The subjects or citizens of either of the two <'ontracting Parties residing in the dominions and possessions of the other shall enjoy, in regard to their houses, persons, and properties, the protec- tion of the (iovernment in us full and ample a manner as the subjects or citizens of the most favinired nation. In like manner the sulijects or citizens of each Contracting Party .shall enjoy in the dominions and pos.sessions of the other full liberty of con- science, and .shall not be molested on account of their religious belief. examinar 6 inspeccionar los libros, papeles, o cuentas, exccpto bajo las eondiciones y con las formas prescritas por las leyes para los naturales del pais. Los ciudadanos 6 siibditos do cada una de las dos I'artes Contratantes en los dimiiuios y posesiones de la otni tendnin libre acceso en los Tribnnales para hacer valer y defender sus derechos sin otras eondiciones, restricciones, o contribuciones que las impuesta.s a los naturales del pais, y, como estos, tendnin libertad para emplear en sus litigios los abogados, procnradores, 6 agentes de entre las personas admitidas al ejercicio de estas profesiunes, conforme li las leyes del pais. AKTIOl'LO \n Los ciudadanos 6 siibditos de cada una de las Partes (Jontratantes en los domiiiinsy posesiones de la otra e.stariin exentos de todo servicio niilitar forzoso, ya en el ejercito, la marina, o la giiardia nacional o milicia. Tambien estaniii exentos do toda . . .ribiieion, sea pecuniaria 6 en espeeie, inipuestn en conipensacion de servicios persoiiales, y tinalmente, de preslamos forzosos y de cargiis, reiinisas y contribucioiio'i de giierni, a meiios que scan impucstas sobre la jiropiedad inmeuble, en ciiyo caso la pagariin en igiiales ti'rniinos que los nacionales. AKTICULO VIII. Los ciudadanos i> siibditos de cada una de las Partes Contratantes residentes en los dominios y posesiones de la otra gozonin, en sus casas, per- sonas y propiedades, de la proteccion del Gobierno, tan eompleta y ainplia como los ciudadniios o siibditos de la iiacion mas favorecida. Igualmeiite los ciudadanos I'l siibditHS de cada una de las Partes Contratantes gozaniu en hjs dominios y iiosesioncs de la otra plena libertad de conciencia, y no .scran molestados por razon de sus creencias religiosas. ARTICLE IX. The subjects or citizens of each of the Con- tracting Parties shall liave, in the dominions and possessions of the other, the same rights as natives, or as subjects or citizens of llic most favoured nation, in regard to iiatents for inventions, trade- marks, and designs, uikjii fultilment of th(! for- malities prescribed liy law. ARTICULO IX. r.os ciudadanos 6 siibditos de cada una de las Partes Contratantes tenilran, en los doiiiinios y posesiones de la otra, los misnuis dercclin.s que los nacionales, I'l que los siibditos o rindadauos de la nacioii mas favorecida, respecto li patcnlcs i\r in- vencion, niarias de tVibrica y dibujos jiara oljetos iudustriales, sienipre iine cumplan las formali- dades prescritas par la ley. ARTICLE X, Each of the Contracting Parties may appoint Consuls-Cicneral, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, Pro-Con- suls, and (.'onsular Agents to reside respectively in towns or ports in the dominions and pos- sessions of the other Power, each one of them reserving the right of excepting those places where it may not appear convenient to admit them whenever this exception is extcuued to the Con- sular functionaries of all other nations. Such Consular officers, however, shall not enter npon their functions until after they shall have been approved and admitted in the usual form by the Government to which they are sent. They filiall exercise whatever functions, and enjoy what- ever privileges, exemptions, and immunities arc. ARTICULO X. Cada una ilc las I'artes (,'oiitrataiitos piicdc nondnar Consnles-Generales, C('insiilcs, Vice-Ci'm- siiles, Pro-I '(insules, y Agentes Coiisulares para residir resjiectivamenle en las eiudadcs o piiertos situados en Ins dominios y ]ii)sesi(iiies de la otra Potencia, reserviindose cada una de ellas el derecho de exceptuar los lugares donde no le parezca con- veniente adniitirlos, siemjire ([iie esta excepcioii sp extienda li los fmieionarios (.'oiisulares de todas las denias naciones. Estos fnncionarios Coiisulares, sin embargo, no entnirAn en el ejercicio ib'. sus funciones hasta despues de haber sido aprobacULs y admitidos en la forma usual por el Goliieriio al cual ban sido enviados. Ejerceran las funciones, y gozarau ilc los privilegios, e.\enciones, e inmunidades, cuale.s- 119 is, CI las lull's •le s y los sus o rules jiiira ( irus, \s al eyes or way hereafter be, granted there to Consular officers of the most favoured nation. Tlie archives and official papers of Consular functionaries shall bo respected as inviolable, without the authorities of the country being able, on any account, to seize them, or take note of their contents. ARTICLE XI. The Consuls-General, (Mnsuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents of eacli of the Contracting Parties, residing in the dominions and possessions of the other, shall receive from the local autho- rities such assistance as can by law be given to them for the recovery of deserters from the vessels of their respective countries. quiero que sean, concedidos 6 que se concedan en lo sucesivo a los funcionarios Consulares de la uacion mas favorecida. Los archives y papeles oficiales de los funciona- rios Consulares seriin respetndos como inviolables, sin que por ningun motive pucdan los autoridades del pais embargarlos ni tomur conocimieuto de ellos. AKTICULO XL Los Consules-Gcneralea, C6nsules, Vice-C6n- sulcs, y Agentes Consulares de cada una de laa I'artes Contratantes, residentcs en los dominios y posesiones de la otra, recibiran de las autoridades locales el auxilio que por la ley se ics puede dar para recobrnr los desertores de los buques de sua paises respectivos. ARTICLE XIL Any ship of war or merchant-vessel of either of the Contracting Parties which may be com])elled, by stress of weather or by accident, to take shelter in a port of the other, shall be at liberty to refit therein, to procure all necessary stores, and to continue their voyage without paying any dues other than sucli as would be payable in a similar case by a national vessel. In rase, however, the master of a merchant-vessel sliould be under the necessity of disposing of a part of his menrhandize in order to defray his exiienses, he shall be bound to conform to the Regulations and Tarid's of the place to which he may have come. If any ship of war or merchant-vessel of o'.ie of the Contracting Parties should run aground, or be wrecked within the territory of the other, such ship or vessel, and all parts thereof, and all furni- ture awl appurtenances Indonging thereunto, and all goods and tnerchandize saved tlierefrom, in- cluding any which may have been cast out of the ship, or the proceeds thereof if sold, as well as all papers found on board sucli stranded or wrecked ship or vessel, sluiU be given up to the owners or their agents when claimed by them within the period fixed by the laws of the country ; and such owners or agents shall pay only the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with the salvage or other expenses which would have been payable in the like case of a wreck of a national vessel. The goods and merchandize saved from the wreck shall be exempt from all duties of customs unless cleanid for consumptivjn, in which case they shall pay the same rate of duty as if they had l)ecn imported in a national vessel. lu the case either of a vessel being driven in by stress of weather, run aground, or wrecked, the respective Consuls-Generals, Consuls, Vice- Consul.s, and Consular Agents shall, if the owner or master or other agent of the owner is not present, or is present and requires it, bo authorized to interpose in order to afford the necessary assist- ance to their fellow-oountrymeu. ARTICLE XIIL For the better security of commerce between the subjects of Her Itritannic Majesty and the citi»ena of the United States of Mexico, it is agreed that, if at any time any interruption of f.-iendly intercourse or any rupture should unfor- tunately take place between the two Contracting Parties, the subjects or citizens of either of the 1117] AETICULO XII. Todo buque de guerra 6 niercante de una de las Partes Contratantes quo est(i obligado, a causa de mal tiempo d de accidente, a refugiarse en un puerto de la otra, estani en libertad para repararse alK, i)rocurarse lus provisicnes necesarias y eon- tinuar su viaje sin j)agar otros derechos que los que en casos semejantes se pagarian por un buque nacional. En caso, sin endinrgo, de que el capitan de un buque mercante tuviere necesidad de dis- poner de una parte de sr.s mercancias para cubrir sus gastos, estani obligado ii conformarse con los Reglamentos y Tarifaa del lugar a ([ue haya Uegudo. Si un buque de guerra 6 un buque mercante de una de las Partes t 'oiitiiitantes encalla 6 naufraga en el territorio de la otra, esle buque y todas sus partes, su aparejo y pertenencias. todos los efectos y mercancias salvados de i\, inclusos los echados fiicra del buque, o sus productos si le han ven- dido, asf como los papeles cncontrados a boido del biicpie encallado 6 iiaufrago, seran entregados a los iiropieturios 6 sus agentes, al ser reclamados por ellos en el terniino fijado por las leyes del pais ; y estos propietarios 6 agentes pagaran sola- mente ios gastos (pie se liayan causado en la con- servacion de la jjropiedad, asf como el salvamento ii otros gaatos que un buque nacional pagarfa en igiial caao de naufragio. Los efectos y mercancias salvados del naufragio estaran exeutos de todos los derechos de aduanas, a menos que se destincn al eonsumo interior, en cuyo caso pagarii los mismos derechos que si hubiesen sido iniportados en un buque nacional En el caso de que por razon de mal tiempo un buque se refugiare en un puerto 6 encallare 6 naufragaic, los Cdusules-Uenerales, Consoles, Vice-Cdnsules, y Asientes Consulares, si el pro- pietario 6 capitan li otro agente del propietario no estan jiresentcs, d si e.stan presentes y lo pidieren, estariln autorizadoa )iaia intervenir a tin de impartir los auzilios necesarios a sus com- patriotos. ARTICULO XIII Para mayor seguridad del coroercio entre los ciudadanos d-^ los Estodos I'nidos Mexicanos j los siibditosde Su Alajestad Itritanica, seconviene que, si desgraciadamente en algun tiempo se in- terrumpieren las relaciones nmistosas ii ocurrieae alguna ruptura entre ambas Partes Contratantes, los ciudadanos 6 siibditos de una de las dus 2 I 120 said Contracting Parties who may be residinj; in the ddtnininns or territories of tlie other, or wlio may be estnblisUed tlmre, in tlie exercise of any trade or special employment, shiiU have tlie privi- lege of reiniiiiiing and continuing such trade or employment, without any manner of interruption, in full enjoyment of their liberty and pro|wrty, 80 long lis they behave peacefully iind commit no olTenco against the laws ; and their goods, pro- perty, and ellcots, tif whatever description they may be, whether in their own cust<jdy or inlruateil to individuals, or to the State, shall not be liable to seizure or seiinestration, or to any other charges or demands than those which may be made upon the like goods, projierty, and eH'ects l)eIonr;ng to native subjects or citizens. Should they, however, prefer to h.ave the country, they shall be allowed to make airangements for the safe keeping of their goods, property, and effects, or to dispose of them, and to lii|uidate their accounts; and a safe- conduct slia'l be given them to embark at the ports which they shall themselves select. Partes Contratantos quo residan en los dominios 6 territorios de la otra, o que alK estitn establecidou ejerciendo el comercio (5 enipleados en otra ocupa- cion, tendnin el derecho de ])ermann('er y de con- tinuar en su comercio u ocupacion, sin int«,'rru|>- cioii alguna, con el |)leno goce ile su liberUid y propiedad, mientnus .«o conduzcan piuiticamente y no contravengan la.s leyes ; y sus l)ieue,%, propie- dad(is, y efeftos, de cuahjuiera clnse cpie scan, yu esti^n en su poder o .Minliado.f li particulares o al E?.tail(>, no esturan sujetos a emljaryo d .sccuestro, ni a otras cargus u obligacioncs que las que se impongan en bienes, proi)iedades y efi'clos anillo- gos pertenecientes li los naoiouules. Sin embargo, si prefiriesen salir del pais, se ies permitim hacer los arreglos conveiiiente.s piira la seguridad de sus bienes, propiedades, y efectos, li para disponer do ellos y para lii|uidar sus cuenta.s; y se Ies darii un salvo-conducto paru que se embarquen en los puertos que elijan. In ARTICLE XIV. The stipulations of the present Treaty shall be applicable to all the Colonies and foreign posses- sions of Her Britannic Majesty, so far as the laws permit, excepting to those hereinafter named, that is to say, except to — India. Tl e Dominion of Canada. Newfoundland. New South Wales. Victoria. South Australia. Western Australia. Queensland. Tasmania. New Zealand. The Cape. Natal. ARTICULO XIV. I-as estipulaciones del presente Tratado serdn aplicablos a todas his ("olonias y posesiones extran- jeras de Su Majestad liritiinica, en cuanto lo permitan las leyes, exceptuando las (jue en seguida se designan, es decir, excepto — La India. El Dominio de Canada. Terranova. Nucva Gales del Sur. Victoria. Australia MeridionaL Australia Occidental. Queensland. Tasmania. Nueva Zelanda. El Cabo. Natal. Provided always that the stipulations of the present Treaty shall be made applicable to any of the above-named Colonies or foreign possessions on whose behalf notice to that effect shall have been given by Her Britannic Majesty's Repre- sentative in Mexico to the Mexican Minister for Foreign Affairs within two years from the do*" -'f the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. Sin embargo, las estipulaciones del presente Tratado scnin aplicables a cualquiera de las expresadas Colonias 6 posesiones extranjeros en cuyo favor se di5 noticia para este efecto por el Representante do Su Majestad Britiinica en Mdxico al Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores de la Republica Mexicana, dentro de dos ailos con- tados de U fecha del canje de las ratificaciones del presente Tratado. ARTICLE XV. Any controversies which may arise respecting the interpretation or the execution of the present Treaty, or the consequences of any violation thereof, shall bo submitted when the means of settling them directly by amicable agreement are exhavisted, to the decision of Commissions of Arbitration, ami the result of such arbitration shall be binding upon both Govarnraeuts. The members of sucii Commissions shall be selected by the two Governments by common consent, failing which, each of the Partie.s shall nominate an Arbitrator, or an equal number of Arbitrators, and the Arbitrators thus appointed shall select an umpire. The procedure of the arbitration shall in each case be determined by the Contracting Parties, failing which the Commission of Arbitration shall be itself entitled to determine it beforehand. ARTICULO XV. Las controversias que se susciten sobre la inter- pretacion 6 ejecucion del presente Tratado, 6 sobre Ins consocuencias de alguna violacion de i\, se sometenin, cuando se agoten los medios de arreglo directo pnr convenios amistosos, ii la decision de Comisiones de Arbitraje, y el resultado de este arbitrejo sera obligatorio para ambos Gohiemos. Los miembros de estos Comisiones senin nom- brados de comuu consentimiento por los dos flobiernos ; y no eatando de acuerdo, cada una de las Partes nombrara un Arbitro, 6 un niiaiero igual de Arbitros, y los Arbitros asf nombrados designankn un tercero para el oaso de discordio. lits Partes Contratantes deteiminanin en cada caso cl procedimiento del arbitraje, y no estando de acuerdo, la Comision de Arbitraje estard facul- tada para determinarlo de antemano. m ARTICLE XVI. The present Treaty shall continue in force during ten years, counted from the day of the exchange of the ratiticationa ; and in case neither of tlie two (Contracting Parties ahull have given notice, twelve months before the expiration of the said period of ten years, of their intention of terminating the present Treaty, it shall teniuin in force until the expiration of one year from the day on which either of the Contracting Parties shall have given such notice. ARTICULO XVL Gl prosente Tratado durara diez aflos, contados desde el dia del canje de las ratiKcacionea, y en caao de quo ninguna de las dos Partes Contra - tantes haya dado noticia, doee meses lintes de la espiracion de dicho periodo de diez aHos, de su inlencion de terminar el presente Tratado, con- tinuarii en vigor hasta la termiuacion de un aflo contudo desde el dia en que una de las Parte* Contratantes di^- esta noticia a la otra. f ARTICLE XVII. The present Treaty shall be ratified by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Itritain and Ireland, and by his Excellency the President of the United States of Mexico, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Mexico as soon as possible. In witness wliereof, the respective Plenipo- tentiaries have signed the same, and have allixed thereto the seals of their arms. i)one, in two originals, at the City of Mexico, the twenty-seventh day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight (LS.) SPENSER ST. JOHN. (La) EMILIO VELASCO ARTICULO XVII. El pre.?eiite Tratado sera ratificado por su Excelcncia el Preaidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, y por Su Majeatod la Reina de la (•ran HretaiTa e Irlanda, y las ratificaciones se (•anj(!ariln en Mtixico tan pronto como sea poL.ible. Kn testimonio de lo cual los reapectivos Pleni- potenciarioa hau lirmado y sellado. Hecho, en dos origiuales, en la Ciiidad de Mexico, el dia-veintisiete de Novembre, de mil o';hociento3 ocbenta y echo. (LS.) SPENSER ST. JOHN. (L.S.) EMILIO VEI^SCO. f ■- 1 ( 122 ) Examples of United States' Public Documents and Acts of Congress in which Sealing is described as " fishery." (1) BrltUh and Foreign 8ut« Piparabjr Hertalet, toI. ii, p. 349. (2.) II. ofB., 42ncl Cong., 2nd iwia., Ei. Uoc. lU. H. of R I It Sim (3.) 44th Cong., . Ki. Doc. 03. 1832, July 10. Despatch from United States' Charg^ d'Affairea to the Buonoa Ayres Minuter on the subject of the seal fishery of Muiviuus, Folklnnd Islauds. Throughout letter the tcim of " fishery " is employed. 1871. " Fur-seal fisheries, Alaska. Letter from the Secretary of the Treaanry, tronimitting copy nf Report by Special Ageut in charge of the fur-seal fisheries at the Islands of St Paul and St Ueoi^, Alaska." 1874. An Art of Congress approved on the 22nd April provided for a Report on " the present condition of the seal fisheries of Alaska ; the haunts and habits of the scul ; the preservation and extension of the fisheries as a source of revenue to the United States, with like information respecting the fur-bearing animals of Alaska gcnnmlly ; the statistics of the fur trade and the condition of the people or'natives, especially those upon whom the successful proaecutioa of the fisheries and fur trade is dependent." 1876. " Seal fisheries of Alaska. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting, in response U> s Resolution from the House of Representatives, information relating to the seal fisheries in Alaska." ^4.) H or R.. eoth Cong., 2nd SeM., Report No. .1SKS. 1889. "Fur-seal fisheries of Alaska. (29th January, 1889. — Recommitted and ordered to be printed.) Mr. Dunn, from the Connnitt'ie on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, submitted the following Report." . . . . " The Conmiittee was directed to investigate the fur-seal fisheries of Alaska, and aU contracts or leases made by the Government with any person or Companies for the taking of fur-seals or other fur-bearing animals in Alaska and to fully investigate and report upon the nature and extent of the rights aud interests of the United States in the fur-seals and other fisheries in Bering Sea in Alaska," &c. (5.) United Sutee' 8«nate, 50th Cong., 2nd ieae., Ri. Doc. 106. (6.) H. of R., eiit Cong., lit Sen., Ex. Doc 4.S0. (7.) United States' Statute*. 1887 (0 1889, Tol. zir, p. 939. (8.) Slat Conir., lit 8a H. R.. 7903. lS??n. " Message from the President of the United States, transmitting, in response to Senate Resolution of the 2nd Januan,-, 1889, a Report upon the seal fisheries in Bering Sea." 1890. " Seal fisheries of Behring Sea. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a letter from the Secretjvry of State, with accompanying papers, touching the subjects in dispute between the (ioveniment of the United States and the Government of Great Britain in the Behring Sea, including all communications since the 4th March, 1889." 1889, March 2. An Act making appropriations for civil expenses of Government for the year ending the 1.3th June, 1890. " Alaskan scul fisheries," for salaries, &c„ at seal fisheries in Alaska, as follows : — For one agent, 3,650 dollars, &c. 1890, March 7. The Bill and the Act founded upon it under which Mr. Elliott was appointed the Special Agent for the purpose of collecting information on the condition of the " seal fisheries of Alaska." (9.> ILofR. 5UtCon(., 2nd Seia., £>. Doe. 144. 1891 " Seal fisheries of Behring Sea. Message from the President of the United States transmitting a letter from the Secretary of State submitting the official correspondence between the Government of the United States and the Government of Great Britain, touching the seal fisheries of the Behring Sea since the 19th July last." (IQ\ 1892, March 28. 52«d Cong., Irt Sew, 28th March, 1892. Ba. Doc 73. Letter to Secretary of United States with reference to Senate Resolution of the ( 1^3 ) Minuter Statements made by certain IVitnesses in the United States' Case respecting the Pribyloff Islands, &c., compared loith those previously made by the same persons in Official Reports. PKOFKSSOIl .1. A. Al.LKX, a Curator in tlie American Jluseuiu of Natural History, whose acfuiirciiieiits and crcJeiitials will 1)« found very fully set forth on p. 3GD of the Appendix to the United States' (,'iiso, and who is the author of the well-known " Monograph on the Nortli American Pinnii)cds," furnishes, at the request of the Secretary of State of the United States, a Special Iteport on tlie ])iniiiiioil3, witli particular rerereiico to the fur-seuls. Tliis forms part of Vol. I of the Appendix, and is friMjuenlly <iuoted in the Case. Without enterini^ into minor [loiiits of criticism on this article, which, in so far as it relalt'il to the habits, &c., of the fur-seal, is practically a replica of the Report of the United States' f'oiuniissioiier.', it may be of interest to place side by side a few parallel statements derived frcjiu this IJeport jirepared by reciuest, and the previously written " Monograph " of the same author. Tlie date of the " Monograph " is 1880. Monograph of 1880. 1. " The pinnipeds, or i'm?ii/)frf('a, embracing the seals and walruses, an; commonly recognized by recent sy.stenintic writers as constituting a .sub- order of the orili;r Fer(r, or carnivorous mammals. They are, in Hhort, true 6V(ni!iw«, moditied for .an aquatic existence, anil have consequently been sometimes termed " Amphibious Carnivora." Their whole form is modilied for life in tlie water, which element is their true home. Hero they display great activity, but on land their movements are confined and laboured. They consequently rarely leave the water, and generally only for short periods, and are never found to move voluntarily more than a few yards from the shore. Like the other n.arine mammalia — the Cclnrea and tiirania (whales, dolphins, porpoi.ses, manatees, &o.) — their bodies are more or ' " !'...h-liko in general form, and their limbs are tiansformed into swimming organs. As their name implies, they are lin-footed. Generally sjieaking. the body may be comjiared to two cones joined liasally. Unlike the other marine mammal.^, the pinnijieds are all well clothed with hair, while several of them have underneath tlie exterior coarser hair a thick, soft, silky under-fur. In contrasting them with the ordinary or terrestrial mammals, we note that the body is only exceptionally rai.sed, and the limbs are confined within the common integument to beyond the knees and elbows, and are hence to only a slight degree serviceable for terrestrial loco- motion. — (Op. cit., p. 1.) " The existing pinnipeds contain three very distinct minor groups or families, differing quite widely from each other in important characters : thesT arb the walruses or Oilobaenulce, the eared seal or Otaridce, and the earless seals or Plweidce Article in, Appendix I to United States' Case, 1892. 1. " The common seals, the eared seals, and the walruses form a well-marked group of the car- nivorous mammalia, constituting a sub-order (I'invipcdia) of the order Camlrura. They are carnivore.-' si)eeially modified for aquatic locomo- tion and sub-aqiiatie life. Their ancestors were doubtless land animals, probably more nearly allied to the liears than to any other existing mammals. They are still dependent (ui the laud or on fields of ice for a resting-place, to which they necessarily resort to bring forth their young. 'They are thus very unlike the sea-co\v.s, and the whole tribe, which are strictly aquatic, bringing forth in the water, and entirely unfitted for loco- motion on land " (p. 368). Compare also, on " the true home " of the fur- seal passage quoted below from p. 405, [117J 2 K 124 Monograph — (continued). After statitiR that the first two groups are thp more nearly tiUieil, and t)iat the PhocUla may he contrnsleil willi these, beiii;; the lowest SW'P. Professor Allen adds: "The linih structure, the mode of life, iiud the whole economy are essen- the same in the two groups " (p. 2). A rlielt—{conliniitd). 2. North Pacific Fur-Seai " Habitat — shores of the North Pacific from Colifumla and Japan (Peters) northward "(p. 210). 3. " Except durinj; the season of reproduction these animals appear to lead a wandering life, but the extent and direction of their mijrrations are not yet well known. Steller spoke of their migrations as being as regular as those of the various kinds of sea- fowls, and tliey are recordi'd as arriving with great regularity at the Pribylolf Islands; but where they pass the season of winter is still a matter of conjecture " (p. 335) 4. Under [the heading " CnUorhinus Ursinus — Northern Fur-seal " is the following statement : — " Tlie fur-si';d is well known to have been formerly abundant on the western ('oast of North Amerii.a, as fur south as CaliHunia, but the exact southern limit of their range I have been unable to determine. " Captain Scammon spoke of having seen them ' on one of the San I5enito Islands, on the coast of Lower Caliornia, an<l many beaches were found fronting gullies wliere (fur) .■"..Is in large nundters formerly gathered, and as th', y had ])lenty of ground to retreat upon, tbn -je 'ers sometimes drove them far enoui:h b.iek to i),:ike sure of the whole herd, or tliat portior M' 'iiem the '^kins of which were desirable," 1,'f :ei-' states that tlie fur- seal and sea-elepliant oiioi, made tlie shores (of Guadaloupe Island) a favourite rc-oitiug-place, and refers to tlicir former occurrence on Cedros Island in latitude 28^" (p. 332). " 5. Man, of course, stands first in importance as an enemy of the fur-seal.but under the restrictions respecting the killing of tliese animals now en- forced at tlie Pribylolf Islands, does not apjiear to have a very marked infiuence in ellecting their decrease " (p. 381). 6. Professor Allen, quoting llr, Itecks, with special reference to the harbour seal, writes: — " He adds tliat it is only in the spring of the year that this seal will 'float' when killed in the water, but says that he has never seen a seal so poor, which if killed dead on the spot would not have iloaled from live to ten seconds, or long enough to give ' ample time for rowing alongside, supposing the animal to have lieen killed by shot, and the boat to contain two hands ' " (p. 597). Again, referring to the bearded seal, he quotes Eumlien os follows : — " In July during the moulting time their stomachs contained nothing but stones, some of 2. North Pacific Fur-&al. " Ilabitat — the islands in IJehring Sea, at present chiefly the IVibyloff and (Commander Islands, migrating southwarrl in winter along the American coast to California, and along the Asiatic coast to the Kurile Islands" (p. 372, Appetulix I). 3. " The true home of the fur-seals of the eastern waters of the North Pacific and liehring Sea is the Pribylolf group of islands in liehring Sea. It is to these islands that seals repair an- nually to bri'cd, and there is no evidence that they breed elsewhere than on these islands. It is evident, from what we know of seal life elsewhere, that wore the climate sufliciently mild in winter, they would undoubtedly pass the whole year at these islands. Owing, however, to the inclemency of the winter months, the fur-seals are forced to migrate souihward in search of food and a milder climate." — fAppendix I, p. 405.) 4. " Since fur-seal breeding rookeries are re- ported to have formerly existed on some of the small islands off Soutliern < 'alifiirnia, it bus been assumed that they were a iinitioii of tlu! Pribyloff herd which sometimes nunained south to breed. Such an as.suni])tion is entirely opposed to what is known of the habits and distribution of marine life and tlie well-grounded principles of geographic distribution, viz., that a fur-seal breeding on :m Arctic island, which it .annually travels thousands of miles to reach, would also clinnse for a breeding stiition an island in suli-tropical latitude. Fortu- nately, the rebuttal of this a.ssumption iloe.s not depend upon the gencr.ilizatinns of (be natiiralists, since specimens have recently been obtained (Vom (iuadaliiii]ie Island which sliow that while a fur- seal funuerly occurred there, and is still sometimes fc)iin<l tlicre in small numbers, it is not only not tlie Pribylott upecies, but a seal belonging to a dillerent genus, uiTllEnro only knowk ah an INHABITANT OF TlIK SdUTIIEKN HkMISIMIKUE " (p. 4'JG). 5. " The history of the PribyloflT fur-.seal herd shows that tor a period of about fifteen yeai-s it was ]iossible to kill for commercial ]nirposes 100,000 m.ale seals aiinually with not only no recognizable decrease nor deterioration of the herd, but appareiitiv a decided increase up to about the year ISHO'" (p. 407). " 6. Only such .seals as are instantly disabloa can be secured, and even many of these must be lost, since the s]iecifio gravity of a dead seal is greater than that of the water in which it is killed " (p. 409). 12S Munojraph— (continued). them nearly of a ([imrtor-iiouiul weijjnt. They act'inncl to cut nothing during tho entire time of shedding, probably six weeks. Certain it is that they Inau all their lihibber, end by tho middle of Jidy have nolliing but ' white horse,' a tough, white, somewhat cartilaginous substance, in place of blubber. At this season they sink when shot" (pp. 571-672;. A rticU — (cunt tnutcC). Extracts from Reports and Evidence of Captain Charles Bryant (1869-76). 1. " The pnps are about five weeks old when the old f.'iuales go off to fueJ." — (" On Eared Seals," p. 103.^ " I'roni that time [after being served] .she lies either sleeping near her young ttv .spends her time floating ur playing in the water near the shore, returning ocauiionally to suckle her pup." — (" Monograph of North American I'innipcds," p. 380.) " The females go into the water to feed when the pups are some C weeks old." — (Senate, 41st Congress, 2nd Session, Kx. Doe. Xo. 32, p. 5.) "The females, after giving birth to tlieir young, temporarily repair again to the water." — ("Mono- grapli of Xorth American I'innipeds," ]). 38f).) '.'. " When once in the water tlie young seals .soon apjiear to delight in it, spending most of their time (here in iday, lundiling over each other like slinals of li.sh." — (M(uiograi)h of Korth American rinnipeds, p. 387.) '■'<. " Thus they remain iintil October, when the oiliest and strongest lie.i;i!i to leave for the winter, and others soon follow." — (" Monograjih of North American l'inni|icds," pp. 3.S7, 388.) 4. " The fur-seals resort to the Pribyloll' Islands during tlu^ summer months for the sole purp<ise of reproduction. Those sharing in these duties nec;essarily riMuain on or near the slion^ until tlu; young are able to take to tlie water. During this considerable period I lie old seals are not known to take any food." — (" ( )n Kared Seals," p. 05.) "The beach-masters leave the islaiuls in August and September." — (H. 1!., 44th Congress, Ist Ses- sion, Kx. Doe. No. 83, p. 177.) " In November the young seals slop to re.st for a few days on the Aleutian l.-lands, v.liere .several hundred arc annually killcMl by tlie natives." — (Senate, 41st Congress, '_'nd Session, Kx. Doc. No. 32, p. fi.) 5. " About the 20th July the great body of the previous year's Jiups arrive and occujiy tlio slopes with the younger class of males, and tliey continue to be mixed together during tlic remainder of the sea.son. The 2-)'ear-oId females, which pair with the young males in the water )iear the island, also now associate with the other females." — " On Eared Seals," p. 11)2.) 0. " At this stage they [the female pujts] leave the island for the winter, and very few appear to return to the island until they an; 3 years old, at which ago they seek tho males for .sexual inter- course. On the other hand, the males return tho folloMing year with the mature females. . . . But the young females, as already stated, are not seen 1. " Tho pup is nursed by its mother from its birth as long as it remains on the i-slands, the mother leaving the islands at different intcrval.s of time aft(;r tin: pup is 3 or 4 day.-: old." — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol, ii, p. ').) 1'. " By tho 1st Septend-er nearly all the pup.s have learned to swim, and until tin' time of tlieir departui-e from the islands spend tln.'ir lime both on land and in the water, but !)_, far tlie greater portion of thiiir time is si)ent on land." — (United States' Ca.se, Aiijiendix, vol. ii, p. h.) '■'•. " The time they [llie vouug] leave tlie islands is generally the middle of November, but the weallier is the true mark of such dcpaiture, they seeming unwilling to stay after the lir.it snow or sleet comes." — (United Stjites' Case, Appendix, vol. Ii, p. 5.) 4, " I'roviding the conditions were the same on tht islands the year round as tliey are in tho sumuier, and providing the food .siipjily was siilli- cieiit in the immediate vicinity of llie islands, I think the .seals would remain on ur about tho islands during the entire yciir. The seals eviilently consider these islands their bonie, and only leave then, by reason of lack of loo.! and inclement wcathei," — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 5.) ."). " Returning again, this 'i'ne as ' 2-year-old3," the males go upon the hauln.g-grounds with tho bachelor .seals, and the females land on tho breeding rookeries. It is jirobalilc that the females of this age arc fertilizeil by the Imlls, and leave the islands in the fall pregnant."— (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. tj.) (i. " On returning tha third year the young male goes again upon the hauling-grounds, and tho female to the rookeries, where she brings forth one pup." — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 6.) 126 in numbers until they are 3 years old, when they •rrive in the height of the breeding season." — {" Monograph of North American Pinnipeds, pp. 401. 402.) "The masters and officers of these schooners [of the Al.iska Commercial Company], who are familiar with the seals, say they see small groups of small (apparently 1- and 2-year-old) seals at all times during July and August. Tlicse, I think, may be young females, whicli, as already stated, do not visit the island till they are 3 years old." — (" Monograph of Xorth American I'iunipeds, p. 411.) 7. "Copulation, described more fully later, usually takes place in the water." — (" On Eiired Seals," p. 96.) " Owing to the position of the genital organs, however, coition on land seems to be not the natural method, and only rarely, perhaps in tliree cases out of ten, is the attempt to copulate under such circumstances efTectual. In tlio meantime, the 4- and 6-ye;ir-old wales aro in attendance along the shore. When their jealous lord is off his guard, or engaged in driving awuy a rival, the females slip into the vvaUr, wlien an attentive ' bachelor ' seal follows her to a disiancu from the shore. Then brea.st to breast they embrace each other, turning alternately fur each other to bixiathe, the act of copulation sometimes couliuuing from five to eight minutes." — ("On Eared Seals," p. 100.) '• I have seen the male deliberately turn the female on her back and copulate in that manner. This, however, happens move frequently in tho water than on land. It is often observable that while females are landing iu great number.s tlioy come in lieat faster tlian the males on the rookeries can cover them. In such cases some of the females break away and escape into the water to meet fresher and more vigorous mates. It is in this way tl'.at the class of ynung males of 4 or ."> years of age i)erforui a most important service. "Since 1S74, owing to tlie decrease in tlie number of breeding males, a much larger pro- jiortion of the females receive tlie males in the water, so that on any still day after tlie 2Utli .Inly, by taking a canoe and going a little oil shore, con.'iderable numbers may be .seen pairing, and readily approached .so near as to bo fully oliserved. Tliey are then found in single ]iairs, swimming' in circles, sometimes the one, soniitiines the oilier leading. They come together in npiiroaching the surface from below, the male shuiiLiiig on to the back of the female, and firmly clasping lier between his fore-llippcrs. The time of contact is shorter than on land, not exceeding five ininntos, but tho operation is repeated two or three times at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes." — (" Mono- graph of North American Pinnipeds," pp. 405, 400.) " While sufricicntly devclopeil to bo fully able to serve the females, they lack tho physical streugtii to successfully contend for a |ilace on tho rookery. Tlu^y haul up with the bachelors at night, but iluring the day aro in the water swimming along the shore of the rookery, always t'n the alert for the females that seek the water as idiove stated. On meeting tliem they immediately accompany tiiem to a little distance I'lom the slifire, and then perform tlie act of coition. Tho females, after remaining for a Hhort tinu! in tho Water, again return to tlio shore to their former places. The old males, linding they have been served, express their disgust in a most evident 7. " In watching the seals while swimming about the islands I have seen cases where they appeared to be copulating in the water, but I am certain, even if this were the case, that the propagation of the species is not as a rule effected in this way, the natural and usual manner of coition being on land." — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 6.) 127 manner." — ("Monograpliof Xcntli Ameiiciin I'iniii- peds," ]>. .•!8(j.) " .All of tlio seals lietwwii t and tl wins nf ii^e pass a liirye portion of their time iliirini; the iliiy in the water, retiirninf,' to the sliore at nii^'ht. While ill the water they swarm aloui,' the shore of the hree(lin;^-j)laces watchiiiL; for opportunities of matin;.,' with any females tiiat may ihanoe to be in the water." — (" JIonoi,'raph of North Ameri- can rinnipe<ls," p. .'!8.S.) "Owin;_' to the lur^'i^ nnmlier of younf; males constantly in the water about the rookeries, in adililion to the heaeh-masters, all the femah'.s were imprefjuateil before the lOlli August." — ("Mono- graph of North AnuTican I'innipeils, p. MOO.) 8. " As soon as the males in tlu' line nearest the shore jjet each .seven or eight females in their possession, those higlwr up watch their o]iportunity and steal them from them In the average there are about fifteen females to one beach- master." — (" Monograph of Xorth American I'inni- pcds," p. "85.) 9. In his Ih'port to the Secretary of the Treasury, dated the llth October, 187;', Mr. I'.rvant .says;— "The stock of breeding bulls has decreased by loss friim age and other causes .so much faster than thi're has been young seals grown to replace them, that its ]irese)it condition is oidy e(pial to the present demand, and the stock of half-bulls, or those to matuie in the next two year.s, is not sutHcient to meet the wants of the increase in the females. Under the.'^e cin um.stances, 1 feel it my duty to recon)nieud that for the next two years the number of .seals to be taken for their skins be limited to 85,000 jier annum."— (H. «., 44th Con- gress, 1st Session, Kx. ])oc. No. 8;!, p. 178.) " At the usual time, however, 15th June [1873], the rookei ies were occupied by the beach-uuisters, but there were a smaller number to a given area than formerl)', the great body of the reserves of 1809 having lieconie re.! ued one-half." — ("Mono- graph of North American I'innipeds," p. 393.) 1'.' " It was also ar-parent that the killing of so man) half-bidls the two jirevious years had redn: u to a niinimnni the nundier that hovered in the vicinity of the breeding rookeries, keeping t,he hearh-niaste's in contiinial alarm." — (" Mono- graph of North American I'iiniipeds," p. 394.) " The rapid decrease of the reserves, with the atteiiili.nt changes in the movements of the seals, cause.! consiiieraUi^ anxiety. The wise ones among the natives shook their heads ominously, and said they had predicted this from the slaughtering so many half-hulls <Iuriiig the previous three years. I feit this, but could not order dilferently, the Company having ihe right to .select their own animals." — (" Monograph of North American Pinnipeds," p. 395.) "Since 1874, owing to the decrease in the nundier of breeding; mal"s, a much largi'r propor- tion of I'emales receive llu' Miales in the water." — (" Monograiih of Narth American l'iiiiiii)eds," p. 405.) "A residence of sevi'ii successive seasons on the island, ill charge of the.s.' animals, lais furnished me with Ihe ilesirei! o]ipiiiluiuty [or determining this .surplus produc'. by actual study of tlioir habits and re((uirenients, ar..'. *he result is the killing of l(JO,(KlO jier annum ihics not leavo o anllicieiit number of males to mature for the wants of the increase in the number of females." — (II. It,, 44th Congress, 1st Se3.sioii, Kx. Doc. No. 83, p. 17.0.) "Tims it will be .seen the method of killing does [117J 8. " The average seen at one time while I was on the islands was from fifteen to twenty to a bull. ... I am of the opinion that a bull could, if necessary, serve 75 to 100 cows during a season." — (United States' Case, Appendix, voL ii, p. 6.) 9. "During my observation only one class of bachelor seals on the islands showed any deficiency in numbers, and I accounted for tliis fact in my Report to the Secretary of the Treasury, dated the 5th September, 1872, from which I quote :'.... There is now only a deficiency of one class, that of 4- and 5-year-old seals.'" — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 7.) 10. " The whole time I was there there was an ample supply of full-grown vigorous males sullicient for serving all the females on the islands, and every year a surplus of vigorous bulls could always be found about the rookeries awaiting an opportunity to usurp the place of some old or wounded bull, unable longer to maintain his place on the breeding islands."— (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 7.) h 138 not ndmlt of the settinf; apart of a snocial number and taking tlie remaindor for the ijuota for market, and the only ))o.ssilile way to preserve the re(|uisitc number for breedini; purposes is to restrict the number to be killed so far within t lie product as to insiire enouijh escaping; for tliis nbject. When the lease was put in practical operation in 1871, there was a very large excess of breeiling males on hand ; since then this surplus has been diminished by the ilying out of the old seals faster than there has been younger seals allowed to escajjeand grow up to fill their places until the present stock is insutlioient to meet the necessities of the increasing number of lireeding females." — (H. K., 44th Con- gress, 1st Session, Kx. Doc. Xo. 83,' pp. 176, 177.) 11. After referring to a severe gale, accmnpanied with .=:iiow, that swept over the Seal Islands 30th October, 187'!, which drove all the seals into the water, says : " Only a comiiaratively small number returned again to tlic shore. Among these were largo numbers of fi'males which had lost their young, and for several days they went about the breeding-grounds plaintively calling for their pups, in Novendit^r, when the time had amved tor driving the young seals to kill for the supply of winter food for the natives, it was found that only half the n\unber (5,000) requisite for that purpose could be obtained. Undoubtedly great numbers of the young seals which were driveu to the water by tlie storm must have become sepa- rated from their paients and lost." — ("Monograph of Xorth Ati'erican Pinnipeds," p. 397.) " When the sun shines for two or three hours, and tlu^ rocks become heated, tliere are occasional deaths among the beach-masters and very young pups from sunstroke fortunately these occurrences are rare, and it was only in 1874 tliat any appreciable number were lost from this cause. That year many young seals died al)out the 1st of August." — (" Monograph of Xortli American Pinnipeds," p. 408.) 12. "These haiding-grounds are swept, and driven two or tbree times a-week during the months of June and Jul}', and the prime seals culled out for killing, and every seal growing up has to run this gauntlet for his life his .second, third, and fourth yaar, before he esca]ie^< to grow up as a breeding bull." — (11. I!., 44tii Congress, 4tli .Session, Kx. Doc. No. So, p. 17C.) 13. "These beaches occu])ied by tlit intermediate ages, from 1 to (i years, together with the few superannuated ones. . . . These seals, as thev iie on the beaches, are surprised by the huntei-s, cut olf from the water, and drivcni inlanil in droves to the salt-houses, where they are sejmrated into groups of sixty or seventy at a time and surrounded by the sealers with their clubs. Under the direction of the Chief, the prime seals are selected and killed, and those too young or too old an- idlowed to go into the water and return to the hauhng- UTound a ;ain." — (II. li., 41th Congress, Ist Sessioti, 'tux. Doc. No. 83, p. 176.) n. " I do not think that while I '.^as there I saw in any one season titty deai! pi./s ( ■ the rookeries, and the majority of dei u pop' "Vv •• along the shore, having been kiil. ?": Kv iJ,, " — (United States' Case, Appendix, mi. ., \j, 'ii./ 12. "Tlie driving and killing of bachclc a;..i!« was always carried on in the most carefu mii i.'fi-, and during my stay upon the >lands i.to •tim practically no injury caused to scjv' life by o.or driving Kedriving of tne (;ro,-in!; malet. from the various haiiling-grounds was u.alu at intervals of several days, and did not cause them any injury ; and I am thoroughly satisfied that there was not a single instance in which the vitiUity of a seal wivs destroyed or impaired by redriviug." -- (United States' Case, Appendix II, )). 8.) 13. " In all cases, at suitable intervals and before driving to the killing-ground, the herd was lialtcil, and the males tif 5 years iild or older we' i allowed to escajK'.' — (Lnited States' Case, A', adix li, p. 8.) .•\ *-u^, ■ 139 Slcplum N. Buynitaky (1870-72). 1. " They [tlie natives] subsist mostly on cod and halibut and every description of fisli they can find. They dry and preserve it for winter." — (H. I'., 50th Congress, 2nd Session, Ticport No. 3883, p. 12.) 1. " At the time I was on the islands I do not think tlierc were any fish at all witiiin .3 miles of the islands, and that tlie .seals to feed had to go farther than that from the laud. The belief is founded on statements made me by natives on the islands and also from tliu fact that fresh fish were seldom eaten npon the islands." — (United States* Case, Appendix II, p. 21.) Eennj A. GlUlden (1882-85). 1. " Q. Wliat do you say about the increase or diminution of the nuudii.'r of seals on the rookeries of St. Paul and St. Geor;^o ? — A. I did not notice any change, but they vary in difl'erent years, in St. George particularly. . . . T coidd not see any particular difference." — (H. I!., .lOtli Congress, 2nd Session, Keport No. 3883, p. 27.) 2. Does not speak of dead pups before Com- mittee ou Merchant Marine and Fisheries, in 1888, but in answer to "Do you know any- thing of seals being killed in the water by unauthorized persons ?" says " No, Sir."- — (H. ]{., 50th Congress, 2nd Session, licport No. 3883, p .26.) 3. " Q. I would ask whether there are not traduig-vessels which buy skins ? — A. Yes, Sir, and sti'al skins ; that is the great trouble wo had — to watch marauders. That was more trouble than anytliing else." — (11. It., 50th Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 20.) " Q As agent of the Government, were you charged with the duty of looking after violations of the laws of the United States in liehring Sea by vess(;ls and othei-s ? — A. Yes. " Q. Was there miich trouble in this respect? — A. Yes, Sir ; a good detil sometimes. Q. ]>y foreign vcs-sels, by hunters of our country as well as foreigners ? — A. Yes, Sir. There have been a number cai)tmixl there. ■' Q. What is thi^ nuest of these hunters ? Do they hunt in the open seas, or do they attempt to hunt (Ui these islands ? — A. They come to seal islands in the night — on moonlight nights. AVe took a vessel loaded with seals while they were on tiu! islands. Wo got intt) the vessel and took possession nf it while they were on the islands killing seals." — (II. I!., 50th Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 28.) 1. " I am unablo to state whether the seals in- creased or nut during my residence on St. Paul, Ijut they certainly did not decrease, except, per- haps, there was a slight decrease in 1884." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 109.) 2. " I never noticed or examined dead pups on the rookeries before 1884, the number being so small, but that year examined them In my juuj,ment they were starved to death because their mothers had been killed while away from the islands in search of food." — (United States' Case, p. 110.) 3. " Ilaids on the rookeries by marauders did not, while I was on the islands, amount to anytliing, and certainly seal life was not affected to any extent by such incursions. I only knew of one raid upon St. I'aul Island while I was there. It wa.s a Japanese vessel, and they killed about 100 seals, the carca-sses of which we found on board when we captured the seals." — (United States' p. 111.) Gcorijc Wardinan (1881-85). .\l'tcr having tohl the <'nmmitteo in 188.''! that he had meas\ued all tlio rookeries carefully, Wardmau was asked — " Q. Ho you put it [the ninnber of .seals] at the same nuiabors annually f " — A. Aliout. 1 think the breeding seals on the rookeries eoaie in about the .same uuniliers.' — (II. It., Slltli Congre.s-S, 2nd Session, liepoii No. oSH3, ]i. li'.l.) No refertMiee to inerea.-ie anywhere in evidence before lluubu of Kepresenlalivus Conmiittee. liaid.s referred to in II. It. Itcport No. 3883, SOlh Congress, 2ud Session, pp. .'il, 35, 38, 39. " r made careful examination of the rookeries each year, and after the first year I compared my yearly observations, so that I miglit arrive at some conclusion as to whether it was possible and expe- dient to increase our portion of the quota of skins to be taken on St. George Island without inju- riously atlecting .seal lift then". I am satisfied, from my oliservations, that the breediug-grounda on St. George covered greater areas in 1884 than in 1881, and that seal life materially increased between those dates." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 178.) No mcution is made of raids in printed atU- davit. 130 W. B. Taylor (1881). 1 . "So far as our observation went, and from wliat wo knew from infoiniatiun (ibtaim.'il from those who hail lieen tliere a number of years, tlie rookerie,« were at this time [1881]aboul as full as they ever were." — (H. I!., uOth Congress, linil Session, Keport No. 3883, p. 44.) 2. " Q. Wlien does the youn^' seal first pi to the water? — A. I do not think I ean be aeeiirate in any statement as to that; I did know." — (H. I!., ;• b Congress, L'nd Session, Kejidrl Xo. ;I88.'.1, p. 1 ■J. lines young seals will come about tlie village s playful, .so far as anything of that kind is t .rned, as a cat or d<ig would lie, but of couwe you cannot domesticate tliem, because they will not cat anything oul.side of the sua." — (II. 1!., ,"iOth Congress, Und Session, IJeport No. 388.1, p. 00.) 4. " I believe that the capacity of the bull seal is limited the same as any nlher animal, and 1 liavc frequently connteil from thirty to thirty-live, and even at one time forty-two cows with one bull. 1 think if there were nuire bulls lliere would be less cows to <me bull, and in tlial way the increase would be < leatcr than now." — (H. I!., .'JOth Con- gress, 2nd Ses.'iion, Keport Xci. 3883, \i. oi),) 5. '"Tliese vessels will take occasion to hang around the islands, and when there is a heavy fog to go to tiie rookeries. Aery often .... As it is to-day these vessels come and kill 5,000, 10,000, 15,000 seal every year." — H. li., 50th Congress, 2ud Session, Keport No. 3883, p. .^4.) 1. "From carefully obser\'ing the grounds formerly occupie<l liy breeding se.iLs, as pointed out to me bv th natives, and from statements made me by those on the island, I believe there were more ^eals on the islands in 1881 than in any one year ])revions to that tune." — (United States' I'asc, vol. ii, p. 17C.) 2. " From my oU^Jcrvations I am convinced that a pu]) must be tj or 8 weeks old before it can swim." — (United States' Ca.se, vol. ii, p. 17C.) 3. "T believe that a seal is naturally a land animal." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 17U.) 4. " It is my opinion that a bull is able to servo three to five cows a-day, and certaiidy over 100 a .season." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 177.) 0. "There was but one raid on the rookeries while I was there, and that took place on Otter Island" — (United Slates' Case, vol. ii, p. 177.) T. F. Morgan (18C8-C9, 1874-87). 1. " Q. Were the rookeries in the last years of your visit as full as in the beginning ? — A. Tliere is a larg<- increase in tlie number of animals .since 1868, when I first went there. There is a large increa.se since 1874, when 1 went back. The breeding roukeries occupy more territory than they did tlien." [Evidence given in 1888.] — (11. K,. "lOth Congriss, 2nd .Session, lieport No. ".88:1, pii. 08, ti!i.) " Q. Then tlie result of your observalions is that there has been an increase in numbers ? — A. Yes, Sir."— (II. Ii., .JOth Congress, 2iid .Session, Report No. 3883, p. 72.) "There is no ijueslioii but what these schooners have had an efleel ujion the rookeries in the la.st three years in the difference in the way the seals arrive There is no question in my mind but *hal a very large jiercentage (jf tliose animals taken near the shore are females." — (II. 11., ."iOtli C(jiigress, 2nd Session, Keport No. 3883, p. 71.) Nothing said here or anywhere else in evidence of dead pups being a resultant of the killing at eea. They ore nowhere mentioned. 1. " In 1S85, and in every year thereafter \intil I left in 1887, there was a marked decrease in the number of marketable skins that could be obtained in each year during the seiiling season. We were able down to the last year [1887] to get our total catch of 100,000 seals, but in crder to get that number we hiul to take what in previous years we would have rejected, namely, undersized skins, t.c, the skins of young seals. In the years 1880, 188G, and 1887 my attention was attracted not only to a diininution in tlie number of killablc seals iqipeariiig on the island, but to a decrease in the females as well. Up to 1884 the breeding- space in the rookeries had increased, and from that year down to 1887, when I left the island, the acreage covered by the rookeries which were occupied by seals constantly diminished." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, pp. 03, 04.) " From the year 1884 down to the period when I left St. tieorge Island there was a marked in- crease in the number of dead pups, amounting, perhaps, to a trebling of the numbers observed in former years, so that I would estimate the number of dead pu])s in the year 1887 at about 5,000 or 7,000 as a maximum." Attributes mortality to killing of mothers, — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 04) 181 H. H. Melntyre (1870-89). 1. "The seals are found indiscriminntely on the two islands ; that is, seals born on St. George are found at St. Paul, and vice vcrsd." — (H. R., uOlli CongTR.ss, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 128.) 2. Except in the vague a.ssumption that when females are killed their young die, no reference is made in '■ Fur-Seal Fisheries of Alaska " to dead pups being found on rookeries. 3. " We liad then [1873-82], and at all times until the marauding was actually engaged in, a large surplus of animals froiu which to make our selection. After 1883 [until 1882 .jizes right, see above] the sizes decreased, and have constantly decreased ever since." — (H. It,, oOtli Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 118.) •I. "The fact is tlint the bachelor seals may be found to-day upon a certain rookery, and at another time u]ioii aiiotlicr place. The result is the same animals, in many insti'.nees, have bi;en counted two or three timos." — (11. R., flOlh Con- gress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, ji. 11(3.) (See Morgan, II. R., fiOlh ('ongre.s,s, 2iul Session, Report No. 3883, i)p. 71, 72, as to change in rookeri(.'S and liauling-ground.'f.) "i, "After 1883 tiw. sizes decreased, and have constantly decrea.sed eviir since." — (H. I!., oOth Congress, 2nd Session, [deport No. 3883. p. IIS.) And still the lOO.OUO were taken every year. 'Q. To what do you attribute this diminution in the size of the skins taken ? — A. To the !aet tliat after turning back our breeiit-rs a sullicient number of large male seals cannot be had on the islands to mcel the rccpiircnients of our tmde." — (II. R,, 50tli Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 119.) Ci. " There are at present [1888] in my opinion, too few bull seals to keep the rookeries up to their best condition." — (II. R, OOtb Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 117.) " When we arc left only exactly the number of bulls we need, and a few even of these are kiUed, it comiilelely upsets our calculations, with the result of leaving too few of tliis class of animals to secure tlie full productiveness of tlu! nuikeries." — (II. It., 50th Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 3883, p. 130.) 1. "The seals are migratory and return, as I believe, after migration to the vicinity and probably to the ground or rookery on which they were born." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 40.) 2. Reference is made to dead pups having been fouiul on the I'ribyloff Islands in 1880, 1887, and 1888.— (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 51). 3. " In my judgment such depletion was caused by pelagic sealing, and that it grew greater from year to year as the number of so-called poaching- schoonc^'S increased; and that its eflects began to manifest theniselvi'S about 1885 or 1880." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 40.) " During the three years following 1882, namely, 1883, 1884, and 188:>,1 was not upon the islands; that upon my return to said islands in 1880 I noticed a slight shrinkage in the breeding areas, but am unable to indicate the year of the period of my absence in which the decrease of breeding seals began." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 45.) " Up to 1882 there was no difficulty in pro- curing the required number of seals." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 45.) "This number [100,000] was easily secured everj' year from 1871 to 1885, and at the same time a constant increase in the .seal rookeries was observed " (p. 48.; 4. "Yet their [the seals'] habits are so well defined and unvarying that it is an easy matter to determine wbeliier they increases or decrea.se from year to year, because tliey alvays occufiy tin; same portions of certain beaclies, and simply expand or contract the boundaries of the rookeries as they become more or less numerous." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, ]). 48.) 5. " I left the rookeries in 1882 in their fullest and lu'st condition, and found them in 1880 already slunvini; sliglit falling-off, and experienced that year for the lirst time .some diHic\dty in securing ,just the class of animals in every ca.se that we desired. We. however, obtained the full catch in that ami the two following years, .... but were oliliged, particularly in 1888, to content ourselves with snudlcr skins than we had hereto- fore taken." — (United States' Case, vol ii, p. 51.) 6. " While I was located upon the islands there was at all times a greater luunber of adult male 3(iels than was necessary to fertilize the females who hauled upon said nidkeries, and there was no time when there were not vigorous bulls on the rookeries who wen; unable to obtain female con- sorts." — (United States' Case, vol. ii, p. 45.) 1117] :m 1S2 J. H. MouUon (1877-85), " i think liiiiiiij; llio tirsl live year.-. [l.SV7-^i2] I WHS lIiLTf tliuri! WHS i\n iiuTi'iisf. ami iliii'iiij; tlic lust tliifi! vt'iil's |liS.Sy-Sn), tlnro was im in- cToa.se." — (II. K., uUtli ('i>iiijre.ss, 2i]il Sfs.sioii, Ki'iKiit No. ;>88;i, 1). 255.) J Iocs not lofur to dead jjiips in rvidciice Iji'lbru Coinniitttiu. " Wliilo on St. I'aiil Island [1881-84] I do not think tlic niindji'V of soi.ls increased, and iu llie last year (1884) I tliink there wa.s a .^lij^lit decrease. " — United States' Ciiso, Ajiiieudix, vol. ii, V. 71.) " On St. I'aul Island 1 never saw any dead jinps to anu)niit to anything until 1884, and llien the uuniher was 411110 liolieealile." — (United States Case, Ajipendix, vol. ii, p. 71.) Joseph Murray (1889-92). Uolonel Jfurrav, in a letter addressed to Mr. Coff, and dated the ."1st July, 1800, after ilescriliint; a nicctim.; held hy llie natives <in St. tieiirLjo Island fnr the purpose of disenssinj; tlie i.'unses thiit lead to the ileerease in the nundier of seals on that island, says: "The ini'etiuj,' was adjourned Ironi time U< time until tliey had thoroujihly discussed the most important (pU'stions raised, and at the last meeting, lu'ld L':!rd May, they unanimously declared that it was their lirm helief and honest opinion that the seals hiul diminished, and would continue to diminish from year to year, hiicau.se all the male seals had Ijeen slaughtered witlaait allowing any to grow to maturity for use on the hreeding-ground. I made a note of the suggestion on tlie jonriuil of that day, and I am now fully convinced hy jiersonal ohservatio' that it is o'dv t(JO true, and that the natives were correct in every particidar." — (Senate, 50th Congress, 2nd Session, E.\. Uoc. No. 49, p. 8.) " There is only one great ca\ise of the decrease of the fur-.'^eid, and tliat is the killing of the females liy iiclagio hunting. During my observa- tions in 189(1 1 was led I' 'elieve tliat tlie decrease was jiartly cine to the la^ :f hulls on the breeding rookeries, and I so rejioiled to .\geiit Goll'; hut after thoroughly investigating tlu^ .-.iihject the next year b}- daily visits to the breeding-gionnds of the several rookeiies, where I saw nearly every cow with a iiiip by her side, and hundreds of vigorous bulls withiuit any cows, I came to the conclusion that there was no truth in the theory, and that it was the cows that were scarce and .steadily decreasing." — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 74.) (Note. — This reference applies to St. Paul Island, the earlier one to St. George Island.) C/ittrto^l. (7o/(lS89-90). "We clnsed the season hy turning away 86 per cent, [of the seals driven], a fact which proves to every impartial mind that we were re-driving the yearlings, and, eonsidering the nunihcr of .skins obtained, that it was impossible to secure the number allowed by the lease, that we were merely torturing the young seals, injuring the future life and vitality of the breeding rookeries, to the detriment of the lessees, ::ntives, and the Government." — (Senate, 50th Congress, 2nd Ses- flion, Ex. Doc. No. 90, p. 5.) " It is evident tiiat the many preying I'vils upn seal life, the killing of the .seals in tlu! I'acilic Ocean along the Aleutian Islands, and as they come through the ])a.4ses to the Behring Sea, by the pirates in these water.s, and the indiscriminate slaughter upon the islands, regardh.'ss of the future life of the breeding rookeries, have at last with their combined destructive ]iowcr reduced these rookeries to their present impoverished con- dition." — (Senate, 50th Congress, 2ud Session, Ex. Doc. No. 90, p. 6.) " The prosperity of these world - renowned rookeries is fast fading away under tin; jn-csent annual catch allowed by law, and this indiscreet slaughter now being waged in these waters will only hasten the end of the fur-seals of the rribyloff Islands." — (Letter from Mr. Goff to Mr. Windom, dated St. Paul Island, Alaska, 31st Jidy, 1889.) "A few seals are injured by re-driving (often conflicted with over-driving, and sometimes so called), but the number so injured is inconsider- able, and could have no appreciable cfTect upon seal life tlmaigh destroying the virility of the male." — (United States' Case, Appendix, voL ii, p. 113.) " I believe that the sole cause of the decrease is pelagic sealing, which, from reliable information, I understand to have increased greatly since 1884 or 1885." — (United States' Case, Appendix, vol. ii, p. 112.) 138 C. A Williams. " It was Ruppnsod at that time [I'arly in tim Russian n'gimi;] that tli(_- cniinnciicuiiu.'nt of seal lil'e on tim Ishmds of IVIiring and Ou]ipur pro- bably took ])lace liy reason of ihi' iniliscriininatu killinj; on tlioso islands [I'liliyh/lfJ diverting; the seal from tlieir iisnal haniits, ami niakinj^ llieni seek some other localities. " Q. Was there a lar^e nuniljer of seals which left tlio I'rihyhilf grouii and VMMit over to the Russian islands 1—A. You could hardly expect them to go in a hody. There had hardly hcen sealing or seal life to any extent on the Com- mander Islands of Copper and Behring. It had not attracted the attention of the Russians, but after the indiscriminate killing on the Islands of St. i'aul and St. George, it was noticed that seal life increased rapidly on the other islands, and the supposition is a natural one that thi^y were diverted from the islands on whicli they liad heretofore been undisturbed, and souglit other places." — (H. R., SOlh Congress, 2ud Session, Re- port 3883, pp. 77, 78.) "Tlioro is no intermingling of the two herds of llic l.'ribylolf and Coamiander ishmds ; may be so readily dislingnislied IVom each otiier tliat an expert wouhl have no dilllculty in at once tlirow- ing out from tho catch taken on the Commander Islands any skins of the I'ribylofl" herd ; and deponent understands, from persons who have had long e.xperienciMn tlie examination of the liviuL; animals, that the two lierds .so diifer as to belon:< to separate species of the same genu.s, and can readily be distinguished from each other." — (United Stales' Case, Aiipei'dix, vnl. ii, p. -"i:}?.) ( 134 ) Report by Mr. J. M. Maconn on Observations made by him in i8g2, particularly upon the Pribyloff Islands. No. 1. The Marquis of Salisbury to Mr. Macoun.* Sir, Foreig7i Office, May 13, 1892, I HAVE to inform you that you hare been solectod by Ilcr Majesty's Govorn- mcnt to proceed to the Pribyloff Islands during the prosinit sealing season for tbe purpose of making furtber observations and inquiries upon points on which information is required for tbe preparation of tbe British Case in the Behring Sea Arbitration. Application has been made to the United States' Government for permission to you to visit and reside upon the Seal Islands, as stipulated in Article IV of the Convention signed at "Washington on the 18tli April, of which a copy is inclosed herewith, for your information. A letter of permission for this purpose, addressed to the United States' authorities on tbe islands, has been delivered to Uer Majesty's Minister at Washington, and by him forwarded to the Governor-General of Canada, from whom yon will receive it. You will also receive from him instructions as to your movements and proceedings, the payment of your expenses wliile employed on this duty (which M'ill be defrayed by the Govei'nment of the Dominion), tlie points to which your inquiries and obsei'va- lions should be directed, and the transmission of your Reports to him. You will pay particular attention to any suggestions or requests which you may n.'ceive from Sir G. Badcn-l'owcll and Dr. Dawson, Her Majesty's Commissioners for inquiring into the conditions of seal life in Behring Sea, and will forward to them any information which they may recjuire, either directly or through the Governor-General as may be deemed most convenient. Arrangements are being made for your conveyance to the Seal Islands on board one of Her ilajesty's ships, but upon this point you will receive detailed information from the Governor-General. I am, &c. (Signed) SALISBURY. No. 2. Mr. Macoun to the Earl of Rosebery. My Loi'd, Foreign Office, January U, 1893. I HAVE the honour to report to your Lordship that, in accordance with instructions contained in a letter dated the 13th May, addressed to me l)y the Marquis of Salisbury, I, on tlu; 5th .Tune, 189:2, embarked on Her Majesty's ship " Nymphe " at Victoria, 13ritisli Columbia, and proceeded to Unalaska I at that place joined Iler ^lajesty's ship " ilelpomcne." and was taken to St. Paul Island, one of the Pribyloff group, where I landed on the 30th June. In accordance with Article IV of the Convention between Great Britain and the United States of America, permission to land on the islands had bc-.i sent me by the Secretary of the Treasury Department of the United States. Quarters were assigned nic in the bouse occupied by the agents of tlie North American Commercial Company, and during my stay on the Pribylolf Islands both the agents of the United States' Government and of tlie Company gave me much valuable information and assisted me in many ways in the prosecution of my work. During the months of July and August sev> / short cruices were made by me * III extension ul' short instructiona lent to Canada, April 9, 1892. 135 on Ih'i- .Miijcsty's sliijis " ^rclprniiono " and " Paplinc " iMtlicr I)et\vcpn St. Paul and St. (i(!oryu Islaiiils, or Ijofweoii tlicsi; islands anil rnalaska, and one cruizo of a week was niadi! for the <■) pccial piii'posc of studyinjj; tlic habits of seals ut sea ; but the; greater part of these two months was spent on the Prihyloff Islands in studying the habits of the seals and in nialiing observations and intiuiries upon jioints upon wliich further information Avas re(|uiicd for the preparation of the British Case in the Behring Sea Arbitration. The last week of August and first weeks of Sej)tcnibei' were spent in .1 eruizo to the westward on Jler Majesty's ship " ]\rel])oinene," during which T visited the Commander Islands and [jrocured infurniation to supplement that obtained by the IJritish Counnissioners in ]8'J]. After another visit to St. Paul Island in September [ returned io Vietoria, reaching that i)lace on the 2.')(h Heptember. Before leaving the Piibyloff Islands the Special Agents of the I'nited States' Treasury Department j)repared fin- me Tables sliowiiig the number of seals that had up to the date of my departure been killed for natives' food. These Tables T have the honour to inclose for your Lin-dsbip's information. JJuring the whole season it was important that when the work had been done in one place I should bi; at once conveyed to another, and though Captain A. Chase Parr, Iler ilaj(>sty's ship " Jlelponuine," the Senior Olllcer detailed for service in Bidu-ing Si'u, had no delinite instructions to that effect, he was good enough to consult my wishes on this and otluT matters, and arranged that there should be at no time any delay. "Without his active (!o-operatioii nineh valuable information would have been lost, and it Avould have been impossibh' to carry out my instructions as fully as I Avas enabled to do. Whatever success may have attended my inquiries is due in great measure to the assistance rendered me by Captaui Parr. In regard to the iiujuiries I was instructed to make, I have the honniu' to transmit my IJeiwrt herewith tor your Lordship's hiformation. I have, &e. (Signed) J AS. 'M. :\rACOUN. Inclosure in No. 2. Report. PURSUA.iST to instructions, I embarked on the Canadian Government steamer "Quadra" at Victoria, Jh'itish Colundna, on the !)th :ilay, lS9i', and. after calling at Carmannah and Cape Beat, readied the l']ast Ilaycoek Islands at about ."> o'clock on the mornijig of the 11th Alay. These islands are a part of the Scott group, and lie otf the north-west part of Vancouver Island, in north latitud<' .'jO'' IfS' and west limgitude 128° 17'. I visited them in one of the ship's boats, and found the main island to rise perpendicularly fron^ the water to a height of aliout 80 feet. The sea was too rough to jieniiit of our landing, so that no esamiiiation of it could be made for the purpose of searching for cvid(>iiee of seals having hauled out there. Several small rocks lie to the eastward of the larger island, and in the surf by one of these a few fur-s<;iis were seen, one an old bull, the otlunx either females or young males. Near a small rock lo the westward of the larger island ottu-r fur-seals were seen, either females or young males. About one-third of a mile to the westward of this small rock were two larger ones, the nearer rising about 20 feet from tilt! water, the farther about 10 i'eit. These were covered with sea-lions, there being not less than .")00 on the llrst and SOO on the second. West Haycock Island lii'S about 5 miles west by norib. of ICast JIaycock Island, and is shown on the Admiralty Charts to be 180 feet in height. It was approached from the north, and at thai end we saw several fur-seals, about .-i dozen in all. A landing was ell'eeted alone ])laceon this island, but no examination of it could be made, as it was impossible li» walk along the shon- at that place, and the heavy surf prevented our landing elsewlujre. The western side of the island was, liowcver, followed in the boat for its entire length, about one-third of a mile, and fur-seals were seen all along it in groups of two or three, while at the southern end there was a group of eight or t(!n. These seals did not swim out to sea, but kept along shore, or eseajjcd through sonit! of the rocky channels that separate the islets that liin it. A certilicate to the above elfeet was signed by the men who were in the boat .'i^'' me at this time, several of wliom were familiar with fur-seals ami their habits, and is a2)pended lo this Beport. 1117J 2 N 136 A portion of AVcst ITiiyi-ock rslaiid and (ill Ihi' islets that surround it are Buited I'or the hauliui;i;-out of seals, as, while tluM'c is no bcacli and th(> shoros arc steep and rocky, tho summits of th', islets may easily ho reached by the seals. It s(!om8 very i)robable that seals may liuul-out there, hul it \\as at the time of my visit too early iu the season for them to Iiave done so, and when next I passed these islands, late in S(>ptcmber 1892, tho weather was so rouijli that we could not yo within several miles til' them. Triangle Island lies about V2 miles to tin; north-westward of AVest Ilayeock Island, and was visited the same day (11th May), but a landing could be effected in one jilace only. At this place the skull of a fur-seal was found. It lay several feet above high-water mark, but no other part of the skeleton could be dise(>vered. The animal to which it belonged luay have been blown ashore during a storm, hut no drift wood was found as high above t!-e water. Alany hair-seals and fur-seals were seen about the islands, but more of the fornn-r than of the latter. The following day (li'th ilay) Virgin Jlocks of the sea-otter gnnip were reached. These lie iu north latitude oi" Ki' and west longitude ]2S° 15', and consist of a number of rocks, the largest less than ."iO feet in height, and not over 100 yards in length ; the extreuu! northern and .southern isli.'ts or rucks are abcnit half-a-niile apart. The one furthest to the south was visited first, and was found to be covered with sea-lions — several hundred of them. The largest island was theu ai)i)roached, and as the sea-lions by which it also was covered did not take alarm, a careful estimate was made of their number. The lowest eoniit by any one in the boat was 2,000, so that I may safely .say that there were at least that many there. No fur-seals were seen at that place or at i'earl Itocks and Watch lloek of the same group, which were afterwards visited. These rocks are in every way suitable for the hauling-out of seals, hut tlie ground is quite oecujiicd by sea-lions. On the i;?th !May the "Quadra" struck a sunken I'ock at tho entrance! to Ttosc Harbour, at the south end of Queen Charlotte Island, and shortly afterwards sank. Prom Itose JIarbour I went in oue of the ship's l.ioats to Tnvcr'iess, at the mouth of the Skeena Itive.'r, whence passage was procured to A'ietoria. I met at Inverness the Kev, !Mr. CoUinson, for many years a missionary among the Indians on that part of the coast, lie told me that the Indians sonietinies saw fur-seals a long way up I'ortland Canal, and that in February 18^50 a great many young seals wore taken there. In the description of the Seal llocks in Portland Canal in the "British Columbia Pilot" occurs the following: " Alany i'ur-seals seen on this cluster, August 1SG8."* Mr. Collinson had himself caught a fur-seal on the shore near JMasset, Queen Cliarlottc Islands, in lM>bruary ; it lived three days. Indians, he said, often saw th(;m ashore near that ])lace. i reaclicd A icforia the 2 tth ^iay, and while there !Mr. Alnnsie told me that having heard iliat seals W(n'e abundant north (/f the I'rench Frigale Isltrnds in tin; early winter months, he dispatched a schooner- tlie " .Mary Taylor" — on a cruize in these latitudes in November for the {)ur])ose of taking seals. The eaplain reported to him that between north latitude 30 and 40", and in about the longitude.' of tho SandAvich Islands, seals were .scon lor six weeks — in the latter jiart of S'ovemher and December — but that the weather was too rough to permit of a boat being lowered, and no idea could be formed of the number of seals that might be found in fine wcathor. The chart on which the track of the " Mary Taylor " was laid down was shown me, and I saw that that part of it referred to by Air. Munsie was marked to show that seals had been seen there. 1 was delayed there until the r)th .Tunc, when I embarked on Her Alajesty's ship " Nymplie," her Captain having been instrueti-d to convey me toUnalaska. The first seals were seen, on the vo\age northward, (1th Juno oil Clayo(jaot Sound, A'ancouver Island, and mitil we arrived at Aliddlcton Island (16th Juni;) seals in greater or loss numbers were seen every day, though the loss of time consequent on the wreck of the " (Quadra " resulted in my being quite too late to follow the main migration of seals to the northward and westward, as I had hoped to do. I landed at Aliddloton Island and examined its shori^ thoroughly, but found no fuv-seals there, nor any trace of their ever having been tliore. AVhile at this island two hair-seals were shot from a steam-cutter, and though the boat was not easy to turn, both floated until they were secured. Having heard that Port Etches, [linchenbrook Island, had been chosen as a rendezvous by the sealing schooners, that i)lace was next visited. Seven schooners were found there, and I spent part of ICth -Tune and the whole of 17th and 18lh .lune in obtaining information from the hunters on these vessels. All Avero quite willing to • Soo foot-note, |i. 464. 137 answer quostions, and f nscortaincd it to bo tlioir opinion tliiU; tlic srals lind liccn found at. sea in i^rnati'i- nnniljors aloiiij tin- coast in this s[irini,' (ISI):.*) Iliaii ever bol'ori); tliat inoi'c males liiid lioon taken than fcniali's ; and tliat, inclndiiii,' tlio losses of iiu'X|)ei'i('ncpd hunters, not o iinr cent, of the; whoji! niiinhiT of seals killed or l)adiy wounded are lost. Troni aetnal fif^ures ;,'iven me hy tliese liunters individually I jjrepared a 'I'Mhlc, and found that the nuinher lost by them, hy sinking before they could be recovered, was b<;t\veen 2 and IJ per cijnt. On one of the schooners, the " Dora Sieward," there was a youn^ fui--seal that had beiMi cut from its mother; it was at that time eii^ht days old. At my re(iuest it was placed in the water. Tt swam about the schooner, at tempt iuLf to elinib U]) th(! side, but alter six minutes its head bei;aii to sink, and when eii;lit minutes in tlm M'ater its mouth went under, and it was then takrn on boarii the si'hoon(;r. 1 learned at Victoria, several months later, that it had livi'il f^mrleeu days only. Wc left I'ort ]']tches on th(! eveninj^ of ISth.Tuiu.', and reached Unalaska 25th June. Thoui^h seals were in no place al)undant, a few were seen every day. After !i short stay .at TTnalaska, f went on board JTer Majesty's ship " Melpomene," and was laruhul at St. I'anI Island liOth .T\inc, wliere f was ^'iven ((uarti-rs by the aijents of the North Amerii-an Commercial (;(>m[)Mny, ;ind every facUity was olfered me by th(>m and the Sjjccial Aijents of the United Slates' Treasury Department for tlio prosecution of my work. T remained on St. Paul Island examinin;^ the rookeries there, and closely studyiu!^ the habits of the seals, until the llth July, when T again embarked on the ship "Melpomene," and rcatdied (Jnalaska the following; day. LearninLj tliere that the United States' erui/.er " Mohican " would start for S*' Geori^e Island the next day, I cd)tained passaijo on her, and was landed on that isla.id the I tth July. ]''oui' days were spent there, and, in company with Mr. J. Stanley Brown, then in (diari^e of the, I'ribylolT Islands for the United States, I visited all the rookeries and haulini^-grouiids on that island. I arrived at Unalaska airain on thclOth July.'aud was joined thi;re Iiy ^tr. ^laynard, of \ ietcria, British Columbia, who had been enipu;ed to take a s(Maes df pluit'ii^raplis for tlje i)ur[)Ose of showing the condition of the rookeries andhaulini^-grourKls in ls!)2, "\A'ith him I returned to St. Paul Island, and on the mornin;; of the 22nd Jidy the llrst pbotou'raphs were taken. All the rookeries lial been j)hof(iL,'raphed by the 28th .lidy; and on that day Mr. ^laynard and I were tak(;n to St. Oeori^e Island, wherelivo days Mere spent, and all the rookeries on that island were also photoL;;rai)hed. On the l?r(l AugusI If.^I.S. " ilelponiene " called for us, and on tlie evening of that day ^Ir. ^Maynard was- landed on St. Paul Island, while I remained on the '■ .Mel])omciie." The following week was spent in cruizing to the westward and noi'thward of St. Paul Island, for the purpose of determining at what distances fronv tlie islands seals were found in tlio greatest numbers. I retiu'iieil to St. I'aul Island on the 10th xVugust, and from that date until the 2'th August my time was oceui)ied in noting the change in the formation of the rod .m , and the number of seals upon them, and in recording all facts of importance ici; • : / to .seal life that came under my notice. Mr. ^laytiard during this time was employed in taking a last series of photographs, for the purpose of showing the increased area occupied by .seals as the season advanced. i[.i\I.S. " Dajdmo" then conveyed ^Ir. ^faynard and myself to Unalaska, where I rejoined the " Meljioniene," M'liile ^Ir. ^laynaril relumed to Victoria. Had W(!ather ke]it the " .Melpomen(>" in Unalaska ov(n'tti(! 2l')th August, Imt on the morning of llie 27th we start(>d on a crtuzc to the westward. No si-als went svon af(er passing the T72nd meridian, but this was not to be wondered at, as wo encoun- tered a succession of gales which caused s\ich a heavy sea that it was almost im[)os- siblc to stand upon the deck of the ship; and though we cruized two days not far to th(! southward of the Commander Islands, and a whole day between Copper and ll(diring Islands, not a seal was even there scon iu the water by any one. A landing was effected on the 3rd September at Xikolski village, Pehring Island. No l?e]iresenta(iv(! of the Pussian (lovcrnraent was then on lliat island, bul I liad a long interview with the agent of the I-'ur Company. Lie told me that about tin- usual number of skins had been taken, 32,000, 10,000 on each island, ami that lie believed there was no decrease in the number of seals on Behring Island, though .M. Llrobnitsky (the Govenimcnt Supiirintendcnt of the islands, then absent) had told him that on Copper Island a decrease had been noted. Tlie first sealing schooners had been seen about the islands almost as soon as the seals had appeared, and had continued taking seals the whole summer. I was informed by 138 the nircnt that muoli hcttcM- skins were taken onHohriiig Islaurl than on Copper Island, tho8i! rrom Ihc hitter ishiiul .-ivera^'in!^ from to 8 lbs. only in weiirht. Other facts learned at this jilaec will h(! referred to under their proper headiMt,^s. iVom ]5elirin<; Island we went to KaraLjinski Island, in latitude 0!)°, lonj^itiide 101° ;{()' east, (ireat nnnihers of hair-seals and young sea-I ions were seen in the vicinity of this island, hnt no fur-seals. Wc were nnalile, however, on account of continued stormy weather, to go within •") miles of the island. On the return trip to St. Paul Island we again encountered such had weather that no look-out (!0uld ho kept for seals. While the ship was laid to, between neon and 5 p.ai. on the flth September, many fur-seals were, however, seen swimminf al)i)ut in all directions. Tlin shiji's position at noon that day was latitude .')S° ,">S', longitude 177" 8' west, about 2'10 miles from ^i.. Paul Islaiul. St. Paul Island was reached at daylight the 11th September, and on that day a Last visit was jiaid to all the rookeries on that island with the oxce[)tion of lho.se at !Nortii-east Point, and any changes in them were noted. The next day we loft the island, and alter a three days' delay at Unalaska, for the jiurpose of taking in coal, and another delay of two days at the Shumagin Islands while the ship's boilers were being ov(!rhauled, we reached Victoria on the 2.')th Sej)temher. The following general results of the observations made are grouped under headings eorresi)ondiiig as nearly as possible with those followed in +he Report of the British Connnissioners for 1891 : — Fish near the Breeding Islands. When I landed at the village on St. Paul Island on the 30tb June, cod and halibut were hanging before many of the natives' houses. In answer to my inquiry as to where they had been caught, I was told that they had been taken less than 3 miles from St. Paul Island, and between it and Otter Island. Up to the 12th September, the date of my final departure from the Pi-ibyloff Islands, natives went out fishing every fine Sunday, and, in fact, every day they were not engaged on work for (sither the Government or the Company, and good catches of fish were invariably made. When on St. George Island the 17th July a great many cod were seen hung up to dry, and at dinner that day I asked the United States' Ti'cjsui-y Agents and the officers of the Company why they had not fresh fish on the table. I was told that they could be bad in abundance whenever wanted,' but that they were all tired of fish. H.M.S. "Daphne," while I was on board of her, was anchored during the forenoon of the 21st July in 18 fathoms of water, one-third mile off Dalnoi Point, St. George Island, and cod, small halibut, and scnlpin were caught in great luuuhers at this time. A holiday was given the native.^ on St. Paxil Island on Saturday, the 13ch August, and many of them spent the day fishing. Their boats were in .sight; all day bet ween and 3 miles off Lukannon rookei'v. They returned late in the afternoon w ith their boats half full of fish ; there were many more cod than halibut, though the latter were nuich the larger fish. I asked the natives how far they went out for fish later in the season ; they replied that they never had to go more than .") miles from land to get all the fish they wanted, and that it Avas oidy in SeptcinbiT that they went that far. I was taken to South-west Eay, St. Paul Island, by a crew of natives, on the 23rd August. During the brief time I was ashore they fished about half-a-mil(> olT Zapadnie rookery, catching two halibut and seven cod. Tliese men told me that fish were always very plenlil'ui near the island, but that until 1891 they bad never had time during the summer months to catch them ; when they Mere not driving or killing seals, tlierc were the skins to salt and re-salt, the Company's ship to load or unload, ;ind coal and provisions to be brought f'.om the landing-place to the store-houses. The next day salmon were seen in the lagoon near tin; village. When anchored about a mile olf Nikolski village, iJehring Island, the 3rd September, a great i^any cod of small size — 4 to 8 lbs. — were caught from the ship by the sailors, antl at the ^ illage I learned that they were taken close to the island at all times. Salmon are to be got during the whole season in tlu; river about 12 miles from Nikolski village, and at the village itself early in the season. Mr. Baldwin, who has been on St. Paul Island several years, told 1110 that small squid are very numerous close to the islands, and Mr. Townsend, who has in several 189 years been employed nsaiiMtumliston tlie "Albatross" in Behiini? Sea, said mori; than onc(! in my hearing that then! was no part of Behriiiij Sea that did not abound with tiiem. It is thus evident that slioukl seals, AVJiether males a:- females, rcquin? food during the time they resort to the ishmds (which lias not been proved), it is to he lijul in ahundan(!(! closi" to the rookeries, while it is further a|)|)-irent th;it th(; " natives." with th(! exercise of but ordinary dili^'enco on their own part, are in no way dejiendent on the slaughter of seals for food. Virgin Cows. While on the Prihyloff Islands in July and August of 1802 I endeavoured carefully to note everything (hat might throw light on the, questifni as to when the virgin (emaies iirst receive the males, and during that linio did not see one f(!iuale fcal that \>as not eillier still carrying her young, or whose size did not show that she was of suITicient agi' to have already had a ])hice on the brocding-t:;i(iun(ls. In other word.s, I nev(!r saw a virgin fi'niale upon the hreedin-.; islainis. livery leuiahs of ^niall size that was seen moving about the rookeries or leaving the water was watdioil, and was withour exception found either t ■ i;o at once to sonii; harem where slu! was plainly at' home, or by her mr.nner it was , ident that slie had ynuiig somewhere on tlic rookery. Very often, too, if watched until they lay down, it eould hi', seen that tlirir breasts were swollen as if full of m.ilk, though tiiis was by no means always the case. Not OIK! cow concerning wiiieli I was left in doubt was si'cn on any rookoiy, and I feel certain that no virgin (.'ow came ashore at these places. JLr. J. Stanley ]5rown, who had been on the islands for some weeks before I reached thi'm, told me (Stb .Tidy) that he had been carefully watching a number of harems a.s they grew, and \\as eerioin that not one virgin cow had yet come ashore. Ho told me at this tiuu' that he was (juite sure that these young females did not haul ov;t with the "hollnscliickie," V)nt spent the early ])art of the scasim in the water in front of the breeding-grounds and came out on iheni later on, and were then served either by the old bulls or by younger ones near the w.-iter. This explanation can hardly, liowever, be the true one, as were the virgin eows really in eonsiilerablo nnnd)ers in front of the rookeries, they would be seen there at all times; but olten, when the day was cold and cloudy, hardly a seal was .seen in the water near the islands, though at other times it was black with them. Where are the young females when lew seals arc seen in the water? Were it true that the young females are not served until late in the season, they would he either much later in bringing forth their young than the older eows, or they must carry their first young Cor a much shor'er time than those of following years, which is scarcely credible. JSut two other solutions of the question seemed to in(! possible : one, that females do not come to the breeding islinds, unless in very small nundjers, until they arrive there to give birth to their tirst young; the other, that these two- or three-year-old females haul-out with the holluschickie, and are served by the older bachelors among them. -\[r. Brown in August api)eari'd to come to the latter conclusion, and even pointed out to me small seals among the hollus- chickie, which he asserted to he 'emaies. Though ask(>d by me to shoot oni; or two of these small seals (as females had been shot hy his (nvka's a few days before at Zs'orth-east Point for the purj)Ose of dftermiiiing whetluT they had been feeding\ he declined to do so. Had this heen done, these que.^tions iuight at once have lieeu decided. After the harems had broken up, and many of the old bulls liad left the rookeries, younger males were observed to c(mie on them, and attempts at service were not uncommon, even by very young bulls, three or tour years old. These; animals were olt(,'n seen to tease and worry half-a-dozen or more eows one after another ; yet among the thousands of seals that were watched by me on the hauling-grounds, no .•itlempts at service were <'ver noted, llad the virgin cows hauled-out with the ba'dielor seals, attem])ts at service by the older bulls would have been so frequent that they eould not have eseajied observation ; but not only did I never see anything of this kind my.self, but no such instance was ever re])oite.l to me. It se(!ms, then, probable that at least the greater portion of the virgin cows are tb'st s(>rved at sea. liry;uil speilcs* of its being a common thing for young three- and four-year-old males to nu-et ci)ws in tlie water as they came from the rookeries, and • Allen, " Jlonosr.iph of Norlli .\mcric;iii riiinipeils"i3|). 3SC. ailO, -tOi, and 40G ; " (Jn Eare,! h'eals," p;!. L'tj aru] 100. .SiT aUo Vi'niaminov as tu virgin cows reraaiiiin;^ away from islands. [Ii73 lit) 140 tijere perform the act of coition; and tlums^h these cows were probably ones that hal young ones on the rookeries, many bunters and captains of se;iling-schooners with wliom I fonvcrsed at Victoria r.nd elsewhere assured me that, they had often seen seals copulating in the water, and liad shot both male and female while they were in the act. T)\e female, in the majority of those easos, was one that had not yet had a pup, thoui,'b in some iustauces they were barren cows, and a few were cows with milk in their breasts. Proportion of Males to Females on Rookeries. Vrhenever harems were well defined, t.nd could be readily separated from adjoining ones, the number of female seals was counted. It was found that though there Mere a few oases in which an old bull would have but two or tlu-ee cows about him, there were many other bulls which had fifty or more. One in particular, shown me by Mr. Ibown, had about him more than eighty females. This was 'Mr. Brown's estimate. Tlie average number of females in each harem, according to my count, was about thirtj-, my figures giving a little over that number. My attention was frequently di-awn by the United States' A'.xcnts to what they called the great niunber of mature bulls that were without harems. Comparing mentally the number cf such bulls with those seen on the rookeries last year, I decided, while on tlie ground, that there W(!re not more than there wore in 1891, though an additional number of mature males must have come upon the breeding-grounds. A comparison of photographs taken during the two seasons show no change in the number of hulls without harems. During neither season were there old bulls to be seen in anything like the numbers mentioned by Elliott and others. Thus, Mr. S. N. Bnynitsky says : " Thoustinds of old bulls, Mhich have becomo useless for the purposes of propagation and are an incumbrance to the lookeries, might be killed for their blubber."* C'ap(ai!\ Bryant \iritcs ; " During (lie latter portion of the landing time there is a large excess of old males that cannot lind room on the breeding-places; these pass up with the younger seals, and congregate along the upper edge of the rookery, and watch for a chance to charge down and illi any vacancies that may (x:eur."t And, again : "The number of full-grown niali.'s at this date (10th Aus^ust) may be considered as three times greater ihan tln^ number rcciuirod, or equal to one full-gro^vn male v.o eveiy three or four females." J Elliott says, writing of the years 1872-74: "At the re.ar of all these rookeries there is i'lvariably a large number of able-bodied males which have come late, but wait patiently, yet in vain, for families Vll the surplus able-bodied males thiit have nut been successful in cileciin? a landiiig on tlie rookeries cannot at any time during tbe season be seen liere on this rear line. Only a portion of their number are hi siirbt ; the others are either loaling at sea adjacent, or are hauled-out in morose squads between the rookeries on the beaches. ''<j And, again : ".SCO or 400 old bulls were killed to supply skins to furnish the natives with canoes." Not that number could Jiavc l)cen .secured in 1&92 had the bulls without harems bcii, drivcni from every rookery on both islands. The greatest number of bulls i]i ])roportion to the cows on the rookeries wore to be found at North-east I'oint. I visited the rookeries there in company with Mr. Brown on the 2nd .Tul/. lie drew my attention to what he called tbe excessive numl.ier of old bulls without harems, and there certainly appeared lo be a great many, but knowing that their great size reiidin' them conspicuous, 1 carefully counted all thai were to be seen in the vicinitv of the rookeries ind tl it this jilace. Tbe bulls near each totals of the tlu'ce counts were !)t, SI), and cw liiddcn behind i-oeks, but certainly not rookery were counted three times, 91 respectively. There may have liceii a nure than a dozen in all. I'laeini;' tli(> total munberat 100, and allowing twenty cows for eaeii bull, there were enough bulls on this rookery to serve 2,000 cows more than were there. This is assuming that all wci'e ol an age and condition that litted them for service. !Maiiy of them siiowed the "grey wig," whieii proved them to lie not yet fully grown, while others were without doubt worn-out old bulls, no longer tit for service. That the majority of (hem were in this condition is jirovcd by the fact that thoutrli attempts at service by " grey wigs " were not infrecim^nl, 1 never saw one of • H. U., 50th Concrcss, 2nii So«»i.>n, Rpporl No. 3883, p. ; t ^Uen, " Monograpli of North Amerimu I'innipedii," p. 384. § CrnsiH Kcpori, pp. .Tti ."J*. I Ibid., p. 390. 141 these old hulls pay the sHc;hte«t .T!,tf,iition in any females that ■niight pass near them. At Znp;i(1nio rookery (}h-(\ ■Tuly). 'Mv. Brown, "Mv. Townsoml, and I notieed on several oeoasions a «;ow escape from a hnreni and lie down at some distanee hehind it, hut in only qu<\ instance was any notice paid tliem hy hulls near liy. In lliis one instance the cow endeavoured in many ways lo attract an old hull's attention, ruhhini,' i.er nose aijainst his, and striking,' him playfidly with l;"r tlippers ; he made sonn; faint resnonse, hut after a minut(; or two l;iy down and went to sleep ai^ain. Two other hulls lyin-? near them raised their heads onee or twice to ohservc what was goinj^ on, hiit no attempt Avas made to serve the female. Then,' were in 1802, in my o[)inion, more old hulls without cows in the vicinity of the rookeries at North-east Point than the comhined numhcr on all the other rookeries. At Tolstoi rookery (.Trd -Tuly) hut one (dd hull without a harem could he det(>cted at tlie soutli iMid of the hreeding-grouiul, where a good view can he hud of a great part of thi^ rookery. On St. Georgt; Island tliere were, in proportion to tlie total numher of seals, even fewer hulls ilian on St Paul Island. On tlie loth July there were not a dozen alonir the Avhole extent of North rookery, and hut two were seen at Little East rookery, and two at I'!ast rookery. Zajiadnie was visited the next day, and not a dozen were to he seen there. So Juany statements have heen ])ul)lished to tlie liffect that old hulls without harems are always to he found in large nunihers near hreeding-grounds, that it would seem tliat tlie rookeries on St. Paul Island are nearer their normal condition than those on St. George. Pups Swimming. The first pups I saw swimming in 1892 were in the water in front of North rookery on St. Oi-oriie Island the l^ih July. Tlie day was hrii;ht and warm, and the tide at the time of )ny visit was just heginning to flow. A great many puj)S were playing in the ])ools among the rocks near the edge of the sea ; in one place there were forty or lifty togetjier, and in many others more than half that lunnher, while all along the shore the yoniig seals win-e in little groups of from three to ten. No <dd seals wen> near them hut tliose swimming ahout in the water and those going to and coming from it. As the tide eam(; in somi; of tlie ])ups slowly retreated, hut many of tliem reinained among the rocks until the water w;is some distance! heyoiul them. They played alinut in much the same way as hollusehiekie do, ae.d swam from one rock to another and hack many times with no ajipreciahle interval of rest. 1, neiti' r at this lime nor on any other occasion, saw an old seal .attempt to tf^aeli a pup to swim, nor carry it to tlie water, nor did [ ever see anytlung that would lead me to suppose that ])nps learncl to swim ; on th<> contrary, a pup cut from its mother can swim for a long time. Ten days later these ])ups had increased considerahly in size, and were swiimninc: and playing 'lout in tlu> watei- in great uumhers, seeming as much at home there as t!ic older ; ds diil; a few of tliem were 50 (jr (JO yards from the shore diving witiiout api /out effort through the large waves that were coming in. I'^arly in August pups h.ad ijegun to haul-out with tlie hollusehiekie mi the norlh side of l^ukannon rookery nearly a mile from the rookery, and hy the niiiliUe of that month a gn^at many were to he s(!eii far from the rookery grounds.* Tliey were, of course, in greatest numhers in front of and near Lidvaunon, Ketavie, and llecf rookeries, hut they extended in an unhrokeu line from Tiukannon to the landinii,- place at the village, in places snixcd with hollusehiekie, hut very frerjuently tliere were no older seals near them. At IMaek JJIiilf and he! ween Zoltoi Sands and the village lnndin;,'-phice large; hands <i'' pups swam aliont from place to jdace or liauled- out on the rocks and sand. It does not seem ])ossil)le or prohahh' that the mother seals could (ind. th'-ir own young ones among so mi\\\\ and at such a distance from the breediiii^-ground, and during Ihe \vh(de timet was on the PrihylofF Islands I never saw a female seal suckli' a young one excejit on a rook(>ry. h'rom th(> time pups first go into the water they are to he seen with ])ieees of sea- weed in their nxniths, and th(.-re is no reason for doubting that from rhi-; time until they leave the island at least a eonsideiuble portion of their f<iod is eonijieiu'd of ye.a- wecd picked up along the shore or in the >;'<ers adjacent to it. Mr. J'^lliott saysf that he kiKJWS fur-seaia feed to a limifeil extent upon crustaceans and sipiid, and also to eat tender algoid sprouts. I'lqis, Ik; believes, live upon (naistiux'ans and scpiid for i\w. first S<« Elliott. t "Our Arctic Province," pp.330, 331. 142 five or six montlis they are at sea. Squid, as has been shown in another part of this Report, arc plentiful near the seal islands. When on St. George Island in 1S!.»2, Captain Webster told me that after he raided Eobben IJoer in 1870 ih(;rc -wi-re about (100 pups left when ibc older seals liad been killed. 'When he sailed away from the islands " they were L;i'(fini^ fat alunt:; the shore. At every kjw tide they would >j:o down to thi; bcaeh and piek u\) pieces of soft sea-weed, and possibly small iish, thouL;b this is doubtful." ^[r. I'edpath, many years a resident on the Pribylofl' Islands, also (expressed to me his belief that "pups" feed upon sea-weed. Mr. 11. S. Browne, who was on Co])per Island in 1892, told me that he saw little pups about the middle of Aui^ust eating small squid and other tbiufTs aloup' the beaeli, and that he never saw the mother goinj^ near the little "bunches" of seals that were huntinir for food for Uiemselves alunsi' the shove. Habits of Female Seals trhen Suchling. Within a few hours after a i)Uj) is horn it reeeives its first nourishment from the mother; and for some days, while the mother remains about the liareni and the pup is too young to wander far from it, there can be little or no doubt that each mother seal suckles her own young one alone. It was not tuitil the 1st .July that I first noted pups forming "])ods,"or small separate herds ; every harem was still well defined, but the ])U])s belon;-ing to each bad begun to show greatr . activity, and the older ones had to some e.vtent formed little " pods " a few yards distant Irom the mother seals. By the .")th 'Tilly it was noticeable that the pups from adjoining harems bad " ])0(lded " together between them, wliile the harems themselves were ^till, with few exceptions, cora))act and well defined. The cows lu'd not yet begun to go to the water. The few wet ones seen upon the rook'^ries Avcrc Mitliout exception fiMuales that were still carrying their ynung. 'J'he seals on a great many small harems were counted, and it was always found at this time that the pups and cows wen; in about equal numbers. Within tlu^ next week, how(;ver, the cows 'ie!j;an to go into the water, but not in great niuubers. They seemed content to swim about n'.?ar the shore, and were oft(>n seen liauled-out on some flat rock after they had bei>n but a few minutes in the Avater, and, iifter scratching themselves for a little while, would ))huige again into the sea, swim to shore, and go back to the harem to which tlicy belonged. On St. George Island, L'jth July, as I sat on the low elilTs overlooking a part of .North rookery, I saw three cows come ashore. One of these was still gravid. Each of the otbc;'s, on coming out, turned her head about from side to side uttering at short intervals a cry used l)y most female seals as they come ashore. In each case s(!veral pups went towards the cow ; in one inslanee live were about her at one time. These were smelt or uoschI over and shoved away, or struck gently witli a flipper, and one l)y one they dropped oiV. The cow then moved slowly back towards the rear of the rookery. She was "attacked " by nearly every pup she passed dose to. These she put away from her, calling out from time to tiim' as if for her own young nni). Amongst the first paps tliat had appriiachcd her was one that jiersistcntly lollowed her, attemjiting to suck every time she stopped, several times securing the teat, while the cow nosed over other pups. It was evident that th(! mother seal was searching for her own young one, and that she thought that the pup foUowing her was not it, as, often while the young one was close be>-ide her, the cow would stop at a ])od of ])ups and examine and smell every one of them. Whenever this pup attcmjited to &u<;k and was seen, or ])erhaps felt, by the mother .seal, it was jiuslied away and she moved on, foUowi'd as before hy the pup. IShe reached at last a small harem lU'ar the h-M-k of the rook(>ry, where she lay down on her side and was soon aslei>]). Tlu> pup immediately beg.an to suck, sto|)])ing whenever the cow awakened, Avhieli ha|)pened at very short intervals, and beginning again as soon as the cow slept, it was at last satisfied, and lay down at some distance away and went to sleep. The milk had been taken from the two bi'casls that were uppermost, the cow not having turned over (as is usual when a cow is suckling her jui])) during tiie fotirttjcn minutes the interniptcd nursing was going on. .U, such tin;es, the cow usually jilaees herself so that all four breasts can be reached by the young. The second cov.', I'iferred to abnve, did not find bin' own pu]), nor did [ see any pup succeed in getting milk Irom her. She went <piietly to her own harem, and alter a few Hiii\ut(s went to sleep. On the IHth .luly, on North rookery, St. (ieorg'' Island, ;i cow was setMi hy mo to tome from the water, and, after calling out as if for her young one, she was approached 143 by several pups, as had boon noted fr('(|iuMitly before ; and, as is usual wlien cows come from tbo Avat(!r, these pn])s attempted to suck, but were driven away. One persistently fojlowed her ; the enw smelt it over many times, as if uncertain whether it was her own or not, but did not stop, and pushed tim pup from her. Though the pup continued following,' her, the cow did not cease cryini; out at inteiTals in the manner peculiar to them w'l'^n Ci.llin;^ for their younL' ones. Other pups came to Iier, which she smelt in tlie '.■sua? way, but finally slie lay down and allowed the puj) tliat had l)i.'en following li.r from the first to nursi-. If (Iiis jjup were lier own, it would seem that the female was for a long lime uncertain wlielher it was so or not, for, whih; the pup kept up with lier most of tin- time, and was often beside lu'r, she continued to call out as if dis- satisfied, and did not cease smelling all the pups tliat came to her. It is noteworthy that she did not so to (lie back of the rookery-ground, but, after reaching the middle of it, moved about to the right and left for more t liau fifteen minutes, the pup following her, and lay down at last on a rock that she had passed several times. Were the puj) her own, there is no appari-nt reason why she should not have lain down when tirst joined by it. Had the puj) not followed her and finally been allowed to nurse, her actions were suoli that any one must have concluded tliat, for more than iifteen minutes, she had been searehiiig for her pup without finding it. In both cases referred to aliove, the jnips persisted in following the cows, though repulsed by them, and, while in one instance the cow laid down and went to sleep, the pup then liel])ing itself; in the other, the cow, after a long delay, and in evident uncer- tainty as to wiiether tbo \m\) wei'e lu-r own or not, voluntarily suckled it. Instances similar to these were noted whenever any considerable time was spent in watching a partit'ular part of a rookery. At any time pujis might be seen nursing everywhere on the rookeries, but it was not often that a female was actually seen to come from tlie water, and, within a short time, find a pup to lun-se, :is would be <'xpeclt'd if it were true that she had been a long distance out at sea, and perhaps many days absent fi'oni ihi; rookery. When females were seen to cume from the sea and soon afterwards allow a pup to nurse, it was generally under circumstance ^uch as those above referred to. On the IGth July, at S nry Arteel rookery, St. George Island, I watched live female seals come from the water at different times. All called out at intervals as if for their young ones. As they slowly made their way among the li.irems many pups attempted to nurse, but none were allowed i.p do so, and every one of these cows, after wandering about for some time in an ajipavently aimless mai iier, lay down and went to sleep without having given u]) any milk. On tin,' .'{Oth .(uly at North rookery, St. George Island, I lie most siutable place on either island l'()r sucli observations, two hours were spent in olwei'ving the cows as they came ashore, and though a great many were watched from the time they landed until they either lay down to sleep or returned to tln' water, not one was seen to suckle a young seal. These and similar instances lead mi- to l)elieve that, though for som(! days or jierhaps weeks after a young seal is born il is suckled by its own mother ah)Uo; alter tlie young seals liegin to pod together along the shore, and the females to go into the water, little attention is ]iaid to them by tlnir mothers. Females suckling yiiung are to be seen on the rookeries long after tl" older pups have begun to go into tlu^ water, but these may in (he majority of < 'Kr h(> the latcst-Iiorn pups. From my observations on the rookeries of SI. I'aul and St. (ieorge Island, 1 cannot but believe that reuiale seals are often uncerlaiii \\hetlier young seals that nursi' are their own or not, and that inauy piij)s nurse without ihv old remale beim; aware of the fact, so that there is little chance of a very young seal starving to death unless it wanders quite away from the breeding-grouiul, and I am sustained in this lieliel' by the fact that I never saw an en.aciated or weak-looking pup on that part of a rookery nearest th(> water. It was a common thing on liotli islands to sei" pups that were lying near molla-r seals go (]ui(^tly to tliem and nur^o without the females ]iayini;' any attention to them, or apparently knowiiit,' that the |)ups were helping theinsehes. When in Vi(^toria, Ib'itish CdluinbiM, in October 1S!)2, .Mr. 11. S. Urowiie told me that on llie Auckland Islands he had watched more than one pup suck I'rom the same cow, and had heard there that when a mother died the pup Mould be suckled by another female. I was rcjieatedly told by Agents of tlu' United States' liovcrument that whenever females were seen coming from the water they had been out to sea for food. 'J'his was manifestly absurd, as when the morning was cold it was ajiparent that few seals were ubsent from tlu' rookeries, hut if the sun afterwards came out, or the day grew warmer, hundreds of seals would be seen going to the water, and late in the afternoon, [117] " 2 P 144 or towards evening, as it became cooler, they would return to their respective harems. At such times the water from 100 yards or so in front of the rookery would bo black with seals, while further out but few —and sometimes none — were to be seen. Many females were Avatched from the time thtsy loft the harem until they were lost among the multitude of swimming seals. They would slide into the water and roll about with evident enjoyment for a few minutes, and then come out upon some rock ; after a short rest they returned again to the water. Though a careful watch was often kept, no cow was ever seen by me to enter the water and swim out to sea. On the 23rd July, at Lukannon and Kctavic rookeries, more than half the seals were in the water, but careful examination, through field-glasses, of the sea in front of these rookeries, neither showed seals coming towards the land nor going from it. During the seasons of 1891 and 1892, but more especially in 1892, I spent much time at sea in the vicinity of the seal islands, and during both seasons kept a careful count of the number of seals seen in the water. It was noted in both years that while the seals were very abundant in the immediate vicinity of the rookeries, and a few were always to be seen lietween 2 and 3 miles from the islands, very few were after that to be seen until we had gone a long distance out to sea. It is thus evident that the number of seals going to and from the islands is very small. On the 11th September, when, on H.!M.S. " Melpomene," we steamed from North-east Point to tlie village of St. Paul — a distance of about 11 miles — being never more than 3 miles from the sliore, and most of the time much nearer to it, wlien off North-east Point, Polavina and Ileef rookeries, thousands of seals were, with the aid of field-glasses, seen j)laying in the water near the shore, but very few close to the ship at the distance stated from the land. No visit was paid to any rookery on either St. George or St. Paul without a careful examination of the rookery and hauling-grounds being made, for the purpose of recording the amount of excrement to be seen on them; the matter being of imi)()rtance in connection with the question of the feeding or abstinence of seals during tiie breeding season. Shortly I)et'ore labour began a female was sometimes seen to void a small quantity (;f excrement ; once only, in addition to this, did I see excrement on rookery-ground that had not been voided by pups. lu the instance referred to, ^Mr. Urown. who was with nie at the time, said that it was probably from a female that liad recently come ashore. In this connection Captain Bryant may ])e quoted.* He says •. " I found, in a few instances, wber(> newly-arrived seals had made a single discharge of rad-coloured excrement, but nothing ■was soon afterwards to show that sueli discharges were continued, or any (evidence that (he animals had partaken of food." Mr. Vincent Colycr, in his Report to tlie Secretary of the Interior, dated 18th February, 1870, likewise says: "The ass(n'tion that the fur-seal eats but little food from .lune to September may bo true; certainly, there was little or no offensive excrement even in October, when I believe it is aeknowleilged that they do get some food from the water." t On the 27th July a large pieei- of fresli, light-coloured excrement, firm, and of cylindrical form, was noticed on the ground where liolluseln'ekie had been; a great many worms, sucli as are found in seals' stomachs, were mixed with it. A largo harem, the resort of over 300 seals, near the west end of Reef rookery, was visited by me almost daily, and excrement was always ear(>fully looked for. This harem lay just beneath an overhanging bank, and the o])portunities for observation were excellent ; but, though between tweuty and thirty visits were made to tliis place, no excrement vas (-ver seen either on tin' brei'tling-iiiround or the slope leading to it, with the exception of very small pieces \oi(le(l by i)ups, wlu'eli differs greatly from that of older seals, both in shape and colour. AVliile it is certain tliat hollusehickie go to and from the water at all times, and when tluv weather is wnrm quit tlie land almost en masse, th<M-e is no satisfactory eviileuce to show tliat they feed whih; in the water. Several liundred stomachs were opened in my ])reseiice during the summerof 1892, and no trace ol' food was found in any nl' tliein, thougli, wliiie struggling tog(!ther in tiic killing-ground, some of them voided a small quantity of dark yel'u)wish ex(n'ement. lOlliott, hi)W( vei', says that they ilo eat when tliey go out to sea.+ lie refers also to the i'aet that tlir supply oi' seals on the liauliug-grounds is kept u]) d'o-ing the .summer by n(>w arrivals from the sea; and ^Ir. George Tingle, in a letter dated 18th July, 1890, and addressed to Mr. C. .1. Golf, tlie Treasury Agent in charge of tho • " On KurcJ Seali," p. 101. t II. i!., list Congress, 2nil Se»sion, Kx. Doc. No. 14-4, p. 5. J Census Itrport, p. 44 U5 Pi'ibyloff Islands, says : " We have every reason to believe, from the marked increase of new arrivals oijine smls, that, if we were allowed to continue our killing under the law, we could fill our quota of 00,000 skins."* There can bo no doubt that immense numbers of seals resort to Behrliig Sea during the summer season that do not go to the islands at all, or, if at all, only very late in the season. Seals are to be seen south of the Aleutian Islands in July and August, in considerable numbere ; and late in July in 1892, a great many seals were siien from H.if.S. " Daphne " not far from Cape (Mieerf ul ; while it was reported to me that, a few days before this, large bodies of seals had been seen from the United States' cruizer " Yorktown " near tiie same place. About 25th July a whaling vessel arrived at Unalaska, and reported tliat there were more seals outside Unimak Pass than had ever been seen tliere before. These seals must havi; been non-ln'ceding seals, that is, hoUuschiekie or virgin and ban-en cows, possibly all three. Mortality among Young Seals. The causes that lead to the destruction of pups on the breeding islands are, so far as they have been noted by me — («.) The wandering away of the young seals from the vicinity of the breeding- grounds, and subsequent failure to find female seals from whom they can obtain milk. This seldom occurs when; a harem is situated between a cliff and the water, or backed by rocky stoe})s, as at Lukannon rookery on St. Paul Island, and parts of North rookery on St. George Island. Pups can most easily losa themselves when on such rookeries as Polavina, Reef, or Upper Zapadnie on St. Paul Island, and Zapadnie on St. George Island. At these places they frequently wander a short distance to the rear of the occupied rookery-ground, and are soon lost, especially if boulders lie between them and the breeding-ground. A pup's confusion is naturally much greater at such places as Sea Lion Point or at lleef rookery, where, on going but a short distance inland, cricvs of seals c.in be heard from both sides of the point. Two or three pups so lost were seen by me every time I visited R(!cf rookery, and seldom with strength enough to move more than a few yards, if at all. Tliese pups of course die, and arc, with lew if any excei)tions, dragged away and eaten by foxes. While scattered dead pups were always to be seen on the o))en ground between the rookeries on lleef Point, none that had been dead more tlian a few days were ever noted, though partly-eaten carcasses were not infrequent, so that the number of carcasses seen at any one time includes but a small ))art of tlie whole numl)er tliat have died. During the months of July and August a great many females were watched as they came from the water, and althougli in a few eases they were seen to go to the extreme back of the occupied rookery-ground, none were seen to go beyond it. (h.) Many ])ups lose tiieir lives when stampedes occur, and many otlu^rs when bulls dash among the breeding females and their young to prevcuit the escape of a female from the harem. The scattered dead pups that are to be seen on all rookeries have been destroyed in either of these ways. (c.) A few pups probably lose their lives in the surf, or by being dashed upon rocks, but the number must, under ordinary cireumstanees, be very small. As early as the ISth .luly, and on many occasions afterwards, pujjs were watched while in tlie water close to the sliore, and though they were often thrown with great force against the rocks, no pui) was ever seen to receive the slightest injury. These causes of death to young seals were noted by me, but are obviously iMsulHcient to account for ilii! great mortality among the jiups on Polavina and Tolstoi rookeries. U'hile standing beside the eaiuera at Polavina rookery on the 22nd July I counted Its dead pnjis ; tiuw were of the same sine as tlit' living pups near them, and exhibited no sign of having died of hunger, nor did it ap])ear that they had lieni crushed to death in a stampede, as those that could be seen were at or near the limit of the rookery- ground. No estimate could be made of the number of dead pups that were lying on this rookery, as the seals lay so closely together on its southern and eastern slopes that but a small part of the breeding-ground was visible. Professor Everman (a natu- ralist on United States' Eisli Conunission steamer "Albatross"), who was willi me at • Scnatp, SUt Congresf, 2mi ScsbIoii, Ex. Doc. No. 49, p. 27. H(i this time, and who coiintod 120 dead pups, thouglit, •\vitli me, tliat it' so many were to be seen at the outer ed^cof the rookery-ground, the wliole numl)er must be very great, and al)out a month later (20th Aiignst) T bad ample proof that this was the case. I revisited Polavina rookery on this date with a native, Neh-au Mandrigan. This man speaks and understands English very well, and was at this time on bis way to North- east Point to take eharge of the gnard-bonse there. A great many dead pups were lying at the south end of the rookery, nearly or quite as many as were to be seen on Tolstoi rookery. Th(>y were lying on a sandy slope between the water and the roeky ledge that separates the lower from the higher parts of this rookery-ground, and Avere rather more gronjjed together than at Tolstoi, from 10 to 100 lying quite eloso together, with spaces froni o to 10 yards square between the groups. There were indi- vidual dead \n\ix scattered everywhere over this rookery as on all others, but on that part of it referred to above the mmiber was very great, and the ground on which they were lying was quite deserted by living s(>als. They extended as far as could be seen along the rookery, but as only the front sloping to tlie south coidd be seen, the number beyond the point to the northward could not be estimated. It was at the south end of this rookery that the Pritish Commissioners report having seen a fc'w hundred dead pups in 1801. Photogrnphs taken the Stli August show this ground with the breeding seals still upon it, but many dead pups may also be seen. The native Neb-an Mandrigan was asked how he accounted for so many dead pups ; be replied that he thought they had been killed when the old bulls were lighting, but a few minutes later said that h(> was mistaken, that their mothers must have been killed at sea, and the pups hav(^ died for want of food, lie at this time told me that he iiad never seen so many dead puj)s on any rookery before. He bad seen those on Tolstoi rookery in 1891, but bad not visited that place in 1802. Dead pups were first notie(.'d by me on Tolstoi rookery the 19th August, though photograp' taken by ;Mr. !Maynard on the 8(h August, while I was on St. George Island, show that ■ that dat(^ there were nearly, if not quite, as many of them on this rookery as there Avere ten days later. At the time I first noticed the dead pups I counted over 4,000, but they lay so closely together that it was impossible to judge what proportifju of the Avliole number was seen. I was told by th(> Treasury Agents on the island, and have no reason for disbelieving their statements, that when this rookery was carefully examined late in 1891 as many or more dead pups were found among the rocks or other parts of the rookery as were on the open space, and seen and sj)eeially remarked upon by the British Commissioners in 1891. This being so, it is reasonable to assume that such would be the case again this year. The dead pups noticed by me Mere on the same ground on which those seen last year were lying, but were scattered over ;i larger area, and in much greater nmnbers. I accompanied the liritish Commissioners wiien they inspected Tolstoi rookery in 1S91, and the date of my visit to that rookery this year coincided with their visit to it last year. Depending upon my memory alone, I ha(' lo hesitation in deciding that there was a greater luimber of dead pups at that place in August this year than at the same date in 1891, and a c(nnparison since my return from the islands of the photographs taken during the two seasons j)roves that Miis is und(>ul)tedlv the case. The pups when I first saw them appi.-aicd to have been dead not more than two weeks, and nearly all seenn'd to have died about the; same time. Very few Aver(> noted that were in a more advanced state, of deeoniposition tlian those about them, and the dozen or so that wen; seen were probably ])ups that had died at an earlier date, and from some other cause than that to which tliis unusual mortality among the young seals is to be attributed. The photographs taken on the 8th August showthat at that Vnv.i tliere were several groups of seals banled-out on grtmnd on which the dead pups lay, but on the 10th August it w«is almost entirely deserted by the older seals. This rookery was revisited on tike 21st August, and attliis tiuK- an estimate was again made of the mind)(>r of dead pups. A large band of hollusehickie on their way from the water lo tlie haiding-ground at tin; back of Tolstoi rookery had stopped to rest on the ground on which the |)ups were lying and hid a part of them, so that on this occasion a few h'ss than ;{,8(H) were counted. On tlic 215rd August I again visited Tolstoi rookery in eomjjany with Assistant Tn^asury Agent Ainswortli, Mr. Maynard, the photogr-'ijilnir, and Anlone JVlelavedoff, who is the most intelligent native on St. Paul Island, and has charge of all th<' boats and store-houses belonging to the Company. This native acted as boat-steerer at the time the British Commissioners visited Tolstoi rookerv in 1801, 1 1-; and that I luii^lit lu;ini his opinion rcj,'ai<liii;^ the n-lativc niuuhei' of dead pups for the tuo years 18!)1-'J2, J asked him (o ac'eoin[)auy luc on the (K.-rvisiou referred to above. ^Viieii asked whetlier there were as many seals in 1892 as in 1891, he rejjlied : "^[on;; more than I ever saw l)ef(n'e." I, at the. time, askcnl llr. ilaynard to pay partieular attention to what was said, and lie has since made an affidavit to the above effeet, which is appended to this T!ep(jrt. Afy last visit to Tolstoi rookery was made; on the 1 1th September. Xo living seals were to be seen on that ])art of the rookery-j^ronnd on which the dead pups were, and it was now apparent that they extended fnrther to the left than is shown in the photo^i'aphs taken (jf them ; that is to say, a part of the ^^round on wliieli seals are shown in these photographs had dead pups on it which at that time could not be seen; this would add .everal liundreds to my former estimate of their number. No pups that liad di(!d recently wen; to be seen anywhere. It seems reasonably certain that all the dead ])ups seen o i this part of Tolstoi rookery died at about the same time, and I would include wit i them all, or nearly all, that wen; lying on the beach. These were doubtless thrown up by the sea, but there is no evidence that they were killed by the surf. 'J"he shore is sandy, and there had not been a heavy sea breaking upon it for more than a month ])revious to the date the dead pups were last seen. It seems possible that the morhility among these young pups was the result of an epidemic that ran its course in a few (lays, and attacked only a small portion of the young pups. That their deaths were not caused by starvation was very evident, as they were, with few (>.\ee|iti(,n!;, large ami wi.'ll developed, not small and emaciated, as is almost invariably the ease with those that are known to have wandered away from the breeding-grounds and died of starvation. It is usual for young seals that are hungry to congregate at the wal<'r's edge and there await the arrival of females, returning from the sea to tiie Ijrecding-gnninds. [ have on many occasions noted young pups whose continued erics wert! evidence that the little creatures were in want of food, and invariably pups in this condition were the most persistent in their endeavours to take milk from the breasts of cows as they lauiled, and would follow them for as great a distance as their strength would permit, returning slowly to the water's edge when the cow was lost sight of. Uad the dead pups seen on Tolstoi and other rookeries died of starvation, they would without doubt have been found in masses near the sea, not scattered over all parts of tlu; breeding-groimd, and were it possible that they had been killed by th(! surf they would have been lying in windrows, as was the case at S')uth-west Bay, where, on the 23rd August, l;io dead puj)s were found lying amoiig sea-weed at dilVerent distanec!s from tlu' water. Bare spaces from 10 to JtO yanls in width, on which no dead jaqis lay, separated these windrows of .sea-weed, showing that the high-water mark had changed from day to day. The pups at this [ilaee were in all stages of decomposition ; a few had died within a day or two, while little remained of others but their bone>, with fragments of skin attached. I'ups are constantly swimming across South-west Bay fnjiu Upjier to Lower Zapadnie rookeries, and it is probable that those lying on the beach represent nearly all that had been drowned, or bad from ;iny causi- died in the water in the immediate vicinity of this small bay, as the shore is steep and rocky on both sides of it, and anything lloating about is almost certain to be thrown up on this sandy beach. At iSorlh-east Point, on the 20th August, all the rookery-ground visible from llut(!hinsou Hill was carefully examined with a lield-glass. A few dead pups were to b^ s(!i'u here aud there on all jiarts of tiie brei.'ding-grounds, and in one place at no great distaiK^e from tin^ water, but on highei' grouiul than eoidd be reached by the sea, vi least SOO were visible from lluteliinsou Hill. 'I'lu' ground on which they lay much resembh'd that on whieii dead pujjs wen; at Tolstoi and I'oJavina rookeries, i-it Avas not of iKNirly so great an extent, 'flu'y lay scattered about as at Tolstoi, not in gxnips as at Polavina. A. earei'ui examination was made by me of all the rookerits on St. George Island, both befor(> and after the dead pups luul bi'cn noted on St. laul, but none \yv\v seen there with flie exception of a very few scattered ones, sueii as ire to be seen on all rookeries. Whites and natives on the islands were unanimous in saying that the mothos of the pujis found dead on the rookeries had been killed at sea, and that their youn.^ had then starved. During the nu)nths of .Inly, August, and September, I b.a;l frequent opportunities of conversing with tlu; oincers of nearly all the ships stationed in Bebiing Sea, both those ol tin? United States and of Creat Ih'itain, and all agreed that it was not i)ossible for ;i schooner to have been in and out of Behring Sea in 18'J2 without being captured (see statement iii Appendix (C) of Captai i far', the [117J 12 MS Senior British Xnval Oillccr stationed at Beliring Sea). Tlic cnii/os of the various ships were earefuliy arraiij^ed by Captains Parr and Evans, and so planned tliat no part of Behring Sea to ■nliicli sealing-vesscls were likely to go Mas It'ft iinproteeted. H.M.S. "Melpomene" and "Daphne," and United States' sliips " Moliiean," "York- town," "Adams," "Ranger," "Hush," and " Corwin," were engaged in fliis work. No skins worth taking into account were found on the small vessels that were seized, and most of those they had on board were doubtless takeu outside Behring Sea, so that to whatever cause the excessive mortality among these young seals is to he atliihuted, sealing at sea can have had nothing to do with it in 1S92. AVlthout fully indorsing what Bryant says on this subj(H-t,lie maybe i|Uot(!d. He writes: ""Whentlie sun sliincs for two or three hours and the roeks beeonu! heated, there are oceasional deaths among the beaeliniastt-rs and very young pups fnnn sun- stroke, the symptoms being a nervous jerking of tin; limbs, followed by convulsions and death. Fortunately, the oecurrtnees are rare, and it was only in isyi that any appreeiahle number were lost from this cause. That year many yoiuig •-eals died about the 1st August.* Were sunstroke suggested as the probable cause that led to the death of the pups found on St. Paul Island in 1891 and 1892, tlic jjositions in vvhicli they wire found and the nature of the ground in which they lay would favour this theory. Were; the sun to shine for even a few hom-s upon the smooth hard ground of the rook.-ries, it would become so hot that seriouj injury ov death to the young seals might be the conse- quence, as it is well known that even the old seals dislike and are seriouslv .'iffected liy heat. Special inquiry was made by me at the Commander Islands during the first week in September as to whether young seals had lieen found dead in 18!)2 in larger numbers than usual, and several of the oldest natives were questioned by me on this point. I was told by them that none had been seen there but a few that had been killed by the surf or had wandered away from the rookery-grounds, and yet there were many schooners sailing from United States' ports sealing in the vicinity of these islands during the whole season, and in July and August a great many schooners came from the American coast and sealed in Asiatic waters ; many thousand skins were taken there, probably more than in any one season on the American side of Behring Sea, but no increased mortality was noticeable in the number of dead pups on tho rookeries. The skins of the dead pups that die on the Commander Islands are taken off by the natives, and a small price is paid for them at the Company's store. The men examined by me liad been recently at the rookeries for the purpose of procuring such skins, and reported that they had got no more than usual, and the agent of the Corajjany corroborated their statements. Natural Indications of former extent of Ground occupied by Seals on the Priltyloff Islands. While on the PribylolT Islands in 1892, my attention was frequently called to the yellowish grass {Glyceria (mgustata),vih\.ch grews in the vicinity of all the rookeries on both St. Paul and St. George Islands. It was asserted by the United States' Treasury Agents that this yellow grass marked the limit of the ground that had within recent years been continuously covered by seals, which, if correct, would tend to show a very great decrease in seals frequenting the islands during this time. During the entire season, careful note was made of all facts that could hare any bearing upon this question. 1 noticed at the time of my first visit to a rookery on St. Paul Island in 1892 (Ist July) that much of this grass-covered ground was dotted with boulders of various sizes, upon which were mature lichens. Even small stones that were less than a foot above the ground were completely encrusted V)y them, affording incontestable proof that even were it admitted that the yellow grass, in all probability, marked the ground upon which seals have been at some time or another, its presence is no evidence that tho ground had been occupied by them within recent years. The climate of tho Pribyloff Islands is in every way suited for tho rapid growth of lichens, and every rock and stone that has been undisturbed for a sufficient length of time is covered with them. Soon after the islands came under the control of the United States an embankment was built at tho back of the house now occupied by the agents of the North American Commercial Company. It rests upon a base or foundation about * " Monogrtph of North American Pinnipeds," p. 408. 149 4 foot in licii^lit, foiiipnsod of siufill lioiildors nnd l)rok('ii piccos of stoiu; laid niio above tlu; otlicr, liiit not fiistou'd loi^oflicr liy mortar (,r any other cenicnt. Tiic roujjli siu-raccs of tlicsc roi-l<s alTnrd tlic s|)or('s of liolicnsa nmcli better cliance (il'lixiiii; them- selves than tlic seiil-polished roeks near rookeiies or lianlinij-Lji'oiinds. Lichens are now growing,' on a ]iart of tlu; rocks of which the (oiiiidaliou is C()m])()sed, hut many of them — the smootlier onr.^-nre still (juitc hare. Only four have on tlieni lichens on which a])otliecia are apj)arent, and in tiicse cases tiiey aro only |iai'tlally developed, and many y<!ars must elajj'^o before thi'y reach maturity. It is thus evident that und(;r the most faviairable conditions, at least tw<'nty years are necessary for tlu; full development of lichens ijrowiny on tla.'so islands. The same or closely allied s])ecies on the coast of England have been found to retjuire at least twice that length of time to fully mature. In 1884, a wall was built behind a new store ercefid by the Alaska Commercial Company, On a few of the stones of which it is composed licliens are br'giuning to grow, hut there are none that show the slightest sign^ of fruetilication. Tu ISS.J, new (Muhatikmenls were built at both ends of the one first I'cferreil to above, or, rather, if \vas extended in l)oth dii-ections. On none of the rocks at the bases of these recently built enihaukmenf.s are lichens to bo seen with the exception of live, ou which are growing a lew small plants without apotbecia, and in every one of these cases remains of old dead lichens are to I)e found on the same rocks which were doul)tless there when tin; stones were placed. It is an accejjted fact that lichens increase nnicb moii: qu'ckly during the early stjiges of their growth than after they have l)cgun to mature, and while they may in a com])aratively small number of years give evidence ■ f bearing apothecia, a much longer time must elajise before they mature. The atte.i*ion of iMr. J. Stanley Brown and Mr. Townsend was called to the lichens growing on ii;cks on the breeding-groimds, and to their being lew or none on the embankments r<.lerr,xl to above. ^Ir. Townsend had collected several specimens of rocks on which lieb.nis were growing, " in order that," as lie said, " I may show how soon after sea!,> have been on the rocks they become covered with lichens," but when siiown ihe walls on which no lichens were growing he at once threw liis specimens awiy. As more than three-fourths, probably lour- fifths, of the ground now covered by yellow grass is also dotted with roeks on which mature lichens are found, it is certain that seals liave not been upon such parts of the rookery-grounds for many years, for ia dry weather these lichens arc brittle, and wf/uld crumble and b-reak oil were even a small number of seals to drag themselves ove • them, and when a rock is damp a single seal passing over it rubs off all lichens touched by it. Seals driven from the "parade ground " on Heef rookery pass behind that part of it called Garboteh, and, for about 100 yards over what was formerly a part of Garliotch i-ookery. The rocks at this place have been completely bared of lichens on the sides timt are come in contact with by the seals as they travel over them, while on the opposite side they <!xlubit in most cases lichen-covered faces. Wlien on St. George Island, I noticed (15th Ju}y) at the western end of Xorth rookery, that a small band of bachelor or young male seals, numbering not inore than 200, had chosen a new place for climbing up the bank that sloped from their hauling- ground to the sea, or at Icfist a part of the slope that had not b(!en used for many years, as it was covered with large tufts of grass from 18 inches to 2 feet in diameter, and with flowering plants of many species. The rocks, too, wore covered with lichens, except in the centre of the little depression up which the seals climbed ; here they had been all rubbed ofT. The tussocks of grass were in some places worn down quite to the ground, and along the line travelled over by the seals when going to or from the water had been worn away. Two weeks later I visited the same place, and found that, while tlic number of young seals haiiled-out there had not increased, the ground over which they moved in their passage to and from the sea oould iif>t b(> distinguished from that over which seals wen; known to have travelled for many years. All forms of vegetation had disappeared from it, while no lichens Avere to be seen on any part of th(5 rocks they passed over, exccjit on such places as from the shape of the boulders could not have been touched by the seals' bodies. The yellow grass above mentioned {Ghjceria angustatn) is by no means peculiar to occupied rookery-grounds. It grows on many placs 'n both islands, that are either not now frequented by seals or never have been. At Kursoolah, a bay between Zapadnio rookery and South-west Point, the ground is covered for a long distance with a thick, though short, growth of this grass, to the complete exclusion of other forms of vegetation. Seals have not been known to visit this place for many years. What .'jO lengtli i)f timo ijrnuiul that Ikis hoeii rubbed bnro and boatoii dnwu by soals \\ould roinaiii in tliat condition is uncorfain, but wlicn grass bcijins to grow upon it only a few blades apjicar the first y<'ar, tlic second year it forms little (dunijjs tbat sonio- tinios l)ear seed, wliile tbe third year it attains considerable size, a dump tben being from 4 to C> inelu's in diameter, ft, is impossible to determine the length of time required for these clumi)s 1o beconv- united so as to form a eonipaot sward. Early in the month of July 1S!)2, ^Mr. Urowu, ^Mr. Townscnd, and T marked out a small ])lot of ground about 2t) y.ards sipiaro at the back of Reef rookery. A few small bunches of grass of three or i'our blades each were growing upon it. This spot was visited many times during tbe summer, and as late as the I'jtb Scptembcn-, hut, no cbang(; in the grass growing on it was npiiarent. 'l^his ])articnlar piece of ground was chosen, as we all three were certain that if had not been oecupii-d by seals in ISOl Then; were large tracts of yellow grass betwceii this plot aiul Tleef rookery on flic one band and fiarboteh rookery on the otluu", proving the ground to be W(dl adapted to its growth ; y(>f in two years the grass that had grown upon it would not con- tinuously covei' a square yard. In onlv one instance was grass found growing on ground on which seals wore known to have been within a year ; this was at Zap.adnie rookery on the I'itb August. JFr. Brown i)ointed out to nu- at this time a small area near the southern limit of the rookery, on which, he said, seals had been lying early in flu; season. TIuwc were ntme on it at the time of our visit, but in a drain-like depression that ran across it little clum])s of /)i^'.vr7/nm/).v/n r(r.'7)(7o.vrt were growing ; no young plants of Gliji-rria imyuxlatu were to be seen, nrscliniiiiisid c/rspilosa might be called the charaeferisti(' gi'ass of the islands, as it grows cverywh(>re except in very sandy soil or on the moors and bigb uplands. Almost every scjnarc yard between Tolstoi and Za])adnio ro(dieries and Bogoslof Mountain is covered with it. It reaches to tho limit of most of the rookeries, and in many pbu'cs wl.ere the ground has been long unoccupied by seals, it is encroaching on " tbe yellow grass limit." I had, bowcver, never before seen it growing nearer than Ghjceria mujiistata to occupied roidvcries. I made a careful examination of the ground on which it was growing, and found that the little depression referred to above extended back to a large patcb of Dcschnmpf-'id rrrspitosn, from which the seeds had doubtless been carried. No other similar case Avas afterwards noted on any part of eitber island. When seals have been in considerable numbers on rookery-ground, it becomes so smooth and hard that, except in rare; instances such as that mentioned nbov-', seeds could 7iot possibly take root and grow upon it until at least one year had passed, and, as shown above, many years must then elapse before the ground becomes entirely covered by grass. At South-Avcst Point (Seelah) Mr. l>rown called my attention to I be large area covered by yellow grass, '^^()re than half of this area was dotted witli small seal- polished ro(dcs that were covered with mature lich(>ns, while one large patch of it was completely surrounded by a luxuriant growth of l']lymus. Seals ceased coming to Ibis place in 1887, but for many years previous to that date the numbin" had been growing smaller. It seems probable that these grass-grown areas near rookeries were at some time bared of vegetation by seals. I bad many o])porfunities in 1892 for noting that even a small band of hoUuschickie would in a week destroy every vestige of vegetation on a considerable area, leaving tho ground perfectly bare. As these young male seals change their hauling-grounds many times during the season, a considerable extent of new "round is bared bv them evcrv vear, and, thouii-b .seals mav not for manv seasons baul-out at this place again, it will, in time, heconm covered wifh Gbjcrria mujustiita, and cannot then be distinguished from similar areas on whieb s(-als had been many years before, for, when ground is once taken possession of liy this grass, it seems to exclude all other plants with the exception of Dcschampsin ceespitosn and a large Arlimcsia. Wlien on the islands I was again and again told that flic yellow grass marked tbe limit to which seals liad reached. Admitting this to be true, there is no way of determining what proportion of this ground has been occupied by seals at one time. Tho lichen-covered rocks prove that much of it lias been deserted by them for many years, while there are other parts of it that exhibit unmistakable (widcnee that seals have been on it within a few years ; and in yet other cases seals were seen in great numbers "in 1891 and 1892 haulcd-out to the extreme edge of the ground defined by yellow grass, and in not a few instances a long way beyond it. ■\Vhcn the rookeries on St. Paul Island were last visited in September, it was 151 found that ni nil the larijccr rookorios, suoh ns Tlcof, Tolstoi, and Polavina, the soals had haul(?(l-oiit as far ns lliorc was ;iny sirens of their nvcr havinu' 1)C<;n hoforo, and in many cases much farth<;i' ; i)hotoi,'niiiIis showing; this wore taken at all the pi'ineipal rookeries. Comparative Numbers of Seals on the Prihijloff Islands in 1891 and 1892. In 1801 I arrived on St. Paul Island in company with the British Commissioners, and first visited the rookeries there on the 2Sth July. Loni; hd'oro that date, in 1892, I was, trustini; to my memory alone, tliorou<;hly convinced that there were more seals on t?'e rookeries and haulin!,'-jjroundsof tliat island than there were in 18!)1, and a com- parison of photo;^raphs taken in that yeur with tlioso procured in 1892 proves that my memory was not at fault. A])art from this, however, the rookery- and hauling-grounds themselves exhihited tinmistakahle oviilenee that the numher of seals was greater in 1892 than 1891. At Znpadnic, Tolstoi, lleef, and North-east rookeries any increase or decrease in the size of the rookeries can at once be detevmined by the appearance of the ground that marks their linuts. There is never any didiculty in distinguishing ground on which seals have been in the previous year from that which has not been occupied by them within two or more years. The first year after seals have been on any particular area the ground remains hard and smooth, and it is seldom that even a few blades of grass show themselves. The rains of one summer and the frosts of two winters do much to loosen the soil, and in the second year its surface i)rcsents quite a different appearance. Before the end of August nearly all the rookery-ground that bore evidence of having been occupied by seals the previous season was again covered by them. At North-east Point in particular, it was easy to see that there bad been a material increase in the number of breeding-seals. Last year, the extreme limit to which seals reached at Hutchinson Hill was tlie crest of the hill, but in 1892 its summit was, late in August, covered with female seals and pups. They (extended back so far that the shelter for the watchmen, built some years ago on this hill, could not be reached or occupied without disturbing the seals. Standing at Sea-Lion Neck on the 22nd July, and looking nortli over the immense rookery that covers that part of North-east Point, Mr. Miller, who was engaged in hiking photographs for the United States' Government, said to mo that there were more seals there than there had been when he photographed the same ground about a week later in 1891. At lleef rookery, in 1891, the breeding-seals reached in a scattering way, in August, almost to the ledge of rocks that separates the breeding- and liauling-grounds on the south side of Beef Point, from what Elliott calls the " jjarade ground." In 1892 breeding-seals reached (juite to (his lodge, and late in August females and young had in small numbers climbed uj) the rocks, and wore scattered for some little distance beyond them. At the south-west point of this rookery the breeding seals were, from the first of the season, hauled out in great numbers close up to the rocks that separate it from the "parade ground." This area is not included by Elliott in his Map of llccf rookery, showing the ground occupied bv breeding seals in 1874. On the 11th August, at Lukannon and Kctavie rookeries, it was noticed that while all bare ground had seals scattered ov(n' it, the breeding seals bad covered so much new ground that it was impossible to reach (he stone cairns, or '■' niyaks," from which photographs had been taken earlier in the season, and which had been erected in 1891 under Mr. Brown's directions, to mark the limit to which seals had ever reached. At Zapadnie rookery it was impossible to tell whether the breeding seals had increased or decreased, as the holluscliickie on all |)ar(s of (hat rookery arc liauled out betwr-cn the breeding seals and the outer edge of the hauliug-grounds, the breeding seals lying l)etwecn them and the water. At Tolstoi and Polavina rookeries the sandy na(urc of much of the soil al the back of the breeding-grounds made it diflicult to note how far the seals had extended in the jirevious year, but there was no unoccupied ground that showed signs of having had seals on it in 1891. As was to be expected, in accordance with the relatively small number of young seals killed in 1891, it was everywhere apparent that the number of holluscliickie had increased. At every hauling-ground they covered the areas on which seals had been last year, and at every one of them large bands of hoUuschiekio had hauled out on new ground. This is shown in jjliotographs of Zapadnie, North-cast Point, Lukannon, &c., on St. Paul Island, and North and Starrv Arteel rookeries on St. George Island. [117] ' 2 11 152 During the time I was on the Pril)ylo(T Islands I never heard anj one, white or native, say that there were fewer seals tlian there were? Inst year, thonu;!) it was frcciucntly said in my hearing (hat tluTe were not so iiany seals now as ther'- were in former ye.irs. ^[r. Stanley lirown expre-ised threat snrprise when he heard that the pclajjic catch had been hir^e, as. from the ajipearanee of the rooUerics, he had eomc to the c^onclusiou that but few seals could have been killed at sea. Injury to Sealt: resultintj from "Driviutj" on the Islands. When on the Pribyloff Islands T was present at four "food-killings," three on St. Paul Island and one (m St. Oeor'^'e Island, and was thus enabled to ('";(<rvo carefully the methods employed by the ai;ents of the North .American Comi n rcial Company, and the natives working under them, in select ing from the thousands of seals driven to the killing-i,'ronnds the few hundreds (hat were to be killed. I had expected that the driving and killing of these seals would be under the direct suiier- vision of an ofTicer of the (lovernnu'nt, for while it was well understood that the skins of the seals killed would be takcMi over 1>y the Company, (he object of the killing during the modus rireiidi was supposed to be not for the purpose of taking skins for the Company, but to sujiply the natives with food. F did not myself accomiiony the natives during the whole progress of a driv(! from the hauling-grounds lO the killing-grounds, but on three occasions on St. I'aul Island I accompanied the drive for some distance before the killing-grounds were reatihed. On none of these occasions did an ofTwer of the United States' (iovcrnment see anything of (he 'o.tIs until they were all driven together near the killing-ground, and once the kill " h' '. to be delayed for some time until the Treasury Agent reached the ground. OiU'c idy on either island did an ofTicer of the Government in my presence interfere in any way with the natives or the agents of the Company in tluMr work of clubbing and skinning the seals, or make to them any suggestion as to which seals ought to bo killed and which sjiared, and the number of seals killed on every occasion (Irj)en(led not upon the wants of the natives, but entirely upon the number there were in the drive that were thought by the agents of the Company to bo of a size that would give to them skins of the greatest value. The one instance referred to above was at the killing on the 1st July. A seal with apparently a broken shoulder was allowed by the natives to escape, though they noticed its condition. Colonel ^lurray then ordered one of them to go after it, and it was killed. At this killing less than 300 skins were taken. A careful account was kept by me of the luimber of seals that were driven up to the clubbers, and were allowed to escajjc after having been huddled together on the killing-ground, while those of a killable size were selected from the drive. But 1 t'l per cent, of the whole number of seals driven at this time were killed, ■while among those that escaped I counted seventeen that wi-re badly enough bitten or wounded to bleed considerably, and there were doubtless many more that I failed to notice. Three of those injured were young seals that liad evidently been struck by the clubbers, as they were badly cut about the head. (Jne seal, about (i years old, that had been wounded in the belly, M'as allowed to escape. I went to wiiere it had rested for a few minutes, and found as much clotted l)lood as would have filled a breakfast cup. Another seal had a gash in its back about 5 inches long, and though a four-year-old seal of the size that was being killed was allowed to go free, as the skin had been injured. A wounded or bleeding seal was to bo seen in nearly every small pod of from thirty-five to fifty that passed through the hands of the clubbers. 'I'here were, of course, many others that had blood on them that had come from the killed or wounded seals, but on the seventeen referred to above the wounds could be plainly seen. At the killing of the 25th July one young seal escaped with a broken nose, and another with an eye hanging out. Such things attracted no attention from either the natives or the officer of the Government or Company, being apparently considered by them to be quite matters of course. I noticed at every killing on St. Paul Island at wliich I was present, that as each little pod of seals was driven from the killing-ground to the lagoon 20 or 30 yards away, one or more lagged behind the others, moving with great difficulty, and by means of their fore-Hippers only, as if their backs or hinder parts had been hurt in some way. They seemed to revive after the water was reached, and it was not possible for me to determine whether the injury was of a kind that Avould alFect them permanently or not. 16S No Imttcp ])r()nf of tlic injury (loiii* to seals by di'iviiig coiiM hi- liad tliaii to walk alon<,' (lie nmtc lolliivvi',! 'v tln'iu wlicn driven from a li;iuliiii;-ni'"imiil lo Mm; Ivillin!?- f^roiuul. Till' i;niiiiiil is on all sides strewn willi bones; and if tiieri- lias 1 ,i a recent drivi!, many roltiriLT <'arc:isses ar(^ also to be seen. The day afler a drive from .Middle Hill f walked fur aboni a mile from tlie sall-lionse alonj^ tlie ronle over ulLieii tlio seals iiad been driven, and found si'venteen eareasses of seals that bad become over- heated, and bad been killed so that their skins mi^hi be saved. I found cnie dead seal lyini; in a small ])ond of \rater, about a nnle from the l<illin'j;-nrouiids, tlirouL;'li wiiicli tbo seals had been driven : it bad no doubl beeoni(! exhausted, and, lyin^' down there, bad escaped the notice of the drivers. The fur was still i;'ood. The eareasses referred to above were all of animals of Ibe size of wbieb the skins would be of the weii;ht re(juir<'d by tli(" Company, and much better able to bear the fati^aie of tlu' loni,' drive than the yoniiLfer ones. As actual eonnlini; at four killintjs show tbat liss thati 20 per cent, <>( the seals driven were of what the agents of the Company coTisidored a killabb^ si/c, the number of young seals hurt while being driven must bo very great, but not, I tbiidv, greater than those injured when the mnmIs are huddled together surrounded by the clubbers. AVith no escajio in any direction they draw nearer one another, until tlu-y are at last crowded so closely together tbat little more than their heads are visible, exc<'pt when one ui the larger seals struggles out from among the others : if of a strugglintc mass. killable size, it is knocked on the head and falls back into the The " ]pod " is continually poked and stirred n[) by the clubber, in order tbat the seals may be ke])t moving; anil when all that are of the pro]ier size have been (dubbed the others ar<' driven IVom the killing-grounds, with cries from the clubbers and the beating of pans by the attendant boys. If by ebance a " killable" seal escapes with the younger ones, a club is thrown at it, and though many are .struck in this way, T nev<'r saw one stunned or prevented from reaching the lagoon, a short distanc" away. "Whether sucdi seals receive permanent injury it is imi)ossibl(! to say, but the throwing of the club at them always appeared to me an act of wanton cruelty, or a sort of i)astime to amuse the clubbers while the ue;ct " jiod " of seals was being driven up. While tlu! seals wore huddled togctlior on the killing-ground the clouds of steam rising from thcui showed jdaiidy the over-heated coiulitior; of the animals. 'i'he only duty of tlu,' Treasury Agents at these killings a[)peareil to b(! to take down in a jierfuiuitory manner the number of seals killed as called out to him by the chief clubber. No other co>int but this was ever made on the fudd, both the Government and the Company depending entirely upon the counting of the skins in and out of the salt-houses when estimatinc' the number of seals taken. Raids. During the months of July and August 1892 no guard was stationed upon any rookery on either island witli the exception of Xorth-east Point on 8t. I'aul Island, and Zapadnie (m St. George. Polavina and Zapaduie rookeries on the former island, aiul (Jreat East and Starry Arteel rookeries on the latter, were left without a guard of any kind, and three of these four rookeries are kno^vn to bavi; been raided in recent years. On the 10th July I walked on St. George Island from the villaije to Zapadnie rookery with the two natives who were going to relieve the watchmen there. One was a young man about '20 years of age, the other a boy of 12 or 13. "When we reached the guarc'-bouse I found that the guards to be i-olieved were an chlerly man with but one arm, and a boy of about the .same age as the one referred to above. I was afterwards told by Dr. Noyes, the Manager on St. George Island for the Company, that when the killing season was at its height this one-armed man was the only guard kept at Zapadnie. He was unable to as.sist in any way at the killings, so was employed as a watchman. Two or three men were kept at North-cast Point, St. Paul Island, and this jjlaco is connected witli the village by a telephone-line. Early in August 181)2, however, the receiver or transmitter at one end of the line got out of order, and it was rendered useless as a means of communication between these places. At tlu; time of my departure from the island on the 12th Scpicnber it was still in this conditicm, and there was apparently no prosj)ect of its being repaired before next spring, iloro than two Lours would he required by the watchmen to reach the village were a raid to be, inado at North-east Point, and the same time to return with assistance. Tliis, with the time cousumed in rousing the people at the village, would give any r.iidcrs ample ir.-t opporhmity to do tlicir work, as I bare been assured by several men who have actually raided tlie islands that four liours is the time usually required to make a successful raid, so that North-east Point was in 1802 practically without protection. Polavina rookerj' is 6 miles from either the villa<;e or North-cast Point, and any night the wind served, or even on fofjtry days, raids might he made there and nothing be known of them at the village. Although Zapadnie rookery can he seen fron) the village, and on this account is supposed to he safe, it was at this very place that the skins taken by the crew of the " Borealis," late in 1891, were procured. I was told by one of the men engaged in the raid that, at the time it was made, a revenue-cuttcr was lying at anchor near the village, and less than 2 miles from the rookery, that the night was clear— so clear that they could see from the schooner not only the lights of the cutter, hut the vessel itself. Tliey wci-e desperate, however, and sailed in close to the rookery, landed, and secured lOO skins without being seen or heard. While on St. Paul Island, in 1892, three dilfercnt rookeries were named to me as the one on which this particular raid was made. Nothing was known of it on the islands until the arrival of the revenue-cutters the next spring, and the officers on these vessels had heard of it through the raiders themselves. TVhile in Victoria, British Columbia, in :May 1892, two of the crew of the schooner " Challenge" gave me particulars of the raid made on Great East rookery, St. George Island, late in 1891, and when on St. George Island in July I asked Dr. Xoyes, the Alanager of the Nortli Amei'ican Commercial Company on that island, for an account of the raid, lie told me that the morning after tlie raid a native, who had been collecting wood, came in with the report tliat there were dead seals on Great East rookery, but that no vessel was in sight. The number of seals killed was not ascer- tained, as tliey did not wisli to disturb tliose still on the gromd. A man was sent across the island, and came back with word that a schooner was anchored in Garden Cove. Guards were jiut on all the rookeries, hut no further attempt at raiding was made, and nothing more was seen of the vessel. Starry Arteel seems to have been in former years a favourite rookery for raiding, as Dr. Noyes si)oke of several raids having been made there in difCercnt seasons, though he did not know the names of the vessels. lie told me that in 188G a native came in, and infcn-med him that he had seen dead pu])s on Starry Arteel ifjokery. On going there he (Dr. Noyes) found a numlii r of dead seals lying on the shore, and while he was looking at tliem a native called out tliat he thought he saw a boat under the cliff to the westward of Starry Arteel. Two nativts were sent along the clills witli guns, but no boats could be seen. The clilTs at tiiis place are about 900 feet high and ovevliang the water, so tliat a boat could not he seen from above. Dr. Noyes said tliat schooners formerly came in elosi- to the island early in the evening and lowered their boats, whicJi, after making the raid, were taken under the clitfs, and the following night were picked up by the scliooner. The next day a schooner was seen far out at sea — it had been foggy before — and a guard was ])ut on all the rookeries. During the night two boats were detected close under the cliff Avhere the n.'itiviis had reported them tlie day before. The watelimen ordered the boats to stop, tiireateniiig to (h'c at them if they did not do so, and the boats not stopping they did fire, not at the men hut over tlieiii : two men were, liowever, wounded. Dr. Noyes did not learn until 'he following year that tiie miMi had been wounded. Tic Avas told of it tlieii by oHleers on the revenue-cutter " Eush," to which they had gone for assistance. He had never told the natives that they had wounded the men, as they would, lie said, rather let every seal he taken than shoot any one. In this connection ilr. "Wardman, Unitetl States' Treasury Agent on the Priliyloff Islands for several years, may lie quoted : " I asked a man one ds.y if he would slioot if we look after a pirate, and he said lie would not. It was diily with great persuasion 1 could get him to imll me oil' in a boat. It is lU) use putting i^uiis into their hands. I asked him why lie would not shoot, and he said he did not want to kill a man. Thoy are very cowardlv."* Even were ■ Ttive guards placed on eveiy rookery on both islands, they would thus afford no reji^ jirolection against raids. They might be briiied by tiie raiders, or might neglect t .<'■ liities and not patrol the rookeries on dark or foggy nights, and even were f.ood wr i,ch kejit and the presence of raidei-s detected they would be useless, ai"! a" tlie inost would hut iiurry to the village for help. It is assumed that if a reveiiuc-r "t'oi wcr(> kiqit at each island, no fuithei protection would be- jieeessury ; but it has been shown that at least one sucee^'iul raid w;is made while the cutter vres • II. It., SOtb Congresi, 2nd Sesiion, llcport Ns. 38S3, p. 34. 155 any ling (he the I by actually in sight of tlio roolcery being raidtMl, All (.be revenue-cutters habitually come to aiicbor at nigbtlall when near tlio islands, if possible at the village, so that practically the whole island exceptini^ t' f.t j)avt of it near the villag(! is open to the raiders. Vessels arc known to have anchored to the northward of St. Paul Island for weeks, running in to the i:.!rind at night to kill seals on the rookeries. A proper guard , tationed at each rooaory might jirovent such raids, but a vessel anchored at the village can never do so. Number of Seals required for Food of Natives. Between the 19th May and the 18tii .Tune, 1892, inclusive, there were live "killings" on St. Paul Island, "he average number of seals taken at each killing being about l'J.'> ; these were doubtless sulljcient to supply the natives with fof)d, as there was at that time no lack cjf seals. On the 2.")th .Tune the number was suddenly increased to 497, aiul each killing thereafter averaged a little less than 1(»0 seals. During the lli-st nine days of August 1:^70 seals were killed on St. Paul Island, an average of over l.'tO for each (i;iy, considerably more than tlu> average weekly killing earlier in the season. During the whole summer a certain small portion of the seal moat was dried by the natives for th'"ir own use, and many kegs and barrels of salted meat were, besides, prepared as usual for nativ's at Unalaska, and sent to them. A smoke-house was built under the direetioti of the United Shites' Treasury Agent, but up to the 1st .Inly no attempt had been marie to cure any of the flesh. The smoki.'-house was at last lilled with nu'at that ha<l Ium'u so.aked in brin(>, but, not having been ])roj)erly dried bel'ore being hung up. this first lot of nu.'at rotted and bad to he thrown away. I was told that later aitemj)ls were more successful, but I saw none of tln^ cured meat. As a rule, only the best parts of the carcasses wi're taken, aiul great quantities of fb-sh were left to rot upon the killin.g-grouuds after every drive. But a- small portion of the ilesb of the 29;5 seals killed at Polavina rookery on the Stb August was saved. Had the re(]uirements of the natives been considered, no more seals wiudd have been killed during the summer months than were a<;tually required for fooil at the time. It would have be(>n uuich Itctter had nu-at that was to be salted or smoked been prepared late in autumv instead of in .luly and August, .as there would have then been less risk of it spoilinu;; and had even 1,'M)0 of the seals killed during the lirst nine days of August been spared until November, the n;dives would have had fresh nuvat in greater quantily, and as it kee[)s well when frozen, its use could have been extended over a greater period of time. I walked over the killing-ground at St. Oein-gc on the 1st August, and noted many carcasses from which no meat a\ batevcr b.ad be(>n taken, while from others the fore-flippers only luid been removed. Natives were? observed on several days pre\ious to this to go to the killing-ground, and cnl from the carcasses meat in small (juantities as it was required. 'I'he seals from which the uu'at was taken were killed on the aist.Tuly. A\'hen on St. P;iul Island in IS'.ll, at the request of the Ib'ilish Commi-^sioners, Ihc parts of a seal that are eaten by the natives \vere cut from one weighing S.") lbs., the skin of which weighed 8 lbs. ; it was found that the flesi weighed 25 lbs., and the heart, liver, tongue, and kidiu-ys, all of whieb mav b(? and often are eaten, 5 lbs. AV)^' rrt'i'niiKj In titr Mrlliotl nf tnl;ii\ij Sr-als iil Srd. In the expectation of being .able to take seals on the way north, I to'>k with nu', when 1 embarked on the " (^)iiadra," a s(>alinL':-boat of the jiatlern now exelusiv<'ly tised by the white hunters. This boat I ke]!!, with me all summer, ;uid had ample opportunity of juilging of its suilahility for the work for wliieh it is intended. These boats n\v Ughl, swift cralt. and are so built that either end answers e(|ually well as the bow. They are propelled by short, paddle-like oars, commonly called [laddles by the sealers, the lightness of which enables th" oarsmen to pull very (juickly, and so, mIicu lU'eessary, turn the hoal very easily. This is seldom necessary, however, (>xcepl when a wounded seal is being (diased, and is not then really necessary exee])t in or<ler to ))ut the rowers out of danger when the hui\ter fires at ;i se.al whi<'h is badly wounded and eoiiies up behind ihe boat; then a lew strokes »f the oars carries the boat to it without the ueees>ity of ils being turned round, as one of the rowers l.ices each way. \\'hen necessary to go .astern fhe " boat-pulh r " In-comes the " boat- sleerer," and virr irrsd. The term " boal-slei-rer " is applied to the rower, or "paddler," who, under ordinary circuuislanccs, sits in the stern of the boat, and lll7i * 2 8 166 tliough lie assists in propelling the l)oat, faces the how and guides it as well. I saw many of these l)oats at various places, and all were of ahout th(! same size and huilt on the same model. ATPEXDIX (A). Off Triaw/k hlnrtd, Ma,/ 11, 1892. WK, tlie Undersigned, certify that we were with Jlr. Jlactmn when hi; visited West Haycnck Ishiiid this innniiriL;, and tliat we saw from the boat fur-seals all almij^ the west side of the island in bunches of two oi- three, while off the south end there was a liuneh of ei,i,'lit or ten. "When frij,'hteued they (lid not j,'o nut to sea, but kept alon;^ the shore or went into um uf the narrow cliunnel.s that separate the roekv islets lying oil the main island. (Signed) N. E. GAliDXEK,) n. MrCAl.I-. )■ Seamen. HUGH KKNNY, J G. G. GEKOW, Scal-lmntcr. WM. UWEN, Chief Mate. APPENDIX (B). Declaration of Richard Maynard. Dominion of Canada, Province of Britisli Columbia, City of Victoria. I, RUIHARI) MAYXAllD.of the city of Victoria, and Province of British Columbia, do .solemnly declare : — 1. That durin;,' the latter part of the month of .Tuly, and for nearly th.e wliole of the mouth of August, I was em])loyril in taking ]ihotot;i-iiplis on the I'ribvloff T.slands. 2. That on the' 2:ird day of Au;.,'ust, ISOL', I \isited Tolstoi liookiTy, on St. I'aul Island, in company with Lieutenant Ainsworth, Assistant Treasury Agent on St. Taiil tsliini!, Mr. Jfacoun, an Agent of the British (Government, and Aiitone Melovedofl', chief hnatman in liic ciuploy of the Xorlh American Ccunmercial Coni]iany. ;f. We walked to that- part of Tolstoi Bookerj- on which dead pups were lying in great inimbers, and while we were all standing within a l"ew yards of the limit of the ground on wliich these dead pups were, Mr. JIacoun aski'd Antone MehjvedolV whether he ihought there were as many of tliem as there were last year, to which he rei)!ied, "More; nnue than I ever saw before." I was asked by Mr. Maeoun to partiiadarly note what wits saitl, and did so. 4. And I make this soh'nni declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true, and by virtue of "Tlie Act respecting E.\tra-.l lulicial Oaths." (Signed) lilClFAbMi MAYNMID. Declared before me at the city of Victoria, British Columbia, this ."ith day of November, 1892. (Signed) A. ,St. 0. Flint, No/nn/ Piihlirfor lirilUh Colitmhia (Seal.) APPENDIX (C). Captain Farr to Itear-Admiral Bolham. Sir, " Afctpomcne," <it K-iqninialt, Oiiolirr 20, 18',12. IN answer to your Memoranduni of the 12th instant, with the attached letter from Mr. .1. Af. Maeoun, I have th(; honour U> furward herewith a copy of the log of this ship, ,';o far as it relates lo the wcatlier e.\i)eriiuiccd while cruizing in the liebring .Sea. 2. There is also entered the days wbi'U uliservations for detiTmining the positi(ai wiue obtained, or ihe reveine, and tliis a})pe,irs to me to lie the must important point wii.li regard to vi^ssels having to ke(;p (inlsidc a certain limit ; lor I take it tlial that limit wouhl be such a distance from the islanils that even in the cleari'sl weather bearings would be unoblainable. :!. Willi reference to llie possibility of any ■ither 8i'aliiig->rliooiiers having been taking seals in the neighboiirhoiid uf the I'ribylolV Islands besides those cii|itiiied. [ have heard it stated that one \essel claimed to l.avi' doiii^ so to the e\tint of sniiic lltO skins, but I think even that is doubtful. If the; iriug Sea by seiiliiig-schooners is takea at oOO, I should say that it. tiilal nuiiilier of seals killed in would largely exceed the mark. [ have (Signe.1) Sit: A. A. <'. I'AUIJ, ( 157 ) Comparative Stafement respecting tlic Climatic Cotiditions of certain Places in tJie Northern- Part of tJic North Pacific Ocean, by C. Carpmael, F.R.S.C., Director of the Meteorological Service of Canada. Mr. Carpmael to tlie Eon. C. H. Tvppcr, M.P., Minister of Marine and Fiditries. Sir, ^ Mckorolniical Offm, Toronto, Dcmnber 22, 1802. IK ;ir.(;iml:inri! with your ro(niest, I send ym a sliort cuiiiiiai'isnu •'( tin: cliiimti.'s lictwi'en Alay and Oclul.icr (if St. I'aiil Fsland, Boliriiig Island, and Kolilvn Island, with tho-in of the Kniili' Islands, tho coast of Kanitscliatka, the Aleutian Islimd.s, and the coast of Ala.skn. The comparison is cliiclly confined to ti'iniicralurc, as the pnlilishcd ini'onnaLion whicli i i'.avc bcc-ii able to lind with respect to nundjer of rainy days, foi;, cloud, &c., is very ineaj;rc. Such information as I liavt.t heen aide to find with respect to St. I'aid Island sceni.s to show that fogs and lli;ht raiii.s are of freipient occurrence. It is stated in the United States' Ccn.sus for ISHO, licport on the Seal Islands of Alaska, that the wind in summer is always ladcu with foji, while a Tabic of observations is yivcn, which shows thirty clays' prcci|iitali(ni in Se|)teinber 1872 with a total fall 2S'.I i.nchcs, twenty-nine il.iy.s and -'MIS inches in Oc.tolier, and twenty-seven days with a total fall 2'3S inches in Xoveuiber 1872; and. thc-e li;,'ures are fully coidirnied by the accompanyinj,' Table referrinj; to St. Paul Island, which is compiled from the annual lleport-s of the Chief Sij^nal Ollicer, Wa-sliiugtou. Mean Tnnj'eratun: In .May the nie.in tcm]ier,aure of tiie .Meutian Islamls is a little under Id dcy;reps. .\l St. Paid Island .'i.">'7 def;rees, and liebriu;,' Island it is o.'i" degrees. At Ilobbeu Nlanil, aceonlin;,' to the lairvc-s in the " Challeni;er " IJeport, the mean temperature woidd be about 42 degrees, but I think jiossibly the mean mi;,'ht be as low as -ill deforces. The mean tem])eratures in the Knrile Islands are probably between 111 ami 44 degrees ; along the south-east const of Kamlschatka the mean is nearly 4(1 ilcgrees. while at Sitka it is 47 degrees, ami at I'lU't Simjison 4S-5 degrees. In .lune the mean at Si. Taul Island is 404 ilegrees, iit I'ehring Island 42! degrees, and at Roblieii Island probably about 4.'> degrees. The " Challenger" Keport makes the Kurile Islands some- what over ."i." dc'i'ees, Ivit the temperature at Xeniuro, taken with those on Saglialieu Islaml and at Petropaulovski, .xinlil lead nie to the conclusion that ."ill degrees must be very near the mean on all of them, anil the wholi' of the .Vlentian Islands nnist have mean teniperatnres snmewhi're I'etween 42 and t'.i degrees. .\t Sitl;ii. it is ."i2'4 <logrees, and at Port Simpson ."i2'7 degives. In duly till' mean at St. Paul Island is 4."c2 degrees, al liehring Island 471 degrees, aiiil at IJooben Island ]indiably a little under liil degrees. The mean in the .Vlentian Islands ranges between 49 and .■>2 degrees, and that in the ICiirile Islands is probalily a little miiler lin degrees, and along the south-east coast of Kanitscliatka il is ln'tweeii '''< and Ull degrees. M Sitka it is .'i."c."j degrees, an<l at Poll .Simpson ."i.'ili degrees. In .Viigiwl llie mean at Si. I'.ml Isliind is 472 degrees, at lieliring Island ."'41 degrees, at Uobbeii Island it must be nearly lill ilegri'cs. ami over the greater portion of the Kurile Islands and iilonn' I he soiith-eaiit coast of Kaml.silialka a little under iJi) degrees, vvhilst along the .Meutian Islands it riinge.s between 4ll'.l ami .">li'i ilegrees. .\l Sitkii it in o.'c'.l degrees, and at Piu't Simp.soii ."ili)! degrees. In Sepleniber the mean at St. Paul Island is 44'II degrees, at I'lehring Island. 4ic8, and at liolibeii Island it must be a little belnw ."i."> degrees, and the mean on most of tiie Kurile Nhinds. along the .south-east coa.sl of Kamt.sclialkii, no ;dl the .Vleiiliaii 1-land.i, .ilid ;,hilig the .-outhern coast of .\liiskn, and at Port Simp'^on. llie iiieaii lies iutween the extremes al these three stations. In October the mean at St. Paul lolaiid is :;'.)! degrees, at I'.ebiiiig Islaml :;7-2 degrees, luid at liobben Island aluuit 41 degrees. The more northerly of the Kurile Islunds, the south-east coast of Kamtschnlkii, the whole of ihe .Meutian Islands, and part of the southern coasi, of .Maska have a meiin ttuiipiM'aluio lying between 40 and 44 degrees, while at Sitka it is 44'.) degrees, and at I'ort SiinpHoii. 47"5 degrees. 158 Tlie accompanjiug Tnblos iiro taken from viirioiis sources as marked thereon, those for Port Simpson from the records in this ofliee, and have lioen examined by me and found correct. I have, &c. (Signed) CHAKLES CAKPMAEL, Dirtctor. Talk cairactcd from the "Pacific Coast Pilot;' Part I, 1891. Mean Temperature of the Air. Stations. Latitude. Longitude. ^ 5 »-3 ►-s to <5 1 u s « „ , Des. Deii. D«K. I)e^. IVr. DcK. Dfg. Atka Isliind, Ali'Utiiins .. .02 10 174 1,5 M-9 42-1 49-0 50-3 , , , , Attu Isliinil, Aleutian? .. :>2 50 186 48 n9-fi 48-8 52-4 51 •« 47-8 411 35-5 licliriiis; IriLnnd .. ■'j.-j 14 191 8 a9-7 42-7 48-2 54-1 50-5 38-8 28-7 I)ue I.i^h*' ^mso . . .50 :a) 142 I'll 42-4 52-0 (iO-a Bl-t; 53-1 40-5 21-1 Tcirt ToMifas, .\la-ka :A 1(1 l.iO 41 OO'.". 5(i -4 48-7 59-1 53-1 48-8 41-0 Fort Wiaiii;cl. Alaska . , 5i; 2S l:i2 2;i 48-7 55-7 58-() 57 -0 52 1 40-1 30'7 Kiuliuk, Unalaska .5a 5;i ICR -S'i !!8 7 44 ■ 9 49-1 51-9 46-9 38 8 33-8 Kusunai, Saghalion I>lMnils 48 112 20 ■lJ-0 50'0 58-5 05 '8 53-8 44'7 32-3 M'lraviit, S.iglialieji Islaml-> • • 41-4 47-7 55' 1 60 -li 55 "5 44-9 .30-6 (Jucen Cliailiitlc Islaiui .. .51 VI 132 .58 .. 53 ■ 5 57'8 57 '5 , , .. St. Paul Island .57 7 170 19 34-0 41-0 41! -4 48-4 45-1 38-9 34-8 St. I'aul, Kadiak Island.. .57 48 152 21 4;i'0 50-5 54-8 5(> 50-4 42-5 35'4 FoET Simpson, Biirnsii Cohmbia. Latitude, ,14^ 33' 1!8" N. ; Longitmlc, 130° LTi' 30" W.: Klevation, 35 feet. Mean Te-mpekatiiue. Year. May. June. Julr. .\u(!;ust. Sej)teinlKT. Oetolxr. November. ikliteis. ])<'f;rees. Deiriec-. Dej-rces. Decrees. Dffiees. I)ei;rcc8. 1886 .. 51-7 56-5 56-5 53-1 47 '0 40 '8 1887 .. 45-9 51-4 .53-4 .54-5 51-7 46-5 38'5 1888 .. 48 3 53-9 55-1 57-1 55-1 47-a 39-8 1889 ,. 50' 8 52-8 56 8 56 '0 52-8 49-1 41-9 1890 .. 49-5 53-9 56 -3 57-3 54-1 47-3 45-6 1891 .. 48-2 52-5 • • 41-1 1892 .. •• •• •• •• •• •• •■ 48 '5 52-7 55-6 56-:. 53-4 47-5 41-3 >L\.\ I M I M TKMI'KRATCRK. Yeui. May. .Itnie. .luly. -Vu^nust. .•^rpteiuher. Ociokr. November. Decrees. Dei-rces. 1 )cy:iee'i. DeiMees. Oeiinu^s. Decrees. l)ej;rees. 188(1 .. , , 6' -3 69-5 69-3 67M) 61-0 57'0 1887 .. 65 73' 11 73-1) t8'0 6|-(l 64 () 62-0 IS'BS .. 71-0 (,5'0 71 Ml (IS Ml 72 Ml 64 1) 57-0 l^"9 .. 79 -1) 66-0 71-0 73-0 6|iM) 65 Ml 58M) 1890 .. 73 (1 76-11 79 -11 73 -0 60 -0 60 '0 60 1891 .. 69-0 6(1 , , , , 57-0 18U2 .. ■• •• •■ •• •• •• 71-4 118 -9 72'7 70' 3 67 6 62 '8 5W5 169 MlNIMCM TESirEKATUKE. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1880 .. 1887 .. 1888 .. 1889 .. 1890 ., 1891 .. 1892 .. Degrees. 27'-0 30-0 35 30-0 29-6 Degree.^. 39-8 35-0 40-0 37-0 39-0 40-6 DegreeB. 440 36 40-0 42-0 39-0 Degrees. 41-0 40-0 43-0 42-0 42-6 Degrees. 39-0 34-0 38 '0 34-0 38'6 Degrees. 30-0 31-0 29-0 36-0 28-6 Degrees, 20'0 23-0 17-0 24-0 30 -e 19-6 30-3 38-G 40-2 41-7 36-7 80-9 22-4 NuMDEU of Day.s Cloudy. Year. May. JUDC. July. August. September. October. Xoveinbcr. 188B .. 17 11 18 11 22 1887 .. J7 15 17 11 14 15 15 1888 .. 12 26 14 18 18 26 20 1889 ., 19 15 K 21 21 17 18 1890 .. 12 IS 10 14 18 22 25 1891 .. 11 12 .. .. • • 18 1892 .. • • •• •• • • •• 14-2 17-2 13-2 10-4 IC-4 20-4 19-2 NUMBEH of Day.s Precipitation Year. May. June. July, .Vugust. :5ejitember. October. Xovember. 1886 .. 21 « 17 IK 21 21 1887 .. 17 10 16 17 20 23 18 1888 .. 15 23 10 1) 20 20 23 1889 .. 20 18 12 27 24 20 1890 ,. 12 18 IG 11 20 25 26 1891 .. 7 11 .. • • •■ •• 1892 .. • • •• •■ ' * • • 14 17 12 IC 20 2o 23 Nl.iMUKi: of Duv.- ('leal'. Year. May. June. July. August. S,.| tleiuber. October. November. 18S6 ,, 3 U ft 10 3 , , 1887 .. 7 6 11 n 7 1 3 1888 ., ( I 10 6 3 1 « 1889 .. 6 4 13 .. 1 J 3 18'J0 .. It; 6 :l !i 1 •• 1891 .. 8 .. ■ • •• 1S02 ., •• •• •• ■■ •• •• • • 8-8 4 U-2 4-8 5 2-4 1 [117] 2 T IGO Cloudinkss expressed in Percentage. Year. Mny. June. July. August. September, October. November. 1886 ., 74 54 72 54 77 71 1887 .. 66 02 59 59 64 73 72 1888 .. 57 89 57 C8 75 89 70 1889 .. 71 70 44 82 SO 65 76 1890 .. 44 69 G8 64 74 84 85 1891 .. 55 72 75 .. • • .. 72 1892 .. • • •• •• •• •• •• •• 59 73 59-5 r,9 09 78 74 jVmoijst of Precipitation. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1880 .. 3-60 3-50 9-80 8-69 17-43 12-61 1887 .. 3-70 3-30 6-41 3 -01 13-14 11-98 10-62 1888 .. 4-59 5-71 3-00 7-05 10-77 18-04 13-54 1889 .. 6-47 5-05 3-48 14-11 10-86 10-70 12-70 1890 .. 3-20 5-OG 4-44 0-78 15-23 12-83 19-25 1891 ,. 2-92 1-75 .. .. • • • • 17-89 1802 .. •• • • •• •• •• •• •• 4-19 4 '08 r> '01 8-39 11-74 12-04 15 '53 NuMBKR of Day.s Foggy. Year. ilay. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1880 .. 3 • ■ , , "7 1 1887 .. .• 1 6 3 1 1888 .. 2 1 J ;} 3 1 1889 .. , , , , 13 1 .. • • 1890 .. 6 4 6 1 • • 10 1891 .. 2 4 4 * • •• •• •• 1892 .. •• • • • " ■ « Sitka, Alaska. Reports of Chuf Sv/nal Officer, Washington. Latitude, 57° V N.; Longitude, ll!')'' 20' W. Mean Tempekatuhe (ludir.). Year. May. Jtine. July. August. September. October. November. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. 1881 .. .. •• • • 1882 .. . . .. • • •• •• • • 1883 .. .. • • •• ■• •■ 18S4 .. • • • • • • •• •• 1885 .. .. • . • • • ■ •• •• 1880 .. , . .. • • •• •• •• 1887 .. ■ • •• •■ •• • • •• 47-2 Jl-9 54-8 50-5 .')2'4 4.0-7 39-8 IGl Maximum TEMPEnATunK (Fnhr.). bcr. Year. May. June. July. August. September. Octolier. November. Degrees. Degrees. Decrees. Dcfcrces. Decrees. Decrees. Def^reea. 1881 .. . , 67-0 79-0 (!:i-8 57-8 52-8 1882 .. 09 -2 09-6 fifi-7 07-7 (U)-3 CO -8 51-0 1883 .. f)5-2 (12-1 f.7-S 64-0 G9-4 59-8 52-8 1884 ,. 59-4 74 -G 67-0 71'8 05 -7 .05 • 1 55-8 1885 .. 79-0 70-0 70-0 7J-0 69-0 59-0 50-0 1886 .. (il-O G8-0 72-0 72-0 02-0 59-0 54-0 1887 .. .'i8-0 72-0 fiO-O G8-0 fiO-0 •• •• 65'3 09-4 09-4 71-1 fi4'3 58-5 5u'2 MrXIMU.M TEMPEliATUllE (Fillir.). ibcr. 53 Year. ilay. June. .Tuly. August. Soptember. October. Xovcnibcr. Degrees. Degrees. Def-rfes. Def.'rees. Decrees. Decrees, Degrees. 1881 .. , . 4r,-o 43 '9 40 -5 32-0 22-5 1882 .. 32 38-0 -IS'O 43-5 34 -5 31-0 29-0 1883 .. 31-0 38-0 ■12 '7 42-5 40-0 20-0 5-0 1884 .. 30 -2 39-0 ■15-9 •)4-4 32-0 20-0 27-0 1885 .. 37-0 39 '0 ■17-0 44-0 38 -0 33-0 29 1880 .. 310 38-0 45-0 12-0 39-0 31-0 23-0 1887 .. 28-0 40-0 42 41 '0 36-0 •• •• 33-0 38-7 44-2 lo-O 37-1 29-8 22-0 ■N'^^rBEii of Pays Cloudy. iber. ' Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. Xoveiuber. 1881 .. 22 12 10 8 22 1882 .. 15 19 23 18 14 17 19 1883 .. 18 23 27 18 10 19 17 1884 .. 23 20 21 20 14 25 20 1885 .. 18 10 17 13 19 20 18 1880 ,. 14 15 15 19 20 18 21 1887 .. 17 22 23 19 17 •• • • Xl'MIUCK of Days of Precipitation. lubcr. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1881 .. 15 10 21 13 24 1882 .. 11 io 20 17 21 19 19 1883 .. 14 17 23 19 15 '■>2 20 1884 .. •2C 14 8 12 18 20 23 1885 .. 15 8 10 17 23 20 24 18SG .. 11 18 15 17 25 28 29 1887 .. 20 14 21 21 20 •• •• 1-8 162 Amocnt of Precipitatioa Year. Mny. June. Julv. • August. September. October. November. 1881 .. «• 1882 .. • • .. • • • • •• 1883 .. ,. .. • • • • •• 1884 .. .. .. • • •• 1885 .. ^^ , , . , • ■ • • 1886 .. 3-68 4'53 3-27 10-72 25-52 24-82 20-51 1887 .. • • • • • • •• ■ • •• • • 4-54 3'34 4-89 6-52 12-83 13-49 13-68 Cloudiness expressed in Percentage. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1881 .. 82 56 69 46 83 1882 .. 60 75 82 61 73 65 75 1883 .. 72 81 92 70 70 76 68 1884 .. 85 78 75 78 60 83 77 1885 .. 1886 . 69 62 44 72 68 69 59 79 79 83 80 76 76 83 1887 .. 78 76 78 71 71 * • " " Unalaska, Alaska. Latitude, 53° 53' N. ; Longitudi-, 1GG° 32' W. Mkan Tempekature (Fahr.). Year. Mny. June. July. August. September. October. November. Normal* Degrees. 40-4 DegrecB. 45-9 Degrees. 49-6 Degrees. 50-3 Degrees. 46-0 Degrees. 40-4 Degrees. 34-6 • Normal temperature obtained from Report of the Chief Signal Offieor, United States of America, 1887, Parti, p. 251. Maximi'm TEMrEiiATUKK (Fahr.). Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. 1882 .. 1883 .. 57 04 78 72 07 69 GO 61 54 1884 .. 1885 .. 58 60 G2 (54 59 54 53 1880 .. 69 •• ' • ' • 163 Minimum Tempekatcke (Fahr.). Year. May. June. July. August. Scpteuibcr. October. November. 1882 .. 1883 .. Degrees. *31 Dej;rees. .34 Degrees. 40 40 Degrees. 30 38 Degrees. 37 33 Degrees. 26 30 Degrees. 23 19 1884 .. !885 .. 31 31 39 40 34 ab 23 188U .. 31 •• • • Xu.MUrii i)f Days Clnmly. Year. May. June. .July. August. SeptcnilRT. October. November. 1K82 .. 1883 .. 24 ■J"! 23 2.'* 24 24 20 2C 21 14 24 1884 .. 1885 .. io 22 28 14 26 19 20 188G .. U Number of Days nf I'ri'ciiiitiition. Year. May. June. July. August. ScpU'inbcr. Oi.tulicr. NovcmbL-r. 1882 .. I.S83 .. 24 ill io 17 26 21 22 1884 .. 188,") .. li I'j 18 lii 26 30 22 188G .. 9 •• • ' A.MOUNT of I'rccipitiitioii. Y'ear. May. June. Ji.ly. .\\igiibt. j SepteniliLT. ' nctobev. ! 1 Noveuiber. (Koui- years) Normals* 4 -64 ■1 ■ 20 2'78 ;:-40 ' 8-04 11 -OS 9-30 • Report of Cbief Signal Oltieer, Uniteil States uf Amt'iiea, 1887, Part I, p. 2',lV. ('LuniiNEss e.xpres.'iril in IVrcontaj^'o Yiur. May. June. July. Au:!ust. Se])tenil)er. Octobtr. Novcnibir. 1882 .. 1883 .. 85 88 81') 89 S6 ^2 IS 89 81 75 ■50 87 1884 ,. 1885 .. 71 85 92 70 90 83 84 1886 .. 78 ■■ ■ ' [1171 2 U 164, Atk a. Reports of Chirf Si^inal Offinr, fVaahington. Liititude, 52° 10' 30" X.; brngituik', 171° 15' IS" "W. Maximu.m TK.Mri:iiATi:uK. Year. May. June. July. August. Septciubcr. October. November. 1881 .. 1882 .. 1883 .. Degrees. 6*2 49 Degrees. 54 72 Degrees. 63 72 Degrees. 6H 68 Degrees. I'ii 111) Degrees. 54 53 53 Degrees. 47 49 57 1884 .. , , .. .. • • • • • • 1885 .. 1886 .. 'ei 60 Vo 72 •• •• MiNi.\ii:.\i Temi'KKaicbe. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. Novcniber. 1881 .. 1882 .. 1888 .. 1884 .. 1885 .. 1886 ., Degrees. 24 29 32 Degrees. 35 32 28 1 Icgrees. 35 38 30 Degrees. 3*9 40 3fl Degrees. iii) 35 Degrees. 30 28 31 Degrees. 28 22 22 Amount of rrecipitation. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1881 .. 1882 .. 1883 .. 1884 .. 1885 .. 1886 .. 4'-*47 8-19 7* 08 4-40 4-20 7'()" 4-63 3-88 2-01 5*M3 4 '83 fi'SO 9*16 9-71 n -30 12-18 10-05 10-91 8-87 14-72 St. Paul Island, Alaska. Reports of Uniteit States' Signal Service (1873-76). Latitiido, 57° 38' K; Longitude, 100° 50' W. NuMBKTi of Day.s of I'rncipitiitiou. Year. May. June. July. August. .Sci)tcmber. October. November. 1872 .. ;iO 29 27 1873 .. 20 21 2.') 26 27 30 1874 .. 21 •J7 29 2'') 28 1875 .. 26 26 21 21) 211 19 1876 .. 31 13 .. ■ ■ 1877 .. .. .. 1878 .. , , .. .. 1879 .. .. • • • • • • 18R0 .. .. 18S1 .. • • •• 1882 .. .. .. •• 1883 .. ■• - * ■■ • * 166 Reports of United States' Sirjnal Senwx (1 873-70, 1881-83). Amount of Precipitation. Year. May. .Tune. July. August. Scptombci . October. Xov('!iibcr. 1872 .. ■J.S!, :; • OS 2-38 1873 .. 0-(iO 0-5U •J'Cj 2-(il 2 '111 .■1-89 :i-f,l 1871 .. 0-58 , , .■i-81 2-02 ."■111 ■f-82 9 ■ 28 1875 .; 'J-15 0':m •I ■ 7,-i ■J '7. J 3 ■ Sil COO ')-79 1876 .. 3-73 I'.iG 1877 .. .. 1878 .. 1879 .. , , 1880 .. ., 1881 .. 2*23 2 io 4M9 7-94 .5-88 7-81 1882 .. I'fiS 1-02 3 lil 2 -30 ■O-S!) <l -rir, n-ij 188;i ., 2-10 .. •• Reports of United States' A jnal Service (1873-76). Gkeatest Amount of Precipitiition in one Day. Year. May. June. July. Au);ust. f^cptcmbi 1 October. November. 1872 .. .. 0-85 0-58 0-31 1873 .. 14 24 0-78 0-07 0-44 0-86 0-53 1874 .. •15 ,, 0-72 0-70 0-85 1-10 1-15 187.5 .. 1 23 1-55 1-04 1 • 05 1-40 1-35 0-17 1876 .. 83 0-45 1877 .. __ 1878 .. .. 1879.. ,, 1880 ,. 1881 .. ■• 1882 .. .. 1883 .. •• Beportx of United Stat •s' Signal Serein: (1873-76) . l'i:mi:xTAOE of Fog. A'car. May. June. July. Auffust. 1 Septi-niber. i October. November. 1872 .. 7-2 0-0 1-7 1873 .. 10'2 20-7 50-2 48-9 20-5 8-1 9 '4 1874 .. 121 , , 61-7 22-2 2-(i l-O 1 •:; 1875 .. 0-3 7-2 11 '8 12-8 3-t; 0-2 0-0 1876 .. 17-3 14-0 •• ■ > 11-5 16-0 41-2 28-0 i l()-3 3-1 3-1 166 Behkinh Island. Reports of United Statfi' Signal Senricr.. Latitude, 55° 14' N. ; l.onc^itiulc, V.U° 8' W. Ari;AN Tr..Mi'Ei;\Tii;r. (Fulir.). Year. Mny. Juiip. July. Auj^ust. Scptonibcr. Octolier. November. ISS'J .. 1HS3 .. Digrccs. ■i'ri-i 3-) -T lJigrec'3. rr-9 iJi'gri'os. 4u'2 48'3 l!)c;;rfe». 45-0 Degrees. 34-b 1 Dcgrci's. 29 -9 • Noniiiil . . ■i::i •17 -1 jl-O l()-8 37-2 1 30-3 1 Mkan Jtiixiiniim 'rciiiiifmlnrc ( Kiiliv. ». Year. Mi.y. June. 1 August. September. October. November. 1«S2 .. !HS3 .. 1HS5 .. Di'Krocs. •13' 6 Ik'Hrcca. 59-5 ' I)i--n'cs. 1 •• Dc^reos. (13'i; Drurccn. 08 ■.'j Deforces. 4tC0 Dcjn'een. 4U -3 * Noniiiil .. in -3 •lC-7 1 51 -H .^j4-3 oO'O 41-3 35-0 Mkan' MiiiiiiMiiii 'rcni|» r.ituri; (l-'alii.t. Yenr. i ^-'y- .June. July. Auiju>t. Sej)temb(T. October. November. 1HH2 .. lf-N3 .. 1 lJe|;rL'C.'i. '.' 28-2 1 )e^rccs. 33-4 Degrees. 39 '4 Degrees. 44-0 Decrees. 35-3 •• l)e};rei'n. 19'2 Uei;rce>. 13-,'j * Norniiil . «. 1..) ;;s-i 43 '3 47-.') 42.,, 32-2 25 •(; .ViMiii:!: iif ('loiiily Dav.-i. Yciir. May. June. J uiy. August. Sf'ptrniiHT, October. November. 1H,S2 .. 1HS3 .. •• •• '* •• • Non.iiil .. 23-0 23-(l 20-0 22-7 l(!-7 18-3 21-4 .\i .Ml;i;i! Ill' Fair iMivs. Year. ^ Mai. ; June. J all . August. Septenib.T. October. I November. l^f.2 .. ..' .. 1 .. 1.''K;j .. * No.mal .. b-0 5-7 ] 10 n 1 • 7-3 i 11 '3 12-7 8-3 • From Report of Chief Signal Officer, 1886, p. 411 et setj. 167 NfMnF.ii iif Clciir Dayfl. Yeiir. May. June. July. Auguit. Septeinlicr. October. November. 1888 .. 1886 .. •• •• • • •• •• •• •• •Normal . . 0-0 M! 1-0 10 2-0 0-0 0-3 Cloudinf.hs oxproB.?e(l in IVrcpiitnge. Year. May. June, i July. August. September. October. November. i •Normal . . 75 75 ] CT 7:i 8f. 70 77 Amount nt rrccipitiition. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1885 .. 1-19 1-63 4-05 2-15 3 '32 l-.ll 1-84 •Normal . . 0-96 1-66 2-lti 2 '09 2-50 2-60 2-96 From Report of Chief Signiil OHicer, 1880, p. 411 ct seq. rETROPAULOV.SKI. SuvplemerU to Btpertoriam /or jV'Uoivlugi/, SI. rdcrahtinjli, 1881 Latitude, 53° X. ; I.oiigitiul.', ISS" 48' AV. ; Eloviitidn, 33 foot. Mean Temperati hk d'ulir.). Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1828 .. 1843 .. 1845 .. 1846 .. 1847 .. 1848 .. 1849 .. 1850 .. 1851 .. 1852 .. 1853 .. Degrees. 39-0 40-1 39' 41'4 40-S 41-5 41-7 40-5 37-2 37 -f) Degrees. 50-7 52-7 53-4 50-2 51-4 49-6 45' 7 Degrc'Cf. 67-9 60-8 57' 2 57-0 57-0 01-0 57-0 Degrees. ,0'5 ■ 4 02 ■ 4 Go'l 58-3 57-0 59-4 59 • 9 57'- 2 Degrees. 50-4 53-1 50-9 52.5 50 ■ 2 19 -5 51-H 53*-2 Degrees. 37-6 41-5 40-3 37-2 41-2 38-5 4c'-5 43-3 Degrees. 24-6 30-4 .31'- 3 31 -S 27-7 25-9 27-7 29*5 35-2 Mean 39 • 9 50 ■ .5 58 • 3 .18-7 51-4 ' J *\i 29-3 ^oit. — Diite at this station uU style. [1171 2 X 168 Ar.KXANDnowKA, Sariialien T>:i.axd. Annals of the Phytical Ohscrcalory, St. J'ctcrsburgh. Latitude, 50° 50' N. ; Longitude, 142° V W. ; ElevaUon, 156 feet Mean TEMrERATinsE (Falir.). Yiar. May. June. July. .\tigu>t. Soptembcr. Oc'jjber. November. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Di'grees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. 1881 ., 441 .w-- 59 ■ 4 OJ-0 57-7 39-9 24-8 1882 .. 43-0 54-3 6(1 • H 07-1 55-9 38-5 10 -5 1883 .. 43-7 53-4 04 -9 (i(i-7 53-1 41-9 24-4 18S4 ., 41-7 50 9 69-2 59-4 52-5 35-4 16-5 1885 ,. 40-3 40 S 59-0 01 -0 50-2 39-2 19-9 18SG ,. 43 -3 55-0 (13 ■ 7 01-2 53-8 39-2 21-0 1887 .. 41-4 ..•.!.() 59 5 04-4 52-3 39-7 23-9 1888 .. 42-3 48 -2 fiOl 60-8 50 -5 39 2 30-0 1889 .. 40'8 51-1 R5-8 61-3 51-3 36-1 20-3 1890 .. 40-1 49-5 01 '5 07-5 58-8 39fi 23-9 42-4 51-7 01-4 03-2 53-C 38-9 22-1 Maximum Tempeijatl're (Fahr.). Yc.ir. May. .Juni'. July. August. .September. October. NoTcniher. Degrees. Degr-es. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. 1881 .. 07-8 63 -9 81 -5 70-6 76-3 65 -1 45 -5 1882 . 65 -1 72-3 82 -4 83-1 75-7 55-8 40-3 1883 . 72-9 79-0 83 -7 82-9 69-6 C7-5 46-6 1884 . 66-0 71 -0 73-4 77-4 73-4 53-2 38-7 1885 . 06-7 71-8 79-0 81-0 09-3 65 -5 45 '5 1886 . 63 -0 75-6 81 -9 76-1 71-1 00 -3 18-7 1887 . 64-8 72-0 81-9 87-4 67-6 62-8 44-8 !888 , 66-2 65-8 SO -6 77-7 65 1 62-1 53 -6 1889 . 08-0 77-2 81 -5 80 -4 72 -5 61-1 .18 -1 1890 . 71-4 62-2 80-1 80-0 77-0 57-7 41 '2 67-2 71-1 80 •(', 80-9 71-8 60-1 44-3 >riMMI'M TKMl'P.llATri;E ( Killir.). Year. Jfay. June. Julv. August. September. Oetolwr. Xovetnber, Degrees. I>ogrees. I)egrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. Degrees. 1881 .. 30-4 43-5 49-3 47-5 360 16-9 - 2-2 1882 .. .^2 -0 39-2 47-1 53 • 1 37-4 130 - 13"9 1883 .. 28-6 39-2 .-.fl 60-5 .36 -3 21-0 - 2'7 1884 .. 27-1 39 Wi 43-0 33-8 10-2 - 12-3 1885 .. 28-4 39-0 14-(i 45-9 31-3 24-1 - 9-8 1886 .. 28-8 30 -5 t9-8 •i<-l 34 '3 17'6 - 8-1 18S7 .. 28-8 423 ■.S'4 45 1 34-0 I9'0 3-4 1888 .. 28-4 m-i 45-5 49-6 30-9 15-1 14'7 1889 .. 28-H 36-0 55 • 2 4 1 ■ 5 33 6 11-3 0-5 1898 .. 21-4 ;io -2 39 ■ 2 39-0 36-1 22 -r. - 0-4 2h-4 38-3 48-2 4(.-0 34-4 17-7 - 3 1 1G9 Ni'Mitr.i: cif (;lou(.ly I lays. Year Mny. Juni'. July. Au;;iist. Rpptcmber. October. November. IRSl .. 11 U! 20 12 11 IS 20 1KS2 .. 18 10 12 7 8 i;! 20 1883 .. 12 U 10 9 10 12 18 1881 .. 10 :i 20 13 e 15 IG ISS.'i .. 15 \-2 15 17 15 15 17 1886 .. 11 18 18 18 15 11 15 1887 .. 17 20 18 13 18 15 23 1S88 .. 18 17 21 20 12 18 19 1889 .. 20 11 12 19 13 25 27 1890 .. 19 '25 12 19 19 11 21 i:.--! l.Vl 15-8 11-7 12-7 15 T, 19 -r, XuMliEi: tif l):iys of TrecipitJition. Year. M;iy. Jlinr. July. August. Septcnil)cr. OcIiiIkt. Xovcmber. 1S81 .. H A 11 if. 13 15 10 lHf<2 . 9 10 9 11 12 10 15 1883 .. 7 r, 8 10 13 9 18 1884 .. 1 7 10 1(1 14 15 18S5 .. 12 11 7 17 13 10 10 18S6 .. 12 111 9 15 15 1(1 11 18S7.. 8 7 13 12 18 13 21 1888 .. U •1 17 17 16 16 13 1889 .. 10 11 7 10 19 26 24 1890 .. 15 12 7 9 13 12 20 9-9 9-2 lii-l 13-3 13-8 13-5 in-3 Ni\iiii:i; A- Cl.'iir I i;iy Year. JIay. Juui'. July. Aui^u-l. September. Oftiiber. November. 1881 .. ■) 1 3 4 3 1882 .. 3 4 6 7 5 •> 1883 .. 6 3 6 3 3 9 4 188 1 .. 6 ■\ , , 4 8 2 1 1885 .. 1 3 , , 3 6 5 3 1886 .. 3 3 :) 1 2 1 fj 1887 .. 1 2 2 ; 1 5 2 1H88 .. 1 1 , , 4 4 3 2 1889 .. 1 :; 8 1 , , , , 1890 .. 1 1 3 1 o 3 1 2-s 2-5 2-7 2-7 3-7 3>C 2-1 ( 'l,nriiiNr >,-. i'N|ivrsM'il ill I'l'iM'iilagi'. Year. May. June. .1 uly. August. September. October. November. I8S1 .. on 78 Ml 69 61 74 84 IMH2 .. (.* 64 65 48 52 67 82 IN83 .. 59 63 57 59 65 55 76 l^M .. 58 16 86 67 47 75 80 1885 .. 71 69 74 76 65 68 75 1886 .. 69 80 76 81 72 70 67 1S87 .. 75 7U 77 72 S2 60 87 ISSS .. ''2 79 88 1 i 66 76 81 1889 .. 70 06 62 81 89 92 96 1890 .. 81 91 67 79 80 70 80 71 73 74 71 68 71 81 170 Amount of rrecipitatiou. Year. May. Juno. July. August. Septfmbt'r. October. November. 18' 18- 1881 ., 1-14 2-75 3-91 3-25 2-55 3-20 • 72 I8F 1882 .. 1-24 1-35 0-70 1-15 4-19 1-39 2-04 18f 1883 .. 0-78 1-39 1-93 1-44 2-57 1-79 1-93 I8f 1884 .. 0-05 1-26 2-69 1-12 0-83 2-III1 1!9 18i 1885 ,. 1-20 2-19 0-51 7-11 2-01 1-13 2- 18 18! 1880 .. 1-50 2-23 1-90 6-96 4-54 1-41 1-09 18 •887 .. l-io 1-25 3-23 1-90 4-81 3-00 4-83 18 18HS .. 1-50 0-33 3-54 3-00 5-35 3-90 3-39 18 1889 .. 0-98 2-50 1-4S 3-11 8-02 5-78 4-05 18 1890 .. 2-72 2-25 1-09 2-30 5-24 4-10 3-46 18 18' 1-297 1-750 2-158 3-040 4-071 2-782 2-548 Greatest Amount of Kaiu in one Day. Year. May. June. July. August. .September. October. November. 1H81 .. 0-.32 0-05 1-23 1-03 1-00 0-97 0-23 ~ 1882 .. 0-50 0-44 0-27 0-38 106 0-45 1-15 18 1883 .. 0-19 0-50 0-07 1-10 0-42 • 69 0-.-.2 18 1884 ., 0-29 0-72 1-02 -50 0-47 0-79 0-77 18 1885 .. 0-29 0-59 0-10 1-18 0-50 0-54 06 IS 1880 .. 0'27 0-07 0-49 1-10 1-08 0-6H 0-28 18 1887 .. 0-63 0-70 1-56 0-47 2 05 07 0-55 18 1888 .. 0-34 0-22 1-74 0-52 1-00 1-03 0-63 18 1889 .. 0-76 1-2.0 0-73 1-30 1-90 101 0-96 18 1890 .. 0-58 0-42 0-91 02 2-31 101 0-07 18 18 0-423 0-622 0-878 0-820 1-239 0-774 0-642 18 1 18 18 KORSSOKOWSKIZ. Ayinals of t Latitude, 46° 39' N he Physical Observatory, i '<. Pdcrabttrgh IV. ; Elcvatio 1, 66 feet. ; Longitudr, 112= 4S' ^ MEAK TK.MPEUATLliK (Fillir.). u Vcnr. May. Juno. July. August. September. October. November. Decrees, Dcurers. Decrees. Df^rces. DeKrees. IJegrecs. 1 )e;;reos. 1878 .. 43-2 .'•|5-2 00-0 00 -0 59-5 44-8 27 • 9 Is 1b79 .. 40-8 52-7 04 -0 03-0 50 -8 45 -7 28 -S u 1880 .. 43-;i 50-5 01-2 6(; -0 58 -5 44 -8 34 - 9 i J 1881 .. 44 53 • 57-9 63-9 59 -5 45-0 32-2 u 1882 .. 42-1 52-3 57 -2 06 -4 59 -5 15 •(> 20-1 p 18!j3 .. 42-3 52 ■ 05-1 70-7 .■i9-7 51 -K 29-1 l,' 1881 .. , , , , . , 1^ 1S8/) .. , , , , , , 03-3 50 -7 47-7 32-7 If 1880 .. 46-2 .'iO-.i 05-1 68-0 S2-1 19 ■;: It 1887 .. 41-7 4:1-3 00 -8 67 h 50-1 45 -3 32 - 1888 .. 43-3 45- 00 -3 (,3 -0 57-4 45-1 35- 1 1889 ., 39-4 51-1 04 -0 00 -0 .')!- -7 11 -2 28-6 1890 .. 43-'i 47- 1 00 1 •• • 42-8 51-4 01 -5 05 -9 58 -4 40-0 30-7 171 Maximi'ii Ti:Mri;i;ATri;K (Fahr.). Year. Miiy. .Juno. July. August. .September. October. November. Di'^rct'H. I)c;;rcL:-. Vti'^rces^ Decrees. Deforces. Dcjjiees. Dei;reo8. 187k ,. .'■.8 -3 7.J -ll 77-4 84-4 71 -7 G3-7 52'0 1879 .. 01-2 ( 4 'o ".VG 7") -1 711-0 59 -7 41-4 1881) .. r>n-7 (i(;'2 s;i'7 81 •(! 72'7 59 '9 49-8 1881 .. J9-7 G7-:i 74-.-) 79-2 iO'5 G2'G 53-1 1882 .. GO-fi 72 *.'J TOM) 8.'i-l 77'7 60 -G 47-7 188;i .. or. •,') GG -0 82-2 84 -G 73 -G 65 5 58 -S 188-! .. , , , , , , , , , , , , 18H5 .. _ , , , 7;i-2 72-(» 63 -5 54-9 188f, .. 02-4 70-2 77-4 79 -2 75-4 64-2 , , 1887 ., 54 '7 fi4 •!• 74 •! 82-9 72-3 G2-G .52-3 1888 .. 58-1 GO-G 7:i-4 79 •.') 70-5 GG-0 55-4 1889 .. 50- 1 72-7 75 U 80-4 70-0 5G-7 44-G 1890 .. fi8'4 04-8 77 * 7 •• •• •• •• fiO-4 fiS-G 7G ■ 5 8(1 •:! 71 -2 G2 • " 51-0 Ml.MMLM TK.Ml'KIlATUIiF, (Falir.). Year. Mny. .Tunc. .July. Au;.'ust. September. Octolier. November. Decrees. Decrees. Dei^rees, Dej;rces. Decrees. Dcifrcc.--. Def;reeF. 1878 .. 29-1 35 -8 47-7 52-0 35 '4 30-0 8-4 1879 .. 2G -i 37 'G 60-4 63 -8 42-3 ;53-i 9-5 188n ., .34 '2 .30 '9 41-0 50-9 38-7 23-0 17-6 1S81 .. 31-3 42 'G 44-8 51-1 44-4 28-6 12-0 1882 ., 30 '9 38-5 46 -G 50 -5 41-9 25-9 9-7 1883 .. 25 • 3 36 '7 50 '2 57-9 45-3 22" 8 - 4-0 18^4 .. .. .. _ , , , 1885 .. , , , , , . 54 ■ 45 -5 29 -S 17-4 188G .. 34 2 38 '1 49-1 54-9 511-2 39 -G 1887 .. 28 '8 38'5 47 '3 52' 7 39-9 2G-2 8-2 1888 .. 29-1 33 -G 41 -9 50-0 37-2 23-9 14-5 1889 .. .■55 -6 3G-0 52-0 49-5 41-0 23-5 10'6 1890 ., 26 -4 36-0 42-8 •• •• •■ •• 30 ■ I 37-3 ■IG -7 53'ii 41-9 27-9 10-4 NlMllKK iif Diiv.'! (,'lyuilv. Y'eiir. -May. June. .luiy. Aiii^usi. f'eplember. Oclobcr. November. 1878 .. 1879 .. .. .. 1880 .. .. .. 7 12 1881 .. 9 13 ii; II (; 7 1882 .. 10 14 9 •1 13 15 12 188.'t .. ■1 4 12 9 10 11 (i 188 1 .. , , , , , , • • 188.-) .. , . , . G 13 13 11 1880 .. G 12 12 12 1(1 3 , , 1887 .. ^ J 22 19 9 11 15 1W88 .. 21 22 18 10 8 10 12 1889 .. I.'. 15 l.-i 12 1890 .. M 25 Vi •• •• •• 11 -3 15-9 11- 1 9-9 10-1 8-9 10-0 [117] 172 Number of Days of Precipitation. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1878 .. 3 4 1 2 1 1879 .. , ^ , , , , .. . , ,, 1880 .. , , , , 8 12 11 14 12 1881 .. 11 U 14 8 7 9 y 1882 .. 6 12 i! 5 10 6 6 1883 .. 3 7 4 2 13 3 1 1884 ., .. • • 1885 .. . , , , ,. 1886 .. • • .• 1887 .. ,. • • 1888 .. ., 1889 .. .. ,. 1890 ,. 14 la 8 •• •• 1 7-4 lO'S ()•« .5-fi 8-6 8-0 5-8 NuMBF.lt of Clear Days. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1878 ,, .• l^TS .. , , , , . , ., ,. . • 1880 .. , , . , , . . « , , 3 1881 .. 10 7 4 8 11 4 2 1882 .. 2 2 2 5 fi •t , , 1883 .. 7 it 3 6 5 4 9 1884 .. , , , . . , , , , . 1885 .. , , , , 2 5 3 1880 .. 4 4 7 G a , a 1887 .. ^ , 2 2 6 3 6 4 1888 .. 3 2 3 1 3 .') 18H'.) ,. 4 10 I , , , . 1890 .. 1 •■ t .. •• •• •• 1-9 4.1 4-4 ■ 5 (••■4 5-1 4-;i ri.ocDINKSS expressed iu l'erceiitaj.'e. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1878 .. .. • • .. .. 1879 .. , . , . • • ,, 1880 .. , , , , • • 88 . . 74 63 1881 .. 45 61 70 0/ 46 58 60 1H82 .. 65 75 09 -|.'i 04 -M 74 1883 .. 46 49 67 54 58 60 14 I8S1 .. , , ., . . .. 1885 .. , , 67 61 63 62 188li .. 64 69 62 59 55 49 1887 .. 48 83 77 58 64 48 67 1888 .. 79 HI 79 78 'J2 61 111 1889 .. 71 (12 57 62 • • , , , , 1 H90 . , ')« 90 no •• •• • ■ GO 71 08 63 .'■7 00 02 173 Am( Unt of ['reiMiiitatioii. Year. May. .Juno. July. August. Sejilcmhcv. OctoljLT. November. 1H78 .. .. 1879 .. , , • • •■ •• 1H80 .. , , .. 1881 .. 1882 .. 1-5A 2-io -38 1'22 3 • 02 2 -or. l-Ol 1883 .. 0-03 ■.'50 (V93 0'0(i 2'18 1-11 0-11 1884 .. . , .. 1885 .. , , .. 1880 .. ,, 1887 .. , , 1888 .. . , 1889 .. , , 1890 .. 2-02 1 -89 1-28 •• GnEAi'KST Amount of Uain in one Day. NEiiuno, Jai',vn. Annual Reports of Ih Miknrolo'jicnl C'enlra! Observalorij, Tukiu. Litituile, 43° 20' .V.; l.nngitiulr, 1 IV ;!,r K. ; Elevation, -iu feet. MlUN T£Ml'i:i;.VT[i!r, (Fain-.). Year. May. June. July. Au^'u«t. S'-pfonib'-'r. OctoliiT. November. 1878 .. .. a • 1879 .. .. • . . 1880 .. .. • . • •• 1881 .. ^ , • 1882 .. 0-78 0-39 0-20 0-54 72 1-17 0-29 1883 .. (1-1)2 0-39 0-31 0-04 75 0-42 0-11 1884 .. 1885 .. • 1880 .. 1887 .. 1888 .. 1889 .. 1890 ,. 0-43 0-34 -35 •• • '^'oar. May. .iur.f. July. AuifUBt. September. October. November. Di'ijn'eh. ' Decrees. Uunri'i-s. Uv;;ri'cs. lU'iirees. Llesrets. Dearees. 1884 .. 13-2 ! 48-4 58-0 01-5 57 49-1 35-2 1H85 .. 42-3 51-1 50-1 62-4 57-4 50 -0 41-4 1880 .. „ 45-3 52-7 00 -1 07 02-1 53-2 39 •!• 1887 .. u-o 40-1 58-5 05-8 59-4 51-1 42-6 1888 .. 45-7 i:-- 00-1 63-3 58-5 51 -3 42-4 1889 .. 41-0 49 • 1 57-4 04-8 .j7-e 48-0 37-2 1890 .. 40-8 50-7 1 59-2 06 • 7 03-3 51 -0 42 -3 i.;-i; 1 58 -0 04 ■ .. 50-7 50 -G 40-1 174 Mean of Maxima Ttniptniturci (Fahv ). Year. May. June. July. Auj;ust. S('|it('inbor. October. Novpinbpr. Dpripps. Dpj.'rni'8. DrRrcoK. l:(„'rpps. DojJIPCH. DcprrpH. Dojirpps. 1&8J .. r,\-s 50-7 6(i -4 68-0 62-8 54-9 41 ■5 1885 . 50-0 fiO'3 (■,3-1 r,8-7 63 -0 .16-1 4G-2 18SP .. r,2 • V .19 -0 «r, • 1 74-7 07 -G 59 ■ :. 4,5 ■ 3 li.87 .. 47-8 52-0 (iC -0 73 •2 fifi-2 57-2 4'.i-r, 188S .. M-3 ■iyf> no -4 71-1 G 1 • C. 57-6 473 188!) .. 47-7 67'4 (!,')■! 72 -5 04-4 54-9 43-3 1800 .. .os-o 58-3 r.7 -3 72-9 70-7 57-2 48 -0 SI -5 ,Vi-3 fill -2 71 -fi Cfj-G r.R-8 4G (1 AisoLUTK Jlaxiiiiuiu Temperatures (Fahi.). Year. May. Jmip. July. Au;;Ust. Scptiinliir. Octobur. Novpiutjtr. Dpfjrpps. Dp^ri'PS. ! Ip^rpps- Dt'^rpc*. Dofirpps. DLfjrues. Dp(;r(i'~. 1881 ,, fi5-8 73-() 80-1 7.V2 GO • 3 Gi)'2 55-0 issr, .. 7 1 • « 77-0 80-4 82 '2 72 •.I 72-3 CO -6 18HG ,. G J • 7 78 -K 70-2 s.vo 82 Ml 07 • .W-o 1887 .. 63-3 00 -G 83-8 84-0 75-9 GG-9 eo-3 18H8 .. 72-7 60-3 83-5 85-8 73 • 9 07-3 SO -5 1 880 .. Cl-2 75-7 »■>■» 77'7 83 -.i 61-5 55-0 1800 ,. 70-0 72-0 79-7 82-6 81-0 03-7 63-1 67-3 71-2 83-1 Sl-0 77 '0 GG-.i r,7->) Mean Ifinima Tpmporaturo (Fahr.), Y'ear. May. June. July. Auu'U-'t. Soptpinbcr. Oetubur. N()\ pmliiT. Degrpps. Dpfjrcps. Dpi;rops. Dphiccs. Dinreca. Up^rocs. Dt'^reps. 1884 .. 33-8 39 -9 60 -0 53 ■ C 50-7 4(1-6 20 -8 1885 .. 25-5 30-1 47'3 55-0 49 -.5 41-7 33-1 18SG .. 39-0 4G-8 54-7 Gl-7 50-7 40-9 34 Ml 1887 .. 36-4 42-1 51-6 5'.' ■."> 52- 9 44-8 35 -0 188K .. 38-1 39 '9 .'i2-0 5ti • it 52 •& 44-4 3G -9 1SS9 .. 35-2 42-1 51 •! 58-3 51-8 41-0 .30 -G 1890 .. 39 -0 44-8 52-7 01-9 .59-7 45-1 ■■14 -9 35-1 41 -7 51 '5 5H-1 53 1 43-5 33-1 Alisni.iTi: Miiiiiiium T('iii|iciatUR;': (Falir.). Year. Way. June. July. Aufju.st. hep««nlipi-. (iptiibpi. Novpiubpr. Upt;ipp.«. I>c^rpcs. I)<>srpp.-. De^r.T.-. Dpyreps. Dp^reph Dpjrrep". 1884 .. 20-8 33-1 .to -7 45-7 ■10 -0 30 -0 12-9 1885 .. 10-0 23-2 40-1 43-5 41-2 30 -0 22 -3 1880 .. 33-1 37 • 9 42-8 54 ■ 7 17-1 3G -0 20 -s 1887 .. 28MI 35 '8 41-0 49 '8 42 -3 37-8 19 -9 1888 .. 32-0 35-1 41 51-1 42 -3 36 -3 2.1 -4 1889 ,, 29 • 3 :!5 • I 41-5 45-7 41-4 30-9 10 -o 1890 .. 34 40 -5 41-4 51 8 48-2 37 -11 18-9 29-4 34-4 40 -G IK'O 43-3 ■■•■■I '<' 10-3 175 Number of Days Cloudy. Yiur, May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1»'81 .. i;i 20 20 15 19 6 10 1885 .. '.J 9 17 10 13 8 8 18R() .. 11 13 20 8 16 5 5 1887 .. 11 25 16 13 10 9 1888 .. 11 22 18 11 14 9 15 1889 .. 20 13 20 12 12 3 1) 189 12 20 15 22 18 14 7 12-9 17-4 18-0 13-9 14-0 7-9 9-0 NUJIBEK of l)ii}3 of I'recipitation. Yiar, .M;.y. June, July. .\u^'ust. September. Oetobir. November. 1884 .. 8 5 7 1 8 8 1885 .. 10 8 14 Ifi 22 14 17 1886 .. 12 13 14 9 21 14 12 1887 .. IS 17 20 14 15 9 16 If88 .. 14 17 15 9 14 11 15 1889 .. 13 15 10 8 14 19 15 1890 ., 9 11 10 16 17 17 12 11-7 12-3 12-9 ll'l 15'7 13-1 13 Number of Days Clear. Year. May. June. July. August, September. October. November. 18H4 .. * • 1 1 2 3 1885 ., 4 3 ,, 2 3 5 5 1886 .. 1 1 , , 4 1 8 5 1887 .. 1 1 3 5 lu 3 1888 .. 2 3 ,, 3 5 4 1889 .. 1 3 1 , , 4 4 2 1890 ., 1 •• •• 1 4 2 1-7 l-O 0-7 1-4 26 5-4 3-4 Cloudiness e.xpie.ssed in rercentagc. Year. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. 1884 .. 74 «4 82 77 84 62 62 1885 .. 68 60 81 74 70 57 57 1886 .. 61 74 8: 63 74 62 51 1887 .. 70 G9 77 67 52 50 57 1888 ,. 63 85 74 69 65 54 05 1889 .. 70 71 78 62 61 48 50 1890 .. 05 85 77 87 78 65 63 67 78 79 71 69 65 S7 [117] 2 Z 176 Amount of Precipitation. Year. .May. June. July. Aupiist. Scptciiilirr. October. November. 18HI .. 3-41 l-8'l 3 '28 4-71 3 -20 2-70 3-44 1885 ., 3-85 2- '22 3-41 4-22 8-44 7-17 G-41 1880 .. 4-03 2-94 2-43 4 Ma 7-43 2-.')7 2 01 18S7 .. 5-03 1-81 2-07 1-29 3 -70 4 02 O'OCi 1888 .. 5' 00 8 -,04 2-19 3-30 (i07 4-l.i a-Hr> 1889 .. 2-85 2-78 4'12 4-40 10 •113 3-,')4 1-49 1890 .. 3-56 3-78 2-68 2 04 5 • .58 4-8,') ,5 -79 3-96 3-42 2-88 3-49 6 -44 411 4-15 GnEATEST Amount ol' Uiiiii in one Day. Year. May. June. July. Auj;uHt. Scptenilior. Oetiiber. Novetiiber. 1884 .. 0'99 0-91 0-77 i-sr. 1-59 1-S6 1-18 188,5 .. 1-65 O-UB 0-82 2-27 3-51 2-30 1-17 1886 ,. 0-73 104 1-02 1-27 1-64 0-78 0-98 1887 .. 0-91 o-i;2 0-42 0-76 1-16 1-46 2-17 1888 .. 1 -75 1-86 0-77 1-92 1-98 1-53 i-w 1889 ,. 0-70 104 2-41 l-(il 3-30 1'72 (1-32 1890 .. 1-75 1'07 1-50 0-82 1-81 105 2 00 1-21 1'07 1-10 1-46 .... ' 1-46 1-31 ( 177 ) Extracts illustrating the Damage done by Seals to Fisheries. Injurien to the Fiskeriea in the Ballir. by Sealn. By Mr. Hinchelmann, " TIIK rdiisliiiitly iinTeiiHiii^ iiiiinl)or nf m;\h on oiir liiillic oiutsts lias bccoijn' su Hcriaiis a iliiiiticr to our (■mist li«hi'i'icM tliiil, it appears liij,'li tiiiio to liiiit waVH and iiii'aiis to keep these ininiiiius annuals away from our sIkucs. Ten or lifteeii years a;,'o, wlieii our tislieiiiien still uiiilerrated llieir .leslrui- tiveiiess, anil at liesl were auiuseil to see due of lliem, it Was liarilly tli(iuj;lit possihle tlial tliese animals would one day endani^er the fisheries on llie euasl ol' Sle.f.vick-Hiilstein, where tliey hanierly ap|>eareci only in small numbers and at [ilaies where there was not niueh chance of their injiirinL; lh(^ fisheries." Halt II.- Fisheries. Hull L'nilfiil Suite*' Fid)) (Joiiiuiiii^ion, vul. vii. i5,t7, p HI. " It is not easy to answer the question as tn how the evil can best be remedieii, fur even the use of poisonwl llsli as bait (ajiart from thi^ danj,'ei connected with this method) wo\ild not be of any use, because tin; seals are very choice in the seli'Clion of their fodd, and wcjuld only take to the dead liail if there was absolutely no chauci' to j^'ct fresli lish, a case whicli will hardly ever o'-cur in the opiui sea. It might be recommended to make an experiment with bnw-iicts madi- of j;ahanized imu wire, painteil brown, like the cnhiur nf the liow-nets usually employed, Tht^ shape of these bow-iu'ts sluaild be that of the common bow-nets useil for catching cod, lint the I'litrances tii the dilVerent I'hamber.s sJKiuld be 80 arrangi^l as to make it ea.sy for the seals to slip in. Live lish — especially cud, of which the seals are very fond— might, if neces.siiry, be put in these bow-iuits when they are set ; but there would probaldy be no lack uf bait to attract the .scids, as even in wire bow-uets plenty of tish are caught. Such an exiierimenl, which should be made in places I'reipiented by .seals, would not involve, any great e,xpeuse, and would (tc^rtainly be a step toward solving tlie question us to the beat way uf protecting the fishermen against the seals." Ibid., p *i. Notes on the Hatcheries and Fresh-Water Fisheries of Iceland. Ihj liencd. ti. Thorarinsson. • ••••• " The attention of the I^egislative Assendily was not specially directed to this matter of protecting ((.(.land Fisheries.! the fisheries, nor were laws enacted on this suliject before lS,S,"i ; and thi^ ]ireseiit laws are iu many instances primitive, imperfec't, and inconvenient, according to the conditions of the cuunlry. ( )ne of ibid., p. 121. the worst features is that in regard to .sc'als, which aie so injurious to the s,dmon lisheries. This is contained in section 4 of tin; following .sitatule. The deicctive point about this bit of legi.'dation is that in all salmon rivers (with one exception) and tlieir umuths, where there are seals there ar(; also scid- cjitching places, ,so that the law is of little or no benelit to tiie siilmon. as it is Ibrbidden to disturb the seals in the places wiiere they ari; at all easily accessible." Section 4 relerred to is as billows:^ " Section 4. In rivers and their mouths where there are .salmon, it is allowed to shoot or frighten seals, with the restriction that the inviolability of breeding and seal-catching places, which are thus e.sii.!cially proclaimed, niu.sl not be infringed upon, except with the penalty of lull damages, according tj the estimate of good men nominated l^y the .ludge and sworn in Court" " N.autical M.iira7,ine," vol. lix. No. 2, Noveuilwr l»»0. " Owing to rewards now granted by Fishing Society of Denmark, amnunting to ,S kroners for each Denmark. seal killed, according to the (.'o|ienh.igen corres|)oud(;nl of («ir contemporary. ' Industries.' the oxtt!rmiiiation of seals is now being energetically pursneil in Hanish waters. It appears that in those Iwalities where tin; fishery industry has been pursued with least success the seals ino.st abound. A seal is .seldom seen in the neiyhlionrhood of Middlel'art, iu the Little Helt, as the fishermen in that neighbourhood are very active in fishing ami .seal-hunting.' " An riinlrairr. on the small Islaiul of Ilosselo, north of Zealand, one man scut in the heads of no less than 120 .seals, while another man sent in 40 within tin; last ten mouth.s. During this period 810 seals have been killed." even m the present year. On the coast of the United States, also, similar facts have been oliserved as shown by tho following para'.'raph : — "A Lahuk Skai. MniliA'lION.— The bay fishing in Ksscx t'lainty, Massachu.setts. has been so seriously injure<l by the alleged dejiredalions of seals that tlu; authorities olli'red a bounty of 1 dollar each for killing t.lium. During 18"JI the fishermen killed forly-fbur on the coast and iu the rivers of the county," Damage in Kssex Ciauitv, ALI.S.S. " Forest and SlreTtn," | Feljruarv 11, Ia'.l2.