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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE "-^ 
 
 DIVISION OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 
 
 ISTo. 4= 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 [Actual date of )>ublioation, October 9, 1890] 
 
 Descriptions of twenty-six new species of North American Mammals 
 
 By Dr. C. Hart Mrrriam 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 1890 
 
 • .,-V\ 
 
Sir: 
 
 ICAN Fi 
 North A 
 course o 
 
 Hod. 
 
 S 
 
 UBRARY (;.-" V.-RSITY 
 
 OF ALBthFA 
 
U. 8. Department of Agbioultube, 
 
 Angmt 12, 1890. 
 
 Sir: [ have the honor to transmit herewith No. 4 of North Amer- 
 ican Fauna. It contains descriptions of twenty-six new species of 
 North American mammals, nearly all of which were discovered in the 
 course of the biological explorations conducted by the Division. 
 Respectfully, 
 
 G. Hart Merriam, 
 
 Chief *of Division of 
 Ornithology and Mammalogy. 
 Hon. J. M. Rusk, 
 
 Secretary of Agriculture. 
 
 Ill 
 
 127277 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Letter of tramsmittal iii 
 
 1. Coutribatiou toward a reviaion of the Little Striped Sliuuks (geuua Spilo- 
 
 gale), with descriptions of seven new species — ■. 1-15 
 
 8. Descriptions of five new Ground Squirrels of the geuus Tamiaa 17-22 
 
 3. Description of a new £»otomy» from Colorado 23-24 
 
 4. Descriptions of two new species of Etotoinya from the Pacific coast region. 25-26 
 
 5. Description of a new Marten (Muahla caurina) from the northwest coast.. 27-29 
 
 6. Description of a new species of Moloasua from Califoiuia 31-32 
 
 7. Description of a new Prairie Dog from Wyoming 33-35 
 
 8. Descriptions of three new Ground Squirrels of the Spermophilua spiloaoma 
 
 group 37-39 
 
 9. Descriptions of three new Kangaroo Rats, with remarks on the identity of 
 
 Dipodomya ordii of Woodhouse 41-49 
 
 10. Description of a new Pocket Gopher, of the genus Gemya, from western 
 
 Nebraska ^^ 
 
 11. Description of a new species of Heaperomys from southern Florida 5:J-54 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PLATES. 
 
 Plate I. Figs. 1-3, SpUogale phenax (skull); figs. 4-6, Spilogale leucoparia (skull). 
 
 IL Fig. 1, Evotomya occideniaHa (teeth); fig. 2, Evotdmyt caH/wnicu* (teeth); 
 
 fig. 3, Evotomya galei (teeth). 
 III. Figs. 1-2, Htaptromya macropua (teeth). 
 
 FIGURES I.S text. 
 
 Page. 
 Fig. 1. iSi)i%ofeflraci/i« (transverse section of skull) 2 
 
 2. Spilogale ringena (transverse section of skull ) 2 
 
 3. Evotomya galei (teeth) '^ 
 
 V 
 
No. 4. 
 
 CONTRIBU 
 
 The mil 
 and CO rap 
 tablisli au 
 same tim( 
 one specif 
 United St 
 
 The prt 
 rived froi 
 9 skulls ; 
 Merriam ( 
 
 Tlie exj 
 nidy be r< 
 shape of 
 fioutopai 
 tiou of tl 
 higlily ai 
 proachinf 
 division i 
 far westvN 
 former in 
 ward thrc 
 Cape St. 
 
 The eaj 
 
 comprises 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 whether ( 
 
 55 
 
I No. 4. 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. October, 1890. 
 
 CONTRIBUTION TOWAKI) A RKVISION OP THK MTTLK STllll'EI) SKUNKS 
 
 OF THE (iENUS SI'ILOCALE. 
 
 WITH nKSClUPTIONS OF SEVKN NKW .SPK0IK8, 
 
 By Dr. C. Haht JVIerriaji. 
 
 The nuiuber of specioieiis of SpUogale at preseut available for study 
 and coraparison is wiioUy iusutticieut to warrant a final attempt to es- 
 tablish aud defiue the North American species and subspecies ; at the 
 same time it is ample to demonatrate the absurdity of Mumpinj?,' under 
 I one specific name, as is uow the practice, all the forms inhabiting the 
 United States, from Florida to California. 
 
 Tho present paper is based on the study of 39 skins aud 38 skulls, de- 
 [ rived from the following sources: U. S. National Museum, 8 skins and 
 1 9 skulls ; Department of Agriculture series, 12 skius aud 11 skulls ; 
 I Merriam collection, 19 skius and 18 skulls. 
 
 The examination of this material shows that the members of the genus 
 mdy be readily separated into two divisions, according to the general 
 shape of the skull; one having the cranium broad and fiat, with the 
 frouto- parietal region depressed, presenting the extreme of difforeutia- 
 tion of the genus ; the other with the cranium narrower and more 
 highly arched and the frouto-parietal region somewhat elevated, ap- 
 proaching the normal Mephitine type. Tlie members of tho latter 
 division inhabit the Gulf States and Mississippi Valley, extending as 
 far westward (at least) as Trego County, Kans. ; the members of the 
 former inhabit the Sonoran region of the west, from central Texas west- 
 ward through New Mexico and Arizona to California, extending «outh to 
 Cape St. Lucas and north to British Columbia and the Great Basin. 
 
 The eastern group, so far as represented in the meager series at hand, 
 
 comprises three species, one inhabiting Florida, one Alabama, and one 
 
 Kansas. How far the limits of dispersion of each form extend, and 
 
 whether or not any of them iutergrade, are questions that can not be 
 
 5514— No. 4 1 1 
 
NOUTII AMKUICAN FAUNA. 
 
 (No. 4. 
 
 settled until HpuciineiiH from iiiternioiliiitelocalitios are exiiinliitMl. The 
 Florida form is the Hmalieut and wliitetitj the KanHaM form is the lurgest 
 and blackest. 
 
 The western group comprlMCi) ut IcaHt three ispecieMand two or three 
 8ub8i)ccie8, but, considering the great extent of tlie area it inhabits, is 
 even less fully represented in available specimens than tiie eastern. 
 One species inliabits south-central (and western If ) Texas ; one Arizona 
 and southern California; and one the southern part of the peninsuhi of 
 Lower California. 
 
 In the genus SpilogalCy as in the allied gaweva, Mvphit in amX Conepatua^ 
 the range of individual variation is considerable, thougli by no means 
 so groat as has been assumed. The principal variables are four, namciy, 
 (1) cranial characters ; (2) dental diameters; {\\) length of tail; (4) color 
 markings. As u rule the variation in each species is betweeii definite 
 limits which may be defined. 
 
 The males are much larger than the females and have considerably 
 longer tails. 
 
 Color and markings. — The color markings are constant in pattern 
 throughout the geuus^ the only variation being in the quantity of white, 
 the widest extremes being the result of the extension or suppression of 
 some of the markings. In the young the ground color is intensely black 
 and the markings are pure white. As age advances, the markings be- 
 come creamy yellow, and in worn states of the pelage and old museum 
 specimens the black becomes dull brown. 
 
 Omieral remarks on cranial vharavters and variation. — As already 
 stated, there are two well-marked groups in the genus Spilogale — one 
 having the cranium broad and tiat, with the iron to-parietal region de- 
 pressed to the general plane of the toj) of the skull ; the other having 
 the cranium relatively narrow an«l more highly arched, with the fronto- 
 parietal region somewhat elevated. (See tigs. 1 and 2.) 
 
 Fia. 1,— Xransverae section of bUuII of Spiloijale 
 gracilis. 
 
 Fio. 2.- 
 
 -TruuBVurae section of HkuU of l:>pilo'jale 
 rinijcnii. 
 
 The angle of divergence of the lateral series of teeth is greater in the 
 narrow than in the broad skulls. As a rule, the ])ostpalatal notch 
 reaches the plane of the molars in the narrow-skulled forms, and falls 
 short of this plane in the others. As a rule, also, in the uarrow-skulled 
 forms, the first and second upper premolars are not crowded, do not 
 overlap, and are wholly in the toothrow, while iu the broad-skulled 
 forms they are much crowded and partly overlap, or the first is turned 
 obliquely or sideways to give the succeeding tooth more room. 
 
1X0.4. 
 
 Oct, 1MM.I 
 
 KKVI810N OF TIIK (1KNU8 814L0(!AL':. 
 
 d 
 
 iiied. The 
 the lurgest 
 
 wo or three 
 iiihabitH, ia 
 he cuMterii. 
 lie Arizona 
 leiiiiiHuhi of 
 
 I ConepatuSf 
 y no means 
 iir, naiuciy, 
 il ; (4) color 
 L>en (letinite 
 
 unsiderably 
 
 in pattern 
 ty of white, 
 )pres8ion of 
 snsely black 
 larkings be- 
 }1(1 inuseuia 
 
 As already 
 ilogale — one 
 I region de- 
 ther having 
 I the fronto- 
 
 ^kull of iSptIo>/a{c 
 
 'eater in the 
 ilatal notch 
 ns, and falls 
 row-skulled 
 ^ded, do not 
 road-sknlled 
 rst is turned 
 foin. 
 
 The degree of intlation of the ina»toidH varies greatly in the Hpecics 
 of both groups, and is not always proitortioiial to tlui iiitertuastoid 
 breadth of the craniniii. Thii.^, in the t^ |.e of ^'. lucuHitna, in which the 
 inflation is only inoderati*, t lie ratio of mastoid breadth to basilar length 
 of Hensel is 00.3, >yhile in S. lettcoparia, which presents the niaxiinum 
 of intiation, the ratio is only 0(i..S. In some species the liitlated mastoid 
 is set off from the upper surface of the cranium by a distinct change of 
 direction in the bone, or even by a well-marked groove or sulcus, while 
 in others no such line of domarkation exists. Tlie upper part of the 
 inflated mastoid is covered by the squamosal, the outer edge of which, 
 in the broad-skulled species, usually forms a sharp ridgo along the 
 outer side of the mastoid capsule. In S. Irucoimrhi, however, this ridge 
 is obsolete. The two species having the largest (most iiitluted) capsules 
 are S. leucopariu of central Texas, and «S'. putorius of I'Mor.Ja. The de- 
 gree of intiation varies somewhat with age, being greatest in young 
 adults or middle-aged individuals and least in tlio.se of a<Ivanced age. 
 
 The postmolar production of the palate varies somewhat with age 
 and sex. Thus, in two adult skulls from I'rovo, Utah, the postpalatal 
 notch reaches the plane of the molars in the female, but not in the male. 
 As a rule, it reaches the plane of the molars inthe narrow-skulled forms, 
 and falls short ot this plane in the broad skulls. 
 
 The horizontal' ramus of the jaw is nearly straight in all the Hat 
 skulled forms except lucamna ; it is strongly convex below in Imamna 
 and in all the narrow-skulled forms. 
 
 The size, shape, and proportions of the sectorial teeth and »)f the 
 upper molar afford excellent specilic characters. The postorbital part 
 of the frontal narrows with age. In the adults of some species there is a 
 marked postorbital constriction, while in others no trace of it exists. The 
 value of this excellent character is often destroyed by large asymmetrical 
 postorbital swellings resulting from the presence, in the frontal sinuses, 
 of a worm-like endoparasitic aracUnid of the genus PcntaHtotna. Some 
 species have distinct, peg-like postorbital processes, wliich in others are 
 represented merely by slight protuberaiuies. 
 
 Young skulls, compared with adults of th(^ same species, are more 
 highly arched, the brain case is more iiiHated, and the zygomatic arches 
 are less spreading. The sectorial teeth and molars are sometimes actu- 
 ally larger than in old specimens, lor the reason that the teeth com- 
 plete their growth very early, and in old age become smaller by the 
 wearing away of the crowns. 
 
 The bones of the skull unite very early, as usual in the Mmtelidw, 
 all the sutures disappearing during the lirst few months. 
 
 Cranial and dental measurements and ratios. — The time has not yet 
 arrived for fixing the limits of individual variation in any group of the 
 Mammalia. When a series of ahundred or more skulisof a single species 
 from a single locality, of the same sex and approximately the same age, 
 shall have been carefully measured and the ratios of these measurements 
 
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 (Xo.4. 
 
 Ul 
 
 Hi 
 
 calculated, a beginniug will liavu been made. Until then, the relative 
 values of the various measurements and ratios as factors in determining 
 specific and subspeciflc differences must remain nice or less problemati- 
 cal, as well as the percentage of variation in each. The tables prepared 
 with so much care by the late Reinhold flensel (in Craniologische Stu- 
 dien*) are of little value because the localities from which the speci- 
 mens came are not stated, and it is probable in many cases that several 
 geographic races or subspecies are 'lumped' under one name. 
 
 The present paper, which is not put forward as more than a step 
 toward the attainment of a knowledge of the Little Striped Skunks, 
 contains a table of the cranial and dental measurements and ratios of 
 most of the adult (and a few imuuiture) skulls to which I have had ac- 
 cess. Many of the measurements, and more of the ratios, are worthless ; 
 and the table is published as much to show these as those which are 
 really important. 
 
 In comparing one species with another, adult skulls only should be 
 selected and they should always be of the aame sex. 
 
 The value of measurements and ratios of the i)ostorbital constriction 
 is frequently destroyed, as previously statt-d, by the large swellings pro- 
 duced by the worm like parasite {Pentastoma or Linguatula) which in- 
 fests tut) frontal sinuses of more than half of the skulls examined. 
 Thus, the constriction in an old male, S. (jraciUs (No'. 5852), from St. 
 George, Utah, is entirely obliterated, notwithstanding the fact that IS. 
 gracilis has ^'"^ deepest constriction of any of the known species. The 
 same extreme of distortion occurs in an old female from lioseburg, Ore- 
 gon (No. 24200). 
 
 Other skulls in which the postorbital breadth is more or less affected 
 by these swellings are Nos. (U. S. National Museum) 4143, 4210,30058, 
 and perhaps also 24115, 24116, and 24117, and (Merriain collection) 
 1800, 2100, 2270, 2408, 2583, 3985, 42G0, 5070, 6314, 6315, 6328. 
 
 In a few very old skulls the upper molars are worn down so tar that 
 their measurements and ratios are unreliable. This is the case in Nos. 
 (U. S. National Museum) 1622, 4143, 24200, 24897 and (Merriam collec- 
 tion) 3985 and 5852; and Nos. 5676 and 6315 are somewhat worn. 
 
 Oenerie characters of Spilogale contrasted until Mephitis. — The small, 
 many-striped skunks were separated from their larger single or double 
 striped relatives by J. IL Gray, in 1865, under the generic name Sjyilo- 
 gale. The separation was based wholly on external characters, of whiiih 
 ttie only tangible one is the number of tubercles (4) at the base of the 
 hind toes. It may be added that the Little Striped Skunks are slender 
 and weasel-like in form, active, agile, and somewhat arboreal in habit, 
 often making their homes in hollows of trees or crevices in cliffs ; while 
 the true skunks are heavy, thickset animals, slow of movement, ter- 
 restrial in habit, and live in burrows which they dig in the earth. 
 
 •Nova Acta d. Ksl. Leop.-Carol-Dcutsch. Acad. d. Naturf., HaUe, XLII, Iddl, pp. 
 12.'.-195, pis. VI-XIII. 
 
I No. 4. 
 
 Oct., 1800 I 
 
 RKVISION OF THE GENUS SPILOGALE. 
 
 the relative 
 leterniining 
 problemiiti- 
 es prepared 
 )gische Stu- 
 li the speci- 
 that several 
 ue. 
 
 :han a step 
 ed Skunks, 
 iid ratios of 
 ave had ac- 
 5 worthless ; 
 13 which are 
 
 y should be 
 
 constriction 
 rellings pro- 
 it) which in- 
 s examined. 
 2), from St. 
 fact that <S'. 
 )ecies. The 
 seburg, Ore- 
 less affected 
 4219,30058, 
 I collection) 
 ;28. 
 
 I so far that 
 c;i«e in Nos. 
 friaiu coUec- 
 worn. 
 
 -The small, 
 :le or double 
 name Sjyilo- 
 ers, of which 
 \ base of the 
 s are slender 
 eal iu habit, 
 cliff's; while 
 vemeut, ter- 
 5 earth. 
 
 XLII, IdBl, pp. 
 
 Sjnlognlcifi a i)erfectly valid genus, and may be known from Mephitis 
 by the following cranial and dental characters. 
 
 The cranium as a whole is flat and broad, the frontal and parietal 
 regions being so depressed that the top of the skull presents a nearly 
 straight ]>lane, instead of being highly arched as in Mephitis ; the skull 
 is broadly wedge shaped in outline; the mastoids are greatly inflated, 
 forming elliptical capsules which reach on either side from the meatus 
 to the exoccipit.al, the outer border of which is i)ushed backward toward 
 the condyle ; the paroccipital process is obsolete or rudimentary ; the 
 tube of the auditory meatus is bent strongly forward ; the supraorbital 
 processes are more strongly developed ; the step of the mandible is 
 absent; the first lower premolar is relatively much larger; the upper 
 sectorial tooth is longer ; the upper molar is narrower antero poste- 
 riorly ; and the zygomatic arches are more spreading and are broadest 
 and highest in the middle instead of posteriorly. 
 
 Geographic distribution. — At the time when Baird wrote his great 
 work on the mammals of North America, the Little Striped Skunks were 
 known from California and Texas onlv. I have examined specimens 
 from North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Kansas, 
 Texas, Arizona, Lower Califori ia, California, Oregon, Washington, 
 Utah, and Idaho, and species of the genus are known to inhabit Iowa 
 and Wyoming. 
 
 FauHul position. — The genus Hpilogale is a Sonoran genus, coming 
 into the United States from Mexico, and ranging northward and east- 
 ward as far as the ramifications of the Sonoran fauna extend. To the 
 south it reaches Yucatan and Guatemala (Alston, in Biologia Centrali- 
 Americana). 
 
 The only part of the United States in which Spilogale oversteps the 
 bounds of the Sonoran fauna is along the west coast, where, as pre- 
 viously explained (North American Fauna, No. 3, p. 20), the Sonoran 
 and Boreal elements are curiously mixed. 
 
 Hynonymyandnomendaiurc. — The synonymy and nomenclature of the 
 Little Striped Skunks is somewhat involved. Without going fully into 
 the history of the subject, it may be slated that four specific names liave 
 been applied to North American animals which are now recognized as 
 belonging to the genus Spilognlc^ namely, pulorius (Linn.'eus, 1758) ; in- 
 tevr\>»f<( (llatiiies(iue, 1820); hicolor (Gray, 1837); qxiater linearis (Wi- 
 nans, 1859). 
 
 The name Virerra pvtorius \\:\i\ ^xxi^why Linuieusin 1758 to the Little 
 Striped Skunk of Florida or Carolina, and was based primarily on 
 Catesby's description and figure. It becomes available therefore for 
 the Fhnida animal, to which it is here restricted. 
 
 The name Mephitis intvrrupta was given by Kafinesque in 1820 to the 
 species iidiabitii.g 'Louisiana,' but Louisiana at that date was com- 
 monly spoken of as stretching far to the northwest, including most of the 
 territory west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountsiins. 
 
I" ■:* 
 
 6 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. , fNo*. 
 
 The name was afterward (1830) restricted by Lichteustein to the black- 
 tailed form of the ' Upper Missouri River.' 
 
 The uauie Mephitis hicolor was given by Gray in 1837 to a North 
 American animal ; but since the locality was not mentioned, and the 
 description contains nothing distinctive, it is impossible to ascertain 
 which form he had in mind, and the name must be dropped. Indeed, 
 Gray himself, in 1865, gave it as a synonym of M, interrupta of Bafin- 
 esque. 
 
 The name Mephitis quaterlincaris was given by one Winans, in 1859, to 
 the Kansas animal,* and like the foregoing becomes a synonym of 
 interrupta. 
 
 The name Viverra sorrilla was given by Schreber, in 1778, to a South 
 American species, and consequently may be dismissed from further con- 
 sideration in the present connection. 
 
 Hence but two specific names are available for species inhabiting the 
 United States, namely, putorius for the Florida animal, and interrupta 
 for the animal inhabiting the Missouri region, of which Kansas speci- 
 mens may be regarded as typical. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIKS AND SUHSPKCIES OF SPILOGALE. 
 
 A.— CRANinM IJKOAl) AM) FLAT; KUONTO-PAIUia'AI- KEGION DEPRESSED TO 
 GKNEIUL LEVEL OK UPPER SURFACE OF SKULL. 
 
 «'. Under jaw strongly convex below lucaaana. 
 
 a'. Under jaw straight or nearly straight below. 
 
 b '. Mastoids enornionsiy inllated and evenly ronnded below, with hardly a tiac(! 
 
 of lateral ridgi; leucopariit. 
 
 h'. Mastoids moderately iutlated, not evenly ronnded below, with lateral ridge 
 well developed, 
 c'. Postorbital processes but little developed ; interorbital constriction 
 
 marked gracilis. 
 
 c'. Postorbital processes strongly developed; interorbital constriction faint or 
 absent, 
 rf'. Combined Icnjiitli ;;{' crowns of npper sectorial tooth and molar equals 
 
 length of i»terygoid fossa from base of hamnlar phenar. 
 
 d^. Combined length of crowns of npper sectorial tooth and molar falls con- 
 siderably short of length of pterygoid fossa sajraHltH. 
 
 B. — CHANIU.M NAKROWEU and MOUU IIUillLY arched; FRONTO-PARHOTAL REGION 
 
 SOMEWHAT KLKVATED. 
 
 a'. Combined length of upper sectorial tooth and molar greater than length of 
 niastoiil capsnle, and ecinal to distance from anterior lip of foramen mag- 
 num to foramen laeernm inedinm indinnola. 
 
 ci". Combined length of nitperscctoi'iul tooth and molar less than length of mastoid 
 capsule, and mucli less than distance, from anterior lip of foramen n)ag- 
 nnm to foramen lacerum medium. 
 h '. Inner lobe of upper molar broadly rounded on inner side, with greatest con- 
 vexity near middle. 
 e'. Distanco from nasi! emargination to ])oint midway between postorbital 
 processes at least one-third the Icngthof the topof skull interrupta. 
 
 » See Cones, Fur-Hearing Animals, 1877, a:«)-','4n. 
 
fNo.4. 
 
 Oct., 1800 
 
 Revision of the genus spilogale. 
 
 J to the black- 
 
 37 to a North 
 oued, and the 
 e to ascertain 
 ped. Indeed, 
 upta of Bafiu- 
 
 ms, in 1859, to 
 a synonym of 
 
 r78, to a South 
 nn further con- 
 inhabiting the i 
 and interrupta, ] 
 Kansas speci 
 
 DEPRESSED TO 
 
 .lucaaana. 
 
 til hardly a trac(i 
 
 leucopaiiu. 
 
 vith lateral ridge 
 
 ital constriction ^ 
 
 gracUi8. ■ 
 
 striction faint or 
 
 lud molar equals 
 
 plienai. 
 
 (I molar falls con- ; 
 gaxalilin. 
 
 'AKIHTAL HEGIOX 
 
 r than length of 
 ) of foramen mag- 
 
 indianola. 
 
 length of mastoid 
 of forainen mag- 
 
 with greatest coii- 
 
 itween postorbital 
 11 interrupta. 
 
 c». Di8tattC6 from nasal emargination to point midway between postorbital 
 processes considerable less than one-third the length of the top of the 
 
 skiill ringeua. 
 
 b ^. Inner lobe of npper molar not broadly ronnded on inner side, and with decided 
 projection considerably behind middle of tooth putoriua. 
 
 SPIIiOGALE PUTORIUS Linnseus. 
 
 Fivena putoriua.— Linnicus, Systema Natnrip, cd. x, i, 1758, 44 (based primarily on 
 the Putoriua americanua striaius of Catesby). 
 
 General characters. — Tlie Little Striped Skunk of Florida is conspic- 
 uous for its small size, short tail, and the extent of the white mark- 
 ings. In addition to the usual markings, it usually has a white patch 
 or stripe on the outside of the thigh and another on' the upper side of 
 the foot, the two rarely being confluent. The rump spots are large and 
 sometimes continuous with the leg-stripe. The stripes at the base of the 
 tail are very large and confluetit posteriorly, forming a broad patch of 
 white which covers the upper surface of the basal fourth of the tail. The 
 external lateral stripe is broad, encroaclies on the belly, and is contin- 
 uous posteriorly with the anterior transverse stripe, which, in turn, is 
 often continuous with the internal dorsal stripe. The tail with hairs 
 is much shorter than head and body. 
 
 A single specimen from Kissimee Prairie, Florida (No. 4870 ? im.), 
 is smaller than the others, and differs from them in the great extent 
 and breadth of the external lateral stripe, wbicli is confluent with 
 both anterior and posterior transverse stripes. The rump spots also 
 are unusually large, and are confluent posteriorly with the tail spots 
 and laterally with the leg-stripe, and the latter is continuous on one 
 side with the foot stripe. The middle pair of dorsal stripes begin pos- 
 terior to the plane of the ears, leaving the black occipital patch larger 
 than usual. 
 
 Cranial characters. — So far as cranial characters go, IS. putorius, 8. 
 mdianola, S. ringcns, and S. interrupta constitute a closely related group, 
 widely separated from the species inhabiting the ari«l lands from cen- 
 tral Texas westward. They agree in having the cranium relatively 
 high aud narrow; the frontoparietal region somewhat elevated; the 
 upper lateral series of teeth strongly divergent posteriorly; all of the 
 premolars in the tooth row, not overlapping, and rarely crowded; the 
 post-palatal notch ending about on a line with the alveolus of the upper 
 molar and without median projection ; a distinct postorbital constric- 
 tion ; and the horizontal ramus of the lower jaw strongly convex below. 
 They further agree with one another, an<l differ from the flat-skulled 
 forms, except S. leucoparia, in lacking a distinct crest or ridge along the 
 outside of the mastoid capsule (formed by the edge of the squamosal). 
 aV. putorius and iS^. indianola have the smallest and shortest skulls. 8. pu- 
 torius has the largest mastoid capsules, and differs from all the others 
 in the shape of the inner lobe of the upper molar, the posterointernal 
 
8 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 (No 4. 
 
 crescent of which projects strongly toward the uiediau line posterior to 
 the middle of the tooth. In 8. interrupta, indianola, and rtngens the 
 inner lobe of the upper molar is broadly and evenly rounded, bringing 
 the most prominent part of the convexity nearly opposite the middle 
 of the tooth instead of considerably behind it. The nasal opening is 
 constricted laterally in its upper half. 
 
 In ;S'. putoriva, interrnpta, and indianola^ the length of the upper sur- 
 face of the rostrum, from the nasal emargination to the plane of the 
 postorbital processes, is just half the length of the upper surface of the 
 cranium behind the postorbital processes, while in S. ringens the latter 
 measurement is considerably more than double the former. 
 
 Measurements. — A fully adult male, captured at Lake Worth, Fla., 
 May 20, 1889, by Morris M. Green (U. S. National Museum, No. {\\^), 
 afforded the following measurements in the flesh: Total length, 372; 
 tail vertebrte, 129', hairs, 50; hind foot, 39. A female caught at the 
 same place two days previously (U. S. National Museum, No. ^^fj) 
 measured : Toial length, 340; tail vertebrse, 117 : hairs, 48 ; hind foot, 37. 
 
 SPILOGALE INTERRUPTA Eafinesque. 
 
 Mephitis interrupta. — Rafine&que, Auuals of Nature, I, 1820, 3. Lichtenstein, Abhand. 
 
 Akad. Wiss., Berlin (for 1836), 1838; 281, tab. II, fig. 1. 
 Mephitis quaterlinearis. — Wiuans [Kansas f], newspaper, 18&9 (see Coues, Fur- Bearing 
 
 Animals, 1877, 239-240). 
 
 General characters. — This species may be known from all others by 
 the large size of the tail and the limited extent of the white markings. 
 The tail, with hairs, is longer than the head and body, and is large and 
 full. As a rule it is black throughout; and the white when present, is 
 limited to a slender tuft surrounded by the black hairs of the extreme 
 tip. The head markings are very small, the frontal spot being less than 
 half the usual size, and the crescent in front of the ear being reduced 
 to an inconspicuous streak or dab wholly unconnected with the lateral 
 stripe, there being no white at all under the ear. All of the white 
 strii)e8 are reduced in size, so that the animal has the blackest back of 
 any known species, /S.nw/^cMs approaching it most closely in this re- 
 spect. 
 
 Cranial characters. — Tiie skull of S. interrupta is longer and higher 
 posteriorly than that of S.putorius, and Uieaudital bulhe are much less 
 inflated. The uiner lobe of the upper molar is broadly rounded, with 
 the most prominent part of the convexity opposite the middle of the 
 tooth, instead of far behind the middle as in 8. putorititt. The post- 
 orbital processes are feebly developed and there is scarcely a trace ol 
 postorbital constriction. 
 
 Specimens of Spilogale interrupta have been examined from various 
 places in Kansas, from the eastern part of the state (Barber and Coffey 
 Counties) west to Trego County, an<l from the Kiowa Indian Agency. 
 
Oct., 1890. ) 
 
 REVISION OF THE GENUS 8PIL0GALE. 
 
 9 
 
 Oeneml remarks. — Whatever doubt maj' arise as to whether or not 
 the species here described is really the Mephitu interrupta of BaflD- 
 esque, there can be none whatever that it is the M. interrupta of Lich- 
 teustein; so that the question, if any, relates not to the name of the 
 species but merely to the authority for the name. Lichtenstein dis- 
 tinctly states that his animal came from the 'Upper Missouri' and that 
 it hid a black tail. 
 
 Measurements. — The average measurements of four males from Trego 
 County, Kans., are as follows: Head and body,* 350 ; tail vertebrae, 21tf; 
 hairs, 10a; hind foot, 49.5. The average measurements of two females 
 from the same locality are: Head and body, 320 ; tail vertebrae, 208; 
 hairs, 80; hind foot, 43.5. 
 
 SPILOGALE RINGENS sp. nov. 
 
 Type No. Jg^Jj 2. U. S. National MnseuDi. (Department of Agriculture collec- 
 tion). QreenHboroiigh. Hale County, Alabama, August 2, 1890. Collected 
 by C. S. Briiuley. (Original number, 50.) 
 
 Measurements {taken in flesh). — Total length, 460; tail vertebrae, 165 ; 
 hind foot, 45; peucii, 88. 
 
 General characters. — Size considerably larger than S.putorius; about 
 equaling S. interrupta, with which it is most closely related ; tail with 
 hairs longer than head and body, white markings restricted ; no white 
 on legs or feet ; frontal spot very small ; crescent in front of ear not 
 continuous or barely continuous with lateral stripe ; white of tail limited 
 to terminal third above and terminal half below; while the white is less 
 extensive than in 8. putorius, it is more extensive than in 8. interrupta. 
 
 Cranial characters. — Compared with S. interrupta, its nearest relative, 
 the skull of 8. ringens is broader across the postorbital processes and 
 interorbitally, has better developed postorbital processes, and a decided 
 postorbital constriction. The distance from the nasal eniargination to 
 the plane of the postorbital processes is considerably less than one-third 
 tlie length of the top of the skull, while in 8. interrupta it is just one- 
 third. The ratio of the distance across upper molars to the upper lat- 
 eral series of teeth is about 120 in ringens and 113 in interrupta. 
 
 Compared with 8. putorius the skull is longer, the brain case is higher 
 posteriorly, the inflated mastoids do not project so far laterally, the in- 
 ner lobe of the upper sectorial tooth is larger and broa<ler, and the in- 
 ner lobe of the upper molar is evenly rounded ott", the most prominent 
 pjjrt of the convexity being near, instead of behind, the middle of the 
 tooth. 
 
 While the type is from Hale (Jonnty, Ala., other specimens have 
 been examined from Cherokee, N. C, Corinth, Miss., and Mobile, Ala. 
 
 * Unfortunately, the collector did not record the total 16ngth in the flesh ; but by 
 adding the length of the tail to the head and body, an approximate measurement may 
 be obtained. 
 
10 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 (No. 4. 
 
 The latter has a little more white than the others, and the antcaurlou- 
 lar crescent is narrowly continuous with the lateral stripe. In the Cor- 
 inth specimen the white tip of the tail reaches further down than on the 
 others. 
 
 SPILOGALE INDIANOLA sp. nov. 
 
 Type (sknll) No. 1C21, young adult. U. S. National Museum. From Indianola, 
 Matagorda Bay, Texas. Collected by J. H. Clarke, iu 1851. 
 
 This species is founded on two skulls collected at Indianola, Mata- 
 gorda Bay, Texas, by J. H. Clarke, of the Mexican Boundary Survey. 
 The skins were not preserved, and nothing whatever is known of the 
 external characters of the animal. It probably is a Mexican tropical 
 species extending north along the Gulf coast of Texas. 
 
 Cranial characters. — The skull is small, and the brain case is short 
 and highly arched, as in S.putoriua from Florida. It differs from puto- 
 rius, however, in being narrower across the postorbital processes, iu 
 having smaller and less prominent mastoid capsules, smaller audital 
 bullsB, longer pterygoid fossa, and larger teeth. The upper sectorial 
 and molar particularly are much larger than in putorius, the combined 
 length of the two teeth exceeding the length of the mastoid capsule and 
 equaling the distance trom the anterior lip of the foramen magnum to 
 the foramen lacerum medium, in these respects difliering from all 
 known species of the genus. The inner lobe of the upper molar is very 
 large and broad, and is broadly and evenly rounded off on the inner 
 side, the greatest convexity being opposite the middle of the tooth in- 
 stead of considerably behind it. The ratio of breadth to length of the 
 upper molar is 12G, while in 8. putorius it is 130. 
 
 Tlie lower sectorial tootli is very much larger, and the last lower 
 molar about double the size of the same tooth in S. putorius. 
 
 Averatje ratios of several specimens each of Spilogule indianola, S. inierrupta, S, ringens 
 
 and S. piitorins. 
 
 Kntion to bisilar Icnfltli of Iloiimd : 
 
 LeiiKlli of upper lateral aerieH of tcotb 
 
 Length of upper sectorial and molar together. . . 
 
 Length of upper floctorial 
 
 Length of pterygoid fossa 
 
 Ratio of mastoid breadth to palatal length 
 
 Katio of breadth to length ot upper molar 
 
 S. indian- 
 
 S. inter- 
 
 
 ola. 
 
 rupta. 
 
 S. ringeu.s. 
 
 37. S 
 
 36 
 
 35.5 
 
 23. 
 
 22.1 
 
 20.8 
 
 14.3 
 
 13.2 
 
 12.6 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 2.3.8 
 
 143 
 
 150.5 
 
 150 
 
 126 
 
 132 
 
 134 
 
 S. putoriua. 
 
 35 
 
 21.3 
 
 13 
 
 24 
 102 
 13S 
 
Ocr.lMO. 
 
 REVISION' OF THE GENUS SPILOOALE. 
 
 11 
 
 ''roiu Indianola, 
 
 upta, S. ringens 
 
 35.5 
 
 35 
 
 20.8 
 
 21.3 
 
 12.5 
 
 13 
 
 2.^8 
 
 24 
 
 150 
 
 102 
 
 134 
 
 136 
 
 SPILOGALE LUOASANA sp. nov. 
 
 T.ype Nu. 211!) ad. U. S. Nutioual MuBenni. From Cupe St. Lucas, Lower Cal- 
 ifornia. Collected by John Xantua. (Original number, tHi'.i.) 
 
 General charaeterH. — Size large ; tail long (with hairs apparently about 
 as long as head and body); terminal pencil white; white markings 
 large and broad. Median pair of dorsal stripes broadly confluent pos- 
 teriorly with anterior transverse bands, and thence with external hit 
 eral stripes; lumbar spots on each side elongating posteriorly so as to 
 form a distinct stripe, which becomes confluent with the posterior trans- 
 verse stripe of the same side, forming an acute angle posteriorly at 
 point of union ; tail spots indistinctly confluent posteriorly. Two par- 
 allel longitudinal white stripes extend back from the chin to the throat, 
 where they are connected by a transverse curved line. Two other 
 white stripes, one on each side, reach backward from the angles of the 
 mouth to a point a little below and posterior to the ears, where they 
 indistinctly join the lateral stripes. This is the only species known to 
 me in which there is any regularity in the throat and chin markings. 
 
 Cranial characters. — Two skulls from Cape St. Lucas, Lower California 
 (the type, No. 4219, and No. 4143, U. S. National Museum), are much 
 larger, broader posteriorly, flatter, and everywhere more massive than 
 those of any other species examined. The postorbital processes are 
 well developed; the postorbital constriction is not noticeable; there is 
 a distinct sagittal crest ; the post-palatal notches fall considerably short 
 of the plane of the alveoli of the upper molars ; the upper molars are 
 rectangular, with a deep notch behind, and the postero-internal angle 
 projects furthest toward the median line as in S. putorhis from Florida; 
 there is no line of demarkation on the upper surface of the skull between 
 the inflated mastoids and cranial parietes. 
 
 The first upper premolar is small, in one skull (No. 4143) it is ab- 
 sent on one side and very small on the other, but is wholly in the tooth 
 row. In the other skull (the type. No. 4219) it is present on both sides, 
 larger, and slightly overlaps the canine. The second upper premolar 
 is not crowded and does not overlap the third. 
 
 The under jaw is more convex below than in any other species known 
 to me ; the angular process is set up higher, and there is more evidence 
 of the ♦ step ' which is so characteristic of Mephitis. 
 
 SPILOGALE LEUCOPAKIA sp. nov. 
 
 (Plato I, figs. 4-6.) 
 
 Type No. i5?i,Jad. Merriam collection. From Mason, Mason County, Texas, De- 
 comber 2, 1883. Collected by Ira B. Henry, (Original number, 16.) 
 
 General characters. — Size medium (total length of S , about 400; hind 
 foot, about 45), tail with hairs shorter than head and body. White mark- 
 ings larger than in any other known species, the white on back equaling 
 
12 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 f\o.4. 
 
 or oven exceeding the black iu area; <all the Htripen are broader than in 
 the other species ; the middle pair of dorsal stripes are continuous pos- 
 teriorly with the anterior transverse stripe, which in turn are broadly 
 confluent with the external lateral stripes. The lumbar spot3 are gen- 
 erally confluent with the posterior transverse stripes. The tail spots 
 are sometimes confluent posteriorly, forming a narrow band across the 
 base of the tail. There is no white on the thighs, and only rarely a 
 few white hairs on the upper surface of the foot. 
 
 Cranial characters. — The skull of Spilogale leucoparia presents the 
 maximum degree of inflation of the mastoid capsules yet observed in the 
 genus, surpassing even 8. putoriua of Florida. The inflation is most 
 conspicuous posterolaterally, and in transverse section the capsules are 
 snbcircular in outline. The crest or ridge usually formed by the outer 
 edge of the squamosal is obsolete. The audital bullie are larger than 
 usual. 
 
 SPILOGALE GRACILIS Merriam.* 
 
 Type *fo. H^SIr ^ <^<^- U. S. National Museuiu (Department of Agriculture collec- 
 ti 'D). From Grand Cafion of the Colorado, Arizona (north of San Francisco 
 Mountain), Septen.bor 12, 1889. Collected by C. Hart Merriam, near bottom; 
 of oafion. (Original number, 451.) 
 
 Measurements of type (taken in the flesh). — Total length, 400 ; tail ver- 
 tebra}, 142; t pencil, 100; hind foot, 40. 
 
 General characters. — Size medium : form slender like a ferret ; tail 
 with hairs, longer than head and body. External lateral stripe very 
 large and broad, and broadly confluent with the anterior transverse 
 stripe, which in turn is sometimes narrowly confluent with the inner 
 dorsal stripe. Exposed white of tail occupies nearly the whole of the 
 terminal half above and the terminal two-thirds below. 
 
 In old individuals the lumbar spots show a tendency to become con- 
 fluent posteriorly with the posterior transverse stripes. The spots at 
 base of tail are sometimes confluent posteriorly. The males have con- 
 siderably longer tails than the females. 
 
 Cranial characters. — The skull ofS. gracilis is broad and flat, with the 
 frontoparietal region depressed to the piano of the top of the skull, and 
 there is a deep postorbital constriction — the deepest possessed by any of 
 the species now known. There are well marked postorbital protuber- 
 ances, but they are not peg-like processes as in S.phenax and S. saxatilis. 
 
 * This species lias l)ceu described in North American Fauna, No. 3, ]»p. 83-84. 
 
 tTiie tail of this specimen was injured in early life and the terminal portion is 
 absent. In a yonng individual caught at the canon two days later, the tail vertebrte 
 measure KiO. 
 
LT., 1800. 1 
 
 UEVISION OF THE GKNU8 SPILOOALK. 
 
 18 
 
 iOO; tailver- 
 
 SPILOGALE SAXATILI8 sp. nov. 
 
 T.vi»e fio. :r^) ," c^ ad. M«riiaiii collection. From Provo, Utah, November lU, 1888. 
 Cullocted by Vernon liailcy. (Original unmber, :J84.) 
 
 Measurements of type (taken in the flesh). — Total length, 450; tail 
 |vertebr:i>, ITO; i)eDcil, 100; hind foot, 40. MeaHnreiuents of 9 ad. (same 
 locality and date) : total length, 400; tail vertebrae, 103; hairs, 80; hind 
 foot, 41. 
 
 General oAaracter«. —iSize, rather large; tail, with hairs, longer than 
 
 heail and body. Exteri ;' lateral stripe nearly obsolete and barely or 
 
 iiot continuous with anterior transverse stripe. In the typo specimen, 
 
 in adult male, noncof the markings are confluent. luan old female taken 
 
 ^it the same locality and date, the internal or middle dorsal stripes are 
 
 narrowly confluent posteriorly with the anterior transverse stripes, and 
 
 the caudal spots meet indistinctly across the base of the tail. All of the 
 
 )ther spots and markings are distinct. Externally 8. saxatilis may be dis- 
 
 Itinguished at a glance from its nearest geographical neighbor, S. gracilis, 
 
 Iby the inconspicuous and nearly obsolete lateral stripe. In S. gracilis 
 
 [this stripe is large and broad and broadly confluent with the anterior 
 
 [transverse stripe. 
 
 Cranial characters. — The skull of S.saxatilis resembles that of S.gra- 
 
 jilis in size and proportions, but differs from it in having well-developed 
 
 postorbital processes, in having the anterior nares deeply and broadly 
 
 Muarglnate above, in having the zygomatic arches more broadly and 
 
 Aiighly arched, and in lacking a deep postorbital constriction (though it 
 
 |has a slight constriction). It differs from 8.phenax in the shape of the 
 
 nasal aperture (which is less broadly emargiuate above), in the presence 
 
 lof a slight interorbital constriction (altogether absent in phenax), in hav- 
 
 liug the last lower molar smaller, and in a number of cranial and dental 
 
 Iproportions, which are given in tabular form under S.phenax. 
 
 SPILOGALE PHENAX sp. nov. 
 
 (Plato I, figs. 1-3.) 
 
 Tyjie No. Y\%t 3 ad. Merriam collection. From Nicasio, Marin County, Cal- 
 ifornia, October 31, 1885. Collected by C. A. Allen. 
 
 Oeneral characters. — Size large ; hind foot 40 (in dry skin) ; tail, with 
 I hairs, shorter than head and body. External lateral stripes narrow, but 
 considerably broader than in S. saxatilis; lumbar spots inclined to 
 become confluent with posterior transverse stripes. Markings other- 
 wise normal. Exposed white portion of tail occupying teriniual third 
 above and terminal half below. There is considerable white in irreg- 
 I ular patches about the chin and angles of the mouth. 
 
 Cranial and dental characters.— The postorbital processes of 8. phenax 
 [reach the maximum development observed in the genus; the postorbital 
 
14 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 [No. 4. 
 
 constriction is absent; the zygomatic arclies are broad and highly 
 arched, and the sectorial and molar teeth are large. The last lower 
 molar is conspicuously larger than in 8, graoilia and S. saxatilis. 
 
 8. phenax ditters from 8. saxatilis in the following particulars : The 
 breadth across the postorbital processes is greater (ratio to basilar length 
 37, against 3S.2 in saxatili8)'j there is no attempt at a postorbital con- 
 striction; the emargination above the nasal aperture is neither so 
 broad nor so deep ; the vault of the cranium is higher ; the molariform 
 teeth in both jaws are much larger, particularly the Inst lower molar, 
 the ratio of which to the interorbital constriction is 20.3, while in aaxa- 
 tilU it is 17.4 (the ratio of the interorbital breadth to the basilar length 
 being the same in both skulls) ; the combined length of the crowns of 
 the upper sectorial tooth and molar equals the length of the pterygoid 
 fossa, while it falls short of it iu aojcatilia ; the palate is broader, the 
 ratio of the distance across the upi)er molars to palatal length being 
 100.4, while in saxatilis it is 94.1); and the inner lobe of the upper molar 
 is narrower (the ratio of the anteroposterior diameter of the inner lolte 
 to the same diameter of the outer lobe being 87.5, while in saxatilis it 
 is 95.2). 
 
 Several specimens from the region about San Bernardino and Alham- 
 bra, in southern California, have longer tails and broader side stripes 
 than the Nicasio specimens, and the markings under the chin tend to 
 arrange themselves in two small parallel stripes, with a small spot at 
 each angle of the mouth. The postorbital processes are smaller than 
 in true phenax. This form may merit subspecitlc separation. 
 
 The following table shows the ratios of a number uf cranial and 
 dental measurements in 8. saaatilis and 8. phenax^ and also iu 8. gracilis^ 
 their nearest geographical neighbor: 
 
 Ratios of type specimens of Spilogale phenax, S. aaxatilUi, and S. gracilis {all adult males). 
 
 
 Ratios to basilar length of Hensel : 
 
 Height of crauinm ftoiii posterior niargiu of palate 
 
 Length of upper sectorial tooth 
 
 Length of lower sectorial tooth 
 
 Length of upper sectorial and molar togpthor 
 
 BieMth act 088 postorbital processes 
 
 Postorbital constriction 
 
 Ratios to palatal length : 
 
 Distance from foramen magnum to post-palatal notch 
 
 Length of upper lateral series of tt;eth 
 
 Breadth across upper molars 
 
 Length of upper sectorial tooth 
 
 Length of upper molar (auturo-postt-rlor diameter of outer 
 
 cusp) 
 
 Ratio of length of last lower molar to interorbital constriction . 
 
 Ratio of breadth to length of upper sectorial tooth 
 
 Ratio of breadth to length of upper molar 
 
 Ratio of inner cusp to outer cusp of npper molar (antero-poste- 
 rior diameter of each) 
 
 Cal. cfnd. Utah.rfad.l*;« ""•.fj;- 
 No. 2100. No. 6676. ' ^o%mj' 
 
 28.6 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 21.4 
 
 31 
 
 30.4 
 
 141 
 
 83.0 
 100.4 
 
 31.4 
 
 23.1 
 
 20.3 
 
 U7.C 
 
 143.8 
 
 T.5 
 
 27.2 
 12.2 
 14.9 
 IB. 7 
 35.2 
 27 
 
 13,'-. 
 82.9 
 91.1 
 29.2 
 
 20.4 
 
 17.4 
 
 66.6 
 
 147.6 
 
 95.2 
 
 26.5 
 12.5 
 15.9 
 21.7 
 35.7 
 25.9 
 
 144 
 89.5 
 05.8 
 31.2 
 
 24.4 
 
 17.7 
 
 64.4 
 
 129.7 
 
 80.8 
 
[No. 4. 
 
 jcT., mmi. J 
 
 REVISION OF THE GENU8 SriLOOALE. 
 
 16 
 
 i and hiffbly 
 he last lower 
 ratilis. 
 
 biculars: The 
 basilar length 
 storbital con- 
 H neither bo 
 le molariform 
 lower molar, 
 rhile in »tixa- 
 tasilar length 
 he crowns of 
 )he pterygoid 
 i broader, the 
 length being 
 a upper molar 
 be inner lolie 
 in saxatilia it 
 
 and Alham- 
 ' side stripes 
 chin tend to 
 imall spot at 
 smaller than 
 on. 
 
 ' cranial and 
 in 8. graciliSf 
 
 all adult males). 
 
 8PIL0GALE rni'^NAX LATIPUONS subsp. nov. 
 
 Type No, i\'il{, 9 i>l*i> ^- !^- Natioiiiil Miihuiiiii (Dt^itiirtineut of AKriciilturo col- 
 lection). From UoHebiirK> DunglaHC.'oiiiity, Ori'^ou, July 13, ItiriV, Colleoted 
 by Tkeodori^ H. ruliiier. (Ori^innl niiiiilicr, iiKi. ) 
 
 MeaMurementH (♦akon in th« Hesli). — Total Ien{;tli, 336; tail vertebrw, 
 |130; pencil, 9(>; bind foot, 10. 
 
 Qeneral characters.— HiiuWar to S. phenax, but much smaller. No 
 peculiarities in the markings appenr in tlie single specimen examined — 
 
 very old, nursing female in worn pelage— exce|)t the white under the 
 :;bin, which is nincli less extensive than in S. phenax ; other specimens 
 ^uay have more. 
 
 Cranial charavUrH. — The skull of !S. phenax lati/rons, a» its name indi- 
 cates, is broader interorbitally and across the postorbital processes than 
 S.phenax. It is broader also across the brain case, the mastoids, and 
 the palate. The last lower molar is much smaller than in S. phtnax, 
 The skull of th<3 type specimen is so injured that the basilar length can 
 lot be taken, but another skull, from Cliehalis Co., on the coast of 
 Washington, attbrds the followntg ratios, which for convenience of 
 Bomparison are accompanied by corresponding ratios of the type of 8. 
 ')henax : 
 
 Xatios to basilar lenfith of Hi^nael: I 
 
 lutoroi'bital breadth 
 
 Breadth ucrogs postorbital processus 
 
 Breadth across molars 
 
 Breadth across luastoidi 
 
 Brpadlh of lirniucasc 
 
 S. lati/ronii, 
 
 No. 2&83. 
 
 ? 9 yg.ad. 
 
 S.phenax, 
 
 No. 2100. 
 
 J ad. 
 
 32.4 
 
 a8.ti 
 
 43.2 
 68.6 
 53.1 
 
 20.4 
 37 
 
 41.6 
 04 
 
 4g 
 
 No. 248»7. 
 
 6675. 
 
 
 
 •-'7. 2 
 12.2 
 14.0 
 10.7 
 
 as. 2 
 
 27 
 
 26.5 
 12.5 
 15.9 
 21.7 
 35.7 
 25.0 
 
 13,5 
 82.0 
 01.1 
 2U.2 
 
 144 
 80.5 
 05.8 
 31.2 
 
 20.4 
 
 17.4 
 
 66.6 
 
 147.6 
 
 24.4 
 
 17.7 
 
 64.4 
 
 120.7 
 
 05.2 
 
 80.8 
 
I tnoaMiia. 
 
 GRi 
 
 8.1 
 
 8. rlDgtns. 
 
 'i*!!!!.^'' (arnndci : Ui«enH 
 
 Lut'AM, 
 
 Moliile, 
 
 --^'- ; ^'"ti'^K"' A'» 
 
 Il9. 4148. 
 
 §0.5 
 ?8.fi 
 
 N 
 
 ,6.6 
 
 ka.5 
 r" 
 
 k5.8 
 i9.7 
 
 »a.2 
 
 15 
 Tl.5 
 
 f,U.5 
 ^2.8 
 
 ^6.9 
 
 L'4.7 
 '5.6 
 
 ;7 
 
 8 
 
 k.8 
 
 8.7 
 4 
 4 
 l.S 
 
 n.9 
 
 iw. a 
 
 E.4. 1 
 ,0.6 
 
 ;5. 4 
 
 l.M 
 |'>8.& 
 
 ri2.4 
 
 '8.4 
 
 2.4 
 5. U 
 
 •2.7 
 
 1.1 
 
 4.4 
 
 .5 
 
 3.1 
 
 0.0 
 
 4.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 5.9 
 
 i7.2 
 
 i8. 5 
 
 7.2 
 
 Is 
 
 '4.1 
 
 ■7.7 
 I 
 
 01 
 
 ei.n 
 
 66 
 
 firi 
 
 40.6 
 
 a7.3 
 
 10.6 
 
 18.2 
 
 11 
 
 ■SI. 6 
 
 22. 5 
 
 17 
 
 15.2 
 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 14.6 
 
 41.5 
 
 21.5 
 
 13 
 
 6.8 
 4.Q 
 5 
 7 
 
 6 8 
 4.4 
 H 
 4 
 
 3.6 
 11.1 
 
 248U7 
 J ml. 
 
 53.8 
 6i 
 
 47 
 
 50.6 
 
 34 
 
 29. H 
 
 10.8 
 
 14.7 
 
 12.2 
 
 27.8 
 
 10.2 
 
 lU. 5 
 
 1 2. .5 
 
 23.5 
 
 17.2 
 
 18.4 
 
 11.7 
 
 34 8 
 
 16.5 
 
 10.8 
 
 8 
 
 8.8 
 4.7 
 6.2 
 6 
 
 :i.8 
 
 7.6 
 3 
 3 
 10.2 
 
 I 
 
 73.8 
 07.8 
 43.0 
 40.0 
 32.7 
 40 
 SO 
 3U.9 
 27.8 
 12.3 
 14 5 
 23.6 
 .15.4 
 ?3 
 20 
 
 105.4 
 20.1 
 
 185.7 
 144.4 
 
 8U 
 
 07.7 
 
 30.2 
 
 22.2 
 
 U7.0 
 
 50 
 
 88 
 
 02. 8 
 
 140 
 
 37.7 
 
 44.4 
 
 122 2 
 
 05. 
 
 1.6 86.2 
 
 72.3 
 83.4 
 50 
 
 40. R 
 36.5 
 
 mi 
 
 68.5 
 35,1 
 26. 5 
 12.7 
 16.0 
 22.9 
 3.^ 7 
 31.2 
 25.0 
 1 07. 4 
 21.7 
 
 155.2 
 144.7 
 hO.5 
 0.5.8 
 31.2 
 24.4 
 03.3 
 40 
 K0.8 
 81.2 
 
 131.9 
 
 34.8 
 
 43.6 
 
 ion. 9 
 
 03.6 
 
 94 
 
 4Me 9 30058 <t 
 
 I 
 
 51.7 
 6:). 6 
 
 48 
 
 4H. 5 
 
 34 
 
 20 
 
 17.7 
 
 15. 5 
 
 13.5 
 
 28.5 
 
 1U.2 
 
 17.8 
 
 14.2 
 
 23.5 
 
 17 
 
 20.3 
 
 11.2 
 
 34.0 
 
 16 
 
 11.5 
 
 1 
 
 4.2 
 
 5.2 
 
 6.7 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 7.5 
 
 a.a 
 
 3 
 10.2 
 
 70.8 
 00.4 
 48.0 
 40 
 35.4 
 42. 3 
 .^9. 3 
 37 
 20.5 
 12.7 
 15.6 
 23.0 
 36.8 
 32.2 
 28.1 
 101 
 21.2 
 
 161 
 
 148.4 
 
 88.5 
 105.7 
 
 31.7 
 
 27 
 
 ()8.8 
 
 44 
 
 76.9 
 
 5!). 7 
 
 3,-) 8 
 
 44.1 
 
 119.3 
 
 55.1 
 
 104 
 
 68 
 
 54.7 
 
 40.2 
 61.5 
 34.7 
 3U. 7 
 
 17.;; 
 
 15 
 
 14.7 
 
 20.5 
 
 10.4 
 
 18.6 
 
 16.2 
 
 24.5 
 
 17.5 
 
 21 
 
 12 
 
 36.5 
 
 17.5 
 
 11.8 
 
 6.3 
 4.3 
 6 
 
 6.8 
 5.8 
 4.3 
 7.5 
 3.5 
 3.2 
 10.1 
 
 70.5 
 62. 3 
 49.7 
 30.4 
 .36.5 
 42.6 
 
 ne.o 
 
 37.6 
 30.8 
 12.8 
 15.2 
 23.0 
 3.5.1 
 30.4 
 29.8 
 104.6 
 20.5 
 
 Ueorxla 
 3013. 
 
 62 
 
 50.7 
 
 46 
 
 48.8 
 
 32. 5 
 
 28.6 
 
 18.2 
 
 14.6 
 
 14.5 
 
 27.5 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 14.6 
 
 28 
 
 15.8 
 
 10.8 
 33 
 16 
 10.8 
 
 6.8 
 
 8.8 
 
 4.6 
 
 0.3 
 
 6 
 
 3.7 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 2.7 
 
 0.6 
 
 70.6 
 
 61.0 
 
 60 
 
 30.1 
 
 34.3 
 
 41.3 
 
 50.7 
 
 36.0 
 
 31.5 
 
 12.0 
 
 23.4 
 30.6 
 31. ."S 
 31.6 
 106 
 20.6 
 
 i:!8. 8 '■ 136 
 
 36 
 42. 8 
 120 
 57.1 
 
 Ot.3 
 
 158.2 
 
 158.3 
 
 152 
 
 152.7 
 
 90.2 
 
 H7.7 
 
 108.2 
 
 105.5 
 
 32.4 
 
 32.2 
 
 25.7 
 
 25.5 
 
 08.2 
 
 06.5 
 
 46.0 
 
 42 8 
 
 j-e 
 
 8i.4 
 
 ;.2 
 
 58.7 
 
 8. Iiitcmiptn. 
 
 Trogo Cuuuty, Kaut. 
 
 Tl «"•« 
 
 36.7 
 
 44.3 
 
 120.2 
 
 50.8 
 
 92 
 
 63.8 
 61.6 
 
 48.6 [ 
 
 47.6 I 
 
 30.8 
 
 28.3 I 
 
 15.6 
 
 13.7 
 
 14.2 
 
 27.5 
 
 18.5 
 
 17.5 
 
 14 
 
 22. 8 
 
 10.8 
 
 10.3 
 
 11.2 
 
 32.6 
 
 15.7 
 
 11.2 
 
 6.2 
 4.2 
 5 
 
 8.6 
 5.6 
 4.1 
 '.1 
 8 
 
 2.8 
 10.6 
 
 66 
 60.8 
 49 
 30 7 
 35.8 
 41.5 
 59.1 
 ,37.6 
 30.1 
 13.3 
 1.5.2 
 24 
 
 33.5 
 20.4 
 .SO. 5 
 102.1 
 22. 5 
 
 136. 132 
 
 K).6 
 
 6i 
 
 47.6 
 
 47 
 
 31 
 
 28 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 14.3 
 
 28.5 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 14.2 
 
 23.5 
 
 17.3 
 
 19.7 
 
 11.8 
 
 33.7 
 
 16.6 
 
 11.7 
 
 8.4 
 4.8 
 6 
 
 6.7 
 6.8 
 4.1 
 7.7 
 8.6 
 3.3 
 10.8 
 
 65.2 
 
 68.0 
 
 40.4 
 
 40 
 
 86.4 
 
 41.4 
 
 (iO 
 
 35.7 
 
 29.8 
 
 13.4 
 
 16.2 
 
 24.6 
 
 33.6 
 
 29.4 
 
 30.1 
 
 08,9 
 
 22.7 
 
 8328 
 9 iiii. 
 
 1,'.2. 
 
 147.3 
 
 148.6 
 
 150 
 
 89.7 
 
 HI 
 
 104.3 
 
 103.8 
 
 33. 5 
 
 33. 
 
 27 
 
 20 3 
 
 67.7 
 
 7!. 8 
 
 42.2 
 
 45.4 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 62.1 
 
 61.1 
 
 134 
 
 37. 3 36. 9 
 
 43. 7 44. 5 
 
 110.2 ' 113.8 
 
 68 59. 8 
 
 90.0 
 
 04 3 
 
 64,6 
 63.6 
 
 48.6 
 
 47.8 
 
 28.7 
 
 16.4 
 
 14.4 
 
 14.7 
 
 30.6 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 14.2 
 
 93.3 
 
 17.3 
 
 10.5 
 
 11.6 
 
 34.6 
 
 16.2 
 
 11.3 
 
 6 
 
 4.1 
 5 
 
 6.6 
 6.3 
 4.1 
 7.1 
 3.1 
 3.1 
 10.4 
 
 60.1 
 
 48 
 
 39.1 
 
 86.6 
 
 40.2 
 
 60.8 
 
 35 
 
 20.2 
 
 12.3 
 
 14.6 
 
 23.2 
 
 33.8 
 
 29.6 
 
 30.3 
 
 98.5 
 
 21.4 
 
 161 
 
 15.5. 2 
 01 
 
 102.8 
 31.5 
 26.3 
 68.3 
 43.0 
 82 
 62.1 
 
 132 
 
 34.6 
 41 
 
 112.7 
 58.4 
 
 04.3 
 
 30080 
 J Iiii. 
 
 68 
 57 
 
 SI. 5 
 
 62.7 
 
 34.8 
 
 31.2 
 
 16.7 
 
 14.1 
 
 15 
 
 31.4 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 IS 
 
 26.2 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 12.3 
 
 37 
 
 18.2 
 
 12.7 
 
 6.6 
 4.3 
 6.6 
 7.2 
 6.2 
 4 7 
 7.8 
 3.S 
 3.5 
 11.2 
 
 87.6 
 60.6 
 48.0 
 38.8 
 84.0 
 38.8 
 60.9 
 36.8 
 29.1 
 12.6 
 16.1 
 24. « 
 32.4 
 27.3 
 20.1 
 102. 3 
 21.7 
 
 150 
 
 157 
 
 00 
 
 loo 
 
 32.5 
 
 28 
 
 (iO. 1 
 
 44.8 
 
 83.9 
 
 65.2 
 
 128.5 
 
 36.1 
 
 43.3 
 
 111.1 
 
 01.6 
 
 90.3 
 
CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS OF T 
 
 MEASUREMENTS ANIJ RATIOS. 
 
 8. lucaaaiia. 
 
 S. {{racilia. 
 
 8. pheuax. 
 
 ' LSca"-!- j Oraml Cafu.., 
 Lower Ciil. ■*"^- 
 
 MEASITREMENTS OF SKULL. 
 
 Bafiilar lonKlli from condyle to front of promaxillarv 
 
 H:i ilnr lungtli from condyle to pontcrior rim of iil vcoIhm of iiiiddlo incisor 
 
 ISui .tr lonjftli of HcnHt'l (from inferior lip of foraiiiuii ma};nuni to poHterlor rim of 
 
 alveolus of middle ioclsor) . .... 
 
 Occipito-uasal length (on median line from occipital crest to front of uutialH) 
 
 Greatest zygomatic breadtli 
 
 Greatest mastoid breadth 
 
 Breadth across postorbital processes 
 
 Luast interorbital breadt h 
 
 Least postorbital breadth , 
 
 Distance from inferior lip of foramen ma);uuro to postpalata! notch 
 
 Palatal leuKth (from postpalatal notch to posterior liiu of alveohis of middle inci.sor) 
 
 Ileifrht of cranium from uasiHphonoid to parietal (at ])lane of aiidital mentut') 
 
 Height of cranium from palate to point between poHtorbitsil procoHses 
 
 Greatest breadth of brain-case above or in front of intlated mastoids 
 
 Length of lateral series of teeth on alveoli (from front of canine to back of inohu) . 
 
 Greatest breadth acrosii molars (on alveoli) 
 
 Greatest breadth across canines (on alveoli) 
 
 Greatest length of under jaw (single half) 
 
 }Ieight of corono) '. proi-.jss from angle 
 
 Length of pterygoid fossa (from baseof hamular to deepest partofpostpalatalnotcli) 
 
 MEASUREMENTS OF TEETH. 
 
 Upper sectorial, greatest length of crown 
 
 Upper sectorial, greatest breadth of crown 
 
 Upper molar, greatest antero postci'ior diameter of ci own (on outer lobe) 
 
 Upper molar, greatest transverse diameter of crov.n (obliiiue) 
 
 Upper molar, greatest transverse diameter of crown from notch on outside 
 
 Upper molar, greatest autero i>osterior diameter of crown of inner lol)o 
 
 Lower sectorial tooth, greatest length of crown 
 
 Lower sectorial tooth, greatest breadtli at middle 
 
 Lower sectorial tooth, greatest breadth of posterior lobe 
 
 Combined length of upper sectorial and molar (on crowns) 
 
 RATIOS. 
 Ratios to ba.silar length of Rensel : 
 
 Zygomatic breadth 
 
 Mastoid breadth 
 
 Breadth of brain-case 
 
 Palatal length 
 
 Length of lateral series of teeth 
 
 Hr::.. it'll across molar.-* 
 
 Distance from foramen magnum to postpalatal notch 
 
 Height of cranium from basi"pheuold 
 
 Height of cranium from pikUte 
 
 Length of iipjjor sectorial tooth 
 
 Length of lower sectorial tooth 
 
 Length of pterygoid fo-ssa 
 
 Breadth across postorbital processes 
 
 Brea<lth of interorbital constriction 
 
 Breadth of postorbital constriction 
 
 Oi'cipito nasal length 
 
 4219. 
 
 04 
 
 02 
 
 Length of upper sectorial aiid molar together (on cro wus) 
 
 Ratios to palatal length: 
 
 Mastoid breadth 
 
 Foramen magnum to postpalatal notch 
 
 Length of upper lateral series of teeth 
 
 Breadth across ujjper molars 
 
 Length of upper sectorial tenth 
 
 Length of upper molar (antero-posterior diameter of outer cusp) 
 
 Ratic of breadth to htngth of upper sectorial tooth 
 
 Ratioef breadth to length of lower sectorial tooth (breadth at middle) 
 
 Ritio of length of inner cnsp toonter ctisp of iipner molar 
 
 Ratio of length of inner cusp to longest (t-ansverse) diameter of upper molar 
 
 Ratio of greatest transverse breadth of u,)per molar to antero-posterior diameter 
 
 of outer lobe of same 
 
 Ratios to upper lateral series of teolli ; 
 
 Length of upjier sectorial tooth 
 
 Length of lower molar 
 
 Breadth across upper molars 
 
 Ratio of breadth across canines to breadth across molars 
 
 Ratio of antero posterior diameter of outer cusp of upper molar to transveise diain- 
 eter from notch 
 
 .')3. 6 
 r>9 
 
 40. ."i 
 
 ^8.6 
 •JO 
 Id 
 15.5 
 
 ;i2. 5 
 
 L'2.5 
 
 18 
 
 15.8 
 
 24.5 
 
 19.7 
 
 2X2 
 
 15 
 
 41.5 
 
 20.5 
 
 .\2. 6 
 
 6.9 
 
 4.7 
 5.5 
 7 
 
 
 4.8 
 8.7 
 4 
 4 
 11.5 
 
 72. 9 
 
 CO. 3 
 44.1 
 40.5 
 S5. 4 
 41.8 
 58.5 
 ■J'2.4 
 28.4 
 12.4 
 15. « 
 
 m 
 :i2. 4 
 
 27.0 
 100.3 
 20 
 
 171.1 
 144.4 
 87.5 
 103.1 
 30.0 
 21.4 
 05.1 
 45.9 
 87.2 
 08.5 
 
 127.2 
 
 35 
 41.1 
 
 117.7 
 01. 
 
 4143. 
 
 03 
 
 fil. 5 
 
 40.5 
 
 37.3 
 
 l9.5 
 
 18.2 
 
 10 
 
 32.5 
 
 22. 5 
 
 17 
 
 15.2 
 
 24 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 14.5 
 
 41.5 
 
 20.5 
 
 13 
 
 6.8 
 4.0 
 5 
 7 
 
 5 8 
 4.4 
 8 
 4 
 
 3.5 
 11.1 
 
 73.6 
 07.8 
 43.0 
 40. i) 
 32.7 
 40 
 50 
 
 30.9 
 27.6 
 12.3 
 14.5 
 23.6 
 ,15.4 
 33 
 29 
 
 105.4 
 20.1 
 
 165.7 
 144.4 
 80 
 07.7 
 30. 2 
 22. 2 
 t;7. 
 50 
 8S 
 02.8 
 
 140 
 
 37.7 
 
 44 4 
 
 122 2 
 
 05.9 
 
 24807 
 J iid. 
 
 t 
 
 52 
 
 47 
 
 50.5 
 
 34 
 
 29.8 
 
 10.8 
 
 14.7 
 
 12.2 
 
 27.8 
 
 19.2 
 
 10. 5 
 
 12.,i 
 
 23.5 
 
 17.2 
 
 18.4 
 
 11.7 
 
 34 8 
 
 15.5 
 
 10,8 
 
 6 
 3.8 
 
 4,7 
 6.2 
 5 
 
 3.8 
 7.5 
 3 
 3 
 10.2 
 
 72.3 
 63.4 
 .10 
 
 40.8 
 30. ,') 
 
 ;i9. 1 
 
 58.5 
 35 1 
 20.5 
 12.7 
 15.9 
 22.9 
 3->. 7 
 31.2 
 25.9 
 107.4 
 21.7 
 
 155.2 
 144.7 
 K9. 5 
 9.>. 8 
 31.2 
 24.4 
 03. 3 
 40 
 80.8 
 01.2 
 
 91.6 80.2 
 
 34.8 
 
 43. 
 
 100.9 
 
 03.5 
 
 94 
 
 26308 
 </ iiii. 
 
 52.6 
 61.5 
 
 47 
 
 47.3 
 
 32 
 
 29.2 
 
 15.9 
 
 14 
 
 14.8 
 
 Utah. ^"'- Gal. i ^'"- Cal. 
 
 S. p. lati Irons. 
 
 ,^,o. 3.J57 d" : ,„„o g 30374 2100 ...go ;, 
 "•*•'- o yg. ad. i ''^^ ^ . 9 ad. d ad. -*"- " 
 
 28. 
 18. 
 17. 
 13 
 25 
 10 
 18. 
 II. 
 33 
 15. 
 10 
 
 6.3 
 4.2 
 5 
 
 6.5 
 5.2 
 3.7 
 7.2 
 3.1 
 2.8 
 10.2 
 
 68 
 02. 1 
 53. 1 
 30.3 
 34 
 39.7 
 00 
 
 37.2 
 27.6 
 13.4 : 
 1,5.3 
 21.2 
 33.8 ! 
 29.7 
 31.4 
 100. 6 
 21. 7 I 
 
 1.57.8 
 1.VJ.4 
 
 8'i.4 
 101 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 00.0 
 
 43 
 
 74 
 
 50. f 
 
 131.9 130 
 
 ;i&. 3 
 
 45 
 
 110.8 
 00.4 
 
 67 i 
 
 50 ; 
 
 50. 2 
 
 51.5 
 
 34.5 
 
 31.4 
 
 15.8 
 
 14. 
 
 14.2 
 
 30 
 
 20.2 
 
 10 
 
 13.8 
 
 22. 8 
 
 17.5 
 
 19. 2 
 
 U. 5 
 
 3,5. 8 
 
 17 
 
 11 
 
 0.3 
 
 3.8 
 
 4.3 
 
 0.2 
 
 .5.1 
 
 3.5 
 
 7.3 
 
 3.2 
 
 3 
 
 9.9 
 
 08.7 
 62.5 
 45.4 
 40.2 
 34.8 
 38.2 
 69.7 
 31.8 
 27.4 
 12. 5 
 14.5 
 21.9 
 31.4 
 28.4 
 28.2 
 102.5 
 19.7 
 
 1,55.4 
 148. 5 
 80.6 
 95 
 31.1 
 21.2 
 00.3 
 43.8 
 81.3 
 50.4 
 
 56.5 
 
 55.5 
 
 DO 
 
 51.5 
 34.3 
 31 I 
 17.8 
 14.8 I 
 
 15.4 ; 
 
 20.5 i 
 21'. 3 
 17.4 
 14 
 
 24 
 
 18.2 
 
 20.5 
 
 12.5 
 
 30.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 11.5 
 
 0.8 
 4.5 
 5.2 
 6.0 
 .5.3 
 4.1 
 70 
 3.5 
 2.8 
 10.9 
 
 08.0 
 02 
 48 
 40.0 
 36.4 
 41 
 59 
 34.8 
 28 
 13.0 
 15.2 
 23 
 
 35.6 
 L9.6 
 30,8 
 103 
 21.8 
 
 152.7 
 14.-I. 3 
 89.0 
 1(10. 9 
 33.4 
 25.0 
 66.1 
 46 
 78.8 
 02.1 
 
 144. 1 126. 9 
 
 36 
 41.7 
 109.7 
 59.8 
 
 51.3 
 50.5 
 
 4.5.6 
 40.5 
 31.5 
 28.5 
 15.8 
 13. 5 
 15 
 20.4 
 18.7 
 10.3 
 13.2 
 22. 5 
 16 6 
 19. 2 
 10.8 
 31.5 
 16 
 9.3 
 
 6.8 
 4.2 
 
 4.2 
 0.3 
 5.1 
 3.7 
 7 
 
 3.1 
 2.8 
 10 
 
 09.2 
 Oi. 
 49.4 
 41 
 
 30.4 
 42. 1 
 58 
 35. H 
 20 
 14.9 
 15.3 
 20.4 
 34.7 
 29.0 
 32. 9 
 102.1 
 21.0 
 
 1.52. 4 
 141.1 
 
 88.7 
 102.6 
 36.3 
 22. 4 
 1.7 
 41.2 
 88 
 58.7 
 
 150 
 
 37.3 
 
 40.9 
 
 41.7 
 
 42.1 
 
 112.6 
 
 115.0 
 
 00.9 
 
 80 2 
 
 •> I 
 
 52.3 
 51 
 
 40.5 
 
 47 
 
 33. 5 
 
 29. 8 
 
 16.7 
 
 14.5 
 
 15 
 
 27, 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 24.5 
 
 10.3 
 
 18.5 
 
 10.7 
 
 33 
 
 14.8 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 3.0 
 
 4.0 
 
 0.2 
 
 4.0 
 
 3.0 
 
 0.8 
 
 3 
 
 2.5 
 
 9.9 
 
 72 
 04 
 
 ,52. 6 I 
 40. H 
 35 
 30.7 
 58.4 
 36,5 I 
 27.0 
 12. 9 I 
 14.0 I 
 21.5 i 
 35.9 I 
 
 31. 1 ' 
 
 32. 2 ' 
 
 loi" 1 
 
 21 I 
 
 150.8 
 143. 1 
 8.5. 7 
 97.3 
 31.5 
 24.2 
 05 
 44.1 
 78.2 
 58 
 
 .30.8 
 
 41.7 
 
 113.4 
 
 57. 8 
 
 57 
 55 
 
 50 
 
 ,52.8 
 
 37 
 
 32 
 
 IH. 5 
 
 14.8 
 
 15.2 
 
 29. 2 
 
 20.7 
 
 17 
 
 14.3 
 
 24.5 
 
 17.8 
 
 20.8 
 
 13.5 
 
 37.2 
 
 17.2 
 
 10.8 
 
 0.5 
 4.4 
 
 4.8 
 7 
 
 5.7 
 4.2 
 8 
 
 3.2 
 3 
 10.7 
 
 74 
 64 
 49 
 41.4 
 35.0 
 41.0 
 58.4 
 34 
 
 28.0 
 13 
 16 
 
 21.6 
 37 
 
 29.6 
 
 30.4 
 
 105,6 
 
 21.4 
 
 154.5 
 141 
 
 85.9 
 1U0.4 
 
 31.4 
 
 211 
 
 67.6 
 
 40 
 
 87. 5 
 
 60 
 
 57.5 
 50.7 
 
 51.8 
 51.7 
 ( ! 30. 5) 
 32. 8 
 1H.7 
 15.4 
 15.5 
 29.5 
 22. 5 
 18.6 
 14.0 
 25. 5 
 17.5 
 21. 2 
 13 
 
 37.2 
 18 
 U 
 
 06.1 84.3 
 
 98.1 
 
 82. 3 I 100 
 
 30. 5 
 
 44.9 
 
 IIO.H 
 
 01.9 
 
 84.2 
 
 6. 
 4 
 
 4. 
 6. 
 5, 
 4. 
 7, 
 3 
 
 3.1 
 10 
 
 70.4 
 63.3 
 49.2 
 43.4 
 33.7 
 40.9 
 .56. 9 
 35.7 
 28.1 
 11. « 
 14.0 
 21.2 
 30.1 
 20. 7 
 29.9 
 99.8 
 19.3 
 
 145.7 
 1111.1 
 77.7 
 94.2 
 27. 5 
 21.3 
 04.5 
 40 
 87. 5 
 01,7 
 
 134.7 146.8 1 141.6 
 
 35 4 
 
 43.4 
 
 121. 1 
 
 01.3 
 
 90.5 
 
 Rose- 
 ^burg, 
 Oregon. 
 
 24200 
 9 old. 
 
 Chehal 
 
 Co., 
 
 Wash 
 
 2583. 
 
 
 52. 
 51. 
 
 40. 
 
 48. 
 34. 
 .30. 
 18 
 15 
 1,5. 
 27 
 
 
 
 32""' 
 
 18.3 
 15.3 
 15.0 
 
 18.5 
 
 14.5 
 
 13 
 
 25 
 
 16.5 
 
 19.5 
 
 11.5 
 
 0.2 
 3.7 
 4.6 
 6 
 
 5. 1 
 3.5 
 7.2 
 3.2 
 2.8 
 10 
 
 89.1 
 10.5.4 
 33.5 
 24.8 
 SO. 6 
 44.4 
 70 
 58. 3 
 
 130.4 
 
 37. 5 
 43.6 
 118.1 
 58 
 
 90.1 
 
CS AND RATIOS OF TEN SPECIES OF SPILOGALE. 
 
 S. p. latil'rous. 
 
 '"■ Nicaslo, 
 Cul. 
 
 Sunt a I Kuse- 
 Clura, I biir^;, 
 Cal. I Ore^uii. 
 
 S. piitoriuH. 
 
 Lake Worth, Fla. 
 
 4 2100 :.Mooi,„! 24200 
 I. d"aa. i-i»-"" 9 old. 
 
 57 
 55 
 
 SO 
 
 f>2.8 
 
 37 
 
 32 
 
 IH. 5 
 
 14.8 
 
 15.2 
 
 2'J.2 
 
 20.7 
 
 17 
 
 14.3 
 
 24.5 
 
 17.8 
 
 20.8 
 
 13.5 
 
 37.2 
 
 17.2 
 
 1U.8 
 
 C.5 
 4.4 
 4.8 
 7 
 
 6.7 
 4.2 
 8 
 
 3.2 
 3 
 10.7 
 
 57.5 
 60.7 
 
 51.8 
 51.7 
 (?30.5) 
 32.8 
 IK. 7 
 15.4 
 15.5 
 2!>.5 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 74 
 C4 
 40 
 41.4 
 35. « 
 41.6 
 58.4 
 34 
 
 28.0 
 13 
 10 
 
 21.6 
 37 
 
 20.6 
 
 30.4 
 
 105.6 
 
 21.4 
 
 154.5 
 141 
 
 85.0 
 1U0.4 
 
 31.4 
 
 23. 1 
 
 07.0 
 
 40 
 
 87.5 
 
 60 
 
 146.8 
 
 30.5 
 
 44.0 
 
 UO.rt 
 
 04.9 
 
 84.2 
 
 32 
 
 ias 
 
 15.3 
 15.0 
 
 22. 5 ; 
 
 18.5 
 
 18.6 1 
 
 14.6 
 
 14.0 
 
 13 
 
 25. 5 
 
 25 
 
 17.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 21.2 j 
 
 10.5 
 
 13 
 
 11.5 
 
 37.2 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 6.2 
 
 6.2 
 
 4. 
 
 3.7 
 
 4.8 
 
 4.0 
 
 6.8 
 
 6 
 
 5 3 
 
 5.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 3.5 1 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.2 1 
 
 3.5 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.1 
 
 2.8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 70.4 
 
 
 63. 3 
 
 
 40.2 
 
 
 43.4 
 
 
 33.7 
 
 .......... 
 
 40. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 
 35.7 
 
 
 28.1 
 
 
 U.S 
 
 
 14.6 
 
 
 21.2 
 
 
 
 36.1 
 
 
 21».7 
 
 
 
 29.9 
 
 
 99.8 
 
 
 1!). 3 
 
 ' 
 
 145.7 
 
 1 
 
 131.1 
 
 
 77.7 
 
 89.1 
 
 04.2 
 
 10,5.4 
 
 27. 5 
 
 33.5 
 
 21.3 
 
 24. 8 
 
 64.5 
 
 50.6 
 
 46 
 
 44.4 
 
 87.5 
 
 70 
 
 61.7 
 
 5H.3 
 
 141.6 
 
 130.4 
 
 35 4 
 
 j 37. 5 ' 
 
 43.4 
 
 43. 6 
 
 121. 1 
 
 1 118.1 
 
 01.3 
 
 58 
 
 00.5 
 
 00.1 
 
 150.9 
 
 13!). « 
 
 87 
 
 103. 
 32. 
 2.-). 3 
 
 on. 
 
 39. 4 
 77. 5 
 01.2 
 
 120.5 147.6 141?. 7 131.1 
 
 37.5 
 41.6 
 11!) 
 50.6 
 
 102 
 
 3,5.2 
 
 42. 9 
 
 113.5 
 
 03. 7 
 
 82.3 
 
 30.8 
 43.1 
 111.2 
 
 67.8 
 
 82.0 
 
 37. 5 
 
 42. .'. 
 
 1 1 5. G 
 
 02.1 
 
 90 
 
 132. 5 i 
 
 130.3 
 
 139. 1 
 
 34. 8 1 
 41.7 
 113.9 
 03.3 
 
 38.7 
 
 47.0 
 
 12!t. 2 
 
 02. 1 
 
 34.3 
 
 43.7 
 
 11.5.0 
 
 CO. 5 
 
 1 
 
 S)5. 5 ' 
 
 77 1 
 
 02 
 
 *^'''- ral, Fla. 
 
 24115 9 0400. 
 
 40.2 
 4.5.3 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 130 
 
 39.3 
 
 43.7 
 
 11H.7 
 
 .■>0. 8 
 
 91.3 
 
 ■11.8 
 
 28.7 
 
 26 
 
 l.i.n 
 
 13 
 
DESCR 
 
 A. DEE 
 
 TLe tj 
 
 Expedit 
 
 I the presi 
 
 jfoiin hav 
 
 iMonntaii 
 
 I pari son ( 
 
 [are at k 
 
 Iscribed. 
 
 The mt 
 
 iistiiigui 
 
 tbe color 
 
 the tail. 
 
 larginal 
 
 ^ahsatc 
 
 from the 
 
 md Doni 
 
 leck in i 
 
 Khestnut 
 
 uit; whi 
 
 bed or 0( 
 
 luuer bli 
 
 |s largo 
 
 nediuni t 
 
 Vlouiitaii 
 
 jionnd ci 
 
 il)per sui 
 
 Specific r 
 
 Season 
 
 resent 5- 
 
 am fani 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS OF THE GENUS 
 
 TAMIAS. 
 
 By Dr. C. Haet Merkiam. 
 
 ,. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OP THE TAMIAS 
 
 LATERALIS GROUP. 
 
 The type specimen of Tamias Uiteralin of !Siiy was collected by Long's 
 I Expedition on the Arkansas lilver in Colorado, a few miles below 
 j the present site of Canon City. Specimens agreeing with the typical 
 form have been examined from other parts of Colorado, from the Uinta 
 [Monutains in Utah, and frou) San Francisco ^lountain, Arizona. Com- 
 Iparison of specimens from varions parts of the West shows that there 
 [are at least three well-marked species which have not yet been de- 
 Iscribed. 
 
 The most conspicuous differences by which the several forms may be 
 [distiuguished are: (1) the extent of tln^ inner black dorsal stripe; {2) 
 the color of the head and neck; and (.'i) the color of the under side of 
 the tail. In true lateralis the under side of the tail (within the sub- 
 larginal black band) is grizzled (iyai/i.shy<lloH\ In speciuiens from the 
 ^ahsatch (near Park City, Utah), it is deep, intense vhoitnut; in those 
 [from the Sierra Xevada (from Klamath, Oregon, to Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 
 Hid Donner, California) it is deep./W/r(>/^s'. The head and sides of the 
 leck in typical lateralis are sutfused with i'erruginous or pale rusty 
 Bhestnut; in the Wahsatch animal tlie same parts are f/rey/rusty chest- 
 uit; while in specimens from the Sierra Nevada they are bright golden- 
 bed or ochra(!eous, strikingly ditferent from any of the others. The 
 Inner black strii»e is small and more or less obscured in lateralis; it 
 |s large and distinct in the Wahsatch and Sierra animals, and of 
 ledium size in ^Montana specimens. Specimens from the INIedicine Bow 
 [ountains, Wyoming, <lilt'er from all the others examined, in having the 
 Ground color above very much darker. In some of these specimens the 
 Ipper surface of the tail is almost black. The form may deserve sub- 
 Ipecific recognition. 
 
 Seasonal variation in color is more marked in some mend)ers of the 
 Present group than in any other North American mammal with which 
 am familiar (excei)ting, of course, the winter (change to pure white in 
 o.")14— No. 4 L5 17 
 
18 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 [No. 4. 
 
 some northern species). This variation rehites mainly to the extent 
 and intensity of the 10(1 or goklen mantle which covers the head and 
 neck. The maximum develoi)ment of color occurs soon after the close 
 of the breeding season, in August and September; but, as shown by 
 Dr. J. A. Allen* in his recent excellent and highly critical revision of the 
 chipmunks of the Tamias quaihinttaUis group, the change may be de- 
 layed by nursing and other causes, so that specimens showing both ex- 
 tremes may be killed the same day at the same place. As a rule the 
 males are more highly colored than the females. Tliis is particularly 
 marked in T. cinerascens,'u\ which the extremes of sexual coloration are 
 so different that it is hard to believe them the same species. Adult 
 males and females of this species, the former in the height of the red, 
 the latter in the purest gray phase, were collected by myself at Helena, 
 Montana, about the middle of August, 1888, together with a few speci- 
 mens in intei'mediate pelage. 
 
 Common characters. — Tamias lateralis and its allies here described 
 are the largest of the American ground squirrels of the genus Tamias. 
 They are intermediate between Tamias and Spermophihis, and it is open 
 to question whether they do not belong to the latter rather than to the 
 former genus. They certainly depart from Tamias proper and agree with 
 Spermophiliis (section or subgenus Golobotis) in the form of the skull, 
 in the general form of the body (in being heavy and thick-set instead 
 of light and slender), iu habits, in becoming excessively fat in the fall, 
 and in hibernating early. Tliey differ from all members of both groups 
 in the peculiar pattern of the coloration, namely, the absence of dorsal 
 stripe or stripes, coupled with the possession of three lateral stripes on 
 each side (two of which are black, separated by one which is whitish or 
 yellowish), and a conspicuous mantle of ferruginous-chestnut or ochra- 
 ceous, which covers the head and neck to the shoulders at least a part 
 of the year. Heretofore but one species {T. JatcraUs) has been recog- 
 nized. Three additional species are here described. The four may be 
 arranged in couplets according to affinities, thus : 
 
 KEY TO Sl'KCIES OV Till; TAMIAS LATEIJALIS GROUP. 
 
 a'. Inner black 8trii)(Miiiich smaller thiiu oiiti-r; lateral hairs of tail with <tt)o black 
 bauds; under side of tail grizzled yellowish gray. 
 
 // ', Grouiul color of l)ack grizzled brown lateralis, 
 
 !>-. Ground color of back gri/zled ash-gray cinemacenn. 
 
 a^. Inner stripe as large as outer; lat(!ral hairs of tail with one black band; under 
 side of tail fnlvous or chestnut. 
 
 c '. Under side of tail deep chcttiiiit : niautle ferruginous chestnut castaiiuriis, 
 
 <!-'. Under side of tail /«/ro«8 ; mantle ochraccous chri/nodcirus. 
 
 Fannal position.— Tamias lateralis and its relatives here described 
 belong to the lower or southern zones of the Boreal province. They in- 
 habit tlie Douglas Fir zone and the higher levels of the P//<M.s'/>y/<(?ero«« 
 zone, and are pai'tii-iilarly fond of rocky hillsides. 
 
 * Hull. Am. Miis. Nat. Tlisl., New Voik, III, May. 1890, pp. 4i)-.".(). 
 
[No. 4. 
 
 3CT., 1890. J 
 
 FIVE NEW GROUND SQUIRRELS. 
 
 19 
 
 ;o the extent 
 be head and 
 ter the close 
 as shown by 
 Bvision of the 
 } may be de- 
 viug both ex- 
 A.S a rule the 
 particularly 
 oloratlou are 
 jcies. Adult 
 t of the red, 
 slf at Helena, 
 1 a few speci- 
 
 ere described 
 jenus Tamim. 
 and it is open 
 ir than to the 
 nd agree with 
 1 of the skull, 
 tii-set instead 
 it in the fall, 
 f both groups 
 
 nee of dorsal 
 ral stripes on 
 
 is whitish or 
 
 nut or ochra- 
 ; least a part 
 been recog- 
 
 four may be 
 
 TAMIAS CASTANLTRUS sp. uov. 
 
 Type No. Sniil? i lul, U. S.Natioiial Mnseniii (Department of Agriculture collec- 
 tion). From Park City, Walisatch MonntaiiiH, Utah (altitiule 7,000 feet), 
 July 3, 1890. Collected by Vernon Hiiiloy. (Original number, I'.iS',].) 
 
 Measnremrnis (talfen in the tiesh). — Total length, L*84; tail vertebrie, 
 »'J; pencil, 32; hind foot, 43. Ear from crown, 13 (in dry skin). 
 
 Color. — Head and neck to shoulders ferruginous cliestnut, lightest on 
 the sides of the neck. Inner black stripe nearly as broad, long, and 
 jharply deliued as the outer, in this respect resembling T. chrysodeiruH 
 )f the V/ahsatcl). Belly hairs dusky at base as in T. citrysodeirus, but 
 tipped with whitish or very pale yellowish, the dusky base showing 
 through. Tail above mixed yellow, black, and reddish brown, with 
 I'ellow or fulvous border; tail below de^p chcsinHt, with a submargiual 
 )lack band. Upper surfaces of feet whitish. The grouiul color of the 
 rump and outer side of the leg is darker and more strongly suffused 
 ^vith reddish-brown than in T. chrysodvirns. 
 
 General remarlcs. — This species is remarkably constant in coloration, 
 18 shown by a series of 44 excellent specimens (consisting of adults 
 uid young of both sexes) collected in the Wahsatch Mountains in June 
 md July by Mr. Bailey. Almost the only variation from the type is in 
 the amount of, red in the mantle (some of the females having less than 
 phe type), and this is more constant than in the other species. 
 
 Mr. Bailey writes that those Ground Squirrels are "particularly abun- 
 lant around the edge of town [Park City] and around the boarding- 
 louses at the mines, where they pick ui) crumbs about the doors. A 
 jood many live along the roads, picking up the grain that falls from 
 ragons. Of thirty-five stomachs examined, all but ten contained re- 
 laius of insects (grasshoppers, beetles, flies, and larvic). Most of them 
 Contained also seeds of plants, flowers, and foliage, and some were 
 learly full of roses. Many contained corn, beans, oats, bread, cake, 
 )otatoes, and fat pork picked up about camp." 
 
 witli two black 
 
 lateralis, 
 
 cinerascenn. 
 
 ck band ; under 
 
 castniiuritK. 
 
 ...chrynotlcirus. 
 
 ere described 
 ce. They in- 
 HUH i)ondero8a 
 
 TAMIAS CHRYSODEIRUS sp. nov. 
 
 Type No. ^'Yi'i $ ad. Merriam collection. From Fort Klamath, Oregon, July 
 ;U, 1888. Collected by Samuel Parker. (Original number, 113.) 
 
 -; pencil, 25: 
 
 41)-50. 
 
 Measurements. — Total length, 280 ; tail vertebr;c, - 
 lind foot, 39; ear from crown, 13. 
 
 General characters. — Top of head, rusty chestnut; sides of neck, 
 >right ochraceous, this color reaching forward on the sides of the face. 
 )ackward to the shoulders, upward across the nuchal region, where it is 
 rrizzled with the black-tippecl hairs of the back, and downward (though 
 n a paler shade) completely ai^ross the throat, ami brightest on the 
 lides of the neck between the ears and shoulders. The three side stripes 
 
20 
 
 NOUTII AMKUICAN I'AIINA 
 
 I No. 4. 
 
 of equal l)reu(lth tliroughout; inner blaek stripe equalinif the outer in 
 length, breadth, and sharpness of dellnition; wliite stripe extending 
 both anteriorly and posteriorly beyond the otliers, and being traceable 
 in some specimens from tlie ears to the root of the tail Under side of 
 body everywhere strongly washed with pale ochraceous, which is deepest 
 on the throat, where the hairs are of the sam»? color throughout. Belly 
 hairs dusky at base, with yellowish tips, the dusky showing through. 
 Tail above, mixed black and yellow, with yellowish border; tnil below, 
 fulvous with a submarginal band of black. (Ji)[)er surfaces of feet 
 strongly suffused with ochraceous. 
 
 General remarlis. — This si)ecies is represented in the Department of 
 Agriculture collection by a series collected near (rlenbrook, Nev., on the 
 eastern side of Lake Talioe, by Charles A. Keeler; and in the Merriam 
 collection by series from Klamath, Oregon, collected by Samuel Parker ; 
 and Donner, Cal., collected by Charles A. Allen. The range of varia- 
 tion is slight and relates mainly to the intensity of color of the mantle, 
 which varies from deep ochraceous or orange red to pale yellowish. 
 
 ii>)ti 
 
 TAMIAS CINEKASCENS sp. nov. 
 
 Typo No. :H'tV2 iid. Merriiini collection. From Helena, .Montana (aUitiido 4,500 
 feet), Aiij^nst 115, 1888. Collected by C. Hart Merriam. (Original number, 4.) 
 
 Measurements. — Total length, 322; tail vertebne, lOS; pencil, 35; hind 
 foot, 44 ; ear I'rom crown, !). 
 
 Color of type specimen, and of females cjcnerally in gray phase. — Upper 
 parts, from nose to root of tail, clear ash gray, grizzled with black-tipped 
 hairs ; uo red anywhere, or at most a slight ochraceous tinge on shoul- 
 ders or a few red hairs about head ; white stripe brotid, reaching from 
 ears to hips, somewhat obscured over shoulders ; black stripe broad, 
 short, and obscured at both ends, the inner shorter than the oiter: a 
 reddish-brown wash on outer side of thighs; tail above grizzled l)lack 
 and gray, with yellowish border; tail below grizzled grayish-yellow 
 with a broad submarginal black band and a narrower and less distinct 
 (concealed) band on the itasal half of the lateral hairs; under parts 
 whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish, the dusky basiil portion of the 
 belly hairs showing throiigh ; feet whitish from ankles. 
 
 Males in red phase.— '^xmWAv to gray phase, but with top of head and 
 neck and sides of neck from white of lower ey(;lid to shoulders, deep 
 rusty chestnut; eyelids white; a whitish line from eye to ear, dividing 
 the red ; face in front of eye whitish. 
 
 iieneral remarls.—Thii females when in the red phase are not nearly 
 so red as the males ; and no males in the gray phase were i)rocured. 
 The species is represented by specimens, all collected by myself at 
 Helena, Mont., in August, 1888. 
 
 The relationships of Tamias cineraseens are with T. lateralis, not 
 with T. castanurHs or T. chrysodeirus. 
 
I No. 4. 
 
 OCT , 1890. 1 
 
 FIVK NEW O ROUND SQUIRRELS. 
 
 21 
 
 the outer in 
 e extemliug 
 ng traceable 
 Finler iSido of 
 ch is deepest 
 hont. Belly 
 ing tbrougli. 
 ; tail below, 
 faces of feet 
 
 epartinent of 
 , Nev., on the 
 the INIerriaui 
 luuel Parker ; 
 nge of varia- 
 if the mantle, 
 ellowish. 
 
 a (alt it 11(10 4,500 
 iial number, 4.) 
 
 sncil, 35; hind 
 
 hase. — Upper 
 
 I black-tipped 
 
 nge on shoul- 
 
 caching from 
 
 stripe broad, 
 
 the otter: a 
 
 jri/zled black 
 
 [layish-yellow 
 
 I loss distinct 
 
 under parts 
 
 )ortion of the 
 
 [» of head and 
 
 oulders, deeii 
 
 ear, dividinj; 
 
 ire not nearl.v 
 
 rere i)rocured. 
 
 by myself at 
 
 lateralis, not 
 
 B. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OP THE TAMIAS HARRISI 
 
 GROUP. 
 
 The members of the Tamins harriHt group differ from all other Ameri- 
 can ground s(piirrels in po.sscssing a single lateral stripe, white in color. 
 Three forms have beiMi thus far described, namely, tiie original T. harrisi 
 of Bachman, ?hich has the under side of the tail iron-gray and the lat- 
 eral hairs black at base and marked with two free black bands; T. leu- 
 curiis (described by the writer in Fauna No. 2, 1889, pp. 19-21), which 
 has the under side of the tail white, with a single partly concealed sub- 
 marginal black band; and 2\ Icucnnis cinnamomciis (described by the 
 writer in Fauna, No. 3, 1890, pp. 51-53), which has the tail colored like the 
 foregoing, butthe upper parts su flu sod with cinnamon. The new species 
 jhere described (T. intcrprcs), while resembling T. harrisi and T. leu- 
 Icurua in the color of the upper parts, has the lateral hairs of the tail 
 I black at the base and marked with tivo free black bands as in T. harrisi 
 from western Arizona, and the hairs of tlie under surface of the tail white 
 as in leucurus. It resembles lenciirus more than harrisi, and yet is more 
 closely related to the latter. It is clearly intermediate between the two 
 land still it does not connect them, there being room for an intervening 
 jform or 'intergrade' in each direction. Intergrades with harrisi will 
 {probably be discovered, so that it will rank eventually as a subspecies. 
 It may be known from the following description : 
 
 TAMIAS INTBRPRES sp. nov. 
 
 Typo No. i,?,',l';(i 9 ad. U. S. National Musonin (l)ei)artni(Mit of Agricnltnro col- 
 lection. From 1^1 I'aso, Texas, December 10, IHS'J. Collected by Vernon 
 IJailoy. (Orisfinai niiinlier, 7(W.) 
 
 Measurements (taken in flesh). — Total length, 226; tail vertebrae, 80; 
 pencil, 22; hind foot, 37 ; ear from crown, 4 (in dry skin). 
 
 General characters. — Simihir to Tamias leucurus, but tail longerand its 
 lateral hairs marked with two free black bands instead of one. 
 
 « 'D/or (of type in winter pelage). — LTpper parts finely grizzled gray, 
 jfaintly tinged posteriorly with vinaceous, and suffused with pale ful- 
 rous over the nose; shoulders, liips, and outer surfaces of fore and hind 
 legs ochraceous buff; a broad strii)e of clear white on each eyelid and 
 HI each side of back from shoulders to side of rump; under parts silivy 
 fhitish. Tail above with proximal third concolor with back and suf- 
 fused with pale fulvous; distal two-thirds grayish black with a partly 
 [lioncealed submarginal black band and whitish border ; tail below white, 
 nth two conii)lete free black bands (the innermost concealed) and a 
 I'hitish border. The lateral hairs of the tail are black at the very base, 
 lo that each hair has three black zones, alternating with three white 
 tones, precisely as in T. h<(rrisi. Ibit it differs from harrisi in having 
 the hairs of the underside of the tail whitish instead of marbled black 
 rod white, giving the tail a very different appearance. 
 
 J 
 
22 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. INo.4, 
 
 The four forms may be easily identified by ihe following 
 
 KKY TO 81'ECIKS AXll SUUSl'KCIKS OF THE TAMIAS IIAKKIKI GUOUP. 
 
 A.— Lateral hairs of fall with one froo black band, under side of tail white : 
 
 ft'. Upper parts grayish leucurvH, 
 
 ¥. Uppei parts ciuuainoii letiouruH cinnamomeii-^. | 
 
 B. — Lateral liairs of tail witli tivo free blacl< bands: 
 
 o'. Under side of tail iron-gray (mixed black and white) hanixi. 
 
 €-. Under side of tail white interprex. 
 
 C. DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 A NEW SUBSPECIES OF 
 MINIMUS GROUP. 
 
 THE TAMIAS 
 
 TAMIAS MINIMUS MELANURUS subsp. nov. 
 
 Type No. "u"i1 S ad. U. 8. National Mnsoum (Department of Agriculture col- 
 lection). From west side of Snake River near Blackfoot, Idaho, July 17, 
 J890. Collected by Vernon Bailey and Basil Hicks Dntcher. (Original num- 
 ber, 1451). 
 
 MeastiremenU. — Total length, — ; tail vertelme, 84 ; pencil, 21; hind 
 foot, 29; ear from crown, 7.5 (in dry skin). 
 
 General characters. — Similar to Tamias minimus consobrinus Allen, but 
 with under side of tail black along the median line, bordered on each 
 side with pale yellowish — thus exactly reversing the condition whicli 
 prevails in all the other kuowu species of the genus, the normal ar- 
 rangement consisting of a light (usually yellowish or fulvous) median 
 stripe, bordered by a submarginal band of black. 
 
 General rewwrA's.— Specimens of this new form of the small, pallid 
 chipmunk of the Great Basin have just been received from Vernon 
 Bailey, chief field agent of the Division, and his assistants, Basil Hicks 
 Dutcher and Olfirk P. Streator. They were collected on the Snake 
 Kiver Desert in Idaho, between Blackfoot and Big Lost River. Mr. 
 Bailey writes me that they are replaced by the ordinary form (T. mini- 
 mtis consobrinus) in the immediate vicinity of Blackfoot, on the east side 
 of Snake River. The Snake River Desert consists of sand and sage 
 plains alternating with lava beds. Without knowing the exact haunts 
 of the animal it " difiicult to say whether its peculiar freak of tail col- 
 oration i» protective (in harmony with the dark tints of the lava) or *//■ 
 rectire (in sharp contrast with the light (!olors of the sandy desert). I 
 incline to the latter view. 
 
 The new form is here treated as a subspecies instead of a species, be^ 
 cause specimens from Big Lost River are somewhat intermediate, hav- 
 ing the usual submarginal black band on the basal third of the tail, 
 while the central part is black beyond. (No. 23046 9 , collected bj 
 Clark P. Streator, July 21, 1890, is of this character). 
 
(Xo.4. 
 
 il OKOUP. 
 
 ,il white : 
 
 , leuctirtiH. 
 
 uruH oinnamomeiis, 
 
 hai'riiti, 
 
 interprcK. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW EVOin^lVS IHOM COLORADO. 
 
 HE TAMIAS 
 
 By Dr. (3. Hart Merriam. 
 
 nov. 
 
 f Agriculture col- 
 t, Idaho, July 17, 
 -. (Original nuni- 
 
 «ncil, 21 ; hiiid 
 
 'inus Alien, btit 
 ■dered on each 
 ondition which 
 the normal ar- 
 ulvous) median | 
 
 le small, pallid 
 I from Vernou 
 its, Basil Hicks 
 
 ou the Snake 
 St River. Mr. 
 
 form (jT. milli- 
 on the east side 
 sand and sage 
 le exact haunts 
 eak of tail col- 
 the lava) or ili- 
 ndy desert). I 
 
 »f a species, be- 
 ?rmediate, hav- | 
 ird of the tail, 
 ? , collected bj 
 
 Up to tht^ present time no member of thecircunipolar p;enus Evotomys 
 
 has been recorded from the Kocky Alonntaiii re{;ion of the United States, 
 
 [so far as I am aware. It is with {^reat pleasure, tlunrefore, that I am 
 
 jable to add to our fauna a new species of this getus from the mount- 
 
 I ains of Colorado. 
 
 The specimen on which the new species is based was collected near 
 Gold Hill, Boulder County, Col., at an altitude of 9,500 feet, by Mr. 
 ; Denis Gale, who very g^^nerously presented it to me along with an inter- 
 j esting collection of other mammals from the same region. 
 It may be known by the following description : 
 
 EVOTOMYS GALE I si), nov. 
 
 Galk's Kkd-hacked Mouse. 
 
 (Platen, fig. :$.) 
 
 Type ?,!j^5 9i<l. Mcrriani colloction. From Uonldcr County Colorado (altitude 
 9,500 feet), .July V,i, 1H8'J. Collected by DenJH Gale. 
 
 Size about equal to that of IJ. ijappcri,, or a little larger, but not so 
 [large as ii\ caroUncnsis. Unfortunately no measurements were taken 
 in the flesh. The hind foot, after soaking to straighten the toes, meas- 
 ures 19. The tail in the dry skin measures about 4L*; x)encil, 6.5. The 
 ears are considerably larger than those of E. fjapperi and the antitragus 
 [is relatively as well as actually much larger. 
 
 Color. — Above, considerably lighter than true gapperi ; dorsal band 
 {well defined, pale hazel (not obscured by black-tipped hairs), extending 
 from midway between the eyes and ears nearly to the tail; rest of up- 
 per parts 'Isabella-color,' suffused with ochraccous-butt". Below, white 
 Ithroughout, without trace of fulvous; basal half of fur of belly plum- 
 ibeous. Tail sharply bicolor: above, 'Isabella-brown,' with a blackish 
 (tip; below, soiled white. There is no apparent post-auricular spot. 
 
 Cranial characters. — Compared with E. f/apperi, the brain-case is 
 [broader, flatter, and more squarish in outline; immediately behind the 
 
 •23 
 
24 
 
 NOUiJl A.MHlilCAN FAUNA. 
 
 I No. 4. 
 
 orbit.s it .spreiuls out inoro abrni^tly, and the postoibifal procos.s of'tlu' 
 Hqiiaino.sal i.s iiiorr proiiiiiH'iif, so tiiattlic orhilal and l(>iii|ioral t'oHnn' 
 are more .sliarply separated. A broad doi>ivssioii occupies tiio posterior 
 part of the fronhds. Tlie undital bullae are larj>e and hlKli, but are les.s 
 inflated laterally tlian in (/(ipperi. Tlie zy{jo!nati(; arclie.s are soiuewliaf 
 expanded upward at tlie point of Junction of tlie Jugal with the /ygo- 
 niatic pro(!ess of tlie ni axillary, showinjj a tendi'iuty toward the forma 
 tion of the vertical lamella seen in Phenacomi/s and the lemminjjs. 
 
 Dental characters. — The molar series are considerably larjrer than in 
 skulls o( (/iipjHri of the same size, but are not so larjje as in Plienacomf/s. 
 The last lower molar isslifjhtly broader jjosteriorly than anteriorly (con- 
 trary to the rule in ErnfonwjH) and is broadest in the middle. It con- 
 sists of three transverse looi)S, all of which are closed. The re-enlraTit 
 angles of the inner side are very deep ; those on the outer side are cor- 
 respondingly shallow. The front lower molar has the usual number of 
 loops and triangles. The anterior looj) is directed straight forward and 
 communicates broadly with tiie adjoining triangles on each side, leaving 
 one external and two internal do.sed (or nearly closed) triangles and a 
 posterior loop. The upper nudars present no noteworthy ]>eculiarities. 
 All of the molars in both jaws are rooted, each having two long and 
 well-formed roots, resemblingthoseof 7'/;f'«r<('owj/«, except that they arc 
 not closed at the bottom. (See fig. 3.) They may be considered as 
 intermediate between those of Ewiomys ruiilm and Phcnacomys. 
 
 a 
 
 I'u;. li. -Miliar liiili ol I'.n.tdiniis galei (a, left iii)])or Hoiics; h, left Iriwcv soriea). 
 
I No. 
 
 l>rocORs of tlic 
 'iiiponil fuHtsii' 
 ■< tlui posterior 
 li, but are less 
 nro soiiHMvliiit 
 vitli the y.ygo- 
 ml tlio forniii 
 Miiiiiin^s. 
 liir^'or tlinn in 
 II I'lietutcomi/s. 
 iitoriorly (con 1 
 <l4l1(>. It con- I 
 riic reenlriitit | 
 r side are coi- 
 iial number ol 
 it forward and 
 h side, leaving; 
 ianjrles and n | 
 ^ l)ocnliarities. 
 two long an<l 
 t that tliey are | 
 considered as 
 acomys. 
 
 V Mciii-a). 
 
 DESCKIPTKINS (IP TWII NKW SI'KCIKS or KVOTd.MVS I'lKlM TilK TACIFIC 
 CUA.ST RKGION UF THE UMTKD STATES. 
 
 P.y Dr. (1. ilART Mkrriam. 
 
 During the summer of 18S9, Mr. Theodore S. Palmer made a biologi- 
 |cal reconnaissance of tlie Pacific coast region from ncnthern California 
 jto Paget Sound, under tiie direction of tbe Division of Ornitiiology and 
 Mammalogy of the Department of Agriculture. Among the interest- 
 ing results of bis explorations was tbe capture of two specties of the cir- 
 cumpolar Arvicolino genus Enifouiys, one as far soutli as Humboldt 
 jliay, California. Tbe only previous record of tbe genus tVom tbe Pa- 
 jcific region is Coues' mention of a specimen collected by Keunerly at 
 jChilowk Lake,"Wa8bington, and referred to E. gappcri* Species of tbe 
 [genus bave been described by the writer from tbe Great Snu)ky Mount- 
 [ains in North Carolina and Tennessee, and from tbe Rocky Mountains 
 [in Colorado. It remains oidy to discover a form in tb« Sierra Nevada 
 [in order to comi)lete the illustration of the typical distribution of a Bo- 
 Ireal genus, exteniling its range southward along all tbe great mountain 
 Isystems of tbe continent and throughout tbe humid Pacilic coast region 
 |to the southernmost limits of the Boreal zones. 
 
 The new species collected by Mr. Palmer may be know from tbe fol- 
 lowing descriptions : 
 
 EVOTOMYS OCCIDENTALIS sp. nov. 
 
 WKSTRUX KKI) HACKEP MdUSK. 
 
 (Plalc II, (ij;-. I.) 
 
 Type No. J J Ji] ^ ad. T^. S. National MiiacMiin (IJcpiirtmont of Af^iicnUnrc col- 
 leotion). From Abenlooii, Clniliali.s Comity, WaNliiiigton, August l(i, lH8i). Col- 
 IcctiMl by Theodore S. Palmer. (Original iuiml)er, :{0H.) 
 MeasuremeniH (taken in flesh).— Total length, 145; tail vertelme, 45 ; 
 )encil, 3; bind foot, 18; ear from crown, 7.5 (in dry skin). 
 
 Oenerat characters.— S\ze medium, about equaling E.^apperi; tail 
 rather long; coloration very much darker than in any other known 
 form. 
 
 Mon. N. Am. KocFeiitia, 1877, 144. 
 
 26 
 
26 
 
 NOHTII AMKRICAN FAUNA 
 
 I No. 4. 
 
 (/W(».— U|)j»Oi' pnrts (liirk soitia Imowii, with ii broad dorsnl iirou ol 
 hiinit iiinbcr not sliiii pl.v th^tliiuil. ITiitltT piirtH salmon color, tliu dnsky 
 basail part of the liir .soinitinit's sliowiiifj tlirouj^^li. Tail bluckinh abovf, 
 NJiKlitly pal«r below, but not bi(M)lor. Hind feet dusky. 
 
 Cranial and dental I'haracters.—Tho akiUl of Erotomyit occUlentalis is 
 gniall and narrow, with the br.iin vnm liighly arched. The enamel 
 folds of the molars are deep, those IVom ojiposite sides piessing strontrl.v 
 against one another as shown in the llgnro (plate ii, tig. 1). The 
 front lower molar has live projecting angles on the inner side and four 
 on the outer. The last upper molar has four projecting angles on the 
 inner side and three on the outer, with sonietiioes the suggestion of a 
 fourth. 
 
 EVOTOMYS CALIFOllNICUS sp. nov. 
 
 tlALIl-'OUNIAN liKD-nACKKl) MOL'SR. 
 
 (Plato II, lijr. 2.) 
 
 Typt" No. i^lji,', (? 11(1. U. H. Nntionul MnHoiiiii (Dcimrtnient of Auricniltnre col- 
 lection). From EnroUii, lliiinboldt County, Ciilifornia, .Iiino a, 1881). Col- 
 lected by Theotloro S. I'ttlmor. (Original number, 110.) 
 
 Measurements (taken in flesh). — Total length, 101 ; tail vertebr.T, 
 50; pencil, 5; hind foot, 21 ; ear from crown, (apparently defective 
 at tip; measured from dry skin). 
 
 General eharacters. — Compared with JJ. oceidentalis, the present form 
 is larger, with longer tail and hind feet and shorter ears (the margins 
 of the ears appear to be imperfect, and may have been slightly longer). 
 The tail is distinctly bicolor, . jich is not the case in occidentalis ; it is 
 dusky above and whitish below. There is less red in the dorsal area, 
 and the black hairs ai*e more conspicuous. The ground color above is 
 lighter and has a grayish tint, especially on the sides, instead of being 
 dark sepia-brown. The belly is white instead of salmon. The hind feet 
 are much liirhter. 
 
 Cranial and dental characters. — The skull is larger, broader, and 
 flatter than that of E. occidentalis, its nearest relative; the frontals arc 
 depressed and concave between the eyes, and also broader interorbitally; 
 the zygomatic arches stand out more strongly in front, and the pari- 
 etals are very much broader and flatter. The dental characters are 
 essentially the same as in IJ, occidentalis. 
 
PESnilPTION (IF A NKW MAKTKN (MIISTKLA CAURINA) FROM THE 
 NORTHWEST COAST J(E(;iON OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Hy Dr. C. Hart Meiiriam. 
 
 The marten inhabititiR' tlio denso spruce forests of the heavy rain-fall 
 belt along the northwest coast from northern California to Puget Sound, 
 and tloubtless ranginj,' nnich farther north, dift'ers specifically from the 
 eastern M. americnna in both cranial and dental characters, and many 
 of the departures from the latter animal are in the direction of the ohl 
 world M. zibellina. It may be known fron> the following description: 
 
 MU8TELA CAURINA sp. nov. 
 
 Type No. iSJj'i d yg. ad. Morriuiu collection. From Chelialis County, Wash- 
 ington (coast near Gray's Harbor), February 4, 1886. Collected by L. C. 
 Toney. 
 
 General characters. — In external api)earance Mustela caurina dift'ers 
 [little from ^1/. americana, the chief ditterence being that the irregular 
 markings of the throat and under surface generally are orange-red in- 
 stead of whitish or yellowish. A female taken at the same place and 
 Ion the same day as the type has the Hanks and even the upper parts 
 jsufl'uaed with the same color, giving the animal a peculiarly rich and 
 [beaatiful appearance. 
 
 A young female, less than half grown, was collected by Mr. T. S. 
 iPalmer, at Crescent City, in the extreme northwestern corner of Cali- 
 [fornia, June 19, 1889 (No. IJiUl- U. S. National Museum). It is very 
 I woolly and the color is a uniform light seal brown, somewhat paler below, 
 (and interrupted on the throat by a yellowish patch. 
 
 Cranial characters. — The skull of Mustela caurina dift'ers from that of M. 
 \americana in the following particulars : The rostral portion is broader 
 land shorter ; the audital bulla; are shorter anu less inflated ; the frontals 
 jare broader both interorbitally and postorbitally ; the shelf of the palate 
 [is less produced behind the plane of the last molar; the first upper pre- 
 Imolar is smaller and more crowded ; the upper molars are larger; the 
 (upper sectorial, in addition to its larger size, has the inner lobe very 
 luch larger and longer, projecting anteriorly beyond the plane of the 
 interior lobe, the reverse being the ca.se in M. americana ; the last upper 
 
 87 
 
28 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 I No. 4. 
 
 inoliir is not only larger, but has a much broader saddle ; the transverse 
 diiuiii'ter of the tooth is about oiu.'-tiiird greater tliau in .1/. americana, 
 and the anteroposterior diameter of the inner lobe is both relatively 
 and absolutely much greater; the distance between the outer alveoli 
 of the upper canines equals the greatest length ofaudital bulhe instead 
 of being much less ; the transverse diameter of last uppermolar is greater 
 instead of less than the length of the upper sectorial ; the length of 
 the first lower molar is less instead of greater than the anteroposterior 
 diameter of the last upper molar, and equals instead of exceeding 
 the greatest breadth of the upper sectorial. The under jaw is in every 
 way larger and heavier; the lower canine is not so strongly bent; the 
 first lower premolar is smaller; the last lower molar is approximately 
 of the same size; the lower sectorial is larger in both diameters; the 
 three remaining lower teeth (second and third premolars and first molar) 
 are uniformly shorter, thicker, and higher. The inner cusp of the lower 
 sectorial is wanting in the male and nearlj' obsolete in the female. 
 
 The above cranial and dental comparisons have been made with speci- 
 mens from the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York, and in 
 both cases with skulls of corresponding sex and almost (sxactly the same 
 size. Tlu'. resulting absolute measurements, therefore, as well as the 
 ratios, are available for direct comparison. Bo=:h of the sLuUs of I,i. 
 caurina are young adults, while those of M. americana are a little older 
 though by no means old. Ilence the breadth of the frontals postorbi- 
 tally in M. caurina is somewhat greater than if the skulls were fully 
 adult. 
 
 MeuHuremvnts of skulls of Musiela caurina and M. americana. 
 
 •rf . 
 
 Measureiueiits of HkuU. 
 
 31. cai-riiKi. M. iiiiK'i;'i'(ina, 
 I Clieliilis AdiiDiiihicks, 
 
 I County. VVnsli. Xmv Voi'k. 
 
 2578 ^ ' 2577$ 
 
 Hasilar Iciigtli from roiidylii to front of pii'niaxillaiv 
 
 Hiisiliir It'njith of Hi'mhcI (frnni infonor lip of foniuien nia^niini to 
 
 posterior rim of hIvimiIum of niiddlo incisor) 
 
 (Ireatest zygoiiiatic In-cudtli 
 
 ISrendtli acions |)ostoil)ital processes _., 
 
 Least iiitcrorliital breadth '.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.. 
 
 Least postorliital breadtli .'.'.'..'..'... 
 
 Distance fioni inferior lip of foramen iiiagiiMin to ]iostpaiatal' notcli' 
 I'alatal lenfjtli (from postpalatal notch to posterioi- iiiii of alveolus 
 
 olf middle incisor) 
 
 Length of lateral siTies of teetli on alveoli (from front of "eatiiVio 
 
 to l)a<'k of last midar) 
 
 Greatest breadth across molars (on alveoli) '.""!!!!..!..! 
 
 (Jreatest breadth across canines (on ■ilvooH) ..'. 
 
 (irt^atest b'nKtli of iinilerjaw (single haif) ".'!.'..!..]! 
 
 Jleight ofcovonoid |)idcess from angle ....'.'...'. 
 
 Length of i)teiygoid (ossa (from base of hamnlar t(i ileeiiVst part of 
 
 postpalatal notch) 
 
 Length of slielf of palate lahind plane of alveolus' of last" "molars 
 
 Greatest length ofaudital bulla 
 
 Least breadth of mu/,/.le behind canine 
 
 Measiiiriiientu of teeth. 
 
 Upper sectorial, length of crown 
 
 ITpjier sectorial, breadth of eiowu ...!i!ii. .!..!] !!^i 
 
 Last upper molar, anturo-posteiior diamet^'r of outer loho 
 
 Last uppermolar, autero-poeterior diameter of inner lobe 
 
 78 
 
 70.5 
 
 70.7 
 
 (iS. 5 
 
 44. 5 > 
 
 40. K 
 
 2-.'. ,-) ! 
 
 20 
 
 17.7 
 
 16.9 
 
 l(i,4 
 
 1«. 2 
 
 XI. 2 
 
 :io. .i 
 
 ;i7. (i 
 
 111! 
 
 'JK 
 
 21. !i 
 
 !;() 
 
 2;i 
 
 1.^ 
 
 i:i. 2 
 
 52.0 
 
 42. r, 
 
 21). 5 
 
 21 
 
 0.8 
 
 10.4 
 
 (i.2 
 
 0.;) 
 
 15 
 
 irt.s 
 
 17. r. 
 
 14 
 
 S. 2 
 
 7.;i 
 
 5 
 
 4.5 
 
 4 
 
 a. 7 
 
 5.5 i 
 
 4.5 
 
 )27,/ 
 
 .4»ao 9 
 
 77.5 
 
 70. f. 
 
 70. 5 
 
 01. L' 
 
 •14.7 
 
 an J 
 
 21 
 
 18. a 
 
 17. a 
 
 15. .'^i 
 
 15.5 
 
 14. ■< 
 
 a;t. a 
 
 31. 'J 
 
 .■iO. 5 
 
 33 
 
 27. 5 
 
 24. .1 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 13 8 
 
 12.7 
 
 :io.5 
 
 45 
 
 2:1 
 
 IH. ,'•. 
 
 10.5 
 
 10 
 
 7.7 
 
 fi. I 
 
 10. 5 
 
 16.2 
 
 15 
 
 • 13. a 
 
 7 7 
 
 7 
 
 4.7 
 
 .a. 7 
 
 4 
 
 a. a 
 
 4.7 
 
 « 
 
I No. 4. 
 
 le transvcrsi' 
 I. americana, 
 til relatively 
 outer alveoli 
 juUie instead 
 »lar is greater 
 Jie length of 
 eroposterior 
 of exceeding 
 w is in every 
 fly bent ; the 
 p])roxiniately 
 iinieters; the 
 id first molar) 
 [) of the lower 
 s female, 
 de with spec!- 
 York, and in 
 ictly the same 
 bs well as the 
 si. alls of j'l. 
 ! a little older 
 itals postorhi- 
 Us were fnlly 
 
 CdllJ. 
 
 M. ainfricaua, 
 AdiroiiiiiickH, 
 ill. , Ninv VToi'k. 
 
 I 
 
 I. K 
 
 1.5 
 
 4927,;?' 
 
 .4030 ? 
 
 77.5 
 
 70. r> 
 
 70. 5 
 
 fl».:' 
 
 •U.7 
 
 :i9 -J 
 
 til 
 
 iH.;i 
 
 17. n 
 
 15. r. 
 
 15.5 
 
 14.5 
 
 :i;!.3 
 
 31.-' 
 
 :!0. 5 
 
 33 
 
 •J4 
 13 8 
 ."iO. 5 
 
 2;i 
 
 10. 5 
 7.7 
 10. 5 
 16 
 
 24.:. 
 21 
 
 12.7 
 45 
 
 18. ,'•. 
 
 10 
 6.1 
 10. V 
 
 13. ;i 
 
 Oa.,l?90] DKSCKIPTION OK A NEW MAUTEN. 29 
 
 Mcmincminls oj : ..iillti of Miisttht vdnriitd and M. anivri(.i)ia—Vm\in]\u'A\. 
 
 Measurements of skull. 
 
 M. caiiriiia, Jf. auiericana, 
 (Jlichnlis Adirondack^, 
 
 County, Wa.sli. New York, 
 
 2578c/' ' 2577 9 ■«927fy I 4930? 
 
 Meaauremcnts of teeth— ConimncA. 
 
 Last uppor molar, nutoro-postoiiordiiinietcroCsaddlo. 
 
 I.ii'^i upper molar, (ircati'st trausver.so dianiotur 
 
 I.iiwcr .sci'toriiil toolh, };'''-'*t<'»t leu.ijth of crown 
 
 1,1 until of lir.sl lower molar .' 
 
 h'ation (if cranial and dental measurement* : 
 
 ill tins to basilar leuetli of llciust-l : 
 
 Zvsionialic. broautli 
 
 Piiiatul Icngt h 
 
 I.iiiutli of lateral series of tooth 
 
 Kieiidtli acro.sa molars 
 
 I.i'ii^lli of upper sectorial tooth 
 
 I.eii L't li 'if lower sectorial tooth 
 
 iiieaillli of postorbital constriction 
 
 Length of under, jaw ' 
 
 latio of len<;th of inner cu.sp to outer cusp of ui.nft- molar 
 
 tiitio of length of inner cusp to transv'erso uiametcr of upper 
 iiKilai'. 
 
 tio of breadth to length of upper sectorial 
 
 ;itio of aiitero-posterior diameter of saddle of upper molar to same i 
 
 (liaineler of inner lobe 
 
 .iliort to half basilar lenj^th (from condyle to froutofjiremaxiUiuy): i 
 
 Zvijomutic breadth 
 
 I'alatal lenj^th , 
 
 l!i eiidth of anteorbital constrictiou 
 
 lireailtli of postorbital constriction 
 
 Leujith of lateral series of teeth 
 
 I'luadth across molars 
 
 Isicadtli of last upper molar 
 
 Length of upper sectorial 
 
 l.piiuth of lower sectorial 
 
 lien;;th of lirst lower molar 
 
 I'ost-molar production of shelf of palate 
 
 I,cnj;lli of a.ulital buUie 
 
 Ilreadth of muzzle '. 
 
 3.0 
 8.5 
 
 3 
 
 V. 5 
 
 .■1.7 
 7.3 
 
 3 
 6.1 
 
 10 
 
 8.5 
 
 8.7 
 
 8 
 
 5,1 
 
 4.5 
 
 1 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.4 
 
 62.9 
 
 1 
 04.2 
 
 63.4 
 
 01 
 
 53. 1 
 
 51.9 
 
 51. !l 
 
 51.4 
 
 39. C 
 
 38.5 
 
 39 
 
 38,1 
 
 3(1. 7 
 
 3(i. 2 
 
 34 
 
 32. V 
 
 11,5 
 
 11.4 
 
 10.9 
 
 10.9 
 
 14.1 
 
 13.3 
 
 12. '1 
 
 12.4 
 
 23.1 
 
 25. 5 
 
 21.9 
 
 22. 5 
 
 74.3 
 
 Wi.9 
 
 71.0 
 
 70 
 
 13.7 
 
 12. 1 
 
 11.7 
 
 12.1 
 
 04.7 
 
 00 
 
 04. 3 
 
 59.7 
 
 00.9 
 
 1)1.0 
 
 01 
 
 52.8 
 
 (i J. 4 
 
 CO. 6 
 
 78.7 
 
 75 
 
 114. 1 
 
 115.0 
 
 11.-). 2 
 
 111.2 
 
 9(i. 4 
 
 03.4 
 
 94 
 
 93.0 
 
 4.^), 3 
 
 47.8 
 
 Jl.O 
 
 43.8 
 
 42 
 
 45. 8 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 71.7 
 
 00. 5 
 
 70.0 
 
 09, 5 
 
 til.ti 
 
 05. 2 
 
 01.9 
 
 65. (i 
 
 21.7 
 
 21.2 
 
 18.8 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 , 20.7 
 
 19.8 
 
 19.8 
 
 2.''). 
 
 24 
 
 22.4 
 
 22. 
 
 I'i. 5 
 
 12. 7 
 
 14.9 
 
 15.3 
 
 1 .-.. 8 
 
 1 17.8 
 
 10.8 
 
 17.3 
 
 38.4 
 
 ; 37. 7 
 
 42.4 
 
 45.8 
 
 44.8 
 
 1 39. 
 
 38.4 
 
 37,6 
 
 1.7 
 
 7.7 
 4,7 
 4 
 4,7 
 
 7 
 
 3,7 
 3.3 
 4 
 
(ESCRIPT 
 
 Molossu 
 
 [>eeu hert 
 
 ?he subjt 
 
 lars, and < 
 
 Irii Oalit'o 
 
 lie ledge 
 
 )ecenibe 
 
 le of the 
 
 lack and 
 
 |ou. All 
 
 Mr. Hei 
 
 laliforuia 
 
 pus bat, 
 
 nftly by 
 
 The prt 
 
 maybe 
 
 Typo Nc 
 Cali 
 
 Dental , 
 
 )lar mil 
 
 )lai, on 
 
 )lar. F 
 
 Is bifid i 
 
 let cusp 
 
 [Muzzle 
 
 jntofup 
 
 Ithout v< 
 
 Jheye; 
 
 Ears vei 
 
 iiizzle. 1 
 
 ill vex or 
 
 |adrate, 
 
 Jtangult 
 
lESCRlPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MOLOSSUS FROM CALIFORNIA 
 
 (M0L08SUS CALlFORNICrS). 
 
 By Dr. C. Haut Meiikiam. 
 
 Molosstis is a tropical American genus of bats, no species of wliicli has 
 |>eeu heretofore recorded from the United States, so far as I am aware. 
 Dne subject of the present description is a huge animal, with immense 
 lars, and of sooty-brown color. It was captured at Albainbra, in south- 
 |rn California, by Mr. E. C. Thurber, who writes me that it was found on 
 le ledge over a door. Two others were caught during the same month 
 )ecember, 1889), and both in similar situations. 3Ir. Thurber says of 
 le of them : " It was hanging from the ledge of a window, swinging 
 ick and forth and knocking against the window as if to attract attcu- 
 |on. All were caught about 8 or 9 o'clock in the evening." 
 
 Mr. Henry W. Ileushaw tells me that when encami)ed in southern 
 lalifornia several years ago, he saw and tried in v.iin to shoot, an enor- 
 mous bat, much larger than any he had previously seen, which passed 
 riftly by in the light of the camp lire. 
 
 The present species is closely related to ^[oIossus perotis ol' IJrazil. 
 maybe known from the following description: 
 
 MOLOSSUS CALIFORNICUS sp. nov. 
 
 TypoNo. 57:{6 $ .atl. Mc-riaiii collection. From Alhaiuhra, Loh Augoles County, 
 California, December 14, 1889. Collected by E. C. Thurber. 
 
 \ Dental formula. — Inc., l~^; c, Jl^; pm., ^J^; m., ?, ;|=3(). First upper 
 )lar minute, and wedged in angle between canine and sei!o?id pre- 
 )lar, on the outer side. Second premolar large; higher than first 
 )lar. First lower premolar nearly as large as second. Lower incis- 
 es bifid and crowded. Lower canines with ciiiguhun forming a dis- 
 ict cusp on inner side. 
 
 [Muzzle very obliquely truncated, as in .1/. peroth, projecting 11""" in 
 jntof upper incisorsand deeply notclied between nostrils. Lips smooth, 
 [thout vertical ^vrinkles; a prominent glandular swelling in front of 
 3h eye; side of head immediately above and behind eye concave. 
 5ars very large, their bases united in front, rqjectin'g slightly beyond 
 mn/./.le. Far conch broadly convex anteriorly and posteriorly, slightly 
 OBiivex »»i} top, keel large and heavy, llattenod externally. Tragus 
 adrate, higher than broad. Antitragus twice as long as high, .<early 
 jtangular, iughest a little behind middle, and .separated posteriorly 
 
 :n 
 
32 
 
 NOUTH AMKUICAN FAUNA. 
 
 [No. 4. 
 
 from coii(!li by ii «k'oj) noU'.h. Inside of ear (touch (facing: outward) 
 haired in tlie form of a liorseslioe, the hairs beginning on the superior 
 margin of the keel about opposite angle of mouth and extending ante- 
 riorly the full length of the keel, thence curving upward (leaving u 
 naked crescentic triangle in front) and reaching the upper border of the 
 couch at the liighest point anteriorly (on plane of nostrils) and thence, 
 curving backward, forming a narrow fringe along the margin of the 
 highest part of the conch and extending backward to a point opposite 
 the angle of the moutli. The folds of the ear over the no^e are densely 
 haired on both surfaces, the hairs projecting forward over the nostrils. 
 The anterior margin of the conch is reliexed and bare in Irout from the 
 l)lane of the kiel to tlie antero-snperior rounded angle. 
 
 Upper suifaceof wing mend»rane with a line of hair along the poste- 
 rior margin of distal three-fourths of fore-arm, expanding in the apex of 
 angles between tiie fore arm and fifth metacarpal, and fifth and fourth 
 metacarpals, but not invading the narrow space between the fourth and 
 third metacarpals. There is a small, scant-haired strip immediately be- 
 hind the metacarpo-phalangeal articulation of the third digit. Ante- 
 brachial membrane naked in front of humerus, but haired in front of 
 forearm, except at bottom of angle. No gular sac (may be present in 
 male). Wings from junction of middle and distal third of tibia. Color 
 sooty-brown, palest below, bases of hairs everywhere pale drab gray. 
 
 MeasuremcniH of tjiiw .^j[)t(imen. 
 
 Head and body 102 
 
 Tail 60 
 
 Free part of tail 
 Head 
 
 13 
 42 
 
 Heif^bt of ear (Iroiii line of attaebnieut above eye) 24 
 
 Length of ear (antiTo-posterior) ;}t) 
 
 Tragus, beigbt from anterior liaye 4 
 
 Tragus, breadtii at to\» 2. 5 
 
 Length of aniitragal lobe 11 
 
 Hunierns 41 
 
 Fore-arm 73 
 
 Longest finger l;{() • 
 
 Thumb 9 
 
 letaearpal 72 
 
 Istph 
 
 Tliird finger ' . 
 
 Fourth finger ' , , , 
 " 1 "id nh 
 
 :$i 
 
 ^ 2di.h 28.5 
 
 ^^ eartilaginouH elaw 8 
 
 ( nictaearpal 70 
 
 ! 1st lib 2(5 
 
 Fifth! 
 
 I (artilaginoiKselaw (i 
 
 f metaearpal ;58 
 
 ! Iwt ph 22 
 
 hnger ^ ., i i 
 
 " ] 2d pb (5 
 
 ' [ carl ilagi nous elaw 5 
 
 Tibia 22.5 
 
 Hiud foot 17 
 
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PRAIUIK DOG FROM WYOMING. 
 
 By Br. C. IIaut Meuuiam. 
 
 CYNOMYiS LEUCUKUS sp. nov. 
 
 Type No. f^i'^ 9 ail. Moiriam eollecf ion. From Fort lJri(lt,'(;r, Wyotniiig, Sop. 
 tL'UilH;r 1.'), 18CH. Collected by Venioii 15iiilcy. (Original number, 224.) 
 
 Measurements (taken in tlesb).— Totiil length, 3o5; tail vertebno, 53; 
 peijcil, 21 (worn — much longer in other .speciiueus); hind foot, 58; ear 
 lioin crown, 3 (in dry skin). 
 
 General characters. -Similar in size ami general apiiearance to C. yun- 
 kisoni, of IJaird, but readily distinguished from the latter by the color 
 of the tail and by cranial characters. 
 
 Color (of type which has nearly completed the ciiange from summer 
 to fall pelage). — Upper i)arts from nose to basal half of tail grizzled gray- 
 ish buff, much mixed with black over the posterior part of back and 
 rum[) ; a broad, blackish patch over each eye, and a larger patch, griz- 
 zled with buffy, on each cheek below the eye ; thighs bulf, not mixed 
 with black ; under parts generally soiled buily white, deepest at base 
 of tail ; throat and under side of face whitish. Tail, basal half con- 
 color with u[)i)er and lower surfaces of body respectively ; terminal half 
 v.hitish all round without trace of dark bar. Specimens in summer pe- 
 l.ige are uniformly butly'or grayish yellow above, the black hairs being 
 scarce and not noticeable, except on close examination. One specimen 
 is almost brick red above, which may be due to staining from the soil. 
 
 Specimens of Gynomns kucurus in summer i)elage average lighter in 
 coloration than C. (jKiniisoni, and in fall pelage there is more black on 
 the back. But the principal and most coMs[)icuous ditference is in the 
 coloratioii of the tail, which in <ii(iinisoin is concolor with the body, has 
 a submarginal and subteiininal black band, the ti[>s of the hairs only 
 being white; while in Iciunirus tiie black band is absent and the termi- 
 nal half or two-thirds of the tail is wiiite. Moreover, the tail is shorter 
 in leufurus than in tjuiniimnL 
 
 Professor Baird pointed out the striking (inference in tiie tail of this 
 species as compared with that of <juiuii.s(nii, hut having only two speci- 
 mens of the present form ami one of <juiumoni he did not separate them. 
 5514 — No. 4 3 3:5 
 
84 
 
 NOUTH AMKKIC'AN FAUNA. 
 
 [t',o i. 
 
 mr 
 
 
 .-A, 
 
 Cranial charaetcr.s.—Thii skull of C. leucitrits agrees in tlio main with 
 that of C. guiniisoni ius coiitin.sti.l witli C. ludovicianm, luitilitt'era from 
 guHinmni in the following particiiliirs: The occiput (viewed from behind) 
 is broader and flatter, and the mastoids are larger, Hatter, and moni 
 comi)letely in the occii)ital plane ; the audital bulhe are larger and the 
 meatus is less produced laterally, the nasals end more anteriorly com- 
 pared with the nasal brau'-hes of the premaxi Maries ; the greatest 
 breadth .cross the nasal branches of the premaxillaries equals or ex- 
 ceeds the interorbital breadth ; the sintero-inferior angle of the zygoma- 
 tic arch is thickened so as to form a small triangular plate (instead of 
 being rounded oft' as in gunnisoni). 
 
 The cranial ditterences which separate Cynomys Icuvurm from C. Indo- 
 ricianus are numerous and marked, as may be seen by consulting the 
 following table, iu which the differential characters are arranged an- 
 tithetically: 
 
 Cynomys lodoviciant's. | Cvnomys lkucurus. 
 
 Aitdital bulhv. 
 
 Moderate; constricted below meatus; Much iiitluted; uot constricted below 
 meatus small. | meatus; meatus largo. 
 
 Greatest breadth across audital bulhv equals distance from anterior Up of foramen maij- 
 
 nnm to — 
 
 Second molar (fourth molariform tooth), j First molar (third molaritbrm tooth). 
 
 Basi-occipilal (on median line). 
 
 Longer than broad. | As broad as long. 
 
 Plane of oecijmt (viewed from behind). 
 
 Arched, with mastoid portion small and 
 anterior to plane of ox-occipitals. 
 
 Depressed, with mastoid portion large 
 and on same piano with oxoccipi- 
 tals. 
 
 As broad as long. 
 
 Frontal shield. 
 
 I Much longer thiui broad. 
 Interorbital breadth. 
 
 Almost t(|ual to distance from postorbital One-third narrower than distance from 
 
 process to fronto-nuisillary suture. 
 
 postorbital process to frontouiax- 
 illary suture. 
 
 Napalx ending imsleriorhj. 
 
 About on line with nasal branch of pre- : Anterior to nasal branch of proiuaxillarv. 
 maxillary. j ' 
 
 Nasal branch of premaxillari;. 
 
 Ending about on line with fronto-max- j Ending considerably posterior to froi 
 illury suture. Ayidcst at anterior | maxillary suture. Of uniform wi 
 
 throughout. 
 
 edge Qi zygoinajiic process of maX'. 
 illarv. — ' . - 
 
 iitii- 
 idilil 
 
of foramen mag- 
 
 rilbiiu tuotb). 
 
 Oci,l80u.) DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PUAIUIE DOG. 86 
 
 CVNOMYS LUDOVICIANIJS. | CYNOMYS LKUCIIKUS. 
 
 Grcaleat breadth aiross itremaxillarien. 
 
 Much IcHH than iiiterorhitul hroatUh. 
 
 E(|iiiil to or ^roiiter tliiiii iiitcrurbital 
 breatlMi. 
 
 Zjlijomativ anh with itnkro-infcrior (ingle. 
 
 Shiirp, rtiid thickened to form a heavy Hut ulij^litly thickened, 
 tiiaugului' plute. 
 
 Coronoid proriHH of matidihlv. 
 
 Short, thick, and only slij^litly recurved. Lon<;er, more Hlender, and more strongly 
 
 recurved. 
 
 Uinter iHohtr Hericf, 
 
 Morn than twice as far apart anteriorly 1 Not more than twice as far apart ante- 
 aa posterioily. | riorly as posteriorly. 
 
 Last lower molar. 
 
 Much longer than broad, with posterior [ About as broad as long, with posterior 
 ousp produced. I cusp shortly rounded ofl". 
 
 ih of premaxillary, 
 
r»* 
 
 DEsruii 
 
 In 1833 
 species of 
 ibrnia whi 
 specimens 
 tiiat they 
 of Mexico 
 in southei 
 northeast 
 Tliis nnce 
 been a ms 
 cies in qu 
 wiiich Bei 
 tix the ty] 
 tliu main 
 Texas. I 
 been thus 
 nicott, fro 
 (North A 
 spilosoma 
 species a 
 acquisitic 
 due entir 
 Ornitholc 
 National 
 collection 
 years ago 
 Departmi 
 .skins, ac( 
 
 The ne 
 the follov 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OP TII1{RK NKW (IKOIINI) SQUIHRELS OF THE 
 SPEKMOPHIUS SIMLOSO.MA (IIIOIH'. 
 
 By Dr. (). IIaut Merriam. 
 
 In 1833 E. T. Bennett * published descriptions of a number of now 
 species of mammals said to have been obtained in " that part of Cali- 
 fornia which adjoins to Mexico." The exact hxiality from which these 
 specimens came has always been in doubt. It has been long known 
 tiiat they did not come from any i)art of California, but from son)e i)art 
 of Mexico. Prof. Baird supposed the locality to have been somewhere 
 in southeastern Sonora, while Bachman believed it to have been, in 
 northeastern Sonora, or even Chihuahua east of tlic Sierra Madre. 
 This uncertainty as to the type locality of so mftny species has always 
 been a matter of ainioyance to those who have had to do with the sjjc- 
 cies in question. Among these species is a small spotted spermophile 
 which Bennett named Spcnnophilns spilosoma. I shall not attempt to 
 lix the type of this species, but assume for the present that it agrees in 
 the main with specimens from northern IMexico and extreme western 
 Texas. Regarding it as a central type, the related species which have 
 been thus far described are the following: Spermophilus obsolctus Ken- 
 nicott, from western Nebraska, and three forms described by the writer 
 (North American Fauna, No. 3, pp. 55-58), namely, IS. cryptospi lotus, S. 
 spilosoma pratensu, and S. spUoHoma ohsidimms. To these, one additional 
 species and two subspecies are here added, making eight in all. The 
 acquisition of the nmterial on which all of the six new forms are based is 
 due entirely to the biological explorations conducted by the Divisioii of 
 Ornithology and Alammalogy of the Department of Agriculture. The 
 National Museum contains, outside of the Department of Agriculture 
 collection, but two skins of the spUosoina group (collected nearly forty 
 years ago by the Mexican Boundary Survey), and five of ohsoletus. Tlie 
 Department of Agriculture series now numbers nearly sixty excellent 
 skins, accompanied in each case by the skull. 
 
 The new forms may be distinguished i'rom those :M'eviously known by 
 the following descriptions : 
 
 •Proceedings of tlio Zoolof^ic'il Society of Londdii, 18:!:!, 10-11. 
 
.*i8 
 
 ■| 
 
 NOKTll AMKIIICAN I'AUNA. 
 
 HPKKMOIMlIIiCS CANKSCENS sp. iiov. 
 
 [No. 4. 
 
 Typo No. i',;iil ^ im. U. S, NaticHiiil Miihoiiim (Ihipftitment of Ajjricultnro col- 
 lectio])). From Wilcox, Cocliiso (.'oriity, Arizona, Novombor Ki, ISH<). Col- 
 leclcil by Vernon Hniley. (Orij^'fuil nnnib«)r, r»7(i.) 
 
 MeaHuremenU (taken in Hcsli).— Total length, IfiO; tall vertebra', 515 ; 
 pencil, 10 ; lilinl foot, 28 ; ear from crown, 2(in <lry skin). [Specimen not 
 full grown.] 
 
 General c/mrac^cr«.— Similar to SpernwphlluH HpiloHoma, bnt with 
 ground color drab-gray, without any,tingoof fulvous or rufous and with 
 the white spots tending to coalesce laterally into irregular wavy trans- 
 verse bars, which are so close together that the distance between 
 them is less than the width of the nnirkings. Basal third of tail cylin- 
 drical ; distal two thirds distichous. 
 
 Color. — Upper parts drab-gray, much obscured by hoary ; head and 
 face hoary; back everywhere covered with transversely elongated whit- 
 ish markings, which are much crowded and tend to run together later- 
 ally, forming transverse wavy bars, separated by narrower dark wavy 
 lines consisting of the dark tips of the hairs. Eyelids and under parts 
 white. Tail above, grizzled grayisU-drab, mixed with blackish on the 
 terminal third, and bordered with butty ; tail below, buft'y with asubmar- 
 gin'al blackish band. 
 
 m 
 
 SPERMOPHILUS SPILOSOMA MACROSPILOTUS aubsp. nov. 
 
 Type No. i;;/;-;!! 9 ad. U. S. National Miisonni (Department of Agriculture col- 
 lection). From Oracle, Pinal County, Arizona, .lune 11, 188l». Collecled by 
 Vernon Bailey. (Original number, 129. TeatH, f;.) 
 
 Measurements (taken in flesh).— Total length, 220; tail vertebra', 74; 
 pencil, 19; hind foot, 30; ear from crown, H (in dry skin). 
 
 General characters. — Size medium; ground color above russeth.azel ; 
 dorsal spots large, distinct, and far apart. 
 
 Color. — Ground color above, russet-brown, slightly paler over the nose ; 
 top of head and neck mixed with light-tipped hairs; dorsal spots very 
 large, distinct, distant, roundish in outline, and indistinctly bordered 
 posteriorly with dusky ; under parts whitish. Tail above, proximal 
 half coucolor with back ; distal half mixed butty and black with a butty 
 border. Tail below, pale ochraceous butt' with a partly concealed sub 
 marginal black band. 
 
 General remarks.— Tha above description applies in every particular 
 to three adult specimens from Oracle. The young ditt'er in being 
 brighter colored and in having the dorsal spots smaller, less spaced, 
 sind not so round. 
 
(No. 4. 
 
 Oct., 18(10. 1 
 
 tiii{i;k ni:\v sn;i:M.')i'iiiLKs. 
 
 30 
 
 Kriciiltiiro col- 
 «!, ISHl). Col- 
 
 ertebru', 55 ; 
 pecinien not 
 
 ff, but with 
 JU8 and with 
 
 wiivy trans 
 ICC between 
 
 f tail cylin- 
 
 y ; bead an«l 
 ngated wbit- 
 gether later- 
 [• dark wavy 
 under pait8 
 ckisli on the 
 tb asubmar- 
 
 aubsp. nov. 
 
 Lgriculttire col- 
 . Collected by 
 
 rertebrfjp, 74; 
 
 ruascthazel ; 
 
 >ver the nose; 
 il spots very 
 itly bordered 
 ve, proximal 
 with a butty 
 )ncealed sub 
 
 SPKIIMOIMMLUH HIMLOHOMA MA.IOU subsp. nov. 
 
 Typo No. },]\\\; 9 ml. U. S. Xiitioiial Mimciim (ncjifii timnf, of Afjiiciiltiire coll»>(<. 
 tioii). Kriim AUmqucniuo, New Mexico, July '^i, \'*S'J. ColU'cftMl l>y Vcnioii 
 Baihiy. (Original iminlicr, anifi. 'IVatH, >;.) 
 
 MeaHuremcniH (titk€Mi in lleali).— Total h'nfjth, 234; tail vertobiw, 80; 
 pencil, 18; hind foot, 35; car from crown, 3 (in dry skin). 
 
 Oeueral characters,— Tim is tlic largest nuMnber of the group thus far 
 discovered, and its color is ditt'crent from any of the others, being inter- 
 mediate between spilosoma and nbsoletun. 
 
 Color. — Ground color above broccoli brown, tinged with pale fidvons 
 over the nose. Spots indistinct and ill defined, bordered posteriorly 
 with dusky; moat numerous over the rump. TTnder parts white. Tail 
 above, proximal half pale reddish-brown, distal half butfy brown with 
 a Hubmarginal black band, bordered with i)ale butt'; tail l)elow, butiy 
 with a partly concealed submarginal black band. 
 
 General rem a rl'n. — A series of a dozen specimens of this subspe(!ies, 
 collected at Albiuiuercpie in July, 188!), by Mr. IJailey, shows the changes 
 resulting from difference's in age and in the wear of the pelage. In the 
 young the upper parts are pale vinaceous cinnamon, the dorsal spots 
 are much more distinct, and both sides of the tail more reddish-brown 
 than in the adults. Adults in worn pelage have the tail ])ule cinnamon- 
 rufous, and>the upper parts faintly tinged with reddish-brown — exposed 
 by the wearing away of the light tips of the hairs. 
 
 In color and markings, kSpermophihis spilosouia major is intermediate 
 l)etween S. spilosoma and S. ohsotetns, though it lacks the coal-black 
 edgings to the indistinct spots of tlu^ latter, and is larger than eith •. 
 
 ry particular 
 
 fer in being 
 
 less spaced. 
 

 
 » • 
 
 
 
 DKSCUIPT 
 Tl 
 
 • 
 
 In Norl 
 
 
 the kiiiiKi 
 
 
 ivoni J)ipi 
 
 
 the exter 
 
 
 those lu'h 
 
 
 to name 
 
 
 moHt exti 
 
 
 to my not 
 
 
 I'aso, Tej 
 
 • 
 
 without r 
 
 
 sary to di 
 
 • 
 
 that a na 
 
 * 
 
 the same 
 
 
 iiiero indi 
 
 
 ;,'all {Iiis.s 
 
 
 trary to t 
 
 
 hundred 
 
 
 ation, eit 
 
 
 l)elled to 
 
 
 rats for t 
 
 . 
 
 iodofatig 
 
 
 "■it was 
 
 
 the presen 
 
 
 illnstratioi 
 
 
 i I am a^ 
 
 
 llie Prescn 
 
 
 Zool. Soc. 
 
 
 of the hall 
 
 
 c ording to 
 
 
 digit, and 
 
 
 old feiiialo 
 
 
 tiona occui 
 
 
 in the seve 
 
 
 group. 
 
 
 , -_.:;■ 
 
DESCUIPTIOXS OF TIlUKI'l NKW KANOAUOI) HATS. WITH IlKMAItKS ON 
 THK IDENTITY OE DIl'ODOMVS OliDIl OF WOODIIOIISK.* 
 
 By Dr. (J. IIaut MerriaM. 
 
 In North Amoricaii Fjuina, No. .3, I proposed tlio Renus Dipodnpn for 
 the kangaroo rats liaviiig flvo toes on the hind feet, as dJNtingiiished 
 Irom Dipodomifs proper, which lias but four toes.t In several instances 
 the external resemblances between species belonging to one genus and 
 those belonging to th*' other are so ex(!eedingly close that it is unsafe 
 to name museum specimens without actually counting the toes. The 
 most extraordinary and perplexing instance of this kind which hasc<mui 
 to my notice is tliat of two species inhabiting the same localities at Kl 
 Paso, Tex. They are so much alike in si/e, color, and proportions, that, 
 without reference to the number of toes, the closest scrutiny is neces- 
 sary to discriminate between them. In fact, the differences are so slight 
 that a n.aturalist of note has suggested to me that they might be one and 
 the same species, the presence or absence of the useless digit being a 
 mere individual variation, as is known to be the case in the kittiwake 
 },'ull {Rma tridavtyla). The jiossibility of such a parallel was so con 
 trary to the results of my study of the group (having examined several 
 hundred specimens without finding a single instance of individual vari- 
 ation, either in the number or relative si/.e of the digits) that I felt im. 
 l)elled to make a particularly critical study of flie El Paso kangaroo 
 rats for the purpose of ascertaining the facts in the case. Owing to the 
 indefatigable zeal of the chief field naturalist of the Division, Mr. Vernon 
 
 ''It was my intention to piiblisli a revision of tbo Noitli American kangaroo rats in 
 tlie present nnml)er of Fauna, but unforeseen tlelajH, i>iuLieularly in secnriiij; proper 
 illustrations, have prevented. 
 
 i I am aware that Dohson has pul)]islied a special paper "On tlio Unimportance of 
 the rresence or Absence of (lie Hallux as a Gi'ueric Character in Maminaloyy '' (I'roe, 
 Zool. Soc. London, 1884, 402-40;i); but his argument was based wholly upon a study 
 of the hallux in the insectivorous hedgehogs {Krinawux), a group which presents, ac- 
 cording to his own statement, all intermediate conditions in the development of thi 
 digit, and in one species of which (7?. alhivcntriH) Dr. Doljson found an individual, an 
 old female, which had a hallux on the left foot but not on the right. No such varia- 
 tions occur in the genna Diimhpa ; in fact, the constancy in the length of tlie hallux 
 in the several species is remarkable, as will appear in my forthcoming paper on the 
 
 group. 
 
 41 
 
42 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 rNo.4. 
 
 Bailey, a series of sixteen beaiitifiilly prepared specimens was available, 
 including both sexes am', diiierent ages of both s'pecies, accompanied 
 by tables of measurements taktMi in tbe flesh. The results of this 
 study may be briefly stated : The two forms may be distinguished with- 
 out counting the toes, by external differences of color and proportions, 
 constant though slight, and by numerous cranial characters. (The lat- 
 ter fcre pointed out under the head of Dipodomys ambigims, where the 
 cranial characters of the two animals are contrasted in detail.) There- 
 fore, notwithstanding the close external resemblance of the two El Paso 
 kai)garoo rats, they really are not closely related at all, but belong to 
 distinct genera. Mr. Bailey, who collected the specimens, writes me that 
 he had no diflficulty in distinguishing them in the flesh, the> Dipodoptt be- 
 ing stouter and heavier than the Dipodomys, and having a thicker and 
 shorter tail. 
 
 Careful comparison of Woodhcuso's original description of D. ordii 
 from El Paso, Tex., w'^ li the present excellent series of both forms 
 from the same locality, has convinced me that D. ordii is the 5-toed ani- 
 mal (a Dipodops) leaving the 4-toed (a Dipodomys) to be described. The 
 latter is here named Dipodomys ambiguus, and Dipodops ordii is rede- 
 scribed from abundant material accompanied by trustworthy measure- 
 ments taken in the flesh. 
 
 DIPODOMYS AMBIGUUS sp.nov. 
 
 TypcNo. i'iliil i ad. U.S. Niitioiiiil Muscuin (Department of Agriculture coliec- 
 tion). From El Paso, Tsx.'»'*, December 13, 1889. Collected by Vernon Bailey. 
 (Original number, 782.) 
 
 Measurements {iixXif^n in flesh). — Total length, 233; tail vertebrie, 133; 
 pencil, 32; hind foot, 37; ear froiii crown, 7 ; from awterior root- 12 (in 
 uryskin). 
 
 General characters. — Hind toes, 4: size rather small for a true Dipo- 
 domys. Terminal third of tail crested-pouicillate. Closely resembles 
 Dipodops ordii, froui tfie same locality, but is more slender and the color 
 of its upper parts is butty-drab instead of deep ochraceous-bntt". 
 
 CoZor.— Upper parts butty-drab, brightest on the sides, where it is 
 fiiintly tinged with pale ochraceous-buff, and everywhere mixed with 
 black tipped hairs, which are most conspicuous on the rump. Upper 
 tail-stripe dusky from basal ring to extreme tip, the bases of the hairs 
 white; lower tail-stripe dusky, and when unworn reaching the dusky 
 tip, leaving a white stripe on each side which ends about op])osite the 
 end of the vertebra\ 
 
 Cranial c/mmcfers.— Compared with Dipodops ordii the skull of />//>o- 
 domys amhigit us is hroAder interorbitally ; the length of the nasals is 
 about equal to the interorbital brea«lth at plane of lachrymals ; the ex- 
 panded orbital bridge of the maxillary ends postero-latcrally in a small 
 projecting lobule, with a concavity in front of it; the breadth of the 
 
[No. 4. 
 
 Orr.,189n.| 
 
 THREE NEW SPECIES OP DIPOIIOMYS. 
 
 ^M^ 
 
 as available, 
 iccoin[>auie<l 
 suits of this 
 uished witb- 
 proportions, 
 s. (The lat- 
 «, where the 
 ,ail.) There- 
 two El Paso 
 ut beloug to 
 rites me that 
 Diporfop* be- 
 , thicker and 
 
 1 of D. ordii 
 '. both forms 
 leo-toed aui- 
 icribed. The 
 rdii is rede- 
 hy measure- 
 
 icnlture coliec- 
 Voriiou Bailey, 
 
 irtebra.', 1-33; 
 ? root., 12 (in 
 
 a true Dipo- 
 ly resembles 
 ind the color 
 3-bi'.ff. 
 
 s, where it is 
 
 mixed witli 
 
 imp. Upper 
 
 of the hairs 
 
 g the dusky 
 
 opposite the 
 
 }kull of IHpo- 
 ,he uasals is 
 nals; theex- 
 llyiii a small 
 readth of the 
 
 froutals posteriorly is about equal to the distance from the foramci^ 
 magnum to the incistve foi'amina, and is considerably greater tliaii the 
 distance from front of incisor to back of last ivmliir ; the postero-supe- 
 rior angle of the sqirimosal is sharply angubr ; the height of cranium 
 above symphysis of aadital bulla} is much less than the interorbital 
 breadth ac plane of lachrymals; the angular process of mandible is rel- 
 atively short and blunt; the breadth of the skull across the inflated 
 mastoids equals the distance from the anterior lipof the foramen magnum 
 to the posterior rim of alveolus of incisor ; the greatest breadth across 
 the zygomatic processes of the maxillaries equals the distancvt from 
 occipital condyle to front of in-jisive foramina. 
 
 Dipodomys amhiguus is c'oseiy related to D. merriami, recently de- 
 scribed by Dr. Mearns * bu: differs from it in having shorter ears and 
 tail and longer hind feet. Ttie thigh patch is very mu(!li smaller — hardly 
 a third as large as in D. merriami. Unfortunately, the skull of the 
 latter has been lost, so that no cranial comparisons can be made. The 
 examination of specimens from intermediate localities may result in re- 
 ducing amhiguus to subspecific rauk. 
 
 CRANIAL CHARACTKR8 OK Dipodomya ambiguun contrasted with tmosk of IHpodopa 
 
 ordii. 
 
 DiPODors onnn. i niroDoMTs AMiuarrus. 
 
 IineforhiUil breadth at frontu-parietal siiluir. 
 
 * 
 
 := Distance from front of incisor to bacii Mucii longer than distance from front of 
 
 of last molar. incisor to back of last molar. 
 
 — Distance from purietals to middle of Longer than distance from parietals to 
 
 nasals. middle of n.asals. 
 
 — *Di8t.ance from foramen magnnm to front Much longer than distance from foramen 
 
 of molar series. magnnm to front of molar series, 
 
 Considerably less tlian distance from for- Abonf eqnal to di^;tance from fora.neu 
 
 amen magnnm to incisive foramina. , magnnm to incisive foramina. 
 
 Less than distance from fronto-preniaxil- i Abont eqnal to distance from fronto-prt- 
 
 lary sntnre to interparietal. '■ maxillary sntnre to interparietal. 
 
 Breadth of orbital liridije of maxillary. 
 
 Mnch less than width of rostrnm across 
 widest part of premaxillaries. 
 
 Hrcadth of rostrnm across wiilest part 
 ((•'premaxillaries. 
 
 Expanded orbital bridge of maxillary. 
 
 Narrowly ronnded off postero-laterally, | Ending postero-laterally in a projecting 
 withont trace of ptojecting lobuh^ I lobnle. 
 
 I'ost-palatal noteh, 
 
 Rcadiing plane of interspace between sec j Harely re.-iching plane of middle of lust 
 ond an<l third molars. I molar. 
 
 • Hnll. Am. Mas. Nat. Hist., N. V., ii, 'ilUMJiU. Se|.arat.s issncd Eebrnary '21, 181)0. 
 
ItI'? 
 
 
 44 
 
 « 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 4. 
 
 Dii'oi>oi's oKPi I DironoMYS AMitianus. 
 
 Lvnijlh of iiumil honvn. 
 
 Much greater than inter-orbital bremltli | Equal to interorbital breadth at plane of 
 at plane of lacbrymals lachrymals. 
 
 Breadth of middle portion of huHi-ompitul. 
 
 About half, or lijss than half, its length. | Considerably more than half its length. 
 
 Tjimputtie mimnle terminating anteriorly. 
 
 On same plane with intlated mastoid, the ; In a blunt projection below the inflated 
 two together forming a nnifoimly | ' mastoid, the latter being concave or 
 rounded mass. t oniarginate immediately above it. 
 
 Broadly roundod. 
 
 roHiero-snperior angle of Hquamoaal. 
 \ Sharply angular. 
 Greatest verlieal depth of inflated mastoid, 
 = Longtii of nasals. ! Less than length of nasals. 
 
 Height of cranium ahorr si/mphysis of audital bullae 
 = Interorbital breadth. i Much h'.as than interorbital breadth. 
 
 Condylar process of mandible, 
 Twice as long as broad. \ Nearly as broad as long. 
 
 Angular process of mandible. 
 
 Very long and sharp (distance from tip to 
 tip nuich grealvr than distance from 
 condyle to tip of incisors). 
 
 Relative^ short and blnnt (distance from 
 tip to tip about equal to or slightly 
 exceeding distance from condyle to 
 tip of incisors). 
 
 Greatest breadth of cranium across inflated mastoids. 
 
 Exceeds distance from anterior lip of 
 foriinieii magnum to alveolus of in- 
 cisor. 
 
 Equals distance from anterior lip of fora- 
 men magnum to alveolus of incisor. 
 
 Greatest breadth across maxillarica. 
 
 Equals distance from occipital condyle to Equals distance from occipital condyle to 
 posterior border of incisive foniminn. anterior border of incisive foramina. 
 
(No. 4. 
 
 lUUS. 
 
 th at plane of 
 
 If its length. 
 
 v the inflated 
 iig concave or 
 y above it. 
 
 breadth. 
 
 [distance from 
 to or slightly 
 m condyle to 
 
 ibr lipof fora- 
 118 of incisor. 
 
 ital condyle to 
 ive foriiinina. 
 
 OcT.lSUO.] THREE NEW SPECIES OP DIPODOMYS. 45 
 
 Meaaurementa (taken in the fltah) o/ Dipodomya ambiyuuafrtm El Paso, I'lxaa. 
 
 NationHl Orig- 
 MiiHi'uiii inal 
 Ko. No. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 18143 
 2504! 
 1814S 
 23043 
 18147 
 25045 
 18139 
 25037 
 18146 
 25044 
 18148 
 25046 
 18140 
 2i5047 
 18144 
 25042 
 18140 
 25038 
 18136 
 25034 
 18138 
 25036 
 18137 
 25035 
 
 768 ElI'aso.Tcx. 
 775 — do 
 
 782 ....do 
 
 783 do 
 
 784 ! do 
 
 795 ....do 
 
 800 ....do 
 
 Date. 
 
 1889. I 
 Dec. 11 J 
 
 ' Total ' Tail 
 bru.'. 
 
 I 
 
 nind 
 
 foot. 
 
 lioiiiaiks. 
 
 Dec. 12 : (f 
 
 Dec. 13 (/ad. 
 
 Dec. 13 J ml 
 
 i Dec. 14 i 9 ill). 
 
 Dec. 14 ' </ 
 
 : Dec. 15 ^ad. 
 
 801 ....do j Dec. 15, ? 
 
 806 ...do Dec. 17 ' d 
 
 I 
 
 807 ....do... Dec. 17 d 
 
 818 do i Dec. 18^ $ iiii. 
 
 808 I. ...do I Dec. 17 ? iiu. 
 
 232 
 
 LMO 
 
 233 
 
 2'I5 
 
 240 
 
 2.")0 
 
 257 
 
 218 
 
 261 
 
 251 
 
 210 i 
 
 250 
 
 147 
 
 in 
 
 133 
 145 
 145 
 
 38 
 3'i 
 37 Typo. 
 
 ;!8 
 
 38 
 
 l.')4 37 
 153 30 
 
 152 
 151 
 150 
 111 
 
 38. 5 
 
 :io 
 
 .38. 5 
 39 
 
 140 38 
 
 DIPODOPS. OKDII Woodhoiise. 
 
 Duplicate type No. iUU 9 ad. I'. S. National Museum ( Doi>iutmeut of Ayricnlt- 
 ure collection). From E I Pa-so, Texas, December 11, ItitfJ. Collected by Vernon 
 Bailey. (Original number, 7G9.) 
 
 Measurements (taken in tlesb).— Total length, 240; tail vertebiii!, 134; 
 pencil, 30; hind foot, 38. Ear from crown, 7 ; from anterior base, 12 (in 
 dry skin). Length of hallux from heel, 20. 
 
 General characters. — Hind toes, 5; size, medium ; form, stoutand thick 
 set, with a thick tail ; tail, crested-penicillate on terminal third ; general 
 color, deep ochraceous-buff, brightest on the sides. 
 
 Color. — Upper parts from tip of nose to base of tail, and extending 
 down outer side of leg to heel, deep ochraceousbuff v.. "ing to ochra- 
 ceous, darkest on the back and brightest on the sides, v.ut conspicu- 
 ously mixed with black-tipped hairs except on the rump. Upper tail- 
 stripe dusky from basal ring to extreme til), the hairs white> at base; 
 under tail stripe dusky, sometimes reaching and sometimes failing 
 short of the dusky tip. Lateral tail-stripes white, reaching to or a little 
 beyond end of vertebra'. 
 
 Cranial characters. — Compared with Dipodomya amhigims from the 
 same locality (El Paso, Tex.), the jL>kull of l)ii)odoj)s ordii is narrower 
 
46 
 
 NOKTII AMKKIOAN FAUNA. 
 
 [No. 4. 
 
 iuterorbitally ; ♦lio leugtU of the nasals is coiisiaerably greater than the 
 interorbital breadth at plane of lachrymals; the expanded orbital 
 bridge of the maxillary is shortly rounded off postero- laterally ; the 
 breadth of the frontals posteriorly is considerably less than the dis- 
 tance from the foramen magnum to the incisive foramina, and about 
 equals the distance from front of incisor to back of last molar ; the 
 postero-superior angle of squamosal is broadly rounded; the height of 
 cranium above symphyses of audital bulhe equals interorbital breadth 
 at plane of lachrymals ; the angular process of nuindible is relatively 
 long and sharp. The cranial characters of Dqmdops ordii have been 
 contrasted with those of Bipodomys ambiguus uiuler the head of the lat- 
 ter animal. 
 
 Measurrmtnta (taken in thcjlcah) of IHpodops ordii, from El Paso, Texas. 
 
 National Orig- 
 
 Muaeum iiial 
 
 No. No. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 18142 
 25U40 
 18135 
 25033 
 18141 
 25(130 
 18160 
 25U48 
 18134 
 2503:i 
 
 1889. . 
 
 76;t El Paso, Tex Die. 10 ' d" 
 
 I I 
 
 769 ...do I Dec. 11 i $ 
 
 781 ...do Dfi;. i:i fad. 
 
 802 do I>fo. 16 cfjtiv. 
 
 764 ...do Doc. 10 rf 
 
 231 
 240 
 240 
 210 
 231 
 
 133 
 i;i4 
 138 
 120 
 131 
 
 38 
 38 
 37 
 38 
 38 
 
 i 
 
 DIPODOMYS SPECTABILIS sp. nov. 
 
 Type No. .];323S<^ '"'• U. H, National Mn.senm (Dopartineut of Agriculture col- 
 li'ctiou). From Dos Cabo/oM, (^ocliiso County, Arizona, November 22, 1889. 
 Collected by Vernon Bailey, (Original uuniber, (iiT).) 
 
 Measnremenffi (taken in tiesh). — Total length, 350 ; tail vertebra^, 211 ; 
 pencil, 30; hind foot, 52. Ear, from crown, 10 ; from anterior base, 10 
 (in dry skin). 
 
 General characters. — Largest of thegenos, equaling or even surpassing 
 J), deserti in size. Tail with hairs nearly twice as long as head and 
 body and very handsome, having a long terminal brush of pure white 
 surmounting a broad band of black ; hairs on proximal half of tail 
 short and appressed ; of terminal half, long and free ; at the same time 
 the tail is not distinctly crested above as in several other species. 
 
 Co/or.— Upper parts, from nose to root of tail, ochraceous-buff mixed 
 with bliick tipped hairs, brightest and purest on thii sides, palest on 
 the cheeks, and mi.xed with clay-color on the head. Hip patch ochra- 
 ceous, becoming dusky as it passes down the leg and dilating l)ehind 
 tU« auHlo 80 m tu form a large bluckish spot which leachei? the Ue ". 
 
[No. 4. 
 
 Oct., 18U().] 
 
 TIIKKE NEW SPECIES OF DIPODOMYS. 
 
 47 
 
 or than the 
 ilert orbital 
 erally; the 
 an the dis- 
 , and about 
 molar ; the 
 le height of 
 tal breadth 
 s relatively 
 li have been 
 d of the lat- 
 
 Texaa. 
 
 Tail I 
 
 verte- [ 
 bra;. . 
 
 133 
 134 
 138 
 120 
 131 
 
 Hind 
 foot. 
 
 38 
 38 
 37 
 38 
 38 
 
 Agriculture col- 
 embcr a2, IS69. 
 
 ertebrii',211; 
 erior base, 10 
 
 Bii surpassing 
 as head and 
 if pure white 
 il half of tail 
 the same time 
 
 species. 
 US-buff mixed 
 les, palest on 
 
 patch ochra- 
 lating behind 
 ihes the Ue '. 
 
 Supraorbital white spot obscured. Ui)per and lower tail stripes dusky, 
 meeting a little behind the middle and forming a broad black subtermiual 
 band (occupying about one-third the total length of the tall), beyond 
 which is a large terminal brush of pure white. The white side-stripes 
 disappear a little beyond the middle of the tail. 
 
 Cranial characters — Skull large and heavy for a IHpodonnjfi. Inflated 
 mastoids separated on top of the skull by about 3""", so that there is a 
 distinct interparietal, cuneate in shape. In D. dcaerti, the only species 
 approaching D. spectabilis in size, the mastoids meet immediately behind 
 the parietals, having at most an inconspicuous spicule between them. The 
 two species differ further in the maxillary bridge of the orbit, which is 
 fully a third broader in spectabilis than in dcscrti, and in the inter-or- 
 bital breadth of the frontal, which is much greater in the former. 1). 
 deserti has the flattest skull of any known member of the genus; in 7). 
 spectabilis it is higher and the mastoids are more rounded. In D. spec- 
 tabilis the antero-posterior diameter of the orbit just outside of the lach- 
 i/mal is equal to or less than the length of the fronto-n^axillary suture, 
 while in deserti it is much greater. In D. spectabilis the breadth of 
 cranium across inflated mastoids equals the distance from anterior lip 
 of foramen magnum to tips of upper incisor.s (falling far short of alveolus) 
 while in deserti the mastoid breadth equals distance from same point to 
 front of alveolus of upper incisor. In D. spectabilis the greatest breadth 
 across maxillaries equals distance from occipital condyle to front of in- 
 cisive foramina, in deserti to posterior border of same foramina. In 
 D. spectabilis the condylar process of the mandible is broader and bent 
 upward at a stronger angle than in deserti, and the transverselj' elon- 
 gated angular process is very much longer. 
 
 General remarks. — This elegant species presents the darkest tail and 
 richest coloration known in the genus, while its nearest relative (7). 
 deserti) is distinguished from all others by the pallor of its colors. In 
 some respects JJ. spectabilis resembles the typeof the genus ( />. phillipsi)y 
 hut it is very much larger and requires no (iomparison witli that specie.s. 
 1). spectabilis inhabits a wide range of <;onntry in the lower Sonoran 
 faunal province. The Department of Agriculture series consists of 
 thirty beautifully prepared skins and skulls (all collected by Mr. Bailey), 
 from the following localities : Oracle, Calabasas, and Dos Cabezos, Ariz.; 
 Demingand Albuquerque, New Mexico; Sierra Blanca, Tex.; and Mag- 
 (lalena, Sonora, Mexico. The largest specimens are from Albuquerque 
 and may merit subspecific separation. 
 
 The following table of measurements affords an index to the variation 
 in size in the several localities. 
 
48 
 
 NC RTH AMERICAN FAUNA. 
 
 Alcaaiirementa {taken in fienh) of thirty Hpecimvns of Dijtodomux 
 
 locnliticH. 
 
 fNo.4. 
 siieclnbilis from varioun 
 
 Nalluntill Oris- 
 Miixouiu iiioi 
 
 No. i No. 
 
 Locnllty. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Sex. 
 
 ! Total 
 louKtli. 
 
 fnSg ' CU : .. <lo Oct. 27 ? 
 
 2373:; 1 
 
 1C822 1 
 
 23733 I 
 
 16823 
 
 23734 
 
 1774.') 
 
 2468U 
 
 17746 
 
 24flS7 I 
 
 17747 I 
 
 24688 i 
 
 1 7748 
 
 24680 
 
 17749 
 
 2409U 
 
 17750 
 
 24691 
 
 177.51 
 
 24692 
 
 17752 
 
 24693 
 
 17753 ! 
 
 24604 ' 
 
 17754 
 
 24095 1 
 
 22052 i 
 
 17886 I 
 24823 
 
 17887 ' 
 2(824 
 1788 8 
 24823 
 17Sf9 
 24820 
 17820 
 24757 
 17821 
 24758 
 17131 
 21064 
 17133 
 24l<6li 
 l"i:i2 
 24065 
 18010 
 24930 
 ISOft) 
 24964 
 18GC6 
 24965 
 18067 
 24966 
 18002 
 2409U 
 18091 
 241)8J 
 18003 
 24991 
 
 I 1.S80. I 
 
 139 , (hade, Ariz -..J- mo 12 d' ad. 
 
 140 ....(Id I Jiinu i2 / iiii. 
 
 ! i 
 
 141 :....(li. Juno 12 9 ail. 
 
 i 1 
 
 605 I Culabaaa.s, Ariz : Oct. 26 J nd. 
 
 006 '....do I Oct. 26 V 
 
 010 '.-..do Oct. 27 J' ad. 
 
 012 
 014 
 615 
 616 
 
 ■ --do Oct. 28 9 
 
 I 
 .-•do Oct. 29 /ad, 
 
 -..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oit. 
 
 20 9 
 
 «1' ' -• do Oct. 29. ,rad. 
 
 618 ....do 
 
 010 |....do ... 
 
 605 Do.i Uabtzos, Ariz . 
 
 702 ....do 
 
 703 ....do 
 
 704 ....'lo 
 
 0;!0 Ma;;dali)iia, Mexico... 
 
 021 ....do 
 
 226 AilMHiiicnuif, N Mcx. 
 
 227 ....do 
 
 231) ...do 
 
 753 j Diiiiiiii^', N. Mc.\ 
 
 751 ....do 
 
 75.5 ...do 
 
 756 do 
 
 822 j ,Siciiii ni.iiKa, 'J'l'x. 
 
 819 .. ii.> 
 
 8.-.1 ...do 
 
 Oct. 20 j 9 
 
 Oct. 29 d" ad. 
 
 Nov. 22 I d" ad. 
 
 I 
 Nov. 23 ' 9 ini. 
 
 Nov. 23 9 
 
 I 
 Nov. 23 ' <j) 
 
 Nov. 2 ' 9 
 
 I 
 
 Nov. 2 ' ,/ ad, 
 ■lid.V 23 ,c ud. 
 .1 ul.v 23 ,f ad. 
 
 . duly 24 : 9 
 
 I 
 . Due. 5 9 ad. 
 
 I 
 
 ! Hl'C. 6 ,{ Ml. 
 
 Dec. 9 juv, 
 
 .1 Dec. C / juv. 
 
 ! Dec. 21 'y 
 
 ' Vi'v. 'J5 9 
 
 I Dec. 20 cf 
 
 i I 
 
 353 
 
 341 
 
 33U 
 
 325 
 
 313 
 
 325 
 
 315 
 
 325 
 
 310 
 
 330 
 
 325 
 
 333 
 
 335 
 320 
 350 
 
 331 
 
 335 
 350 
 320 
 320 
 3.5S 
 390 
 3.")0 
 3,50 
 345 
 220 
 218 
 3GS 
 333 
 204 
 
 Tail 
 
 Verio- 
 brn!. 
 
 Hind 
 
 foot. 
 
 IteniarkM. 
 
 200 
 202 
 103 
 187 
 170 
 
 52 
 61 
 47 
 50 
 40 
 
 190 44 
 
 184 
 
 104 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 195 
 
 198 
 
 204 
 102 
 211 
 
 190 
 194 
 200 
 183 
 187 
 220 
 230 
 215 
 200 
 203 
 123 
 120 
 217 
 106 
 160 I 
 
 48 
 
 45.6 
 
 S2 
 
 50 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 47 
 48 
 52 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 54 
 48 
 48 
 50 
 57 
 55 
 52 
 51 
 48 
 48 
 55 
 
 Tjpo. 
 
 National 
 
 MiiHcum I 
 
 No. 
 
 10617 
 L'3S43 
 16618 
 
 10610 
 23545 
 16620 
 23546 
 
 Oj 
 
(No. 4, 
 
 lis from varioun 
 
 '""•' ltcnmrk«. 
 luot. 
 
 47 I 
 
 48 i 
 
 51 
 51 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 50 
 
 57 
 
 55 
 52 
 .M 
 48 
 48 
 55 
 
 Type. 
 
 OCT., 1800] TIIUKK NKW SPKCIKS OF DII'ODOMYS. 
 
 DIPUDOMYS CALIFOJtNICUS sp. nov. 
 
 49 
 
 TyiioNo. iimj ^ lul. U. S. Natioiml Mnwiiiu (Diipiirttiioiit of AKriciiltiiio col- 
 lection). From Ukiali, Meiulocino County, Californiii, May 4, imJ. Collected 
 Ity The«i(lor« S. Paliiuir. (Ori^jjinal iiuiiilicr, m.) 
 
 Mensuremcntu (taken in Hesli).— Totiil l(Migtli,;{01!; tail vortcbms 183; 
 hindfoot, 43; pencil, 10. Ear, from crown, 9; Ironi anterior base, IG 
 (In dry skin). 
 
 General vhnractcm.-S'vm medium, about equaling JKafiiHs; ears 
 largo ; tail long, with a pure white pencil ; tail created penicillate, but 
 crest not conspicuous; color darker than in auy other known species of 
 the group. 
 
 Color. — Upper parts from nose to band across thigh sepia-brown, suf- 
 fused with pale ochraceous-butf, whicii is brightest on the sides. Thigh 
 patches large, becoming dusky in passing tlown the legs, and forming 
 a black spot behind and on the sides of the ankle. Eyelids black, 
 supraorbital white spot distinct; black mark at base of whiskers large 
 and distinct. Upper and lower tail stripes black, meeting a short dis- 
 tance in front of terminal pencil, which is pure white. 
 
 Cranial characters, — Top of skull considerably arched (relatively) ; 
 mastoids about 3""" apart ; interparietal not twice as loisg as broad ; 
 height of brain case above symphysis of audital bulhc considerably 
 greater than breadth of united frontais between lachrymals^ lachrymals 
 large ; expanded orbital biidge of maxillary broad ; interorbital breadth 
 at posterior border of-frontals equal to distance from inferior lip of fora- 
 men magnum to center of crown of pretnolp.r; breadth across inflated 
 mastoids equal to distance from occipital condyle to front of incisive 
 foramina; greatest breadth across zygomatic processes of maxillaries 
 equal to distance from occjipital notch to nasals; angular process of 
 mandible long and pcintetl. 
 
 AteunitiriiHiiln (tiiLiii hi Jliih) of liiiioiloniiin ealiforniciix. 
 
 Niiliiiiiiil 
 
 MiiHcum 
 
 No. 
 
 Oriti- 
 
 iiial 
 
 No. 
 
 1C017 
 
 •J354;i 
 
 !)2 
 
 16618 
 
 ma 
 
 4U 
 
 1661!) 
 23S45 
 
 47 
 
 16620 
 23546 
 
 :>i 
 
 hovulHy, Dnio. 
 
 1 ISPO. 
 Ukinh. Ciil AprirJS | } 
 
 ... (In Mmv \ 
 
 . do Miiy 1 
 
 do Mmv 7 
 
 ^-' 'Kill.' ^••■"• 
 
 bnc. . 
 
 Ililiil 
 locil. 
 
 Ivtimmks. 
 
 i 
 
 '.'87 
 
 170 
 
 11 
 
 
 f 
 
 :ki:' ' 
 
 i.«;i 
 
 4:! 
 
 T.viif, 
 
 f 
 
 205 
 
 . IH) 
 
 4t 
 
 
 ■J 
 
 ao,') ! 
 
 1 
 
 181 
 
 4» 
 
 
 5514— No. 4 4 
 
J,' 
 
 ■ 
 
 ' 
 
 .. f^' 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 ■ 
 
 • . 
 
 DESCRIPT 
 
 
 Numer( 
 
 
 of wester 
 
 
 sissippi "\ 
 
 
 full-grow 
 
 
 form will 
 
 
 Typo 1» 
 
 
 loc 
 
 
 5i7, 
 
 4 
 
 Measnr 
 
 
 liind foot 
 
 
 Color.- 
 
 
 (luaky. 
 beous bii 
 
 
 Crania 
 
 
 same size 
 
 
 oped ridg 
 
 
 a larger 
 
 posterioi 
 
 
 .r-^.-. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW I'OCKET (iOPHEII OK THE GENUS OEOMYS, 
 
 FROM WESTERN NEBRASKA. 
 
 P>y Dr. C. JlAiiT Meuriam. 
 
 Numerous specimens of pocket {gophers received from the sand bills 
 of western Nebraska diller from typictal Geomys burnariufi of tbe Mis- 
 sissippi Valley in paler coloration, and in never attaininjj tiie size of 
 fnll-grown individuals of the latter species. For the present the new 
 form will be treated as a subspecies as follows : 
 
 GEOMYS BURSARIUS LUTESCENS subsp. nov. 
 
 Typo No. ^Ull 9 ad. U. S. National Muhciiiii (Department of Agriculture col- 
 lection). From Sand Hills, Hinhvood Croek, Lincoln County, Nebraska, May 
 27, 1889. Collected -by A. H. Haker. ^ 
 
 Measurements {taken in flesh).— Total length 265; tail vertebrae 86 ; 
 hind foot 33. . 
 
 Color. — Upper parts uniform buffy-clay color except tbe nose, which is 
 dusky. Under parts similar to the upper, but paler, and with the plum- 
 beous basal fur showing through. 
 
 Cranial characters. — Comi)an!d with skulls of Geomys hnrsarms of the 
 same size, G. Imrsarius lutescens is heavier, with more strongly devel- 
 oped ridges and processes. The i n Hatc<l mastoids are larger, occupying 
 a larger part of the occipital plane of the skull, and bulging further 
 posteriorly. Tbe audital bullfe also are somewhat larger. 
 
 51 
 
 ! 
 
 
 M"«i v'LS*«j« 4 'u 
 
 V r M o r." OT ft 
 
 i 
 
 ,<^/%.<V*. ■ 
 
 ,<S.*»^^'-~''^*''"* 
 
 *-„^v'S.'V''V' 
 
 •tirf-VW*^^ 
 
DESCRIP' 
 
 111 tho 
 vision o 
 Florida i 
 luaKs iiiid 
 l)rought 
 wliito-foc 
 tropical j 
 Two wer 
 Hide of tl 
 cut the 8i 
 scrub wl 
 The new 
 
 H; 
 
 Type I 
 
 Gr 
 
 Measu) 
 liiud fool 
 skin). 
 
 Genera 
 to heel, 
 showing 
 lonj? and 
 
 Color.- 
 iiiixedwi 
 dorsal ar 
 creamy-v 
 color, slii 
 
 -Bull. 
 
DESCRIPTION OP A M\\ SI'KCIKS OF IIKSPKIiOMYS 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 FROM SOUTIIHRX 
 
 By Dr. C. Hart Meruiam. 
 
 hi the spring of 1889, Mr. Morri.s M. (Ircen, an assistant in the Di- 
 vision of Ornithology and Mammalogy, was sent to sontheastern 
 Florida for the purpose of studying its fauna and collecting the mam- 
 mals and birds of the region. Among other specimens of interest he 
 brought back a dozen skins and skulls of a large and highly-colored 
 white-footed mouse, which has not been described. It belongs to a sub- 
 tropical group, and is closely related to llesperomyfiporielanm Chapman.* 
 Two were captured at Canaveral and ten at Lake Worth (on the east 
 side of the lake). Mr. (Ireon states that " they burrow in the sand and 
 cat the seeds of scrubpalmettoes, but nre most common in parts of the 
 scrub where there -are few scrubpalmettoes and many scrub-oaks." 
 The new species may be known from the following description : 
 
 llESPEROMYS MACROPUS sp. nov. 
 
 (Pliito in, teeth.) 
 
 Type No. ili^Jip, ^ .'i<l. U. S. Niitioii.-il MiiHoiim (De])artiiient of AKriciiltnre col- 
 lection). From Liiko Worth, I'lorida, May 5, iHf^'J. Collected by Morris M. 
 Green. (Original iminlicr, 72.) 
 
 MeasuremeniH {tiiki'n \\\ llesli). — Total lengtli 20.'?; tail vertebrae 90; 
 liiud foot 29; pencil 2. Kar from crown 17; from notch 21 (in dry 
 skin). 
 
 General characters. — Siz*' l;irge ; hind feet very long. Soles naked 
 to heel. Ears large and broad ; tail of mediuni length, nearly naked, 
 showing the annuli distinctly; a distinct pectoral spot; whisl^ers very 
 long and stiff. 
 
 Color. — Upper parts bnffy-ochracoons, briglitost on the sides, and 
 mixed with black-tipped hairs along thoback, forminga distinctly darker 
 dorsal area. Under parts, including sides of nose in front of whiskers, 
 creamy-white, with a distinct ochraceous spot on the breast. Tail con- 
 color, slightly paler below than above. 
 
 "Bull. Am. Mas. Nat. HiHt., N. Y., 11, :?, 117. Sepiirates iflsiied Jnuo 7, 1H89. 
 
 M 
 
54 
 
 NORTH AMEllICAN FAUNA. 
 
 fKo.4. 
 
 
 Cranial characters.— HkiiU very largo ami lonp; (basilar length from 
 occipital condyle to front of prcmaxlllary 27.5; greatest length .'iO.5; 
 length of molar Herios of teeth 4.2 ; interorbital breaiUh 4.«), itn mizc 
 alone being Hutticient to (liHtinguish it from any other npecies inhabit 
 ing the United StatcH, not excepting H. cali/ornicUH. The brain case 
 iH moderately arched above, and there in an indintinct nnpraorbital bead, 
 which is continned posteriorly as a slight ridge along the parieto-squa- 
 uiosal sutnre. The rostral portion of the skull is long ; the nasals long^ 
 narrow posteriorly, and extending backward considerably beyond the 
 nasal branches of the premaxillaries. The incisive foramina reach the 
 plane of the first molar; the palatal notch does not reach plane of last 
 molar ; the palatine foramina are situated opposite the second molar in- 
 stead of on the plane of the interspace between the first and second. The 
 zygomatic arches are very slender, broadest posteriorly, and dip down 
 to the plane of the palate; in the dry skulls they curve in a little just 
 in frf nt of the widest part. The interparietal is narrower anteropos- 
 terioily than In 11, lexwopun or H. goHsypinus. 
 
 Qentral remarks. — Hesperomys maeropus requires comparison with bnt 
 one species. If. Jloridanus. It ditJers from Jtoridanus in color and in 
 having larger ears (21 instead of 17.5 from notch), much longer hind 
 feet (29 instead of 24), and larger and stiffer whiskers. No cranial com- 
 parisons can be made with H. floridanus, because the skull of the latter 
 was not preserved. 
 
 I am indebted to Dr. J. A. Allen, curator of mammals and birds in the 
 American Museum of Natural History, for the loan of the type speci- 
 men of Hesperomys Jtoridanus for comparison with the present species. 
 
fNo.4. 
 
 length Iroiii 
 Riigtli 30.5; 
 
 [Ai), itM MIZC 
 
 ies inhabit 
 brain caH«> 
 jrbitnl bead, 
 larieto-Hqua- 
 nasalH loiig^ 
 beyond the 
 iia reach the 
 [ihino of last 
 nd molar in- 
 second. Tlie 
 ud dip down 
 a little just 
 • antero-pos- 
 
 son with but 
 color and in 
 longer hind 
 cranial coui- 
 [ of the latter 
 
 I birds in the 
 e type speci- 
 sseut species. 
 
 INDKX. 
 
 ('alitbrninn Tit'iMinokftl Moiioc, L'O. 
 
 ColdbotiH (HullUtUIIH), IK. 
 
 CoiM'iialiiH, 2. 
 CyiioiiiyH uiiiiniHoiii, :in, n4, 
 iciK^iiruH, :i.'i ;is, 
 
 Iii(l(ivi('.i;iiiii4, 94 X>. 
 
 liiilovii'iiiiniH i'oiii|i'<>'<'<l wild liMii'iiriiH, 
 
 :i4 :ir). 
 
 Dlpoiloin.VM (j;uiiiiN), 41,43. 
 ii);IIlH, 40. 
 
 aiiiblKuiiH, 42-4r>, 40. 
 culiloi'iiic.iiH, 40. 
 •leHtTtl, 40,47. 
 iiiviTinnii, 4.'l. 
 )>Ii1I11iihI,47. 
 Hjx'ctiiliiliH, 40-41'. 
 Di|io(l(>|)M, coiiiimrcil with Dipnilnni.VH, 41 4*2. 
 oidii, 42,4.''> 4G. 
 
 crinipHi'fd witli lii|iui1(iiii,YH Biiibl- 
 tiiiiiH,4U-44. 
 Ki'inncoiiH nIbiveiiti'lH, 41. 
 Kvutoinya (kuiiiih), 211, 24, 25. 
 <'alit'orui<'.UH, 211. . 
 ciiroUnt^iiBlH, T.i. 
 t;alui, 23-24. 
 eniiperi, 2»,24,25. 
 occideiitalin, 'J.'i-2(1. 
 nitiliiH, 24. 
 Galo'H Kfldliackfd Uouse, 23-24. 
 OcoiiiyH liurmiriuH, .ll. 
 
 luttwoeiix, 01. 
 Urniilid Sqiiiind, 17-22. 
 llespoioiuyH californiriis, .^4, 
 floridaiiUH, f)!!, .M. 
 (loaHyiiiiiUH, .14. 
 
 1bU('I)|MIH, !>i. 
 
 inat'iopiiH, .W 54. 
 Kangaroo liat, 41-49. 
 Mailtin, 27 29. 
 MttpliitiH (liuniiM), 2,4, >, U. 
 bicolor, 5, fl. 
 intuiTiipta, r>, H, 0. 
 (liiatt'iliiieariM, r>, 6, 8. 
 MolosHiiH (jrUUIiH), 31. 
 
 calil'oriiHMiH, 3!-:r2. 
 piTutLs, 31. 
 ?.Voii8P, Califoriiian lli'd-liackt'd, 26. 
 <}«!.■,'« KwMmoU.'d, 23-24. 
 Westeiu Kfd baclied, 2r>-26. 
 
 MoiiMr. Whito rooted. .'i3. 
 MiihIkIu Hliiorlcaiia 27, 2r<, 20. 
 caiiriiia, 27 2'.). 
 /.Ilxlliiiii, 27. 
 I'lii'iioi'oinyH, I'uiiipai'tMl wllli Kvnioniyii, 24. 
 I'liokxt (ioplit'i', fil. 
 Pinlrii- !)(»«, 33 \\U. 
 Skunk, Mttlt' .Sliiped, 1 l.V 
 Spniiiiiipliiliii) (KcniiH), IH. 
 
 MpilOHoiiia uroiip, 37 30, 
 4'aiu^Nri-im, 38. 
 rrypttiBpllotiDi, 37. 
 oliHoletiiH, 37. 39. 
 HplluHOliia, 37, 38, 30. 
 
 niaorosplldttiH, 38. 
 iiia.ior, 3U, 
 ubHidlHiiiiH, 37. 
 prateiiNJH. 37. 
 Kpiliiiialu (k<*iiiih), 1-T. 
 
 ('(iiitruHtLMl with Mupbitid, 4-5. 
 ).;ia<'lliH, 2, 4, 6, 12, 13, 14. 
 iiidiaiiidii, U, 7, 8. 10. 
 Inttiliiipta, B, 7, 8-9, 10, 
 It ucopaiia, 3, 0, 7, 11-12. 
 liicamiiia, 3, 0, 11. 
 jdit'iiax, 0, 12, 13-14, 1.1. 
 latlf'ioiiH, 0, Ui. 
 piitoriim. 3, 5, 0, 7 8, U, lU, U, 12. 
 liliKeiiH, 2, 7, 8, 9 10. 
 HuxalilU. 0, 12, 13, 14. 
 TaiiiiaH (;!I'Iiiim), IB. 
 
 liai'i'iHi Ki'o'M'i 21, 22. 
 latnialiH finxip, 17-2U. 
 iiiiiiiiiiim uroiip, 22. 
 TainiuH cuHtatiuniM, 18, 19, 20. 
 cliryHddniniK, 18, 19-20. 
 cincniscciis, 18, 2U. 
 baiTiHl, 21, 22. 
 intcrpinH, 21, 22. 
 lalmaliH, 17, 18, 20. 
 leiU'iiriiH, 21, 22. 
 
 ('iiiiiiiinonieiiH, 21, 22. 
 iiiiiiiniiiH coiiHubrlniiH, 22. 
 iiiclauiii'iiH, 22. 
 Viveiia putoiiiiH, 5,7. 
 
 /.on ilia, 0. 
 WcstiTii Ked-backed :Mouf*e, 25-20. 
 Wbitu-tooted Mouse, 53. 
 
 66 
 
T;_H 
 fit 
 
 North Am 
 
 PLATK I. 
 
 (All iiatnral size.) 
 
 ]-;^. Rpilognle. phenax. (No, iil!ll!)<? i"!- Nicasio, California. Tiji)e. 
 4-(i. SpihujaJe leiicoparia (No. f «?,?)<? "<!■ Mason, Texas. 
 
 (Fig. (5 shows the inllated inastoi*! capsules fioni behiixl.) 
 
 56 
 
North American Fauna, No. 4. 
 
 Plate L 
 
 1-3. Si)il(i!i(ili' )>hctin.v sp. nov. 
 
 4-fi. S. teucopun'ii sp. nov. 
 
North Ar 
 
 PLATE 11. 
 
 (All inii<i;ni(ie(l about 15 diameters.) 
 
 1. Evotomyn occidentalis (No. -iH^\)S iul. Aberdeen, Washiiigtou. Type. 
 
 a. Upper molar series. 
 h. Lower molar series. 
 
 2. Evolomys caUfornieus (No. =f?il^?) ad. Eureka, California. Type. 
 
 a. Upper iiiolar series. 
 h. Lower molar series. 
 
 3. Evolomya aalei (No. f?>Si)9 '""l- Gold Hill, Colorado. Type. 
 
 a. Upper molar series. 
 h. Lower molar series. 
 
 58 
 
 1. Ev^ 
 
North American Fauna, No. 4. 
 
 Plate 
 
 1. Evotomi/n ocrMenf((lis sp. now S. E. rulifoniirugsp. uov. H E. yiiU-i sp. tmv. 
 
Nrrth America" 
 
 rjiATK in. 
 
 (All iniif^iiil'iod alioiit l'> (liaiiuners.) _ 
 
 I lli'speromyn macropun (N(K \},^,k^) ^ iu\, Liiko Wortli, Floiidii. Ti/pe. 
 
 a. Left upper molar series. 
 
 b. Left lower molar series. 
 
 2. //e«/)n-ojHi/8wia(roj)Ms(No. fHsio);^- LakoWoitli, Florida. (A younger speciiiieu.) 
 
 a. Left upper molar series. 
 
 b. 1-ieft lower molar series. ■ , 
 
 60 
 
 Hcspc 
 
Nrrth America" Fauna, No. 4. 
 
 pe. 
 
 igerspcciiiieu.; 
 
 ^LATE III. 
 
 
 //r.s7"''-',m//.s marn>p„.. ^i>. no,-.: (j,-. 1. type; 11;^. o ., j, 
 
 oiinKei-si}eeiinen.