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{.55] 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 THE FIRST GAZETTEER OF UPPER CANADA. 
 
 WITH ANNOTATIONS, 
 
 BY THl REV. HENRY 8CADDIN0, D.D. 
 
 The full title of the work whiclv it is proposed to reprint, with 
 annotations, is as follows : — " A short Topographical Description of 
 His Majesty's Province of Upper Canada, in North America, to 
 which is annexed a Provincial Gazetteer. London : Published by 
 W. Faden, Geographer to His Majesty, and to His Royal Highness 
 the Prince of Wales, Charing Cross, 1799. Printed by W. Buhner 
 and Co., Russell Court, Cleveland Row, ^t. James's." In the second 
 edition, published in 1813, "His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales" 
 is altered to "His Royal Highness the Prince Regent," and the Printers 
 are Hamblin and Seyfang, Garlick Hill, Thames Street. In the 
 first edition the following " Advertisement" or Preface appears : — 
 " The accompanying Notes and Gazetteer were drawn up by David 
 William Smith, Esq., the very able Surveyor General of Upper 
 Canada, at the desire of Major-Geueral Simcoe, on the plan of those 
 of the late Capt. Hutchins for the River Ohio and the Countries 
 adjacent. London, October 1st, 1799." The David William Smith 
 here named was born in 1764. He was the son of Lieut. -Col. Smith, 
 of the Fifth Regiment of Foot, formerly of Salisbury, who died Com- 
 mandant at Fort Niagara in 1795. At an early age he was appointed 
 an Ensign in his father's regiment, in which he subsequently obtained 
 the rank of Captain. Afterwards he was called to the bar in Ujjper 
 Canada, with precedence as Deputy Judge Advocate. Besides being 
 Surveyor General, he was also one of the Trustees for tho Six 
 Nations, and of the Executive Council of the Committee for admin- 
 istering the Government in the Governor's absence ; a member of 
 the first three Upper Canadian Parliaments, and Speaker of the 
 House of Assembly in two of them. On his return to England in 
 
 ^1 
 
56 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 1802, he resided at Alnwick, where he was principal agent to the 
 D' '^e of Northumberland. He was created a Baronot in 1821. In 
 1837 he died. He is spoken of as "a high-minded English gentle- 
 man, universally beloved for the kindness and warm-hearted gener- 
 osity of his character." In Burke's General Armory, Sir David is 
 described as being '' of Upper Canada ;" and in allusion doubtless to 
 his services in that Province, his shield, Burke informs us, bore a 
 beaver " on a chief;" and over the crest appeared the word "Canada." 
 The whole article in Burke reads as follows : — " Smith (as borne by 
 the late Sir David William Smith, of Upper Canada, and of Preston, 
 County of Northumberland, Baronet.) Sir David left four daughters ; 
 the eldest married to Charles Tylee, Esq., and the youngest to Edward 
 Tylee, Esq. Per pale, gu. and az. : on a chevron, or, between three 
 cinquefoils, ar. as many leopard's faces sa. ; on a chief of the third, 
 a beaver passant proper. Crest : A sinister hand erect apaum6, 
 couped at the wrist, gu., the wrist encircled with a wreath of oak, or, 
 the palm charged with a trefoil slipped, ar. ; on an escroll above — 
 Canada. Motto : Pro rege et patria. Sir David left no heirs male. 
 His only son was killed at Quiberon, in 1811, on board His Majesty's 
 frigate, Spartan" 
 
 The Instructions issued to the early surveyors by Sir David, 
 while acting officially in Upper Canada, are still preserved. Tliey 
 are full of interest to the present inhabitants of the localities 
 aiined. We give the letter addressed by him to Mr. Augustus 
 Jenes, at York, dated Niagara, 15th June, 179G, from which we 
 gather that in 1796 an extension of the limits of York (Toronto) 
 was already in contemplation. (The Governor referred to is still 
 Gen. Simcoe.) " Sir : I enclose to you a plan of the County of York, 
 shewing what has been surveyed, that in case His Excellency may 
 be pleased to order it to be enlarged, you will bo able to comply with 
 Hia Excellency's instructions, either by laying out another range of 
 blocks to the northward, or by continuing thorn to the eastward. I 
 am. Sir, &c., D. W. Smith, Acting Surveyor General." 
 
 The Notes and Gazetteer of Tipper Canada about to be reproduced, 
 are said above to have been drawn up on the plan of those of the 
 late Capt. Hutcains for the River Ohio and countries adj; ^cnt. Of 
 this Capt. Hutchins and his productions we ha\ o the following notice 
 in Allibone's Critical Dictionary of P^nglish Literature : Hutch' us* 
 'Thomas, 1730-1789. Captain R[oyal] Army. Subsequently Geo- 
 
 r..> 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 67 
 
 grapher General of the United States ; was a native of Monmouth, 
 New Jersey. 1. Boq net's Expedition against tlie Ohio Indians. 
 Philadelphia, 1765., London, 1766, 4to. pp. 14 and 71 : 5 plates. 
 Two of the plates are from designs by Benj. West. In French, 
 Amsterdam, 1796. "The accounts here laid before the public 
 appear to be perfectly authentic, and they are drawn up with equal 
 perspicuity and elegance." Lond. Monthly Magazine. 2. A Topo- 
 graphical Dictionary of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland and North 
 Carolina. London, 1778, 8vo, pp. 67. 3 plates. In French, Paris, 
 1781. 3. Historical Narrative and Topographical Description of 
 Louisiana and West Florida. Philadelphia, 1784, pp. 94, &c. 
 
 In the edition of 1813 the Preface or Advertisement varies slightly 
 from that given above. It says : " The following Notes and Gazet- 
 teer were drawn up by David William Smith, Esq., late Surveyor 
 General of the Provin'ie of Uj^per Canada, to illustrate the Map of 
 that Colony, by tne desire of Major-General Bimcoe." It is then 
 added : "This edition, the second, has been revised and coi'rected to 
 the present time by Francis Gore, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor, &c., 
 <fcc., to accompany the new map compiled in the Surveyor General's 
 office, and recently published under his direction." London, 1813. 
 Many particulars relating to Governor Gore are narrated in " Toronto 
 of Old." He was in England during the period of the war with the 
 United States, 1812-14. 
 
 After the departure of Mr. D. W. Smith in 1802 the affairs of 
 the Surveyor General's department were superintended for a time by 
 Messrs. Chewett and Ridout conjointly. Then Mr. C. B. Wyatt 
 became Surveyor General. Subsequently Mr. Ridout was appointed. 
 During a portion of the incumbency of D. W. Smith, Mr. Christopher 
 Robinson, formerly of the Province of Virginia, who had borne a 
 commission in the corps of Queen's Rangers, was Deputy Surveyor 
 General. The heading of the first edition, " A General Topographical 
 Description of Upper Canada," is reduced in the second to " A Topo- 
 graphical Description," &c. The work then opens : " By an Act of 
 the British Parliament, [commonly known as the Canadian Constitu- 
 tional Act of 1791,] passed in the thirty-first year of His present 
 Majesty, [i. e. George III.,] to repeal certain parts of .'i Act passed 
 in the fourteenth year of His Majesty's reign, entitled, ' An Act for 
 making more effectual provision for the Government of the Province 
 of Quebec, in North America, and to make further provision for the 
 
68 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Government of the said Province;' the Province of Quebec was 
 divided into the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, which two 
 Provinces were separated according to the following line of division, 
 as set forth in His Majesty's Proclamation of the 18th day of 
 November, 1791, Alured Clarke, Esq.,* Lieutenant-Governor, &c., 
 Ac, &c. :' To commence at a stone boundary on the north bank of 
 the Lake St. Francis, at the cove west of Pointe au Bodet, [in 
 Bouchette's Topographical Dictionary of Lower Canada, this is 
 ' Baudet,'J in the limit between the township of Lancaster and the 
 Seigneury of New Longueuil, running along the said limit in the 
 direction of north 34 degrees west, to the westernmost angle of the 
 said Seigneury of New Longueuil ; thence along the north-western 
 boundary of the Seigneury of Vaudreuil, running north 25 degrees 
 east, until it strikes the Ottawa River; to ascend the said river into 
 Lake Tomiscaming ; and from the head of the said lake by a l.-ne 
 drawn due north until it strikes the boundary lino of Iludson'.s Bay, 
 including all the territory to the westward and southward of the 
 said line, to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or 
 known by the name of Canada." [The old Longueuil is situated in 
 the County of Chambly.] 
 
 The Province of Upper Canada is bounded to the eastward by the 
 United States of America j thai, is, by a line from the 45th degree 
 of north latitude, along the middle of the River Iroquois or Cataraqui, 
 into Lake Ontario ; through the middle thereof until it strikes the 
 communication by water between that lake and Lake Erie ; thence 
 alpng the middle of the commixnication into Lake Erie ; through the 
 middle of that lake \intil it arrives at the water communication 
 between it and Lake Superior ; thence through Lake Superior north- 
 ward, to the isles Royale and Philipeaux, to the Long Lake, and 
 the wator communication between it and the Lake of the Woods ; 
 thence through that lake to the most north-western point thereof j 
 and from thence a due west line to the River Mississippi. 
 
 [Bouchetto observes that " this boundary was fixed by the treaty 
 of 1783, but is erroneous, inasmuch as a line drawn west from the 
 Lake of the Woods will not strike the Mississippi at all." In Presi- 
 dent Russell's opening speech to the two houses of Parliament of 
 
 * A notlco of Alured Cliirke will ho given hcrcn'tcr ; he was Lleutpaant-aovornor, acting in 
 (be Rbsenoe of the Qovernor-in-CLief, Lord Dorchester. 
 
Quebec was 
 ' ■wJiicli two 
 of division, 
 ^th day of 
 senior, &c., 
 'Ji bank of 
 JBodet, [in 
 '^> tLis is 
 *r and the 
 "t in the 
 gle of the 
 h-western 
 '5 degrees 
 river into 
 by a l;ne 
 on's Bay, 
 1 of the 
 called or 
 uated in 
 
 i by the 
 I degree 
 taraqui, 
 ikes the 
 tJience 
 ugh the 
 lication 
 ■ north- 
 ce, and 
 l^oods ; 
 lereof ; 
 
 treaty 
 m the 
 Presi- 
 illt of 
 
 itinjj in 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 09 
 
 Upper Canada, on the 15th of June, 1799, we have an allusion to 
 the Mississippi as a westerly boundary of his Province. ** Honorable 
 Gentlemen and Gentlemen," he sayi, " I am happy to inform you 
 that the intelligence communicated to me in the beginning of the 
 winter, respecting a combined attack of this Province said to have 
 been in preparation from the side of the Mississippi, turns out to 
 have little or no foundation. It has, however," he then adds, "had 
 the pleasing effect of evincing an internal strength to repel any 
 hostile attempt fi'om that quarter ; for I cannot sufficiently applaud 
 the very animated exertions of the Lieutenants of Counties and the 
 loyal spirit and zeal exhibited by the Militia of the several districts 
 on this occasion, whereby two thousand select volunteers from the 
 respective corps thereof were immediately put into a state of readiness 
 to march with their arras at a moment to wherever they might be 
 ordered, and Ism persuaded that the rest would have soon followed 
 with equal alacvity if their services had been wanted." The military 
 spirit of the young colony of Upper Canada was, we see, fated tc be 
 thus early put io the test. The reply to this part of the President's 
 address from the ** Commons" reads as follows : " It affords us the 
 highest satisfaction to learn that the inhabitants of this Province 
 have been so un.iuimously determined to oppose any attempt which 
 might have been contemplated to disturb its flourishing improve- 
 ments, not doubting that similar enei'gy will be shewn by all classes 
 of the people to prevent the intro(3uction of French pi'inciples, and 
 preserve uncontaminated the constitution which the mother country 
 has given us." The Speaker of the Lower House on this occasion 
 was David William Smith, of whom an account has been given above. 
 President Russell, who, it may be observed, had been previously 
 Military Secretaiy to Sir H. Clinton during the war of the Revolu- 
 tion in the Ignited States, refers again to the expediency of being 
 prepared for hostile attacks on Upper Canada, in the closing speech 
 of the session of 1799. "Although," he says, "the sequestered 
 situation of this Province has, through the favour of Providence, 
 hitherto exempted it from sharing in the calamities of the cruel war 
 which still ravages Europe, I cannot too earnestly exhort you to 
 recommend it strongly to your constituents not to relax in their 
 attentions to militia duties, and to keep that portion of each battalion 
 which has been selected by my desire for immediate service in a 
 constant state of readiness to act when wanted."] 
 
60 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 To the westward and to the northward, west of the Mississippi, its 
 boundaries are indefinite ; the northern limits of Louisiana not being 
 well known. [Of Louisiana, the Nortli American and West Indian 
 Gazetter of 1778 says : It stretches from N. to S. about 15 degrees, 
 namely from lat. 25 to 40; and from E. to W., about 10 or 11 
 degrees ; that is, from long. 86 to 96 or 97, for the limits are not 
 precisely fixed. M. de Lisle, the Gazetteer then adds, gives it a 
 much greater extent, especially on the north side, which he joins to 
 Canada, so that part of it is bounded by New York, Pennsylvania, 
 Virginia, &c., and on the west by the rivers Bravo and Salado. In 
 the second edition (1813) of our Provincial Gazetteer, the paragraph 
 in which Iiouisiana is named remains unchanged.] 
 
 To the northward, it is bounded by Hudson's Bay, as settled by 
 the treaty of Utrecht [1713], in the 49th parallel of north latitude, 
 extending liiie west, indefinitely. 
 
 Soon after his E.vcellency, John Graves Simcoe, Esq., the first 
 Lieutenant-Governor, had taken upon him the adminiitration of the 
 Government of the Province, he divided it by proclamation into 
 nineteen counties, viz : — 1, Glengary ; 2, Stormont ; 3, Dundaa ; 4, 
 Grenville ; 5, Leeds ; 6, Fi'ontenac ; 7, Ontario, consisting of the 
 islands in the lake of that name; 8, Addington; 9, Lenox; 10, 
 Prince Edward; 11, Hastings; 12, Northumberl.aiul ; 13, Durham; 
 14, York, consisting of two Ridings; 15, Lincoln, consisting of four 
 Ridings; 16, Norfolk; 17, Suffolk; 18, Essex ; 19, Kent. 
 
 This last county comprehends all the country, not being territory 
 of the American Indians and not included in the several other 
 counties, extending northward to the boundary lino of Hudson's 
 Bay, including all the territory to the westward and southward of 
 the said line, to the utmost extent of the country commonly known 
 by the name of Canada. 
 
 These nineteen counties send sixteen representatives to the Pro- 
 vincial Parliament, who, with Legislative Council, are called together 
 once every yeai-. The representatives are elected for four years to 
 serve in the Assembly, unless the Parliament bo sooner dissolved 
 by the person administering the Government. 
 
 [In the second edition (1813), instead of the above list of nineteen 
 counties, the following table is given : — 
 
>y <J <^ 
 
 •\ 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 61 
 
 I 
 
 DIVISION OF THE PROVINCE OF UPPER CANADA. 
 
 UiSTnicT. County. 
 
 Township. 
 
 UisTRiCT. County. 
 
 Township. 
 
 r 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 r 
 
 Loughborough. 
 
 /" 
 
 Glengary.. - 
 
 Chnrlottenburgli. 
 Kcnyoii. 
 
 
 ■ Frontenao . • 
 
 Portland, 
 llitchinbroke. 
 
 
 . 
 
 St. liegia Indians. 
 
 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 
 
 Cornwall. 
 Osnabruck. 
 
 
 • 
 
 Ernest Town. 
 Adolphus Town. 
 
 . 
 
 Stormont . - 
 
 Fincli. 
 lloxburgli. 
 
 1 
 
 Lenox and 
 Addington" 
 
 Fredericksburgh. 
 Richmond. 
 Camden, East. 
 
 
 ,■.:,' ■■ . 
 
 Williamsburgh. 
 
 "^ 
 
 
 Amherst Island. < 
 
 em 
 
 
 Matiiiia 
 
 <§ 
 
 
 Sheffield. 
 
 
 Dundas . . . - 
 
 Mouiitiiin. 
 
 ■-'. 
 
 ? 
 
 1-! 
 
 
 Winclicater. 
 
 n3 
 
 
 Sydney. 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 eg 
 
 
 Thurlow. 
 
 
 
 ■ Hawkosbury. 
 CaliHloiiia. 
 
 
 Hastings . . ■ 
 
 Mohawks. 
 Hungerford. 
 
 
 Proscott . . ■ 
 
 Lonyjutuil. 
 Alfred. 
 
 
 
 Huntington. 
 Rawdon. 
 
 
 
 ^ Plantngenet. 
 
 
 i Ameliasburgh. 
 
 
 
 ^Clarence. 
 
 
 Prince ) Hallowell. 
 
 
 
 Cumberland. 
 
 
 Edward . . 1 Sophiasburgh. 
 
 
 ^ liusaell . . . - 
 
 Gloucester. 
 Osfjoodo. 
 
 \ Marysburgh. 
 
 
 Russell. 
 Cambridge. 
 
 f Murray. 
 1 Cramahe. 
 
 
 ' Edwardsburgh. 
 
 
 ,„ ^, Haldimand. 
 Northurn- J „„^i,f„„ 
 
 
 Augusta. 
 
 aJ 
 
 berland . . 
 
 Alnwick. 
 
 
 Grcnville .* 
 
 Wolford. 
 
 Oxford on the Rideau 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 u 
 
 
 Percy. 
 Seymour. 
 
 
 
 Montague. 
 
 
 Hope. 
 Durham . . X Clarke. 
 
 
 
 Gowcr, N. «fe S. 
 
 
 
 
 Elizabethtown. 
 
 ( Darlington. 
 
 d 
 
 
 ^ onge. 
 
 
 
 
 Lansdown. 
 
 
 Whitby. 
 
 00 ■ 
 
 a 
 
 Leeds. 
 
 
 Pickering. 
 
 .a 
 o 
 
 Leeds .... 
 
 Crosby, N. <b S. 
 
 
 Scarborough. 
 
 l-S 
 
 
 Bastard. 
 Burgess. 
 
 
 York and Peninsula, 
 
 Etobicoke. 
 
 
 
 Elmsley. 
 
 r East Riding 
 § . of the 
 o 1 County of 
 
 Markham. 
 
 
 
 ,Kitley, 
 
 Vaughan. 
 
 
 
 
 K.ng. 
 
 
 Garleton .. 
 
 . .Nepean. 
 
 W t York.... 
 
 Whitchurch. 
 
 
 
 
 Uxbridge. 
 
 d 
 
 " 
 
 'Howe Island. 
 
 
 Gwillimbury, East. 
 
 1 
 
 Froatenac . 
 
 Pittsburgh. 
 ■ Wolfe Island. 
 
 
 Do. West. 
 Do. North. 
 
 a 
 
 . 
 
 , Kingston. 
 
 
 
 , Scott. 
 
68 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 District. Coumty. 
 
 West Rid- 
 ing of the 
 County of 
 York . . . 
 
 Norfollc 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 "O 
 
 § 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Middlesex , 
 
 Township. 
 
 r Toronto. 
 Trafalgar. 
 Nelson. 
 
 Flamborough, East. 
 Do. West. 
 
 Beverley. 
 Six Nation Lands, 
 
 North of Dundas 
 
 St' eet. 
 Reserved Lands. 
 Crown Lands and 
 
 Church Lands, 
 
 'Rainham. 
 
 Walpole. 
 
 Woodhouso. 
 
 Charlotteville. 
 
 Walsingham. 
 
 Houghton. 
 
 Middleton. 
 
 Windham. 
 
 Townsend. 
 
 Turkey Point and 
 Promontory of 
 [ Long Point. 
 
 'Burford, and Gore of 
 
 Burford. 
 Norwich, 
 Dereham. 
 
 Oxford on Thames. 
 Blandford. 
 Blenheim. 
 
 London. 
 
 Westminster. 
 
 Southwold, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Yarmouth, 
 
 Dunwich. 
 
 Aldborough. 
 
 Delaware. 
 
 Malahide. 
 
 Bayham. 
 
 District. Countt. 
 
 ' Lincoln 
 
 Halditnand. 
 
 fEent 
 
 a 
 
 h 
 V 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 Essex . 
 
 Township. 
 
 'Boston, 
 Ancaster, 
 Glanford, 
 Saltfleet. 
 Binbrook. 
 Grimsby. 
 C'\istor 
 Clinton. 
 Louth. 
 Grnntliam. 
 Niagara 
 Stamford. 
 Thorold. 
 Pel ham. 
 Gainsborough. 
 Wainfleet. 
 Crowland. 
 VVilloui>hby. 
 Bertie. 
 Humberstone. 
 
 'Six Nation Land, 
 south of i undas 
 Street. 
 
 Dover. 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 Camden, West 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 II ward. 
 
 Harwich. 
 
 Knleigh 
 
 Romney. 
 
 Tilbury, E. <b W. 
 
 Shawanees. 
 
 Mersea, 
 
 Gosfie d. 
 
 Colcheate". 
 
 Maiden. 
 
 Sandwich and Town. 
 
 Amheiatbur^h 
 
 (Garrison). 
 Maidstone. 
 Rochester 
 
 The counties send twenty-five representatives to the Provincial 
 Parliament, <kc.— Ed. 1813.] 
 
 Pointe au Bodet is situated nearly half way on the north side 
 of Lake St. Francis, which is about 25 miles long, and narrow 
 throughout. The object of dividing the Province of Quebec at a 
 stone boundary in the cove, west of this point, was apparently in 
 order that the seignorial grants, under French tenure, should be 
 
CAKADIAV LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 68 
 
 comprelionded in tlio Province of Lower Canada, and I}' at the new 
 soignioriea or townshi[)S, which were hiid out for the loyalists, bLou^^ 
 be within the Province of Upper Canada ; the said stone boundary 
 being the limit between the uppermost French seigniory (M. De 
 Longueuil's) on the River St. Lawrence, and the lower new seigniory 
 of Lancaster, sui'veyed for the disbanded troops and loyalists ; his 
 Majesty having in the year 1788 signified his intention that they 
 should bo placed upon the same footing in all respects as the loyalists 
 in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, by having their lands granted 
 to them in free and common soccage. 
 
 In j)as8ing from the Pointo au BodOt, westward, through Lake St. 
 Francis and up the River St. Lawrence, the route is generally made 
 on the north shore. Lancaster is the first township fronting this 
 lake : it extends nine miles, which is the ordinary size of the 
 townships, and extending twelve miles back from the front. Lan- 
 caster is watered by three small rivers, one of which empties itself 
 to the east, and another to the west of Pointe Mouillee, which 
 projects into the lake towards the centre of the township. 
 
 The next township is Charlottenburg, well watered by the River 
 aux Raisins, which, rising in the Township of Osnabruck, runs 
 through that and the Township of Cornwall, and discharges itself 
 into Lake St. Francis, at the south-east angle of Charlottenburg, 
 eastward of Point Johnson. In front of this township are several 
 small islands. 
 
 Between Charlottenburg and Cornwall is a small tract possessed 
 by the Indians, who have a considerable village on the south shore, 
 called St. Regis ; and in this part of the St. Lawrence lie several 
 islands, one called Petite Isle St. Regis, immediately opposite their 
 village, and another, Grande Isle St. Regis, a little higher up, 
 opposite the town of Cornwall, 
 
 In the rear of Charlottenburg is the township of Kenyon. 
 
 The township of Cornwall adjoins next ; in the front is the town, 
 of a mile square, lying in a commodious bay of the river, and watered 
 by a small rivulet which runs through the town. Two branches of 
 the River aux Raisins pass through the lands of this township ; and 
 in the front thereof are the Isles aux mille Roches et des Cheveaux 
 Ecart^es ; Grande Isle St. Regis, lying in front of the town. In the 
 rear of this township is the township of Roxburgh. 
 
fc\ 
 
 I! 
 
 • ' I 
 
 y it 
 
 The township of 
 Raisins rises here 
 which run into the , 
 
 i>ADIA T LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 \. \\ ■ ck lies above Cornwall ; the River aux 
 3ve..al brandies ; it has two other streams 
 xjawrence in front, off which lies the Isle au 
 Longue Sault, Isle de trois Cheveaux Ecart^if s, Isles au Diable, et 
 Isle au Chat. 
 
 The Rapid, called the Long Sault, lies in front of this township ; 
 the boats, in going up, keep the north shore in great measure, because 
 the south shore is not settled; but in descending, they universally- 
 pass between the islands and the south shore, that being the lai^,' .ji. 
 deepest, and altogether the safest passage. The inhabitants of late 
 years have taken down their grain with safety on rafts to the 
 Montreal markets. 
 
 Many people think that the lumber trade is carried on with more 
 safety down the rapids, than by those which pass Chambly from 
 Lake Champlain; it being a frequent observation at Quebec, that 
 the rafts from the Upper St. Lawrence are less ragged than those 
 which come from Lake Champlain. There is, however, some little 
 additional risk to the rafts from Upper Canada, by reason of having 
 to pass the small Lakes St. Francis and St. Louis — all broad waters 
 being more or less against the rafting trade. But as the Lake St. 
 Pierre, which is larger than either St. Francis or St. Louis, must be 
 passed, whether from Lake Chomplain or the Upper St. Lawrence, 
 there iz ao doubt but the lumber trade will find its way down the 
 St. Lawrence. Some settlers have already made the attempt, even 
 from the head of the Bay of Quint<5 ; and when the produce of that 
 very fertile country shall be expoi-ted for the Montreal or foreign 
 markets, the raft will answer a double pui-pose ; it requires but few 
 hands to manage it ; and grain or potash may be carried as dry as 
 in any other way. 
 
 The township of Williamsburgh is next above Osnabruck ; it has 
 but few streams. There are some islands in its front ; among the 
 rest, Isle au rapid Plat, the west end of which lies also in front of 
 Matilda, the next township. In the front is Point aux Pins and 
 Point Iroquois; the latter of which has the advantage in a great 
 measure of commanding the passage up and down the St. Lawrence. 
 A few islands lie in the front of this township, and a peninsula, 
 which is insulated at high water. 
 
 [Matilda is the next township above Williamsburgh : 2nd ed.] 
 
 \ 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORT. 
 
 65 
 
 that 
 
 it has 
 
 Edwardsburgh is tlie next township ; the front of which is Johns- 
 town, of a mile square. This, with the town of Cornwall, has been 
 most judiciously seated, the one being immediately above, the other 
 below, the rajiids of the Upper St. Lawrence, and of course easy of 
 access from the Lake St. Francia below to Cornwall ; and from 
 Johnstown vessels may be navigated svith safety to Quoenstown above 
 Niagara, and to all the ports of the Lake Ontario. In the front of 
 this township is Pointe au Cardinal, Pointe au Gallop, Point lurogne, 
 and Pointe au Foin ; and several islands, among which are Hospital 
 Island and Isle du Fort Levy, where the French had a garrison, 
 the ruins of which are still to be seen. 
 
 A little above Johnstown, on the south shore, is Fort Oswegatchie, 
 situated on h river of that name. ^ 
 
 Augusta lies above Edwardsburgh; it has but few streams ; Pointe 
 au Barril is in front. 
 
 The next township La Elizabeth Town, which is well watered by 
 the River Toniauta and three other streams. The Isles du Barril 
 lie iu front of this township. 
 
 The township of Yonge lies next, and is of irregular shape. The 
 River Tonianta empties itself into the St. Lawrence near the south- 
 east angle of this township. Towards the upper part are the narrows 
 made by a peninsula from the north shore, and Grenadier Island, 
 which lies in front of this township, as do several smaller ones. 
 
 Landsdown is next ; it has several small streams, and many islands 
 in its front, but none of any size. 
 
 Leeds adjoins Landsdown, and is well watered by the River 
 Gananoquo, which affords a good harbour at its entrance. 
 
 Howe Island lies pai'tly in front of this township, as do several 
 small islands. 
 
 Pittsburgh lies above Leeds ; part of Wolfe Island, and part of 
 Howe Island are in its front. This township adjoins to Kingston ; 
 from hence westward, the St. Lawrence opens into the Lake Ontario, 
 it being about 120 miles direct from Kingston to Pointe au BodSt. 
 
 The St. liawrence may be classed with the most noble rivers in 
 the world ; ita waters flow for the extent of 2,000 miles before they 
 reach the ocean ; the commercial advantages from such a situation 
 increase in proportion to the population of its banks. The Indian 
 trade, in a great measure, takes its current down the St. Lawrence, 
 
 6 
 
7 
 
 I''; 
 
 v\ 
 
 66 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 particularly since vessels of a considerable size are daily building for 
 the navigation of the lakes. 
 
 The land in all the before-mentioned townships is for the most 
 part fertile, and under as high a state of cultivation as can be expected 
 from the time it has been settled ; the fii-st improvements being made 
 since the peace of 1783, when all was in a state of nature and heavily 
 timbered. 
 
 There are now between 30 and 40 mills [more than 40 mills : 2nd 
 Ed.] in the extent mentioned, on this river, the most remarkable of 
 which are on the Gananoque. Good roads have been opened, and 
 bridges well constructed; some of them over wet lands and the 
 mouths of creeks and rivers of very considerable extent ; and the 
 first settlers have been able, by their very great industry, to erect 
 comfortable houses. 
 
 In the rear of these townships, on the St. Lawrence, are upwards 
 of twenty others in which settlements have been commenced, to the 
 southward of the Ottawa or Grand River, which many of them 
 front ; others are well supplied by the waters of the Rideau [wrongly 
 printed Radeau, occasionally, in both editions] and River Petite 
 Nation, with the Gananoque lakes and streams, all of which afford 
 abundance of situations for mills. These rivers, like most others in 
 Canada, abound in carp, sturgeon, perch and cat-fish ; the ponds 
 affording green and other turtle, with fish of various sorts. The 
 lands in their vicinity are differently timbered according to their 
 quality and situation. The dry lands, which are generally high, 
 bear oak and hickory ; the low grounds produce walnut, ash, poplar, 
 cherry, sycamore, beech, maple, elm, <fec., and in some places there 
 are swamps full of cedar and cypress. 
 
 The banks of most of the creeks abound in fine pine timber, and 
 the creeks themselves afford in general good seats for saw mills ; 
 materials for building are reatiily procured. 
 
 Tlie heads of the Rivers Rideau and Petite Nation communicate 
 by short portages or Citrrying places with the waters which fall into 
 the St. Lawrence, and promise to afford great advantages to all kinds 
 of inland communication. The forks of the Rideau, about which are 
 the townships of Oxford, Marlborough and Gower, promise to be, at 
 some future period, an emporium for interior commerce. 
 
 The birch canoes which go to the North-west country, pass up the 
 Ottawa River with the merchandize, and desoeud with peltries. 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 67 
 
 The town of Kingston is situated at the head of the St. Lawrence 
 on the north shore, opposite to Wolfe Island ; it occupies the site of 
 old Fort Frontenac, was laid out in the year 1784, and is now of 
 considerable size ; it has a barrack for troops and a house for the 
 commanding officer, an hospital, several storehouses, an Episcopal 
 Church, [a Roman Catholic Chapel,] a gaol and court house. A 
 cove near to the town [upon which the town is situated : 2nd ed.] 
 affords a good harbour for shipping ; it is safe, commodious and well 
 sheltered. Large vessels seldom go below Kingston, although it is 
 navigable to Oswegatchie, about 70 miles down the river ; the stores, 
 provisions, «fec., which are lodged in the dep6t at this place, being 
 usually transported there in boats from Montreal. 
 
 About Kingston there are several valuable quarries of limestone, 
 and the country in general is rather stony, which is not found to be 
 detrimental to the crops. 
 
 The township which surrounds this town bears the same name. 
 
 Ernest-town lies above Kingston; it is watered by two small 
 rivers ; Amherst Island lies in its front. In the rear of this town- 
 ship is Camden ; the Appenee river, on which there are excellent 
 mills, runs through it. 
 
 Having passed Ernest-town, the Bay of Quints commences with 
 Fredericksburgh to the north at its entrance, and Marysburgh to the 
 south. 
 
 This bay, which may be considered throughout as a harbour, is 
 formed by a largo peninsula, consisting of the townships of AmeUaa- 
 burgh, Sophiasburgh and Marysburgh, extending easterly from an 
 isthmus, where there is a portage, at the head or west end of the 
 bay, to Point Pleasant, the easternmost extremity of the peninsula, 
 opposite to Amherst Island. 
 
 The River Trent empties itself into the head of the bay, to the 
 eastward of the portage, and supplies it with the waters of the Rice 
 Itike. To the westward of the portage, in Lake Ontario, is th« 
 harbour of Presqu' Isle de Quint6, now called Newcastle. 
 
 This peninsula of the three townships, called the county of Prince 
 Edward, extending from the mainland like an arm, hides from the 
 Lake Ontario the townships of Sidney, Thurlow, Adolphustown and 
 Fredericksburgh, which front the north side of the bay. 
 
 The River Trent, discharging itself between the townships of 
 Murray and Sidney, finds its passage between the county of Priace 
 
68 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY, 
 
 Edward and the townships on the north side of the bay ; its stream 
 is increased by the Appannee river ninning in from Camden, and 
 dividing Richmond from Fredericksburgh, joins the waters of the 
 bay near John's Island, a small isle opposite to a settlement of 
 Mohawks, so called after Captain John, a Mohawk chief, who resides 
 there, and who, with some others of that nation, had a tract of land 
 given them by his Majesty, of abort nine miles in front on the bay, 
 and about twelve miles deep ; preferring this situation, they separated 
 from the rest of their nation, who were settled on tho Grand River, 
 or Ouse. 
 
 In Fredericksburgh and Adolphustown there are several fine bays 
 and coves ; and in the latter township there is a small town on the 
 bay opposite to Marysburgh. 
 
 The River Shannon runs into the bay at the south-east angle of 
 the township of Thurlow, and the Moira River at the south-west 
 angle of that township. 
 
 There are sevei'ul small coves and bays also in the peninsula of 
 Prince Edward, and a small lake between Sophiasburgh and Marys- 
 burgh, which empties itself into a bay of Lake Ontario. 
 
 There is an island in the bay between Sophiasburgh and Thurlow, 
 and between Killikokin Point and Point Oubesuoutegongs, of about 
 seven miles long. 
 
 Isle de Quints, now called Nicholas Island, lies off Ameliasburgh 
 in Lake Ontario; and off Point Traverse in Marysburgh are the 
 Duck Islands. In the deep bay between Point Traverse and Point 
 Pleasant are Orphan Island and Isle du Chene. 
 
 The River Trent, which falls into the head of the Bay of Quintd, 
 not only leads off the waters of the Rice lake, but of a chain of lakes 
 between it and Luke Simcoe ; a few milea up the river, on the south 
 side, are salt springs. 
 
 The fertility of tJie soil about the Bay of Quints is generally 
 allowed : the land is rich, easily worked, and produces several crops 
 without manure; twenty-five bushels of wheat are often produced 
 from one acre ; the timber is much like that of the other parts of the 
 Province — oak, elm, hickory, maple, &c. The bay is narrow through- 
 out, and upwards of fifty miles long, all which distance it is navigable 
 for those small vessels that are used on the lakes. 
 
 An apparent tide is irequently noticed in the Bay of Quints, not 
 dissimilar to thoso observed in some of the upper lakes. [Merely 
 
CANADIAN liOCAIi BISTORT. 
 
 69 
 
 tha rifle and fall occasioned now and then by the prevalence or 
 absence of certain winds.] The bay abounds with wild fowl and 
 fish of various kinds ; the River Trent affords a salmon fishery. 
 
 In passing from the head of the Bay of Quint6 into Lake Ontario, 
 you cross a very shoi't portage in front of the township of Murray, 
 being the isthmus between it and the peninsula of Prince Edward ; 
 at the end of the portage, and before you enter Lake Ontario, is a 
 small lake, exceedingly beautiful, and the land on its banks extremely 
 good ; to the northward of this portage it is proposed to make a canal, 
 to connect the waters of the bay with those of the lake. The circum- 
 stance of two small streams rising near each other, and running 
 different ways, seems to point out the facility of the measure. The 
 cut, which Campbell (in his " Notes on the Political Survey of Great 
 Britaiii ") calls' Earl Gower's canal, saems to be well suited to this 
 country, where labour bears so high a price, and where the rooting; 
 up of immense trees is so great a difficulty to encounter. 
 
 [John Campbell, LL.D., 1708-1775, a voluminous Historical, 
 Biographical and Political writer. The allusion is probably to the 
 second Earl Gower who, in 1786, became Marquis of Stafford.] 
 
 A little to the westward of the portage and proposed canal, is the 
 harbour of Newcastle, a situation well suited for commerce and pro- 
 tection, and sheltered from all winds; a knoll on the peninsula 
 affords a healthy site for the town. 
 
 After leaving Murray, in going to the westward along the shore of 
 Lake Ontario, you pass the townships of Cramah6, Haldimand and 
 Hamilton, which are now settling ; and arriving at the township of 
 Hope, you find excellent mills ; from thence there is a portage to 
 the Kice Lake. 
 
 You then pass by the fronts of Clarke, Darlington, and Whitby ; 
 and coming to Pickering, you meet with an excellent salmon and 
 sturgeon fishery, at a river called Duffin's Creek, which is generally 
 open, and large enough to receive boats at most seasons of the year. 
 
 After leaving the township of Pickering, you pass under the high 
 lands of Scarborough, and arrive at the township of York. 
 
 All the townships on the north side of the lake are well watered 
 by small streams, at the mouths of which are ponds, and low land 
 capable of being drained and converted into meadows. In the rear 
 of the township of Murray is the township of Seymour ; in the rear 
 of Oramah6 is Percy in the rear of Haldimand is Alnwick ; and in 
 
 5 
 
i I 
 
 IM 
 
 ll' 
 
 70 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 the rear of Hamilton is Dives. [The last eight words are omitted 
 in 2iiJ edition.] 
 
 The river Nen empties itself into Lake Ontario, in the township 
 of Pickering, east of the Scarborough heights ; it runs from a consi- 
 derable distance in the country through Scarborough, Markliam, &c., 
 crossing the Yonge Street, and apparently rising in the vicinity of 
 one of the branches of Holland's Kiver, with which it will probably, 
 at some future period, be connected by a canal. This river abounds 
 with fish ; at its embouchure are good intervals for meadow ground, 
 and it is the back communication from the German settlen-ent in 
 Markham to Lake Ontario. 
 
 York, which is at present the seat of Government of Upper 
 Canada, lies in about 43 degi'ees and 35 minutes north latitude, and 
 is most beautifully situated witliin an excellent harbour of the same 
 name, made by a long peninsula, which embraces a basin of water 
 sufficiently large to contain a considerable fleet. It has this advan- 
 tage over the other ports on Lake Ontario, that vessels may ride 
 safely at its entrance during the winter. 
 
 On the extremity of the peninsula, which is called Gibraltar Point, 
 are commodious stores and block-houses, which command the entrance 
 to the harbour ; on the mainland, opposite to the Point, is the garri- 
 son, situated on a point made by the harbour and a small rivulet, 
 which, being improved by sluices, affords an easy access for boats to 
 go up to the stores ; [the last seventeen words are omitted in the 
 2nd edition.] The barracks, being built on a knoil, are well situated 
 for health, and command a delightful prospect of the lake to the west, 
 and of the harbour to the east. The Government House, which is not 
 -♦'t finished, is about two miles above the garrison, near the head of 
 the harbour, and the town is increaamg very rapidly. [In the 2nd 
 edition, the preceding sentence reads thus : — " The Grovernment House 
 is about two miles from the east end of the town, at the entrance of 
 the harbour, and the town is increasing very rapidly." The Govern- 
 ment House referred to in the 2nd edition was situated in the Fort. 
 It was destroyed by the concussion occasioned by the blowing up of 
 the powder-magazine, when York was taken by the United States 
 force in 1813.] The front of the city, as now laid out, is a mile and 
 a half in length ; several handsome squares are projected, particularly 
 one open to the harbour. The Kiver Don empties itself into the 
 harbour a little above the town, running through a marsh, which, 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HIBTOBT. 
 
 71 
 
 srds are omitted 
 
 when drained, will afford beautiful and fertile meadows ; this has 
 already been effected in a small degree, wliich will no doubt encourage 
 further attempts. The long beach or peninsula, which affords a 
 most delightful ride, is considered so healthy by the Indians, that 
 they resort to it whenever indisposed ; and so soon as the bridge 
 over the Don is finished, it will of course be generally resorted to, 
 [in 2nd edition : the bridge over the Don, being finished, is frequented] 
 not only for pleasure, but as the most convenient road to the heights 
 of Scarborough. 
 
 The ground which has been prepared for the Government House 
 is situated between the city and the River Don, in a beautiful spot, 
 and its vicinity well suited for gardens and a park. [By " Govern- 
 ment House" is here meant the first Parliament Buildings, which 
 were afterwards burnt by the enemy in 1813.] The oaks are large, 
 the soil excellent, and watered by various streams ; the harbour is 
 well calculated for ship-building and launching of vessels. The 
 Yonge Street, or military way, leading to Lake Simcoe, and from 
 tnence to Gloucester on Lake Huron, commences in the rear of the 
 city. This great communication has been opened to Gwillimbury, 
 32 miles ; and must be the great channel to the North- West, aa it is 
 considerably shorter than the circuitous route by the Straits of 
 Niagara and Detroit. [In the 2nd edition, the followLag sentence is 
 inserted here : — The tract of land between Kempenfeldt and Pene- 
 tanguishene ^ays has been lately purchased from the Indians, and a 
 road is opening, which will enable the North- West Company to 
 transport their furs from Lake Huron to York, thereby avoiding the 
 circuitous route of Lake Erie, and the inconvenience of passing along 
 the American frontier. We add in a note below the official docu- 
 ment attesting the purchase at Penetanguishene.*] Farm lots of 
 
 • Upper Canada.— To all to whom these Presents may come, Greeting. Whereas the Chiefg, 
 Warriors nnd People of the Chippoway Tribe or Nation of Indians, being desirous, for certain 
 considerations hereinafter shewn, of selling and disposing of a certain tract of Land lying near 
 the Lake Huron, or butting and bounding thereon, called the Harbour of Penetanguishene, to 
 His Britannic Majesty King George the Third, our Great Father, Now know ye that we the 
 Chiefs, Warriors and People of the Clilppcway Tribe or Nation, for and in consideration of 
 One Hundred and One Pounds, Quebec currency, to us paid, or in Value given, the receipt 
 whereof we hereby acknowledge, to have given, granted, sold, disposed of, and confirmed, and 
 by these pro* nts do give, grant, sell, dispose of and conllrm for ever, unto His Britannic 
 Majesty King jeorgo the Third, all that tract or space containing land and water, or parcel of 
 ground covered with water, be the same land or water, or both, lying and being near or upon 
 the Lake Huron, called Penetanguishene, butted and bounded as follows :— Beginning at the 
 Head or south-westernmost angle of a Bay, situated above certain French ruins, now lying on 
 the East side of a imall Strait leading from the said Bay into a larger Bay called Glouceiter or 
 
 
 «fi 
 
fi 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL H13T0RY. 
 
 200 acres are laid out on each side of Yonge Street, having a width 
 of a quarter of a mile each, on the street ; in general, the land is 
 excellent, and fit for eveiy purpose of husbandry. 
 
 Sturgeon Bay, the Head or south-westeminost angle of the said Bay being called by thft 
 Indians Opetiquayawsing ; then North 70 degrees Wt'st to a Bay of Lake Huron, called by the 
 [ndiana Nottoway SaguS Bay ; tlionce foUowlny the shores of Lake Huron according to the 
 different courses and windings of tlio said Nottoway S.igufi Bay ; Penct.ingnishene Harbour 
 «nd Gloucester or Sturgeon Bay, soniotimeu called also Matchadash, to the place of l)eginning, 
 containing all the lauds to the nortliward of the said line, rr luing North 70 degrees West, and 
 lying between it and tlio waters of Lake Huron, togetlier witli the Islands in the said Harbour 
 of Penetanguishene. To '■-.ve and to hold the said parcel or tract of land, together with all th« 
 woods and waters thereon lying and beinj;, unto His said Britannic Majesty King George tlie 
 Thir , his heirs and successors for ever, free and ''Ih^u- ot all claims, riglits, pi-ivilcges and 
 emoluments which we the said Chiefs, Warriors and People cf the said Chippeway Tribe or 
 Nation might have before the execution of these Presents, and free and clear of any pretended 
 Claims, riglits, privikges or emoluments to which our Childr in, Descendants and Posterity 
 may hereafter make to the same. Hereby renouncing and fjrever absolving ourselves, and 
 our children, descendants and posterity, of all title to the sci), woods and waters of the above 
 described parcel or tract of land in favour of His said Br'annic JIajesty, his heirs and suc- 
 cessors forever. In Witness whereof we have, for ourselves and the rest of our Tribe o." 
 Nation, hereto set our marks, weals and signatures, this twenty-second day of Jlay, and in the 
 Thirty-olglith year of the Keign of our Great Fatlier, King George the Tliird, at York, in the 
 Province aforesaid, having first heard this Instrument openly read and rehearsed in our own 
 language, and fully approved by ourselves and our Nation. Signed, William Clans, Superin- 
 tendent Indian Affairs, on behalf of t'.ie Crown, (L.S.); Cliabondaslieam, (L.S.) [liguro of a 
 Reindeer] ; Aasancc, (L.S.) fflgure of an Otter]; Wabinimpion, (L.S) [figure of a Pike]; Nin- 
 gawson, (L.S.) [figure of a Reindeer] ; Omassanahsqutawah, (L.S.) [figure of a Reindeer.] In 
 t'ae presence of William Willconks, Commissioner on belialf of the Province ; Alexander 
 Burns, Oomniissioner on beh.ilf of the Province; Samuel Smith, M(i.jor Q. Rangers; Arthur 
 Holdsworth Brooking, Lieut. Q. Rangers; John McGill, Adjutant Q. Rangers; J. Givins, 
 Agent of Indians ; W. Johnson Chew, Indian Dei^.Ttmeiit; George Cown, Indian Department. 
 To this Instrument was annexed a plan of the Lands and Harbour purchased, and schedule of 
 the goods given as an equivalent for the same. 
 
 "We do hereby certify that the following Goods were delivered in our presence to the 
 Chippeway Nation, subscribers to tlie within Deed, beiug the consideration therein mentinned, 
 as sent from the general Store by order of the Commander-in-Chief :— Twenty pair Blankets of 
 2| Points, lOs. Cd.— £16 10s. Twenty-five pair Blankets of 2 Points, 123.--£15. Seventeen 
 pair Blankets of 1 J Points, 9s. 9d.— .tS 5s. 9d. I'our pieces Blue Strouds, eighty-four yards, 
 117s. a Piece— £23 8s. Forty-four Pounds Brass Kettle, 2s. 4Jd.— £5 48. 6d. Four Pieces 
 Calico, ISJ yards each is seventy-four yards, 558. 6d. per piece— £11 2s. Three Pieces Linen, 
 25 yards each is seventy-flvo yards, 75s. per piece — £11 6s. Three Pieces Caliinanco, 30 yards, 
 is ninety yards, 54s. 9d. per piece— £8 4s. 3d. Nine dozen Butchers' Knives at 4s. Od. per 
 dozen— ,£2 OS. 6d. Amounting in the whole tu One Hundred and One Pounds, Quebec currency. 
 Signed, William Willcocks," &c. 
 
 fTo be continitedj 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 THE FIRST GAZETTEER OF UPPER CANADA. 
 
 WITH ANNOTATIONS, 
 
 BY T H K KKV. IIENP.Y BCADDINO, D.n. 
 
 t'CoHtinwd from page 917.) 
 
 A. 
 
 Afnno Creek, iii the County of Lincoln, empties itself into Like 
 Krie, in the township of Bertie, at the head of the bay, east of Point 
 Abino. 
 
 Abino Foinf, in tlie township of Bextie, on Lake Erie, is nine or 
 t«m miles west of Fort Erie. [In a letter of Chief Brant's, dated 
 1794, given in Perkins' " Annals of the West," p. 396, this place is 
 spoken of as " Point Appineau." Abino is probably an abridgetl 
 form of the Otchipway word abmo-dgi, " child." In Lake Superior 
 there is a point named (rojingouassagokag, " Little Girl's Point."] 
 
 Addinyton County is l^oundcd on the east by the County of Fron- 
 tenac ; on the soiitli by Lake Ontario, to the westernmost boundary 
 of the late township of Eniest Town ; and on the west by tlie town- 
 ship of Fredericksburgh, running north 31 degrees west, until it 
 meets the Ottawa or Grand Rivei-, and thence descending that river 
 until it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the County of 
 Frontenac. This county comprehends all the islands nearest to it. 
 [In the 2nd edition, this article reads as follows : "Addington and 
 Lenox County Is bounded on the east by the County of Fi-ontenac, 
 on the south by Lake OnUirio, and on the west by the County of 
 Hastings. This county comprehends all the islands nearest to it ; it 
 sends, in conjunction with Hastings and Northumberland, one repi-e- 
 sentative to the Provincial Parliament." Addington perpetuates the 
 name of Mr. Speaker Addington, 1796, afterwards Lord Sidmouth. 
 Lenox, more usually Lennox, was a compliment to Charles Lennox, 
 third Duke of Richmond, Master of the^ Ordnance in the reign of 
 George III.] 
 
ii 
 
 'ill 
 
 2 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTOBY. 
 
 Adolphu$ Town is situated in the Bay of Quiutd : it is bounded 
 southerly, westerly and northerly by the waters of the bay, and 
 easterly by the township of Fredericksburgh, in tho Midland District. 
 The courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace are holdon here 
 annually, the second Tuesday in January and July. 
 
 Adolphus Town, the township of, in the County of Lenox, lies to 
 the westward of Fredericksburgh, in the Bay of Quint6. ["Adolphus," 
 from Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, youngest son of George 
 
 "^] 
 
 Aldborou(jh Touuiship, in the County of Suffolk, lies to the west 
 
 of Dunwich : it is washed by the Thames on the north and by Lake 
 Erie on the south. [Probably from Aldborough in Suffolk, England, 
 a fishing-town at the mouth of the River Aide, There is another 
 Aldborough in the West Riding of York, the Isurium Brigantium 
 of the Roman period.] 
 
 Alempignon Lake lies to the northward of Lake Superior, and 
 betwoeu it and the mount;uiis which bound the Hudson's Bay Coni- 
 l«iny and Now South Wales to the southward. It contains several 
 small islands, and is about the size of Lake Nipissing. [This is the 
 same as Lake Nipigon, now familiar to tourists. In Otchipway, 
 Nibegom=:" I wait for game in the night on the water in a canoe." 
 (See Baraga's Otchipway Dictionary, p. 279.) In a list of names in 
 Schoolcraft's American Indians (p. 25, n.), to Alempigon is subjoined 
 the note : " Impi'operly written for Nipigon, a small lake north of 
 Lake Superior."] 
 
 Alfraa Township, in the County of Glengarry, is the third township 
 in ascending the Ottawa river. 
 
 Alnwick Township, in the County of Northumberland, lies in the 
 rear and nortli of Haldiniand. 
 
 Alumets Its, on the Ottawa river, above the Rapids, which are 
 higher than Riviere du Nord. [AUmnettes : Matches for enkindling 
 a light, &c.] 
 
 Alnred Cape, in tlxe township of Clarke, iiorth side of I^ake 
 Ontario. [Alured was tlic baptismal name of General Clarke (after- 
 wards Sir Alured), from wlioni the township had its name. It is an 
 archaic form of Alfred.] 
 
 Amdiasburgh Toienship, in tlie County of Prince Edward, is the 
 westernmost township of that county, bounded by the canying place 
 whicli loads from the head of tlio Ruy of Quinto to Lake Ontario, 
 
 11? ( 
 
 t 
 
If 
 
 1 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 6 
 
 and is washed by the waters of the bay and the lake. [Amelia, from 
 the name of a daughter of George III.] 
 
 Amkerstbiinjh, the military post and garrison now building, at the 
 mouth of Detroit river, in the township of Maiden. 
 
 Amherst Island, in the County of Ontario, formerly called Islo 
 Tonti, contains about 16,000 acres : it lies opposite to Ernest Town 
 and part of Fredericksburgh, in Lake (.Ontario, towards the entrance 
 of the Bay of Quints. [Amherst, from tli'' Coneral of that name, to 
 whom Vaudi'cuil capitulated in 1760.] 
 
 Amikoues, River of the, runs into Lake Huron from the north 
 shore, east of the Mississaga river. [Amikoues is Otchipway for 
 " bcaver-lodge."] 
 
 Ancaster Townshi}} lies to the soutliward of Dundas Street, and is ' 
 bounded on the east by Barton and Glanford. [From Ancaster in 
 Jjiiicolnshire, the ancient Roman station, Crococalana. It gave the 
 title of dulvo to the head of the Bertie family (the Earl of Lindsey's) 
 up to 1806.] 
 
 Angoiisoka River, now called the {Shannon, empties itself into the 
 Bay of Quint(5. 
 
 Annequionchecom Lake : one of the lakes on the communication 
 between Rice Lake and Lake Simcoc. [Annequi denotes " succes- 
 sion." The native names of other lakes iu this chain are given in 
 Oapt. Owen's chart, published by tlic Admiralty in 1838. Caneimn- 
 dacokank, Balsam Lake ; N^nnmeysavkyayun, Sturgeon Lake. Two 
 lakes marked Shebaughtickioyomi, one the " West," the other the 
 " East " Lake. {Shehatujhtick gives the notion of stiffness.) Cautjh- 
 VMivkuonykauk, Tripe Lake. The river by which the lakes in the 
 township of Reach empty into Sturgeon Lalce is marked Yaiobas/i- 
 k^askauk. (The modern much- vulgar! zed " Bol)cayg('on " appears on 
 Owen's chai'tas "Babakaijuen ,"' doubtless a bottor approximation to 
 the Otchipway word. Baba denotes "repetition." Kakahikc(ljiwan^=^ 
 " There is a strong rapid over rocks.")] 
 
 Ann's iSt. Island, iu Tiake Superior, lies to the southward of Islo 
 Jlocquart. 
 
 Apostles, the Twelve, Ho oft" the southern ca[K' which makes West 
 Bay, in Lake Superior. 
 
 Appanee River, running through the front of the township of 
 Camden, divides Fredericksburgh from Richmond, and empties itself 
 into the Bay of Quint6 at the Mohawk settlement. [Appa7mee=^ 
 Flour. This name has now assumed the form of JVapaiiee.] 
 
 ''!' 
 
 
 I 
 
 ^■^■i 
 
A- 
 
 fi c«* 
 
 /^aUA^K^f^ 
 
 
 '!''^/i-j-i.a 
 
 4 CANADIAN LOCAL HI8T0BY. 
 
 Atokas, liimr ano^, runs into Lake Ontiirio west of York, and tlie 
 River Humber. Tho mouth of this river is tlio boundary between 
 the Misaissaga lands and the East Riding of the County of Yoi-k. 
 It is now generally called the Etobicoke. [Atokaa appears to b«' a 
 French abbreviation of the native name, whicli meant " a place 
 where there are alder- trees." "Etobicoke" Ikis retained more of 
 the original expression. The early surveyor, Augustus Jones, Avrites 
 the word as " Atobicoake " in one of his letters, and designates 
 another sti'cam at " the Jiead of the lake " by the same name, which 
 he interprets " Bhick Aldei- Cree ," and notes that it is " the creek 
 near Morden's," i.e.. the solitary house (in Jones' day) at the point 
 ^ where "Dundas Street" struck the stream of whicii Burlington Bay 
 s, as it wei'e, the estuary. Baraga, in his Otcliipway Dictionary, 
 gives "Wadupiki" as "Alder-forest;" and " AMer-point," l/ake 
 Superior, is "Nadopikan." Comp. Apanee, Napanee.] 
 
 Attica Bay, on the south side of the Ottawa river, in Monsieur ile 
 Longueil's seigniory, lies at the *Tioutli of the river of the same name. 
 [See note on next article.] 
 
 Attica, River an, runs into the Ottawa river, in Monsieur de 
 Longueil's seigniory. [This ought probably to be Itivihre mix A It tens. 
 Drake, in his work on the Indians of North America, mentions the 
 " Attikamigues " (Whitefish) as a tribe '• in the North of Cannda, 
 destroyed by Pestilence in 1670."] 
 
 Aiigusta Township, in the County of Grenville, is the eighth town- 
 ship in ascending the River St. Lawrence. [Augusta is prol)a))ly a 
 compliment to the King's daughtei-, AiKjvsta Sophia.'\ 
 
 m 
 
 «( 
 
[1G7] 
 
 t' 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 THE FIRST GAZETTEER OF UPPER CANADA. 
 
 WITH ANNOTAXrONa, ' " 
 
 nYTIlEUEV. HKNKYHCADDINO, n.D. 
 
 (Continued from page. SOS.) 
 
 ! 
 
 ! 
 
 B. 
 
 Bachouanan River empties itself into the easterly part of Lake 
 Superior, about half-way botweon the Falls of St. Mary and Red 
 River. [Batchawaung, in late maps.] 
 
 Barhue Point, on the River St. Lawrence, about a mile and a half 
 above the lower end of the fourth township. [Barbuo=Catfish.] 
 
 Barhue River: now called the Orwell. [Better known as "Big 
 Otter Creek."] 
 
 Baril, Isles dxi, in the River St. Lawrence, lie in front of the 
 township of Elizabeth Town. 
 
 Baril, Pointe au, on the River St. Lawrence, above Osweigatchie, 
 and higher than the ship-yards. 
 
 Barque, Isle de la, is a small island in Lake Ontario, lying rather 
 farther out, and pretty near to the Isle de Quinte. 
 
 Barrier Point, the west point, where the River Petite Nation 
 empties itself into the Ottawa. [Petite Nation : The complete 
 expression was " Petite Nation des Algonquins."] 
 
 Barton Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies west of Saltfleet, 
 and fronts Burlington Bay. [From Barton in Lincolnshire, Avhich, 
 to distinguish it from many other Bartons (Barntowns) in England, 
 is knoAvn as " Barton on the Humber."] 
 
 Bass Cove, in Adol])hustown, Bay of Quint6, lies northward of 
 Perch Cove. 
 
 Bass Islands : a group of islands at the west end of Lake Erie, 
 situated between the Western Sisoer and Cunningham's Island. 
 [The Otchipway word for Bass is ashigan.] 
 
!' 
 
 !''m 
 
 ( > I * 
 
 %C96 
 
 168 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Bass Island, in the Bay of Quintd, lies off near to the towuijlot in 
 Adolphustown. 
 
 Bastard Township lies in the rear and to the northward of Lans- 
 down and Leeds. [From the name of a well-known ancient Devon- 
 shire family, seated in modern times at Kitley, near Plymouth.] 
 
 Batteau Island, in the River St. Lawrence, above Bearded Island. 
 
 Batture Gt'and, on the Ottawa river, below the Portage du 
 ChSne. [Batture=^6> ttoA^Mjif-y/biM^ «»— ^ yoet. >^ 
 
 [Bai/ham Township, in the County of Middlesex, lies between 
 Malahide and Houghton. 2nd Edition. From one of the titles of 
 Lord Camden, who was Viscount Bayliam as well as Earl Camden.] 
 
 Bearded Island, in the River St. Lawrence, above Lake St. 
 Francis. 
 
 Beauharnois Isle, in the north-easterly part of Lake Superior, not 
 a great way from the shore, and eastward of Isle Hocquart. 
 
 Beaver Creek rises in the townsliip of Caistor, and running 
 through part of Gainsborough, emi^ties itself into the Welland, to 
 which river it runs close and nearly parallel for almost four miles, 
 before it discharges itself into the river. 
 
 Beaver Creek, in the township of Humbcrstone, runs into Lake 
 Erie, west of Row's Point. 
 
 Beaver Creek runs into Lake Superior, on the noi^th side, between 
 River Aupie and River Rouge. 
 
 Beaver River empties itself into the Narrows a little l)olow the 
 Falls of St. Mary, running from north to south. 
 
 [^Bedford Towmhip, in the County of Frontouac, to the north 
 of Loughborough and Pittsburg and east of Hinchinbroke. 2nd 
 Edition.] 
 
 Belle River runs into Lake St. Clair, to the eastward of River 
 aux P|ices, and is navigable for boats some way uj). 
 
 Bertie Township is on the west side of Niagam I'iver, in the 
 County of Lincoln; it lies south of Willonghby, and opon to Liike 
 Eiie. [From the family name of the Earls of Lindsey.] 
 
 Beverly Township, in the West Riding of the County of York, 
 lies west of Flamborough, and opposite to Dundas Street. [From 
 Beverley, a borough and market-town in tlio East Riding of York, 
 in England, famous for its Minster, founded by King Athelstan.] 
 
 Biche, Marais il la, emjjties itself into Lake Ontario at the north- 
 east part of the township of Grantham. [Biche = Hind.] 
 
tt 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 169 
 
 Binhrook Township, in the County of Lincoln, is situated between 
 Saltfleet, Glanilford and Caistor. [From Binbi'ook, an ancient 
 market-town of Lincolnshire, England.] 
 
 Black Baij, on the north shore of Lake Superior, lies a little east 
 of Isle de Minette and west of Shanguenac. [Elsewhere in this 
 Gazetteer, Isle de Afinatte.^ 
 
 Black Creek, in the County of Lincoln, discharges itself into the 
 River Niagara, in the township of Willoughby, some miles above 
 Chippewa. 
 
 Blandfonl Townsli'ip, in tluj West Riding of the County of York, 
 lies to the northward of Dundas Street, opposite to Oxford, and is 
 washed by the Thames. [From Blandford, an ancient town in 
 Dorsetshire, which gave the title of Marquis to John Churchill, 
 the great Duke of Marlborough.] 
 
 Blenheim Township, in the West Riding of the County of York, 
 lies to the northward of Duiidas Street, ojjposite Biirford. [Blen- 
 heim is the name of the palace at Woodstock, presented by the 
 nation to the drst Duke of Marlborough.] 
 
 Block Toionsldp : See Binbrook. 
 
 Bodct, PoiiUe an, on the north shore of Lake St. Francis, is in 
 Monsieur do Longueil's siiigniory, and a little to the east of the 
 cove, in which is the boundary between the provinces of Upper and 
 Lower Canada. [In Bouchette's books, this is Pointe au Biaudet. 
 Trestle-point/] 
 
 Bodet, Hirer an, runs tlirough part of the township of Lancaster, 
 and empties itstilf into Lake St. Francis, east of Pointe au Bodct. 
 
 Bois Blanc Island. — This island lies east of Rocky Island (in the 
 strait between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair), but a little lower 
 down and close in with the east shore : it contains from 150 to 200 
 acres of good laud, V»ut little or no marsh : it is covered with wood, 
 chiefly white wood, and is not as yet improved. The common ship 
 channel is between it aiul the east shore, which is muTow, and forms 
 the best harbour in this country. From the situation of this island, 
 it entirely commands the Detroit rivor from Lake Erie ; at its 
 upper end aj)poar to be good situations for water-mills. A wider 
 ship clianuol is on the west sid(5 of tlie island, but not so much 
 frecpiented. The garrison of Andicrstburgh being on the east shore, 
 in Maiden, furnishes a small detachment to Bois Blanc. 
 
 Bonne (Jhcre, Riviire do la, runs into the Ottawa river, above the 
 River Matavaaschie, west of the Ridcau. 
 
 -1 , 
 
 I 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 ill 
 
 li 
 
170 
 
 CANAmAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 I i 
 
 Boioen's Creek runs into the Bay of Quints just below the Mohawk 
 settlement, and near to John's Island. 
 
 Brant's Village, or the Mohawk Village, Grand river. [Now 
 Brantford.] 
 
 Bristol, now called the townshiji of Darlington. 
 
 Burford Township, in the Western District, lies between Dindham 
 and Dundas Street. [From Burford, a mai'ket-town in Oxfordshire.] 
 
 Burgess Township lies to the northward of the township of Bastard. 
 [From a Devonshire family so named.] 
 
 0. 
 
 Cabot's Head is a very lai-ge promontory running into Lake 
 Huron, west of Gloucester or Matchedash Bay, and embays a large 
 part of that lake at its easternmost extremity, stretching itself 
 towards the Manitou Islands. [From Sebastian Cabot, discoverer 
 of Newfoundland, 1497.] 
 
 Gaistor Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies between Binbrook 
 and Gainsborough, and is watered by the River ^Wellaud. [Caistor 
 is an ancient market-town in the English County of Lincoln : a 
 Roman ». j,mp or Castra.^ 
 
 [Caledonia Township, in the County of Prescott, is on the south, 
 and in the rear of Longueuil's seigniory, ascending the Ottawa or 
 Grand river. 2nd Edition.] 
 
 [Calumet, Grand, on the Ottawa river, on the south side, above 
 the Portage de Montagne.] 
 
 Calumet, Pointe au, on Lake Superior, ou the north shore, the 
 first point Avest of River du Chene, betwetjn which places the coast, 
 consisting of perpendicular rocks, is dangtnxjus. 
 
 Cambridge Township, in the County of Stormont, lies to the south, 
 and in the roar of Clarence. [So named in honour of tlio Duke of 
 CamV)ridge.] 
 
 Camden East, the township of, in the Midland District, lies 
 northerly of Ernest-town. 
 
 Camden Township, in the County of Kent, called also Camden 
 West, lies on the north side of the River Thames, opposite to Howiird. 
 [From Lord Camden, successively Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 
 and Lord High Chancellor of England, temj). George III.] 
 
 Canada, or the Province of Quebec. By the Royal Proclamation 
 of the seventh of October, 17G3, this province was bounded ou tho 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 171 
 
 east by tlie River St. John, and from thence, by a line drawn from 
 the head of that river, through Lake St. John, to the south end of 
 Lake Nipissing ; from whence the line, crossing the River St. Law- 
 rence and liake Champlain in the 45th parallel of North latitude, 
 passes along the high lands wliich divide the rivers that empty them- 
 selves into the River St. Ijawrence, from those which fall into the 
 sea ; and also along the north coast of the Bayo de Chaleurs, and 
 the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Rosiers ; and from 
 thence, crossing the mouth of the River St. Lawrence, by the west 
 end of the island of Anticosti, terminates at the River St. John. 
 
 An Act of Parliament, passed in 1774, htis removed the northern 
 and western limits of the province of Quebec, adding to its juris- 
 diction all the lands coni])rised between the northern bounds of New 
 York, the western line of Pennsylvania, the Ohio, the Mississippi, 
 and the southern boundaries of Hudson's Bay Company. [The name 
 Canada originated in a mistake of the first French navigators of the 
 St. Lawrence. The natives along the river, on visiting the newly- 
 arrived strangers, would point to their encampment or village on the 
 shore, using often the word Kanata, i.e. huts or village. The French, 
 with their Eui-oi)ean notions, took the word to be a territorial desig- 
 nation. Jacques Cartier imagined that the name was applied to the 
 district extending from -the Isle des Coudres to a point some distance 
 above the site of Quebec ; while he gathered, probably in a like 
 fallacious manner, that the country below was called by the natives 
 Sdyuemiy ; and also that thoy called the country above, llochelaga. 
 It is, however, certain that the early natives of the country were not 
 in the habit of thus g ■nei-alizing geographically. The e.x;[)ression3 
 which they used to designate particular localities were for the most 
 part rough di^scriptions, simj)ly for convenience of discrimination 
 and recollection in their hunting or wai-like excursion'^. Like other 
 primitive people, tluy were accustomed to give collective naines to 
 grouj)s of men, but not to extensive ai'oas. — The application of the 
 nanu^ Canada by degrees to wider and wider spaces, until now it 
 Clivers half the North American Continent, is curious ; but it is 
 simply a repetition of what has happened in the case of the geogra- 
 phical terms Italy, (Jukicck, Hkllas, Africa and Asia, each of 
 which denoted, at the outset, a local region of narrow limits.] 
 
 Caiuufa, Upper, eomnu>iices at a stone boundary on the north bank 
 of the Lake St. Francis, at the cove west of Pointo au Bodet, in the 
 
172 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 ' 
 
 } 
 
 limit between the township of Lancaster and the seigniory of New 
 Longueil, running along the said limit in the direction of North 34 
 degrees West, to the westernmost angle of the seigniory of New 
 Longueil. [The error of Longueil for Longueuil occurs elsewhere 
 in this Gazetteer. A like want of precision is observable in the 
 orthography of other names.] Thence along the north-western 
 boundary of the seigniory of Vaudr'^uil, ininning north 25 degrees 
 east, until it strikes the Ottawa river, and ascends by it into Lake 
 Tomiscaming ; and from the head of that lake by a line drawn 
 due north, until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson's Bay, in- 
 cluding all the territory to the westwai'd and southward of the 
 said line, to the utmost extent of the country known by the name of 
 Canada. 
 
 This province was divided into nineteen counties by proclamation, 
 the IGth of July, 1792, viz: "Addington, Dundas, Durham, Essex, 
 Frontenac, Glengary, Gi-enville, Hastings, Kent, Leeds, Lenox, 
 Lincoln, Norfolk, Noi-thumberland, Ontario, Prince Edward, Stor- 
 mont, Suffolk, York." They send sixteen representatives to the 
 provincial parliament. [In the edition of 1813, the last paragraph 
 reads thus: "This province is divided into districts, counties and 
 townships. The counties send 25 representatives to the i)rovincial 
 parliament."] 
 
 Canard's Ploer empties itself into the Detroit river, at the Huron 
 cornfields, somewhat below Fi^:'.tiug Island. About four miles up 
 this river are excellent mill-seats, to which loaded boats can go. 
 There is a fine limestone quarry in the rear of the cornfields, nearly 
 in the centre of the Huron reserve. [Now Canard river.] 
 
 Cardinal, Pointe au, on the liiver St. Lawrence, lower down than 
 Point Gallo, iu Edwardsburgh. [Point Gallo means Pointe au Gallop, 
 as given subsequently.] 
 
 Canise Island, in the north-east part of liake Simcoe. [This island 
 retains its name. Perhaps it is from the Irish St. Canicc.] 
 
 CarletoH Island lies near to Grand Island, opposite to Kingston, 
 and nearest the south shore, where Lake Ontario descends into tlio 
 St. Lawi'once. Kingston garrison furnishes a dntachment to this 
 place. [From Gen. Carleton, afterwards Loi'd Dorcliester.] 
 
 Carrihon Island, in Muddy Lake, between Kocky Point and 
 Frying Pan Island. [This Muddy Lake is stated below to be situated 
 between Lake Huron and Lake George.] 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 J 
 r 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 173 
 
 I 
 
 Castle Point, in Traverse Bay, Lake Ontario, lies between Tower 
 Point and Point Traverse. [This Traverse Bay is in Marysburgh, 
 Prince Edward County.] 
 
 Cat Islaivl, or Isle au Chat, in the lliver St. Lawrence. 
 
 Cataraqid, now called Kingston. [Cataraqui=Rock3 above water.] 
 
 Cntaraqni, Petit, nearly in the centi'o of the township of Kingston, 
 opposite to Isle la Forets. 
 
 Gataraqui, Ide de Petite, off the north part of Isle la Foret, oppo- 
 site to the township of Kingston. 
 
 Catfish Creek, or River h, la Chaudii^re, or Kettle Creek. [Augustus 
 Jones gives the Indian name as Maunemack-sippi — Large Catfish 
 river.] 
 
 Catfish Island lies at the west end of Long Ileach in the Bay of 
 Quinto. 
 
 Cauchois Isle, now called Howe Island, by proclamation, the 16th 
 July, 1792. 
 
 Cedar Creek runs into Lake Erie, near the east end of the two 
 connected townships, and is sometimes called Cedar river. 
 
 Cedar Island, a little below Kingston, lies off the mouth of 
 Hamilton Cove, is rocky and not fit for cultivation. 
 
 Cedres, Petite Isle aux : Seo Cedar Island. 
 
 Celeron Isle lies at the entrance of Detroit river, a little south of 
 Grosse Isle. Is sniall and unimproved. [Fj . m M. de Celeron, a 
 French military officer in Canada in 1752.] 
 
 Charlotlenhm'ijh, the township of, is on the River St. Lawrence, and 
 in the County of Glengary, belag the second township in ascending. 
 [A comi)liniPut to Queen Ciiarlotte ; so also the following.] 
 
 Charlotteville Township, in the County of Norfolk, lies west of 
 Woodhoust!, and fronts Long Point bay. 
 
 Charron Hirer empties itself into Like Superior, on the north- 
 east shore, to the northward of River de Montreal. 
 
 Chasse, liivihre de la Belle, runs into the River St. Lawrence, 
 about two miles below Isle Rai)id Plat. 
 
 Chat Lake is part of the Ottawa river, above Lake Chauditire, 
 and ratlun- less. 
 
 Ghat, Isle an, in the River St. Lawrence, opposite to the township 
 of Osnabruck, contains from 100 to 150 acres. The soil is good. 
 
 Chatham Township, in the County of Kent, lies to the northward 
 of the Thames, opposite Harwich. 
 
 I 
 
 ;'! ! 
 
 i I' 
 
174 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Chaudiire Falls, on the Ottawa River, 36 feet high. They are a 
 little above the mouth of the River Rideau, and below Lake Chau- 
 di6re. [Chaudi^re == Caldron. ] 
 
 Chaudllre Lake in formed by the widening of the Ottawa river, 
 above the mouth of the River Rideau, and below Lake Chat. 
 
 Chaudiire, liivihre d, la, or Catfish Creek, runs into Lake Erie, 
 west of Long Point. 
 
 Chehoutequion is one of the lakes on the communication between 
 Lake Siuiooe and the Rice Lake. [This is the Shebaughtickwyong 
 of Owen's Map. In Baraga, Tchibaiatig is a Cross : litox-ally wood 
 of the dead ; i. e., wood to be placed on a grave. But the word 
 given by later Otchipway authority is Shebahtahgwayong=Full of 
 Channels. The present name is Buckhorn Lake.] 
 
 Chemd Ecarti, Isle de, in the Ri\er St. Lawrence, opposite the 
 township of Cornwall, contains from seven to eight hundred acres : 
 the soil is good. 
 
 Cheiial EcarU River runs nearly parallel to the River Thames, 
 and empties itself at the entrance of River St. Clair into Lake St. 
 Clair. [Cheiial Ecartt'=Disused, discarded channel.] 
 
 Chene, Isle du, in Lake Ontario, lies oft" the easterly shore of 
 Marysburgh, and close to the land. [Cl)ene=:Oak.] 
 
 Chtue, Fobde an, on the River St. Lawrence, lies ea^t of River 
 de la Ti'averse, and neui'ly opj)osito to St. Regis. 
 
 Chene, Portage du, on the Ottawa River, immediately below Lake 
 Chaudiore. 
 
 Chene, Riviere da, runs into the Bay of Michipicoten, Lake 
 Superior, west of River Michipicoten. 
 
 Clieveaux, Polnte an, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, and to 
 the eastward of River Ganaraskee. [Cheveaux, i)erhaps for chevaux 
 =Horses. Ganani8kee=Smith's Creek at Port Hojie.] 
 
 Chippewa Creek, (or Chipeweigh river,) called the Welland, by 
 proclamation, the IGth of July, 1792, discharges itself into the River 
 Niagara, a little above the great falls : it is a fine canal, without 
 falls, of forty miles in length. [The original j)ronuuciation of the 
 final a was a;/ : as is shewn by Baraga's Otchipw6. A. Jones givea 
 the name of Chippewa Creek as Chonotauch ; but he omits the 
 interpretation.] 
 
 Claies, Lake atuc, now Ltike Simcoo, is situated between Yoi'k and 
 Gloucester bay, on Lake Huron : it has a few small islands and 
 

 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 175 
 
 several good harbours : a vessel is now biiikling for the purpose of 
 facilitating the coinmunication by that route. [Claies:=: Hurdles or 
 Wattle-work, perha})s used in the capture of fish.] 
 
 Clarence Township, in the County of Stormont, is the fifth town- 
 ship as you ascend the Ottawa river. [Clarence, from the Duke of 
 Clarence, afterwards William IV.] 
 
 Clarke Township, in the CJouuty of Durham, lies to the west of 
 Hope, and fronts Lake Ontario. [Clarke, from Gen, Sir Alured 
 Clarke : See Art. Alured.^^ 
 
 Clinton Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies west of Louth, 
 and fronts Lake Ontario. [From Gen. Sir Henry Clinton.] 
 
 Cochela, an island in Lake Huron, lying between the south-easterly 
 end of the Manitou Islands, and the north main. [Probably 
 in the manuscript from which the Gazetteer was printed, tliis was 
 Cloche la, that is Isle la Cloche. In several other instances it is 
 eviileht that errors have arisen in these pages from misreading the 
 "copy."] 
 
 Cochon, Isle au, a small island between Kingston, Gage Island, 
 and Wolfe Island ; nearest to the latter. 
 
 Colchester Township, in the County of Essex, is situated upon Lake 
 Erie, and lies between Maiden and Gosfield. 
 
 Cooke's Bay, on the south side of Lake Simcoe. Holland's river 
 discharges itself into the head of this bay. [From Capt. Cook, the 
 circiimna vigator. ] 
 
 Coote's Paradise, is a large marsh lying within Burlington bay, and 
 abounding in game. [From Ca[)t. Cooto of the 8th regiment, a keen 
 sportsman. Among the letters of Mr. Stegman, the early surveyor, 
 preserved in the Crown Lands Department, is the following report 
 of the survey of the village of Coote'a Paradise, addressed to the Hon. 
 D. W. Smith, Esq., Acting Surveyor-General in 1801 : " Sir, — I 
 have the honour to report that in obedience to your instructions 
 bearing date May 1st, 1801, for the survey of the village near Coote's 
 Paradise, I have executed the same agreeable to the sketch received 
 from the Surveyor-General's office : that Dundas street has been my 
 principal guide, in conformity to which the survey is performed : the 
 river and north branch have V)een carefully scaled, and particular notice 
 taken of all other small creeks and their coui-ses, together with the 
 real situation within the limits of the survey, &c." The village here 
 projected is the present Dundas.] 
 
 I 
 
 ! ; 
 
 il 
 
 li' 
 
I • !' 
 
 176 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Coppermine Point, in the east end of Lake Superior, in the vicinity 
 of wliich, some years ago, an attempt was made to dig for copper ore, 
 but soon after abandoned. Tliis place is nearly north-east and by 
 north from Point Mamonce, and between it and the mouth of the 
 River Montreal. 
 
 Cornwall, the Towiiship of, in the County of Stormont, is situated 
 upon the River St. Lawi'ence, and the third township in ascending 
 the river. [Net from the county, but from an English family name. 
 In Westminster Abbey is a monument to the memory of Capt. James 
 Cornwall, R. N., of Bradwardino Castle, County of Hereford, slain 
 in an engagement v»'ith the French and Spanish Fleets off Toulon, 
 February 12tl), 1743.] 
 
 Cramahe I'ownship, in the County of Northumberland, lies west 
 of Murray, and fronts Lake Ontario. [From the Hon. H. T. 
 Cramahe, Administrator of Canada, 1770-1774.] 
 
 Credai River, or River Credit, <lischarges itself into Lake Ontario, 
 between the head of that lake und York, in the Mississaga territory. 
 It is a great resoi't for these and other Indian tribes, and abounds in 
 fish. [The Indian term was Messenebe=River where credit for 
 purchases is given. In Baraga a debtor is mesinaiged ; a debt, 
 mesinaigewin ; literally, a marking or scoring down. A little book 
 or bill is mesinaigans.] 
 
 Creuse River. Part of the Ottawa river is so called above les 
 Alumets. [Creuse=Hollow, deep.] 
 
 Cria, Big and Little. Two points on the north shore on Lake 
 Superior, east of Isle Grange, and surrounded by islands ; between 
 these points is a noted and safe harbour. [Oris, short for Cristinaux.] 
 
 Crosby Tonmship, lies to the northward of Leeds, and to the west- 
 ward of Bastard. [Two hamlets in Lancashire, 5^ miles from Liver- 
 pool, are called respectively Great and Little Crosby.] 
 
 Crowland Township, lies to the northward of Lincoln, lies west of 
 Willoughby, and is watex'ed by the Welland. [Crowland is an old 
 town in Lincolnshire possessing the remains of a magnificent abbey, 
 and a curious stone bridge bearing a statue of King Ethelbald.] 
 
 Cumberland Township, lies partly in the County of Stormont, and 
 partly in Dundas, and is the sixth township in ascending the Ottawa 
 river. [A compliment, probably, to the Duke of Cumberhmd.] 
 
 Cunningham's Island, is situated at the western end of Lake Erie, 
 Bouth-westerly of the Bass Islands, and southerly of Ship Island. 
 
 ' brd. 
 
 nu^t 
 
 
 <ft^ 
 
CANADIAK LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 D. 
 
 177 
 
 Darling Island, the larger of two islands in the entrance of Lake 
 Simcoo. [Known at the present time us Snake Island, from Chief 
 John Snake, who lived there.] 
 
 Ddrlington Township, in the County of Durham, lies to the west 
 of Clarko, and fronts upon Lake Ontario. [From Darlington in the 
 English County of Durham.] 
 
 Delaware Township, in the County of Suftblk, lies on the east side 
 of the liiver Thames, on the })lains above the Delaware village of 
 Indians. [From the Indian tribe of Delawares who migrated to 
 Canada with the Five Nations or Iroquois in 1783. The native 
 name of the Delaware Indians was Lennilenapee= Original People.] 
 
 Dereham Township, in the County of Norfolk, lies to the west of 
 and adjoining to, Norwich. [From Market Dereham in Norfolk, in' 
 the ancient church of which place the poet Cowper was buried in 
 1800.] 
 
 Detour, the entrance into liake Huron from Muddy Lake, to the 
 south and west of St. Joseph's Island. 
 
 Detour, on the north shore of Lake Huron, lies a little to the east 
 of the Isles au Serpent. 
 
 Detour, Point, is on the west main, in the strait made by St. 
 Joseph's Island, leading from Muddy Lake to Lake Huron. 
 
 Detroit is in about 42 degrees 38 minutes of north latitude, and 
 81 degrees 40 minutes of west longitude. The French call it Fort 
 Pontchartrain. It has accommodation for a regiment, and it consists 
 of three parts ; the town, the citadel, and Fort Lanoult. [The xiso 
 of Detroit, Strait, as the name of a town is an instance of the con- 
 version of a common into a proper noun. Thus Stamboul, for 
 Constantinople, conveys the idea simply of "the City," from a cor- 
 rupt modern Greek expression. The situation of Detroit somewhat 
 resembles that of Constantinople. The Otchipway for this locality 
 is Wawcatunong=Tumed Channel.] 
 
 Detroit, Turn of Little, is the easternmost thereof, on the north 
 shore of Lake Suj)erior. 
 
 Detroit, Little, on the north coast of Lake Superior, west of Isle 
 Grange. 
 
 Detroit, Petit, in the Upper St. Lawrence. See the narrows of 
 Escott. 
 
 Detroit, le Petit, on the Ottawa river, is below the upper main 
 forks of the Ottawa river. 
 
 «^ 
 
178 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Liable, Isles au, in the River St. Lawrence, lie between the Isle 
 nu Long Sault and the township of Osnubruck. 
 
 Don Jiiver, in the East Riding of the County of York, dis- 
 charges itself into York harbour. [Hnrvoyor Jones notes that tlie 
 native designation of the Don was Wonscotiteouach=I»aek Rurnt 
 Groinids, i.e., the Poplar Plains to the north, occasionally overran 
 with fire.] 
 
 Dorchester Motmt, is that ridge of mountain running through the 
 County of Lincoln, parallel to LaKe Outar; j, and is supposed to be a 
 spur of the Allaghany. [At the present d.ay, Queenston Heights 
 and the " Mountain" generally, to Hamilton.] 
 
 Dorchester Totv/is/up, in the County of Norfolk, lies west of, nnd 
 adjoining to, Dereham, fronting tlie River Thames. [A compliment 
 to Loi'd Dorchester, i.e. Sir Guy Carleton. There is a Dorchester in 
 Dorsetshire and another in Oxfordshire — both, as indicated by 
 " Chester," ancient Roman fortified stations ; the former named 
 Durnovaria; the latter Civitas Dorcinia.] 
 
 Dover I'owtishij), in the County of Kent, lies on the north side of 
 the Thames, opposite to Raleigh. 
 
 Dublin, now called the township of York : which see. [It is 
 difficult to conceive what the genius loci of Toronto would have been, 
 had the name Dublin continued to be attached to the locality.] 
 
 Dubois, Lac, lies between 98 and 100 degrees west longitude from 
 Greenwich, and between the 48th and 50th imrallels of north latitude : 
 it lies to the westward of Lake la Pluie, and receives the waters of 
 that lake by River la Pluie, which are carried off again by the River 
 Winipique into the great Lake Winitapa or Winipicpie, and from 
 thence into Hudson's Ray. This lake contains some islands : it has 
 also a back communication with Lake la Pluie, to the northward, by 
 inferior streams. [Lake of the Woods.] 
 
 Duck Cove, on Lake Ontario, in Marysburgh, on the east shore, 
 between Isle du Chene and Tower Point. 
 
 Duck Islands, called the Real Ducks, in Lake Ontario, lie between 
 Wolfe Island and Point Travei-se. 
 
 Duck Islands, in Lake Ontario, lie off Point Travei'se, and north- 
 easterly of it, not far from the Point. There arc called the False 
 Ducks. 
 
 Duck Islands, are situated between Muddy Lake and Lake Huron, 
 southerly and easterly of St. Joseph's Island. 
 
 
 i 
 
"^ 
 
 i'i 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL niSTORT. 
 
 879 
 
 Duck Point, on Lake Ontario, in the to^vnship of Miirray, is the 
 first point west of the portage that leads from the head of the Bay of 
 Quints to tlie lake. 
 
 DufftiCs Creek runs into Lake Ontario, in the township of Picker- 
 ing (east of the livor of Easy P^ntrancc), and Ls remarkable for the 
 quantity of salmon which resort to it. [From the name of an early 
 trader or settler. A. Jones says this stream was designated by the 
 natives, Sinquati(!kdo{piioch=Puiewood running alongside.] 
 
 DunJas County is bounded on the east by the County of Stormont, 
 on the south by the Eiver St. Lawi-ence, and on the west by the 
 easternmost boundary line of the kite township of Edwardsburgh, 
 running north 24 degrees west, until it intersects the Ottawa or 
 Grand river ; thence descending that river until it meets the north- 
 westernmost boundary of the County of. Stormont. The County of 
 Dundas comprehends all the islands near it in the River St. Lawrence. 
 The boundaries of this county were established by proclamation the 
 16th July, 1792. It sends one representative to the j)rovincial par- 
 liament. [From the Right Hon. Heruy Dundas, Secretary of State 
 for the Colonies in 17DI.] 
 
 Dunwich Tow)iship, in the County of Suffolk, lies to the west of 
 Southwold, having the River Thames for its noi-th, and Lake Erie for 
 its south boundary. [Viscount Dunwich is one of the titles of the 
 Earl of Stradbroke, Avhose family name is Rous.] 
 
 Durham Count ij is bounded on the east by the County of Nor- 
 thumberland ; on the south by Lake Ontario, until it meets the 
 westernmost point of Long Beach ; thence by a line running north 
 16 degrees west, until it intersects the southern boundary of a tract 
 of land belongitig to the IVl i.ssissaga Indians, and thence along the said 
 tract, parallel to Lake Ontario, until it meets the north-westernmost 
 boundary of the County of Northumberland. The boundaries of this 
 county were established by proclamation the 16th July, 1792. It 
 sends, in conjunction Avith the County of York, and the first I'iding 
 of the County of Lincoln, one representative to the provincial 
 parliament. 
 
 Dyer 8 Inland, in the head of the Bay of Quints, lies to the east- 
 ward of Mississaga Island. [Now Grape Island.] 
 
 E. 
 East Bay, in Adolphustown, Bay of Quints, is where the forks of 
 the north channel open, descending south-westerly from Hay Bay. 
 
 I 
 
ii 
 
 380 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL niSTOnY. 
 
 East Lake lies between the townshiiis of Maryal)urgh and i^ophias- 
 burgh, immediately to the nortli-cast of little Sunday Bay, on Lake 
 Ontario. 
 
 Eastern District, The, was originally constituted and erected into a 
 district by the name of the District of Lunenburgh, in the province 
 of Qxiebec, by His Excellency Lord Dorchester's proclamation of the 
 24th July, 1788, and was taken princi[)ally off the west end of the 
 District of Montreal. It received its present name by an Act of 
 the provincial legislature ; it is bounded easterly by the province of 
 Lower Canada ; southerly by the Kiver St. Lawrence ; northerly by 
 the Ottawa river ; and westerly by a mei-idian passing through the 
 mouth of the Gananoque river, in the township of Leeds. 
 
 Ecws, Grand, the high lands to the eastward of York. [Ecors-= 
 Cliffs in escarpments, in Old French. At the present day Sciir- 
 borough Heights.] 
 
 Ecors, Petit, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, east o. k^salraon 
 river, and between it and River Ganaraska. [Salmon river is pro- 
 bably the Highland Creek for which, according to A. Jones, the 
 expression was, Y-at-qui-i-bi-uo-nick=A Creek comes out under the 
 Highlands.] 
 
 Edinburgh, now called the township of Pickering: which see. 
 
 Edivardsburg Township, in the County of Grenville, is the seventh 
 township in ascending the River St. Lawrence. [A compliment to 
 Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.] 
 
 Elbow Island, in the north-westerly jiart of Lake Superior, lies to 
 the north-east of the Grand Portage, and westerly of Isle Maurepas. 
 
 Elizabeth Town, the township of, in the County of Leeds, is the 
 ninth township in ascending the River St. Lawrence, [Compliment 
 to the Princess Elizabeth.] 
 
 Elmsley Township, in the Eastern District, lies to the south, and 
 in the rear of Cumberland. [From Elmsley, Chief Jiistice of Lower 
 Canada in 1802.] 
 
 Epingles, les, on the south-west branch of the Ottawa River, about 
 the main or Upper Forks, between Portage h, la Rose and Portage 
 Paresseux, but nearer to the latter ; it is nearly halfway from the 
 fork to the Lake I^ipissing Portage. [Epingles=:pins. Comp. The 
 Needles, off the Isle of Wight.] 
 
 Erie, Fort, in the township of Bertie, is in about 42 degrees, 53 
 .minutes, and 17 seconds of north latitude. It has a barrack for 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL IlISTOHY. 
 
 381 
 
 troops and a blockhouse. Lake Erie narrows hero into the strait 
 which carries tho waters over the groat Falls of Niagara : there is a 
 good harbour hero for vessels of any size. 
 
 Ernest Town, tho townsliip of, in the Midland District, is the first 
 township abovo Kingston, sheltered from Lake Ontario by Amherst 
 IsUind, whicli lies in its front. [Compliment to Prince Ernest 
 Augustus, Duke of Cumbcrhind.] 
 
 Ksaex Count!/ is boundod on the east by the County of Suffolk ; 
 on the south by Lake Erie ; on tho west by the River Detroit to 
 Maisonvillo's Mill ; from thonco by a line running i>arallel to the 
 River Dotroit and Liko St. Clair, at the distance of four miles, until 
 it moots tho River La Tranche or Thames, and thence up the said 
 river to tho north-wost boundary of the County of Suffolk. The 
 boundaries of this county were established by proclamation, the IGth 
 July, 17!)2. It sends, in conjunction with the County of Suffolk, 
 one representative to the provincial parliament. 
 
 Etobkoke Toiomhip, in tho East Riding of the County of York, 
 lies to tho westward of tho township of York, and has been selected 
 for tho settlement of tho corps of Queen's Rangers, after they shall 
 be discharged. [A. Jones gives the word as Atobicoake= Black 
 Alder Creek.] 
 
 Eturgeon Lac : sec Stxirgeon Lake. 
 
 Falls of Niagara. A stupendous cataract in the River Niagara, 
 a little below whore the River Welland or Chippewa joins the waters 
 of the lakes. [Onoawgara is Mohawk for Neck. It denotes tho 
 •whole of the channel from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The nasal o 
 has been lost from tho beginning of the word, as in Chippewa for 
 Otchipway and other words. A. Jones gives the Otchipway expres- 
 sion for the Niagara as Y-on-noake-sippi=Whirlpool river.] 
 
 Falls, Great, on tho River Petite Nation. 
 
 Falls, Long : see tho Long Sault. 
 
 Fighting Island, called by the French Grose Isle aux Dindes, lies 
 about four miles below Detroit .; it is valuable for pasture, but has 
 very little wood : the Indians in the summer make it a place of 
 encampment, and some of them plant a little corn : there is no other 
 improvement on it. On the uppermost end of the island are vestiges 
 of intrenchments, from behind the breafctwork of which the Indiana 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 

 382 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTOnT. 
 
 annoyed the British shipping as they passed, sliortly after the reduc- 
 tion of Detroit. [See Parkmtin's Conspiracy of Pontiac, p. 252.] 
 
 Finch Township, in the County of Stormont, lies in the roar, and 
 to the westward of Osnabruck. [Probably from Ileneage Finch, 
 fourth Earl of Aylesford, Lord Steward of the Household, temp. 
 Geo. Ill] 
 
 Flat Islands, lie towards the west end of the Manitou I.slands, and 
 open to the Straits of Michiliinackiiiac upon Lake Huron. 
 
 Flamborough Tvwnship, distinguished by East and West Flam- 
 borough, in the West Riding of the County of York, lies west of the 
 Mississaga lands, and fronts Dundas stieet. [Flamborough Head in 
 Yorkshire, England, forms the northerly side of Bridlington or Bur- 
 lington Bay.] ' 
 
 Foin, Point au, in the River St. Lawrence, the first above River 
 h, la vielle Galette, in Edwardsburgh. [Foin=Hay.] 
 
 Force, Isle de la, a very small island ofl' the south-west point of 
 Isle Tonti. 
 
 Foreland, North, (formerly called Long Point,) on Lake Erie : 
 which see. 
 
 Foreland, South, (formerly called Point Pel6,) on the north shore 
 of Lake Erie, west of Landguard. There is ■ lod anchorage for 
 vessels on either side of the point, which run out a considerable 
 distance, but the best is on the east side, in clay bottom. Near the 
 extremity of the point, and on the east side, is a pond, where boats 
 in general may enter, and be secure from most winds. A long reef 
 rvns out from the point. [The French name has prevailed.] 
 
 Fortt, Isle au, now called Gage Island by proclamation, 1 6th 
 July, 1792. See Gage Island. 
 
 Forit, Isle la. See Isle la Force. 
 
 Forks of the Bay of Quintd, where the East Bay unites with the 
 North Channel, a little to the northward of Grand Bay. 
 
 Fort Amherst. See Amherstburgh. 
 
 Fort George : the military post and garrison now building on the 
 heights abo>e Navy Hall, at the entrance of Niagara river, in the 
 township of Newark, in the County of Lincoln. [In the edition of 
 1813 the words " now building" arc omitted. This fort took the 
 place of the French fort on the opposite side of the river, relinquished 
 to the United States in 1796.] 
 
 Francis Island is in the north part of Lake Simcoo. 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 383 
 
 r 
 
 Francis, Lake St., is that part of the River St. Lawrence, which, 
 widening above the Coteau de Lac, loses its current and becomes a 
 long and narrow lake. 
 
 Francois River runs south-west from Lake Nipissing into Lake 
 iluron ; it has sevei-al portages : that nearest to Lake Ni pissing is 
 called Portage do Trois Chaudiers, in length about half a mile. 
 [French river. Francois, old French for Fran^ais.] 
 
 Frederick Point is on the cast side of Kingston harbour, and on 
 the west side of Haldimand Cov^e, which is made by it and Point 
 Henry. [From the name of the Duke of York.] 
 
 Frcdcrickaburgh Tuwnsliip, in the County of Lenox, lies to the 
 west of P]rncst Town, in the Bay of Quiute. 
 
 French River. See River Frangois. 
 
 Frenchman^ a Creek, in the County of Lincoln, discharges itself into 
 the River Niagara, in the townsliip of Bertie, a few miles below Fort 
 Erie. 
 
 Frenchman s River, or Froiu^li river, or River Francois. 
 
 Frontenac Count;/, is bounded on the east by the County of Leeds; 
 on the south by Lake Ontario ; on tho west by the township of 
 Ernest Town, running Jioi-th 24 degrees west, until it intersects tho 
 Ottawa or Crand River; and thence descending that river until it 
 meets tho north-wosternTnost boundary of the County of Leeds. The 
 boundaiios of tliis county wore established by Proclamation the 16th 
 July, 1792. It sends, in conjunction with the County of Leeds, one 
 representative to the provincial parliament. [From Louis de Buade, 
 Count of Fnmtenac, Governor-General of Canada, 1G72-1682, and 
 again l(iS!.)--l(iI)S.] 
 
 Frontenac Fort, now eomprohendod within the Town of Kingston, 
 Ls just to be discovered from its remains, and an old fosse near the 
 present barracks. 
 
 Frijin<j-Pun Island, in Muddy Lake, to the northward of Point de 
 
 Tour. 
 
 G. 
 
 Ca(je Island, li(^s off Kingston, in TiJiko Ontario, between Amherst 
 Island and Wolfo Island. [From (»eneral Gage, successor of Am- 
 herst, as Comuiaudor in-chief of tho British Forces in North Amer- 
 ica, in 1 703. Its French name was Isle au Foret.] 
 
 Gainsborough Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies between 
 Polham ami (Jaistor, and fronts the Welland. [From Gainsborough 
 in Lincolnshire.] 
 
384 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Galette, on the River St. Lawrence, in Edwardsburgh, 
 
 Galette, Eivihre d la vielle, runs into the River St. Lawrence above 
 Isle J^'ort Levi. [Galette = Broad thin cake.] 
 
 Gallop, Point au, on the north sliore of the River St. Lawrence, 
 just below Hospital Island, in Edwardsburgh. 
 
 Galloos, les, or Gallops, on the River St. Lawrence, are the Rapids 
 off Pointe Galloppe in Edwardsburgh. 
 
 Gananoqui River discharges itself into the River St. Lawrence, in 
 the Township of Iif^eds. As high as the first i-apid the shore is bold, 
 and the water deep ; there is an excellent harbour in the mouth of 
 the river; the water is from 12 to 15 feet deep in the channel, and 
 the current is very slow. This river was called the Thames before 
 the division of the Province of Quebec. [Gananoqui = Place of resi- 
 dence.] 
 
 Ganarasha River, by some called Pemetescoutiang, runs into Lake 
 Ontario on the north shore, eastward of the Petit Ecoi*s, and west of 
 Pointe aux Cheveaux. From the mouth of this river is a carrying 
 place of about eleven miles to the Rice Lake, through an excellent 
 country for making a road. [Pauietescoutiang=Higli burnt plains.] 
 
 Geaeter, Isle au, in the River St. Lawrence, lies a little above Isle 
 au Chat. [Geneter=:An implemont used in grooming a horse.] 
 
 Geneva Lake, called Burlington Bay by Proclamation, Kith July, 
 1792. 
 
 George Lake is situated below the Falls of St. Mary, and to the 
 northward of Muddy Lake : it is about 25 miles long, and has very 
 shallow water. 
 
 Gibraltar Point is the western extremity of a sand bank whicli 
 forms the hai-bour of York, and upon which block houses are erected 
 for its defence. [There is a Gibi-alt^ir Point near Wainfleet in the 
 English County of Lincoln.] 
 
 Gla/ii/ord Townsliip, in the County of Lincoln, is situated between 
 Ancaster, Barton, Biubrook, and the Si.v Nations of Indians ; some- 
 times called the Grand River lands. [From Glanfonl in Norfolk.] 
 
 Glasijou) ; now called the township of Scai'borough. 
 
 Glemjary County is bounded on the east by the lino that divides 
 Upper from Lower Canada, on the south by the River St. Lawrence, 
 and on the west by the Township of t'ornwall ; running noitli 24 
 degrees west, until it intersect:] the Ottawa or (J rand Riv(;r, thenco 
 descending the said river until it meets the divisional line aforasaid . 
 
u 
 
 I t 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 385 
 
 Glengary County comprehends all the islands nearest to it in the 
 River St. Lawrence. Tlie boundaries of this County were established 
 by Proclamation the 16th July, 1792; it consists of two Ridings, each 
 of which sends one representative to the Provincial Parliament. 
 [From the name of a Highland Regiment, afterwards disbanded and 
 principally settled here under the auspices of Bishop Alex. McDonell.] 
 
 Gloucester, on Lake Huron, (formerly called Matchedash). 
 
 Gloucester Fort, or Pointe aux Pins, the first point on the north 
 shore in the narrows leading from Lake Sujjerior towards the Falls of 
 St. Mary. [Probably in honour of the Duke of Gloucester, brother of 
 George III.] 
 
 Gloucester Township, in the County of Duiidas, is the seventh 
 townslui) in ascending the Ottawa River : it lies eastward also of, and 
 adjoining, the River Rideau. 
 
 Gori/ontua, a remarkable high" rock on the north shore of Lake 
 Superior, lying at a small distance, and southerly of the point which 
 forms Michipicoten Bay ; to the southwai-d and eastward the rock is 
 hollow with an opening into it. [Given by Capt. Bayfield as Gar- 
 gantua. In a late map, it is Cargantua.] 
 
 Gosjlehl Tuionship, in the County of F]ssex, is situated upon Lake 
 Eric, and lies west of JNIersoa. [From Gosfield Hail, a seat of the 
 Duke of Buckingham's, near Halsted, in Essex.] 
 
 Gower Township lies on the west side of the River Rideau, and is 
 the second township in ascending that river. [Bax'on Gower is one 
 of the titles of the Manjuis of Sutherland.] 
 
 Grand Bay in the Bay of Quinto, lies immediately below the main 
 forks. 
 
 Grand Isle, now called Wolfo Island, by Proclamation, 16th July, 
 1792, is situated between Cataraqui and Carleton Island, where Lake 
 Ontario falls into the St. Lawrence. 
 
 Grand Marsh, in the western distinct, lies in the rear of the 
 parishes of 1' Assomption and Pc^tito Cote, on the Detroit, and com- 
 municates with Jiiike St. Clair opposite to Peach Island, and with the 
 Strait opposite to lighting Island. 
 
 Grand Jklrcr (liake Erie), called the Ouse, by Proclamation, the 
 16th July, 1792, rises in the Mississaga country and running through 
 tlio West Riding of the County of York, divides Lincoln from Nor- 
 folk, and discharges itself into Lake Erie between Wainflect and 
 Rainham. [The Otchipway name was 0-es-8hiii-ne-gun-ing=It 
 
 ■I 
 
 I 
 
 lit' 
 
 li 
 
386 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 / 
 
 washes the timber down and carries away the grass and weeds. A. 
 Jones.] 
 
 Grand, or Ottav;a Ph'er, is tha<( channel which carries the waters 
 of Lake Tamiscainirn,' till they make a junction with those of the St. 
 Lawrence, a little above INIontreal. This river is the northern bound- 
 ary of Upper Canada, and the route which is taken by the Lower 
 Canada traders to the north-west : there are a great many rapids on 
 this communication. 
 
 Grange Isle, near the north shore of Lake Superior, west of tho 
 Cris Points, and in front of Grange Bay. 
 
 Grmuje lliver empties itself into a river of that name on the north 
 shore of Lake Su[)erior west of the Cris. This river leads to Nepigon, 
 a place which was formerly remarkable for furnishing the })est beaver 
 and martin, and was the farthest advanced post of th(3 French traders 
 at the time that (Jreat Britain con(![nei'od Canada. 
 
 Grantham Townsliip, in the County of Lincoln, lies west of Newark, 
 and fronting Lake Ontario. [From (Ji-iintluun, in Lincolnshire.] 
 
 Grasse Bayede on the north shore of Lake Ontario, lies to the east- 
 ward of Point aux Cheveaux. 
 
 Gravel Point, on Lake Ontario, in Maiysburgh, lies between St. 
 Peter's Bay and Point Traverse. 
 
 Graves Inland, in the south-east part of Lake Simcoe. [From 
 Admiral Graves.] 
 
 Gravois, Poiiife an, is the west point of the Little Detroit, on the 
 north-coast of Lake Superior. [Gravois=Rubbish. Probably tho 
 stream by Oakville— IG-niile creek — the Otehipway name of which 
 is given by A. Jones as Ne-.sau-ge-y-onk, without its interpretjttion. 
 It is the same as Nassngawaya, tho name borne by the Township in 
 which the west branch of the IG-mile creek rises. Its Otehipway 
 meaning is "Two Outlets."] >;\ 
 
 Gravois, Rivihre an, in the Mississaga land, in the north shon- of 
 Lake Ontario, runs into that 'ake between Burlington Bay and River 
 au Credai, 
 
 Grand Island, or Grand Isle, in tho River Niagara, is situated in 
 front of the Township of Willoughby and is of considerable size : 
 below it is Navy Island. 
 
 Great Cape, on the north side, where T^ake Superior descends into 
 the narrows of tho Fall St. Mary. [It is now better known by ita 
 French name, Gros Caji.] 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY, 
 
 25 
 
 Oreen Point, in tlie Bay of Quintt', is the north point in Sophias- 
 bnrgh, and liea opposite to John's Island. 
 
 GrcnvUle Count i/ is Itounded on the east by the County of Dundas, 
 on the south by the River St. Lnwrence, and on the west by the 
 Township of Elizabeth town, running north 24 degrees west, until it 
 intersects the Ottr^wa or Grand River ; thenco it descends that river 
 until it meets the north-westernmoiit boundary of the County of 
 Dundas. The County of Grenville comprehends all the islands near 
 to it in the River St. Lawrence. The boundaries of this county were 
 established by Proclamation, 16th July, 1792. It sends one repre- 
 sentative to the Provincial Parliament. [From George Grenville, 
 Secretary of State, 1762.] 
 
 Grei/'s Hi ar empties itself into Lake Simcoe, on the east side. 
 Grimsbij Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies west of Clinton, 
 and fronts Lake Ontario. [From Grimsby, in Lincolnshire.] 
 
 Orosae Isle. This island is situated in the River Detroit, and lies 
 a little way lower down than Grosse Isle aux Dindes, but close to the 
 west shore ; it contains several thousand acres of excellent land, and 
 plenty of good wood, and is in a high state of improvement : a number 
 of farmei's nre settled tliei'e who ))ossess large quantities of cleared 
 land. 
 
 Grosse Isle mix Dindes, called Fighting Island. 
 Grosse, Isle la (so called by the Canadians) is the same as Michili- 
 mackinac. 
 
 Gull Island lies among the Duck Islands, off Point Traverse, in 
 Lake Ontario, and is one of the southernmost of the group. 
 
 Gwillinibnry Toionxhip, in the Home district, lies on Lake Simcoe, 
 where Yongo Street meets Holland's River. [From tJie distinguished 
 Welsh family name Gwillim.] 
 
 
U 
 
[From the " Canadian Journal."} 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 THE FIRST GAZETTEER OF UPPER CANADA. 
 
 WITH ANNOTATIONS, 
 
 BY THE REV. HENRY SCADDINn, D.D. 
 
 JIaldimand Cove is a little to the eastward of Kingston harbour, 
 and made by the Points Frederick and Henry. On the west side of 
 this cove is the King's dockyard, and provision stores, wharf, etc. 
 
 JIaldimand Point. See Point Frederick. 
 
 JIaldimand Townshijj, in the County of Northumberland, lies to 
 the west of Cramah6, .and fronts Lake Ontario. [From Sir Frederick 
 Haldimand, Governor-General of Canada 1778-1785.] 
 
 Ilallowell ToionsMp, in the County of Prince Edward, is a new 
 township formed out of the townships of Marysburgh and Sophias- 
 burgh : it lies at the sr ithern part of the county, open to Lake 
 Onta'-io. [From Benjamin Hallowell, fatlier-in-law of Chief Justice 
 Elmsley.] 
 
 Hamilton Cove, is a little to the east of Haldimand Cove, and 
 separated from it by Point Henry. Cedar Island, is off the mouth of 
 this cove. 
 
 Hamilton Point, the east point, which makes Hamilton Cove, hav- 
 ing Point Henry on the west. 
 
 Hamilton Township, in the County of Northumberland, lies to the 
 westward of Haldimand, ha\'ing Lake Ontario in its fi'ont, and the 
 Rice Lake in its rear. [From Henry Hamilton, Lieut. -Governor of 
 Quebec in 1785.] 
 
 Hare Island lies at the west end of Hay Bay, in the Bay of 
 Quint6. 
 
 Ilarsen^s Island, near the entrance of the River St. Claii*, east of 
 Thompson's island ; it contains near three hundred acres of land fit 
 for culture : the other parts of it are meadow and mai-sh. 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 
 H , 
 
 MM 
 
1 r 
 
 2 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Harioich Toiotiship, in the western district, lies to the west of 
 Howard, having Lake Eiie to the south, and the River Tliames to 
 the north. [From Harwich, a sea port in Essex.] 
 
 Hastings Cotmti/ is bounded on the east by the County of Lenox ; 
 on the south by the Bay of Quintd, until it meets a boundary on the 
 easternmost shore of the River Trent ; thence along the river until it 
 intersects the rear of the ninth concession ; thence by a line running 
 north 16 degrees west, until it interests the Ottawa or Grand River; 
 thence descentling the said river until it meets the north-westernmost 
 boundary of the County of Addington. The county comprehends all 
 the islands near it in the Bay of Quint6 and River Trent. The 
 gi-eater i)ai't of the county fronts the Bay of Quints. The boundaries 
 of this county were established by Proclamation the 16th July, 1792. 
 It sends, in conjunction with the Counties of Northumberland and 
 Lenox (excepting Adolphus-town), one reiwesentative to the Provin- 
 cial Parliament. [From the family name of the Earl of Huntingdon. 
 There is a Huntingdon township in this county. In the second 
 edition, after " south by the Bay of Quints," we read, " and on the 
 wost by the County of Northumberland." After " Lenox" in the 
 closing sentence "excepting Adolphus-town" is inserted.] 
 
 llawkeabury Tomiship, in the County of Glengaiy, lies on the 
 Ottawa River, adjoming to Lower Canada. [From the i)arish of 
 Hawkesbuiy in Gloucestershire.] 
 
 Hay Bay, in the township of Fredericksburgh, running south- 
 westerly into East bay, makes the fork of the north chamiel of the 
 Bay of Quint<5. [Probably from " wild hay." Thus we have Pointe 
 au Foin in Edwardsburg.] 
 
 Henry Point is the east point of Haldimand Cove, which ^s formed 
 by it and Point Frederick on the west. Probably " Heuiy," like 
 " Frederick," was one of the names of Governor Haldimand.] 
 
 Herbes, Pointe aux, on the north shore of Lake St. Francis, lies 
 east of the River aux Raisins. 
 
 Hesse, now called the Western District by an Act of the Provincial 
 Legislature, in the first session. 
 
 Hinchinbroke Township, in the County of Frontenac, to the north 
 of Portland and west of Bedford. Second edition. [Viscount Hinchin- 
 broke is the second title of the Earls of Sandwich.] 
 
 Hog Island, below Peach Island, is situated in the strait of Detroit, 
 where it opens into Lake St. Clair ; the lower end of it is about two 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 miles above Detroit ; it contains about 300 acres of land fit for tillage, 
 and a large quantity of marsh and meadow land. It has some wood 
 on it : the land is low, but valuable for pa-sturage, is rich, improved, 
 and contains about 1,700 statute acres. 
 
 HollamVs River runs from the south-west, and empties itself into 
 Cook's Bay. Lake Simcoe. [From Major Holland, Surveyor-General 
 of the Province of Quebec in 1790.] 
 
 Ilonte District, The, was originally constituted and erected into a 
 district by the name of the District of Nassaix, in the Province of 
 Quebec, by his Excellency Lord Dorchester's Proclamation of the 
 24th of July, 1788. It received its present name by an Act of the 
 Provincial Legislature. It is bounded easterly by a meridian passing 
 thi-ough the mouth of the River Trent ; noi'therly by the Ottawa 
 River into Lake Tamiscaming, and the bounds of the Hudson's Bay 
 Company ; also by part of Lake Hui-on ; westerly by a meridian 
 passing through the eastern extremity of Long Point or the North 
 Foreland ; and southerly by pai-t of Lake Ontario and part of Lake 
 Erie. [The Home District was so named from the fact that York, 
 the seat of the Provincial Government, was situated in it. In the 
 Second Edition, the above reads as follows : It is now bounded 
 eastei'ly by a line running northward from between Whitby and 
 Darlington townships, on the Lake Ontario, to Talbot River, and 
 from thence to Lake Nipissing ; westerly by London District ; and 
 on the south by the District of Niagara and the Lake Ontai'io.] 
 
 Hope Township, in the County of Durham, lies to the west of 
 Hamilton, and fronts Lake Ontario. [From Admiral Sir George 
 Ho])e.] 
 
 7io])e'S Cove, one of the principal hai'bours in the Bass Islands, 
 Lake Erie, close to St. George's Island. 
 
 Uocquart Isle, in Lsike Sujierior, lies southerly of Michipicoten 
 Bay, and northerly of Isle St. Ami. [Probably Maurepaa or Michipi- 
 coten Island. This article is not in the second edition. M. Hoc- 
 quari wa Tiitemlaut at Quebec in 1755.] 
 
 Horn, Cape, is on the east main, at the north end of Muddy Lake, 
 and at the entrance of the strait that leads from Lake George ; to 
 the northward of it, in the strait, are high rocks. 
 
 Hospital Island, in the River 8t. Lawrence, in fi-ont of the tovm- 
 ship of Edwardsburgh, contains about 100 aci-es ; it lies immediately 
 above Point au Gallop. 
 
i 
 
 ,, 
 
 4 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Houghton Township, in the County of Norfolk, lies west of Walsh- 
 ingham and Lake Erie. [On the Lake Erie. Second edition. Many 
 places in England are named Houghton. Three parishes in tJie 
 County of Norfolk are so called. Hough = hill.] 
 
 Howard Township, in the County of Suffolk, lies west of Oxford ; 
 it is watered on the north by the Thames, and on tlie south by Lake 
 Eiae. [Howard is the family name of the Dukes of Norfolk.] 
 
 Howe Island, in the County of Ontario, lies in the River St. 
 Lawrence, between Wolfe Island and Pittsburgh. [From Admiral 
 Lord Howe, who died in 1799. In the second edition the woi'ds "in 
 the County of Ontario," are omitted.] 
 
 Humber River, in the East Riding of the County of York, empties 
 itself into Lake Ontario, a little to the westward of the old fort, 
 Toronto. [It was sometimes called St. John's River. Augustus 
 Jones gives as its Otchipway appellation, Co-bec-lio-nonk = " leave 
 canoes and go north."] 
 
 Humberstone Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies between 
 Bertie and Wainfleet, and fronts Lake Erie. [From Humberstone 
 in the English County of Norfolk, four miles from Grimsby.] 
 
 Hunger/ord Township, in the County of Hastings, lies in the I'ear 
 and to the northward of the Mohawk tract. [From the name of a 
 market town and parish in Wiltshire.] 
 
 Huntingdon Township, in the County of Hastings, lies in the rear 
 and to the northward of Thurlow. [From the county town of Hunt- 
 ingdonshire, or from a hamlet so named near Hereford.] 
 
 I. 
 
 Industry Point, or Morgan's Point, on the north shore of Lake 
 Erie, west of Sugar Loaf. 
 
 Iroquois, Pointe aux, on the River St. Lawrence, six or seven 
 miles above the Rapid Plat, in the township of Matilda. 
 
 Ivrogne Point, in the River St. Lawi'ence, in front of the townsliip 
 of Edwardsburgh, lies a little below Isle du-Fort Levi, on the north 
 shore. [Iv. = di'unken.] 
 
 J. 
 
 Jervois, River au, or Knagg's Creek, falls into the Detroit River, 
 near the town of Sandwich. 
 
 Joachims, VEtamg des, on the Ottawa River, is below the River de 
 Moine. [Etang = pool.] 
 
 T 
 
 •r 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. O 
 
 John^s Island, in the Bay of QuintC', opposite to the Mohawk 
 settlement, west of Eichmond. [From the name of a Mohawk chief.] 
 
 Johnson Point, on Lake St. Francis, in the township of Charlotten- 
 burgli, lies westward of River aiix Raisins. [Marked Sir William 
 Johnson's Point in a map engraved by Faden, 1776, Sir W. J. was 
 Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Province of New York in 
 175G. He died at Johnson Hall, on the Mohawk River, in 1774. 
 Ho was the father of Major-Gen. Sir John Johnson, Superintendent- 
 General of Indian Affairs in British North Ameiica, after the war of 
 Independence.] . 
 
 Joh)iiitoi<m, Neo), in the township of Cornwall, is situated upon the 
 River St. I^awrence, below the Long Sault, to the northward of 
 Gnind Isle St. Regis, and is now called Cornwall. 
 
 Johnstown, in the township of Edwardsbiu'gh, is situated u})on the 
 River St. Lawrence, above the uppermost rapids in ascending to 
 Lake Ontario. 
 
 Kumancstlgoyan, on the west shore of Lake Sujierior, now called 
 the Grand Portage. [The name has become familiar to the modem 
 ejir as Kaniinistiquia. Baraga gives it as Ganianetigweiag, and inter- 
 prets the term to mean a region " where (here is a scarcity of I'ivers," 
 i.e. navigable rivers.] 
 
 Katahokol-onk (or River of Easy Entrance), empties itself into "'',--. c»^^> 
 Lake Ontario, in the township of Pickering. [Perhaps Lyons' Creek, v, o-'- i^*- 
 An authority in Otchij)way says the word ])roperly is Atatabahkoo- y C^^i ^ ^'^ 
 
 kong, and tlijvt the meaning is "Grassy Entrance." Was "Easy" a 
 misreading of " Grassy i"] 
 
 Kevipen/elt's Baif, on the west side of Lake Simcoe. [From tlie 
 name of the Admiral who perished in the Royal George.] 
 
 Kent Co'untij comprehends all the country (not beii\g the territory 
 of the Indians), not already included in the several counties herein 
 d{;scribed, extending northward to the boundary line of, Hudson's 
 Bay, including all the territory to the westward and southward of 
 the said line to the utmost extent of the coinitry commonly known 
 •l)y the name of Canad.a. The boundaries of this county were set 
 forth by Proclamation the Kith July, 1792. It sends two repre- 
 sentatives to the Piovincial Legislature. [In second edition : Kent 
 County is in the Western District, is bounded by the County of 
 
 
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 C. t-?-< 
 
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 m 
 
 6 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Middlesex iu the Loudon District on the east, by tlio County of 
 Essex on the west, and by the Lake Krie on the south. It sends, etc.] 
 
 Kenyon Township, iu the County of Glongary, is in the rear of 
 Charlottenburgli. [From the name of tlie Chief Justice of tlu! Kiug's 
 Bench in 1788.] 
 
 Kttche Sepee, or Great River, now called the Nen. [The Rouge.] 
 
 Kettle River, or Rivif-ro i\ la Chimdiere, rises in a long marsh 
 towards the River Thames, and ninniug southerly, discharges itself 
 into Lake Erie, west of the oirryiug place, out of the bay of Jjong 
 Point, having at times five feet and a half water on its bar. This 
 river lias sulhcieift water for boats many mihis upwards. Its entrance 
 is only 2.5 feet wide. [The river by St. Thomas. The Otchipwajr 
 for kettle is akik ; for little kettle, akikon8j\ 
 
 Kiasan Point, on tlie south shore of Jjake Superior, lies about half 
 way l)etwe(;n West Bay and the «;nti'ance to the falls of St. Mary, 
 and is situated south-east of Isle; Philipj)eaux. [A misreading of 
 " Kiaoaw." Thus the word ai)i)ears farther on. It is the modern 
 Keewenaw. Baraga gives the full form, Kakiweonan, and inter]>i*eto 
 it " a place where they travei-se a point of land, walking acroso a 
 portiige."] 
 
 King Tow)iship, in the East Riding of the County of York, lies to 
 the northward of Vaughan, on the west side of Yonge Street, jind 
 opposite to Whitchurch. [From Admiral Sir Richard King, 1792.] 
 
 Kingston is in about 44 degrees 8 minutes of north latitude, and 
 75 degrees 41 minutes of west longitiule, is situated at the head of 
 the St. Lawrence, on the north shore, opposite Wolfe Island. It 
 occupi(;s the site of old Fort Frontenac, was laid out in the year 
 1784, and is now of considei'able size. It has a barrack for troops, 
 a house for tlie connnanding ollicei', an hospital, several storehouses, 
 and an Ejiiseopal Church of the established religion. The ruins of 
 the Freii -h works are yet to be seen, as well as that of a breastwork 
 thrown up by General Bradstreet, on the east side of the town. It 
 has an excelkiit liarbour, where the king's shipping on Lake Ontario 
 for the most j>art, winter. The brigades of batteaux from Monti-eal, 
 with stores aitd provisions, shi]) them at this j)lace for Niagara. The 
 garrison furnishes a detachment to Carleton Island. The gaol and 
 court house of the Midland District w^s established at this place by 
 an Act of the Provincial Legislature during the first session. The 
 Courts of the General Qiuirter Sessions of the Peace are holden here 
 
 ' 
 
( 
 
 a.] 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. y 
 
 the second Tuesday in A\m\ and Octobfir nnnnuUy. [In the "Me- 
 moires sur le Canada, 174l)-17GO," i)ul)liHliod in I87;i, by tlie Litenuy 
 and Historical Society of Qncboc, is a litliograpli " Vue de Fi'ontenac 
 ou Cataracoiii."] 
 
 Kinijston Townsliip is the fourteentli up])ei'most township in 
 ascending th(i Kiv(!r St. Lawrence!. It is in the County of Frontenac, 
 and lies partly open to Lake Ontario. 
 
 Kitley Township, in the County of Leeds, lies to tlie eastward of 
 and adjoining to IJastard. [From the name of the family seat of the 
 Bastards, n(!ar Yealmpton, in South Devon.] 
 
 KiU'ikokin Point, in Sopliiasburgli, Bay of Quint<5, lies opposite to 
 the Mohawk scsttlement. [In Barnga occurs Misliwawak-okan, a 
 place where tlierc; are viishwawak, red cedars. Kegarding Killi as a 
 dialectic variation for Kini, we may have here a phice where there are 
 Kinioag, i.e. war eagles.] 
 
 K ia(jg's Greek, or River au Jervois : which see. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lac, Pointe du, the westernmost point as you descend into Liike 
 St. Francis, on the noi-th side of the River St. Lawrence. 
 
 Lancctster, the Toivnship of, is in the County of Glcngary, on the 
 River St. Lawrence, and the lowest in the provinces adjoining to 
 Ijower Canada. [From Lancaster, the ancient county town which 
 gives Jjancashire its name.] 
 
 L(uuUu(j, West, now called Queenstown : which see. 
 
 Landgnard, in Lake Erie, so called by his Excellency the Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor, 23rd October, 1795, its fonrier name being Pointe 
 aux Pins. This place is in latitude about 42 degree 7 minutes 15 
 seconds north ; variation 2 degi-ees 48 minutes westerly. There is a 
 pond at the back of the point, the entrance to which has sometimes 
 four feet and a half water ou the bar. On the bank of the pond is 
 an old Indian village, from whence there is a good path to the River 
 Tliames. There is a great resort of Indians to this i)lace in the 
 spring, induced by the quantity of fish and fowl that may be taken 
 here at that season. This Point is about twenty miles or upwards 
 east of the south Foreland, and bears the only pine timber on this 
 coast. [A fort at Harwich, in Essex, is called Landguard.] 
 
 Laiisdowne Township, in the County of Leeds, is the eleventh 
 township in ascending the River St. Lawi-ence. [From the Marquis 
 
8 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY, 
 
 of Lansdowne, who, as Earl of SJielburne, was Prime Minister of 
 England in 1782.] 
 
 La Tranche (or Ja Treiiche), called the Thames by Proolamation 
 the IGth July, 1792. 
 
 Leeds County is hounded on the east by the County of Grenville ; 
 on the south by the River St. Lawrence ; and on the west by the 
 boundary line of the la+e township of Pittsl)urgh, running noith 
 tintil it intersects the Ottawa or Grand River, thence descending 
 that i-iver luitil it nibCts the north-westennuost boundary of the. 
 County of Grenville. The County of Leeds comprehends all thci 
 islands in the River St. Lawrence, near to it. The gi-eatei- ])art of 
 it lies fronting the St. liawrence. The boimdaries of this county 
 were established by Proclamation, the IGth July, 1792. It sends, 
 in conjunction with the Coiuity ot' Frontenac, one representative to 
 the Provincial Parliament. [In second edition. After "on the west" 
 al)ove : By tlie Ijoundary lines of Pittsl)urgh and Bedford. And 
 what is said about the Proclamation of 1792 •-, omitted.] 
 
 Leeds Township, in the County of Leeds, is the twelfth townshij) 
 in ascending the River St. Lawrence. [From the fifth Duke of 
 Leeds, 1751-1799. Li the second edition, " See Addington and 
 Lenox County" is added.] 
 
 Lenox Count i/ is bounded on the east by the County of Addington ; 
 on the south and west by the Bay of Quinte, to Lhc easternmost 
 I)Oundary of the Mohawk village ; thence by a line running along 
 the westernmost boundary of the township of Richmond, running 
 north 16 degrees west, to the depth of twelve miles, and thence run- 
 ning noi-th 74 degrees east until it meets the noith-west boundaiy of 
 the County of Addington ; comprehending all the islands in the bays 
 and nearest the shores thereof. The bomidaries of this county were 
 established )»y Pioclamation, the IGth July, 1792. It sends (with 
 the exception af Adolphustown, wliich is rej)resented with the County 
 of Prince Edward), in conjunction with the Counties of Hastings 
 and Northuml)erland, one representative to the Provincial Parliament. 
 [This ai-ticle is removed from the second edition. The name of the 
 county was a com})liment to Charles Gordon Lennox, third Duke of 
 Richmond, 1734-180G.] 
 
 Lenox, now called the town of Newark : whi«h see. [Not in 2ud 
 Edition.] 
 
 Levi, Isle dti Foi-t, in the River St. Ljiwrence, in front of the 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 9 
 
 townsliip of Edwardsburgh. On this island are the ruins of a French 
 fortification. [From de Levis, second in command under Montcahn.] 
 
 Lincohi Count)/ is divided in four ridings; the first liding is bounded 
 on tlie west l)y the County of York; on the south l)y the Grand 
 River, caUed the Ouse; tlience descending that river until it meets 
 an Indian road leading to the forks of the Ohi])])ewa creek (now 
 called the Wellaud), thence descending that creek until it meets the 
 late township, Number 5, thence north along the said boundary until 
 it intersects Lake Ontario, an-l thence along the south shore of Lake 
 Ontario until it meets the souoh-east boundary of the County of Yoi'k. 
 The second riding is bounded on the west by the first riding; on the 
 north by Lake Ontario; on the esist by tl\e River Niagara; and on 
 the south by the noithern boimdary of the late townships, No. 2, 
 No. U, and No. 10 — [of the Townships of Pelham, Thorold, and 
 Stamford. Second edition.] — The third riiliug is bounded on the 
 ea.st by the River Niagara; on the south by the Chipv'owa, or Wel- 
 land, on the west by the easteiu boundaiy of the first riding; and on 
 the north by the southern boundary of the second riding. The fourth 
 riding is bounded on the east by the River Niagara; on the south by 
 Lake Erie, to the mouth of the Grand River or Ous(!, thence u^) that 
 river to the road leading from the Grand River or Ouse, to the forks 
 of the Chij)pewa or Wcjlland; and on the north l)y the said road un- 
 til it strikes tlie forks of the Wellaud, and thence down the Welland 
 to the Rivev Niagai-a. The fourth riding includes the islands com- 
 pressed within the easternmost boundaries of the River Niagara. 
 Tlie boundaries of this county were (!stablished by Proclamation, the 
 16th July, 171)2. The second and third riding send each one repre- 
 sentative to the Provincial Parliament. The first riding sends one, 
 ill conjuiu;tiun with the Counties of Durham and York; and the 
 fourth riding sends one in conjunction with the County of Norfolk. 
 [The name Lincoln may have been a comitliment to the ninth Earl 
 of Lincoln, who died in 1794. Ho was the first Earl who assumed 
 the name of Pelham, in adilition to that of Clinton, on his succeeding 
 to the dukedom of Newcastle.] 
 
 Little Jhy, on Lake Ontario, the westernmost point of which is 
 tlio boundary between tlu; County of Northumberland and Durham, 
 and betwe(Mi the townshi{)S of Hamilton and Ho[)e. [/»'/</ Bay lay 
 three townships to the wc^st, and was afterwards successively knowii 
 as Wiiulsor Bay and Port Whitby.] 
 
\[ 
 
 III 
 
 10 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 London, the Toionship of, is situated in the main fork of the River 
 Thames, in a central situation from tlie Lakes Erie, Huron, and 
 Ontario. [Here it was at first intended that the capital of the 
 province should be seateil. Georgina was once thought of as its 
 name, in compliment to George III.] 
 
 Long Reach is the communication from Hay Bay to East Bay, in 
 the Bay of Quint<?, 
 
 Long Beach on Lake Ontario, the westenmiost point of which is 
 the boundary between the Counties of Durham and Yoi"k, and be- 
 tween the townships of Darlington and Whitby. 
 
 Lower Landhig, or East Landing, on the River Niagara, is oppo- 
 site to Queenstown, on the Niagara Fort side, [now Lewistown.] 
 
 Long Lakes, The, are a chain of small lakes, extending westerly 
 fi'om the Grand Portage of Lake Superior towards Riiin Lake. 
 
 Long Point, on Lake Erie, now called the North Foreland, is that 
 long beach or sand bank, stretching forth into Lake Erie, from the 
 township of WalKingham, and forming the deep Bay of Long Point. 
 It is upwards of twenty miles long. From the head of the bay there 
 is a carrying j)lace across, over a fiat sand, about eight chains dis- 
 tance, into Lake Erie, which sometimes is sufiiciently overfiown, to 
 be used as a passage for small b(mts. [The name " North Foreland" 
 has to a great extent dropped out of use. A. Jones gives as the 
 Otchipway name of Long Point Creek, Singua-conses-can-sippi= 
 Small-pine Creek. The large creek west of Long Point, he says, was 
 known as Gan-ce-mou-sippi= Sail Creek. Baraga gives for "Sail," 
 nin-g'assi-monan.] 
 
 Lmig Point is the southernmost jtolnt of Isle Tonti, ruiniing out 
 and making a small bay, op})osite to which there is a little island. 
 
 Long Saut, ide an, in the River St. Lawrence, and in front of the 
 township of Osnabruck, contains from 1000 to 1500 acres; the soil 
 is good. 
 
 LongueU. Township, in the County of Glengary, is the second in 
 ascending the Ottawa River. [From the name of a seigniory estab- 
 lished here in 1734 — New Longueuil; so called to distinguish it from 
 the Old Longueuil, on the south side of the St. Lawrence, just below 
 Montreal, established in 1G72.] 
 
 Ijoughborough Toionship, in the County of Frontenac, lies in the 
 rear, and to the north of Kingston. [From Lord I ugliborough. Lord 
 High Chancellor in 171)3. His family name was Wedderburn.] 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 11 
 
 Louth Toionship, in the County of Lincoln, lies to the west of 
 Grantham, and fronts Lake Ontario. [From the Lord Louth of 1798.' 
 The family name is Plunkett.] 
 
 Lunenburyh, is now called the Eastern District, by an Act of the 
 Provincial Legislature, in the first session. 
 
 Lynn River, in the County of Norfolk, rises in the township of 
 Windham, and running from thence southerly through the township 
 of Woodhouse, empties itself into Lake Erie, where it has i'.bout three 
 feet water on the bar: it is a goo<l harbour for batfoaux. [Known 
 now as Patterson Creek.] 
 
 Lyo)Cs Creek, in the County of Lincoln, discharges itself into Chip- 
 l)ewa River, in tlie township of Willoughby, not far above the mouth 
 of that river. [There is a Lyons' Creek in Whitby.] 
 
 I 
 
 M. 
 
 Maidstone Township lies between Sandwicli and Rochester, upon 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 Maiden Township, in the County of Essex, is situated at the mouth 
 of Detroit River, on the east side of the strait, having Colchester to 
 the east, and the Huron to the north. [A second title of the Eai'ls 
 of Essex is Viscount Maiden.] 
 
 Malafdde Township is between Yamiouth and Bayham Townships 
 on tlio Lake Erie. Second edition. [Col. Talbot, founder of the Talbot 
 Settlement, was fourth son of Richard Talbot of Malahide Castle in 
 the County of Dublin, whose wife was created Baroness Talbot of 
 Malahide in 1831.] 
 
 Malitjne, Grande Pointe, on the River St. La"\vi'ence, is a little 
 above Petite Pointe Maligne, and opposite to the Grand Island of 
 St. Regis. 
 
 Maligne, la Petite Pointe, on the north shore of the River St. 
 Lawrence, not far above the lower end of Grand Isle St Regis. 
 
 Marnonce and Little Mamonce, at the eastern extremity of Lake 
 Superior, between the co])per \ines and Point aux Rabies. [Given 
 as Mamainso by Baylield. Comp. Ma7nansinam = I see a vision. 
 Baraga.] 
 
 Manitoualin, or Manitou Islands: q. v. in Lake Huron. [Mani- 
 toualin = Place of a spirit.] 
 
 Manitou Islands are a number of islands towards the northern 
 shore of Lake Huron, stretching from the vicinity of Cabot's Head 
 
!! 
 
 I ' 
 
 12 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 noi-tliwesterly across the lake, to lake George, below the Falls of St. 
 Mary. 
 
 Marais Grande, lies in the north-east part of the toAviiship of Clin- 
 ton, on Lake Ontario. 
 
 Maraudier Point, on the nortli shore of Lake St. Francis, east of 
 Poiute aux. Herbes, in the township of Lancaster. 
 
 Markham Toiniship, in the east riding of the County of York, 
 fronts Yonge Street, and lies to the northward of York and Scar- 
 borough : here are good mills, and a thriving settlement of Germans. 
 [Perhaps a compliment to Markham, the Archbishop of York of the 
 
 day.J 
 
 Marlborowjh Township, in the County of Grenvillt^, lies to the 
 northward of Oxford, and is watered by the Kideau. 
 
 Marsh Creek runs southerly through the township of Maiden, and 
 empties itself into Lake Erie, having at times four feet and a lialf 
 water on its bar. 
 
 Mari/'s, St. Point, in the River St. Lawrence, is immediately above 
 the Grand Remou. [Remous==eddy.] 
 
 Maryshurg Township, in the County of Prince Edward, is situated 
 at the eastern end of tlie peninsida which forms the Bay of Quints, 
 and lies oi)en to Lake Ontario on the south. 
 
 Mataouaschie River runs into the Ottawa River, above the River 
 du Rideau. [Madawaska=Running through rushes.] 
 
 Matchedash, or Gloucester, which see. [=Bad land.] 
 
 Matilda Township, in the County of Duudas, is the sixtli townsliij) 
 in ascending the River St. Lawrence. [Compliment to the Princess 
 Royal, Chailotte Augusta Matilda.] 
 
 Manrepas Isle, in the northerly jiart of Lake Superior, lies about 
 half way between Elbow Island and the Bay of Mi(;liipicoten. [Fi'om 
 the Count de Slaurepas, French Secretary of State in 1744. Now 
 Michipicoten Ifdand.] 
 
 Mecklenburg! I is now cilled the Midland District, by an Act of the 
 Provincial Legislature, in the fii-st session. 
 
 Me/sea Township, in the County of Essex, lies on Lake Erie, west 
 of Romney. [From the Isle of Mersoa, in Esse.x.] 
 
 Michilimackinack is in al)out 45 degi(H;s 48 minutes and 34 seconds 
 of north latitude, and is called by the Canadians la Grose Isle. It is 
 situated in the strait which joins Lakes Huron and Michigan. [This 
 name is usually said to mean Great Turtle, from the appearance of 
 
 ' > 
 
 / 1 
 
D 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 13 
 
 / 
 
 the island as seen at a distance. Baniga says the name is, by the 
 Otchipways, derived from the Mishinimakingo, a kind of people who 
 rove through the woods, and ai'e sometimes heard discharging arrows, 
 but are never seen.] 
 
 Midla'iid District was originally erected into a district by the name 
 of the District of Mecklenburgh, in the Province of Quebec, by Hia 
 Excellency Lord Dorchester's Proclamation of the 24th July, 1788. 
 It received its present name by an Act of the Provincial Legislature ; 
 is bounded on the east by a meridian passing through the mouth of 
 the River Gftnanoqui ; on the south by the River St. Lawrence and 
 Lake Ontario ; on the west by a meridian passmg thi-ough the mouth 
 of the River Trent at the head of the Bay of Quinte ; and on the 
 north by the Ottawa River. [In the second edition : Is now bounded 
 on the east by a line passing from near the mouth of the River Gan- 
 anoqui ; on the west by Leeds and Crosby townships, and thence to 
 the Alhimettes on the Grand River; on the south by the River St. 
 Lawrence and Lake Ontario ; and on the west by a line passing 
 through the mouth of the River Ti'ent, at the head of the Bay of 
 Quints, to the Ottawa River, which river is its northern boundaiy.] 
 
 Middle Island is small, and situated east of Bass Islands, aiul 
 northerly of Shij) Island and Cunningham's Island, in Lake Erie. 
 
 Middle Sister, a small island at the west end of Lake Erie, situated 
 between the East Sister and West Sister. 
 
 Miliquean Creek, iinining northerly, discharges itself into the 
 southernmost pai-t of Lake Simcoe, and is now called Holland River, 
 [Minequewin=Drinking-plate.] 
 
 Milles Isles, les, in the River St. Lawi-ence, are a groiip of small 
 islands lying opposite the townships of Leeds and Lansdowne. [The 
 Thoiisand Islands.] 
 
 Milles Roches, Isle au, contains from six to atven huivdred acres. 
 The soil is good. It lies partly above and partly parallel to Isle 
 Cheval Ecart(5, in the River St. Lawrence. 
 
 Minatte, Isle de, on the north coast of Lake Superior, is situated 
 near to, and easterly of, the Grande Portage, extending to Thunder 
 Bay. 
 
 Mississaga Island lies opposite the mouth of the River Trent, and 
 about the same distance from the Poi'tage at the head of the Bay qf 
 Quint<5. [The word signifies Great Outlet, and is applicable to any 
 river-estuary.] 
 
J! 
 i 
 
 :' 
 
 14 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Mismsaga Point, in the township of Newark, lies on the west side 
 of the entrance of the River Niagara, and opposite to the fortress of 
 Niagara. 
 
 Mismsaga River runs into Lake Huron, between le Serpent and 
 Thessalon River, on the north shore. [The bands of Otchipways fre- 
 quenting the banks of this river constituted the Mississagas proper.] 
 
 Michipicoten Bay, in the north-east pai-t of Lake Superior. It is 
 somewhat sheltered southerly and westerly from Lake Superior, by 
 Point Gorgontua and the island of Michipicoten. [The woi'd=Bare 
 Rock or Bluff. Gorgontua, should be Gargantua. The o's express the 
 patois pronunciation. Gargantua is the giant of Rabelais' romance, 
 ** Gargantua and Pantagjniel." Perhaps some fancied resemblance to 
 a giant's head wiis observed in the rock.] 
 
 Michipicoten Isle, in the north-east part of Lake Superior, at the 
 entrance of a bay of the same name. [Called also Maurepas and 
 Hocquai-t.] 
 
 Michipicoten River, running soutli-westerly, discharges itself into 
 the head of a bay of the same name, in the north-east part of Lake 
 Superior. There is a poiiiage from the sources of this river to another 
 which falls into James's Bay. 
 
 Mohawk Bay, in Fredericksburgh, Bay of Quints, lies opposite 
 to the Mohawk Settlement, and close to the mouth of the River 
 A})pann^^e. 
 
 Mohawk Settlement, Bay of Quints, is west of Richmond, and com- 
 pi'ehended between tlie River Shannon and Bowen's Creek. 
 
 Mohawk Village, on the Grand River or Ouse, is the principal 
 village of the Six Nations, in the ti-act purchased from the Mississagu 
 nation for them by his present Majesty, on account of their loyalty 
 and attachment during the late rebellion, in which they lost their 
 possessions on the Mohawk River. This is the residence of their 
 j)rincipal Chief, Cf-ptain Joseph Bmnt. The village is beautifully 
 situated, has ft ne-a cliurch with a steeple, a school house, and a 
 council house ; and not far from it is a grist and saw mill. These 
 buildings have, for the most part, been erected by government, who 
 now pay a miller, a schoolmaster, and a blacksmith, for their services 
 at the village : and the Society for Propagating the Gospel make an 
 allowance to a cleigyman of the Establislied Church for occasional 
 visits made to these tribes. The Liturgy of the Church of England 
 has been translated into the Mohawk language, and printed, for the 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 15 
 
 use of the Six Nation Indians. [Now Brantford. The proper name 
 of the Mohawks was Ganeagas (=The People at the head of men). 
 Mohawk strictly means " the people in this direction " or " the hither- 
 people," i.e., with reference to Massachusetts. In like manner 
 " Seneca " meant " the people far off yonder," i.e., towards the Lakes. 
 The proj>er name of the Senecas was Tsonnontouans. 
 
 Moira River iiins into the Bay of Quint6, near the south-west 
 angle of the townsliip of Thurlow. [Earl of Moira is a second title 
 of the Marquis of Hastings. From Moira, in the County of Down, 
 Ireland.] 
 
 Molla Shannon River nins into the Ottawa River in the township 
 of Ilawkesbuiy. [The names of the Midla, or Awbeg, a tributary of 
 the Blackwater, in Ireland, and of the Shannon, may be combined.] 
 
 Montagne, Portage de, is on the Ottuwa river, above lake Chat. 
 
 Montagu Township, partly in the County of Grenville, and partly 
 in Leeds, lies to the northward of Walford, and is washed by the 
 river Rideau. [The family name of the Earls of Sandwich.] 
 
 Montreal Isle, in the east end of Lake Superior, is small, and 
 situated between the mouths of the river Montreal and ChaiTon, and 
 near to the shore. 
 
 Montreal, River de, empties itself into the east end of Lake 
 Sujierior, a little to the northward of the copper mines, and south of 
 river Charron. [A water-route leading to Montreal. Canada proper 
 was refeiTed to by the Otchipways, Baraga says, as Monia, i.e., Mon- 
 treal.] 
 
 Moravian Village, on the river Thames, is in the fourth township 
 fi'oni its mouth : it is a regular built village, of one street, with in- 
 different wooden huts, and a small chapel ; inhabited by Indians, 
 converted to the Moravian faith, and their pastors j near to this 
 village are springs of petroleum. [Founded by Count Zinzendorf, 
 the reviver of the society of United Brethren.] 
 
 Morgan Point, now called Point Industry. [In Wainfleet, north 
 shore of Lake Erie.] 
 
 Morpion Isle, a small island, in the river St. Lawi*enc3, opposite to 
 poiute a la Travei-se. 
 
 Morplons, Isle aux, in the lake St. Francis, river St. Lawrence, 
 a small rocky island, lying nearly opposite to Pointe Mouille, in the 
 townahi}) of Lancaster. [From insects so-called in French.] 
 
 Mouilli Pointe, on Lake St. Francis, west of Pointe au Bodot, in 
 the townshi}) of Lancaster. [Swampy, sunk in the water.] 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ] I 
 
 
16 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Moulenet, Isles mi, in the River St. Lawrence, opposite the town- 
 ship of Osnabruck, are very small, and the soil tolerably good. 
 [Moulinet— Little Mill.] 
 
 Mountain Township, in the Connty of Dundf^, lies in the rear, 
 and to the northward of Matilda. [Perhaps from Mountain, Anglican 
 Bishop of Quebec in 1797.] 
 
 Mudd'if Creek, rises in the township of Pelham, and i-uns into 
 Chippewa Cveek, through the township of Thorold, and the south- 
 west -part thereof. 
 
 Mvddy Lake is situated between Lake Huron and Lake George ; it 
 is about twenty-five or thirty miles long, and not veiy wide ; it has 
 several small islands, of which St. Joseph's seems to be the principal. 
 
 Murray Tovmship, in the County of Northumberland, lies to the 
 northward of the isthmus which joins the County and Peninsula of 
 Prince Edward to the main. It is washed by the waters of Lake 
 Ontario and the river Trent, as well as by those of the Bay of Quints. 
 [Probably from Sir James Murray, a distinguished military officer of 
 the first American war.] 
 
 Nanticohe Greek, now called the river Waveney, empties itself into 
 Lake Erie, between Long Point and the Grand River. [Nanticokes 
 were Indians so-called. Whence Nanticoke Creek, in the State of 
 New York. Waveney is a river in the English County of Suflblk, 
 falling into the Yare — whence Yarmouth. 
 
 Narrows, The, or petite Detroit, in the river St. Lawrence, is 
 between Grenadier Island and the townshi]) No. 10, or Escot, now 
 included in Yonge. 
 
 Nassau. This is now called the Home District, by an Act of the 
 Provincial Legislature, in theii" first session of parliament. 
 
 Navy Hall, in the township of Newark, is about a mile from the 
 town, on the bank of the river Niagara : the buildings here are con- 
 siderably increased, and the new garrison building near it, is called 
 Fort George. [Liancoiu-t in his Travels (i. 241) describes Navy Hall 
 iia " a small, miserable house, which was formerly occupied by the 
 commissaries, who resided here on account of the navigation of the 
 Lake."] 
 
 Navy Island, above the Great Falls in the river Niagara, is situ- 
 ated just above the mouth of the river Wellaud, and below Grand 
 
 .^mAtA^iu^^gA 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 17 
 
 Islo. [It was conveniently situated for the building and wintering 
 of vessels.] 
 
 Nelson Township, in the west Riding of the County of York, on 
 the Lake Ontario, near Burlington Bay. Second edition. [From 
 Horatio Lord Nelson, from whom also the village of Broiit4, in this 
 township, has its name.] 
 
 N&n JUver, in the east riding of the County of York, rises sevei-al 
 miles in the rear of York, and running sotithei-ly through the town- 
 ship of Markham, parts of Scarborough, and Pickering, empties 
 itself into Lak(! Ontario, eiust of the Highlands in Scarborough. 
 [The Nen lias lost its English and retained its French name — The 
 Kouge. The Otchipways distingxiished it, A. Jones- says, as Kitchi- 
 Sippi, The Big Kiver.] 
 
 Nepean Township, in the eastern district, is the eighth township 
 in ascending the Ottawa river, and the first township on the west 
 side of the river Kideau. [Probably from Lieut.-Gen. Nicholas 
 Mepean, living in 1793 et 8eqJ\ 
 
 Newark Town is situated on the west side of the entrance of 
 Niagara river, opposite to the fortress of Niagai'a on Lake Ontario. 
 
 This town was laid out in the year 1791, and the buildings com- 
 menced upon the arrival of His Excellency Lieiit.-Governor Major- 
 General Simcoe, in 1792. It contains now about one hundred and 
 fifty houses. The gaol and court-house for the home district were 
 erected in this place, by an Act of the Provincial Legislature in their 
 first session. The courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace 
 are holden here the second Tuesday in January, April, July, and 
 October, annually, by the same authority. The Coiirt of King's 
 Bench sits here. The first Provincial Parliament met at this place, 
 and the public offices of Government have been held pro tem^ -^re 
 here. Navy Hall, which is situated on the west bank of the rivei , a 
 little above the town, was the residence of His Excellency the Lieut.- 
 Govemor, during his stay at this place ; the Council House is about 
 half way between the town and Navy Hall. The piiblic offices are 
 now about moving to York. [From Newark, a borough and market 
 town in Nottinghainshrre, having the ruins of a fine castle built in 
 Stephen's reign, and dismantled in the Cromwellian period.] 
 
 Newark Township, in the County of Lmcoln, lies to the west side 
 of Niagara river, immediately opposite to the fort. 
 
 Newcastle. This to^vn plot is situated on the Presqu'isle de Quints, 
 extending into Lake Ontaaio, from the easterly part of the township 
 
 ^fji\'k>^ 
 
' 
 
 ! 
 
 ■ 
 
 18 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 htir*r 
 
 * of Cramahd. [The modern Brigliton. A townshi}) of Brighton has 
 been formed out of portions of Murray and Cramah6. Probably 
 from Henry Pelham Clinton, fourth Duke of Newcastle, 179G.] 
 
 JVew River, afterwards called tbe La TrancJie, now the Thames, by 
 Proclamation, 16th July, 1792. 
 
 Niagara is in about 43 degrees, If) minutes, aad 47 seconds of 
 north latitude, and 78 degi-ees, 25 minutes of west longitude. [Tlie 
 present town of Niagara lies somewhat west of tlie long, here given.] 
 
 East Niaga,ra, or the Foi-t, is much out of repair, and West 
 Niagara, or the towji of Newark, lies immediately opposite to the 
 Fort. See Newark. 
 
 Niagara, Little, or Fort Schlasser, above the Great Falls, on the east 
 side of Niagara river, opposite to the mouth of the river Welland. 
 [Schlasser is a misreading for Schlosser — the name of an officer of 
 , engineers. After the portage from the East Landing (Lewiston), 
 
 /Cvjf*'^'--' merchandize was reshipped at Fort Schlosser.] 
 
 JVo'f' " Nicholas Island, formerly called Isle de Quint6, q. v. [Marked 
 " Nicholson's Island " in later maps.] 
 
 Nipegon Lake, lies to the northward of Lake Superior, about half- 
 way between it and Albany Rivei', James' Bay. [Given as Alimi- 
 pegon in early maps. The woi'd is said to mean " Foul Water," or 
 " Marshy Lake."] 
 
 Norfolk County is bounded on the north and east by the County 
 of Lincoln and the river La Tranche (now called the Thames), on the 
 south by Lake Erie, until it meets the Barbue (called the Orwell 
 river), thence by a line running north 16 degrees west, until it inter- 
 sects the river La Tranche or Thames, and thence up the said river, 
 until it meets the north-western boundary of the County of York. 
 \Note below.) The boundaries of this County were established by 
 Proclamation, the 16th July, 1792 : it sends, in conjunction with the 
 4th riding of the County of Lincoln, one representative to the Pro- 
 vincial Parliament. [From the English county of the same name, 
 if not a compliment to the Duke of Norfolk of the day.] 
 
 Norman, Marais, in the township of Newark, empties its waters 
 into Lake Ontario, about the centre of the township, west of Niagara 
 Fort, called the Four Mile Pond. [Norman, probably from some 
 French voyageur or settler.] 
 
 North Channel, in the Bay of Quints, leads from John's Island, 
 southerly, between the townships of Sophiasburgh, Fredericksburgh, 
 and Adolphustown. 
 
or 
 
 I 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 19 
 
 North Cliarvml, between Isle Tonti, in Lake Ontaxio, and the main 
 land. 
 
 Nortlmmberland County is bounded on the east by the County of 
 Hastings, and the carrying-place of the Presqu'isle de Quintd ; on the 
 south by Lake Ontario, until it meets the westernmost point of Little 
 Bay; thence by a line running north 16 degrees west, until it meets 
 the southern boundaiy of a tract of land belonging to the Mississaga 
 Indians, and thence along that tiuct, parallel to Lake Ontario, until 
 it meets the north-westernmost boundary of the Coun ty of Hastings 
 The County of Northumberland comprehends all the islands near to 
 it, in Lake Ontario, and the Bay of Quints, and the greater part of 
 it fronts Lake Ontario. The boundaries of this county were estab- 
 lished by Proclamation, the 16th July, 1792. It sends, in conjunc- 
 tion with the Counties of Hastings and Lenox, excepting Adolphus- 
 town, one representative to the Provincial Parliament. 
 
 Norwich^ now called the township of Whitby, on the north slwre 
 of Lake Ontario : which see. 
 
 Norwich TowHshij), n\ the County of Norfolk, lies to the east of, 
 and adjoining to, Dereham. 
 
 O 
 
 Oak Point, in the front of the township of Eraest-town, between 
 the King's Mills and Tonagayon Bay. [The King's Mills, back of 
 Kingston. Tonagayon is given as Tonequigon on a map by Fader, 
 1776 : west of Fort Frontenac. 
 
 Ontario County consists of the following islands : — An island, at 
 present known by the name of Isle Tonti (called Amherst Island), an 
 island known by the name of Isle au Foret (called Gage Island), an 
 island known by the name of Grand Isle (called Wolfe Island), and 
 an island known by the name of Isle Couchois (called Howe Island), 
 and comprehends all the islandr between the mouth of the Garoqui, 
 to the easternmost extremity of the late township of Marysburgh 
 called Point Pleasant. 
 
 The boundaiies of this County were established by Proclamation 
 the 16th of July, 1792. It sends, in conjunction with the County 
 of Addington, one representative to the Provincial Parliament. [In 
 the second edition this article is left out.] 
 
 Ontario Fort. See Oswego. 
 
 Orford, The Township of, in the County of Suffolk, distinguished 
 sometimes by Orford North and South, is the residence of the Mora- 
 
 !! 
 
 5 
 
 f 
 
i I 
 
 n. 
 
 ! I 
 
 * r 
 
 Ji 
 
 20 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ; — 
 
 / 
 
 vians : it ia boimdecl on the sotith by Lake Krin, .ami watered by the 
 Thames to the noi-tliwiird. [The Earl of Orford, fn<ia 1791 to 1797, 
 was Horace Walpolo, who would not use the title.] 
 
 Orphan Island, in Lake Ontario, lies off the (iast shore of Marys- 
 burgh, and near to it, in Traverse Bay. 
 
 Orwell River (formerly Riviere a la Barbue), rises in a lon<j marsh 
 towards the I'iver Tliames, and, i nning southerly, discharges itself 
 into Lake Eri(5, between Landguard and tlie Noi-th Foreland, having 
 about two and a-half feet of water on its bar. Tliern is wate 'enough 
 for a loaded boat to go three miles up this river. The land on each 
 side, in many places, consists of large nch flats, adjoining the river, 
 which appear at times to have overflowed, and on the adjacent high- 
 lands is a deep black soil. [From the river which flown by Ipswich 
 in iSuffolk. It is now better known as Catfish Creek, which is the 
 plain English of EiviC^re a la Barbue.] 
 
 Osgoode Tovjnship, in the County of Dundas, i.s the second town' 
 ship on the east side of the Rideau, in ascending the river. [From 
 the name of the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada, William 
 Osgoode.] 
 
 Osnahruck Tow.ishtp, in the County of Stormont, h\ the fourth 
 township in ascending the River St. Lawrence. ['Hie .stime as Osna- 
 burg. One of the titles of the Duke of York was " Bishop of 
 O.snaburg."] 
 
 Osu'elgatchie, New, on the north side of the River 8t. Lawrence, is 
 in the township of Augusta. [Morgan says tlie signification of tlie 
 word is lost. The Old Oswegatchie is the present Ogdensburgh.] 
 
 Oswego, is in about 43 degrees, 20 minutes of north latitude, and 
 75 degrees, 43 minutes of west longitude. It has barracks for troops ; 
 the works totally decayed, and is situated in the south-eastern anglt; 
 of Lake Ontario, where the River Oswego falls into that lake. [The 
 complete word was Ochoueguen, which appeared also as Chouoguen 
 and Chouaguen. It is said to be an exclamation — " See ! a wide 
 prospect." In the " Memoir es sur le Canada, 1749-1860," published 
 in 1873 by the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, there is 
 a lithograph plan of the " Forts Ontario et Pepperell ou Chouaguen." 
 In the same work is also a plan of Old Oswegatchie, under the name 
 of " Fort La Presentation."] 
 
 Oswego Creek, Great, in the County of Lincoln, runs into the River 
 Welland, above the little Oswego Creek, near the north-west paart of 
 the township of Wainfleet. 
 
 i '' 
 
r 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL IIISTOllY. 
 
 21 
 
 Oswr.ffo CrecJc, Little, in tho County of Lincoln, I'uns into the River 
 Wolland, belmv tho Cireut Oswego Creek, near tho north-west part of 
 tho township of Wainlleot. 
 
 Ottdum, or (itrand Jk'iver: q. v. [When "Grand River' was applied 
 to the Ottawa, the moaning was Crajule Rivihre ilea Algonqiiins. The 
 upper Algoncpiins were known as " Outawais," Cldoeux n'devhs, a 
 trihe described as being "plus marchands que guerriers." Other 
 forms of "Outawais" were Oiitawak and Ondatawawut. On the 
 old ma]»s tho Ottawa is the Utawas-river.] 
 
 Otters Head., a I'ouiarkable high rock, on the north shore of Lake 
 Suj)erior, woat of tho River Kouge. [Tho name continues.] 
 
 ubesauuieijoiKjs J'oliit, in Sophiasburgh, Bay of Quints, is opposite 
 to tho peninsula in Thurlow. [Perhaps " Narrow grassy place,"] 
 
 Oueittaroiik Lake, sometimes called Siuion, or Shiniotig, afterwards 
 aux Cia.i<>s,now Lake Sinicoe. [Known also as Toronto Lake. Taronk 
 probably i-epreseiits this wi)rd, from which, as in Niagara and other 
 native terms, syllables both at tho beginning and the end have 
 dropped lAY. Shucn, Shiniong, Ahshaneyong is said to denote "Silver." 
 Ciaies= Hurdles, or rude frame-work, employed perhaps in the capture 
 of fish.] 
 
 Ouse (formeily tho Grand River), rises in the coimtry belonging to 
 the Chi})pewa and JMissassaga Indians, and running southerly through 
 the west riding of the County of York, crosses the Dundas Street, and, 
 pa.ssing between the Counties of Lincoln and Norfolk, disembogues 
 itself int(.) Lake Erie, about half way between the North Foreland and 
 Fort Erie. The bar, at the mouth of this river, liPS from seven to 
 nine feet water; it is al)0utacable and a half's length from the mouth 
 of the river tt) the middle of the bar. It is navigable many miles up 
 for small vessels, and a consideiable distance for boats. About forty 
 miles u}) this river is the Mohawk village. Tho Sonecas, Onondagos, 
 Cayauga-s, xi.ugagas, Delawares, and Missassagas, have also villages 
 ill diileient parts of this river; exclusive of which, there is a numer- 
 ous straggling settlement of Indians, from the vicinity of the Mohawk 
 village, to w ithiu a few miles of the mouth of the river. [A. Jones 
 gives as the naira of the Ouse, Oes-shin-ne-gun-ing=" It washes the 
 timber down auci carries away the grass, weeds, etc."] 
 
 Oxford Towna dp, in the County of Grenville, lies in the rear, and 
 to the northwaru of the townships of Edwardsburgh and Augusta, 
 and is watered by the Rideau. [Spelt Radeau.] 
 
 
28 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTOUY. 
 
 Oxford, Township of, upon ThShies, in the Western District, lies 
 to the southward of Dundas Street, where the western end of that 
 road meets the Upper Forks of the River la Tranche, or Thames. 
 
 Pais Plat is a point of land on the north shore of Lake Superior, 
 within Isle Grange, and east of River Grange. [Appears as Pays 
 Plat on the present maps.] 
 
 Paps, The, two remarkable hills on the top of a high mountain, on 
 the north shove of Lake Superior, a little east of Shanguanoe. [The 
 Paps are marked in Bayfield's chart. They are on the peninsula 
 forming the east side of Black Bay. Southward, in Bayfield, are 
 the Greater and Lesser Shagauash Fisheries.] 
 
 Paresseux, Portage des, on the south-westerly branch of the Ottawa 
 River, above les Epingles. 
 
 Paterson^s Creek, now called the River Lynn. 
 
 Patie Island, on the north coast of Lake Superior, near to the west 
 cape of Thunder Bay, and between Meniatte and the Main. [Perhaps 
 the island at present known as Flatland. In that case Meniatte 
 (elsewhere Minatte) would be what is now Pio Island.] 
 
 Peach Island, is situated in I^ake St. Clair, about seven miles 
 
 higher up than Detroit, nearly opposite to where the Grand Maraia 
 
 communicates with that lake. It contains from GO to 100 acres of land 
 
 » 
 
 fit for tillage, the other parts being meadow and marsh, are fit for 
 pastui'e ; there is little wood on this island ; it is not improved. 
 
 Pcches, liimhre aux, runs into Lake St. Clair to the eastward of 
 Peach Island, and westerly of Ri\ idro aux Puces. [Riviere a\ix Pcches 
 IS Peach River.] 
 
 Pelh Point (or Point an Pli), now called tlie Soutn Fon^hind, ex- 
 tending into Lake Erie, between Landguard and the mouth of Detroit 
 River, is noted for its being a good |>lace to winter cattle at, on 
 account of the rushes which abound there. [Bald Poii.i.] 
 
 Pelham Township, in the (Jounty of Lincoln, lies to the south of 
 ■ Louth, and is watered by the Chii)powa, or Welland. [From a family 
 name of the Earls of Lincoln.] 
 
 Pemet/'scoatiamj, called Smith's Creelif, on Lake Ontario, in Hope. 
 This is the same as A. Jones' Pam-m«-8co-ti-onk=;High burnt Plains.) 
 
 Perch Cove, in Adolphus-town, Bay of Quinte, lies south of Baaa 
 Cove. 
 
 { 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 23 
 
 Perches et Cave, Rapids de, on the pouth-westerly branch of the 
 Ott iwa River, ininiediatoly above the Portage des Paresseux. [On 
 AiTowsmith's early map, a "Hole Portage" is marked: Perches et 
 Cave = Poh s and hole.] 
 
 Percy Township, in the County of Northumberland, lies to the 
 rear, and north of Cramahe. 
 
 Ph'e, Pointe au, on the north shore of Lake Superior, east of 
 Pointe aux Tt)urtes, and opposite to Isle de Minatte. [Father-point. 
 Priest-point. Tourte^pie, tart.] 
 
 Peter's, St. Bay, on Lake Ontario, in Marysburgh, lies a little to 
 the eastward and southward of Little Sandy Bay. 
 
 Pilklngfon Island, in Lake Simcoe, parallel to Darling Island. 
 [From the name of an officer of the Engineers at Niagara in 1794.] 
 
 Petite Isle aux d' Indes, called Turkey Island. 
 
 Phillpeaux Isle, in the south- west of Lake Superior, lies to the 
 southward of Isle Royal, and between it and Kiaoan Point, on the 
 south shore. [Isle Philipeaux lies to the northward of Isle Royale in 
 Arrowsmith's early ma}).] 
 
 Pic, liivih'e au, empties itself into Lake Superior on the north side, 
 west of Beaver Creek : on this river dwell many Indians, called by 
 other nitions, "the men of the land." [" Many Indian ti'ibes bear 
 names which in their dialect signify men, indicating that the charac- 
 ter heXoxY^'^ par excellence to them. Sometimes the word was used by 
 itself, and sometimes an adjective was joined with it, as original men, 
 men surpassing all others." — Parkman. Lenni-lena-pe, and Illinois 
 are examples. The latter wonl is said to be thus derived : Eriniwek, 
 Liniwek, Aliniwek, Iliniwek, Illinois.] 
 
 Pickering Township, in tlie east riding of the County of York; is 
 situated b«^tween Whitby and Scarborough, and fronts Lake Ontario. 
 The River Nen runs into Lake Ontario through this township. 
 [From the name of a market town and parish in the north riding of 
 Yorkshire.] 
 
 Pigmn Jiay, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, lies between the 
 Highlands of Scarborough and River Shannon. [On Arrowsmith's 
 early map the oidy name given on the north shore of Lake Ontario 
 l)etwo(in Toronto and the liay of Quinte '\a that of Pigeon Bay. 
 Perhaps Frenchman's Bay was intended. Is " Shannon " a slip for 
 " Trent ("] 
 
 Pin, Portage dn, on the south-west branch of the Ottawa River, 
 between Portage de la Tortue and Portage des Talons. 
 
 ! 
 
 ■, ii: 
 
 .1 'i 
 
 jflii 
 
I 
 
 \ ■' 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 CANADIAN' LOCAL HISTORY, 
 
 IHns, Pointe aux, now called Lanilguard (by order of His Excel- 
 lency the Lieutenant-Governor, 23rd October, 1 795), Lake Erie. 
 
 Pins, Pointe aux, or Fort Gloucester, Lake Superior. 
 
 Pins, Pointe aux, on the lliver St Lawrence, is in front of the town- 
 ship of Matilda, below Point Iroquois. 
 
 Pittsburgh Township, in the County of Frontenac, is the thirteenth 
 township in ascending the River St. Lawrence. [Perhaps from Pitts- 
 burgh on the Oliio, built on the site of Fort Pitt, previously Fort du 
 Quesne, and named after the elder Pitt.] 
 
 Plantdf/enet Township lies partly in the County of Glengary, and 
 partly in Stormont : it is the fourth town.ship in ascending the Ottawa 
 River, [f'rom one of the family names of the Duke of Bucking- 
 ham.] 
 
 Pleasant Pointe, tlie easternmost extremity of the town.shij) of 
 Marysburgh, at the entrance of the Bay of Quinte. 
 
 Pluie, Lac la, lies between Sturgeon L ike and Lake Dubois, and 
 tj the eastward of the latt(U-. See Rain Lake. [The native name of 
 this lake is given as Tecamamionen. Lac Dubois is Lake of the 
 Woods.] 
 
 Pluie, Rivihre la, runs from Lac la Pluie westward, into Lac 
 Duboi.s. 
 
 Portaje, le Grand, on Lake Superior, leads from the north-west of 
 tiiat lake to a chain of smaller lakes, on the comnmnication to the 
 north-western trading ports. 
 
 Portaje de plein Champ, on the south-westerly branch of the Ottawa 
 River, above the main forks. 
 
 Portland Townnhip, in \\w County of Frontenac, lies west of Lougli- 
 boi'ough, and north of Kingston. \^A. compliment to the Duke of 
 Portlaiul of the day.] 
 
 Potlohawk Point, in the bay of Long Point, lies opposite to Turkey 
 Point. [On Lake Erie.] 
 
 Presentation Fort, or Oswejjatchie, on the .soutli side of the River 
 St. Lawrence, about Point Gallo. [Fort La Presentation originated 
 in the Abbe Picquet's Mission establislimeut of the same name. lie 
 was an active French agent among the Iroquois. The Marquis du 
 t^uesne used to say that the Abbe was as good oa ton I'egimeuts on 
 the French king's side.] 
 
 [^l^rescott County, in the Eastern District, is bounded by Monsieur 
 Longueil's, Seigniory on the east, by the Counties of Glengary and 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTOHY. 
 
 25 
 
 Stormont on the south, by the County of Russell on the west, and 
 on the north by the river Ottawa, or Grand River. Second edition. 
 (From Gen. Prescott, who succeeded Lord Dorchester as Governor- 
 General of Canada, in 179G.) ] 
 
 PresquHrh Major, of the St. Lawrence, is in front of the township 
 of Matilda, above Point Iroquois. 
 
 Presqu'isle, in the River St. Lawrence, is in Edwardsburgh, nearly 
 opj)Osite to Hospital Island, and above Pointe au Gallope. 
 
 Pres(ju'is/e Je QuintL See Newcastle. 
 
 Presse Matoiiua, at the Forks of the Ottawa River, the northei-ly 
 branch leading from the Lake Temiscaming, the south-west branch 
 from the ])ortage to Lake Nipissing : tliis is sometimes called the 
 Upper or Main Fork. 
 
 Pi'ieM^s Island, in the River St. Lawrence, above Point Gallo. 
 
 Prince Edward Buy, on the east shore of Marysburgh, is made by 
 Cape Vozey to the north, and Point Traverse to the south, in Lake 
 Ontario. [A compliment to the third son of George III., afterwards 
 Duke of Kent, and father of the Queen Victoria.] 
 
 Prince Edward County is bounded on the south by Lake Ontario ; 
 on the west by the carrying place on the i.sthmus of the Presqu'isle 
 de Quinte ; on the north by the Bay of Quint(5 ; and on the east, 
 from Point Pleasant to Point Traverse, by its several shores and 
 bays, including the late townships of Ameliasburgh, Soi>liiasburgh, 
 and Marysburgh. The County of Prince Edward comprehends all 
 the islands in Lake Ontario, and the Bay of Quintd near to it. The 
 l)Oundaries of this county were established by proclamation the IGth 
 of July, 1792. It sends, in conjunction with Adolphustown, in the 
 County of Lenox, one representative to the Provincial Parliament. 
 
 Prince Williams Island, on Lake Huron (formerly called Isle 
 Traverse), in Gloucester Bay. [A compliment to the king's son, 
 afterwards William IV.] 
 
 Puces, Rivihre aux, runs into Lake St. Clair, to the eastward of 
 Peches River. [Puces, inserts so named in French.] 
 
 Q. 
 
 Queeristown is situated ujion the Niagara River, aboiit seven miles 
 above Newark. It is at the head of the navigation for ships, and 
 the portage, occasioned by the Falls of Niagara, commences here. 
 There are huts enough here to receive a regiment. [A compliment 
 
 ->l 
 
 \w 
 
 
(" - 
 
 
 Ihi 
 
 \ 
 
 28 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 to Queen Charlotte, to balance " Kingston " at the east end of the 
 Lake.] 
 
 Quints, Isle de, in Lake Ontario, lies close off the shore of Amelias- 
 burgh, and opposite the we.st point that makes Sandy Bay. [This 
 appeal's to be the present Nicholson's Island.] 
 
 QuinU Lake was an ancient name of the Rice Lake. It is the 
 nearest lake to the head of the Bay of Quin+d, which receives its 
 waters by the River Trent. [Rice Lake is marked " Quentio " in 
 J. Rocque's map, of 1761. The name that has now become fixed and 
 familiar as Quints, appears in early documents or maps as Kant6, 
 Kanta, Keenthee, Keinthde, Kenthe, Kentey, Kenti, Kento, and 
 Quintay, r.-^presenting, tis in so many other instances, the efforts of 
 different Europeans to i-educe to writing sounds caught fi-om the lips 
 of aborigines. It seems to have indicated the name of a band of 
 natives, a detachment from the Iroquois side of Lake Ontario. One 
 early reporter says that Kenthd means '•' field."] 
 
 B. 
 
 Rabies, Isles aiix, several small islands at the entrance? of Lake 
 Superior, and at the east end thereof, east of White Fish Ish,nd, and 
 pretty close to the main land. [Properly Isles aux Erablef, Maple 
 Islands. A " Maple Island " is stUl marked in this quarher «>n maps.] 
 
 Babies, Pointe aux, in the Lake Superior, opposite to Isle aux 
 Rabies, the fii'st point to the northward after you enter the lake from 
 the Falls of St. Mary. 
 
 Raby Head, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in the toAvnship 
 of Darlington. [From Raby Head, in the English County of Durham, 
 bearing Raby Castle, a seat of the Earl of Darlington.] 
 
 Rain Lake lies to the westward of the chain of long lakes in the 
 vicinity of the gi-and portage of Lake Superior. The waters of this 
 lake are supplied from sources near to the westernmost part of Lake 
 Sui)erior, but are carried by a circuitous route into Hudson's Bay. 
 [Lac La Pluie.] 
 
 Rainfiam Township, in the Count)' of Norfolk, is the first town- 
 ship fronting on Lake Erie, west of the Grand River lands. [In the 
 County of Norfolk, England, ai-e the parishes of East, West, and 
 South Rainham.] 
 
 Raisin Isles, in Lake St. Francis, lie between the moiith of the 
 River aux Raisins and the point of that name. They ai'e siuall and 
 rocky. [Grape Islands.] 
 
5 y-i 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 27 
 
 Raiain, Pointe, in the Ijake S^ Francis, lies to the east of Pointe 
 iVd Lac. 
 
 Raisins, Riviere aux, runs through the '■ownships of Osnabruck 
 and Cornwall ; the Indian land, opposite to St. Regis, and the town- 
 shi[) of Charlottenburgh, emptying itself into Lake St. Francis, near 
 the south-east angle of the latter township. 
 
 Raleigh Toumship, in the County of Essex, lies west of Harwich ; 
 tlio Thames bounding it to the noi*th, and Lake Erie to the south- 
 ward. [From a well-known Devonshire family name, made illus- 
 trious by Sir Walter Puileigh.] 
 
 Rajiid Plat, hie au, in the River St. Lawrence, in front of the 
 township of Matilda, contains about 200 acres. The soil is good, and 
 lies partly in front of the township of Williamsburgh also. [The 
 island retains this naaie on Bouchette'.s map. Plat=smooth.] 
 
 tiawdon, Toiiuinhip, in the County of Hastings, lies in the rear and 
 north of Sidu+'j. [From a title of the second Earl of Moira, who was 
 also Earl of Kawdon and Mai'quLs of Hastings, " a gallant soldier, 
 an eloquent senator, and a popular statesman."] 
 
 Red River, on the north-east shore of Lake Svperior, runs into 
 that lake a little more to the northward than Isle Beauhamois. 
 
 Regis, St., is nearly on the 45th parallel of north latitude, and a 
 considerable village of Indians converted to the Roman Catholic 
 faitb, situated on the south shore of the River ist. Lawrence, above 
 Lake St. Francis. [From the name of Jean FrangoLs Regis, a Jesuit, 
 tvHionized June 16, 1737.] 
 
 Remou, Graml, thu-d township. River St. Lawrence. Lies between 
 the Isle do trois Chenaux Ecart^es and the main land, about 44 degi'ees 
 .')0 minutes north latitude. [Remou8=eddy. Chenaux Ecai'tees^::: 
 disused channels.] 
 
 Retreat, Pointe, in Marysburgh, is near the head of Ti'averse Bay, 
 behind the north end of the westernmost island, above Orphan Island. 
 
 Rice Lake, in the Homo District [second ed., Newcastle District], 
 fi'om whence there is a poi'tage of eleven miles to Lake Ontario. It 
 discharges itself by the River Trent into the head of the Bay of 
 Cjuint^. [The Otcliipway word for wild rice Ls manomin. Rice 
 ]jake was sometimes called Lake of the Kentds or Quinties, an Iro- 
 ([uois band mentioned above,] 
 
 Richmond l^ownship, in the County of Lenox, lies north of Fred- 
 ericksburgh, in the Bay of Quintt^, and is watered in front by the 
 
 1 
 
 :! 
 
< 
 
 28 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 River Appann^e. [A compliment to the Duke of Riolimoud, before 
 his nomination to the Governorship of Canada. Apjiannce is the 
 present Napanee.] 
 
 Ilideau River is in the eastern district, and, running somewhat 
 parallel to the River Petite Nation, emi)ties itself into the Grand, oi- 
 Ottawa river, about three miles higher up. The huid on each side of 
 this river is very good for settlem-'uts. [The name of the lliver 
 ilideau seems to have given great trouble to the surveyors and others 
 ignorant of French. In Stegmann's corres{)ondenc(i with D. W. 
 Smith, Surveyor-General, it ligures as Radeaux. lUidoau, and Ro.ideau. 
 Here is one of Stegmann's letters: "Johnstown, 8th Jan., 1790. 
 Sir : I was duly hononreil with the receival of your lett(;rs dated Otli, 
 10th, and 22nd November last, and send by the bearer, Mr. Elias 
 Jones, the requested reports of the reserved lauils, for Government 
 and the Clergy, of the different towiLships on the lilvcr Jieadeau ; 
 likewise a report of Masting and other Tind)er tit for the Royal Navy 
 in the township of Wolford ; as there is noi.e within my knowledge 
 in any the other townships whicli were surveyed by me, e.\cep<- jt 
 veiy few trees in front of the river, of sevei-al lots, and .scarcely any 
 pine timl)er fit for this use."] 
 
 Jlideau, Petite JUviere, runs into the Ottawa river, in the towiLship 
 of Havi^kesbury, above the river Mullashannon. 
 
 Jt'uche, Ctipitaiae, Portage, is on the Ottawa river, al)ove riviere du 
 Moine. 
 
 Rockers, Pointe aux, in Mons. de Longueil's Seigniory, on the sout!i 
 side of the Ottawa river, lies between Pointe a la Runial and Riviei»' 
 an Attica. 
 
 Rochester Township, lies on Lake St. Clair, between Tilbury and 
 Maidstone. [From the ancient city of Rochester on the Mtsdway in 
 Kent; the Roman Burobrivoe. Rochester, in the State of New 
 York, is from a famUy name common in its neighbourhood.] 
 
 Rock Point, on the north shore of Lake Ontaiio, is to the eastward 
 of Pointe aux Cheveaux. 
 
 Rocky Island, in the river Detroit, lies on the east side of Grosse 
 Isle, and close to it : this island is a rock, the stone of which is valu- 
 able for building and for lime. The rock is in strata lying pretty 
 regular. There is no wood on this island. 
 
 Rocky Point, in Muddy Lake; the great point north of CariViuu 
 Island on the main. 
 
 > « 
 
< 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 29 
 
 ore 
 
 Romney Toion^hip, in tlie County of E,s.sex, lies south of Tilbury, 
 on Lake Erie, near tlie South Forehand. [From a borough and 
 market town in Kent, situate on a hill, in the midst of *' Romney 
 Marsh," 50,000 acres of rich land defended from the encroachment 
 of the sea by an embankment or wr-ll three miles in length, twenty 
 fi3et high, twenty feet broad at the top, three hundred feet broad at 
 the base.] 
 
 Rose, Portage d la, on the south-weEitern branch of the Ottawa 
 river, above the n])[)er Main Fork, and higher than Portage de Plein 
 Cliamp. 
 
 Roiaje River, on t'le north side of Lake Superior, discharges itself 
 into that lake, west of Pointe au Calumet. [There are several other 
 rivers of this name.] 
 
 Roxburgh Totcnxhlp, in the County of Stormont, lies in the rear of 
 Cornwall. [From John, third Duke of Roxburgh, tho famous book 
 collector, who died in 1804.] 
 
 Royal, Isle,, in the south-west of Lake Superior, lies to the north 
 of Isle Philipi)eaux, north-east of West Bay, and south of the Grand 
 Portage : it is about 100 miles long and 40 broad. 
 
 Runial, Pointe d, la, on the south side of the Ottawa River, lies 
 between Mons. de Ijongueil's Seigniory and the second townahip, now 
 added to Hawkeslnny. 
 
 Ruscom Rirer falls into Lake St. Clair, between Pointe aux Roches 
 and Belle River. A loaded boat may go six miles '.p this liver ; the 
 land is exceedingly good on its banks : there is a settlement of 
 Indians a few miles up it. [From Ruscomb, a village in Berkshii'e.] 
 
 Russell Township, in the County of Leeds, lies to the northward 
 of Kitley. [From Peter Russell, afterwards President of Upper 
 Canada.] 
 
 (Tohc concluded in, tilt next Journal.) 
 
 Ill 
 
 -i-nliA'firmt 
 
II 
 
 «■■ 
 
 1.1 
 
1 
 
 [31] 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 THE FIRST GAZETTEER OF UPPER CANADA. 
 
 WITH ANNOTATIONS, 
 
 BY tHE REV. HENRY SCAODINO, D,I>. 
 
 s. 
 
 Sables Dorin, Portage aux, in the Ottawa River, a little above 
 Grand Calumet and Portage du Montaigne. 
 
 Sables, Bioiere aux, runs into the south of Lake Huron, south of 
 the highlands, and easterly to where the waters of that lake descend 
 into River St. Clair. 
 
 Sa//anaskokam River : see Moira River. [(?) Englishman's River,] 
 
 Sarj(jathewi<jewam : now called the River Trent. [Outlet marked 
 by a hut.] 
 
 Salmon Greek, rises near the salt springs of the River Trent, and 
 running northerly, discharges itself into that river among several 
 small islands. 
 
 Salmon Greek, Great, empties itself into the River Trent at its first 
 great bend to the westward, a little below the second Rapids, near a 
 few small islands. 
 
 Salmon Greek, Biff, runs into Lake Ontario, between the townships 
 of Cramah6 and Haldimand. 
 
 Salmon Greek, Little, runs into Lake Ontario, neur the centre of 
 the township of Cramah^. 
 
 Saltjleet Township, in the county of Lincoln, lies west of Grimsby, 
 and fronts Lake Ontario. [From a market-town and parish in 
 Lincolnshire.] 
 
 SandiAnky Island, in Lake Erie, lies a little south-east of the Bass 
 Islands, and near to Sandusky Bay. [The same as Cunningham's 
 Island.] 
 
 Sandvnch Tov^< \ip is situated upon the upper part of the Detroit 
 River, and con .«. ads the old Fi'ench settlements; it has a thriving 
 town of the f «i name, a little below the fort of Detroit, on the 
 
 

 32 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 east side of the river, wliere a gaol and court-house liave been 
 erected. [From Sandwich on the Stour, in Kent, the princii)al of 
 the Cinque Ports.] 
 
 Saiixhj Bay, Little, on Lake Ontario, between Sophiasburyh and 
 Mary.sburgh, is supplied by the East Lake, lying also between those 
 townshijis, in the County of Prince Edward. 
 iSdiufi/ -Bay, Great : see Sandy Bay. 
 
 Sandy Bay, on Lake Ontario, in the township of Ani.)liasbiirgh, 
 lies immediately east of, and close to, the Isle de Quintc. 
 
 Sandy Point, at the easterly extremity of Isle Touti, o])posite to 
 the mouth of Tonegayon Bay. 
 
 Sandy River, runs into the head of Little Sandy Bay, Lake Ontario. 
 San'jas, or St. Dask^s Creek, a small stream emptying itself into 
 Lake Erie, east of Sangas Point : it affords a harbour for boats, 
 having about three feet of water on its bar. [Possibly the humour 
 of some voyageur ti-ansformed Sangas into St. Dusk. In like mood, 
 certain American revolutionists made a saint of Taumiany, a defunct 
 Delaware chief.] 
 
 Sangas Point, or St. Dusk's Point, on the north shore of Lake 
 Erie, east of the River Wavency : this is the most projecting point 
 between the mouth of the Ouse and the North Foreland. [Sangas 
 may be connected with Sangwewessin=It rings (like metal when 
 struck.)] 
 
 Saumon River, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, lies between 
 Pigeon Bay and Petits Ecors. [Not the Highland creek ; it must be 
 farther to the east.] 
 
 Sadt, Long, third township. River St. Lawrence, is the greatest 
 ra}jid on this river. The current runs with great velocity ; very fev/' 
 accidents, however, have happened in passing this rift, there being 
 no sudden fall in it, except at the foot of the Saftt. 
 
 Savatte, Isle d, la, a very small island in the River St. Lawrence, a 
 little below Isle de Chenal Ecart6. [Savatte = old shoe.] 
 
 Scarborough f owns/dp, so noted for its high banks, is in the east 
 riding of the Jounty of York, and lies to the west of the townshi[) 
 of Pickering, fronting Lake Ontario. [From the name of a seaport 
 and borough in i'ovkshire.] 
 
 SerpentfLe, is on the north shore of Lake Huron, and lies east of 
 Mississaga River, and to the westward of Isle la Cloche. [This is a 
 river marked on Bouchette's maps.] 
 
 I / 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 33 
 
 to 
 
 i» 
 
 I / 
 
 Scvrmi lUi'cr, conveys tho waters of Lake Sinicoe from the north- 
 ern extrouiity of that lake into the head of Glonct^ster Bay and Har- 
 bour, T^ake Huron. [The nortliern extremity of Lake Sinicoe is now 
 known a.s Lake Couchiching : said to denote •' whei-e a river descends 
 from a hike." The Ochipway name for the Severn is Wanautgit- 
 cheanpt=The round-about river.] 
 
 Shangnnnac, on the north shore of Lake Superior, east of Black 
 Bay. [In Bayfield's chart, (ireater and Lesser Shaganash Fishery. 
 Shagaii!ish=: Englishman. The word has reference to "the appear- 
 aTice of a sail upon the horizon."] 
 
 iShannon River, em[)ties itself into the Bay of Quints, ten or 
 twelve miles above the Mohawk settlement. 
 
 S/iawnese Township, lies at the mouth of the River Cheval Ecart6, 
 <on the east side of the River St. Clair. [This name has disappeared. 
 West Dover seems to have taken its place.] 
 
 Ship Island, is of very small extent, and is situated between the 
 Bass Islands and Cunningham Island, in Lake Erie. 
 
 Short Point, on Lake Erie, township of Wainfleet, county of Lm- 
 coln : this is the fii-st point east of the Six Nations' land, Grand 
 River. 
 
 Shijotk Cape, in Michipicoten Bay, Lake Superior, between Gor- 
 gontua Point and tho mouth of tho River Michipicoten. [In Bay- 
 Held's chart marked Cheyye.] 
 
 Sidney Township, in the County of Hastings, is situated at the 
 head of the Bay of Quint('\ immediately above Thurlow. [Proli ibly 
 from the first Viscount Sydiey, Thomas Townshend.] 
 
 Siiucoe Lake, formerly Laki avix Claies, vOnentirouk, or Sheniong, 
 is situated between York and Gloucester, upon Lake Huron. It has . 
 a few small islands and several good harbours : a vessel is now build- 
 ing for the purpose of facilitating the communication to Lake Huron 
 by that route. [Also called Lake Toronto. Ouentironk is probably 
 identical with Toronto, which, written more fully, was Atoronton 
 and Otoronton, denoting a place where there are many inhabitants, 
 a rendez-vous of numerous bands, i.e., of Wyandots or Hurons. See 
 Sagaril and Parkman. This lake was long the centre of a populous 
 region. Appended to this article in the Gazetteer is the following 
 note : — So named by Lieutenant-General Simcoe, in respect to his 
 father, the late Captain Simcoe, of the Royal Navy, who died in the 
 River St. Lawrence, on the expedition to Quebec, in 1759. In the 
 

 ■■Ill 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 \> 
 
 34 
 
 CANADIAN I-OCAI. HISTORY, 
 
 year 1755, this able officer had furnished Government with the phiri 
 of operationa against Quebec, wliich then took place : at the time of' 
 liis death, Captain Cook, the celebrated circumnavigator, was mabter 
 of his ship, the Pembroke.] 
 
 Sinclair River [or St. dlair, 2nd edition], runs from north to southy 
 being the strait between Lake Huron and Lake 8t. Clair. [The cor- 
 rect form of the name is Sainte Claire, as given to the lake by La 
 Salle, in 1G79.] -, , ,\ o M.t\ I i ^i^y^*vi^^ ] , ^V^ » 
 
 Sinion, or Sheniong Lake, now Lake Simcoe : which see, [Shcni-* 
 ong possibly - Silver or silvery.] 
 
 Sister, Bast, The, a small island in Lalre Erie, the ea.stemraost of 
 the three islands called the Sisters, and to the north of the Bass Is- 
 lands, 
 
 Sister, West, a small island at the west end of I^ake Erie, beings 
 the westernmost of the islands called the Sisters, and westerly of the 
 Bass Islands. 
 
 Scldosser Fort, or Little Niagara, [i^i-om the name of a French 
 officer of Engineers,] 
 
 Smith's Creek, runs into Lake Ontario, in the east part of the town- 
 ship of Hope. [The river at Fort Hope : called elsewhere in the 
 Gaajtteer, Ganaraska,] 
 
 Sophiashurgh Township, in the County of Prince Edward, lies to 
 the northward of Hallowell, and in the Bay of Quints, [A compli- 
 ment to the Princess Sophia.] 
 
 Sorcerer's Lake, or Lake Nipissing : q. v. [In Carver's map of the 
 Province of Quebec in 1763, the Lake bears both of these names.] 
 
 Southwold Township, in the County of Suffolk, lies west of Yar- 
 mouth, having Lake Erie for its southern boundary. [From the 
 name of a seaport in Suffolk.] 
 
 Sugar-loaf Hill, a small natural landmark, on the north shore of 
 Lake Erie, between Point Abino and the Grand River, on the boun- 
 dary between the townships of Hnmberstone and Wainfleet. 
 
 Sutherland's Creek, runs into Lake St. Francis, between Pointe a« 
 Bodet and Pointe Mouill6e in the township of Lancaster. 
 
 Talbot's River, emptiea itself into Lake Simcoe, and on the east 
 side thereof. [From Col. Talbot. The native name was Nummai- 
 bene sippi, Sucker River.] 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL IIIHTORY. 
 
 36 
 
 < ' » 
 
 Tiihnis, Portage fie, on tho sonth-wcst branch of tho Ottawa River, 
 iniMUMliatoly iibovo Rapides des Porches. [From Do Talon, Intondant 
 under Do Tracy.] 
 
 Te'jfioffi'ti, on tho north shore of Ijiike Ontario, lies about half-way 
 between Yoi-k and tlm head of tho Bay of Quinte. [At Port Hope. 
 It is a Mohawk word denotiTip a carrying-y)lace. ] 
 
 Thames Rliicr, formerly L,i Tranche or Troncho, and by tho Indians, 
 Esse-cunny-seepe, rises in the Chippewa country, and, ruiniiu;,' south- 
 wpst(!rly, washes the Counties of (the west riding of) York, Norfolk, 
 Hiitfolk, and Kent, and diseiuboLfues itscilf into Lake St. Clair, abovo 
 Dtftroit: it is a river of considerable extent, without falls. From 
 its upper branches it communicates by small Portages with Lake Hu- 
 ron and tho Crand River. The site of Oxford is on its upper Fork, 
 and that intended for Dorchester on its middle fork ; London on the 
 main fork, and Chatham on the lower fork. It is a line inland canal, 
 and capiible of being higlily improved. The lands on its banks aro 
 extremely fc^-tile. [The nativ(i name, given above, means Horn River.] 
 
 T/iessafoii Point, in Muddy Lake, is the angle made by tliat lake 
 and a channel leading to French River, Matchedash, ikc, and lies 
 parallel to Ca'-ibou Island. 
 
 ThrxHiihm U- i-i'T, runs into Lake Huron, a little to the eastward of 
 Muddy Lake, on the north shore. 
 
 Thompsoiis Isliind, lies near the entrance of the River St. Clair: 
 it scarcely contains 200 acres of dry laud fit for tillage, but a great 
 in.vny acres of marsh. 
 
 Tliorohl Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies south of Gran- 
 tham, and is watoi'ed by the River Welland. [Probably from Sir 
 John Thorold, M.P. for Lincolnshire in 1793.] 
 
 Thunder Bay, on the north shore of Lake Superior, opposite to 
 the east end of Isle de Minatte. There is a remarkable high moun- 
 tain at its easternmost cape. 
 
 llmnder litij), in Lake Huron, lies to the eastward of Cabot's 
 Head, and westward of Gloucester Bay. 
 
 Tharlow Toitmshij), in tho County of Hastings, lies near the head 
 of the Bay of Quints, and eastward of Sidney. [A compliment to 
 Edward Thurlow, Lord High Chancellor of England, created Baron 
 Thurlowin 1792.] 
 
 Tilburi/ Township, in the western district, is situated upon Lake 
 St. Clair, west of Raleigh, where the Thames disembogues itself into 
 that hxke. [From Tilbury Fort on the Thames.] 
 
 
 
Ill 
 
 36 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 TobacoJce: see River aiix Attokas. [The Etobicoke or Alder 
 Creek.] 
 
 Tonagayon Bay, on Lake Ontario, opposite to tlie east end of Ani- 
 lierst Island, lies between Kingston and Ernestown. [In the Seiieca 
 dialect = Full of hickory bark.] 
 
 Tonianta Creek, runs into the River St. Liiwrence, in the town- 
 ship of Yonge. [Tonawanda in the Seneca dialect is Swift Water.] 
 
 Tonti Isle, now called Aumerst Island, by proclamation, the IGth 
 July, 1792. [From the Italian form of Henri de Tonty's name, Lii 
 Salle's companion and lieutenant. He had lost a hand, which was 
 rejjliiced by one of iron, over which he wore a glove. Troublesome 
 Indians and o^hera stood in awe of this mysterious hand.] 
 
 Tc.Ji, Petite Isle, op{)o,site the mouth of Tonagayon Bay, and off 
 Sandy Point, the eastern extremity of Amherst Island. 
 
 To)Ui Rivev, runs into Lake Erie, west of Landguard. 
 
 Toronto, now called York, q. v. [The site of Toronto derives its 
 name from a fort or trading-post usually known a.s Fort Toronto, but 
 the official name of Avhich Wiis Fort Rouill6, so called ti-om Antoine 
 Louis Rouillo, French Colonial Minister in 1749. Tlie fort or trad- 
 .' .^-house marked the point of debarcation for the overland march to 
 the Toronto region, i.e., the i)opulous Huron country round Lake 
 Toronto, the modern Ijako Simcoe. The starting-place ultimately 
 usur[)ed the name of the goal.] 
 
 Toronto Baij, now called York Harbour. 
 
 TorotUo Lake (or Toronto), Lake le Clie, was formerly so call*;d by 
 some : others called the chain ut lakes, from the vicinity of Matcho- 
 dash towards the head of the Bay of Quinte, the Toronto lakes, and 
 the copnnunication from the one to the other wjis called t)ie Toronto 
 Rivei". [In the general map accompanying the North Amcncau and 
 West Indian Gazetteer, 1778, this chain of lakes iti named Toronto 
 River,] 
 
 IWonto River, called by some St. John's River, now called the 
 Humber. 
 
 Tortue, Poi'tatje de la, a.t the head of the south-west ))ranch of the 
 Ottawa River, near to the small lake which joins the portage leading 
 to Lake Ninissing. [Tortue = Tortoise,] 
 
 Tourtes, Isle mix, in Lake Ontario, lies off the south-west pouit of 
 Wolfe Island. [Tourtes - Wild j)igeons.] 
 
 Tourtes, Point aux, on the north shore of Lake Superior, is the 
 east point of a bay of the same name. 
 
 n. 
 
 ■> 
 
1 1, 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 37 
 
 ' 
 
 Tower Point, the eas+erly point that makes Duck Cove, in Marys- 
 burgh, and west of Point Travei-se, in Lake Ontario. 
 
 Townsend, the Township of, including what is called its Gore, in 
 the County of Norfolk, lies in the rear and to the nortli of Wood- 
 house. [From the Marquis of Townshend, a distinguished militnry 
 officer, who, after the death of General Wolfe, became Commander- 
 in-Chief. To him, as such, Quebec was sun-endercd.] 
 
 Trafalgar Township, is in tlie west riding of the County of York, 
 on the Lake Ontario ; and lies between the townships of Toronto and 
 Nelson. Second Edition. 
 
 Traverse Bay, on Lake Ontario, is made by Cape Traverae and 
 Point Traverse, both in Marysburgh. [La Traver.se denoted a place 
 in the route where the voyageurs took the opposite side of the stream, 
 or struck directly across from one promontaiy to another, without 
 coasting.] 
 
 Traverse Cape, in Marysburgh, on Lake Ontario, is the main point 
 to the northward of Orphan Island, and south of Point Pleasant. 
 
 Traverse Isle, now called Prince William's Island, Lake Huron. 
 
 Traverse Pointe, is the south-east point of Marysburgh, in Lake 
 Ontario, near to the Duck Islands : this point forms nearly a penin- 
 sula. 
 
 Trarerse, Pointe A la, on tlie north shore of the River St. Law- 
 rence, })arallel with Isle Morpion, tuid about three miles above Pointe 
 du Lac St. Francis. 
 
 Traverse, Rivihre d, la, runs into the St. Lawrence a little above 
 Pointe au Clicne, amongst the St. Regis Islands. 
 
 Trent Hirer, runs out of the Rice Lake, and discharges itself into 
 the head of tl»e Bay of Quinte. Some miles up this river there are 
 salt springs, three gallons of the water making one gallon of salt: the 
 natives make sulhcieut for their use. [A. Jones gives as the native 
 name of the Trent, Saugi-chi-wig-e-wonk - Strong waters : rapids.] 
 
 Trois Cheuanx Ecartis, fslede, in the River St. liawronce, opposite 
 the tDWjiship of Osn.ihruck, contains from (iOO to 700 acres: the 
 soil good. [Till' Tinve Disused (/"haniicls.] 
 
 Trous Leveil/ier, on the Ottawa Rivei', between the Petit Detroit 
 and the portage Roche Capitaino. [Trou^Hole. Leveiller, proper 
 name.] 
 
 7\v.'key Island, Honintimes callod Petite Isle au.'C Indos, is situated 
 in the River Detroit, between the lower end of Fighting Island and 
 
 
u 
 
 38 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 the marsh of the River Cananls : it lies in front of the north-west 
 angle of the Huron reserve. [''On y trouve des Poulos d'lnde et dea 
 Cignes en quantity" : thus Hennejun reports of this neighbourhood. 
 Nouveau Voyage, chap, xix.] 
 
 Turkey Point, in the township of Charlotteville, situatetl in the 
 bay of Long Point, Lake Erie, affoi'ds a harbour with a chan)iel to it, 
 of sufficient (le])th of water for any vessel : above the point is the 
 town-plot and site for tlie barracks. 
 
 Ihirtle Island. A small island at the entrance of the Miami bay. 
 
 Two liiverx, The, run into Lake Ontario, near the centre of -he 
 township of Darlington. [A. Jones gives as a eef^;gijst, term for the 
 16 and IG mile creeks (from Burlington Bjiy), Nan-swau-sink = Two 
 creeks near each other. Properly, Nah-sali-gah-way, Where the 
 sti-eam forks or divides.] 
 
 U 
 
 Urfe River, afterwards called Gmnd River, now the Ouse, Lake 
 Erie. [From D'Urfc, a French proper name.] 
 
 Uxhriihje, in the east riiliug of rlu; Comity of York, is to the north- 
 wai'd in the rear of Pickering. Sccouil Edition. [From U.\britlga 
 in Middlesex, or in coui[>liment to the Eai'l of Uxbriilgo of the day.] 
 
 VaiigJian Toivnship, in the eivst riding of the ( V)unty of York, lies 
 on the west side of Yonge Street, in the rear o.', and to the iKn-thward 
 of, the townshij) of York. [From tlie fourUi Viscount Vaughan, 
 (17U3,) wh. was also Earl of Lisburu.] 
 
 Vesey Cape, in the townsliij) of i\Iary.sl)urgh, on La.ke Ontario, is 
 the noiiheni })oint which makes Prince Edward'.s Bay. [From Tho- 
 mas Vesey, Barm Knajiton, who was creattMl Viscount de Vcsci in 
 1776.] 
 
 Wahnscommuncf, is one of the lakes on thecommunicatiuu between 
 Lake Simcoe and the Uico Lake. [ -Riibliit iiake. | 
 
 Wainflfft Toionship, in the County of Lincoln, lie.s we.st of Hum- 
 berstone, and fronts Ijake Erie, being wat(;red by the Welliind to the 
 north. [From the name of a market town in Lincolnshire, situated 
 on a creek or inlet of the sea.] 
 
 Walpolc Toinnnhip, in the (bounty of Norfolk, lies west of Rain- 
 ham, and fronts Lake Erie. [From the distinguished English family 
 name.] 
 
 '. t 
 
 a I 
 
 
 A 
 
'(» 
 
 
 X V 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 39 
 
 Walsingham Township, lies west of Charlotteville, in the County 
 of Norfolk, having the bay and marsh of Long Point in its front. 
 
 Wapose Island, in Lake Ojitario, lies off the northerly point that 
 makes Prince Eil ward's Bay, on the easterly shore of Marysburgh. 
 [Wah-bose = Rabbit.] 
 
 Washqitarter, or Weighqueta, afterwards called Lake Geneva, and 
 now Burlington Bay, by proclamation, IGth July, 1792, is a veiy 
 beautiful small lake, l^'ing within the head of Lake Ontario, from 
 which it is divided by a long beach : over the outlet has been erected 
 a good bridge; and on the southern pait of the beach, near the por- 
 tage, is a good inn, erected by His Excellency Major-General Simcoe. 
 [A. Jones gives the name as We-qua-te-tong, and says its meaning is 
 8im{)ly Bay. The outlet, he says, was Pimmetetoug-gonk = Creek 
 running through the sand. Blorgan says that Burlington Bay was 
 called in the Mohawk dialect, De-o-na-sa-de-o = Where the sand forms 
 a bar.] 
 
 Waveney Rioer, in the County of Norfolk, rises in the township 
 of Townsend, and running thence southerly, through the townships 
 of WoodliuuKi' and Walpole. discharges itself into Lake Erie, where 
 it has about three feet water over the bar, and is a good harbour for 
 batteaux. [The English Waveney falls into the Yare, not far from 
 Yarmouth, Sutlblk.] 
 
 Wenltagonk, runs into Lake Ontario, in the west part of the town- 
 ship of Clarke. [Pcsrhaps the meaning is Frenchman's Creek. Ba- 
 raga says Wemetigogi means Frenchman, ile does not interpret the 
 word, which, however, denotes " one who travels in a wooden canoe 
 or boat."] 
 
 W'jst Jiay, Great, comjn-ehends 11 that part of the Bay of QuinttS 
 from John's Island, uj)wards, to the hoaci of the bay. 
 
 Wext Hay, litis in the south-west extremity of Lake Superior, within 
 the Isies Koyale and Philippcaux. 
 
 West Lake, lies l)otwet!n h' 'udy B-y and Little* Sandy Bay, on Lake 
 Ontario, east of tli j Isle do Quin , and is in the township of Sophias- 
 burgh. 
 
 Western District, The, was originally constituted and erected into 
 a district by the name of the District of He.sse, in the Province of 
 Quebec, by His Excellency Lord Doi-chester's proclamation, of the 
 24th July, 1788. It received its pr(.sent name by an Act of the 
 Provincial Legislature : it is bounded southerly by Lake Erie j eaa- 
 
'••./.■^:^> 
 
 !i 
 
 40 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 I' 1^ 
 
 terly by a meridian passing tlirougli the eastern extremity of Long 
 Point, now the North Forehmd, and comprehends all the lands north- 
 westerly of those boundaries, not included within the bounds of the 
 Hudson's Bay Compiiny, or the territory of the United States. The 
 boundary which divides it from Louisiana is not well known after 
 reaching the sources of the MisHissip})i. [In the Second Edition the 
 boundaries are given thus : Southerly l)y Lake Erie ; easterly by the 
 London district ; on the west by the Detroit, Lake St. CUair, and 
 River St. Clair ; and on the north by the Kiver Hiu'on.] 
 
 Westminster Townsltlp. is situated upon the lliver Thames, adjoin- 
 ing to London. 
 
 Whithif Township, in the east riding of the County of York, lies 
 "west oi' Dailiugton, and fronts Lake Ontario. [From a seaport of 
 Yorkshire at the mouth of the Eske.] 
 
 Whitchnrch Township, in the east riding of thf> '■"■ ^...^.y of York, 
 
 fronts to Yonge Street, and lies to the nortlnvai'l 
 
 Markham. 
 
 [Thei'e are five places of this name in Englaml ; the one in Shrop- 
 shire has a a ancient free school.] 
 
 Whitef'ih Island, at the east end of Lake Superior, a little west of the 
 Isle aux Rabies, and near to which the lake forces its jtassago l>y the 
 Falls of tVu. i\Iary. [Otchipway for Whitefisli is Atikameg, Deerlish.] 
 
 WUliamsbvrijh, Township, in the County of Dundas, is the fifth 
 township in ascending the river St. Lawrence. [A compliment to 
 Prince William, Duke of Clarence.] 
 
 WiUonghby Township, in the County of Lincoln, lies between Ber- 
 tie anu tiit- River Wei land, on the west side of Niagara River. [Wil- 
 loughby, a parish ii^ Warwickshire, with Roman remains. Chris- 
 topher 'Villouvhby wixs created a baronet in 1794.] 
 
 Winchester To "rmhij), in the Coiiiity of Dundas, lies in the rear, 
 and to the i ortli vard of Willianisburgh. 
 
 Wivdhc.y, '/'"wnship, in the County of Norfolk, lies in the rojir and 
 north of Ch»i,ilot^cviIiy. [From the distinguished statesman, ttnnj). 
 George III. >Tis i).:st, by NoJlekins, is isFellbrigg Church, Norfolk.] 
 
 Wolfe hhinJ, in the County of Ontario, lies ojiposite to Kingston 
 and Pittsburgh, iu the nan-ow part, M'hero Lake Ontario forces into 
 the St. Lawrence. [The solitary local moniorial of General Wolfe 
 in Upper Canada.] 
 
 Wolford Township, lies partly in the Township of Gronvillo ond 
 partly iii Leeds, in the rear and to the north of the townahips of 
 
 . II 
 
 : J 
 
J \ 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 41 
 
 Elizabt^tlitown and Augusta, and is washed by the River Rideau. ' 
 [From the name of the family scat of Lieiit.-Geueral Simcoe, near 
 Honiton, in Dovonshiro.J 
 
 Woolhouse Township, in the County of Norfolk, lies west of Wal- 
 pole, aud fronts Lake Erie. [Several families of distinction bear this 
 name in the ]']u<,-lish Norfolk. Sir Joiiu Wo lehouse was raised to the 
 peerage in 171)7, as Baron Wodehouse, of Kimberley, in the County 
 of Norfolk.] 
 
 Woods, Lake of the. See Lac du Bois. 
 
 Wye, River, runs from a small lake near the north-west end of Lake 
 Simcoe, into (ilouecster Bay, Lake Huron. , - 
 
 « > 
 
 Yarmouth Township, in the County of Norfolk, lies to the west of 
 Houghton, and fronts Lake Erie. [Probably a compliment to Fran- 
 cis Seymour, Lord Conway, who in 1 793 wius made Earl of Yarmouth.] 
 
 Yonge Street, is the direct communication from York to Lake Sim- 
 coe, opened during the admuiistration of Iiis Excellency Miijor-Gen- 
 eral Lieut. -Ciivernor Simcoe, who, having visited Lake Hn >n by 
 Lake aux Claies, (formerly also called Ouentaronk, or Sinion, and 
 now named Lake Simcoe,) discovered the harbour of Penetanguishene 
 (now Gloucester) to be tit for shipping, and resolved on improving the 
 communication from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron by this short 
 route, thereby avoiding the circuitous passage of Lake Erie. This 
 street has been opened in a direct line, and the I'oad made by the 
 troops of His Excellency's corps. It is thirty miles from York to 
 Holland's River, at the i)ine fort called Gwillimbury, where the road 
 ends : from thence you descend into Lake Simcoe, and having passed 
 it there are two passages into Lake Huron — the one by the River 
 Severn, wliich conveys the waters of Lake Simcoe into <'!v>ucester 
 Bay ; the other by a small portage, a continuation of Yonge fcftreet, to 
 a smidi lake, which also runs into Gloucester Bay : this communica- 
 tion atfords many advantages; merchandise from Montreal to Michi- 
 limaokinac may be sent this way at ten or fifteen pounds less expense 
 per ton, than by the route of the Grand or Ottawa River; aud the 
 merchandise from New York, to be sent u}) the North and Mohawk 
 rivers for the north-west trade, finding its way into I^ake Ontario at 
 Oswoi^o (Fort Ontario), the advantage will certainly be felt of trans- 
 porting goods from Oswego to York, and from thence across \onge 
 
 MlliMilln 
 

 k 
 
 •« ill 
 
 - i 
 
 42 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 Street, and down the waters of Lake Simcoe into Lake Huron, in 
 profei'ence to sending it by Lake Erie. [Tiiis street was nairied from 
 Sir George Yonge, a member of the Im])erial (Tovernineut, temp. 
 Geo. HI. He was of a distinguished Devonshire family.] 
 
 Yonge Township, in the County of Leeds, is the tenth township in 
 ascending the lliver St. liawrenee. 
 
 York Countfi, consists of two ridings, the east and west. The east 
 riding is bounded on the east by the westerniuo.st lino of the County 
 of Durham ; on the south by Lake Ontario, until it meets the eastern 
 bouutiaiy of a tract of land belonging to the Mississiiga Indians ; on 
 the west by fciie easternmost boundaiy line of the said tract, running 
 north IG deg. west, the distance of iJ8 miles, thence north 74 deg. 
 eiist, 14 miles, thence south 16 deg. cast, 1*5 miles to the southern 
 boundary of the lands belonging to the Indians, and thenci; along the 
 said tract parallel to Lake Oidii io, until it meets the north-western- 
 most boundary of tlie County of Durham. The Avost i-iding of the 
 County of York is l)onnded on the east by the westernmost line of a 
 tract of land beloiigijig to tli" Mississaga Indians, running noith 45 
 deg. west, to the lliver L.; Tranche (to be called the Thames); on the 
 Houth by Burlington ^^ ly au'l the carrying-place leading through the 
 Mohav'k village, ti "l^ere U i'ltorsects the Kiver La Tranche, or 
 Thames; and theuce w{\ t',\\, rivir to the nortii-westernmost boun- 
 dary of a tract of land beloiigiu'; to the Mississaga Indians. The 
 boundaries of this county ^vero esr.iblish(!d by proclamation the Ifith 
 July, 1792. It sends, in cnujunction with the County of Durham 
 and the first ridiag of the C )uuty of Lincoln, one re[)resentative to 
 the Provincial P uliament. \\.\\ tiie Second Edition, instead of "the 
 eastern boundai y of a tiact of land, &c.," the description reads thus, 
 "the eastern biundarv of Toronto township, wliic)), with the Missis- 
 saga tract,* gives its west;irn limits; and on the north by Holland's 
 
 •The followiiic; is Ihu t-xt i)f tliu Iiintiuruoiit dually Hiirri'iKloiinj! thi' Missin.na^.i trint, (It 
 UHi'<l ti) 1)1' Haiil tii'it t'ln wholi' tiMi't wiis olitiiiiii.-il liy the Crowi.' for tln' sum nC t.'ii -lii.'iiit?!'. 
 It will 111- seen tli:it iliis wun a (Miiisidfu'.itiDr; niiiiicil .simply (iru /nniil. The oliji'ct <i( the tlov.n- 
 ment was t ) (luiut tho title of the Crown, the oii;^iii,il deeil h.'ivlrii; tiC''U iiii])ertee,tly hlleil up. 
 The i'i»|ier assprts, It will ho ohiervod, that "divers good unci valuable einisiderations" had been 
 rucoived ; It is not speifllUid, however, what these were, thi! original docuinent hen' showing a 
 blank):— Thi.s Indkniuiih iiiadii at tlu' lliver Credit, on Lake Ontario, on the llrstdav of Au- 
 gutit, in the year ■>! riir Ijord One Thousand Kight Iluie'red Jind Kive, between Williiiiii Clans, 
 B8<iniie, njputy Huperintendint-Oeneral and Deputy Inspeetordeneral of IndiiiiH and of 
 lUi'ir nft'uir«, for and in behalf of our Sovereign Li-rd thi! Kiiig, of Uw one part, and the I'riii 
 iripal Ciiiefs, W.irriorii and I'eople of the Missi-isaga Nation of Indiani^, for and in the name of 
 tUe said Nation of tUe other part. WauHiiaa on the iweuty'lli "d day of Soptcinbor, in the year 
 
 ■■' 
 
 t 
 
 f I 
 
■■' 
 
 ■(■ 
 
 " 
 
 CAVkUlAit LOCAL HISTORV; 
 
 43 
 
 RiVer, Lake Slmcoe, and Talbot River, until it meets the ixorth-wes-' 
 fcernmost boundavy of the Connty of Durham. The west riding of 
 the County of York is bounded onthoeaatby the townships of King, 
 Vaiighan, and York; on the soiith by the I-ake Ontario, Burlington 
 l3ay, and Dundas Street; on the west by the London disti-ictj and on 
 
 of our Lord On« TtumSanrt Seven niimired and Righty-aeveii, atvhe Carrying Pliioc nt the bond 
 of till) Hay (if (iiiintA, it was a<<rofid between the lldiiorahh; Sii' Ji l.n .tolmsmi, Haroiirt, on 
 the jiurtcf oiil' saiil l/ord tlio King, and Wabiikaiiyne, Neace, am' l'.iU(iiiaii, rrlii(!ii)al Chicfi» 
 and War Chiefs of tlie naiil Mis.Jisaago > Vation ; two of whieli tiaid f'liief.s, that is to say, Wn- 
 l>ul<anyne and Neaee, are now deaii ; it tlicy the last menti'iii i I'rinoipal CliiefH woiiM f 
 divers good and valuatile conaideratlon received by tliem for and on aeooiiiit Of tliiir .-.aid Na- 
 tion from our said Lord the King, duly convey uU their 'ight u.nrl title to a eertaiii Tract c 
 Parcel of Land hereinitfti'r desiTibed, to our said l^ord t*>. King, his Heirs and Suoce.s.s irs fo 
 ever. And Wkkhkas in jiiirHU incc of that aEr'-Kemcnt .oi'tain Tnstriini-iit h'reunto annexed 
 was made at the said Cunying rince, bearine late th« day and year last al'or saiil, signed and 
 sealed by the said Wabukanync, Neaci;, and I'akquam, for the purpose of conveying the said 
 Tract or Pafcel of Land to oui' said Lonl tUe King, his Heirs and SuccCi?soTs as afoi'CsaiiL 
 Which said Inatrument did not asccmin or describe the Parcel or Tract of Laud meant and 
 Intended to be cimvcyed thereby, and was and is in other respects defoit. ■■ iind imperfect. 
 Kow this Indenture witnessith that for 'tarrying into execution tlir said agreement made on 
 the said Twenty4!iird day "f September One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-seven, and 
 In consideration tliircof, "id for tin m. .c etfectuaUy securing and ccmveying.to our said Lord 
 the King the said Tract c)r Parcel of l^and so agreed t" be conveyed to him as aforesaid, and for 
 the consideration of Ten Shillinga ^'f pood and lawfiii ntoncy in hand paid to them by the said 
 Williani Clius, Ksq. , for and on account of our said /ordtho King, tlie receipt whereof by the 
 said P I'lial Chiefs, Warr idrs, and People of the Mississagua Nation as aforesaid, is hereby 
 a<'.kiiow ■ < "d, have gran' (1, ba'griimd, aliened cli -iedilnd contlr;;ii'd, and by these i'l'esents 
 do grai> -mi-gftin, alien, r.de.-uso and conllrm unt^o o> Hovereigu Lord the King, his Heirs and 
 SuccPH-- ■, all that Tract or Parcel of Umd eoi.meii. iug on the east bank of the south outlet 
 of thi ft- T Etobicoke ; thence up the same, f ilowing Un* several windings and turnings of 
 the hmkI r- er, to a Mttpb Tree biased on four irtc-, at the distance of three miles and three 
 quartiirs .. a straiglit U*-' from the moutli of U»e said river ; thenee north aixty-cipA- decrees 
 east foiirt^'CTi > i!"h ; tWoii-e south twenty-t*o ncgrecs east, twenty-eight miles nion- is, Uf 
 
 Lake Ontario ; Uien<re •.-stprly along the water s edge of Lake Ontario to the east — -nnk of 
 the south outle* of thf H»«»r Etobicoke, being the plac« of beginning, containing ( ■ lundred 
 and fifty thou8«n.d ewht liwidred and eighty acres, together with all tlie ^ lods a.al Waters 
 thereon lying ui ; b«ing, »ud all the advautsges, emolnments, and he nienta ^ hatSo. ver 
 
 to the said Trail r Parcel of Land belonging or in anywise appertamiu,,, and tit issues and 
 pnilits of all anil singular the said premises and every part ajid parcel thereof with the appur- 
 tenances ; and also all the estate, right, title, interest, projierty, ilaim and demainl whatsoever 
 of thorn the said Principal Chiefs, Warriors, and People of the Mississagua Nmiou for them-' 
 selves, and for and in the name of their whole Nation, in and to all and singular the said pre- 
 mises and every part uid pwcel thereof, »lth the appurt^'uancos, save and except the Flsliery 
 In the said River Kt.'tcokc, which they Uie s;iiil Chiefs, Warriors, and People expressly rem-rvB 
 for the sole use <^f thenMclves and the Mississagua Nation : To have and to hold all iiid sin- 
 gtilar the said Trai-t or Parcel of Ijand, hereditaments, and premises in and by those presents 
 raleiMed and contlrmcd unto our Sovereign Lord the King, his Heirs and Successors for ever, 
 Uiit to and for no other usi', intent or purpose whatsoever. And also that His Majesty, hia 
 Bt-lm and Sueees.sors mh afoiosald, shall and may at all times for ci er hereafter peaceably and 
 quietly have, hold, occupy, possess, and enjoy all and singular the said Tract or Parcel of Land 
 with the appurtenanceH and everj- part and parcel thereof, without trouble, hindrance, moles- 
 taUou. interruption, or dlsturlmuoe of them tiie said Principal Chiefs, Warriors, and People of 
 %k» MiMissagua Nation, or any of them, their Heirs or Successors, or any other person or per* 
 
 11 
 
u 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 the north by the County of Himcoe. It sends, in conjunction, <fec." 
 In a noto on a fomier page, a cojjy of the surre'uler of the Mississjiga 
 tract to the Crown lias been given. In the subdivision of counties 
 the proper signitication of "riding," i.e., " thriding," third part, is 
 ignored.] 
 
 York is about 43 deg. and 35 niin. of north latitude, and is the 
 present seat of Govenirnent of Upper Canada. It is most beautifully 
 situated within an excellent harbour of the same name, made by a 
 long peninsula which confines a basni of water suiHcieutly large to 
 contain a cousiderabk; ileet. On the extremity of tJie peninsula, 
 which is called Gibraltar Point, are commodious stores and block- 
 houses, which commaud th* entrance to the harbour. On the zr'nin- 
 land, opposite to th point, is the garrison, situated in a fork made 
 by the harbour and a small rivulet which, being improved by sluices, 
 affords iin easy access for boats to go up to the stores. The barracks 
 being built on a knoll, are well situjited for health, and comniiind a 
 delightful prosi)ect of the lake to the west, and of the harbour to the 
 east. The Government house is about two miles above the garrison, 
 near the head of the harbour, and the town is increasing rapidly : the 
 Kiver Don empties itself into the harbour a little above the town, 
 running through a marsh Avhich when drained will afford most beau- 
 ful and fruitful meadows. This has already been commenced in a 
 small degree, which will no doubt encourage further attempts. The 
 long beach or peninsula, which affords a most delightful riile. ia con- 
 sidered so healthy by the Indians that they resort to it whenever in- 
 disposed; and so soon as the bridge over the Don is tiuished, it will, 
 of course, be most generally r(!sorted to, not only for pleasure but as 
 the most convenient road to the heights of Scarborough. The ground 
 which has been prepared for the Government house is situated between 
 the town and the River Don, on a most beautiful spot, the vicinity 
 of which is well suited for gardens and a park. The oaks are in 
 general large; the soil is excellent, and well watered with creeks, one 
 
 •ims lawfully oliiiriiiug or to (-laim by from or under them or any of them. In wltncps whfiri'Of 
 We liuvc lii'rtniiito aftlxt'd (jiir marks and seals the day and year abnvi- wiiUon, having lii'Ht hoard 
 this Instrument Kjii'iily read and rehearsed in our own language, and fully apjiroved by our- 
 stlvos and our Nation. 
 (Signed.) W. C'laus, Dep. Huiit. -General, on behalf of the Crown. [L S] 
 Clieidialk, yuenepenon, Wabukanyni!, Okemupenegse, WubenoMO, Koboneconso, Oscuogo, 
 Acheoon. [Eaeli has his totem traced. J 
 
 Present at the Execution and Delivery of this Instrument, and wltncssen thereto : .John Wil- 
 liams, Captain, 4Uth Regiment ; John Uruukenbury, Knsign, 4Uth Ueginieut ; P. Helby, AsgiRt. 
 cJucritury, I. A. ; 1. U, Uousseau. 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 46 
 
 1 1 
 
 •I 
 
 1 
 
 of Nvliicli, by meiins of a short dam, may be thrown into all the streets 
 of tlie town. Vessels of all sizes may be conveniently l)uilt here, and 
 a kind of terrace or second bank in front of the town, affords an ex- 
 cellent situation for a rope Avalk. The remains of the old French 
 Fort Toronto stand a little to the westward of the present garx-ison, 
 and the River Humber discharges itself into Lake Ontario about two 
 miles and a half w(!st of that : on this river and the Don are excel- 
 lent mills, and iill the waters abound in iish. In winter the harbour 
 i.s frozen, and affords excellent ice for the amusement of nox'thern 
 countries, driving in traineaus. The climate of York is temperate, 
 and well sheltered from the northerly winds l)y the high lands in the 
 rear. The Yonge Street loads fiom hence to Lake Simcoe, and the 
 Dundas Street crosses the rear of the town; [In the Second Edition 
 the following passages ai*e omitted: "Which (i. 3., the garrison creek), 
 being improved by sluices, affords an easy access for boats to go up to 
 the stores. The ground set apart for the Government house is situated 
 oj' a most beautiful spot, the vicinity of which is well suited for gai'- 
 dens and a park. The oaks are in general large ; the soil is excellent, 
 and well watered witii creeks, one of which, by means of a short dam, 
 may be thrown into all the streets of the town." The sluicing of the 
 garrison creek, and the transformation of a stream to the east into a 
 reservoir for the supply of water to be "thrown into all the streets of 
 the town," are curious but bold ideas. Was the latter stream that in 
 the ravine which now forms jjart of St. James's cemetery ] In the 
 second edition the Govei'nment house is stated to be "about two miles 
 from the east end of the town, at the entrance of the harbour." This 
 was the residenco destroyed when the magazine exploded in 1813. 
 The bridge over tlie Don is spoken of as finished, i.e., a floating bridge 
 near the outlet of the river. The name "York" was conferred on the 
 town in honour of the King's second son, Frederick, Duke of York. 
 On the 27th of August, 1793, a royal salute was tire^' in the harbour, 
 to celelnate a success recently gained by the troops under the com- 
 mand of the Duke in Holland, and "to commemorate the naming 
 of this harbour from his English title, York." 
 
 Yaric Tmon^hip, is in the east riding of the County of York, and 
 lies to the west of Scarljorough, having the River Humber for its 
 western limit : its front is principally occupied by a long sandy beach, 
 which forms the harbour. The rest of the township in front is open 
 to Lake Ontario. 
 
 !'» 
 
40 
 
 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTOUY. 
 
 
 Skstch Of THE Lbnoth ant* Circumkkrk\<:e of thk following LaKK^ iTi 
 Uppru Canada, «y kstimation. 
 
 LAKKSi 
 
 Qrentf 8t Len{{tli 
 111 Miles. 
 
 rtrctimfi'WrKte 
 following llio Sliorea. 
 
 ftrie 
 
 2no 
 
 260 
 2(iO 
 160 
 30 
 410 
 
 610 
 
 Oeorffo ..... 1 1 ^ ; . . 
 
 58 
 
 Huron b 
 
 1100 
 
 Micliin'fttl t 
 
 04S 
 
 Oiitai'lo .11 .1 .... . 
 
 4^0 
 
 St. Clair.... v.. 
 
 100 
 
 Superiof . . 
 
 
 • 1626 
 
 Table op LATIfUDEtt A^D LoNOITUDBS, TROM THB information HITfiBRTO 
 
 RECEIVKD. 
 
 Places. 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Do. River's Month . . . , 
 
 Erie Fort 
 
 Grand Remou 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Landglmrd 
 
 Long Point, Cari'ying Place 
 
 Micliilimackinac 
 
 Michi<;an Lake, South ehd . 
 
 Manitou Islands 
 
 Niagara 
 
 Oowego 
 
 Ontario Lake, head of 
 
 St. Regis 
 
 York 
 
 Noi 
 
 til Latitude. 
 
 West Lnngitu 
 
 Deg. 
 
 Mm. 
 
 Sec. 
 
 Deg. 
 
 Miu. 
 
 42 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 6-2 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 76 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 89 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 16 
 
 47 
 
 78 
 
 25 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 47 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 86 
 
 
 60 
 
 29 
 
 Sec. 
 
 Sketch of the Islands in thb following Lakiw of Uppkr Canada. 
 
 Zakt Erie. — Bass Islands, Isle Bols Blanc, Isle Celeron, Cunningham's Island, 
 East Sister, Grosse Island, Middle Island, Middle Sister, St. George's Island, 
 Ship Island, Tuftle Islai>d, West Sister. 
 
 TMke tiui-on. — La Cloche, Duck Islands, Plat Islands, Grosse Isle, Islo Tra« 
 verse, Manitou Islands, MichiliraackinaC, Prince William's Island, St. Joseph 
 Island. 
 
 Lake Ontort'o. -^Amherst Island, Isle La Barque, Carleton Island, Islo do Petit 
 Catarnqui, Cedar Island, Isle Cauchois, Isle au Coohan, Lslo du Chene, Duck 
 Islands, Duck Islands, Isle La Force or La Fort6, Isle aU For(5t, Gaj^o Island, 
 Grand Isle, Gull Island, Howo Island, Nicholas Island, Orphan Island, Isle De 
 Quint6, Isle Tonti, Petite Isle Tonti, Isle aux TouPtes, Wolfe Island, Wapooso 
 Island. 
 
 r: 
 
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 
 
 47 
 
 to 
 
 id, 
 .d, 
 
 ra- 
 ph 
 
 itit 
 ick 
 )d. 
 Di' 
 
 )B(3 
 
 Lake St. C/at>'.— L^land Chenftl Ecartu, Haraen's Island, Hay Islaad, Peach 
 Island, Thompson's Island. 
 
 Lake Superior. — Isle Grange, Isle do Minatte, Michipicoten, Isle Montreal, 
 Patit'' Island, Isles aux Rabies, White Fish Island. 
 
 Finis. 
 
 Printed by W. Bulmfjr and Co., 
 No. 3 Russell Court, 
 
 Cleveland Row, St. James's, 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 Since the foregoing notes have come from the press, the Editor is informed 
 that the Dundas Street has boon considerably improved between tlie bead of 
 Lake Ontario and York, and that the Government lias contracted for the open- 
 ing of it from that city to the iieadof the Bay of Quinte, a distance of 120 miles, 
 as well aa for causewaying of the swampa and erecting the necessary bridges ; 
 so that it is hoped in a short time there will be a tolerable road from Quebec to 
 the capital of the Upper Province. 
 
 Lands have been appropriated in the rear of York as a refuge for some French 
 royalists, and their settlement has commenced. 
 
 In consequence of the increase of population, and for other reasons, an Act of 
 the Provincial Parliament has lately passed for the further division of the Pro- 
 vince, by which the districts are divided into twice their late number. Nineteen 
 covered wagi;ons witli families came in to settle in the vicinity of the County of 
 Lincoln about the month of Juno last, and the facility with which some of these 
 people travel, particularly in crossing the small rivers, deserves to be noticed. 
 Tiie body of their waggons is made of close boards, and the most clever have 
 the ingenuity to caulk the seams, and so by shifting off the body from the car- 
 riage, it serves to transport the wheels and the family. 
 
 The salt springs in the vicinity of the Trent have not proved so productive aa, 
 from the first report of them, it was hoped they would.