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wmm

OFFICIAL OPENING

OF TUB

NEYS^ BUIIvDINOS

OF THE

Medical Faculty of McGill University

8TH JANUARY, 1895.

BY THE VISITOR

HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL

The Earl ok Abertdeen

MONTREAL :

Printed by the Gazette Printing Company,

1895.

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OFFICIAL OPFNING

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MEDICAL FACULTY OF MCQILL UNIVERSITY

BY THE VISITOR

HIS KXCELLENCY THK (JOVERNOR-GENERAL

THE EARL <JK ABERUEEN

The formal opcniiifj of the Now Buildings of th(! Medical
Faculty of McClill University took place on the Nth of Jan-
uary, 1(S95. I'he Ceremony, which was held in Lecture Rt)om
No. 3, was presided over by Vice-Royalty. The attendance
was very large, including a gieat number of the leading
citizens of Montreal and the rurrouuding country. Many
Medical Men from the city and different parts were also
present. At 2.45 p.m. the Governor-General and Lady
Aberdeen, accompanied by Captain Urquhart, A.D.C., and
Mr. Hewitt, His Excellency's Private Secretary, arrived and
were received by the Vice-Principal, the Dean and Members
of the Faculty in the Library. From here a move was at
once made for the large Lecture Room, and the proceedings
began by His Excellency, who as Visitor to the University

proai(l('(l, callinjjf upon tin- Kev. Dr. ('oniisli to optai with

prayt'f.

TiiK ukan's addkkss.

Dr. Cmik. Dtiui nt* tin- Kaculty <>l' Mrdicinc, then delivor-
cd tlu^ following' Atldrt's.s mi the History of the Faculty
t'rotii its liofjjinning in 1824 up to th(i present time:

Your Kxct'llencies, {lovernors, Vice-priueipal, Fellows of
Coi'|)oration, Professors, (iraihiates, Uiider^^raduates, Ladies
and Oentlenien, ft is with a feelint^ of pleasiire, anunint-
\\\vf almost to exultation, that T rise as the Uepresentativo
of the Faculty of Medicint^ of Mc(»ill University, to
welcome you as friends conu^ to rejoice with us, at the com-
pletion and openiuL,' of our new and enlarjifed Buildings.
To you, my Lord, and to Her Excellency tlu' (yoiintess of
AherdtMin, wc would he»^ to ofiei" a special and a gi-ateful
welcome, inasnuich as you have been graciously j)leased to
honour us hy your presence. We recognize in this act of
kindness, another proof of that large-hearted sympathy,
which has causcv' ^^our Exc<>llencies to interest yourselves
in .so many phases of (Canadian life, and which has won for
you tlu^ love and respect of a loyal Canadian people.

And this is an occasion on which it is fitting that we
slionid rejoice. It is cause for gladness, that the progress of
our Faculty has been such as to make enlargement of our
buildings an absolute necessity ; and it is no less a cause for
gladness, that, when the necessity for increased accommo-
dation was actually barring our further advance, the
barrier has been removed and our on' .ard progress again
made possible.

There is much in the hi.story and progress of a School
or University, which may not inaptly be compared to
the life of an individual. There is a period of compara-
tively helpless infancy in both ; and if this peri(jd be
survived, it is likely to be followed by one of growth
and development, leading, under favoui'able conditions, to
a more or less vigoui'ous maturity, and to a long career of
activity and usefulness. But there is also a reverse side

to tin' pictiirr. 'I']),. Institiitimi, likr tlir iiiili\ iilinil, niiiv
<lir ill its iiii'iuicy from iiili.'it'iit wi'iikiicss, i'nmi injinv or
from ii(';L;lcet ; or it iiiiiy iWiv^ on i\ty a time u rr.-ldc exist
t'licc, till it ultimiitrjy tlics from coiitiiiutMl stress of eiroiim-
stuiiccs, or from tlic liahitiiul iir^^lfct or i;,nioriiiico of tin-
laws of lift! and liraltli, wliicli npply no less to institutions
than to living men and women. Let us sec liow far the
picture will servt; to illustrate tlit history and progress of
our own School.

Soon after the opening of the old Montreal (General
Hospital in |,S22, more than seventy years ago; four
of its attending physicians, Drs. Rohertson, 'Jaldwell,
Holmes and Stei)hens()n, all of them graduates of Kdin-
hurgh University, l)eing imi)resse(l with the necessity
for providing medical instruction in this countrv, for
students who might Hnd it iiupcjssihle to seek their edu-
cation abroad; took steps to establish a Medical School
in Montreal, after the model of the M« «Iical Department of
the University of Edinburgh, and bearing the same rela-
tion to the Montreal General Hospital in its clinical work
as that of the Edinburgh Medical School to its Royal In-
firmary.

After negotiations continued through 1S22 and 1.S2.S,
the School was successfully t)rganized under the name of
the " Montreal Medical Institution," and in the autunni of
1824, it commenced its active work, in a small wooden
building then standing on Place d'Armes, on what is now
the site of the Bank of Montreal. The number of students
during the first session was 25, and the whole of the work
of teaching was done by the four men whose names I have
already mentioned ; the departments of Anatomy, Physi-
ology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Practice of Physic, Midwifery
and Disea.ses of Women and Children, Materia Medica, Sur-
gery and Botany being dividcfl as evenly as possible among
them. The name of Dr. Loedel was at first associated with
the others as Lecturer on Materia Medica, succeeded after a
few years by that of Dr. Lyons, but neither of these
gentlemen seems to have taken any active part in tlie work.

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Bui tlie nv(ln()us and responsible work was not only done
l»v the otlier i'our men, l»nt it was well done ; so well that
it received official i-<>co<jjnition at Edinlairyli, two of its
sessions conntinn' for one, hut t^ivin'j: it, nevei-theless, a
status as onv. of the ])ublicly recognized Medical Schools of
the day.

The work of the Schrol thus hegun in 1824, was con-
tinued unil 1S2S with scarcely any chan<i;e ; the estab-
lishment of a French School of Medicine in the interval,
having' drawn away a nund)er of students and prevented
the anticipated increase. The average attendance for the
first five years was harely 2(!, or only one more than in the
opening year. This result was disa])pointing and dis-
coui'aging, and, with less resolute men at its head, the
Monti'eal Medical Inscitution would prol)al)ly have died
and l)een forgotten. But it did not die, and it has
not l)een forgotten. Not only did it continue to live,
thoujih under another name, l»ut it was instrun!or>tal in
pre,sei'ving the life of its future foster mother, the Univer-
s'ty of McGill (College, which was then in innninent danger
of being strangled, almost at its l)irth, by adverse litiga-
tion.

It had become neces,sary that the University should
assume active teaching functions within a certain date,
then fast approaching, in (U-der to secure its McUill endow-
ment ; and being unable to provide the necessary start" of
teachers in the other Faculties, the sti'Ufwlinjj Medical In-
stitution was asked, and gladly consented, to join the
University as its Facidty of Medicine, and the crisis in the
life of the University was tlius successfully tided over.

The .session of 1(S29-.S0 was the fir.st under tiie new condi-
tions, and it opened with 80 students. Its material
resources, however, were not in any way increasi.'d, and for
the next ten yeai's its condition was, if anything, worse
than before; liut it was now the Faculty of Medicine of a
University, acting by authority of a Royal Charter, and its
battles were afterwards to be foua;ht under its banner.

This was lu) mean jidvantairc It- (rave prrstiL'i' ami
courage to inuii who must othci-wist- have Itct'H worn out in
a hojH'k'ss struj4';j;h; ; and ^fivc distinction to thi^ ivsults of
their laltours hy enablinij them to [)i'ocure for ihcir success-
ful students, the honour of a University J)e,i,nve.

T!'." political troubles which culminated in the liehellion
of 1(S-S7-8!J, had at that time begun to disturb the com-
numity, and interfered considerably with the progress of
tlie School. It was obliged to close its doors from l(S.36 to
IM^J), until the political storm had blown over; reopening
its. classes in l(S;i9-40 with an attendance of 2<S, a nund)ei"
actually less \)y 2, than when its connection with the
University began ten years Ixjfore.

Otlier changes soc^n followed the joining of the School to
the University. Edinburgli at once accepted the Certifi-
cates of the Faculty on their face value at par, and the
other British Sciiools almost innnediately followed its lead.

In IKi'S the first break in the ranks of the four veteran
leaders occurred, by the death of Dr. Caldwell from fever.
The gap was temporarily filled by the appointment of Dr
Racey, and on his remcjval to Quebec in 1(S85, the late Drs.
George W. Campbell and Archibald Hall were added to
the staff", the former Lecturing tm Surgery and Midwifery,
and the latter on Materia Medica.

It was not until the ses.sion of 1841-42 that the real
grow^th of the Schv)ol began, when it opened with l][)
students ; and it is o-ratifviniii; to know that three out of the
four original founders, had the satisfaction of realizing it ;
for before the beuinnino- of another session, two more of
them had fallen in the struggle. Dr. Stephenson died in
1842, and Dr. Robertson's health gave way to such a degree
as to necessitate his retirement from active duty, his death
occurring in 1844.

The filling of the.se vacancies in 18-^2 led to extensive
changes in the Faculty, with a redistribution of Lecture-
ships, amounting almost to a reorganization. Dr. Holmes
took Practice of Physic and Dr. Hall took Chemistry,

' )

1 1

while tlierc were br()n<rlit into the Faculty, Dr. McCJul-
loch ill Midwifery, ])r. Bruneau in Anatomy, and Dr.
Sewell in Physiolojuy and Matei'ia Mediea. In 1(S45 Dr. U.
L. MaeDojnu'U was hrought in, to preside over the new
department of Institutes of Medicine ; Dr. Fraser to take
charge of the new department of Medical Jurisprudence ;
and Dr. (Crawford to assume the duties of still another new
department. Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Papineau
was also brought in to relieve Dr. Holmes in Botany. In
or about this year also, Dr, Scott was appointed Demon-
strator of Practical Anatomy. Further extensions were
made in 1(S4!), when Clinical Sui'gery was separated from
Clinical Medicine, Dr. Crawford retaining the former, while
Dr. MacDonncsll assumed charge of the latter, only to be
replaced on his remcjval to Toronto in 1S50, by Dr. SeWell.

I have dwelt somewhat in detail upon these changes, not
so nmch on account of the personnel of the ajopointments ;
but because they serve t(j mark the growtn and develop-
ment of th(! Faculty, in its efforts to keep abreast, and even
in ailvance, of the pi'ogress of Medical Education on this
continent.

But the growth and development of the School, was
not only in the direction of the increase in the number
of teachei's, or of the subjects taught; but also in the addi-
tional time devoted t(j the preparatiiai of the students.
Almost from thi' beginning, the sessions were made six
months' sessions, instead ot sessions of four and a half
months ; antl almost, also, from the beginning, the obligatory
course of stu<ly, was changed to four years instead of three;
and in this way the Faculty succeeded in establishing a
reputatit)n for thoroughness, which has stood it in good
stead up to the present day.

I have already stated, that at the opening of the Medi-
cal Institution in 1<S24, the Lectures were delivered in a
wooden build ug on the site of the present Bank of
Montreal. S' me time afterwards, the School was re-
moved to a brick building, still standing, on St. George

street near the corner of Crai<^. In or aV)out 1845, the
Faculty took possession of (juarters in tlie Central Build-
ing of the University, n(nv occupied by the Faculty of
Arts, and continued to occupy these pi'eniises, until its re-
moval to Cote street in 1(S51. Of the precise dates of the
removals to St. (ieorge street and to the University Build-
ings, I am not as yet, in a position to speak with certainty ;
foi' tlic t'arly records of the School and Faculty, are not as
complete in detail as they might have heen ; Imt the dates
of the appointments and otlua' changes, as I have given
them, are from the records, and may, I tliink, he r(;lied
upon. Of the dat(>s and changes after 1(S50, I can speak
with confidence frt)m pers(;nal knowledge, for my connec-
with the Faculty began, as a student, in that year, and has
continued almost without interruption, until the present
time.

Up to 1850, tlie increase in the number of students had
not lieen great. Commencing in 1824-25 with 25 students,
the number, after twenty-tive years, in 1849-50, was only
44, an increase of less than (me in each year. From this
time, however, the reorganized and strengthened depai't-
m(.'nts, began to attract more students, and the session of
1850-51 opened with 58.

In 1851, the St. Lawrenc(^ School of Medicnie was started,
in opposition to our Medical Faculty. It had a strong stati'
of teachers, and its class-rooms were in the heart of the
city. As the University Buildings were at that time, — more
than forty-three years ago, — thought to be rather remote
from the centre of the city ; it was feared that the more
central position of the new School, would place our Faculty
at a disadvantage ; and after careful consideration, it was
decided to move the classes once more back to the city. As
no University funds were available to assist in this matter,
three members of the Faculty, themselves advanced the
money ; and a substantial lu'ick Building v.'as . ""pted in Cote
street, in time for the session of 1851-52, where the classes
opened with 04 students.

This Ruilflino-, wliich is still standin^^ in Coto street,
served the purposes of tiu! Faculty for tvveuty-our years ;
and in it ocenrred many of the ehauii^es and niuch of
the progress, vvhieh have left their inai-lc npon the his-
tory of the Faeulty. It was here that, in l(S52, all the
Lecturers in tlie Faculty were promoted to the rank of
Professors, Dr. Holmes nlone havin^- pivvionsly, [ believe
in LS4..S, been appointed the sole Professor, it was here
also that, in 1(S54, Dr. Holmes was made Dean, the first
in conn(>ction with the Faculty. Here also we had the
happiness of niceiving amongst us, as Pi'ofessoi' of Botany
and Zoology, our nuich \o\-vA and gifted Principal, Sir
William Dawson, now retired, to whos(i j^reat ability, '/xii\
and untiring industry, tlu^ University, in all its departments,
owes so much. Hei'e in 1(S54, it was made optional with
the student, to divide his examinations into Primary and
Final, and here also, a department of Practical Chemistry
under Dr. (lirdwood, was established in 1(S7(), though it
was not for some years later, that a Faculty Chemical
Laboratory was provided. Eio-e also in 1S70, an ()])tional
Summer Session of tlu-et^ months was establishe<l, and in
1871 an optional coui'se in Hyg^iene and PuV)lic Health,
under the late Dr. George Ro.ss, which was converted
into a Professorship under Dr. Godfrey in 1<S75. During
the twenty-one years of the occupancy of the Cote street
Building', the number of students increased fron\ ()4 in
1851-52 to 1.S9 in 1871-72: but the attendance in several
of the years had been above 170, and in one year, 1866-07,
it had reached 184.

But time will not permit me to dwell with as much of
detail, upon the remaining years of the hi.story of the
Faculty ; and I nuist content myself by referring* only to the
more important changes and occurrences ot the last twenty-
two years.

Owing to the inci-eased number of students and the ex-
tension of the Curiiculum, as well as to the growth of the
Museunj and Library ; the Building on Cote street had for

many years bwm inconveniently crowded ; and the Faculty
had been casting aliout for means of aci|uii'ini;- Ui'tter '
acconunodation. The oppoi-"'*' n of the St. Lawrence
School of Medicine had lonj^' sine ■ C(jme to an end ; indeed,
the School itself could scarcely be said to have been born
Itefore it be<^an to die ; and the lost vestiges of it had dis-
appeared after a fevv years. Moreover, the city had spri'ad
greatly in the direction of the Univer.sity Buildings ; and,
influenced chieH}' by the advice of Sir William Dawson,
the Faculty, in oi- about LSTO, applied to the Board of Gov-
ernors to be recei\'ed again within the precincts of the
College Grounds. Tlu've was at that time no available
building on the (JoUege Grounds, of sufficient size to accom-
modate our growing Faculty ; but the Governors generously
offered to erect and place at oui' dis])osal, a Building suitable
to our needs ; and theii- off'ei' being gladly accepted, the sub-
stantial St(me Building forming the front p(^rtion of the
present Block, was eircted l)y them in bS7 1 and 1 <S72, at a cost
of #27,000, and placed at the disposal of the Faculty. The
Building was unfurnished, and without equipment of any
kind ; but, nothing daunted, the mend)ers of the Faculty
proceeded to furnish an<l o(]uip it, from their own individual
resources, at an expense of several thousand dollars ; f\nd
our classes were opened in it in the autunni of 1872, with
an attendance of 154.

Dr. Fraser, Professor of Institutes of M(Klicine, died in
1872, and Professor Drake, who had occupied the Chair of
Clinical Medicine since 1868, was transferred to the Chair
of Institutes of Medicine ; a position which he filled with
eminent ability. In 1874, owing to the failure of the
health of Professor Drake, the position of Lecturer on Insti-
tutes of Medicine, was conferred upon Dr. William Osier,
one of our own graduates ; then jnst returned from a two
years' .sojourn among the great Schools and Laboratories of
Europe ; and in 1875, on the permanent retirement of Pro-
fessor Drake, Dr. Osier was promoted to the vacant Chaii'.
The assumption by Dr. Osier, of the duties of the depart-

iiient of Institutes of Medicine, was immediately followed
l)y actives Laboratory work in Physiolot,fy, Histology and
Patholoijy : and it is du'! to Professor Osier to say, that to
tlie contai^nons inlluenee of liis example, together with his
great ability and enthusiasm, is larj^ely due tiie j^reatly in-
creased proportion of practical work, in all departments of
the Faculty.

But the increase of Practical and Lahoratoiy woi-k in
many departments, though it added g^reatly to the efficiency
of the teaching, addi^d also oreatly to our expenditure ;
and we soon began to find ourseKes crippled for means
to cany on the wo)'k ; and to add to our emban-assments,
in LSS2, we suffered what seemed to be an irrepaivibh; loss,
by the death of our Dean, the late J)r. (Jeorge \V. Campbell ;
whose great inffuence and ability, for upwards of forty
yeai's, had been the mainstay of the Faculty.

But the darkest houi' is often just before the (hivvn ; and
while our Chancellor, Sir Donald A Smith, was listening to
a eulogy on his lat(^ friend Dr. Campbell, an<l a recital of
our needs, by the late l)v. Howard, he re.solve<l t(j come to
our rescue in a most effectual way. He offered to confer
upon the Faculty no less a sum than !if5(),000, on con-
dition that a like sum should be collected from other
friends of the University. I need not say with what
alacrity we set about the codection of the stipidated sum,
nor with what readiness and liberality we were met by
many of our citizens ; nor need I allude to the liberal con-
tributions given ly nearly every member of the Faculty.
It is sufficiiiut to .say that the amount was soon collected
an<l paid : Sir Donald's contril)ution was also paid over,
and in 1(S«8, the Faculty found itself relieved from its
embarrassments, ])y a handsome Endownment of SIOO.OOO.

But our tronlilcs were not ended, if, indeed, in .some re-
spects, th'jy can ever be expected to end. Our session open-
erlin ISS.'J with 'iOO students : and with the increased space
rendered neeessaiy by the enlargement of our Labt)ratories,
our Buildinu' was full to overff(jwin<i\ In 1884 the number

of students increased to 227 ; an<l it V..caiue necessary tliere-
t'oi-e, to make immediate provision for incnsased accommo-
dation. Tlu! Governors were, unfortnnatidy, without fuiuls
to Iielp us, and our only alternative, tliereforc, was to draw
upon our Endowment for the enlarj^emtMit of our buildinjjjs.
^J'his W(! did, with the consinit of the Governors, to tlu^
extent of S2.S,000 ; and in the autunni of 1888, we opened
our session with greatly increased acconnnodation, and a
class of 234 students.

In 1884, we had the misfortune to lose the valuable
services of Professor Osier ; the University of Pennsylvania
-having ottered him the Chair of Clinical Medicine. This
otter, opened up to him so large a field for advancement in
his profession in every way, tiiat he was fain t(j accept it ;
and we parted with him with good wishes, Imt with very
great regret.

In 1889 the Faculty sufi'ercid another great loss in the
death of its Dean, the late Dr. R. Palmer Howard. Dr.
Howard's marked ability, untiring industry, unwavering
integrity and unbounded popularity with all classes, made
him a man who could ill be spared ; and the loss of his
strong personal and professional influence for good, will
be felt in the Faculty and in the conuuunity, until his
generation shall have passed away.

Two other lamentable deaths in the Faculty, followed
that of Dr. Howard in ((uick succession. Dr. Richard L.
MacDonnell, Professor of Clinical Medicine, died in 1891 ;
and Dr. (jleorge Ross, Professor of Medicine, and Vice-
Dean of the Faeulty, died in 1892. Of these two, it may
safely be said : that there have probably never been in the
Faculty, two men of greater promise or usefulness ; and
the loss of them, following, as it did, so closely upon that
of Dr. Howard, was the cause of great grief and anxiety.

The late Dr. Howard had greatly at heart, the establish-
ment of a Chair of Pathology, and lost no opportunity of
pressing its claims upon friends of the University. It was
not, however, until two or three years after his death, that,

iM l(SJ)2,tlic Faculty sncci'Cflcd in ohtainin^- wliafc had iu'cti
so loll*"" (l(!sii'(Ml, l»y tli(^ a])|t()iiitiiieiit l»y the ( iovci'iiors, (tt*
Dr. A«laini, from ('ainliridfrc Univcu-sity, l^iii^land, to tlic
newly ('stal)lislit'd C'liair of Patliolo^^y. With references to
this appointment, it is <»nly necessary to say, that it places
our Faculty, at least on a par with the best Schools of this
continent, in this important depai-tment.

Other extensions of the Curriculum were made from time
to timo. Dr. Frank Buller was made Lecturer on Ophthal-
mology and Otology in 1(S7(S , and was promoted to the
rank of Professor in 1(S(S8. A Chair of (jlyna;cology was
also established in 18<S.S, wit!) Di-. William Cardner as its
first occupant : and a ])epartment of Laryngology under
Dr. George W. Major, was commenced in 1(S<S2, and erected
into a Chair in 1N98, with Dr. Maj(jr as its tir.st Profe.s.sor.

Li LS94, Summer Se.ssions were abolished, and the Ordi-
nary Session of six months, was changed to one of Nine
Calendar Months.

From IN(S4 to ISS!), the number of students remained
nearl\ the same, tlie number in l8(S(S-8{), beiUj^',' 227. In
1889-90 the number increase*! to 256 ; in 1890 91 to 261 ;
in 1891-92 to 291 ; and in 1892-98 the number reached 812.

We were again face to face with the old difficulty of over-
flowing buildings, and had again to look for the means of
providing increased aceonunodatioti. Our difficulties in
this instance, were even greater than in 1885 ; for to affi>rd
room for additional l)uildings, it would be necessary to pur-
chase the land adjoining the college property, and which
was valued at 1?25,000. The requii-ed new buiidings were
estimated to cost $80,000, making a total of $55,000 re-
quired to serve our purpose. We laid our case before tlie
Board of (jrovernors, asking them to acquire the necessary
land ; and to allow us to borrow from our Endowment Fund
the $80,000 reipiii-ed to erect the necessary buildings.
What was our surprise and delight, when Mr. John Henry
Molson, (now our senior Govei-nor), with scarcely a
moment's hesitation, asked to be allowed to relieve us of

tho wholo bunion, by placinj.'- at oiii' disposal the iimiuficciit
sum of !ii?0O,()()(), a sum -greater hy .*#'),0()0 than tlio wlioje
estimated cost?

It is difficult to tiiid words fitly to eharacterize such
princely j^enerosity. To it we owe the erection of the Build-
ing in which we are now assembled, and the ground upon
which it stands; and to it also, we owe the comfortable accom-
modation of the rapidly increasing number of students ; for
last year the number was 850, and this yeai" it has already
reached 400.

It i.T matter for regret that Mr. Molson is not with us
to-day, to receive in person the thanks of the Faculty ; but
he is well represente<l by Mrs. Molson,— that part of him
which he himself is proud to own as his btitter half ;
a Lady from whom the University has also in other De-
partments received rich Benefactions ; and our thanks
could not possibly be conveyed to Mr. Molson through a
more welcome channel.

It remained only for our Chancellor, Sir Donald Smith, at
the Convocation in IHdli, with one of his many acts of mag-
nificent bounty, to fill our cup full to overfiowing, by the
endowment of the Chairs of Pathology and Hj'giene, with
the sum of i?50,000 each ; thus placing our Faculty, so far
as can be foreseen, in a position to carry on and to extend
its work without financial anxiety.

I fear that I have wearied my audience, by my long and
somewhat detailed account of the origin, the struggles, the
growth and the ultimate triumph of our Faculty ; but I have
thought that on an occasion such as this, the History should
be made fairly complete ; and I shall only ask of you, to
bear with me a minute or two longer, while I endeavour to
point its moral.

We may be asked, what have been the secrets of our suc-
cess ? There have been no secrets. We have succeeded,
because we have tried to deservi' and to achieve success ;
and wh(m taxed beyond our powers, well tried friends have
helped us ; and we have been guided by those principles,

It)

which slioulfl 111 ways {'oimniiiKl success in every worthy
eiit('i'|»rise. We have, with honest j)ur|)(»se, tiii<(Mi lulvaii-
tii;^e of such circunistnnces, us were usel'Ml and necessary in
our work. 'I'he hiri^c field for clinical work and ohserva-
tion, which our school has enJoye<l since its coinniencenient,
in the wards of tlu^ Montreal (Jeneral Hospital, has heen an
important factoi" in our success ; and supplemented, as it
now is, hy an equally lartfc field in the wards of tiie Royal
Victoria Hospital, our Faculty and Students have at their
command, resources in tliis direction which cannot any-
where he excelled. Moreover ; the interests of the Faculty
have generally been o;uardeil hy practical and far-seeing
men; men not merely learned in their profession, hut en-
dowed with sagacity, administrative ability and business
tact ; qualities without which, no (enterprise, however highly
favoured, can long hope to succeed. The Faculty has endea-
voui'ed also, to supply to the connnunity, that of which it was
really in need, and which was, therefore, always in deiuand ;
and has striven to make its (Graduates, sound, sensible, well-
trai'ied and well-ecjuipped men ; fit to be entrusted with
human life and health. It has never allowed itself to
lower its standard, below that which would test the powers
of average men ; nor to raise it so high, or to hedge it about
with such unreasonable reciuirenients, as to keep out those,
that, with patient and intelligent help, will often from dull
beginnings, devel()[) into the brightest ornaments of the
Profession. And, lastly, we have always iiad faith in our
Faculty and in our University. When we have met with
misfortmu's, they have not made us unduly despondent ; nor
when success has smiled upon us, has it made us arrogant ;
but v/e have kept steadily in view, the time when our
Faculty should leave doubt and uncertainty behind, and
look forward to an assured and prosperous future. We
hope and trust that that time has arrived ; and we hope also,
that the future of the Faculty and of the University, shall
be to the past, as the bright rays of the ncjonday sun, to the
feeble and uncertain light of a beclouded moon.

I have now the honour to present to Your Excellency,

on behalf of Mr. MoLsoii, and on behalf of the Faculty of
Medicine of McX^ill University, this key. It is only n
modest little key, but in a Hjjfurative sense, it may do i^rcat
thinj^s ; if it shall serve to open our doors to public con-
fidence and appreciation ; and to opt!n tluim also, in send-
in<^M)ut for generations to come, able and vvoithy Graduates ,
to carry health and hel[) to surt'erint;' humanity, and to be a
sourcti of pride and honour to their Alma Mater.

TJfE (JOVEllNOK-OENEHAh's ADDRESS.

His Excellency, who was loudly cheered on rising, then
spoke as follows :

The opening remark of the address to which we have just
listened, reminded uie that in order ade(|uately to describe
the component parts of this distinguished and representa-
tive audience, quite a considerable category of designations
would need to be employed. Unfortunately I omitted to
take a note of the list, and, therefore,! shall adopt the .safe
course of addressing the audience umler the time honored
aud comprehensive title of Ladies and Gentlemen.

To-day we are setting up one of the landmarks of the
progress and extension of this Univ -ity, and that, too, in
a department which in the most eminent and essential
manner entitles a seat of learnintr to the noble desiiiua-
tion of University ; because this great Science, this great
Art which we are celebrating to-day, is emphatically of
world-wide application, and is limited only by the needs
of the human race. So wide is its scope, so numer-
ous are its ramifications, that it is indeed necessary to
employ a common language, recognized and understood by
all its members, in order that the application and admin-
stration of the Science may be duly provided for and
carried on.

Well might the Dean say that the occasion is one for
thankfulness, and I feel that, having the honor of being
the Official Visitor of the University. I am only voicing
the thoughts of the unofficial visitors who are here in such

liii-^c nuinhor.s, vvlum I say that wo heartily coii^^nitulatu
the University aiwl tiiosc mi whom the iiiaiia^^ffiiiciit oF its
alHiirs ('H|K'('ially <l»'V<>lv<s, upon this iiitcrcstiii^nuKl iiotahlr
occasion. Those who lielonjc to the Mtvlical Profession may
Well l)e proud of (t, an«l we who arc outside (»f' the I'roi'fs-
sion —outside, at least, except in tlie important particulai-
of funn'shin^f the material upon which its N'otai'ies ai-e
entitled to perform their experiments, we, too, ai-e ]iroud of
the Profession, not oidy hecause of its fame an<l utility, hut
h(!causo of the help and encourajj,'ement which it ^nves to
the development of all that is unselHsh and nolile and
heroic. That is a theme which mi<(ht well he eidarj^cd
upon, hut the mentio!i of whicli is like a truism. On
sucli an occasion as this we may at least recall, in ]mssin^',
the <;rounds foi- tho.s(! feelin^^fs and expi'essions of thankful-
ness and con;;ratulations the occasion itself naturally calls
for ; and while T am touchiii<^' upon that a.s])ect (»f the
matter I caiuiot refrain from referring to the contrihution
which has heen mach' in the literatures of to-day to this
particular topic ; I mean tlu^ nohility of the; Medical Pro-
fe.s.sion. T refer to a work which those who have already
read it, will admit may he eountetl as a classical contrihu-
tion to Enn'li.sh Literature, the hook calle<| " Beside the
Bonnie Briei' Bush," Characters ap])ear in that hook
which we shall rememher and claim as fi'iends, and anionji
the most eminently attractive of them is the pai'ish physi-
cian of the district which the story de.scrihes, Dr. William
MacLuri;. The narrative Ijrinii's out in liis character the
typical qualities which we look for in the true physician,
and one of these I cannot help alluding to. The life of a
poor woman, the wife of a labouring man, is des{)aired of.
The husband, who has rarely been known previously to
open his mouth in speech, is moved by his distress to make
an earnest and touchingly urgent appeal to tlie Doctor to
do something to save his wife. The Doctor dares not give
him any encouragement ; he knows no means l)y which
her life can be saved except by an operation by a famous
and skilful Surgeon, but that is a matter of a hundred

1»

guiiu'ds, ami wlicrc is the fee to cuinc fn in :' Wi' finds,
liovvt'vrr, »i FiinniT — a Scottish fanner, too — who is jntpand
to provide thv! necessary payment. The next moriiiii;;, in
answer to a teh'^'ratn, the Qikumi's Surgeon appears, and tlie

two doctors drive to the cotta

U'e,

Hut

•iver has to he

forded ; it is in Hood, and in passini^ tinoutfh it, the j^reat
Sur^'eon, though no coward, is affected l»y the terrific surg-
ing;, and swirling of the waters over the ford, and protests
against going further. '' We shall he lo.st," lu^ cries. His
companion, the C'ountry Doctor, re[)lie,s, " Lost you may he
.sooner or later if you shii-k your duty, hut ci-oss the rivm-
this day you .sliall." They do cross it, and the operation is
porfornuMl with succes.s. When the doctors parted the
poor p(M)plo are delighted l>y hearing tlie great Surgeon .say
to the local Doctor : " I am i)roud to have met you ; you
are an honoi' to our Profession." The author adds that the
Surgeon declined to take tlu; fee, hut, perliaps, this was an
instanci! of mere eccentricit3^

The Dean of the Faculty, in hi:i most interesting and ad-
mirable rcxivnte. and description of the vari(ais events which
have culminated in this nohh; occasioii, alluded to tlu' fact
tliat tiouhles will occui', even in connection with the Medi-
cal Department of a University. I presume that the Dean
refei-red, not to medical troubles, but to financial troubles
in relation to tlie ever-increasing needs of a great institu-
tion. We have r'ready had such a splendid illustration of
noble generosity, especially associated with the names of
Mr. Molson and Sir Donald Smith, that we can but speak
in terms of thankful congratulation, and in terms of cordial
appreciation such as have been so appropriately addressed
to the lady (Mrs. M(jlson), wdio has graced the occasion
with her pi-esence to-day. But, after all. it may not be out
of place to remember that the work has not reached
finality.. 'J'here may be the need and the opportunity for
future benefactions. The University is not grasping or
voracious ; it only asks for what is needed. It indeed
occupies the attitude which was well expressed by a worthy

iiii

Scotch woman, wlio when askt'd what her requirements fov
a livelihood were, replied that she would be content with
" a competency," and, when the further (juestion was put.
" what do you mean liy a competency ?" answered, " just
always a little more than I have got" — a im)st reasonable
and Ufitural desire on the part of any active University.

We are lookm<^^ forward, I am sure with (^i-eat interest,
to the next phase of these; proceedinns. I suppose we
ought not to hav(; grudged Dr. Osier to Haltimoiv ; a.s a
inntter oi fact probably we do grudge him ; but if within
the borders of the United States they could not find t!ie
man required for such a post, it was peii'ectly natural and
reasonable that they should come to Canada. That is a
principle which I think may always be safely adopted, —
that wliere a person is reijuired for any particular post,
you should search not only in the country in which the
institution exists, Imt the world over for the right man to
fill the I'ight place. I am sure that in the case of Dr.
Osier they have succeeded, and we may at least claim
the satisfaction of the fact that Dr. Osier, whose career
we are sure will become more and more bi'illiant, went
through the stages of his academical life in the Univer-
sity of McGill.

I cannot conclude even these few informal observations,
addressing as I am among the audience, a band of young
men to whose career we look forward as one which will be
a credit to themselves, their University, and their Country,
without referring to the fact, that we have had brought
before us dui'ing the past few weeks a notable and eminent
example of all that goes to make up a noble career — a
stimulus and an incentive, especially to young men
equipping themselves for the battle of life, to that devotion
to duty and that sacred auibition, w)iich seeks no mere
honor and distinction, but the welfare of the human race,
and of the country in which Cod has placed us.

PROFESSOR OSLKR's ADDRESS.
Tkachinc; and Tiiinkino— Thk Two Functions of a Medical Schooi/
Many things luive been uroed aoainst our nineteenth
century civilization — tliat political cnfranchiseiMent only
ends in anarchy, that the widcsprciid unrest in matters
spiritual leads only to unbelief, and that the best coiinnen-
ta)y on oui- boasted enlightennient. is the picture of Europe
inarms and the nations everywhere gnarring at each other's
heels. Of the [iractical progress in oni; direction, however,
there can be no doubt; no one can dispute, viz., the enor-
mous increase in the comi'ort of each individual life. Col-
lectively the human race, or portions of it at any rate, may
have in the past enjoyed periods of greater repose, and longer
intervals of freedv in from strife and anxiety ; but the day
lias never been when the unit has been of such value, when
the man, and the man alone, has been so nuich the measui-e,
when the individual as a living organism has seemed
so sacred, when the obligations to regard his rights have
seemed so imperative. But these chanoes are as nauo-lit in
comparison with the remarkal>U^ increase in his physical
well-being. The bitter cr}^ of Isaiah that with the multipli-
cation of the nations their j(>ys had not been inei'eased, still
echoes in our ears. The borrows and troubles of men, it is
true, may not have been materially diminished, but bodily
pain and suffering, though not abolished, have been as-
suaged as never before, and the share of each in the
Weltschmerz has been enoi-mously lessened.

kSorrows and g)"iefs are companions sure sooner or later
to join us on our pilgrimage, and we have become perhaps
more sensitive to them, and perhaps less amenable to the
old time remedies of the physicians of the soul ; but the
panis and woes of the body, to which we doctors minister,
are decreasing at an extraordinary rate, and in a way that
makes one fairly gasp in hopeful anticipation.

li. his Grammar of Afiscvf, in a notable passage on
suffering, John Henry Newman asks, " Who can weigh and

measure the aggregate of pain wliich tliis one generation
has endured, and will endure, from Itirtli to death ( Then
add to this all the pain wliich has fallen and will fall upon
our race through centuries past and to come." But take
the other view of it — think of the Nemesis which has over-
taken pain during the past fifty years ! Aufesthetics and
antiseptic surgery have almost manacled the demon, and
since their introduction, the aggregate of pain whicli has
been prevented far outweighs in civilized connnunities that
which has l)een suffered. Even the curse of travail has
been lifted from the soul of woman.

The greatest art is in the concealment of art, and I may
say that we of the Medical Profession excel in this respect.
You of the public wlio hear me, go al)out the duties of the
day profoundly indifferent to the facts I liave just men-
tioned. You do not know, many of you do not care, that
for the cross-legged Juno who pn-sided over the arrival of
your grandparents, there now sits a Ixniign and sti'aight-
legged goddess. You take it for granted tiiat if a sliouldei'
is dislocated, there is chloroform and a delicious Nepenthe,
instead of the agony of the pulleys and pai'aphernalia of
fifty years ago. You accept with a selfish complacency, as
if you were yourselves to be thard\L'd for it, that the arrows
of destruction fly not so thickly, an»l that the pestilence
now rarely walketh in the darkness ; still less do you
realize that you may now pray the prayer of Hezekiah
with a reasonable prospect of its fulfillment, since modern
science has made to almost everyone of you the present of
a few years.

I say you do not know these things. You hear of them,
and the more intelligent among you perhaps ponder them
in your hearts, but they are among the things which you
take for granted, like the sunshine, and the flowers, and the
ijlorious heavens.

'Tis no idle challenge which we physicians throw out to
the world, when we claim that our mission is of the highest
and of th(> noblest kind, not alone in curing disease, but in
educating the people in the laws of health, and in prevent-

ing the spread of plagues and pestilences ; nor can it l>e
gainsaid that of late years our reconl as a body, has lieen
more encouraging ni its pi-aetical results than those of the
other Learned Professions. Not that we all live up to the
highest ideals, far from it — we are only men. Bat we have
ideals, which means nmch, and they are realizable, which
means more. Of cours<; there ai"e G(>liazis among us who
serve for siiekels, whose ears hear only the lowing of the
oxen and the Jingling of the guineas, but these are excep-
tions, and the rank and file labour earnestly for your good.
and self-sacrificing devotion to your intei'ests animates our
best work.

The exercises in which we are to-day engaged, form an
incident in this beneficent work which is in pi'ogi-css
everywhere ; an incident which will enable me to dwell
upon certain aspects of the University, as a factoi- in the
promotion of the phj^sical well-being of the race.

A great University has a dual function, to teach and to
think. The educational aspects at first absorl) all its
energies, and in the equipment of the various departments
and in providing salaries, it finds itself hard pi'essed to
fulfil even the fii'st of these duties. The Dean has told us
the story of the progi'essof the Medical School of this Insti-
tution, which illustrates the struggles and difiiculties, the
worries and vexations attendant upon the ettbrt to place it
in the first rank as a teaching body. I know them well,
since I was in the thick of them for ten years, anil see to-
day the realization of man}'^ of my day-dreams. Indeed in
my wildest flights I never thought to see such a splendid
Group of Buildings as I have just insyjected. We were
modest in those days-, and I remember when Dr. Howard
showed me in great confidence the letter of the Chancellor,
in which he conveyed his first generous be(|uest to the
Faculty, it seemed so great t' at in my joy 1 was almost
ready to sing my Nunc di mitt Is. The great advances
here, at the Montreal General Hospital and at the Koyal
Victoria (both of which Institutions form mo.st essential

iri

parts of the Medical Schools of this city) mean increased
teaching facilities, and of necessity l)etter equipped (Gradu-
ates, better equipped Doctors ! Hen,' is the kernel of the
whole matter, and it is for this that we ask the aid neces-
sary to build large laboratories anti larger hospitals in
which the student may learn the science and art of Medi-
cine. Chemistry, Anatomy and Physiology give that per-
spective which enables him to place man and his diseases
in their proper position in the scheme of life, and afford at
the same time that essential basis 'ipon which alone a
trustworthy experience may be built. Each one of these is
a science in itself, complicated and difficult, demanding
much time and labour for its acquisition, so that in the few
years which are given to their study the student can only
master the principles and certain of the facts upon which
they are foundeil. Only so far as they bear upon a due
understanding of the phenomena of disease do these sub-
jects form part of the Medical Curriculum, and forus thiy are
but means — essential means it is true — to this end. A man
cannot become a competent surgeon without a full knowl-
edge of human Anatomy and Physiology, and the physician
without Physiology and Chemistry flounders along in an
aimless fashion, never able to gain an^^ accurate conception
of disease, practising a sort of pop-gun pharmacy, hitting
now the malady and again the patient, he himself not
knowing which.

The primary function of this department of the Univer-
sity is to teach men Disease, what it is, its manifestations,
how it may be prevented, and how it may be cured ; and to
learn these things the four hundred young men who sit (m
these benches have come from all parts of the land. But it
is no light responsibility which a Faculty assumes in this
matter. The task is not easy, being beset with countless
difficulties, some inherent in the subject, others inherent in
the men themselves, and not a few bound up with the
" fool multitude " among which we doctors work.

The processes of Disease are so complex that it is exces-

sivoly difficult to searcli out tlie laws which control them ;
and although wo havt; scin a complete revolution i:i our
ideas, what has been accomplished liy the new school of
Mec'icine is only an earnest of what the future has in store.
The three great advances of the century have been a
knowledge of the mode of conti.)lling Epidemic Diseases,
the introduction of Anesthetics, and the adoptior of Anti-
septic Methods in Surgery. Beside them all others sink into
insignificance, as these three contribute so enormously to the
personal comfort of the individual. The study of the
causes of so-called Infectious disorders has led directly to
the discovery of the methods for their control, for example,
such a scourge as T}'phoid Fever becomes almost unknown
in the presence of perfect drainage and an uncontaminated
water supply. The outloc^k, to(j, for Specific Methods of
treatment in these affections is most hopeful. The public
must not be discouraged by a few, or even by many
failu.' es. Tlu^ thinkers who are doing the work for you
are on the right path, and it is no vain fancy that before
the twentieth century is very old there may be effective
vaccines against many of the contagious diseases.

But a shrewd old fellow remai-ked to me the other day,
" Yes, many diseases are less frecjuent, others have disap-
peared, but new ones are always cropping up, and I notice
that with it all there is not only no decrease, but a very
great increase in the number of doctors."

The total aboliti<m of the infectious group we cannot
expect, ami for many years to come there will remain
hosts of bodily ills, even among preventable maladies, to
occupy our labours ; but there are two reasons which ex-
plain tlie relative numerical increase in the Frofession in
spite of ^ the great decrease in the number of certain
diseases. The development of Specialties has given em-
ployment to many extra men who now do much of the
work of the old family Practitioner, and again people em-
ploy doctors more frecjuently and so give occupation to
many more than formerly.

'J *

It cannot Ir' denied that we liave learned more rapidly
liow to priivent than how to cure diseases, but with a
definite outline of our iijnorance we no lonwr live now in
a fool's Paradise, and fondly imagine that in all cases we
control the issues of life and death with our pills and
potions. It took the Profession many generations to learn
that fevers ran their course, influenced very little, if at all,
by drugs, and the £60 which old Dover complained were
spent in medicine in a case of ordinary fever about the
middle of the last century, is now better expended on a
trained nurse, with infinitely less risk, and with infinitely
greater comfort to the patient. Of the diflficulties inherent
in the nrt not one is so serious fis this which relates to the
cure of disease by drugs. There is so much uncertainty
and discord even among the best authorities (upon non-
essentials it is true) that I always feel the force of a well-
known stanza in " Rabbi Ben Ezra," which, however, I
could not quote in the tender ears of students.

One of the chief reasons for this uncertainty is the in-
creasing variability in the manifestations of any one dis-
ease. As no two faces, so no two cases are alike in all
respects, and unfortunately it is not only the disease itself
which is so varied, but the subjects themselves have pecu-
liarities which modify its action.

With the diminished reliance upon drugs, there has been
a return with profit to the older measures of diet, exercise,
baths, and frictions, the remedies with which the Bythenian
Asclepiades doctored the Romans so successfully in the
first century. Though used less frequently, medicines are
now given with infinitel}^ greater skill , we know better
their indications and contradictions, and we niay safely
say (reversing the proportion of fifty years ago) that for
one damaged by dosing, one hundred are saved.

Many of the difficulties which surround the sul)ject
I'elate to the men who practice the ai't. The commonest
as well as the sa<ldest mistake is to mistake one's profession,
and this we doctors do often enough, .some of us without

cho

knowin*^* it. There are men who have never hail
preliminary ('(hication which would enahle them to f:;ras|)
the fundamental truths of the Science on which Medicine
is based. Others have poor teachers, and never receive
that bent of mind which is the all important factor in
education ; others a^ain fall early into the error of thi)ik-
ing that they know it all, and l)enetiting' neither by their
mistakes or their successes, miss the very essence of all
experience, and die bigger fools, if possible, than when
they started. There are only two sorts of doctors ; those
who practice with their brains, and those who practice with
their tongues. The studious, hard working man who
wishes to know his profession thoroughly, who lives in the
hospitals and dispensaries, and who strives to obtain a wide
and philosophical c<mception of disease and its processes,
often has a hard struggle, anvl it may take years of waiting
before he becomes successful ; but such form the Vjulwarks
of our ranks, and outweigh scores of the voluble Cassios who
talk themselves into, and often out of, practice.

Now of the difficulties bound up with the "fool multitude"
in which we doctors work, I hesitate to speak in a
mixed audience. Connnon sense in matters medical is
rare, and is usually in inverse ratio to the degree of educa-
tion. I suppose as a body, Chirgymen are better educated
than any other, yet they are notorious supporters of all the
nosti-ums and humbuggery with which the daily and
religious papers abound, anil I tind that the further away
they have wandered from the decrees of the Council of
Trent; the more apt are they to be steeped in Thaumatui'gic
and Galenical superstition. But know also, man has an
inborn craving for medicine. Generatians of heroic dosing
have given his tissues such a thirst that even young infants
in the higher circles of society have been known to cry for
certain druas. As I once before remarked, tlie desire to
take medicine is the one feature which distinguishes man,
the animal, from his fellow creatures. It is reall}' one of
the most serious difficulties with which we have to contend.

•28

i,f

itf:?

'^\

,: "i

Evt'U in niinoi- ailments, wliicli would yield to dictiiiy- or
to .simple home remedies, tlie doctor's visit is not tliou^dit
to be complete witlioiit tlie [)rescri[)tion. And now that the
pharmacists have cloaked even the most nauseous I'emedies,
the temptation is to use medicine on every occasion, and
I fear we may return to that state of polypharmacy, the
emancipation from winch has been the sole gift of Hahne-
mann and his followers to the race. As the public becomes
more enliglitened, and as we get more -sense, dosing will be
recognizod as a very minor functif)n in tlie practice of
Medicine in comparison with the old measures of Asclepiades.
After all, these difficulties — in tlie subject itself, in us,
and in you — are lesstiuing gradually, and we have the
consolation of knowing that year by year the total amount
of unnecessary suffering is decreasing at a rapid rate.

In teaching men what Disease is, how it may be pre-
vented, and how it may be cured, a University is fulfilling
one of its very noblest functions. Tlie wise instruction
and the splendid example of such men as Holmes, Suther-
land, Campbell, Howar(,l, Ross, Macdonnell, and others have
carried comfort into thousands of homes throughout this
land. The benefits derived from the increased facilities for
the teaching of Medicine, which have couk* with the great
changes made here and at the Hospitals during the past
few years, will not be eonfined to the citizens of this town,
but will be widely diffused and felt in every locality to
which the Graduates of this school may go ; and every gift
which promotes Higher Medical Education, and which
enables tiie Medical Faculties throughout the country to
turn out better doctors, means fewer mistakes in diagnosis,
greater skill in dealing with emergencies, and the saving
of pain and anxiety to countless sufferers and their friends.

The Physician needs a clear head and a kind heart ; his
w^ork is arduous and complex, requiring the exercise of the
very highest faculties of the mind, while constantly appeal-
iiiiT to the emotions and finer feelings. At no time has his
influence been more potent, at no time has he been so

powerful a factor for good, and as it is one of the highest
possible duties of a <,a-eat dniversity to fit men fortius
callinn', so it will he your hi<i;hcst mission, Students of Medi-
cine, to carry on the never-endin<^- vvurfaic a,yainst disease
and death, better e(|uipped, abler men than your predeces-
sors, but aiumated with their spirit and sustained by their
hopes, " for the hope of ayvry creature is the baiuiei- that
we bear."

The other Function of a University is to think Teaching
current knowledge in all departments, teaching the steps
by which the stata.s praw/js has Ijeen i-eached, and teacli-
ing how to teach, form the routine work of the various
College Faculties, which may l)e done in a perfunctorj'
manner by men who havi' never gone deeply enough into
their subjects, to know that really thinking al)0ut them is
in any way impta-tant. What I mean by the Thinking
Function of a University, is that duty which the professional
corps owes to enlarge the boundai-ies of human knowledgt'.
Work of this sort makes a Uni\'ersity great, and alone
enables it to exercise a wide influence on th( minds of men.

We stand to-day^ at a critical point in the Histoiy of this
Faculty. The equipment for teaching, to supply which has
taken years of hard struggle, is approaching completion,
and with the co-operation of the CJeneral and tin; Rijyal
Victoria Hospitals, students can obtain in all l)ranches a
thorough training. We have now reached a position in
which the Higher University Work may at any rate be dis-
cussed, and towards it progress in the future must trend.

It may seem to be discouraging, aftei' so much has been
done and so much has been so generously given, to say
that there remains a most important function to foster and
sustain, but this aspect of the question must be C(msidered
when a School has reached a certain stage of development.
In a Progressive Institution the changes come slowly, the
pace may not be perceived by those most concerned, except
on such occasions as the [iresent, which serve as land-
marks in its evolution. The men and methods of the old

Mill'

lilt

!;iii

Cote street Scliool wen; better thati those with whleh tlie
Faculty started ; we ami our ways at the ik'W Building on
University sti'eet were hotter than those of Cote stn^ot S
and now you of tlu^ Present Faculty, teach and work nnicli
better tlian we did ten years a^o. Everywhere the old
order chan'^eth, and liappy those wIk; can chanfjfc; with it.
Too many, like the defeated oods in Keats' llypei'ion, un-
able to receive the balm of the truth, I'esent the wise words
of Oceanus (which I (juoted here with very dift(!rent feel-
ings some eii^diteen years ag(i in an Introductory Lecture)

" Still oil our heels a frosh perfection treiulH,
***** bori. of UH,
Fated to excel uis."

Now the fresh perfection which will trea<l on our heels
will come with tluf tippoi'tunities foi- Hij^dier ITnivei'sity
Woi'k. Let me indicate in a few words its scope and ai)ns.

Teacluirs who teach current knowledoe arc; not necessai'ily
investigators; many have not had the needful traininoj ;
othei-s have not the needful time. 'J'he very best instructor
for students may have no conception of the higher lines of
woi'k in his bivinch, and contrariwise, how many lirilliant
investigators have been wretched teachers ? Li a School
which has reached this stage, and wishes to do Thinking as
well as Teaching, men must lie selecttMJ who are not only
thoroughly <iu coarant with the best work in their depart-
ment the world over, but who also have ideas, with
ambition and energy to put them into force, — men who can
add, each one in his sphere, to the store of the world's
knowledge. Men of this stamp alone confer greatness
upon a University. They should be sought for far and
wide ; an institution which wraps itself in Strabo's cloak
and does not look beyond the College gates in selecting
professors may get good teachers, but rai-ely good thinkers.

One of the chief difficulties in the way of advanced
work is the stress of i-outine class and laboratory duties,
which often saps the energies of men capable of higher
things. There are two essential provisions, first, to give

t\u\ ProfoHsors ph^nty of assistance, so that thvy will iu»t Ix'
worn out with t(!aehing ; and, second, to ;4iv(' t'lieonra'-c-
nu'iit to (Jraduatcs and others to carry on researches under
their direction. With a system of Fellowships and Research
Scholarships a University may have a liody of ahle voun"-
men, who on the outposts of knowled^fe are exploriny,
surveyinj^, definin^^ and correcting. 'IMieir work istlw out-
ward and visible sitrn that a Uiiiversity is Thinking'. Sur-
rounded by a group (»f bright younn' minds, well tiaiiied
in ailvanced methods, not only is the Professor himself
stinuilated to do his best work, but he has to keej) far
afield and to know what is stirrin^' in ev(;ry part of his
own domain.

With the wise co-operation of the Univei'sity and the
Hospital authorities Montreal should become the Edinburgh
of America, a great Medical CVntre to which men will Hock
for sound learning, whoise Lalica-atories will attract the
ablest students, and whose teaching will go out into all
lands, universally recognized as of the highest and of the
best type.

Nowhere is the outlook more encourauino- than at
McGill. What a guarantee for the future does the pi-o-
gre-ss of the past decade afford ! No city on this continent
has so liberally endowed higher (nlucation. Thei'e i-emains
now to foster that undetinalile something which, for want
of a better term, we call the University Spirit, a something
which a rich institution may not have, and wnth which a
poor one may be saturated, a something which is associated
with men and not with money, which cannot be purchased
in the market or grown to order, but which comes insen-
sibly with loyal devotion to duty antl to high ideals, and
without which NchusJitdn is written on its portals.

THE VICE- PRINCIPALS ADDRESS

Professor Johnson, the Acting Principal, being called upon
by His Excellency, w^as received wnth cheers. He said that
he was there as the Representative of the University and

iiioir- t'Hpuciiill}' of the otiusr Facultiivs, and lie couM nt)t
('xpi'(>Hs too fully tholr c(tn<^:'iitiiliitions upon tlu* completion
ol' till' new lliiililiii^', wliit'h is to Im- occupietl l»y the Mnlicnl
Kiu'iilty of iMc( Jill. 'I'hey rrjoict'd at the coiiiplrtioii of ii
Huiidiii^' tluit (lid credit to Mt'(iill and tliu UiiivcM-sity's
iiolde and jn'i-nerous Htaiefactors. Montreal and, indcinl, the
whole Dondnion, lu! heiicveil, had reason to he proud of
the Mc(»ill School of Medieine. Professor ilohnson then,
proceeded to speak of the thoroughness that had at all
times charactei'i/e(| the operationn of the Faculty that was
liein^n' houored to <Iay ; and he had no douht that this high
standard. l)oth as n^gards studies and rtjsults, would bu
ri;^idly maintained in the future. The Actinn' Pi'ineipal,
while pleased with what had heen done, thou<,dit that still
hetter thijii;s would he done hy this Faeidty iu the ytjars
to come. He hoped that the day was not distant when the
two deerees of Bachelor of Arts and |)octor of Medicin(!
could lie taken in six years. '^Phis could he donts hethoui;ht,
h\' such an arranucment of cour.ses and lecture jiours in the
Faculties of Arts and Medicine, that ther(> should he no
duplication of the same or sindlar suhjects. No hi-anch
of Science has made greater proi^r"Ss than Medicine, the
advance in which, nM<,dit faii'ly l>e compared with the re-
maikahle advances in the Physical Sciences. The Profes.sor
concluded his ad<li"ess hy .sayinj.^ that he would Ite in f.ivor
of (istablishiuij^ Pi'izes, that would entitht ch^ver an<l worthy
(ij'aduates to travel and study iu foroii^ii lands, and even-
tually bring' back the knowleiii^e thus act|uired, placing'
the same at the disposal of Alma Mater and of the country.
(Cheers.)

SIR WILLIAM Dawson's address.

Sir William Dawson being called upon by His Excellency,
saitl that for thirty-eight years he had enjoyed the pi'ivihige
of following with intere.st and pleasure the growth and pro-
gress of the Medical Faculty, and of taking a certain shai-e
in pi'omoting its interests in coiniection with the Univer-
sity. He had seen its growth from the time when there

wero 50 or 00 stiulcnts ill the old lirick liiiiMiiiH' mi Cutv
stn't^t to the prt'scnt, wlini tlicrr were 400, witli tin- iimi;-
iiiliccnt Cliiss-fooiiis hikI liuliorutniMcs wliicli wtrc Dpt'iicil
that (lay. This ^^rcat growth apju'an'il to him to have Immii
fully iiifritt'd hy the »'ani('.stiit'.ss >iiiil the iiliility o|* tho
Draiis, vvlio had control oF the l^'aculty, and tliiMr ( 'ollciij^'iics.
nil throijifh that tiiiif. lie did not think that in any
('•lucational work with which lie hud hccn connected, he had
ever met a more (earnest and devoted hody oj" men than
tlioHo in tlio McOill Medical Faculty. Another eienient
which he thou;jfht had contril)Ute<l veiy much to the i-ecent
Benefactions to the Faculty was the character of tlm
( Ji-aduates it had heen sendintr out. It had pi-oduced many
distinguished j)i'ofe.ssional men, of whom Dr. Osier mi^ht
he taken as a type and a most hrilliatit e.xamph'. It had
also sent (ait a very lart^e numher of men wh(» minht lie
termed ordinary and useful Practitioners who, thou«;li little
known to fame l)eyond their own localities, were of price-
less value to our Country. Those who had lived in Canada
for any length of time and had visited the outlying- dis-
tricts knew how much of the coinfoi't of the people
depended on the thorouf^hly well-trained Medical Men of
the country. His Excellency had mentioned a touching-
Scottish example, hut hundreds of such could he fouml in
Canada. In this work of supplying' ahle local i'ractitioiuu's
the Mc()rill Me<lical School, without dispai'agement to any
other institution, had, lu^ venture<l to .say, home ;i very
large share. The MedicalCraduates of Mcdill were to he
found in all parts of the Dominion and everywhere were
regarded as trustworthy professional men. Tiie medical
student of to-day was the medical graduate of to-morrow,
who was to be the most trusted adviser in the most serious
crises of life and to spend his life in doing all that lie could
to niitiirate suft'erino- and to save life. Even if a Medical
Man's work were with him a professional work, it was a
great and glorious mission, in which his heart, as well as
Ids interest, had to miter, in order to make it the Profession
which it ought to he, and to ensure the greatest success.

i"i

Sir William tliiMi coiii^ratulatiMl Doaii Craik on the event
of the (lay, and on the jn'esence of the Oovenior-Cjeneral
and Lady Al)enleen. Ife thought that they all had reason
to congratulate themselves upon having l)eenable to borrow
their old friend Dr. Osier for a little while, to speak on
those orimnal investiuations in Medical Science which are
doing so much to alleviate suffering and to prolong life, but
which are still in their infancy and hold out the most in-'
viting pros))ects to original research. He hoped that every
student present would l)ear in nnnembrance and carry out
in his life, the great object of delivering man from being
the victim and slave of his surroundings, and of making
him what his Cn^atoi- intended, their Lord and Master. In
this connection he need scarcely say that he fully con-
curred in the suggestions of the Vice-l^-incipal with
reference to the welding together of the Faculty of Arts
and Medicine ni such a manner that Medical Stu<lents and
Graduates might be bettei' prepared to coinprehend the
Scientific Principles of Medicine and to be leaders in the
general enlightenment of the community.

-iiii

At the conclusion of Sir William Dav/son's speech, Hi.s
Excellency expressed his hearty thanks for the Souvenir in
the form of the gold Key which had been presented to him.
It was valuable, nt)t only .symbolically, but intrinsically,
being evidently made of .solid Gold ; and the iri.scription
would record for the benefit of those who would come after
him what he was not likely himself to forget, namely, that
he had the privilege of taking part in the; interesting pro-
ceedings of the day. He then formally declared the Build-
ing Open.

Three cheers v ('re then given for the Queen and three

for the University, I<'(1 hy tlit^ (Jovci'iiori Jciuiral, and, upon
the call of Mr. .John Craw lord, three were niveii for tlie
Governoi'-Oeneral, which closed the Ceremony.

S()(;[.\L KMNCTFON.

On the conclusion of tlu; Addresses the second part of
the procrramnio, and that of more interest to the ]iul)lic in
j]jeneral was entered upon. The larj^^e nund)ers of the
guests who wiM'e unahle to oain admission to the Lecture
Theatre, where the s|)eeches were delivered, minified with
the throng that came from it and rapidly spread themselves
over the lajikling. All the Laboratories were thoroughly
investigated, the very large number of ladies present seem-
ingly taking th(^ keenest interest in all.

Tea was served in the Faculty Room and in the Labora-
tory of Hygiene.

ryi>^Gtii-OQii^g.

Gpoond fToor PIqitj

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)ond floor Plain

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rQ\'ory

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loorPlcin

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Hygieqe, Stc,

APPBNDIX,

DESCRIPTION OF THIi BUILDINGS.

In 1(S(S5, tlio biiildiiio' in the University jrri-ound.s, erected
l)y the Governors for the nse of the Faculty, was found
inadequate. A new Building was then added, which, at
the time, afforded ample facilities for carryino- out the
,^reat aim of the Faculty,— tliat of making' the teachin,<;' of
the primary branches tlioi-ouf'hly practical.

The Laboratories and Lecture Rooms, then added, have
now become filled, and so gi-eat have been the advances in
Medicine and in the methods of laboratory teaching, that
it has been necessary again to inci-ease the nund)ei- and size
of tlie Laboratories. Owing to the timely genei-osity of
Mr. John H. R. Molson, who has already done so nuich for
the University, the facilities for teaching in the Faculty of
Medicine have been more than doubled.

As will be seen on reference to the architect's plans,
the new buildings have been erected as an extension
of the old ones, towards the north-west, partially facing
Carlton Road, and convenient to tlie Royal Victoria Hos-
pital. They connect the Pathological building acquired
in 1898, with the older buildings, and comprise a large
modern Lecture Room, capable of acconnnodating 450
students, with adjoining preparation-rooms and new suites
of Laboi-atories for Physiology, Histology, Pharmacology
and Sanitary Science. The Laboratories, etc., in the older
buildings, have been greatly enlarged and improved : the
whole of the second floor has been devoted to the Anatomi-

:!l

'AH

':'1

cal (Icpartiiit'iifc, and will he (livitltMJ into a (lisHt'ctin^-rooin.
anatomical imiscuin, lioiM'-i'oum, piTpaiatiim ivmuiis, Pm-
i'cMsoi's' and I )riii(iiistratiirs' rooms, etc.

Oil till' f^^rouiid Hoof tlic ljil>nii'y and Museum have Iiccm
i,n't'atly tular^vd ; a I'oom t'oi"miu<,^ pai't f»f the Liltrary haw
lu't'U set apart as a rcadin*; room for tlic use of students,
uher(^ the extensive Reference [iilirary of the Faculty may
l»e consulted. The old chemical lalioi'atoi'ies have heen
increascid l>y includin!.;' the Lah(jratories formerly used Ity
the department of IMiysiohjgy.

LKCTIJUK ROOMS.

In the huildini^s occupied this session, as will Ik; seen by
reference to diaj^i-ams, in addition to the Lai (oratories, dis-
sectin;i,'-r()om, etc., there are three lai'jfe Lecture Rooms,
two capable of ce.mfoi'tahly seatinjj;' about ."JOO students,
and one for lectures, examinations, etc., capable of seat'
450 students.

ROOMS I'OI! srilKKNTS USE.

Thrcte cloak rooms are provided in convenient poi'tions
of the buildiujn', !ii\d in aijdition, connnodious lockers can
be procured provided with special locks at a nominal rental.
A larj^c Well li^hte(l veadiui^-room containiiif,^ news[)apers^
maj^azines and the current medical joui-nals, is provided
in the new block. The oi-i^inal Libraiy has been refitted
as a comfortable readin^-ioom for students desii'in^ to
avail themselves of the reference works in th(( Library of
the Faculty.

DISSECTINCJ ROOM.

The Dissecting Room, which is situat(!d on the second
rioor, is L shaped, one arm of which is 7G feet in lenjjjth
and 31 feet in breadth, and the other arm 45 by 32 feet.
It is furnished with thirty tables, and is well lighted dur-
ing the rlay and night. In procuring appliances for the
comfort and convenience of the students, no reasonable ex-
pense has been spared.

In connection with the dissecting-room, there is a " Bone
room," and Anatomical Museum where students have an

31)

cxcrllcut, oppni'tmiity nt' st,ll(|yiM'4- Osti'olniry. 'rinTf life
also rnoiiis I'df till- I )ciiit»iistnit<»rs nl" Amitniiiy.

I'llVSloLOCK'AI, l,.\ll(>ltAI(il!li:s.

Tile Mr\v IMiyxiolouu'iil liiilioniturics, wliicli urc sitii'itt-tl
(HI the u|»j)('i' tittor «>1' till! tU'W ItuiMiii;^, lire supplied with
iiKxIcni nppiu'iitus I'oi' till' pructiciil tt'iicliin^' 'of tin' inost
ituportiint lirnncli ol' tlic inciliciil eun'iciilum. Tlu'y con-
sist of one larj^t' room I'orty-tivc hy tliirty-tivc Feet for
llii(lt'r;4riuluuti! work and two sniallcr ones for more ail-
vancL'd work and private research. In addition thcri! is a
room set apart for a consultinn' Library and for the special
use of the Professor of this dej)artment. The Student's
Lahoratoiy is arran<4'e(| in such a way as to permit of
Students assistin^iji' at, and takin;^ pai't in demonstrations.
Durin^r the comine' session im)>' taut additions will 1m;
made to the ap{)aratus of the riiy^ioloeicial LalH)ratory.

HIST()L()(iI<'Al, LAUOUATOUIKS.

The Histological Laboratory proper, is a lai'^'e. well
lie'hted I'oom on tlu' set;ond tlooi' of the new huildinij;. It
is so arranu'ed that over (.'iu'htv Student^ can he present at
the microscoj)ical (h-monstrations ; for this purpose; it is
supplied with .50 mici*oscoi)es. Krom the larj^fe mnnher of
mierosco])es employe(l, students will have special facilities
in studyine' and niakine' themselves thoroughly ac(|uainted
with the specimens that are the suhjects of demonstration.
Ill addition to this thei-e is a smaller Laboratory for tlu;
use of the Professors and Demonsti'atoi-s.

PHARMAC'OLOOtCAL LAIJOKATORY.

The Pharmacological Laboratorj' is a lare-e room 45 by
35 feet, situated on the second floor of the new building.
It is now being furnished with the necessary appliances for
the practical teaching of Pharmacology.

CHEMICAL LABORATORY.

The Chemical Laboratoiy is large, lofty, and well lighted
and can accommodate comfortably 126 men at one time,

I I'

I"*}!

I I
III ! I

but only a much .smaller number are allowed to work at
one time. Each student, wlien entering on his course, has
a numbered table in tne Laboratory assigned to him for
hi.i use during the session. Each table has its own gas
and water fixtures, and is provided with shelves for its
corresponding set of reagent-bottles, as well as a drawer
and locker containing a modern set of chemical apparatus
especially adapted for the work. This apparatus is pro-
vided by the Faculty, and supplied to each student without
extra charge. Tlu^ Student is only required to pay for
apparatus broken or destroyed.

The Laboratory is ventilated by an electric fan and fully
equipped for the various courses of study, thus giving
to the Student unsurpassed advantages for acquiring a
sound and practical knowledge of Medical Chemistry.
LABORATORY OF PRACTICAL HYGIENE.

On the Mezzanine floor, between the upper and lower
stories, and behind the large Lecture Room, is the Labora-
tory of Practical Hygiene and Public Health. It is a large
and commodious room with abundance of light, and is
being fitted up with all the latest models, apparatus and
appliances for tiiorough instruction in Sanitary Science.

PATHOLOGICAL LABORATORY.

A large building of three stories, 47 by 40 feet, adjoining
the College, recently f^cquired by the Faculty, thanks to
the generosity of Mr. J. H. R. Molson, constitutes the
Pathological Laboratory ; it has undergone extensive altera-
tions to fit it for the purpose. The uppermost floor has
been converted into one large Laboratory for classwork in
Practical Pathology and Bacteriology ; upon the floor
beneath are Laboratories for research, a preparation room,
Professor's private rooms and Library, and culture rooms ;
while upon the ground floor are rooms for the attendant,
for storage and for keeping animals. Work rooms for the
Curator and Osteologist are provided in the upper story
of the building.

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