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LKVIS Pkistkk bv Mkiuiki; .V (' I8!)l Fr^ ^.il TO THE I|EYEl\Ef(D JOSEI'Il LEMIEOX. r<',is/,.I',irsl nf,Tiine le II. severe Sim 1)1 i( it J i-ei,i;!is arc.und ; i( is i.neof th(jse t iny nests dreamt of hy }»hilos()j,hy .us a fitting home for its votaries, and on its threshold may l>e r(; ad itrvn f/oimiSj iixti/nii ijaii Tl lis little house is the preshyU'ry wl leri' dwells the parish-pri<>st of Tad ousac It was th( diil ere, .vtiiU; enjoying a sweet re pose, that T first thought (►f writing these 1 ble j)ages. 1 (hMlieate them to 1 unn- lim whose guesi 1 was tor one day of my life and whose MU>\\ st dent I was foi* ten years. u- ^ ni rADOUSAC Airivul l>v infill. - First si^lii ot Tadoutaf. The Mumeluns. Oriifin ni ilu- wonl Tiulmisiw. - I.Aiise :i I'Kaii. h vv.is <'le\<'ii o'clock ill iiii^'lil, wIkmi oiii steamer toUjhod 'I'julousuc whuif, ft»f its t<»iir,sf' aloiii,' ilic S;iL>u<'ii;iy }i.ul I)f'<'ii ret art led I ty (lie li«»a\ y t'oii", A smiiky «'ual-uil ];unj) tliicu u lurid lii^lil: on tlu* (U^Herted slion* and the slfcpiin^M'rh.x's of tUo solitary landscajH' wok<' to life oil (»ur ari'iv- al. Fi'om uiit tli«' dark niuht tluMc arose a most umlioly roiifusion of noises, tlie caj.tain •shoutintf his oi-ders to tiyhttMi the voih'H, the stoam oni^n'ne laljorini;- and j>antiii<;\ the trucks, for Luuh'iiL;' the mails, rattlinu' ajid creakinu'. vSudderily shrill and })owerful \oices rose even 6 TADorsAr liii^lifi- than t lie iili«»iuly dcufrnini; tunimil uiid Itrokc nil tilt' i'jir from tlir liju'lit, from the ]»'ff, fr»»m ;ilio\r, fiom Ix'low. At otic moment tliey M'f'mcd to issiu> from (he very si(l<>s of iIm' lio.it, .it UMotlirr (o 1»(' Itnnic on tjic (.-rosts of tin* Wiivcs, to sj)rin;;- from the thickets (»f dwnrf tirs, fiom tiic wvy hcich itself. The st,roIIer hv iii;,'ht \\]\it stirs up tlic muddy water-s infested hv s\vju-ms of Ncneiahlc old froi;s could not awaken more dismal sounds than that indul,i^<'d in 1)V the Tadousac troachnu*n. I^^m' it was these <'(mi- tlemen who aroused the j»assen;^ers from their sleej) l»y their r ierciji^' cries of Tailousac Hotel 1 Taditusac H( tel ! We had liardly entered tlie hotel coach wluMi we found that we were crossin*,' a tottei-injr bridy^e of planks at full ijallop. The elder lad screamed with fri'dit, whilst our Jel les lu, in a thun th derinu- voice, exclaimed to us: // m vflri/ Mack fonif/hf. I/' //on, hm whf'r fiiL Evidently this (list wl 7/on are, ynn h>>frufht- iij,i,'uished < >achman 10 so jauntily sported his seedy old coat must have been a native of tlie place. We made 1 am TADOUHAC talk Hiioor hwly, a millionaire, wlio every cll> ami liiiiiilx ilitl ut h(.iU tin miuikI (»f ilir SI Kawirii'M' uuUm'm, oci'mi-bduiid, I'asisiii); froiii •■i;;ht into Ihc ()isUni(')> drrtir, H!;i.:K Suuiifiiiiv's (l('i'|i vMi(i'i> riillt'd iicur H;t(l>i!i!U Ihc t'ctt o( I host' I. ill wnrlil fniiic «! catx's \N tio^e- shii'luw -1 il;iiUI\ fu!', wliosc iiiiL;lii.\ sliapci Siiuid (iiii liki ttn\isii( (.hIiIc'i in,\>tn Itamif'i's hxw Ttu' sciiitillatiiiji wavo!) ^axe liack to \ icw lleav'ii's hliic arch licdiv K'd x\ illi luaiiy a slur Ahovc (>ni heads sircti'h'd iutlnili'ls lar A ftiifx doiiif above I he esliiiiI'V. The ahiuf i«. a >ili;^liily lite uaiislai nii of the t'uil.iw iiitf lines eoiii\Hwed \>\ I'nehotic, the \m1I known ('aiiaoi'i ; Noiif< etioiis pal N enu!< siir nil coin d(' I'alaise \ i''tif.id>l(' halcoii doii I'oti |MHixuil i'l I'.tist' ( "uiifeniphT dans sii Here et nidc inujcste. Ihi nioine Tadonsstw' I'ltofizon lounni'titi'. I>u hani de ce jiliiteau, dans eetle unit loin'mntr' l/omhre elail soleiuielle ei la S('ene alisortianle ; lei, le Saint Kanrenl i|n'oii enieiid 1: tniloinuT \' lunenienl , et i|ni laisse a peine de\ iner Ses lointuins \i\|KaiiTUX no^ i^s (lansi lej* it'tiehrcfi. lA, \v St^fiK-nay iioir, a\ ee sos i>U's cdU'hics t^iii, jetaiit des tlots d ondiro opiKpie au\ ulentours, Sendilonl eoninie un ainax de fahulenws t^mi-s rieines de jo lie sals mu'l faroiulu' iiiysfove, Dresse li'i pour vjardcr la tt^in51>ieUKi^ aitero. A n.n ]>ieds le liat'au honde de voyaji'i'Virs, Doiit lesfanaiix, liiss;\nt leiirs saii),dunus rongeurs, TADOUSAC llius saiiM nil- CaiuKliaii l);un t'oiuMl iiim in ,, wakin- .licaiii. All. IK,' uikI h.^iiniii^; I.) {\tv «..a ^hnn's Huii^h l»iit rvciy one, is not a jMH'(, and, Krin^i^ bclat^Ml travrllciy, w.- (hou^lil il woiihi l.r h.-l tt-r f(M- IIS to a\va,it I lie iiionmi;^' Iwtoii' j»aviiii( our (•..iirt to i\\r Iwaiiiics of slr('|iin-,' Tudousac i'o nia,k<' use of til,, cliissir I<\''Ih''|oh'm j.o,'- tiral «'Xj)n.-;si<.ii. Tadoiisac lias '' a \ icw .-xin-i'sy- iy made to ploas*^ tJic .-Vi' ". N.'sMcd in a liollou of th.' sK'j'j) Lauirnlid.'s. it s.-.-nis likr a nest of venhuv siiii(.iuhI( .1 hy l,;,.ak and hanvii Inl- lenlly die away as it v\eiv in a hay that is Aihoi i|iie (l»'s iftlfiw oints (r.,r cniistill, . CiVnnnf iin (Lum- fLViii|Hc a ci- sntithr.' i smairt^ " Seul, et pivtaiil IVxvill, u la i iiuubun i.k'> ^ricvus 10 TADOUSAC carpeted witli sand of suoli iimi\allearisoii with this (»ne. The hay itself is of so jjci-fect an osal in shaj)e that one luii^iit well fancy sou»e niyste- ri<»us artist h.-ul traced its outline on purpose to jnake a (tontrvist with the rud<' outlines of the suiToundin;^ peaks which scon to haxc heen r(»U!j;hly liewu out with hatchets. We are three hundr'ed miles from tht^ sea and f<»i-ty leaii;u(^s more must he passed hefore we can reach Quehec. The river is here twenty fouj' miles wide, and, across its dark l)lu<' wati^rs, we latch siiifht of the line of mountains on the sou th sh ore an(S 1 can i^eT'ceive tlie roofs of th acouna am tl III tne sun 1 11 liirht. iviere-< lu-L 1 jOUU llOUSt'S ir list< nuig Away in the St-Tiawrence itself may l>e seen the I'ocky sIkm'cs of Ked Island (He- Mouge), fertile in shij>wi'ecks, and the flat shores of Tlari' Island (lie au\ Tjicvres). hoth islands looking \('ry nnich like ships at anch<»i-. ( >n calm days, when the sea is like a nurror, these TADOUSAC. 11 islands shm.i t., 1h> sjuin-fuo- ft,,,,, t|ic Ik.som, ..f tlio w.ifors and to iviiuiin susp.M.d.Ml in tli.- air. Ti. the riulit arc tlu- gorges of ihr Sai^Mie- ii.iy, a stran.nc .sort of ...stuarv «»r arm of tho sea, an ahyss iiollowvd out iM'twccn two rliains of l».'invn mountains xv|„mv only a few stunted >>nvh and j)ino trees ^^row and Nvl.id, river is so nild ar.d dreary-looking tl.at one American writer has called it "the river of death " ; wjiijst aiu.ther, more classically ami less gl.n.nnly dis- posed, has cojnpared it to the rivei-s Styx and Acheron. "This river is as l)eautiful ;vs the Seine, almost as laj.!.! as the Rhone and deejKM-, in many places, than the sea '" wrote a Jesuit mis- sionary of form n- tim m. It is even said that its impetuous torrent sensibly afieets the St Lawrence at low water and even at the distance* of many nn'les is powerful enough to (;hange the course of ships (i). iJefore venturi».g to ero.ss it.. Jacques Cl^artier waited a whole idght at anchor under the .shelter of Hare Jsland." (1) BoHchptte TADOUSAC *» ;* '* llaviiiii afiivoiaUlc, wiiidanil tlu'tidelM-inj; lialf lii.'di,' ChiUiiplain ui-i»te(n. '"oii account of the Sa!j;ucuiiv curn nts wliicli i»ii''lit drive y«n ill anodicr dirccUuii, raise your aiiclior and set sail, - ■t yourself out of tlie 1 w o o leiiit vdu tan jj:< I lU'i'en ts of the Sa-ucnav, if it is calm, and tlius enter the said poi-t lieinu- in the jxM-t, carry a i>L>- : '.Livciiticri!, T.N DOUHAC 13 sucli inannfM's us we?-** hold .mioui^Ii to vnitun," (Ml it. It, was said to \>o tilled with eddies and t<. be suhjeet to daii^rerciis teinjiests and w))iil- M-inds. Fisjierrneu's l).)ats wt're said to lia\.' been eauidit by ,i,'i,u'anl ic water-spouts and piti- lessly .i-nslied a,i,'ainst tlu^ inhospitaVilf sIkm-cs whi<-b wej-e stecj), shelt.M-Iess and liai-lK.iless. 'riietta(b"ni;eonipani('s that had be<'ti estab lished here nM.tribut.'d to l<»'e})in,o' up these le.^rends, sin high, round-hcsaded, Ineast- sha})ed hills which shut them in to the north. TIm' winds )nost t,o he feared aic those that ))low from thc! river, ])ut when the long Lark flats (hattui'e aux Allouettes), which terminate the Saguenay shore, are not covered hy the sea, they form a j>owcrful bulwark. Tadousac uwess its name to the hilla which TADOUHAC 15 suiTuuiid it, .1)1(1 was tlius cullev the Mont.i!'- iiais Indians whti rcsidod tluMCd). No words can })aint tlie c-ahn tnuujuillity of Tfulousac. The lianilct is only f?'<*(|U<'nttKl by lo\('rs of j)«'ac«' and (juit't, wJiilst tliose, "who arc in searcli of a spot wIxmc tliey can let time sli]) away leisurely, need liav«^ no f<>ai' of Iwinjjj here molested l)y tlic intrusive idlers wIk* fre(|uciit inoic fa.'-liiona})lc wat<*rin<:;-plaees. The cli(r itself utVci-s e\cry advantage for seclusion fioin intruders, since it abounds in little cosy, sheltered iMMiks wlicnce niaffniticent views are to l>c (t)»tained. The waxes hrcsik at (1) Acconliiiv; III M'^r l.iiHii'lic tln' Cici' or Imliiiii \M»re)liiit; the iiuine is to he found in all the oil! M S. Tile hw^v iinxleriidietionaries ^'i\e iwtli Tadvutisac and Tudoumc. 10 T\r)nrsAr youi' f(M>t, tlu' shore is lovely, whilst pure water and u;ol(»re what Sai;vie- nay and the mysterious North. One after the otlier the watei-s of this ))ay haxc heen visited hy t he julventurous (Muharkat ions of Cai'tier, the discoNcrer, the swift, liiL;ht harks of the I*>as(jue and Ihetoii llil)usti«..e f,„. , ,.,„^, tune tl„. four «,,.,.,. „,„li„. ;-l.-»t,, ,1„. ,„„st f,,.,,„e„to,l, I,,.. ,.e,„,.in„l su- '■"'-'■y-Hl i-till n„tl,i„,, „„,,„„.„,, ,„.^,„._ "'''•■ ■'^'■•■'"•■'••"' "'""«•■• Tl,e „H„.,. ,,1„,.,. ,„,,,. :;.■"«■„ w 1„. ,.,,,„|„„s een.,,„.s. T,ul„u»,„., „„ i- '>.>nle,.s „f t„.„ ,,,.,, t ,;„.,,_ ,,,^ ,^,^..^, '''"■''■•"■-" "* " "'^' l'«'"i"J,' .-.■.ion, tl„. ri,-s. 1-i- rl„-rt «•„. ,.nu.,-,.,| l,y tl,.. ,,:„,„,,„,„ ,,,. ^ II"'; -••■■<■ sHilii.K "P «u. .St. Lhw,,.„<.,, «.;. ;""' '" *'';■ ^^'''1 -'"»-l« "f the North l,a,l ; '->l>l"-a,H,l tl,„,„.l, their i„,essa„t c-.ptur,. i:.< uu«,». l«-,in,e o„ee more wimt it h,„l !„-„, . .[ ».l.l country s,.,t s„rro„,„|,.,l l.v ,„ou„.,.ins "mJ pn.cii>,e<.s, Co„„„f.rc,. „r tr.ule i» ,«, ,en»i. 18 TADOL'SAC tive as tin* niaj^Mctic nrcdlc, as (.'ajuifious as a l»annu«'t.(M' ; it. isshiftin;; and fi'iatic It isoiilv Jiifricultur*' tliat niaki^s a jxioph^ aiul luiilds up lai'ii** cities. Cliamplaiii well midcrstiMMl this when, ai^aiiist the upiiiioii of his associates, he deserted Tadousac ami founded (^)iiel)('r at the fuM of tlie rohiiu had to cotiteiid all his life with the i innpaiiic-^ of ^I'jispihg mei'ehaiits, who siiatclied the t >i>ls fiinn the liaiidsof the f(;w colonists he had l)eeii fthle with j^'reatditliculty to<,'et toijether, foihaile the workmiMi to sell thc'ir pi'odiiec! to any one hut those in these said eonipauies' eiMj)loy, t(» buy elsewh(!re than in their slioj)s, oi- l<» trafhe in any way without their permission. (Mianiplain in spit;e of all these dillieulties found(Hl a i^reat country, where his name has ))een always held in honor, while the names of Afonts, Pontijrav*' and Caen have fallen into oblivion. Durino: a centui'V tlie l>as(|ues eovei-ed the Waters of the (Udf of St. Lawrence with their Tenturous l)arks. They disappeared, like the whales which they ha.d pursued, s\ ithout lea\ing ■m TADOUSAC 19 any t r.u-fM'xccpt that their iiauics had Ixfii Lri\«'ii to some f<'\v' UUSAC 111 til ic woiMis or DM till' ;;^'n';l til Lt lak I'S. 'n M'S»* liiili.iiis wcic (Icsii^uutcd i^^ciicrally liy the «;tMU»- rif iiaiiK' ut' Moiitii/jfiiais and ui<' a pait of tlic ureal Al^^'umiuiii family. riicy wj-ic not all t»f tlir sumc vloKil, iioi (Ik 1 111 •y SI H'il k (1 1 til M' saiiu* t(»i»iiii<'. I>ut lia\ iHn uiiiti'd aj^^aiiist the mva- diiii,' iiatiniis i»f the soutli, tlu.'ir loni^ alliaiire h;ul led tu their lia\ iii«r the same maimers and i'Ustoms. Jt is the inslim-t of self j)reser%ation that caus(\s the liomoircneoilsnc^ss of nations. o 'I'he narrow stri{) of land that strtitel les aloni^ the hanks of the St. f>awr(Mii'e from Murray Uay (Malhaie) to the little islands ealled .Ier the ri\er Sa^iienay, on neai'inu Terres Rompues, miijht he seen the Jirst wiLTwams of the Chieout imian> Tl lese latter had taken up their (juarters on the peniii- I'AlMM'SAr siila wliicli li.is i»'t{iiiH'<| llicii iianic. ndiiml t,li«i hi'iijlit.s iit'lln' wrstrni Iwink <>t' t Iw Sa'^iin- r>«y livfd tin- LiflN- Mistfissins uiul tlw l*nj»iiia- c'liois. 'I'lu« fnniiii- well' a htaiwli of the (Jrcat Mistiissins wlidsc Imntiiii; j^iourMls cxli'iidctl nnrtliwanl to llir still undt'lniiiiiu'd i»\i;ioM i»f liakr .Mistassii'i, an iimiiciisc inland lake our ancestors liad t'staMislnncnts, l»ut wlicrc we iii .i not yet lia«l the couiaLM' toixMie- tmte. 'I'Ih^ word J\ijtt»nn'/iitls si«;iiHi<'s >rrr smifiiiff and the <;entle and syni[»at liei ic nature of th<' little tril)e heaiini; that name has hcen aserilxHl to the wjiole Monta^n;>,is hraneh of Indians. ( )n the conlines of the Papiiuu-hois tei'i'itoiy li\ed t he ( )unesea|)i in a eounti-y su Miiseralile and so iiiaeoessil»h> that it is only al)out tliiity years a^o that, the inissi<»iuiries succeeded in \ isit iny' I his t rilx' for t he lirst time. 'J'he l)olnfhestii;-ouets, tlieu that of t,h(> C'aiihoo l^(o|)lc ^(Jens du (^ari 1>om) and the ()(lei' Nat ion. ( Nat ion dc la Lou- TADOUSAC tn') the Inst re;j;i(>ii tliat was waslicd l>y the waves of t)ie North Sea (Hiulson lUiy). Havinuj pasvj/d licyoiid the Chi(!<>utiini j>e- ninsiila we eome «ni the Pi('k«>u«raiiiiaiis, ;i (piict iiMwlest |)<'>ple whose liglit eanoes plou^^h the traiKjiiil waters of Lake St .John. And, in a westerly direction, a})ove the Ahsapmoucliouan i-ataracts rises tlie encampment of the Chamoii- chouanists and the luits of the; Indian tisliermen of lake Nikon ha. No ti'ace of government or of civil or ve- liud'Uis laws is to })e fou?id ainonij these triln's. They wtM'e dispersed by the sea-shore, ahynijj the rivf the f<»rests whence they procured their ncun- ishnicnt. The waters of the sea and the lakes yiehlcd them pltMity of iisli, the wo(m1s i^;\\e them plenty of iraine of various sorts. They delighted in takinu; their fiKnl half raw and they slept on the mossy heds oi- on tlu' sands of the shore. Art)nnd them was the juimo'val forest. Tlu-y i>ath(M'ed from it a few evergreen pine tree lujinehes to oi-nament theii- dwellings. The tlexihle hark of the lurch tree furnished tlu-m TADOIJSAC 23 witli cIc.tliiMjy, uU'iisii.s, material for tlu-ir swift l)ark ea/MK's, mid everythiii;:,' wlKMvwitJi t<. con- struct tlicir- liahitatioris. Tlic Ircjuuis hihI lluroiis, in));il)itin<<■ 'tlx.iit t-'.em. \.» nation under hc^aveii NV.is droller o.' fond<>rof Jokin- and fun. Their life passed in eatin.ii;, lau-hint;, Lanterincr each othei- and j.M-rin- at tlu- neijrldx.rino- iril^'s. 21 TADOUSAC Th(\y werv thonuii^'hly "^'uod fellows. " Tlio Ifuions \v(M'<' ])i(»tVsse(l thicN-es ;iihI like tho SiKirtans of old tuu.t^dit i]w tr;ul«^ to their eliil- (lieii. The Mont.i<,Mi.iis, on t lie coiitnu-y, prided themselves on their disinterestedness. The ifurons and the fro(|Uois had rev women, the latter l)v old men ; whieh quite explains the inconstancy and levity of the former as Avell as theand)ilion and astute policy of the hitter. The iMontaijnais leadini;- a nomaeypd wIumi it j)leaspd them to do so. Some of these chiefs <>htained the c«l, tlie caiKiidate was stri}>j»«'(l of his apparel ami th«' family »)f (lie (h'ceiused chief re- |)laee(l this hy new garmontP. Tt was the family of the »l«»oeaseii(lo«l t licniHch cs on hciny: the only nohilit v of tlx* s»' un- disciplined nu'ri, who .ipjiarcnt-ly ti»ok no cuo ahovit- anvthini', \v(MV for a li)n<' tinH' tlu' domi- natinuf ra('f\ attainiiiLT tu this disijnct ion iMthcr l)y means of tlwir alliances, or throu<^h the nu- merous tifVshoots of their Irii);- that had heeii ))lanti'd ill tlm most distant forests, l»y their \vanilerinsj; groups of hunter's. Tht^ Montaijnais had made Tadousae tlu; favorite .centre or i^reat smmnei" station of all the northern nations. Ki-<»m north to south, from «>a.st to west, all the Indian^ assi'ml)led at Tadousae. It \N"as tlier** that the most iieauti- ful Canadian furs \\(M'e tradt^d fi>r, and amonu; these fuis it was the niarttm that held the tirst place. The canoes of the \i}»issin,<^sand the 'I'emis- c,imini;s, nf thei Uound IlcNids (Tetes-d*' l>oule) and the White Fish (Poisson^ IManes) apprtiach- «n1 this shore side by side with those of the Micinacs, the Al>'na[uis and the Ktchcmiiis, i TADOUNAC 27 They hartn-cd l>cuv(ir;in(l nttn- skins t'nraiiows. Tli«! Ilurons ht(.u<;h(, iih'hI, IimIj.-ih mm and (<.l)acc() which tlify exchaiiLjcd for di-cr skins. Such were the xarious (iih(\s \vh(» inhahircd the niystcrious Sa^^'ucnay and the environs of Tad.msac a< the time tJiat Cartier first landed on its shore. jij.wi.iiiiiip,i«niiwi mmmmm III .'a-,.i^ .i^.-ilh'V (I). At tlie tini.'. of th(^ St Malo na"^ vi,i,'at..v*s«'xpo(liti.,n in 15K), \u^ had .ve,.iv«.,l • vvi.ivss onlcrs Ut cxploiv this )nyst(M-ioas liv.'c, Nvheiv, aoconlin;,' to the infonnati(Mi furnisluMl l).v the Indians who had Ikmmi ta,k(>n to France, th(>ro Nv.Mv to l)'«f.Mind " g.'eat ridies and a vciy " fiiK' .ountiy (■>). •' Cartiei- had no love for this Si-.ienayshoiv . 2 ». ('-') iliiil p. 7n. TA1>UU«AC L'D f "t-.r..|, «lii'««l«.,-ksf„u,Kl,.,.,.,li,;,.|,.. .Sa«,„.„ay w.,,.,s ami .Mghl „f ,1,.. ..x,„.,li(i„„ »<•.•,■ ,l,ow„e,l „, An,„n« ,,1„.„, „;«)„ w,.,-,. ■'""'/^""■"-''"•""'"■''•."■"Ia„™,„a,„«l L,.vas- -»-• t.n,„ C„„s.,a„e... H„l„,nar.. ,,i|,„, J,,,,.. ,^.'''' "• ''■ •^■""^""^'«.i.S wl.„ a«,„„,,a„i,.,l '"'". ■•'•tu,„«l l,ac.k ,„„vi„,,,s('«l thill ill so .slioil spiKM' of t.iiiic KolxTval (')Mii(l li.'ivt' )K'iit'l i';it<>(l as far ris t,(t tlic lu'ad of Lak*' St .lohii, as soiiip aiitiiois \V(ml(l lia\t' lis ln'li»'Nr. A.;j;ji!ii, what. sriiKi' t-aii iIkmt !)(' ill I ho liilitulous stoiy so ifravcly it- lat«Ml tliat K(»lK'j\al Mr\«'r irt iiiiu>«l from his Sa<;ux]>«>(iition and that in all prohahilil y t hi' \i'stii;«'s of an tdd cnt rrnchnicnt that have luMMi «hsc«»\rri'd on t lu^ horiU'i'S of the Mistassini point out the spot wIhmc hii pcrishi'd (i)? On tlio arrival of (/hamjtlain, Tadonsai* oincri^es fi'oni its tirst infancy, and the h'/jjonds surroiindini!; its cradhi vanish from sio;ht. (/ham- plain i»'lat<^s to us how di' I'onttjrjivr of St, Malo, nicrcliant, who ha«l lonu; hctMi tfalllckinm' for furs with tht' Cvanadian huUans, toiincd th»* piojoct of eslal>lishin!j; a monopoly of tliis t»a«h'. In oi(Um* to aid liim in puttins^ his ])roj(H't iido «'X(H'uti»»n lu» tix«'>S.'!. II has l)oeu V>ri>\e*l that in ir>l4, a .vfar af(t»f Ins Sikgiifiitty \ovajfe, Koberval vas in France, mm t\\)0\:hm' ;il uiMlcrs t « M >« I iiiiN lU'ilioii, li;ul H»\V«'I fill f rii'iK Is tit colirl wlirii' lie llJul Ji rciliiill ililllH'lM*' t liloiij^'li t lit' s<'r\ ices lie li;ul rnulrrcd iluriii;jj IIm* lute wais. ('iiainin uhlaiiMMl llio exclusive piivi l('i(«' svliicli (Ic I'uiili^iJivr liud siiliritrd, on (•••n- (lit ion (if inliiiiiit in;^' tlic country unn eni- l.ark.-«| at llonlleur in ir»i»!>. arconipanic( .1 l.v several artisans and otlu'is, anort. of Tadousac. I)e I*<>nt;;ra\ «' wished lo connnence an estahlislnnent lii<^dier up the St I^awrence, Init, (Jhauvin decided otherwise anlain'n Wnrkx p. (HKi. ('liiuuin'H li.'i))ila(ioii in iniiikHl 1)11 ('luiinpUiin's ijia|> of TiuiouKiic (KXtS), (2) A fathom is 9. yarr's. :)'2 TADUU8AC ran lower down. Tlicy U't't sixteen nun to pass tlic winter tlu'i'e. \\ hen their |>eoj»le " Nscrc made warm an«l t^omt'ortahh' for the s\ inter, " (Miauvin and tie l*ont<,Mav(i ji^tuined to P'rani-e. I'he wiiitei' eominjjj on, these ]>oor t'oi'saken men soon leai'iied the «lilleren«'e ot" tenijM-rat ure Iw- twetMi Kranei' and Tadcaisa*- ; it was, says (/ham- plain, like the tMtiirt ot" kin,i< Petaiilt, wh«>re each one vvaiittid to he head. Idle and disconr- ai(ed, they soon at<' u}) (he ))rovisions that liad heen left them ; they wen^ seour^^ed with illness and they would have di<'d of starvation, had not the Indians taken them totheirowneahins. KJev tMi of them perished miserahly. This first e.\j)eri- ment di I not disecmra^'c Chaiivin who in i (iOO pursued his trathe with ^^ood results. In l()Ol h«^ was aUout to tinisli his year's eam[taii(n, an e(|ually profitably one, when he was seized at Tailousae with an illness that sent him to a better world. From that time forth, the reputation of Tiulousac spread abroad. Lewis Kolx^rts, in his Coimmrcial Dictionary printed in Loudon, in TADOUHAC 33 !()()(), rcl;itrt of ^r(^st on tlu> Lh- hrador (.-uast, was tlur principal })ost. of JS'«iw < rancf th (1< )f i<; rcsKKMK'J^ or a iiovciiioi", an alnionn and several otlirc otficials ; that the French Ijpoiight thence ^'reat quantities of c(kI, of whah-- )one aiK I wliale-oil, as well as l>ea\er skins and other \aluahle fui's. He adds tiiat the French also kept up a fort at Tadousac, in order to trade with the Indians for peltry. The "• Rela- tions " and various travellers spoke a ^oor instance, even set forth that there was jurisdic- ti(»n established there. All thes(; exaggera- tions succeeded in cxasp(>rating Charlevoix. "Thegreater numbei'ofourgeographers,"hesays, (I) " have marked a town at this port, but there has never been than Uiore one French house; and a few cabins belonging to Indians who came th(»r(i at the trading-season and who afterwards (1) III vol. p. or.. M TADOUHAr «'}ii'rii»lliti)j;M, as |H>o|>lr rairy nlf ihr Itool lis after Ji fair. " 'I'lic n.ivi'jMt', Norman aiul Ilt'rtni) sailnrH «'»>nt iIImUamI in no small (lrv;n'r to sjucailin^ the fami^ of Tadoiisac. I'' com tinx* immcmoriaJ tlu'sc hardy maiiners, Itravin;^ (,h(» unknown ooeaii, had lislicd on the hanks and ruasi of Newfonndland ; for «'ent»iii('s h«'f«»r«' the ilhis- t lions pihit of St Malo first lari« Ktv chelle hail \isi(ed these rej^ions in jnn'siiit of whales and also walruses, monster' eetaeeous animals, of whii'h the seals <»f «(ur fore captain Jaes (^artier evtM' trfoi«^ Cliris(oj)lu'r OoIuiiiImis crossi'd the on'un. III icHo iiianiHTs luul diHcoxpnMl (inal am l( Li((l< ('(k! I>aiik, (Ham' as- (pies met, with ureal siu-eess in eaplurini; theso eetacea in the waters that ha* he 'I'adousac. They left traeesof haviiijL^ dwi'lt there in \ arious phioes^ M\ Tvnoi HSr A ImiIo Iowim \\\i\\\ <{n>iM» IhIuhkI (Hi' Void') Im Hh'»»j\h' tMliuul (111' sni HnMunc), wlii'tf, in Hit> nMUJUU"* of o\ I'MM iinil wIluli'M liltN In tlu> Miifj; ilnK'n IhImuMs iIh'm' i^i !i niiMtjuc IIiuImm, (n!\\i>';n» lU'\'^( {\ y MO n'porl \\o\\ (lie HiiHipu'M \\»'n< wliiilc li'^hinjj; \> itl\ ll<«' Kf^»'oumuiii'< iu m itrcK «liirli In^nr^- tlxMi n.-nno. ,\h«u\( IwcInc puIom Mlfvc r;ul<»U!^ar \\\i\\ tilsu Im' HM't \>i
  • nnsijut' (rh.'ilfuH 'uiN H!>'-«pu'mV LmmIIv. i( wmm iIh' 1o\.n*l«'»' of QtH'K'«' lunifM'lf \; ho i^Mxclhr iimum' of Now Hisr.-n !<' tiu' m{igi\iMsin fonnctl l>\ {]\o Uo;n\|>n'' UiUn (I'olo do nrtMiprt'). i;nn«>n«l (<'m|> OiiuuMhl). I i ro(ln'ri«' s.»\s "In \ho >i\ «'r there .'\««' .« ijicMt nnni IxM of w haU^s. The IvjiMpios hiui ;i pcnn.ini'iil iislunvi sjjx>un*l tl<<'«'<* .some xojns tigo, mihI. h.Ml thov not ;MU»IS«hI (Ium\is«'1\0s hv sr in»t\r. *.ho\ would )\ol ha\<' snl>sn«nnMi( 1\ found thnn>olM*s tlojnivt^l of tl\oir j»n>|M'i'ty.'" V\>nu«onv Hi tracts vSMunuMoo, J'l»o w halo- I AIMM'MA*' isi IImIm'I V liMil nl 1 1 it'lixl (Ii<' I'lt'fjiM"^ ♦'» Hm Hulf of Hf li»iwr<'ii< »>. Iiiii fii (Ih"m imI\ ' ii) inoim j'h !»«• • lilititiM, Imviii/' iiM'l. will) IndidH!-), tli'-y ''nn liii>l|i(>i| III ttMflf will) llntri III* i'tMM, iiJwMyM a jU'i'i'imc' t iimiiiM'lil \ . (lit llM'Vf<*«,w ii» flii>< {rniVv II iiiiicli iiiiMo U'imIv (KmI (tiorihiMc v> ny uf 'ii »i«'liing < iMMii'ti'h I'M (liiMi l»v ' 'M.I iM'(iiM{ 'Icir wlmJr llMlu'tv 'rii''ii tKiHif iiMil Im'^'h Iff* »i»i«l n III Mill I iilli'il unlil IIm' mm I, III III' ' ii'il, III?* I V III liiiil fiiviil in I III' Mij/|(t hT rtlMI'ilMM ii )M(i|v|oiii )'(' |m llir r»<'r(l«i|ii mF i'' SnyiM-n/iy mnilcM WMM iilriMuiy l»«l'' K.'.uitl !»♦• I linn^jf I'd III 11 iii'HiMM'l. A Mji.s({ues uiul^'r the couinijuid of cnptaiii J Jaiacht;, an old whale- (isli'M'. little accustonied to tJi«.' iT-stiictions ini- ]-os<'d hy letteis-paten. tin-d unceremoniously on dc Pont^nu c's vessels, wounded two of his uu'ii and killed a thiid. They wei-e about tetitoi"s. Chjuiipl.iin, foi' li^s p;ut, tells us that there was so ;^reat a numoer of sliijis at T.idousao that tliere was hut little trading'. Many, he mUls, will loned to reap ampler }>roHts, hut tho Iivdians awaited the arri\al of more ships in ordi-r to l)uy and sell on Ix.'tter terms. ' Thrs those people weit; mistaken, remarks Cliar.iplain, who thou^^ht to do ^reat things hy arriving" the first : for the natives are now t«K> eunning and clexer. ' The jjasijues, hein^' cut oil' from tradinj.', <»rti;ani/.ed a snmji^^ling eamj>ai<^n whieh they er«n- tinued to in ," on most actively on these shores until tl)' c'i?v......neon out of the ITth century. In \^y.^ viiiiiplaiii arriving at TfUlousac puh- licl* read • '•. In' commission mul gave orders that the kin.g'sarins an«! letters-patent shoidd l)e attached t<» a post in full \ iew of the puMic, so 40 TADOUSAO that no one could plt'tul ignoivuu'o of them. Sieui's (le, la Moincrie and la Ti-einblaye, aIthou<,di pronji.^ing to conform to thes<; oi'dei-s, - continual to trade away their merchandise for the pelts furnished them ])\ tiie natives. At one time Chaniplain would surprise La liochelle vessels in <;ivinfy the dians " a quantity of tire- ai'uis, with po\vd(>r, , 'uder, tilings nu>st pei-nicious (o )>la<'e in liu • ids of these infidels wlio miglit make use of them against us some time or other. ' At another time it was the Spaniartls who \v(Mit to Tadousac in oi-der to spy out the comiianvs transactions. The snmir- glers from I^a llochelle and elsewher-e had, at that time, their ])ost of observation on (*reen Island (fleA'crte). In 1621, de Caen and de Monts fitted (Hit a vessel in the jx^rt of Tiidousac and went in }>ursuit of them, Imi, says Chain- plain, the birds had flown two (hvfs previously. All that remained was an inti'cnchment of pali- sades. This wjisat onee burnt. From thetimeof lhej»ilot Jean Alphon.se, (J rcen I slaiid had already been .'alle«l the island of war. And cxerv vear. TADOU.SAC 41 u.uler pretence „f Hsl.in^^ for wl.Ues, tin. ]{.,s ques, Spaniards or Norn.ans n.ana^^^ed in son.e way to exchan.i((» their n.e,vl,an.lise for pelts TV Cliumiilain nui'ls ihc Imlians. How an uiitiiiiuiiuU' iilliunce j:rt'\s out of a visit of couitt'Hv. - The foiiinler of tiif coIoiin as a tlu'oloj;iaM. Tlif first oiu> to liifak his itipc. Tl\f hroihirs K.'itk. The (loath of cajitaiii Daniel at Tiuloiis-ac. His fune- ral . Ohjiiiii>liiii> ;u i . . (1, uiul, as wo liavt' said, \inv asi(l(» tlf \«'il roiii'i'aliiij;" the ofiuiii of Tadoiisai'. Tu fact . \\ •> tlic tifst liistoriaii of tliis /t'n'(( liir(>(/)iif<(, aiul ii<> «>ii»' has s|M)k('U Ix'ttPi' of it tliaii ho. His (U'Scii})tions arc always s'> t'aitlit'ul and so exact that on perusing- thcni Tadousac is easily n'<;o,u:ni/.cd. Such as Tai'esent day. Let. us open Chani}»laiHV joui'nal at the pa«,'e i-ecoi-din^' tlie day wiieii he entered tl\e haihof of Tadousac, May 'J 1th, 1G0.'>, and jeud what he says : '* Tad«»usac is a small hay, at the entrance of the river Sagueiiay, wliere tiiere is a current wmmm 'l■AJ)<^l^SAC i:\ '»(• ils '»twat.r and a ti.l. most .vn.arka),). f.. ... sw,Hr..ss a.ul .l.ptl,, auMsa.- is sM.all an.i nM,hl „u]y hnU\ so..u.t..nortuHxvv.ss.ls;l,uf Mu-nMs plont v -^ '-;.(..•(„ M., ..,,,(, s},ol(.,v(l fruM, ,h. Sa- ^unnay nvvn a),e then, is Init Jittlr soil '>ut plenty rocks and sands uhere ;:rou- u.,.,d^ '•t P'nr, cypress, fir and several sorts of trees of little vs-orth. There is a little pond near the said P>rt siHHn. l.y numntains covered with wo<.d. At the entraiice of the port th(M-e are two head- J^tnds : the one to the west strctc-hin- a leal'>vv strai.irht into (j,e port. Point St Mathieu (1) Xo«- .allfd CoH I'oii.t (i'oinle auv \ aleasant soil of land, v regular desert uniidiabitable for animalsandbii-ds. " With what astonishing exactitude again, with nothing to go upon except the simple accounts given by the 1 ndians, did he trace tlie itinerary of the mysterious .. yonder fMdin<,r away into the somewhat misty morninir horizon, T remember having approached in a little Biscay boat rowed by four xigorous boat- nuui, and having there landed on a little risinj/ shaded by cypress and fir. T remend)er calling to mind the superb i-ecepti.)n ^^iven to Champlain, May 27tli 160.3, by the great sagam(» Anadabi- .j<>u, surrounded by aln.ut a hundred Indians, and how the interpreters, his fellow countrymen,' ••elated to him what they had seen in France : the 8i)lendid chateaux, the palaces, the p<.wei- of the great king who was sending him aid against the Iroquois. And the great sagamo and his warriors brandishing the skulls of the eneh.ies tliey had just vanquished in a great light, IT) T.VDOl'SAC after li.i\ iiii,' (laiHod uiid siiutkcd for a luiintjnins and the Fit'iieh, wliieli wastoexereise soijjieatatnnnueruci iMithedestinies of New I'^ranee. Inijooildeed, this toni^iie of lonely land was a witness of one t' i>l:\ci'ei'ii in (\tnada. t TADOUHAC 47 And till til,, inorn.w of this cnjssirijL,' of l\w. Kuhicon, I sec tl„- lM listen to him, (piestioniiiLj the saganio Ana«ial)ijou. The lattei-, in all confidence and simplicity, explained to him his ideas as to the formation of man, how (lod, .ifter ha^'iul; inadi; a numher of ari'ows, stuck them into the ji^nmrd, whence there issued m«Mi and women. Chamj)lain, on his side, would relate tlu^ IJihlo tradition concerning the ci-eation of Adam and Pive, speaking of the unity of God and the mystery of the Trinity, The Indian, after having listened to hin» meditatively, after a while ef>ntinucs ; lAIiOtSAf W Uo Iwwl hm.d say thai in ,,|<|,.|, iinH,s five I'l.-h -oin- towards tlu. sr-Uin- sun inrt (I,m1 face to fuc.. and l.r asKvd thnn : VVImmv an- ym^oin-? WV arr ^.uin- to seek our livin.. '•^'1>I'''*I tlu. five trav(.Il.,-.s. A.mKIuI said |7. thuM you can tiiid it licit.. The travellers passed andd^Hl, taki.i.r a stone, struck two .,f these ohstin.ate n'^en with u and they were immediately turned („ stone. Wluue a,re you ;r„in^r '^ ,,^,1 he ai^^ain udressin- the three remaining men ? W'e ,,,^, going to seek our living. (U> no further, you can find a living here. They stopped a n.on.Vnt 'tMd, seeing that nothing cmne of it, eontir.ued their way. (J.mI then taking two sticks struck tw<, of Mu> traNelhMvs and they were immediate- ly turned into sticks. The last n.an ren.ained completely stupitied. Where are yon ..oin-. Hsked (UhI of him? Tarn seeking a Hvin^ Jhe exan.pleof his f<,ur <.onn.ades nwule him reflect a httle. He stop, kmI and listene«l nsk.n! ;i iiKiu V. li(. luul i»l<'iity t..l>;trc.. \v}iciv v;,is hl^ l.ilx- i \\r 'J^'isr it lo <1'><1 \vlio Ht'lvf haviiii; sm..k("il ;i -uo.l f..kc tli. pip.- int.. sov.M'iil y)i«v(>s. \\liy(li«l \.ui!»ir;ik m\ jmjh' ? you s(M' I liav no otli.T, And tl-xl took oiio wliicli lu- 1>M,(1 :iM(l uav,- it to liiin, s;iyiii,t; : Tlu'tv is one whirl. I -ivc y.'U, r;ury it to y conipauioiis. S . l(>ii,<;' as he kejit that i)ii.e th<' Inchaiis wanted for nolhiuj;. lUit one dav h.' lo->t it, and fi'oni that time f.M-th ihe lnd:an-> have s\ilVered fr»»ni famine. The primitive udialnlanisof Canada had no ooodeliee.r and seareely any notions of omoii and ^^vil exeept wliat referred to those tw.. points. Perhaps, it is lliis stcuy <»f thi- .L-reat sa,uan\o's pipe Nvhieh has oi\en rise to the eonnnon expression amoiiu Oana(Hans. //>' hnn hrob't, Ins pipt' (11 a eassr sa pipe), to iudicati' tluit a man has luei with some ill luck. ytaiiw i.A.<». I - ..t-^i ■■ mMmumitmmmci.m»m wiJMiT., TADulT.SAC ( 'lij)Mi]»l;iin, serious and Ljiavc, «'V('ii while iioiiiiy les that wci-e r<'(i»uiiti'(l ti> him hy {he Tadousar eliief, <1osin;L!: that tho nanatoi's of them had s|)«»ken'the lan;LrUfi^e in perfection. liefore the king' had ^i\t*n the monopoly of the Tadousac ttade to individual companies, nu )n('r«)us \(sssels used U> come and anch(»r in that port. An old man used to r<'l'ite to Fathei l^alle- niant that he had seen as manv as tweniv vessels at a time (0. lior^eron, in his tr-eaty on navigation, j>ul»Iished in 1029, says the same thing. The " IJelatittns '" of \^\'2i') thus recount the manner in which the con){>anies, heing jea- lous of their piivilege, cariie*! «.n their trade. Si) so(»n as the ti'a to 20,000 atajnstole each*. The conj])any employed forty peisons and more, whilst the i-rews of the two vessels nunilM.M'etl ir.o n\en. All tl lese had to ]»e fed ai u 1 ti u>ir wa<.'es paid, so that th e ex}M'ns<-s wei'e eonsi- tlerahle. Some of these men ha«l lOG livres 1 "Ten francs iiuiko ii i»i«*t<.il. TADOUSAC 53 ;'^;--10UIiv,.s. An f,.r.,-p,...t.., ,„, ,00 ,,i.. tolov; Mv 11 „.II .. -1 I SK '^s, as V i kins. ■" ^'- '"-'iClil to ..o-rtain nmnl.T „f „ "•;"^>«-,.||l,. ;,n,„.,|.,v„l,«l,,„„nv;,.ty '■"■,'•■*■;'"■'"■- ^'^ ^-^■■«'-;.•<-..;... ri,,.,a,..,. .,...,. „,:,,,,,,. ,i,. l"-""«l'"l-vn,„,l„.|„.i,„.i|,als,.,,i„„. Tl,..v,.a,- 54 TADOII.SAC that C}iani})l{iin liad laid the fassed the winter when the necessities of his trading niad<'. it advisabU'. (^>uebec was then only a ])ied-a-terre «>r teinpo nwy place. F(M' nearly twenty-five years, one company had succ«.'eded another in the lucrative mono- poly of Tadousac amidst divers vicissitudes. Ohau\in had died, leaving his powers to de Ch.ist(;s. De Monts and de Caen had succeeded them. f de Ci-UMi s Jiets of \ iojein-f lie tells us how, on onfn>ec;ision. he ])i-efen"ed<;(»inL; uptheSasxuenay. \Vh»'n tlu'ir conunon enemies, tiie r>;is<|U«'s, were overeonu*, or wIumi the nwunuT of divid- ing' the j)i-otits (»f ti-adini;' had hrcn settled, therearose nuestions of relij^don Ix-tween Hn<;\ie nots and Cut holies and thesr weir hy no means the least, perplexinir sultjects of disai^reement. Durini;" tilt' sunime?' uf MriN. |)avid Kn-tk' a l)ie|H)e apitstate, w li<» liaossession of Tadousac where he hnriil all the priN ateers and hi'uke up the mill-s((tnes whieli de Caen had M''|J?li;Lrently left there inst»\id of sending them to (^U('l)ee. "They would ha^(• heen as well at DiepjK' as ;it, Tadoiisae, f«'marks (.'lianiplain. for what eonid we do with lliem lliere f The followinLT year Kertk returned to tlie chai*.i,'e. It was fi'oMi Ta<|i>usae t liai he sent his ^im mmmm mmmmmmm Mi 56 TADOUSAC two lnutlicis to C)iHin|)Iain siiiinnoiui)^ hioi to j^iv«mp tln'foi't of QuelK'c. The littlf <;[aiTisoiifor- gotttMi l.iy the traders, half-staivecl, with iiowIhmv to l(M»k foi'succor, laid down tlieir arms and tlirir foiKjUcroi' sent them to Tadoii.sac. Kertk, elated with his <'asy victory, had a t/eiib put iij) ado»-ii- ed with vtM'dure and, in this tent surrounded bv his captains, he celehrated his victoiy. The Kertks had formerly l>een wine-mer- chants at Bordeaux and Cognac and knew no- thing of the sea. They had been brought on this expedition by a Fi-ench deserter, ca[)tain .Jac(pie>s Michel, a Dieppe Huguenot. Displeased at the Keitks taking to themselves all the me?"it, he was threatenitig to take fnnn them what he had procured for then», when he suddeidy was seizeil with a gr-eat drowsiness. After liaving been thirty-iive hours without, speaking he gave up his soul, nM>st fortunately for the Kertks but not so foi'tunately for himself, if, as Champlain do<'s not doubt, he went to h<>ll. an( " r left my country, he said to C hamplain, Idid wondr^rs toseivea foi-eigner ; ne>er again TADOUHAC^ •U \ simll I ))(• l»!ip)»y fur I sliall always Iw IwUl iti iKM'ror l)y »'\('iy one. 1 havp iu» h()|K' <»f iH^tuni ii)<' to Kivmco wluTc T have alicadv been h(^l of sla])s in the face to one of the -lesuits who had been ca]>tnred l»y tlie Kiii^lish, at the same time usinji; most injurious lan (iiijoy the j))'o])(',rty of Moiis. do (Jaeu wlioni you liave disjK>ss(»ss(Ml of it." Excuse nu', sii-, replied lUclm'uf, we canif. hero from pure love of (!od, and we have ex- posed our lives in overy way for the sake of eouN'ertiii^ the Indians, " " Yes, yes, of course, f«»r th«' sake of con- verting the Indians, hut you really njean eoii- \'ei'ting tlie In^aseis, exclaimed Michel. " — That is untrue, s.iid Bie))icuf. '* Michel raisetl his hand as if to strike him ; lUit for the respect T owe to the genei'al T would slaj) your face for having giv(Mi me the lie. !>rel)(euf, who was of hercidean ]»rt»portions k«>])t CO tl : " Excuse m'', said he. hut I rc^sion that wi^ make use of in our scliofils, wIkmi a doulKful (juestion TADOUISAC r)9 is |)i»»|)«>.s«'(l to us, and wr. takr jki oH'ciitT al it, t luM'cFoi'o I hti^f of you U) j)ar(l(m mr aiul t<» lu'lirNti that I had no intfutiou of olliMidiii;^ 'llw P'athci's cxcust's did not calm down Michel and his an<^(M" was s(» ijfi'i'at tliat soni(j |M'oj)l(' say it caused his death. The deatli of this uidia|>])y turn-coat ;;;ave uiorej)Ieasuie tliau it caused i-e.^ret; nevertlu'Iess lie was l)U!ied at Tadousac with all the honois due ti^* his hi'avery and his i-ank. Louis Kertk had a cotlin niad»! for liini wjierein the, 1) tdy was plact'd, and a drawn sword was laid on the c )Nc'r. Two huiidre;! n»yn at arms landed from ihc vessels in order to escoit the mortal remains which were car'ried on the shoulders of the mariiu^ otHeors. At tht^ head of the c )rtt5i^(f marched amaiifully-arme(U);Niiini^a,iound shield and a ike was hintken and thrown on the cotlin. V\ hen tlu; corpse had been lowered into t,he <^ra\e ann«' r«*tuni(' luomiu'iij^' did itu, adds Ciiaiiiplaiti ; on thi' oMitiai'V ncxf'i' was tlicrc moiv ivjoicinij, ])rin(M pally Relation of Ui:{:!. .Many wrilors hav<' coiifoMiHlpc) >a|*(oiii J.v^^lK•!* .Mi" IhI with out; of the lirolhfrs Kcrlk, v»«..lf,„.,l„. T,uI,.„«,u..„m1.., 1,u, ,I„. tVa,. „f '"'."■""- "'"' ""• ':"«ii»^ ."H,l,. (1„. nt ;„ ;., _->,»<•..,,«, U„. ,.„lmnc„ „f ,!„, li,.^. ,,„„ (.|„,|,,,„^, ''""""" I"-''*;"" .,f ,,l„.,,.„ _v, a,„l ,|„. t,™l,.,.s ladoiisuc liidiuhs. The Tmlousu.' iniiliii'-. TiaM-iim- post. (»r Ihi- kind's furminijr o\it of (In- tnulinu i>inl iIk- xulifiirnui^*. Siirvfvor Nonimn- ilin's i>\ph>r!ili(>h.M. I'^roin till' |K'iiiMl <»f the l''i»'inh i-c t.ikiii;,' of t lie (.'tiimtr'y until that of tin- tiiiJil ct'ssioii to Kiii^land. the trade of Tadousac passed tlirouyli many j»lias('s. At first, the \arions eonipanies liad tlie nionop<»ly of tradin*,'. vVs soon as the navigation was open, their vessels hastened from F?'am;e to Tjulousue, in seaii;h of tlie pelts tliat had )>een eolU'rted at t}»e dith-rent {)osts dotted aloni; tlie river and which had Ikhmi l)rou.uht there hy various haiks. In hit"), after haviiii,' liattled foj- it a lon<; time, the .colonists oUtaineil free tradinj;. Having formed themstO\es into an association under tlu' name of " The ('tMn- munity of the 1 idinhitants. ' (La couimunaute i\i's liihitants.) they t(»ok the direction of the Tadousac factory ur recei\ iny; house. In IGti^, the t lading; at tins j»«tst ifa\ e 40,000 livrea* * A livre is worth nearly u franc. S( a t« m til cr ti' ..f •lAlJOl'SAf (;.{ {irotitaiid tlictotiil ainount m- \ aliirof th<'ii'truns- jictions was 'J.")(),()(>U Ii\irs. 'I'Iumc vvorf 'J2, 100 |MHiii(ls wi'ij^lil of skill- t'XpMitrd, uitliont cuuiit- iii;; .■)00 elk skins. !''a<*li spiiiiLr il><' tVi*;al<' hrluiiifiii;;' 1<» tlir '" (^inimuiiily ot I nliaMtaiits, vlsit«'(l TadMUsaf. Uissoi, r>iiui-Mt i^Miy. ('ouillaid rt' aiiiuns^ the j»iin< i)»al diicclftis (»t' tlM> (^mi- JMunity. la Uio.'K a hnhli frcflMMitcr, armed w illi sixt«»s»' sIkh's ill nnU'i- to trade with tlic Indians. (Cents Ass(teies), who re;LJi'ettedha\ iiii; eoncetU-d so many jn-i\ ilejjjes to the eolitnists, had sfiit oin an aetive, |K»rseveiin,y: aLfent, wln» eomnieneed to watcli tlie eommcreial ojicrat ions of t!ie r<»m- niunitv eloselx'. A\\ ad\oeat<'. conneeted with tli<^ Paris l*arliament, J'eronnt dc Mesnii was eiat'ty nnd liad as miieli penetration as a deter- tive-ottieer. lie end«'d liy aeeiisiiii; the direetors of haviui^ G4l,7t)0 livres nnseeiut'd. As those aIi-hu fell the hhime t»f this were the lii'Kt p<'o)>h' of the fountiv, they employed n iojenee to lake hijn witluhaw Ids aceusatioiis. His ' ''""''' ""'-''■"v^^f'^npi mmmmmmm i\\ TAHUUSAC pajK'rs were sri/cd and lie Imil tn nnhark fur Franc*'. 'I'lic inrnutrijil which I'doniM f whicii oujuht (<» h.i\e ;u'coiii|»aiiied his slalenients is not n«>\\ to lie tiaiiid, it' it e\ci' existed. It lieeaiiie ensl ouiaiv t<»se|j the |ni\ileo(> ot' t radiiiy- at Tadoiisae at )»ul»lic ;met ion. The money leali/ed i>y this sale went to pay the ex|»ens(>s of l<«'ej>inu np the colony. We tind, in I ().*).■{. a iUu'd uf |»art neishijiconcerninjn 'raoiiis ('onillattl and Messieurs l\os«'e, (In llaniel and ( 'o, iej>iesented li\ llwir ay,-ent, (Jorinain l,e I'.arhier. < )n nc(,il„.r I Dth, 1 tinS, ;i decree of the Sn[)erior ("oun« il of <^)nel»ec a«lji»dued the jiost of Tadonsac t<» Sieui- I )« - inaure. In h>(>.'{. (Jovt'iiior d A \auii;< air thought pr<>]MM'. on his i.wn {)ri\ate aut horil v and c(»n- t rary to tin' custui's, (^li.iii'itii, Madi}, Marsollrt , L*' (lar (ll«'asiMl tlic iiihahitaiits ver-y iiiuc!», III t hrii |)(>t it iiu|>laint was hxjkrd <»u a,s just, ami < )i of tJir W tst Inthaii ('ompaiiy \vhi<'h had Itccn t'oiiiifd twi "years" pi-«>\ ioiisly. This nt'W »-oiuj)any was 1<» enjoy their j»iivile«;e in tin? same v/ay as (he " OoininiiMity of I nhahi taiits" \uu\ heen a<'(;ust<»in< I t(Ml<(, I hat is to say, on roMdili(»n of defrayini^ tht^ annual exponses of the count ty u). In I (m t the (utuipany t»f tho one hnndrtMJ associates whilst, ^ivin;^ ;ij) their monopoly, reserstd to t.hemselvcs the Tadousae t lading until ilieir linal dissolution. Imu a mo- (I) Kil. *v; <»iil t. 1, \\ t!l. 66 TADOUSAC liH'ilt (lie '* I lilwihitailts " )i;wl Iio|M's (»t once iiioir l.iyiii^' li'iiuls «tji (his f}ut(H'V, \'<*v in l(»7r> we s(>t> (li.it tlir SujM'iioi' (.'ouiicil luul intiiiiii( t'(l an (trdt'i- (u (linn to fissciiihWi (hut tli«*y mii^lit know hnw to dispose of it. This doiuaiii, r«'|)ntt'y tin- ront.rchan^lists. In I "07. Haudot forhad evory ono, r\rn the Itidians from r|s«'wh<*r»'., to trade or hnnt within the 'Padousiic limits. In ITO'.t he renewed this juohiliition. ^i\ in;.j [teriiiission to the 'i'adousae suh-farmei-s to jtillai^e the Kieneh who mii^ht Im- found "feastiniLC the Indians " «»r t raHiekini; with them. In i7t)l, and in 1720, thcise same severe orders were renewed. It is Worthy of remark that when the tratlu' of Itrandy was forhidden in t Im* e«»lony, uinler most severe penalties, it \sas allowed at tlu! Tatlousac post, allluaigh the Uvuliiiij there (hS TAFHHISA(^ was undi'i- iIm' immU i(»l of tlic < JosrrmiM'iil (i). Tlu' lai<4;c t'iiniicfs did not always work aloiH'. alflioUijIi (licy had a r(';;"nlarly a}»|»niiilfd (liit'tlor lit llif domain in llic colony to collcrt tlicii' dut's oi- ta\<>s. La Podici'ic l«'lls us tlial tlnMT was a couijtany ot' nici-cliants at (.^>iu'1hh' wln» aniuially |>ai(l a fcitain ]ii'ic(' for l)cin<^ alone allowed to t radc with the Sa^uenay In- dians CD. Tlic sid> fai'Mit'i's were nunieicMis ; Louis r.cij^ei'on lia,d the lease of 'I'adousae for six Veai-s (:i). C'uyiH't, to- ards tlu' end of ilie I'^ieneh doniinalion, ti"uled to eonsidoahle |)r(»- tit at this post, aeeonliui; to l)iL,'ot (i). In I7'>t), the widow T'ournel .farmed t he Tadousae t(«ii-itory. 'I'hree years ]>re\iously (1) hitlor of AuIk It . icportsoii llu' ;ircliivi'« of I'iiris, poinls out a iiii'iiioraiKliiiii of Mi>iis Uixcrin tlat^-tlNox. I'.iih, Itis.i, in which hi' (It'scrilK's wliiii the Tadoixiu- lr;wU' ivally is, wiial is ln'iiiif iloHc to destroy iiaiulllif iiicaiis iic(>eshar\ tt) li«' lakfii lo pl-i-stTM' it for Iht kill',;. (1\) ('..llt'ciion of (^iH'lu'f , vol. I'J, :!i(l scries, 17.11. (4) Loiter lo the iniiii.ster, Oct. Htli, l7iy. mm lADOr.SAC cu I l Im" carried on wcif i'oi a lon<' tiiii)- a soin-cc of dillicult.v. In tciidaiit I Iofi|iiait jiiil an end li» this in 17-"»'J. The [>i'(M'edin,!4 ycac, i'ie r'e (■iiit.iei, (ienei-al ('Oiitraetiic of the miiteid fafuiini^ '>t l''iiinee, had whole I'oval domain, from the He an\ ('Oiidr«'!S as far as tw«» leat(ues l>e|ow Se\en Islands (Sej)t lies) as well Jis in the depemlen eies of the j>osts of 'radoiisH*:, (/hieoutimi, Lake St .lolm, NikohaiJ, Mistassini, l*aj>iiwi<*liois, Naskapis, Hivcr Moisie, Seven Islands, ineludin;^ the lands atidseifrnioi-y of Murray i>ay(,\!all)aie) under pain of n lMHJO louis' fine foi- all infraet ions. The lutendant, follow in^ the special in^^t ructions he Iwul received fioin the kin*;, ;;a\e oiders to Aultert de la C^hesnaye to make an exact siir\ey ami map of the domain, from Itelow lie au\ C^•udres (o river Moisie as far Itack a-- ji extenei- "~!?»i»i,nijijpm vpn* 'mmmmmmmmm ,0 I > \U\\ ( \i' <'\\ to (Itr Iuj;Ii I >I\iI. .mil In illdw up i it'iniit o| Ills »t|uM"«»l joM'. in ilu> liinu ol n |iMini:>l Mo'.l tlollu)o«l \n' I Mil ( Ut||>' VV I'M' ('HtMl lit Mi'U'. «|r i Mil' iii.iN I' It) (ln' liMiii ot ,1 |itiiniiil N«>( »>ul\ X\;l'- !lO <•> (ilKc lioli' t»|" Mil illlllM>l|M«< tiMTJliMN and iiu'.iNim' It . ImiI In' w iim mImu mi HUti'l) (Id' riNciM (li.H I'lill into Hio >*^'lU'UiM(a\ . \\\i\\ t lir tiiiiMiiiin llii'N liiKt' i'litni tho»r HtMtisM's to (hnr inoiidi;*, («• nuiiK liow Im th«'\ .u-*- uaxiuahio in •^Ivij*';. liuMtn ««i i'.iiiim'm, ( h«> (j«lls anil rapiiU vxhcn' pmlinirM (H (Mrr\'in^ |»IjUVs wi'n^ lijul n^roMiNi' !»», I lio sj( iwil ion ami t>\l«M\l ottlu' laKt'>, till' iiaiiir of I ho'to lal<«'N M\d liMM-s an»l tlw» ftmiu ni's tjicy cimshihI. tln> «v«it^*l>Hshm«'n(N aiul s(or«' Iious<»n \vlu'n< Ira^linjj; witli [\u' \i\\\\:\\\s wjiN variitMJ on, (ln« s«>al luiiit inj;, thos,»hiu>ntvslnni;. (lu't'onmM tvstaMislnm'iitM, \\ hoix^ tra«Jinu \\;h\ lH'«»n »'nni«Hl «m ami of wliitji s<»n\«' vos(iitf»s nMuaimnl, (Ik* nam«'s of llu» liuliau trilnvs >\ J\o inl\al>ito«l thosi» «'(»un(ji»»s or fio HUtM»(i in tl«»tail \s lurh rouM sitm* to spo oifv th«' <^\t<'ni of du'si' tiMfitorii's ami uiaki' known ihoir julvant^iift's I AlMM'NAl 71 AiiIhmI, t|r III ( 'lixMiiiiyn M«'l Mill iiM \tin nt'lH Mimi ^lny I'Uli, I V.T', Init, Imv inj/ Ifmh n lui l<(^ III l.lllli llivci (l/i. I'i'lilr |{i\|i«i«') wlii'li Ik'i/iii llln^ llIM |)M|IIM'V, I Im' III ■> )' VMI , .I'|I<<|>|| I|M>(iiuin r oF vvlii<|i ^'iv'i'M r'i>m »«» )i,il NOI'Im III' fnillMHlir Mll|i|>tisil iOtlH. " \N llM Wil'. lllirt MullH. i'l'ill'lll'l lIlllM ll\ lll^' lljliIlM III t IiIh (iiHtillll. ami iiliiiusi iiLuri'Mhilili* ii'.^ioii ? VV linl. Hintim': iIphI^m can liii li.iM' liiul, awliH Mimim. Arthur hiiinH (I). V\'(iM III' a I i»i,|»|HT, ji |ihil«»H«i|)l»»'T', u lii'i'iiiil ? Nu I rjulil ioiH'iili;.'lihiiMiiMoii I Im- hmKj***! ; wr must iitiilciii Miiry,«'lvf's will) (uiinirin^ tlx- ImiIiIim'sh uikI ciiiira^c of n uiiim wIhi Aitn cHiiuhlc (1) I.I' HiiiriH-niiy • AkihI \nit\nt* IX. 72 TADOUHAC of liviiii(.'i,l)S(»lult'ly aloiu! in siicli Ji st;i(t' of exile, exposed to nijiny daii^eis and feeliui; ahle to i)ra\'e tliciii all. On May L'.'Jid, 1 7.i.'», Intendant Horquart, ))asinu: Ids decisions on Noi inandi'i's ohsei-va- tions, detiiutively fixed the limits of the Saiijue- nay tenitoiy and trading ^lounds of Tadousae. 'file Kiuifs Domain. (|)(>niaint^ du Koi) as they then called this vast extent of jjjroiind, the supcrtieies of which was at least 72,000 miles, reaclu'd from the lower extremity of tlie K)h>u- lements seii^niorv to Cape Conuoian, ])elow tlie River Moisie, that is to say, it was ahoiit 'M)0 miles in len,ii;th. A strai,i,'ht. lijie drav. ii from each of these extrc^nities toward the north is the demarcation of the easteiii and w«>steru limits of the reserve;. On one side were the hi«;h lands di\ idinijj the wat.(i«Kl livi-es, title On. -ilMli, IT-M. 7» TMXH'HAf not U'lifNc ill rciiuuriciii^ tlicir own claiiii^. In ITl.'l, tlu' niinistt'i' wiotr to Mons dc \';iu(ln'uil I hilt hi' was o'ltaiii ihr l'iM;^lisli would liaidly ifi\«' np l.ak«' NiMiiiskau on account ot' (hrir tivulc with nupt'll/s I.aiul. He insistrtl on the lU'ot'ssitv »»t' k«'«'j»in;4 the Mistassins un account of tlic Tadousai tivuhni;. Lake Ncniiskaii and \\iv Mistjissins were I'clained, tlioUi(h theie was some fi. This ext,feiiu^ limit vNhich was iIhmi conti^sted is slillh 'in;' contested to tliis \vv\ day. In th»' mandat.e tixin«i; the limits of tlu' trading tenitoi-y of Tadousac, }I<»(;(|uait renew- ihI tlie prohihitions made hy his ju'edecessors. He evtMi went beyond them, for no one \n as t»» approach nearer than ten leagues to tlio eontines marked out. W <' here see witli wliat jealous care the farmers of the domain })rotectt(l their mojio- {M>ly. No one had any right to pa.ss o\ei tlieir land: ex«'ept tlie government otlicials when <»n each change of farmers they were s<'nt to value the huildiiigs and furnishings of the |K>sts. TAIMU'HAC < ;> Tlio missiuliiirirs, lioufStT, h.ul tH-c rntl'Jinrt' nv«»rywlu'r-(\ It, was Mvy much tt) tli«' ji'I\ iiihi;,M' ot thn Ir-iuli'i's that (he missiu/ijicii's liy tli'<'\ •M'cisr (»t ( lifir laiiiisl rv sli(tul(l ('((licet, the In • lijiiis ill ;l,'1"<'Uj)s;uhI thus keep t hcui at a (list, nice from the Hiulsdiis Wny liaihiiLr |M»sts. In i he M|)iin(;l .John Mitchell (leelar^vj that in N. Am«M'ica the Kreiich had only rii^ht to the rock of C^Juehec and the factory or tr-ad- iii^ post of Ta(h>usac. At th<; con(|Ucst the rock of Quelx'c as well as the faetory of Ta- dousac passed into tho hands of the Kiij^lish. Tho kin;.j's domain reuuiined a reserved spot adjud;;;ed to the highost ])iddcr as it li;id heen for a hundred year-s previously. The fai'iners of it continued tt* exclude^ stran_u;c:rs from their domain and to keep hidden its resources, hoth in order to keep up t.heir monopoly and to foil G 'lADOlTSAC till ;it t«'iii|»tN ill i<>iii|)('ti(ion \v luMiovcr' llic lr;is«' li;i(l tn 1m' rciH'wtMl. This is why it is only lit'ty ywirs since tiu' Sa;,MU'jmy district luis hcjLjiin to l)«* cnloiii/t'd. In tilt' hu'Ljrr TjuhtusHc hotel, a feu yiNirs a;.'o. IlK'ir miLjht still Iw seen in the LfiU'tlcns the last v«'sti!,'«'s of the l)uil(linj)ea)-ed, as ha\e also dis- appeared the jioweifnl tiadefs and the Montat(- nais Indians w ho foi uieily met eaeh other, at that jKist, ev«M"y suninief. VI Thi'TiwIouMjic iUut .ll'HIlil.H. ( "•i-iHioimrH-s. nuK'i..-..„..s,u,.|c.uhul "!'• i«>ir)-i7«L'. >"'• himdivd and «ixt X^i. Kl'i-ololH y »«t'\ on yt'fis of •11>'>sl|^.. 1»» tlio first (rliarts t| pivdouiin.itrd, intlicr l«M<; \V(.,V twui(l,.;ts(|,..it •"■>•'■"« "a. ,u. .f,,„,. < Hm.l,t. („„■ „„H,,V, l,„w,.,„. „„. ,.,„„,.,.(„„ "f ti.e >mt,v..s was l,ut a i.-Wm,. wl,i,.|, ,,,,,,,1 t" .Mask tl,..,.- n„.,-cantile .lesi^-,,,. w,„ j,, ,„„ '"f "';. "";'"«"■ "' »™ ''»■ I".."., ..,v,.„,„„.„; (•m,n.st.„« HuK,„.„„ts with tl,„ e,askof.s|,n.a,l tl... true faitl, a„ t|,„,s« „,.« nations ? Clian.plain t,„„,inat..s l,is ,.,...i(a| „f t|„. hrst „tt«,n,,t t., foun,l an ,.s,al,li,,|„n,.nt ,a I julousac an,l its n.ise.al,!,, fai|„„, ,,y ,,,; , . That wind, was l.lan,™!,!,. i„ this ,.„„.,,„.is; «;. ".c-',vinK t„ a man „f ,„n,,a,v rWi^non U,,'. -•■•".""'^•^.m, of s|,»,uli„^, ,|„. Catlmii,. .\M„sl„|i,. nn.l U,„nan faith, which th.so heretics hol.l ^wiffs^s^mmfmsms^mmmmmmmm 78 T\I)Ol'SAC ill liorior iind (ItMostntioii. This is the fault I iiuil with (Kr iindri-lakiiij^'. Tlic ('jdii'iiit'i-ai vice royally of thr Calltolii' coininaiHh'i- (!<• Chastt> did not. jin'\. first ii-jvlcfs from impoi'tiiiL;' iht^ lainciitahlc old- world ([uarrels into tlir i'vv bint! of AiiuM'ira. I)o ('acii's rivw. jtai'tiy Hu,ii;u»'iiot, nartiy Catho- lir, disputed for flit' pre t'lniuciu-c in the port of Tadoiisac. Win ii en l)oa,rd tif his shij>. iKj Cai'ii iitadc, his »o-i-cliH;i()nists siiii^' Marot's psalms in his t;al>iii or on the j»itop. in the plarc of Imukm", whilst- the Catholics s\t rr n Irj^at^-d t,<> the fore j)art of the \essel wldi/h lhe\ shared with the ('I linn ion sailoi's. This allowiiiLf ihe natiscs to lia\e i-o<^ni- zaiire of these disputes was indc . a Hue way ».f exerutitii; the kiiij^'s ordeis lo r.itholieize t ln'ni. J I is! Vi i""!^ are not aj^reed as to wlu'r«5 the first mas> was e(>lel)rated in ('anad.i. Moiis, fj^aiis Krei'het.te, holdini^ with ;ui old tradition '.shich speaks of this eeremony as lia\in;^f taken plaeemi the spot wher<' now stands the silla^e iwiiPiiiiiwi TADOUSAC 79 of Ta.|„u.sa,.ukf..rh!M,sHf. An.l then., I.,.„i.afh M... roi.l ^reen shaiie, The parish tciii|,|f iv.irs its lu.wl <>i, il,a( saii.t' fiuor'tl siwt, 'I is snUl, Where on the altar, .veurs au:n. Till- Sji\i..ur's preciouH I.Io.kI did flow. VVh.'ii, to thi: H.Miiid of pious son>,' Horn*! h.v the ectiocs fur ulon;,' Til.. >aoimtain.s with the rounded crest SI ntrhiiiK- afar from K^i.s( U> West; l!\ Hrctoii pries! with whit.nVI hair The siu-rillce woh offered there, Whilst, mid ihes,. so,.„..s so wild and M..VT Knelt ('artier and his hurdv ,iIh,v,> is H fo(.|,|o attempt lyivv a f.v.. transiati.M. of F,.,.du.((o, t}.(. p.^.ts ImoH. We lice adjoin tJu; o,,V|„aI Fn-nrl, .- "^i^^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmsmmmmm ■■■■■■ f ^0 •lAKorsAC DtTriri'i' nous, duiis 1 omhrc, mi jK'lit sanctiMirf, Tl'llll'lr piirnissiill (Ic '•'■! <>liS>'Ur ((UltOII, Dn'SSiiit son humhlc sf. \>ii.liHif8 centw &n» jwhhCs, sur 'in aut,*-! rustinUc', i'l'iidiinl i|n<' If rffrain >!> '|mi1i|IH' vieux i-iinUt/\l«'. Klonnait U's cclios 'If ccx nionls in'omm.-*, IK'viint Carrier et, wh harifu \i\aiit !<• sanu <\\> Hr* poitvs !/hol(Hans(i' .livin i(ui fait Ivs aiat'x fortrs. Tin- tir,,t iiiissiiiiuu-it's (if the l>ll, (Miuuiplaiii landed at Tad-msar, l»niviriu,!4 with ]iini t'our «>t' llu'Sf r.'Iitriou'^- Fatlu'fs J«'an Dolhrau, |)('ius Jainay, .l(>s''l>li l<' ('iiroti and thr lay liiulh.r, i';iciHt|n<' I )u|.l«'SHis. 'Dk' ves- s.l cuutiniit'd 111 Qiu'Imm' a t'cw days aft,(>r\vanls and ilu'iv lli«' l-'athcrs li»'ld cmiu;!! and dcridrd oil })la(inL; I in' Katlit'rs in dirt'ciont parts of llu' i TADOUSAC tau went t(t Tadousa*- to instiuct th« ISIontagnais and othtM- In^iaj»hy U* tlie west, Fathcj" |)oI- Imniu, says (larneau C^) was doini^ his mission ary work amonjj; the Montai^nais of 'ra. •»)»■}. {•i) riukmiiii (Thi' l'ii>,„;-rx III' h'l-ntirr in Ihr Si'ir Wi>dif p. »IS) wnHtliiil ihi.H wxs ilu' llisi iii.tss i-fli'tmitftl al tliin pi;iiii;.' him to i;i\«' i;r«'jil,«M' solidity to the lioust- wliich the i{«*colh'ts liad (.•omm<'ii(.'t*d. on ;i |»it''«l in^ycar l»y lh(» Company of As.sotiati s. His wife ha*. iiir(!seMted iiim withasoii, Choumiu e«»ii Heiiteil to the child heini; hapt i/.ed on condition that he shoidd l)e named Kathcr .losepii. I'al hei- le (^aron thou/^ht it Ix^st to confocm wit h ( 'hou min s notions of ci\ ility ^'l I'aikman iclatcs tiie fii^lit I'Xjierienced l»y tiu' Kecollct Kathei- (Jervais Mohief, when, foi- the first time, lie saw a l);'nd of Ineai' flesh, the tla\or of which was heii;ht«Mied with peas, prunes. ti;;s jXrapes and )>iscuits. These messes w-ic l»«Mnt; (1) FerlaiKl. *-»<>:M. ioaiaHcsaEn^npsasRsaBB St TADOUSAC stii-ii't" skill"t or liullc. As he tlic fond s<'t. lu't'orfi liiin, liis hosts tried t o tfiMiit his at) '1 ipi* 'titc \) )V ";i\ini,' him a larije lice of hj-ar's-fat, a (ii l»it usually reser\e the P kinu The firhiflnus of t}n' Jft^n'tts take no notice of the apostolic lal>ois of tiu' Ileeoilets in tlu' Tadousac rci^ion and i^'ather (Miarles f^illeinant inalics a mistake in sayini;, in ItllMV, that, dur- in;^ t ht ten years the Uecollets luul Imhmi lisiiiij in the country, they had iu»t Ikch ahle to tind an iulorpreter to teach tluMii the Indian laii- aire 'J'l lis remar 'III i.''»t \i rue rise to tl le im- i>rossi«tn that lh<' -on-^ of St riaiu-is liail not mmmmmmmm T.\lM»ii8A(] 85 *-'''mo,K.e.l any .Mission u<.,k, f,>r want of sum- m that n>;„on I, is, hou.v.r ..oto.ious that r";;'"/" ^ thn,. ..nvulln tin. .-olonv; ••• 'i;H.oll,.ts l,,ul n.solut..iy s.i to work a.ul t "^t. tlH.y w..,.. tlu, H,-s( tolMvu- .I..Mi,|in^s of tlH' gospel to thr ,no,v .listant triln's. However Ihis M.ay l„, ,|.. ./.suits whon. <'•«• H.volh.ts had sunnuo.HMl to th.-ir assist |Uuv. ,.,h|..,1 |,v .vphu-in^. thn... |;,.fo,v Mu^y '•-' p- -^ foot, in Qn.U.. an al.onnnahl. '"■^'"''''■"^^J)»'-"^'i »"-'» ^-iroulafHl fn.n. hous. to .ous. in th. ...own., town, in wl.i.). pan, I'i'l^'t tlu, J,,suits w.„., aecusod of h.-tvin^ insti Katcd Havaillacscriiu," wh.-n that fanatirkiil,.! F.mr.uonthsaft.T th.-i, anival th,. J,,/,-. (1) t/AntiCnftoH. ' U .<■„/ ,,„• ,,,.,„ ,, ^,,„^^,. ^,;, ^,^^^,^^ ^^^ ^^^_,^^^^.^_^ ilipili 86 TADOUHAC Coffnti (H was Itmiit l»v til*' liaiiy'iMiiu. 'I'lio inlt'i'prctcrs olistiti.itclv n't'ii^rd i(} iiiMfiu't, tlic suns of l<4natins ifi tlic Indian (lialccts, lK'in<4 inij»t'll«(l to adopt tliis coursf ritluM' (lirouuli inst iiiclions to tliat clUM-t l^}l^■ill<^ Immmi ^i\('n l»y llu' traders, oi- throiii^li t h<>if tear of HtM'int,' tlu'ir own ini)M>i"tan<(' losscnt'il. It was only, durin;^ tin- wintci' of \i\'M\. thai Marsolct,, (lie ii'I«>lM*ati'tl Mo!itai;nais intn-jiff^ttM-, yit'ldrd to tlicir solicitations and impartt'd to tlir l''atli rcsoinccs. hail n<'\ more than sketch <»iit i,'iiiantic plans. The Jesuits, who wciH' skilful ofi^Mni/ci-s, and (1) Tlu' .It'Muit I'lilior (''>iiiiM wnslltiirv itw F^inrUi's ronfrKsor. At tht lime <>t tliiii kiiiif's iis-4ivs,siiiatioii tlu' Kaltici' piitilii^hol an I'xpiuiiatoi \ li'ttiT (li'tiit il(?tlara(iiin') coMrfriiintf the dcx'tniic of till' .lt'.s\iits (Kilo), jumI ili'fvtKliiij,- lii.s Order f rum the iiccuHiilioiis iiiadc against lliciii. Ttiis uiM)1<);.>y met with (^mitriU'dictot's wlio |iMlitisln il il)f AiiH (\iltiin, (tvyr/iita'iitii nf(h«'t\pl;iii.il >iy letter, iiivvliii li iIm\ Iritfl (n)ve lli;it the .Iisiiits wrre tlic iimtijrritorHof the n'i;ici« i( not iisluiiishin^ to And ttiis l>:iiiiplili't diH>emmHifnn^.outt<.tlM.stil!f.vl,K. <.oIuMVNv|.a,.v,.r 7"''' '"•< ^>,ss or wai.t of ^.no«l uiiJ shovvu In- tlir cuiiipaiiies. 'HM'tirst <'nort.s of tho Jesuits w,..(.,li,vU''lii to have us maiiv FathtM-s as they have I'ahiiis. There are not ten Fathers (»ut of a huinh-etl who eouM ^m» tliroui^h what wo wouUl hare to endure, wei'e wi» to follow them. We shouM lia\(» mucli work to «lo, and very little iTiHid would result from it, until we can suceeinl in makins^ this trihe remain in one j)lace. VV« i-annot make them till the ground, for they know nothin'' about husl»andrv Ilesides, where c«»uld their crops l)e hnlLjed? uilt of haik, where the vi^y Hrst frost would destroy them. Thev '•''•^ '>• '"i<^<' ^^ho live from haiul to mouth. < )ur only plan would be, sen«linji; amouL'st them men who were thorouec fi'on\ the Kertkstljc Jesiuts had ah'eady twenty six re[)^•(^sentati^es of theii- Order and six resi- denctn* in tlie now colony. As early as IOlM), one of their" nienilM-r had <;onc 300 leai(ncs from Quelx'c, to the \(My ccMii re of th<' coirtinent, in onler to e\ani;»'h/e the llui'ons. In \{\'M\, Fathei's Hrehceuf, Mercier, Pijai-t, (Jhasleliain, (Jarnier, .loLjucs were exercisint; their aposto- lat" in that, aii-eady MourislunL( mission. At Thn'e Uivers, h'athei's IJutcux and (hi Mai-c!i<' were taking charge of the Al;:i;on(jnins and tlic IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Hi m :*4 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► ^ w^ /} ^^' o e. w ^\^ ei °^' ///. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 V EST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. US80 (716) 872-4503 ^^ iV \ \ "9> .V ^ ^ ^ ^ %^ % \> 4.> W-: C/j 90 TAI>OU.SAC Whit«' Fish (Poissons IJlaues). Qu^^Im'C Ii.ul two r(^<^ul;u' Jcisuit, establislniieiiis : Our Lady of Aii.L((i]s (Notre-Daine df^s Alices) and our Lady of H!^l[) (Notrc-l^aiTKMle Rocouvrancf). QuclKiC was tim liejul-quarters of the resorvf ai'iny of Jesuits and it was tlici-e that the young recruits were formed for mission woi'k. There was a Jesuit resi(hMi(*e <»n the f<»sjfgy island of Miseou neai' BaydesOhah)urs,as likewiseou Cape Breton Island. The success acliieved \)y tlie disci})h>s of Loyola in Parai^^uav liad inspired the Cana- dian Jesuits with the ideaof founding estahlish- miMits in New France similar to thost; in the fornier counti"y. It liad heen a comparati\(^ly easy task organizing the Ifuron nation, for Kw a Iread y 1' d )oss(^sse(t some sdi t of a goveru- m( lit, hut it was a far miMediHicult task estah- th madic tiihes wliose iisnmg order among me noi huntinji-iirrounds end>raced the shores of the jower St, 1 iawrence. A ^ooil LCentleman, w)iose zeal, ha tirst gatlieiHul in enlisted otluM's in tlie eaus(?. A famous Tadousac eaptain or ehief, having been converted, estal)lislied hin»s<>lf at .Sillerv, and althougli bis subjei'ts, \vb(> of .ill the Indians were the least inclined to become (/bristians, absolutely refused tofollow their chief to his new (juarters, they ended by asking to have a missionarv sent to them. If the mount- ain will not come to Mahomet, Mahonnrt must go to th(^ mountain, says a proverb that dates fi'om long ago. .Since the Tadousac 1 n^'2, tliey unceasingly exercised the iiiost arduous apostolate. (I) Ueliitiouy of ion i». :>*^: llcUtioiis of lOr.-„', 92 TADOUSAC " This is such a mispriil)le CDUiitfy, wrote F.illiei- (le Qiu'n, that tliore is liuidly snlVifient oartli foi- tliC! purposes of sepulture. Tt is all hai'ren, hare rock. Ilo\ve\-er, it would do ochai't liad commenc- ed doing. Then the Fathers could come here eveiy spring and remain till the vessels depart- ed. I would not advise the French to lemain there (.'ui"ing the winter. The Indians go away during that season, leaving their locks to the cold, the snow and the ice". It was to this poor and desolate land that Father de Quen came year aftei* vear for moi-c than 11 vears (1) so that by culti\atin:{ 'UNO ,is a (.'liaiii' U u -I ■ fi .1 1 '• II w.i. then; that ho said hi\ mass «'V(wv dud • ' •^ <'.tv, thus suun.j^. (1h. ir,.,„| sml '^"">'^^tf)escatt.re,l nati,,,., of tuA/ ::i: ' ''- p... „.. ,-:: f'" ^>udd luinself a house -m T i ., ^ '«• ii')us(, at ladousac (I). His wish was arcoiMDhshnd h^ u • , of i< , ^n^nsiud. ^oliuwinir the example "I <'uniac'he and Hill,M-v .,„j ^T ^ l,\. 1 , ,. ^^'"<'v and ot nianv 'n-eat "•uut. ,„ Ins „„ss„„, I„ ,i„., v,.,,,.. f,„- ,|„. livst V ucl lui 1„.,„. Hastily ,..„„.,n„.t»l i.v ,|„. !— .c I, wh,. ,vo,.e u„I„,uli.,, tlu, v,.sel,, ' iha|,s.,„e y,.,„. l„.ia- was l„.„u«ht f , ime ) Uclations of 1(542, 0) Relations mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm u TA DO UK AC ellished by some little drii«;get hangings and was (iiidowed with a bell tocall them to theservices. The hangings were of a wavy patternand the more superstitious among the Indians did not fail to suspect that s<»mo spell or sorcery w^as attached to them. As for the bell all of thern took the greatest delight in listening to its sc>und. They themselves hung it as skilfully as a French .artisan could have done. Each of them wanted to ring it himself, t(j see if would speak as well for him as for the Father. From KVll, the Jesuits had never missed sending one or two of their Fathers lo Tadou- aac e\ cry year to pass the summer there, aiding I . I i» i i.M ' "l |»wwiW^W Wy' and uIumi tlje littl to foi-iu on the ed«'«'s of tl «> Hssunie a the India e n and j/o X'ar and tin* in >OII. 11 le !a\'er l-:ac} reetion, hut oidy in the one sopiirating from the otl 1 L'oes in hi s t pr/iyer" from amon^,' the, 1 i)ett struet.'d of the Indians and these/ ehiefs cliarged with recallinix to tl er ni- were ))retl H-en, the noti le mi»ids of tl leir ons o 1 .f rel x'-oii imparted to tliem d i,L(i(.n whieh had urni tl Calenchirs were ontnisted to thesr^ I i« summer. that tJiey might k )o now when the Su/id giques so ays and teast-days fell, so as to ke,.p Hien. holy. It was tliey wl 10 were t(. derile. "One day, records the annalist of the mis sion, Hieur de Joinville, who has writtiMi the life «>f St Louis, l)einjLi: overtaken at sea l>y a ^'reat tempest, his soldiers and sailors who thou<,dit themselves in danger of perishing, thr(^w themselves at his feet and asked him to give them ahsolution of their sins. lUit, said he, tlo you think, I have the necessary pow<'rs ? Who else ^an have them since there is no priest on hoard? On receiving this reply, he i-aised his voice : Well tlien, I ahsolvt^ you with all the powers T possess, I do not know whether I have any, l)Ut if I have you are ahsohed. JJy acting thus lie showed extraordinary simplicity, not unmixed with great ignorance. The Tadou- sac Indians in this tirst winter fell into similar r,\f)rt(i.SAc 97 '■'■'■'";■ ''.""''■"« -"'v-» i"ii„.,i,.,„i,s„f,„.. "M-nly tak,.,, will, h l„„,,i„,, ,„ |„„„: ,„^,^^ '"'■-f«.l..'...w,.„Ml„.„u.,-l,U„. ..,.,■,. ,i„s«.i,h all ll„. ,.xo,..s „f ,„,,,„, .„.,,„,t„,|. .\„ „|,| w.-.n.-H, l„.,ml ,.„„f,.«M„„s. Ast„M,„sowl,„),a,| """"""'"' '^ "^"-""Ifa"!!, Il„.yl,a,|,„„,„f,,, ' "• "" i'"'''''b a„.i i„. |,i,ii„,,i, .,,„„,,: <'n.M;,,„u,.ll,„,a;;i,„.,l„ ,„issi„„a,-v's s,„.,„W r'""; ;, ^ '■"""■" ""■ f"li.nviM.; s,,nn«, i,. l"™-.lthe,u=,.,„„„„ni„.s,. .,„„|,„ I,,., „.,,•„;. ous J)erf< (nuances. '^ suu, wLovvas tlH- n.ost frequently sent „n tl.; iu,l<.usacn.ission. ilis nmne is cmstuntly hein.. .HetwithtHHuifMltohini During thisdoeade Ins occasional fellow n.issioncs w.,v Kat.},ors iJuteux, l)ruill,;t(..s, Lyonne, P>aillo<,uct. Fron, the tin,e (,f his first sojourn at Ta- •Ousucin U4l, Father de Quen had ardently desired t<. ponetrate int<, the deptlis of the 8a Muonay district and visit the fndians of the northern tribes ; hut he had always hoen p.e 98 TAIM>USAii((mI , tlir(MiL,^li (lieir ;i|)j»r(>lu'nsi(ui of tlic s«n'r('ts of (ln'ii hunlini,' ^n'ouiids Ixmul; Itctrayt'd. It was only in .hil\ h>17, tluit Im' could stai't oil a joutiKiy to I lie Pon-upiiic ( Pore Kl)ic) I liln'. lie ascciKJfd tlic SauMitMiay and the ia[>ids of tht' Kixcr ("hicoutimi, tia Nci'srd th fit'al l\«')io<:aiiii lake and was tlw first Fjvtu'liinaM wlioseadvcntuious l)arl< ]tl(m;4:li «'(! (lie waters (»f Lake St .loliii. In \C)~>'J lie atrain nia< l(> tl 11' jouiiicy. It uas I'^Mtl \VV (l< (,i>uon likewise who eoniuiented ihe iSetsianiite mission. I''atliei' ('Jiailes Alhanel Uec.une (lie re;L'ulai' sueeessoj- of l'\itlier de (^>tien in the Tadoiisae Monla^nais mission. He wa^ the tlrst iiiis- SKdiai'V w lio ei» imiieiiecd t(» follow the Indiai IS in their winicr hunt iiii;' eanijiainns (i). ['"roiii 1 ().")() to 1 (»•)() he dwelt in these j>arts, sonu-- tiiiies i;oinLi' alon;^ the horders of the ri\(:'r, soiiuUiiiMVs pluni;'in<4" into the woods, sometimes taking up liisahode at Tadoiisae itself with the (1) Journal uf ilic Jc!>uit.s, p. 144. TA Dor HAT 09 t«-^v l<.vn<-l, wl.oM, tlM,. rival. r..,n,.a,.M.,s |,;u| '•«'t;uM..(l u, (hn'.w.n.ploy for I i... u intrr to |„ok HfU'rthcirintnvsts. Durin^Mluu i,.,<.n,f I (ir,; 1,,. vcntunMl wIM, a I.untiM,ir-,,arly o,. tlu-soiM). sl.on. of Mh. rivr aiHl rrarh.-d t Im> Not n-- 1 );,„.,. ""•""tHins. h, M,os,,riii-of Mi.W), iM.for.. \rn^ - in^' Tadousar, Faflu-r All.and had ,nani.-,ja ^enchniari nain.-d Franrois P(.!lrti..r to an In- «iian Christian w.nian vvithout jMihlishin- any l)unr>s or notifvin- the parents, t hr hishoj., ,,r •iM'.^mvn-nor. This aOair n.ar,.f love to Father A ll.anel : tor t,-n vears of J>iN life he had hestowe<| all his eareon itfand for 1-N sake had made many a saeriMee. Yet, obedient to the ridr of his Ord.-r. he left it promptly and hastened in othr.r and unkn.nvn shores. St I-natii.s says: ''A ,J,.suif must msen.l.le a soldi,.r under marchin- orders." Father AUnxmA returneandoned the slioi-es of Tachuisac. In U)()() innnediatcly after his departure, Fatliers Druil lett-es and Freniin (i) liad l>een s»nt to icplaee liim. Tlu^ tiad(us looked on tliem with an e\il eye and in an underhand way liad dctne all they could to hinder them from coming. The Fatheis therefore had to I'etraee theii* steps almost im- metliately. The following year, the iniplaeal)l(! .lro«iuois laiuled at Tadousae, sui'prisiid the Fi'ry was .Irstroy..!, M... ,.|,„,v|. >"'•""•'« tl... s„rvlv.'r, Turlousuc was left in ruins (J). Tf, was Hfl.'rthisamlacious attack and on ihnr way '.u-k to tlu.ir own rountry that <„ Ir.Mmoi; '<;"-« ^'"^Hi.h Seneschal, Jean .Ic Lau/on, ..n the Island of Orleans. ^ Fo.- nearly two y,.ars after this (:;{, p,,^,.,, „,,i||ettes was a-^ain sc-nt < "''-e. The l.ulians, who were kopt away fron, the r,ver shore by fear of the eaen.y, had dis- Plii('(' as (I'cii- jil.tci' of ivfuLC*' aiul i( \va,s llitMK'c th.\! tlic iiiissionai'ics stui'U'd out in search of tlicir sca(tail!(t(juci and l!iM)i-i Xoiivfl succi^cdcd (>;u'li ot'iK !• (lici'c until HM')^. \\'«> hear of thcni on th(> v'u^\\\ side (.f (he river, at l^ake St Jolni, at the I'et siainites, at the mission of Lake l>ar*nal)y in the l'a|iinatli(»is country. 'J'liese nn'ssions were unih'r the care of tlie ,J«'suit r'athei- Louis de I Jeaulieu when Ih'shojide Laval landed at, Tadousac in l()(>S toijive eouHrination to the few Indians who still dwelt tlu'i-«' anie Au Porta<.;e and (rreen Island (lle-Verto) and. in the sjjrini; <»f lt)7(.), he was preparin;;- t<» return to (^)uohee n\ hen he received orders to }Xo to Tadonsae and administer the last sacra- (1) IJilalidii of IOCS. TADUU8A(^ lO.i monts to Uin sick, ;is ;.lsn i,. l,u,-v d,,. si,.fin,s of ail <'i,i(|,Miiic ihaf, was ra;,MMo' t}„.,v. As h*. was pn„-,'<>(liM^r al.,n<( Um' t,.,rM, <-<)as(, in a<-aii.«. in seaivh ..f his disprrs..,! Hurk, h,- ,n,l uKl, .,m Indian from tin- <-('l(.l,f;i.l('(i Nnrlli I'.av * ( fJaic <1m N,,r,l) Nv),„ told l,i„, 1„- h.id hirns(-lf srrn a f'rcnrh vessel in Ids ,,\\ ,, .•(.inil rv. All,.uir| .|nesli.,nrd liin. rh,so\y, desirino- n<»Miiii,- so inticli as to advance info H.rir uncx^ ploi'cd counti-y, Foi- a l..n,u. (JHi,. i,J„. niissionai-ics and }r<>. v.'rnorsof Xeu Fran.v l.a.l l.ccn anxious "to prnctratc tiics.^ mysterious f(M'«'sts and rea<;li the famous sea, Tlu^ Kn-h'sli had the sam.- 4th, iniO. an Kn-h'sh.nan arrived in C^ud)cc with Twenty Ahciuupiis. lie had h^ft K(Mic])cc, ..rossed the Alle,^r|,anies and dc-stvud- Ifudsoii's \\i\\. (1) SCO a MTV int.MTsfin- study on this |.oi„t l,v Mums I'aul ,1,. Dazes : Tlw S ort lie rn Frontier (La Front i.>rr' \onl) W" mmmtfiffm \0i TADOUSAC s(l tlio (^luiudit'i*^ as far as (lie St Lawrcmn' in seiirch of a )>assag('. to tlw N«>i-tli Sea, Moris, dc MontniJiijfny si'iii liim to 'I'adousai;, whence they sliipped him lo l^^ni^land. He re})lied to the Jesuits who ({uestioned him, tliat l)y ,i^oin,i( np tho Sa<>;u(Miay lie was sure of I'eaehin;^' llie sea. liut the Fathers then tliought the Tiakt' HuJ-on route was the more eertain (D. In Ki'iT, the Procureur Oeneral Jean r>()urdi>n, in lOOl th(> missionary Fath(M-s l>al>lon and I )ruilh»ttes, in IGC).'}, tlie notary Pieri'e I )u(iuet, had vaiidy attempted tlie joui'ney. Meanwliile t,h(» Indians had l)een incessantly interrogated, and e\(>ry missionary had eonnnuiuc-ated whatever iid'oi'- nuition lie iiad t>at.hei'(Hl. The Kelation of KifjS ifives the details of six dilT'ei'ent route w hir Alhanel aeeoniplished. Ten years previously, June 1st lOfil, the missionary Dahlon and Sieurde hi Valliere had set out from Tad^-usac and niountin*,^ the Ha ^'m>nay, T.ake St John and tlie Assamaehou- anne, had arrived at Lake Nikc.uha on the lii,<,diest irrounds (i), a hundred lea«,'ues from tlie river and jialf way to N(,rth liay {P.aie du Nord). Father Alhane! took a westei-ly dirve- tion. Having set out from Tad.uisae, Au,irust '"^Mi ir)71, lie j)enetrated as far as Lake St J<.hn where he wint(!re(i. June 1st, 1G72, he left his winter-fjuarters and, }»ythe\vay of Hiviere-aux- Sahles and a succession of ponds or little lakes not yet named, arrived at the ^vhuI Mistassini Lake oii the eighteenth day. On the 'jnth ..f the month, he at len.ufth came to the celebrated northei-n sea. By the vnd of July he was (1) Relation of 1001, Joiiriiul des Ji-stiifes, p. 'M). mmm 10<) TADOL'SAC .'ipiaiii at Tadousao wlKric- tlic I'l-cinhiiitMi of the trading-post lielj)e(l him to tclchiated tlie aiuii- versaiy of his departure. Fath<'r Alhaiiel had traversed tSOO k'agues on foot and in canoes, had passed 200 watei'fulls and MJO ra|»ids, and all in tlie space of h^ss tlian sixty davs (i). Until tlu'n, says t)ie Relation, tins jonrnc'y had l)een sup[)osed to he ini})ossil>le for the Freticli who had already undeitaken it three t inies and iinahle to overeonici the ohstaeles they met- with had found themselves oljJiged to ahandon the (MitrepT'ise, despairing of success ". To h'ather All>anel helongs the glory of ha\ing accouijdish- ee the Jesuits, still keeping Tadousac as their rallying-point, ext»Miding a I hi (1) Tliis would appear iinpos>4il)(e, Iml we ll<'l:ilion of 1(17'.?, p. 48. I lanMWWMaiaiB TADUUHAC 107 iH't-vv(M'k of cstahlislmu'iits hikI tniiponu y mis- sions over- tiie coimtry wliose dark xvi\ tUoy had torn asimdf'r. W(, si.all sc,. (1... traders, "ca-vr f.M- hooty, following, the intrepid missionarrcs, and the fa.'tory or tradii.n- l,uildi,i,- roariiii; its lH';i,d side l,y side wilh (h,. rustic cliapcl. Father Al))anf'rs successor, Father Fran- cois de Crepi,.ul, (hiriii-- his I hirty-one years' apostohite. from 1G71 to 1702, had to serve the whst he would find the the i)ost of the Holy Family, in the centre of Mistassini Lake, lietui'ning to his starting-point and going /dong the north shore of the river he would eome successively to Our Lady of (h>od Desire (Notre-Dame du F>on Desir) of tlie Bergeronnes, to L'Fscoumain, to Hetsiamites, to Oui* Lady of tlie AssuuJption of the .Jeremiah Isl/mds (ilets 1 OS TADOUSAC .It'i-('iuie) to the mission of Tli<^ («iiar(li;iii Aiii,'ol aininijLi the Oniiwuuiois, to tluit of tlic Lake St Ranial»y td the head of llie Hi\('i- Stc Mar- i^ucM'ite. Kiiiht assistants (tame succossivcly to the aid of tli(^ missionary. They Nveic Fath(M's ,Iean- r»a{»tiste liouchei', Jean Moiain, Aiitoine Silvy, n onav(M\ture F:i\ )re Antoiiie Dalmas, Loui^ Aiuh'e, Pierre JNIai-est, Jean Chardon. Silvy, hahnasand Marest went as far as lludson's I'ay. Fathei- Mai'est was made prisoner by tiie KnoHsli and taken to Plymouth, l^'ather l>ahMas was killed hy tlie Indians of Fort Ste Anne. Tliis was the ordy martyr whom tlie .lesuits gave to the nussions in the Noi'th. After the depai'ture of the Fatiier Franeois de Crepieul, the missions of those distant I'egioiis aj)j)eai' to have heen someiwhat abandoned. The Jesuit Father Laure, who seems to ha\e heen Ids lij-st regular successor, declares in his Jour- nal that on an-ivinsj; at (^hicoutimi, ho is tak- nit^ possession of th(^ missions which ha\e heen newly estal)lish(>d afli>r an interregnum of TAD(HJSAC UD twenty vv.irs. Futj,f,r Lnu.-o died ;it, tJu, El,„u- l.M.iontsi.i ir.'JS and was i-ri,laced tuo years ut'teiwatds }>y FatluM- ,I(!ai.-I^>tiste AlaiU'iee. V'.ithiM' Mau.ic(; died at Tadousac, Afarel, i>Utli, 174f), and in tlie autumn f.f that same yvj, FatlK.r Claude4^odfroi C<„iuai-t receiv..d ..nlers to go th(«re and continue his pi-edeeessor"s work. Father OiMjuai-t, in Ids turn, died July Itli, 1 765, ■md the missionary wlio intended liim at Chi- eoutimi, Father Jean-Baptiste dv la Brosse, was the twenty-tirst nn'ssionary of his order in that re<,don. Chicoutind, und(!r tlie rei.<(n of Fathers Laure and CVxiuar't, apj)ears to ha\'e taken tJie l.'ad of Tadousac. ''The Jesuits are now in possession of this mission whieli is at. Cliieou- timi ", says hi Pothei-ie ^,y Charl.Hoix eo.i.plains of the soliUuU' (.f Tadousac; where there V i-e neith(;r men noi- beasts to he seen vi). During (.ne hunth-ed and foi-ty-two years, the missions ,,f Tadousac and the Sagucwiay (1) V. 208. (••J) (1721). 110 TADOUSAC were utidor the apostolic cajv of the disciples of St Ignatius «)f L(>yola, and, durijig that cen- tury -ind a luilf, the history of Tadousae contains littlt! cls(! than a record of the AVorks which these i^•lthe!•s pcj-fornied. Since the year 17^*.■3 secular priests have ivplaced the Jesuits. „■ itt,iii-.*r*».-«mj)»i«a.--\4JC*/- 'ii.ij* ■ f •r'ft.vv i4,':,^'iff''?t.sJi\«fftft*jM (; (lisciplcy L^ that con fic contains irks wliicli year 17<*^."3 uits. VII Kvploratioiis of thf .Fcsuit iniNsifnuiiicH. Tluir fliploniacv.- lluw IIh'.v iHcaiiK' valuahlo luixiliarics to the sjov eminent. The work of the Jesuit missionaries was not coiilined to evan<(elizing the Tmlians, hut wuh (»f a twofold nature. Apostles and soldiei-s, the Jesuits penetrated everywhere, seekin*,' (»ut tlie most obscure haujits in order there to lay down their lives iu the naiin' of Had and of th«^ KiuL' of France. To the same extent tliev relied on the Htate, the. State n^lied <>n them. As mis- sionaries, th(>y worked foj- tlie convartiiijL,f the results of theij- ol)- servatioiis. They did not live for themselves, they li\t'(l f..i- their relii(i(»n and their country. Kvcrv Indian \vhon> they converted l>ecame an ally of France. All tlie Indian tribes, from Aeadiji, to Mississippi, have lieen i*nder their tw(»-folfl influence, When the gloiy of the French name was at stake, tlie mission;iry, the tmrn 112 TADOUSAC "WJinior jiiul i1h> tivul(>i' uctod in unisoii. It Would ,s«'«Mii as if this alliance crmcutcii by tlii'if having shafo'd such uunioi'ouH perilous missions rojxised on too s(»li(l a basis to be easily s(;vered. Nevei'theless, as soon as the couinion enemy had disappeared, these heroes who had previously been so united, indulged in discussions wotthy of a less civilized a<'"ly .v.-ryvvl.,.,,. I „,,, ,^.j,j, "^ , '<--^^<'an.|..n your ,losi^a„nradin;. wit), tlu. I^luro' if peans ulu, c-airy <>n tLci,. trad,^ in Mm' iv-n'on , tho North S.a, where th,.y do not j.rav to ( ;.K| ^^'•-^t y.„,,,,j,, „^,^^, ^,^^^_.^^ towards" Lak. St •'"•". ^^I'^.v yon will always line! son,. />W: /v^Vlo nistruetand l)aj)ti/.e yuu d). it ^V'^sthusinM.,.y<.arof.,.ace,l(;71,inthe n of Chunh and Stat., a,dvo- OHfinn:th.Mnterest,sof thetwoinono an.l the same harangue. (1) R«'liiiion of j(;72, p. 4S. HI TADOUHAO Ainoii^ the llmoii and Iroquois Lrilx's, tlu; .Jcsuits'lwul luariy glorious missions whicli tlicy haptizdd with tlnir hlood— missioiH wortliy of ajiostlesandtnart yrs. Tlie clmrch of Tadoiisau WHS more humble. Tliouifh sho has never bona tried l)y fire and swonl, history records tliat j>rotracted journeyir)<^s and prodifjfious hd)ors were accoiniilislied by the Jesuits wlu) were the d (lisc(tvei'ers am 1» om^crs (» f tl U!se reiTions. Tl ley wert; th»' first \,n ])on{!ti'ate into thost' distant solitudes so rei>lete with mystery and of w hi('h so many awi' inspirin,:^ U;;.,^'iuls vyere rehited. The Saj^U(Miay and the re^dons to the north were they better known tlian thiy are at the ])r"<3sent day? It must, not \n\ for<(otten that, in those ])rimitiye times when a roalishe«l alu„^r the Haorueimy .uul on the .shores of Lake St .iohn. At thf3 end of the hist oeiitury when Mirhaux, the naturah'st, was advanein- nfay of Mistassini and Rupert, he was following' in the tj-aees of Father Al' haneh The Jesuit Father Laur.., who lived at Tado«.s,ic from 1720 to 17:^, has left a n.ap of the Saguenay territory wliieh is still a marvel t<> geographers through tlie ahundam-.. and rigorous exactness of its details. In Ciiarlevoix's book, we are surpriseHintliin from Lak<> Mistassini, the house of |)orval is )uai-keil. 'I'lie fivers l>oui'l»oii, Ked Caf}) (a la Can)e Rougf], and Feilje Nomclle discharge tlu^msehes into tliis inland sea In ITOl', t,li(> missionary Fatliei- C^'/'pieul tells us that oiu! Nicolas went to the (Jrand Lake Mistassini aceonipanie,s Ihai the surveyors found tlu-ir way U> iJu' unkni.un 'Virion, when in i >i2S the Canadian -overn- I'HMit -;ent an e.x|)|.„i„.- party to oxannne the LakeHt J„1hi valley, an o!,l trapp.M- havin- revealed its existence and s].nken <.t its marvel's to the astonished deputies, It w^s the Kelati<,ns of tjiese j.ioiieers that furnished those -entle- luen with juost of tJieir information. The ]>riniitive liuh'ans, fearin.ir that their Jnintin-^rpounds rni.L^d.t ],e aj-propriated, had ivp'''^«ented to tlie missionaries that tlie interior of the Sa-uenay country was barren and ni<,unt- ainous, covered with perpetual snow and of a most umpleasant aspect. An echo of thes^ first accounts of the district may he found in Champ- Iain and in Nome of the write.-s who succct'ded him. The tran(M>f tliese notions, tell UN, in ihv Relations, all they had s«Mm, concealing neither the fertility of the land, nttle. The Concjuest interfered with their work of preparation. In the (irst instance, it had IxH^n necessary to people the valley ot the St Lawrence, ami then the g(»vernnieni having foundetl the military estahlishments on the Uichelieu had concentrated its energies in the direction of the (rrejit Lakes and tlie Mississippi where it was of gwat consetpuMioe that ollicially organized groiipings should connect the colony of Louisiana. When Quel)ec fell, th(5 valley of La l'»eauce hassessoy roforrinif to tlu; invent Dries of their posses- sions. mmi TADOHKAC 10 yoHi-s. Besides, it was fdinnl u(>c<;s.sMrv i<» nd- vaiK'o towards tliesouDi ,uid llu' west in onU-r to resist the (•Tjcroaehriieiits of the Au^do-Sjixen raee. 'Hie north h;ul he.Mi reserved to us fruni all et(^rriit,y. To meet the neeessities (.f the times, tlje advaneed [losts <>f the Mistassini and Nikoidtii. would amply sulhc(! as rallying' points for t)ie fiuhans who were tempted t(» tr;ide with the Eny <>n]y Knc (Uitlct, the Ki\(>i* Sai^inMiay, of' Mliicli it is (he soui'r'c '. " I'll is is a iH'autiful spitl, the land is 1<'\(>1 and appears In l)0 ,u''""'> ihei'c IxMii:^ sonu- finf nioadow land ; llu^ (»tt(?r tli<' Canadian cliv, (lie I)ra\crand more ospt'ciuUy t he ]Hii't'npin<^ art! luM'f found in lari^c iiumbors", writ(\s All)an(rl, ten yt^ai-s latci'. Tliis last niis- siiHiat'y speaks as follows of Mistassini, Neniis- kaii and the slope, towards tlio North Sea : " This country is not mountainous, the climate is milder than <>lsewhere, tlie land is ijjood ami A'ery productis-e, so tlwit it could su}>]>ort a larije [iopulat.i<)n if it were iirojxuly hi'ou^ht under cultivation, '{"hei'e a,re vast })lains ai,M*eeal)ly intersperscvl with water . , . , A j;reat juistake lias been niad»; by those who represent this country as uinnhabitable, (^'thei' on account of the oxcessixe cold, of the snow and ice, or of the scarcity of wood for building' pnr[>os(^s or foi' fuel. They cannot ha\i> seen the \ast, thick forests, the beautiful plains and far-stretching I TADOrSAC 121 ini'adcws wliirl. ]>uv,Wr tho .-ivcrs in various places and w liidi air- eovorwl with all kinds of pastuiv. On the 1511, of June I },uv,' myself seen wild n.ses as l,(Mn(.ifi,] and fra<(rant as any t«» be found at C^uehee, the seas,,n appearing to me to he forwarder than there, wliilst the air is mild and pleasant. There was no ni^rhf wlien I was there, the evenin.i,' twilight last'in- until the early dawn ". Thi'se hardy (Explorers, these wond. into the deepest i-ecesses of tin; lorcvsts and becomt; the hundilest of teachers. W'lien tht^y passed throu;;h any country, they nnuh' a study of all its vo... sources. . was Lafit.-iu who discovoivfl the ijin- s«^n,n^. It was (^har-les Lemoine, whilst on a mis- sion t<. the lrononday tlu; Jesuits. They ecome a<;quainted with its anatomy ; liis only luminary being th«i torch's smoky glare. "The Tlurons and other sedentary tri)>es art!, as it were, the a.rist-ocracy of the country, says Sagard. The Algonquin tribes compose the middle class, whilst the lowest class is represented by the Montagnais ". The art of tilling the ground had to })e shewn to these nomadic tribes l)y means of example and these holy missionaries hful themselves to undertake the manual lal>or of clearing the land and bring- ing it into cultivation. These evangeliivil }>ioneers founded tlieir agri<'ultui'al estabHslims (,f former lish the joui'fi(;y between mmm iL'l TAUOUSAC tlio two plnrc's. Th«u^xist.eiH«' of this idUiili luju] at'i'itss 1 1ll" forest, Jiloiiij tlu> iiiountain <^ui'm«H tiud tJii-(»ui^h the valU'vs lias \)vv}i doiilitod l»y luaJiy authorities, hut tradition speaks so jtosi t-ively of it tliat it is diilicult not lo l)elicve tlu? roal evisted. Those wlio dist lu.vit these h\ict'J>fI'>'''y tales ai-e referred to the indii-utions <»1' tlus ro;i,d marked on the map eni^Tvived by Jiollin in 1744. On tliis map, whieh is inserted at tlie (i4tli page of Charlevoix, third Nolume, a r.»ad is marked between two chains of mount- ains, whieh road led to Lake St Charles behind Quebec and commenced on the Saijuenav near Arise vSt Jean aie (Murray B'vv ). Mil!, in I he cwurso of that year, soiiu* liidiatis having point- e I out tliat a roa-l enuld ea-^ih he ojK-oeil h^tweei) Hale Si Paul and la Orande B:iie, the route wa>i explored anfl, the statement of tJie Indians heiniif verified, a road was markeil out. We have nowliere been able (o find liy what riifht I he .leMiit^ hild their landed pro]»erty at Metabetehouan. DoubtleMs, this domain wa.-! liehl vutder the ^'rant nuule b\ tlu' kin;,' to the C')nii>any of .(esus, of a league of (j;roun L.uizon, in the name of the Company of New France, had }y[vei\ to tlie Jesuits a })iece of land at Tadousac, as a freeliold, which land they were to select wherev«3r they found it most suitable for huildin^,' a churcjj and a priest's residence and for makin<,r a cenietrrv. This <,aft was confirmed hy tlie kin<(, May li'th, I07S. On this piece of hind which consisted of six sijuare ar])8nts (-), the nnssionaries huilt the (1) July l.st. (2) Ilepoii of thc> ootniiussioii iianu'd in i787. An aQM'Ht is uii ol.l Vreiu'h Lin,| m-isiin- ami is < juiv.-vlt'ot to a little less than 2 cun-es: i) rooJs. ^F-mim ^wm 12G TADOUSAC odificas iiecossary for \V(>r;.lii[» and comineiicfMl an a,i,nicultiiral estahlislmiciit of wliich tin' v('sti»^es still <;xi.st iuxi which is known in th« country hy tlio uaino of f/ie JohuIi's tjardt'ti {Jarditi (li'in Ji'Hnite.s). Tlu^ old inliabitants still tell woiidors of tho orcliard and the fiuit-ti'ee.s wldch grew tliere. up to some lifty years ago. Tt is a fact worthy of remark that wluM'<'ver the Jesuits dwelt, oven temporaiily, in this regiH of)ens on to an excessi\ely wild country in- terspei-sed with rivers which Ion- remain ice- ))ound. This vast empire (»ut of which twenty provinces could \yo made has hut scant l»erl)a<,'e and a few dwarfed trees hardly pr.Klucing where- withal to feed sonje few flat-faced Ks(|uimaux families. It was in these sea-i^irt regions, barren and shadeless, that tlie Indians fnmi tlie interior formerly pitched their tents during the summer, and it was here that tlu^ missionaries from Ta- dousac came to meet thein. The missionaries, in trying to cnsite an agricultural establishment in the Lake 8t John valley, did a very meritoiious work. Tliey want- ed to gather together the scattered remains of the non.achc tribes, and lead them away fro.n where theyfound butameagresubsistence. They strove to habituate them to a more stationary IL'H TADUUHAC lit'ii nil lovely luiids juiiidst. fon'sts UM^iiiii;;; with Jill sorts of <'iiin(', w lirn- 1 wtMil V l.ii'ii*' t rihcs liad t'oniuM-ly tlwclt at ciisp. For a loni; tim<', then, the post of 'riulousju- was tlcst-i ted. Tlir i,'r«'aU'r pai'Uof tlu' M(tiita;j;iiais triin' had alfaiidoiuul it ill ordci- t(» ;^rou|> theiiisclvcs around tlic «>stul)- lislmuMits iu tin- intrrior. VVc have \h'av f^ivtMi a roiii;h skftcli of a part of what tlu! Jesuits uu(U'rt.ook in \\u\ aiuit-iit kiiijiiloin i>f till! Sa«au'i)av. Truly Nvas it an arduous task to he jiorforiiu'd \>y a mere hand- ful of men amidst the silence of the wjmmIs, and its jweomplishment rcujuiit'd the exercise of aesto\ved on these hardy workers in the field. Apart from the piece ^f land ufiveu them by Tjauzon in 1056, am! the Iv!nta))Htchoiiau domain which they cultivated with tlieir ow n hands we tai)0(;hac' J L'U Imv. shcNvu tl.ut tJ„. Jesuits, for the support of a n.issionary at T/ulousa,. only nxvivrd an- nually fnon the Stato tin. ,su.u ..f six },u.i«ln',j Itvrr, (I), wj.icl, ropres(Mits in -.ur UM.rn.'y (,f tin- pn'sont tin... tl,,. .nnnnous sun.of onohun.lnMl (lollai's, Tht^y l.avo },(,<.,. accused of tradiuir vvitli the Im)ia».s. Accordin- to our l,elief, tl.is accu- Hatioii cannot l,e borne out as r,-;,.ards th(. niis- M.onari.vs iu the Sa^^ucnay district ; we ..urselves c-rtamly have found no traces of such tmtHcr ; they had to play a most painful part in this (ornerof th(5 continent, and they perfr.nned their sclt-appoint(,d task with tlie ^M-eatest disiiiter- estedness, inakin,<< the hestof everythin<<. One of their nuniher, Frani^oisde CVcj.ievd, has uiv-en us a very touching narrative of these missions. He did nr.t write it out of vain-glory, but for the instruction and greater coiisohition of those who sliould come after him. "The life of a Mtmtagnais missionarv, he says, is a long and cruel mnrtyrdom, entad'ing (1) (iuebetMolleetion of iiiaHuscripty, IJI-vol. p. 137. i;u) TAIHH'SA(J nearly iiicrssanf iu()los, suiTiumdod hy luam'lu's »»t' tin- lir lirr (o <(>\(M lln'smtw and I'm/en ^iMund. " 'l'li<» inissionarv s|)<'ndH n(>arly all lln' day s(\'it«Hi or kncclinjLi:, (»xj>ospens tit he oiVered him. S>mked, s<»me times il is \vv\ toutdi, (VsptHMally the meat, whith hjvs been smul^ed ami driod in the chiiimey, TADOUMAO I :? I WhHtn.,,usl,(,lH.n.iHjM<.,o|<.,li,.H,Ha),„to,ur K<<'H«r;i.lly ||M|,. iuonyj) <,f i(,", Tliisisalnicnvital, Ml (his i-oii;.rli lif,.. N<,w l."t us Mcr. Low .i.r.^rfuliv Mu-sr, „„.,. I>.»re with IhrHP l.anlsl,i,,.s of wl,,:.), M,,y |,,,i lull ^-""wl...|.r. )„.for(vi^oi,.;^t,<>on..ount<.rtJ,r.M, A ""^^•-"•"M,rya,rypIacf,H<.rvos us as a l.osl.lry, l,uiltn, th- snow, wh.„. „..iMH.r luvarl, win., ^alt, sam-o "-'•••;^"nl, istolM.found, l.ul,onlyav,.,y.oo<'ti(.e. Tl... missionary lo.l^.cs alwavs in^hr Man..U.(,si,.|ry, 11 n. Is always th. vuuMkmI .waif '"Ki-i"., .vl,i,-|, |.,.,1 l>a,sr.xiM(..c|sinc.M),. 1,,.,^,, "m;< <.f il„^ wo,>|,|, a.Ml vn.-. Arlam's dayshas nevor bo,., shak.n up -..ept by sohm. .arth- M"'^»<^-'--M-r. A ;.. r.i appetite „,ak.shin) find a »>'< of MninktMl .Moaf, d,yas|.afhr.r,as (Mi< -^e.. ^atmgasayoun;( oarfrid.;,.. KaU.,,,. ,,},^,,.,,^ for liuu sweet ,s]oep. Uod k,,.,.s hin, in -.,oj4,s and oars in conjunction with the oars of his l>oat-cunipanions bj-in^' him to tiio end of his journey in lime iov liiin to undertake anothei- one innnediately ''. Tiiis same Cn'pieuK whose hiinoatable de- scri[)tion of a niissifjnary's life we have just lieard, ends his account, of his f'wst winter pass- ed at Tadousac \>y tellinj^ liis superior : "• The LTieatest favor T can ask of you is to irrant me the same happiness next year, during wlncli ] liope that God may give me courage t<» rc'p.iir by fresh suf!'eiings the faults I have committed tins year ". Father Henri Nouvel, retLuning fr<»ni a mission among the Papinachois, one of the most .rut the Jesuits knew mhiiirahly well Jiow to inspirit tlH> mem- bers of th(nr (,)i-(ier. Those (Irstined for tlie missions eoimneneed tueu' piH^juralion lon.i,' previously t(. tlicir d(^- p;»,rture for the scene of their labors. Tliey had t<' cojisider beforehand what amount of wo.k and hardship tliey would liave t<. encounter, find when once tiieir saeritice w;is made and their resolution taken, nothing eou],l make them <|uail or go l)ack from Nvhat they luid un- dertaken. They had l)een formed t«. their task i)v ;, ngorous discipline and that discii>line kf liisortler are well wortli i)eiusij)g. They xviii gi;*, us t)ie l>est insight nito tlie source of the vigor displayee able to strike; a light for your companions on the road, in day time, to light tlu^ir pipes, at night time when j)reparing their cal>ins. Such little services as these will win their lieaits. "Force yourselves to eat Hrf(/a)>nfi\ how- pvei' dirty or insipid it may be. Jieai' with every thing. Refuse nothing \\hich they offiM" you, for fear of displeasing tliem. Force your- s 'h'cs to eat at daybre:vk. You must be (juick in embarking anil disembai'king. '^ruck up your habits so ;is not to carry any water or sand (1) Relations of 16;f7. mfHF' I'A f )OU»AC 1.3r, into the canoes, (io burc-foot and ljare-le.vfr«.,l Do not speak too nuicli dunno; y,,ur' joui-iifvs. Do not (|uesti.Mi them too much ulw.ut their language. You will lean, nothing, and it bothers them. Silenc<^ is a useful })ossession at those times. Try U, be always joyous. Eac!; ,»ne of you will be furnished with half a gross of awls, two or three doz.'ii of small knives, a hmulred or so of fish-hooks and some driiddng cujx^ so as to feast the Indians. 8tri\'e to carry some- thing at the portages (carrying-pjaces). How- ever little you carry, even slu.uld it b<. oidy a pot, the Indians are pleased that you should do it. Do not be ceremonious with them. Take care that your hats do not interfere with any one in the canoes. It would be better to wear yan any sueh sulitly nunute and ckiverly coi.it)ine.. The Tiwloinac <\ lapol. Althou^^i iho Jcsuils i.».,k.Ml iij,oM the north-shorft missions as mnvxihlr church'H, s\q havp sfMMi vvliat puiijs tlu'v expc.ulcd ..„ .urost- in<( tlie svanderin.s/s .,f tho I,i,ii,tu tril»os u.id chajigiiiii: tlunr uomadic liahits into more settled ones. After "having Umg followed then, in their hunting excursions through the forest, where tin- Fathers said Mass. sometimes on a f,;lh.d tree (i), .s<»metimes (»n the side of a canoe, tlie sails often serving as a canopy, tliey l)egan here find there to lay the foundations of rustic churches near the ]Hor(^ frerpiented traihng- posts. At tirst tliese were but long ca})ins of bark or foliage, much like those which the Tn- dians of Tadousac had put up in {{][•> w}k.,i Father deQuen arrived. The trad<'rs ..f this (1) lUlatiou of ICGii \:)H TA 1)013 SAC j)ost h;ul afterwards reserved i\ room in {\u''\v factory wlioiv- tlm U1<\sh<^<1 Sacrament c<>nU\ hv installsi(h'nce. An entry in tlie .Journal kcjit, l>y the I'^athers at Quebec tells us Lljat in I tl'd) tlic |)rojected ercictions wore about com}»let(!d. " NovemlxM- iMst, writes tlio annaUst (1), I'^atluir AUtanel set out to winter at Tadousac witli (Uiillaume Hoi \ in and Mons. Pelletier on tlu; one hand and tww sailors «)n the otlier. It was an i xperinuMit. we were inakinj,'' t() see wiietiier it would do to rejH'at it, since we had mner before done any- thin«>; of the soit : (Uiilhunne Boivin was at oui* cost, but not Fran(;ois Pelletier, althouijh under our nauui". This Mrst Tadousac c!ui.j"cli was (1)1). 20.8 mmt^mmft'tmm-w'^mmmniiigg^ TADOU.SAC l.'iii '»'"1' ^>^ s'Mi.r. M„n(rc;il hud us y<-t only u • •liurcli Imilt, of sv<)ojM%'irK tr> l.;.N,. I,,.,... iniru.ulously prctecK^d, l>ut Hltl.ou-h it then ('scuj,r(| ruin it, xvus .!l at Lake St John. The following summer, }*ierre de Becart, sieur de Gran(hille, went to the i^ake and selectetl a \mHi' of land, at th<' entrance of tlie (n In 1071. ' m mnmr-wm iifmmfffffilllitfgl TADOUSAC 111 Ak'taljotchouaii river, us tli.} iinist Jir 12th. Charles Cadieu and Joseph dn iJuisson ji.-lped on the works v(>ry much during' the ten or twelve days tln^y were thtn-e ". As far l>ack as 1071, the trad.'rs had huilfc a liouse at ('hicoutimi. In the sunmier tliat the (!sta)>lish]nent of St Charles de Areta]>etchouau was begun, Sieur de (iraiidville caused cjno. Jean Langlois to build at Chicoutimi another cliapel 30 feet long, with a room for the j)riest and a little siiciisty. '' He pointt;d out the place where it was to stand, JuneL^ith, am] lielped it onby liis efforts, good management and ex; ■ j Je ■wnm I 12 TADOUHAC tor lu! I»iiii.s(!lt WDi'ki'ii ul it, tVom liiuo Ut I iiiir, and lie (lise cluirclns uhicli wrro hidden away in lli-, df.pths of the \v,„,ds, the Jesuits liad ncitficr tithe nor fees, nor cajntatioii inon<'y. The kin^r |,;i(| ^.iv,,,, then; considcnil)lc hmded i.roi)erty in AarioiM parts of the country, tht^ revenues of which estates were to he enV j)loyed either for the conversion (.f the heathen in i^vvw.m] or for certain trihes in particular oi- lo aid in the instruction ..f the ch-hh-en of (he colony. These seirrniories ,,| landed «.stat(^s, wljicii ace now cstiniat.ed as hein,i,' wortli more ti»an .1 niilhon, were then I Mit very little (explor- ed. The (piit-rciits paid hy the c.»py-hol(stles for having i)atiun(lation of the mission. The following one is missinir and it is not known what lias heeomeof it. In the Rrchives at Chic(.utirni, however, is to ]„. f<,un. Father (;.«piart who cojumenced this hist series luis inscribed on thelirst pag(^ th.^ following touching aj)p(.al : " I pray all tho.se who shall in future writhe in this book, (»f their cliarity t,o remember him who has CO uniencea it, b.»th i.i their holy Racrilice.s and their prayei-s". 1 iC TADOrSAC Till' otl't'i'iii^s cuiiic fruui various soiircos, as w'.i havo said. The Tiuliaiis mnei" failed t'wi\ ot" carpeting that must liave cost GO livi'cs of h'l-eiicli money. With tliese alms, tlu> Fathers were also able to procun; two large wooden candlesticks, two blank Ijooks, one in which to register the baptisms, the other for registering tJje man-iages ami death.s. They also received four middle-sized jtictures, a large cloth and the bell weighing 1-0 lbs which was hung in 1(117. These poor denizens of the woods jravf? tl le first fruits of their chase : beaver's fat, lean or black, otters, caj'iboo and (?lk skins, martens, Mpotted skins raw or dressed, goblets and neck- laeesof porcelain. The spottedskins mad«; suixM-b altar fronts and the missionaries were very proud of them. One Indian would offer twenty l)eavei*s in satisfaction for some fault. Another would give a tent consiNting of eight «.aiiboo skins wh(>re- with to c«>\er IIm' Papinacliois church. In ItiTO, ' ~.:swg.im^mMw» ^ TADOUSAC J 47 ^'l><' Ai,<.on,,ui,i Indians Hvom Tluve-J|iveHvers and a dressed skiu in order to repair the scandal he has caused hy l.Hvi,.;, l.is !<..{. tnnate wife. Here is an<,tl,er one who lays two otter skins at the Fathers feet in reparation of '•Hvu.g cut down a cross on the river. This s(.rt of penance was ^ ery efficacious. So.netin.es fun,.ral om.riM.i,^s are the more numerous. A chief presents two rohes to the I^Hke chapel, in ren.e.nhrance of his twodcceas- •Hl },rothers wlu, were huried in the cen.etery A poor nmther at her chip's funeral would cover the coflin with p.-esents. Thf,se off(.riM.^s 'W-^^ very numerous. Widows would offer <.n the < eath of their husbands the guns of which the deceased had made use when lmntiu<. At 'another time, a whole trilx. would iAak^ some puhhc offering to the church in order that an •'xiK.htion nnght k. fortunate. The Pa,,ina<.hois >v.shu,g to have a l,ell ana/,ire, a grtsit Quebec merchant, to wjiopi foi- a loJi.ij; tinu; tlu^ riglit «)f tradin;^ luid been concechHl, (iistin; we to mention a1J tlie pious f -M^Mmiimmimmmmnmm^ ■ TA nous AC 149 I rrturn i-ultural finuMiis, Qiu'Ikh' riL!;lil- of -d hiin- \y neon •tion of Chicou- Among lUiies of a F(M-t<'', >, (le la superior director huni)>le of these lie exac- l donors, twenty ?, churoli e would »o pious W(nuen wlio g«>iierously fojjowod lier e\aiii])l«!. Tli<^ Trsuline and Hospital nuns (jf Que hoc and iMnie d'Aillehoust kept tiie linen in repair, made the llowers destined for the decoration of the sanctuniies, prepared delicacies for the sick and made clothing for the poor. Sinndar alms too arrived even from France. The Augustinian and Benedictine nuns from Arras, the Ursu- lines from Amiens, the Ladies of Peace, sent boxes of heads, trinkets, statues, pictu?-es and relics. A touching incident is recorded: l)urinll to the north- ern missions. Similar gifts were made three or four times. Certainly, with all these donations, there must have been considerable treasure in the Saguenay churches. We here give a list of what belonged to the chapel when Father F. Orepieul came to take charge of the Tadousac mission in 1071, an inventory having l>een made exj)ressly : An oil painting tlwit could servtNisan altar frontal, on which were depicted all the instru- ments of the Passion. A complete set of altar-furniture in vajie- gated silk, consisting of a higly-tinished cha- suble, an altai'-frontal, veil, bours(^, a humeral vvi\y a carpet, a larg(* supei'-frontal, two large pieces of hangings witli curtains and fringes. A piece of vod linen to wrap up the above named, a ]>ali. .V i-ensei', with its incense-l)oat „;!(,'i'.i!'iUWi TADOUSAO 151 find brass spoon. An altar-frontal of tloworcd stuff to match the drugget. A }uim«M-al veil of figured satin which hangs over tlui altar-picturo of the ci-ucitixion. Four pictures painted on copper with their fivainos. Two sinallei- pictures on wood. A wooden crucifix for processions and internients. Tw(j brass candlesticks. Two lar<'e p.eces of Berganio tapestry. Two new window- blinds. A fine pai)ei' spotted with crosses which the Father sent to cover the altar. A surplice. A square cap, A lai'ge coffer (i). In time these treasui-es increased, and the fiumble annalists of those days take a certain })leasure in yearly enumerating them, going into minutest details. First they mention the vest- ments, the chasubles, the stoles, the manii)les, the flowered bourses ornamented with gold or silk braid, fine albs trinnned with lace, amices, fine linen communion-cloths, corporals, purifi- cators, flowered humeral veils bordered with gold-braid, ciboi-iums, cruets, candle-sticks, tapers, copper holy-watth, IfiTl, M. S. at (^Mrl>oc Svminan. ?w^ '"BJIH 152 TAD0U8AC the church are hunj^; with Bergamo tapestry, red ratteen lace or splendid wild-beast skins. To each chapel was attached a residence and a garden. These presbyteries were by no means princely, l)ut it appeal's that they always contained a great collection of rude carpenter's tools and agricultural implements. The mission ofStCharlesof Metabetchouan on Lake St John was the most favored. The annalist complacently gives us a list of all the tools deposited there, large and small planets of all sorts, chisels, hold-fasts, gouges, bevelling chisels, centre bits, hatchets, pairs of conipasses, pincers, worxl-saws. They even possessed a corn-mill made by an Englishman and which Mons. de 8t (Jermain had procured for them. Tn 1G81, MSl', the house at Chicoutinii was },urnt down and Father Dahnas who had }>eeu residing there took, refuge at the Lake farm. hi 1728, a new church was erected on the picturesque slopes of Chicoutinii and it was there that the scattered reu.nants of the MV-ta- betchouan neophytes were afterwards collected together. Father Laure's journal tells us h<,w the cross on the new steeple - was saluted with 33 martens by all the Indians and how they (1) All old Froiich iiaasiurf, Uii TAOOUSAO wcii'ft j)art.iculnrly cliai-ined with ilii! ax^k ". Tt has been written soniewherc that this fhui-<-h wjvs huilt on thx^ vi'vy spot wlierc. Jaciiics Cai'- tier had encamped, when lie made his joiii-ney to tlie Upper Saj/uenay. Tliis is pur«;1y le«;en- dary, since neither facts n!>r any reHaUU- history ))ear out the assertion. Mons. Arthur Jiiiies, in his lumk on tlie .Saguenay, (i) writes : " At a short distance from tlie saw-mill at Chicoutimi there was still to be seen, a few years aijo, the old mission chapel l)uilt by Father Laure in 172S;it was bending beneath the winght of years. It was 25 feet long by 15 wide and was built on an etninence overlooking the basin which is at the foot of the falls of the Chicoutimi river. This relic had most touching souvenirs attached to it. Strangers landing at Chicoutimi wcmld hasten to see it, and those who knew something of the old Canadian mis- sions, whatever might be their owji form of faith, did not forget to gather up fi-agments of p, ln'>. TADOUSAC 155 tlu? stont^s, i^c, l)el(>iijLfin)u; t«> the thajH'l, that tluty inij^lit miry .away a .souvenir of it. Th« toinbstoiH' (»f FatluM" Citiiuiut, wlindiedat Chi- t'outinii, ill 1705, was ill in pico's, hut some parts of thfi Latin inscri})tioii could still ])o dis- tiii<^uishod (I). Si»ni(^ of thn s( a-ca])taiiis sooiiu'cl particularly anxious to collect those remains of a peri(Kl coniparatively recent, hut which already seemed distant. The roijistors, the church-l>ooks, the pictures, stones with in- scriptions have been lost, for they were left at the mercy of every one in the open chajK!!. (I) This toiiib-Hlone l)ore the followinjf insciiiitioii: T re in '•win in Dfi jiKh'chnn hl<" in xllfntio tnnrth' I'.rvi'clnt It. I'. C. (iod : Cor- (/unrt e Siieii' J. prfuhjitcr Mmitniienx : Sj/lriciil : Miioiion: Ohiit Shekuti imiii J \' noiui Jul : an /7'W. (This note was foiuid in a iMivimscnjit hcloiiifini^ to .Moiisiciir Fauc'hev, foniu'rl_\ jmrish-prifst of I.othini^re, aufl we arc imlf.'lit- ee seen that, in 17!)'?, the remains of Father ('ocpiart were exJiunied. This >vas done hy Monsieur Jean .Juste Hoy, at Ihat time r of the t^uehec .Seminary, to whom during? the holidays was entrusted the task of \ isitin<_r the PiiufcKdu lioi (Royal tradin}:f-posts). (For this note, we are indebted to the kindness of Ahhc^ Victor Huart), 1 :.(•, TADOUSAC Micluiux, a trl('))rat<'(l FrctK-h holanist, ut tlu' (Mid of lust ('(Mitiny, witli n \ i«'Nv of inukiii;; n collection of North Aiuoricun plants and Mowers, went u]> tht; Sa hisliop's palace. This is now all that remain, of the l)uil(hii,<,r which heretofoie, for nearly a cen- tury, had sheltered the Montas^nais neophytes who MOW have nearly entirely «lisai.p;-ir- od (I). More fortunate than her pnmder rival at Chicoutimi the villa<,'(« of Tadousac has pte- Herved her old cha})el. It stands on the sunnnit of the steep sts, had paid the expenses of building the church at the Jeremiah rslands. it. was to tins lnt«'ndant Hoeipiart that 'I'adousac was indebted for tlie })lanlvs, shingles and all the nails useil in the construction of ii,^ sanctuary. Wishing to acknowledge this muniticence, Fathei" Ootjuart undertook, f(»r hiniseilf and his .successors, thai Mass fthould be .said on St Aune's day, in Mons. lloc(iuart's intentiiui, an long as the church (vvisted. The following year, lloc(|uart (1) FuMiL-r (."i)|ii;ul's .louniol lADOl .SAO 159 h(> ••oMtiniKMl his jrlfts, und (Mi.lowod t.l.f^ inissioiuuy Willi 300 iivrvs {uinu.illy for the use of th<' chuivli. His suoccHHor, liitrMtiaut iii/^'ot, .lid not wis!) to 1)0 out(th, 17:)0, tin- church was coni- ph'toly linishcd an(n'(»ftho Council at l^ut3l)cc arifl Kin;,''s Cominissioncr. The new farniei- of th.^ posts, Mons. Hazcur, who had n<.( «\xpcndcd a c.tpjx.r on this edifice, found means '►t' getting himself {.aid its full value as well as thB price of vestments f(»r it. We may heallow- i'd to imngine that IJigot received somegraliH- cation on accuuift of (his extraonlimuy reim- hursement. Some years ago, whilst /j\(^aranee. The setekei" aftei" the arehiteetural Ix-auties <»r the aroheolo^i.st will find neithei- slender towers nor the majestic; poi'tieos nor tlie haimoniously dis- posed areades to be found in ^'othic teinj)les. These simple people, who lived by tlieii- hunting rtiul their Hshing, attached no glory to raising (i) .lesii Hoininl Sahator. TADOU.SAC; 101 imposin;^ ediliccs. Cyapit;ils ;iimI jnlastcrs, fcs t(«ms (»i- mouulin^s, {'duM tlicy, wvvr they, to 1«> r(ini|)fii-«'(l with tlcxihlc Itiirli hui'k ujhI f i .itf I'ant crdar wood? To tlj<> Iiidiuii who mad«' Ids dw«'lli?ii( in his caiior turinMl oxcj- and whose solo j)illow was fi'jMjiu'ntly tlu' sand of tlie sea- shore, the most siinj)le edifice aj>j)eai-ed a niar- \el, it' »»nly it were Imih in the I'Airopean nian- ni'i'. Tile Tadoiisac elujrch is a \ej'y sinijth^ sti'iu- hu"e. It is in tlie shape«)t'a |>....alleljL,' Hnislted off in a semi-circle t.owai'ds tlie east The fat^ade oNcr- looks the i)ay. Vvediment, in which is a larjije window , t lie \ iew is siij)er)). The loof which is \ery hi^i^h-pitclnud is surmounted hy a very huinl)le tower whore hanys the Im*!! which luis seen nearly three tent u lies of service, the saine hell tho sound of which the Indians so lo\ cd in 1017 an architectural ornamentation. The walls, madt^ of stilid blocks of cedar, for- merly w'hite-waslied, ai'(^ now covered with connnon pajKninj^, in no way i<^calliiig the drugf^et tapestry which was so enthusiastically admired by the Tadousac Indians, two centuries previously. Ilavinu; been f(»r a long tim<' aban"t, has been ornamented with gently curved eaves. This is out of taste. What can be said in favor of the miserable gallery which overshadows the nave or tht^ mcftn little sacristy which shuts oif a part of the apse and spoils its graceful form 1 TADOUSAC 1()3 old .rioiis licli M of will has iiveH. 'iivor stho ts oif II Thcv have nwuh; a <;ieat mistake in trvinn' t rosturo this old huihanfj; and givo it a iiiodn- aspect. It Avould have been better not t(» iiavo atteinptwl iej)airin<^ the ravages (»t' time. But l into which the Ttuloiisuc e' hud failcK. A Mciilrful tfi'Mtliiimii. Thoiiia« i». Kin^, iiiudu iiii tiu|ir.s( aitpnil to his ffUow-citizuiis ( f Hrilish uriKiii. Ho imMishcil a i>aiin>hUt i\i whkh hi- aHkcd them tonittkt' a siihsciiittion in aid of tlie restoration of this lelic of the past. This zealous ant i(|uaiiairs appeal was iH'spoiide)lleeied sutficiuht money lo enah': him loeiear th;- ei-nielen whieh was almost entirely neglectvu. August 7lf», !»«•', a erosi eiifhtceii feet hi^h was ere'tt d there. <1 104 TADOUSAC IxH'u sung in tlie dialrctsof ;ill iho. tribes, t<» the noitli and scuitli of tlie Lower St Lawreiu'c. < )n St Anne's day, the whole paiisli Hocks to the i-ustie sanetiiary to assist at the Mass wliieli is said l)y tlie .Jesuits' sueeessors, for the inten- tion of Intendant Hoe(|uai*t, in fultihnent ol" tlie promise made two hun(h-ed and forty years previously by Fathei- Co([uai't. The congrega- tion throngs around the editice, the door of which is left open to enable them to sv.ii the ))riest at the altar. And, on the blue wa\es of the river, the fisliermen who are entering thi; port respectfully uncover their heads on hear- ing the silvery sound of the king's bell. Tt is thus that the little chapel still raises its head on the Tadousac dills, serving as a link to unite one generation with anothei- and thus t<» hand down in future ages the Instory of the glorious mission work peiformed dining tw(t centuries. J^e he pi(»us [lilgi'im or incjiuring tonr-ist, whoever lands on tlu^ Tad(»usac shore and visits this venerabh' rr.in, should take care that tde preciously guarded relics which are preserved TADOrSAn 1 en MUM-O .should ),,. shewn to hil!'. Ainoii;^. th.'S,", tliciv art' suiiH' pjiiiitiiin^s of thr ('i^dit«'«'iith ccn- turv wliicli iii(«iit Htlrntioii. A J^nttnifufiu,, nf MiU'ii in thr Tii„i,h- is siir|,(.(j with tlu! name (»t" I5euu\jiis and Ix-uis ihedate, 1747. This H.-au v;us was t iir son (,f a ndchnitcd ctiiftavci- and has h'ft s(MiH' pictun-s which aiv much thou.ulit <>f ; 'J'hc Mnrr'nn/r of LunU XVI n,„l A/un- Anfoi ti'-ff^' and the /hrf/, of Louis XVI J. The pi.-tuiv to the left lias no name si^nied, hut is vcrv (.Id Tlic sui.Jcct is well known. It is a (iuai-(han Ano;(.I conductin< nivsHfd Vin/in and .SV Clinrhs fiorronno were give to the missionary Fatlier Maurice hy the Jesuit Father I >upJessi.s, All these p;iint - ings.latefrtjjn the first Jesuit missions, and were l>i-..ui;hl from F»'anc,e, as was also the little Way of the Cross jii-eser\>H.l in the(') TADOUSAC of this t'liurch's treasiiips is an Jnfidif ./fsus in wax, sjiid to have Ixhmi ])ii's<'iite(| .irid lias V(;i'V i«'«l ihct'lvs for his ajjrt'. < Mj thr altai- arr two r«'li(|uari<'M liearin*^ thci dsiti" of ITtli, and the viA'u-s of St Clement and Saint l^iudentia aiv- «'\|>os('d in tlu'hi. in the suci'isty may Ix* scmmi some old Wooden candlesticks, ron know th.it the .Jesuits <»fteii en) ployed their Icisni'e time in doitig the Inunhlest sorts of work. Thus Fathej- Maurice, in 17-IS, gave the iirsl stroke of the axe to the j)iet!es of wo )d which were to he em})ioyed in the con- stjuction of thc! Chicoutinii chapel, h is he who painted the altar-screen, the ceiling. an- rioi- of his house with liis Dwn hands foi- the henetit, he writes, ot those who succeetl him, asking them to pr.iy foi* iiim anti wishing thi-m TADOUSAC Ki >( a «(uit'tcr litV. [n 1744, we tiixi him ;i«;Hiu ,il the Seven FsIjukIs, where he was seeiii;; to the S(|U}iiiii<,' <>f tht^ tiiiihei- f«»r tjie chjij»el. He went into the deptli.s of the forests and wieldrd the axe in order to encou?'H;;;e his workmen and to have the ettnsohition of has in^' j>ut his liand to the work liimself (i). All thtise i)ions souvenirs <»f tiie Tadousae chapel are under (heehai-ge of the parish j)riest. lie knows the value, of them and heroes, each one of whom is himself a i-ctsume of a whole period and of the la) H >r. l>erf oriuei 1 l.v t wen ly or more o f h IS eompaiuons. The Mitrmacs (»f Acadia lia\c kepi tlie j)atriarch Maillai-d in (iternul remembrance, the old Ahenaijuis tribes of Maine still recall the memory of H.isla tlie martyr, iho planteis of the Ti(»usiana hayous take ofF their liats reverently at the name of the missionary Auhry, TAlJurSAC !(;:» ;uul the jiowrrt'ul nicr (Iwclliii^r on tlic Lowci St liawionci' has not tori^^iUcii (In- Jesuit KatlMT .It'jiii |i;i|,fist,. (!<' la iJicssr. Of all (jir inissioiiaii»'s w ho lia\c cxciciscd tjicir aj>osth'- shiiM.n tho San;u(!iiay sinMvs and in (he (liilf re^^ioiis, it i,>. ]w, who has left hcliiiKJ jiim tin* most livtily rcnu'inlnainc and who is l is still sjxiken of. Tlie lislicrnian taking uj) his nets, tho woodman returning; fati^auul witli jiis day's toil, the jn»»ther Iwsiile her child's cradle, the hunter dui-in;i (he lonelo\e|»ul;itiuu of tlic (iulf, l-'.-itlu'ide la llrossc* foiins a soil of ki-ysluiic to tlu' arch so lal)orioiislv (M*«'ft«*(l l)\ tlu^ sous ot Loyola (luring' llic spai'c i>t" t\v«» cciiturit^s. VV'«» }ti\(' l»olli the simph* history ami tl <;il days, liavinii Ix'CM in Canada II years, 10 " months and r> days, tliis country havin<,' l.ccn "subject to the Kurdish rule for o years, M) "months and 'J days ". l)uiini,' an uninteiiuj>ted jK'iiod of sixteen years Father dv la Brosse with mdefati^cahle zeal traversed the Monta«(nais lnintin<; .<,'rounds in every direction, erectinriiit.er recoi-d the wonderful lomdMM' of hooks, mammmmmm TA not SAC priiiKMs, tNitcrliisiiis, caldiidurs, winch lie an-.-mti' I'd and )ia<] })uWlis)i('(I in MoDtai^niais and Ah)'na(iiiis ididins, i\)v tlic use ufhis ncijihyti's. He Iranslatcd l\u' i^'nta;L>'nais Ian ;;na^t' 1m' tianslat<'d ini<» that idi ini all the {''rcncli \\ri(in;as ot' liis jn'('(h'oe.s.s<»rs annt' \i im.-cssant lal>o?\ lu* ss'tlidirw f(»i' a time to tlic island of (Micaiis, \\ hci*' ho worked at his Montaijnais dictionary which he had founncnccd on Ins ai rival at 'I'achMisac, !<■' Ol' lixc years more lie continued this I'etiediil in<"- like nnd«M taking', in the nddst of the most ]»ei-iloiis journi'vni-^s ai siijostolical lalxji's. tl le most arduous The ()hlatc l"'athers, who aie now in eharu't >» IS- of the northern missions, are said still to j s(^-rked for so man\' vears. Th greater [»ari of i he reli<;ions hooks still in us«.' TAD0U8AC 173 auitHi,i( i]u' iMontiigimis svcit \vii(t<'ii l>v )iiin, 'IMm* liil»Ii<»«;iii{)Ii(M's iii>\v \ if will) racli otlicr ill scciiriiiu tli«' j)i'iiiiiii\(M'(litioiis nf tlu' liuniMr inissioiwiry's works. TIk; iiichhishop's lihi-aiv ;it Qii(»l)('c (•(Hitaiiis a (Mipy of dfla IJiussc'.s prinitT, juintcd in 17^7. His caU'chiMa and ]»ray«'i- l)!>ok art' cxtn'niely i-ai-c, oniy fi\e cojiic^ h.'iiig known to «5xist. The good Fatlicr df la. llrossc, of a ij^-.iy disposition and j)osscssin;j; i-eady wit, indulgi'd from tiiiic lo time in jest and clcNfr I'cjtai-h'cs. Ilt^siirnt'd his catcicliisin vvitli his Indian iiaino TshitHtlisiiJiiifitiL which n»i>ans litei-ally In'otmi or hi-K.sh (i). In his compilation of his pfcdcccssors' writin*,' he has inad<> inai'<;inal notes which arc s(nnctiineH soiiu'wivat sovcic. lie excuses him- self hy saying that he makes these remarks not through ill nature nor to show his wit, Inil in order t<» was 'i the readtM" against certain errors to l..- net with. " 1 only make icmarks, he adds, o,. faults of grammar, leaving aside faults ill spelling which the heginners should (i) {lUiiHK' is lln- Kii'iK li for linisli). mK^rngmmm 171 TADOUSAC s(,iii/rtip/iirii ciii hirifnritfrs Ktmh nt ff iitnan iit- sipirnff's hci/liijii lit. h isutifortuiuite that Lit in, that laiiLjuaLf*' so pr^MMuiniMit tor piain-sjH'akinLf, (lui's not allow us to rt'jirod'ic ' this ini^enitnis comparison intact. It was usficss foi- this ;;oo<[ Father to deny ha\in;^ any ;4icat clcvenioss, t'of many auecdotos cfhis caustic wit aj'e n'oord ( )n one oc< asion '\licn he was stavin 'I ty which i-(jin)- |»erty, these m»ntlemen intruded e\(-|-v,\here arc! at all hours 'i'ln'y cM-n carried tlieir want of consideration so far as to make endless visits to the nnssiiMuiry, on whom they intlicted a serirs of the nxist stupid ijuestions imas^inahh*. Kather de la. I5r<»,ss<', busily enir!V^'«'odness in liis heart : he wiote the following' Hues which he fastened to his rlostd do(»r: Wlu'ii 11 iiiiin's Umh\ "tiM roolly not wisw, T indict Oh liini visits a.s loiif.-rs havp (lone; I'd iiliiiosi ;\» lift (liat (lifv'd pill out my im es. As lo s|Khil idle liiiK' ill |»ayii ;< nit or<.> (i). Tliese \('rs(!s had th<' d«'sired »'llr(t on tin- iiii|»orttinat.e \isit«»rs who, llMdiiii; themselves Unwt^htHiie everywhei.', relieved Chicoutii'd from their disa,!jjr«;eal)h an »»ld post of Chicoutimi has heeii transmitted in inoic (i) A free traiixlutioii of Kathtr rli- la Urosso's lines; Pour nil liinimi' occvi|»iS, Hon (to <^,\^\s «nniiyoux ijMic df i-fiis l(|ual•t, also made tlu^ shor<'s of t.lni Ijower St Lawrenee rt^souiu! witli the echoes of Iiis muse. In 17-")7, his i)j'other who was Mayarticular ly at Tadousac where* he had made his head- ([uartei's. }lis inHuence sjuead everywhere that the caprices of conmuMve and tiade luul caused posts to he established on tiie mu-th shore. He niov(>d ahout incessantly anionir the I'ude tisliei-men and the chiNh'eii oi the forest, (i) Soo .Mtfiiii-rril" ih' i^ni'lii-r, mi|. Mil. .Vlim-li l-ili, 17;'>7 TAnursAC ( I u<»Mf«'Ksiii<^ uiid l)!H»ti/.iii;^ t.licm .ind H'inliiii;^ tlM'Ui t,ln' (luitjiiu- (if (,li«* M- Uf».s, at Kst;«)miiaiiis, at IIk; .Jercmiali islands, at S»'vcM Islands wlic.ro lu' ostahlislicd a scliool and at, his <»\vn fXjK'nst' relmilt tin cliuicli which FatluM' ('n nv- eourd of tlu» riinu's of th<' riird to them the first ; for no missionary hati previous ly Ihhmi al)le to |M!notrate to this trilnv The Naska{)is were vm'y Miu<*h »ttachc»| fo tlieir sup«-ri*stitions any his faith and /«'al, raiiu' to tho Fatht'C and spoke i>t him. sointnvhat as follows. '• Fatlier., the \aska)»is hav<' no lonj^<'i' any oais ; hu! tliey still have got eyos. '' W'cl! ! I'cplit'd llic Fatiicr. what must we slu»w' to t hcst.' ji >oi" people? 1 myx'lf 'io not: know ; Init, it" you could only [n'l'fi'ini soni ' iniia-lf h.'forc tlu'in, they w'(»uld open their eye^ and ncc. " l>ut I hivt! ri > p »wer I t p.'i[iiiin mirarh's ; that, power heljiigs to (;i»d alone. '•What you say is trui* : hut (Jod soaie' tiuu^s l>estow's thai |)owt'i' : you ha\e often spoken to us of mira"jle> p'tforaied \ty the apostles and othec saints. " It is t I'Ue 1 aiu an ap t-tle ; hut, for all thai 1 am only a poor sinner. l>esidesyou know what ( >ui- L Old i-eplied lo those who asked a luiiaele of liiiii ; " <»od do(\'< not \<)U<'hsafe lui- raeles io tho.s«' who ask for them ". 'I' A Do ISA (; ■"» Til.. Ii„li;u, ivll...-lr.| H short tiiu,.,tM.|tlH'I. r<»|>)ienth xn>nkf ; i^wrs one feh as if some .ahimity were im|..'n«h'ng. Towards n.H»n the f)am.>s nnpelh.l by the wind and pl.-nt ifulb hy[ by •wan ISU •l•AD()U^>iAC the dry Iruvcs uixl hranclics, ('umiiiriKcd tn cratkh' iimnii;^ the tall lit-trct's and mciwurd the oal)iiis with (htstrialioii. T\w Mdiita^'nais and Naskapis bcf^aii rcinoN in;; tlu'ii- hclon^dn^'s out (tf tlx'ii' lud.s and vvtM«' hastonin^j towards a swainpv ch'ajinu lu'ai tlic Lak<*, wh»Mi Fatlicr dt' la Ih-ossc, who was in tiu; midst anied tlie Katlier towards the destructive element. Having arri\e(l at a ccrlain distance from the cabins, the missionary took a stick and traeeil a liiu' t»f demarcation, forbitldin^ the fire t's work w;is n..t, con- fined to th«i missions iti the north oast. Fvuux llu' tinio of tile sad diownirii; of the Ue.-oljft Father Anil)i(»ise HouiiJar*}, who had ohar^r (.f the faithfid on the ri^dit shore (.f tJu' St Lawretiee, all that stretch <»f <-ountry had been witlidut any teli^dous succor, so lo speak. In 1771, Father de la Hrosse iindertcM.k todivid(. his time l)(^twe«Mi these unfortunate spiritual orphans anct his own Montai^nais neophytes. From that time foi-ward h«^ mi^dit he seen, <• very year, alt.M-nately travellin^r alon^' th(i t wo shore.-s of the river. The, French of Cacouna, He-Verto, Trois-Pist<.les, lliniouski, the Miomacs of Unit, dt>s Chaleurs and Uisti.L,'. niche, the .\cadians of (I) Wf h.iM- I ik.-i, rilis n.ii^e recital from il„. /••,„■,•*/ .V,-* y»tiaid, did not the i'e)L;isters of the nuinei'ous |)laees he visited faithfully r'ecord his }>assai;<'. He ha>^ himself left a recoi'd of his wander-in<;s \vi-itter» in Latin, wher-ein lut simply and unostentatiously states what he has done. A cf»py of this itinerary is pieeiously pr*eserved in the ar'ohi\es of the Quehee arehiepiseopal palae*', hut unfor-t unately there ar-e Imt fra<,' ments of it remairiin;,' and it hr'eaks off sudden- ly five years hefor-(» tlie missionary's death. ►Such is tlie sinipU* history of this apostle who riiod«;stly called hinrself '' t he 2 1st j>astor' of the Montai,'nais Indians in the |»osts of the king's domrins, of the Society of Jesus ". IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I m 11^ ''' IIIIIM J: illM If m 111^ II 2.2 1 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 < 6" — ► at V] ^m 01 m .">.' ^L, 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i A £P &»■ >■?♦ 184 TA nous AC FntlitM' (le la B''osse dierl at T;ul(>usac its(^lt', April llth, 1782, and the next day the parish-j.riest of De aux Coudros, JNIoiis. C<»m- paiii, buiicd liim in the luission-oljapel where sixteen years })revi«>usly he had for the first time y)reaohed the gospel to the Montagnais. Tn the flooring of the sanctuary above his cofHii, an opening was made in the shape of a C'i'oss, and for a long time aftei- his death, the Indians who went up or down the Saguenay, would never pass the port of Taro8se luwl TADOUSAC 185 aeciuirod ;ui exti-aonliiKiry leimtatioii of sanc- tity. He even passcul fui- haviiij,' the i^ift of prophecy. Tliore is tlierefore notliin*,' astoiiisli- ing that tlie siinple-niinded jxtpnlatioiis of those primitive times have surrounded his death witli legendary circumstances which are still related ar-ound the winter hearth. \Mien Father do. la Brosse died, say the old tales, the l)ells in all the churches h(^ had served from Bay des Chaleurs up to tlie heml of the Saguenay rang out the tleath knell, with- out human inters ention. By an inspiration from on High all those who heai'd the tollin<' said at once : " Our good Father de la Brosse is dead, he said aright, when on his last visit to us, he told us that we luul seen him for the last time, that he would visit our mission non»ore"I To makf^ the e\'ent still more solenui, it is said that the missionary died precisely at mid- nigld. It is easy to understand how this pass- ing-bell sounding during the calm night must have struck the native Indians with ast<»nish ment. At least twenty witnesses aie cited b^ai uig testimony to this occurrence. After all 186 TAIJOUSAC Ofxl may liavc conimatided the aii<^1Is of eertain Canadian missions lia\(; l>ecn endowi^l, for one day, witli thc! marv(;llous power of announ«ring the d(^ath of apDor missiojiary, inthesanu; way as tlie famous l)ell at Villela us fui knell to ajinounce the death of F(U'dina,nd the Catholic. The legend goes on to sav that Father do la lintsse prophecied the hour of liis death. Ahlx'i Casgi-ain hax writ.t(Mi a n»ost touehing ao c >unt of what he g.itluM'ed from the islanders of lie aux Coudr.'s. We have great pleasure in i;ivinril llth, he says, Mons. ('otnpain, then parish-priest of He aux (^judres, was passing the evening alone in his room. After having nv'ited his hreviary, said his evening prayers ami r^nid his allotted portion, TADOUSAC 1.S7 lu! was .|ui('tly studying l)y tlie liglit of his l.un[), wluMi su(l(l(!iily,al)i)Ui midiiii^lit, thcsuund of a bell struck on liis ear rinj^'inj^' amid the sih^nce of the night. Filled with astonishment lie at first tiiought himself tlie victim of a i illusion, and approaching the window listened attentively. It was indeed the ehapfO-h 11 ring- ing a passing-hell. Mons. Compain went forth from his presbytery and \\h\ bell continued to ring. He entered the chai)el ant wh(M*o he liafl l);*(»ti told to wait. " What had been passint^ all this time at Tadousac { Fat,her dc la Jirossc had for sonu! tinu" hiMMi on a mission there and was awaiting t'l.' arrival of the Indians whom thii opening of the navigation W(ndd soon see Hocking there from tlui interior. Their canoes laden with furs w,>uld ck was the centre of an activity and an a 11 )unt of trading that contrasted strangely with its s ►litary and desolate aspect during the r 'st of the year. The sands of the shore were overetl with long tiles of bark canoes. On the hill-slope the cahiiHof tho Indians wei'e erected o.i;^ ah )ve the other forming an irregular village m >stly hvdonging to the Montagnais tribes. The })ort of Tadousac was tlnui also tilled with TADOUSAC 1)^!) luaiiiiei-s frctni Ixwoiid tlw. st'a, wIki Umdicil "■ Whilst tlir fui-tnul(M-s were iiuikiiii' tlicir harvest iji(( for the l)e,n(;tit of tlu; great of this woild, FatluM- (1«' la IJrossc was s of this world. " Tradition has preserved all the details of his last iiioiiieuts, the circumstances of which were, indeed, of a nature to strike every one. " On the eve of his death, Fathei- de la jJrosse appeared to Ix^ in perfect liealth. lie was a large r<>])ust, white haired old man, with an ascetic-looking face and inspired speech. "During all the day h«' iiad been fulfilling the duties of liis ministry, confessing, l)aptizing and praying as usual in the Tadousac cliapel. " At night-fall, Ik-, w(>nt to take a few hours' recreation at the house of one of the otiicers of the post. He was as gay and agreeable as ever ; lie even played a few games of cards with his hosts. Towards nine o'clock he prt^par- ed to leave. "After haxing s;iid good <'veHiii<^' to every ■I 1 1)0 TADOUHAC oMc lie was silent f(»r ;i iiiomciit jiikI tlicn, in a stilciim lone, said : '* My frit'inls, I 1)1(1 you fait^wcll, t';uv\\ d! until <'t<'i-iiity, for y(^u will not again sfc inr in lif<^ This V(U'V r\«'ninit at niiilnii'lit / sJmll !»' a <'or/isi'. At that \('»-y houi", you will lu^ar niy chaju'l hell rin<; : it will aiinouni'C my dtsith. If you do not 1h>1iov(; it you can conif and ascert- ;i,in tlu' fact for yi>urselvf;s. lUit T ask of you not to touch Tuy body. To morrow, you vvill j^k to He aux Coudres to fetch Mons. Oouipain to e!ishi\»U(l me and perform the rit(;s of sepultuie. You will fhid him waiting at the end of that island. Do not fear to embark, whatever mav he tlie weather. I answer for the safety of tho!- e who set out on this journey th ''At first they thought that the Father was jesting, but ho insisted on what he had saiil wiih such an air of convictit>n and of au- thority that there was no I'oom left for doubt. '* One of the men eniployed sit the post remonstrated with him, saying : " Fathci-, ytni appear to be in perfect health aiul your face TAlJOl'HAC I'.ll shows n<» sign of suiV«-rin<<. ilow (Ikmi can you believe your end to he so ni^fh ? " INly child, he icj.Hcil, hy the <'iiell began to sound. " With one accord, they all rone and, im- pelled by sudden fear, hastened to the chapel. They entered. " }iy the faint light of the sanctuary lamj. tliey perceived Father de hi l:Jrosse's lilack robe in the choir. He was stretched motionless on the ground, his face bowed down on his claspM|>ulat ion of iiidiatis .likI whiles nishc! t'lthr fliuptO. KfU'li oiH' wislu'd l<» jL^a/.i' oik-c iiioi-,' on tlui suiiit wliu Wits st frtclicd Im'JuI'c I hem lifeless. No one (lare(| (oiieli iiiiii. W il.li inin^^led f(^el- in^s of p^rief and admiration tliey nja/.ed on liini, pi'iiyed and in\(il\«Ml him. 'I'eaj-s iloucd fiom every ey«'. " hill in'' (he uliole dav, llie (;i'o\vd silent- \y eame and went in tlie ehajtel, they not lu'lnj.; al>h' to tear tlieniselves from the si^^dit of (lie Itoly missionary who liad so often niado that very sanetuai-y resound with his hrillant. and touehini^ e.\h(»it.ations. The I nchans riMiiain- eil thei'o niotionltiss for hours, one iln^^er |)ressed to tlieii' lips, expressinij; hy this Lfesture thai, no words couhl n the evening of that .sfune day, he hmded at Tadousac ". Such is the marvellous legend which is I'.M TADOfSAr nOalrd l»y llu- \\r uux Ooiulrcs jx'oiih; uiid whii'h is t'o|KNit»Hl constantly hy the colonists on tljc Lower St [^awrencc. Tt is said that/ old soldici's, who have a ihonsand tiincs l)rav(>d dfiatli on the hattlo- lield, wv\'\} wIhui thoy think ihcy may he ol)lij^(»d to topictiin^ to (hrnisi^lvi's that he will fall like a hero at the head (»f his troops. The missionary and the soldiei- resernhh* one another, they are of <»ne family. Their lift^ has Ikmmi similarly of devotedness and saeiifiee and U'«j;end,s love to surround them with a halo of f.cl<»'y' ^^ '^ l"ve this sweet ]M»pular lefjend which makes Father de hi Hrosse diur ancestors have sotirmlv believed in from their very childlKKKl 'i TAIKM'HAC vjn Fjitlicf (h Ifi iJidssc (lid not (H(. ,if i,,i,l. u'u^Ul lit Um; K()liiu«l(^ of llir, sHMctiuiry, ru.r (li«l ho tell tlu! caiiof >n«Mi to ^'o on thrir way tVur- Icssly and f)ravc tin' lonipcst in ordri to sock tliu lit; aux ('oudrcs |)arisli-priest to fnsli nrnd him. J!(-ro is how tlic aulhontic act of scpultun; runs, tcMinr•k of l^^aiJu'f dv la Brosso remains in all its entireness. The (Ireai)iy legend, so long accre- dited, is proved untrue, but time can jiever destroy the me?nory of his works nor of liis ardent ;i.}) On throu>,'h tht- surf the frail lutat speeds, And see, before her prow, The K'iant waves sink down md croueh As if in boma>,'e low. 6 Oalin as (he surface of a lake Sunk deeji mid wooded hills The tiaek spreads out before the boat, The sail a fair breez fills. 7 While all around the angry waves Hear hijj^h t heir foahjv scalps, And frowning han^- like tojiplin:,'' oraj^s, O'er pivsses throut,'h the Al])s. 8 Who sti!le'»USAC \)9 17 " Heaven l.lcsn you " criod the hoJ.v man, " I know your hijjh hehf-st, (UmVs friend, and .voiir s and mini- hiw >i(,i\L' To claim \m weilcfinied rt-st ". 18 rnnioor the boat; spread out (lie .sail, And, o'er a peaceful track, A pi in, in ea^'crHi^ht, the boat Shoots home to TimIoui'Uvc. HI Before the altar, where so oft "e broke the Holy iheiul, ("laspinj^- the well-worn erueifix The priest of (Jwl lay deald ..aim farre llituriied beneath the sanctuary lif,'ht Within that holy place. •21 Happ.v La Hrosse ! to thid for ju.lijre Flim, whom from realms above Thy voice had (tailed to dwell with men A j)nsoner of love ! Tn tho peaceful hamlets borderin^jj the rii^ht hank of the river St Lawrence, for many a ilay will he recounted the simple le^eml of tiie silver o^ohlet which Sieur Hioux had lent to the <;ood Father- and which the latter had pro mised, livitiii; ,)i- doiwl, to rt^turn to him. This goblet was found one ilay on tlie floor of the 200 TAUOUSAC lar^i^e liiill in tlu^ iiiuiior' house, witliout aiiylxwly being ahle to say how it, liail eoinc there. For many a day will the peasants of Tt'ois Piste »l(^s show a look on the <^dge of the sea })earing tlie inipj'iiss of the. knetis and the snoW-slioes of tlie j)o[)ular missionary. l*'or many a day, too, will tlui lie Verte folks speak of tin? miracles wliich he aecomplislied in tli(nr midst. IA>r many a long day will tlu> (Julf sailors, mingling liis mcv nuM-y with tliat of a brave parisli-])riest, relat^i liow he confoiMuhMl the lii'alHitants of Tadousac, when (juestioned on (i) Heo note at end of tli.ajitcr. TADOUSAC 201 tlu^ suhjeet, ahv-ay,^ r,>niuhni\y allin„.,,l that thoy iKul iHnrr iu.tnl oM!,i> tmnslaticn, and they culd rmmnU^v as far h;Arl< as fifty yrars '"• "u.rc. If surh an ovent Imd .akrn phu^o, it could not hnv,, e.m-aped th.-ir attontit.n. In the year (IHSS), rf>Hmrvh,>s w.'r>Mnaiiest stand.. a( (h.-t-oni- niencenwMit of Mass. Since tradition informs u« tliat th(^ ndssionary's l,o,ly was buried und(,r the alfar-steps, oj.positc to the t.al>(M-n,.<-l<-, w,, worn evid(M.tly staruh'n- in the. p.-csenc.. (,f th<^ veno- ••ahh'ren.ains of KatJier do la Hrosse. In this cedar cthn, which was in toicrahl.. preserva- tion, there remained only a few },ones which immediately crumbled int(» followin^r inscription to be placed in the (>},oir of the <,!(! sanctuary where it is still to be .se<'n : 202 T A nous AC />. 0. M. (I, 111 R. P. J. E-3 de la BROSSE, dernier iiiisHiomiairi' jc^siiiti' do T(wlou>*ar, MOUT KN oUKl'R l>K SAINTKTK A i/a<;k I>K ~)S ANS Infiiiiiti- //a US ht I'lKipillc ({,■ Tit((t>ii!<(u\ Qiieiti I'jti'cimi i>i'ile>( emaiji'lizantivin paa'oi. Honi. I. l.'i (i) Translation: To tlie niemoiy ot tJio Kov. Father ,Ioa)i lijiptistp de la Brosse, last Jesuit missionary of Tadousac, who dif 08 vcars and was buriod in th«' chaptd of Tadoiisar, April I'itJj, * Wf Ihink our Kti^lish and Anicricaji ri^adfiM will like to hoar 8oiueMiiiiKi'*i"it. this liiaiUii.til. ih' la Mrnli'd'hu- n'r Mot which witnessed its eommission? For it is well known that CJasi>t5 wreckers have not alwa>s contented themselves with rohhery and v>illa(ie or is this the «.. ehratod Devil's Land mentioned hv the cosmo^jrapher Thcvet where, accoirlinj^ to him, Hoherval (in ir)(i2) abandoned his niece la l)emo\ selle Marjjfuerite with her lover and with her old Norman duenna':" ..Ahht^ Caw l^rain tells a tale about the Braillard in which a had priest became, throujrh Ki'iff, reduced to a skeleton, for hu\iiitf refu.sed to christen a child, who suhserpiently dies should he varvwd off by implacable «..pidemirs. In HITO, forexample, the small-pox decimated Tadousac so that the villa.ire was nearly entirely abandoned. War did the rest. When Champlain arriv- ed in tliis port, he found the Tndiaji natives celebratin- a great victory they had just gained over the Trocjuois. The Tadousacians by p(^r- suading the French to take part in their" long- standing tpiarrels nearly caused the loss of the colony and they themselves finished by paving dear for the vain glory of having gained some passing victories. The Iroquois tracked them mercilessly, in vain did they take n^fug.' in the deepest recesses of their forests and, even at the North s(^a, they were pursu.'d and mas- (0 Oarneaii, v. f. p. 22U, (i) lUlation nm. liOC) TADOUSAC sacred, 'riiiccs (if 1 he savaujo Iioijiiois may l>o fs(! })art.s. Tlic sliorcs (if Lake Hi John have them in eternal rennun- hranee. Two miles ))efon^ < ouiing to St I'Vlicien, one of the most distant parislies of that far-ofF i'e;j;ion, tlie traveUer will })e siir|)iised to learn that a peaceful little river which he is crossin'»'-""">'-^'-^ll''ttnHl(.). The Ks.,ui,naux, in their turn, swanne.|,l(,w„ f.-on, th.'ir lonely htnds in north Labrador and overwhelmed the Mon. ta-nais, eausin^r their nearly comj^Iete ruin. An ancient \v their v.ny f<,un.lations, precij.itatin- hi^h ;"^'«n.tan.s into the sea and CMnpletely d.ang- ini;vt Clii'istian Mi>iita;,MiHis triln^ iTiiiaiuin^. Soiin" of tliciii liv«^ iil r»«'tsiaiiiitos under the charLft* of i1h' < )I)lato Fathrrs : this is tln'ir' jn'iiicipal ((Mitic. Orliers have pitclicd tlicir tents on llif l)anks of Lake St .F»»liii. One, hy o!Hi tlw'V are fallin*,' victitus to that teiTi)>I(' disease, jthf/iisis ; and they are slowly and HtoiVally dyin;,' <»iit. For the last tliirtv veai-s Tad(;iisae has had i;(» other liistory tlian that of th»' patient, hard- \vorkini( settlers who have heen tryin<^ to cul- tivate successfully the sand and uni^rateful soil. There aie some twenty-five farnieis Avho are woi'kino; there, endurint^ ^^reat hardsliip and straining every jierve to succeed. W Imat, rye, barley, oats, peas, are sown there. Some of the land is favorable t<» the ctdtivation of liay arul g(M)d crops of potatoes are eing ortiii;^ht hey arc It IM .S.'Ull i an area ■I'AIIOIISAC L'OII -' M,«>l'l,un.s,,|ivi,|,,|i„t„|o; I, , "'"'"'■ ': """' "••- -Ht f,„. .„ui>, ;„■,;,, " Kn.„t lanns al„„^- M„ „.,..|i,„ „f , '■'7' '';"■":- — .u,.a«,.,.us ,«' Ululcl-Ukc (1,01,1. In IHHK f„,„ ■ The tix«l p„,„,l,„i„„ „f Th,1„„,,,,, ,,„„i "f-.JUs„„lsl„.|,.„«i„;,t., 10(if,u„i|i„, („ ' ■ ''''"'»'-'»'•■■ "un.lH.,- fun,, :th« ,,.„,;,„,„ Al»n,t, „1,,....„ ,u... ,H,.e.,,,i.,,| i„ ,,„... ,,,L;,„: «-l. t.,„l„ ,„.„ Us n,„....„,,,u.,.. , J:; «'•""'' '"'■'"■^ :''■" ""•>■ iK. call,., „„ „rt : 7''r. T'"' ^'- ''■•-""• "f the «s,,.,„.,....,i was a n,s,.t..„tCusU.,„JI„„,, „„,,„,, „/,,;;■;,;;_ (>) In all there are 1>1 l.ousehol.l.s An eT,u.^ , population as follows: •r.farme.x r, „.' '"'"' '''^"'^"^ the . po....naHter a„., U-le.rapl/o..;ul:^/ :^,::';^ l^^^"'-^^'-'^^ •> • < lunii i«iiri(lM ajfent. i^l/gjitiummmgm^^iMtM^ 210 TADOUSAG (Icatli of that, ^ontli'maii ho was not. i'.'j)!aco(l. T\w huiitiM'H form a most intcii^stiiig t-asti^ : wo will sjM'ak of tlu'in furtluM- on. Ai>art from the aiMiliinal saluKtii-hi'fvulintf, Tadousae lias ii(» H|mcial industry, formerly there was a saw-mill, which, it is said, was the tirst of the kind over tistahlished on the shores of the Sai^uenay, hut it exists no loii^^er-. Fia- ro\isse, theencyelopedist, states that atTadousac there is a considerahle trade in woolen mate rials. We must humhly confess that we our- selves hivve never seen a sinjjjle sheep there. Nowhere can tliere ho found a more hos- pital)lt\ art'ahle or courteous peopK^ than those ofTailousac. The live upii^htly and honoiahly, Ueijig content with little. In sununer it is plea.sant enoujj^h liviijjnj there, but in winter there is a teri-ihle feelinuf of isolation. The mail arrives rcLjularly four tinu^s a week, and may Ihj UK>ked on as the oidy amusejuent or distraction that is to l)e had. \Vlien the Nortli wind blows oacli one TADOUHAC L'll n'ti>»'M into his uHI WHn.u.,1 l.uuso uad Mu-rv vrnifs fiatioiitlv. The r(,l„^n-.al ohscM vatioris f<»r tho <"-Mf, th,,., mru.t.h.s of ISS!) and «.,, ,|„.,,. ,^.,, ear- when the north-west wind commences tx)}>low. This i<(. is not solid and hard Uke freshwater ice, hut crumbles away easily in tlu^ rays of the sun. Twice only, iu the n.en.ory of man, has the Na;ruenny opposite Tadousac been covered with a compact sheet of ice. 71,e first tin.e, about twenty-four years a^M,, an ice-bridi^e formed and lasted for a month and a half On a secomj (I) In (hf. winfiT the Sajru,.„a.v is coy^.y,-,] with i.-,. as far aa th. ») 1 '> <^ 1 I-l TADOUHAC oocHsion, alHuit iiftcoii y«Niis h^o, the cnUl sud- denly f«)fiii('«l a pjitli fnmi <>n«> sliorc! to tlio other, whifli path lasted about threi^ weeks. Since tliHt tiuu; the phenouuMion has not recur- red. It has ot'tcMi occurred that vessels setting out fron« Quel)cc hite in the autunni have h«HMi caugljt in tlie i-iver-ice: and forced to take re- fuge in TadiHisac iiarhor*, wliere they have pass- ed llie winter in safety (i). It is one (►f tlie gloricss of Tadousac that in winter its superb l)ay is not covertnl with an icy winding-she<'t, as is often the cjvse witli numy higldy valuable* ports. Those! wlio have tried to solve the problem of winter-navigation on the river St Lawrence have always looked on Tadousac Hay as the great }K)rt of safety for iu>rthern navigatoi's. The hist repoiT of the Que))ec (Jeographical So- ciety contains a letter from the agent of the (i) Amongst of hers wo may cite the Pride of Kmjlnnd which Ciiptiiin iHC'onrs laii intu TadoiiHiw in Ihe inidilh* of (ho month of Kelirnary, 1871. Th« s.-viuo uiiv i>jrat.or, in (he n\i(l of December, 1874, mil I ho hark lii'xcui' iiit^i the jHut of TiMlousac. TADOITHAC 2\'A >\d sud- fco tho wcoks. )t reciir- tve Vmmmi ilko IH'- .ve pass- ao that with ail se with prohknii IWI'^llCd as tho igatoi's. lioal So- <>f the 'nd which I month of l^eceinber, Minister nf Marine in thai, city, i„ which it is said that th<^ gn^atcMl dhstarlo tc wintnr na vigation on th<^ river St Lawrence i.s the ah- Hy dark nights or sik.w storms, Imt that Tmlousao would he an (jxceHent port for vessels in distress, as they could anclu.r tiiere during any kijj(i of weatlnn-. Fath(M- Lacass(^, the Ohiate niissi.tfmry, who has long dwelt on the c<»ast of Labrador, wIhmj (juestioned l)y the (Canadian (iovernnxMit who were desirous r that express purj^.s*;. [ri his opinion, winter navigation will soon(!r or later be established, and it is only a (piestion of tiine. Often, he writes, (i) « hfM. trav.^lling on my snow-shoes from one place to an(,ther al(»ng those shores, I have contemplated the se;i which in January and IAd,ruary is free i'rom ice and J say to myself, if tlu.se who hold the ilestini(>s <.f (I) .1 >'>r proUucimj tj.dd aiuUilivr {liibvn>. m.i uml MU,wmg. 21 1 TADOUSAC the country in thoir liaiids only .saw what T see now, beholn ? When Father Laeasse wrobe tliest^ Hues, the press and the politicians were di8(;ussinjLr what line it would he most advantag(?ous ok an animated part in the debate, asking that Tadousac miaude mill. I>y adoy)ting this line, he add(?d the interests of all will ])e protected and we can enjoy a winter-port, an object of prime im- portance for the prosperity of the country. After having discussed distanccis, the winds and currents, this iTitelligent and devoted missionary, (tarried away by his enthusiasm, predicted that one day Ttwlousac would become TADOUSAC 215 1i II OS, tho NewA'ork of CanadaT " T.uk.usar, lie \vi-it('s, is the terniiuus of the Athuitie hv sea, and will be the terminus of the Paeitic by laud. **The first vessels that bore our forefathers hither luilted at Tad(»usao, M^> ,-i}d of the .wt l)efore ,i,'oin,i,' uptho rivei's. Tadousae was then the fii-st land ill ((-place from the old world. It was there t hat for two eenturies the old and new worlds inet : it was there that the first Mass was celebrated in Canada and that the C'reator of the world came in person to take ]M)Ssession of his domain. How admirable are the ways of Providence ! It is there that, two centuries and a half later, the new w«»rld will hasten tt) meet the old. The ijuestion is asked, where will be tlie capital city of the Domiinon, I e, the town whi<."h will be the commercial centre of a country lar<.,'er than Europe, ..f a country count iiii,^ more than five million souls? AV'ill it be Toronto ? Ottawa ? Montreal ? Que- l)ec ? Halifax ? Those wdio will come after us, urged thereto by what jx.liticians call the force of circumstances, which vve call Cod's pro- LMfi TADOUSAC viclence, will roj>ly with onc^ accord : T.'wlousnc is the capital city of tho Domhiinn. •'This is no moro droaiii. What was Chi- cai^fo when our fathers were ^orn ? What was Winnipeg, only a few years ago ?" (i) Mr. Artlmr Biiies, who has just written a book on the Ujiper Ottaiva, also predicts that one day the valleys of the Haguenay and of the ►St Maurice will he united l)y a railway, with three branch-lines leading respectively to the Pacific on the west, to .lames' T^ay on the north, and t,o the port of Tiulousac on the east (2). As we see, the peaceful hamlet of Tadou- sac has zealous julvocates, and many who are worthy of credence predict for it a glorious futur<>. How know we that these dreams will not be realized ? Two centuries ago, wjis it not at Tadousac that all the fur-trade of half North America was carried on ? VVei'e not canoes arriving on its sht»res from Nij»issing, Temiscamingue, Abitibbi and (I) ibiil i>. irft. (i) p. 3ossibly imagine that .uie day all these villas, Jiow .so coqnettishly hidden away in the cliils' windings, will l,e replaced by dirty, foul sjjH^lling workshops, whose tall chimneys will raise their heads prosaically t(>wards the pure and limpid firmament? Before the fulfilment of these predictions made by the party of progress, befoie this e?i- chanting liamlet of Tadousac disappears for- ever from (.ur sight, let us examine it {is it now stands, as the tourists and the sununcM- visitors hav«^ fashioned it. About twenty years ago some English 218 TAD0U5}AC HliipowMors of Quebec niul Montreal, in search of wateriiii^-places, discovered Tadousac. A joint stock coinpany \f itli a capital of $iO,000 was formed to turn this lovely couiitiy to ac- count (i). A hu'fi^o hotel was built, and, thanks tt» ju- dicious advertising, tourists flocked tliere from all parts. Since then Tadousac has always retairied its i^ootl name, ami no distinj^fiiisluMl traveller, visiting the St Fjawrence liathini; })laces, fails to pass at least some few ilays on tliese enchatitinjL,' shores. In the time of Loi-d Onfferin, who here. built liimself a costly and hanosite to the iJay, Tadousac rankcnl vety hit,di amonjjj fashiona]>le resoi'ts. At the present titnc? Tadousac is held in special esteem by artists dui'ing their country repose, when they flee from the iioisy crowd that frecpients ordinary bathing-[)lacea. The handet of Tadousac has only one hilly, (0 Tiulounac Hotel iiiin thickets, surround it. in the midst of all these sumptuous dwellings may be seen Father Co- ipiart's chapel, a century old. How many tourists who have set out oi/' the round Sagu*'- nay ti-ip have stopped sevei-al days on the Ta- dousac shores in order to examine morejuinute- ly this relic of the past ! How many, who only L'LM) TAJXMIHAO conn' 1(» thcow a yiassinjnr jrlujic*', li.ixc lin<,'«'!"«Hl luiff t'»»r I'liiij, ill t.rju'lod by tlic hcauty «>t' tlir lari(ls»'a|)»? ! Tlic ('ii\ir(»iis (if Tadoiisac arc l)arr<'M nioiiLjli, liiil. i\w litllc (■(M'lM'i- wlu>r(i iho. liaiiilct it.solf is sitnattHi is so lovely aiul tlio views from it so licautiful tlial tluMoUfisi is pcifccily sa- tislif'd. 'I'hose, how«'\«'r. \vh() arc soijicwhat. ai; ijiiaiiitcd with the l\istory of the countiy, do not fail to push on to liaiide mill to sec tlic marhlcs mcntiomvl bv the old w liters. A distance of thiHU's miles s(^})arates IJaiide mill from Tadousac, anint is shinvn the plac(> where fonuerly tht! Jobuit missionaries lia<.l their agricultural TAIXH/HAC 221 i the !unl('l from ly sa- t lu- ^ the II,' t<» sand. port find (nia- hy a 1 ve- here ntly twisted and uproot(Hi, houses have h(^en swallowed up. Then there remained nothin;,' hut sand, arid sand, C(»verin<; the whole plain. The sand has invaded the wh«)le shore, swallowinf^ it up ; Victor \\\\):^^ would say : a sepulchre has risen like a tide from the depths of the earth and crt'pt onwards towards the living. It is said that tlie wind has already hollowed out about tw(Mity feet of the shore and every year makes an average inroadof another foot. From the top of the rocks surrounding Tadousac, these ravages of the wind and sea are •)«)»> TADOUfiAC to Im? stHMi jduinly. An inliuhilaiit of tlio villaj;*' j><»intH nut tlio spot where tlie iiltl house of his juicestors used to stuiid. Only a few stoiios i*o- iitaiti t,{} sliow wheit' it onee hIoimI, Tlioy had had to ilcie, as (>th(M's had done Ixfoi-e tliein, thev liitd had to al)andon the fields; vvluM'e their life liad [)assed so sw<»,etiy and liapjnly ; vaiapoH nbi y'roJK Jnif. And the oood man in order Ui exy)lain this plieiionienon of the sea in\;ulin_i,' tlie land, whiih had hi'en imprudently sti'ipped of its wood, told us that this misfortune /tat/ to /ki/i/hh sinee it had \hH)n foretold. \Vi' wer(; fjir from oxpoctiuf^ to mci^ot with a ^lusulman fatalist in the peaceful handot of Tar- inill, l)ut it «hM>s not look much as if one Wf.uld oyov 1m^ built ". Fathc- Charlevoix' i)ri'ag(* to l»e good, Haude mill must ho in sight, writos the founder of tho colony. It is a spring of water coining from tlie mountains ; you should anchor near it ■'. According to tlie tradition of the country people, tlie left shorts of the stream whicli runs to Baude's mill was formerly terminated hy a long point of land stretching into the water and forming a natural l)ay. Two isolated rocks were at the end of this little peiiinsula and were called V)y the sailors honhom.hw. and honnr ffniniP. Jiande. We give the legend for what it is worth. Have the sea and wind eaten away this tongue of land 1 Ditl it disappear in some cata- clysm of nature ? This is a mystery. Tn the o})ini(m of several geologists (i), the pliysiogno- my of all this coast has been chajiged by the violent shocks of the celebrated eartlu{uake of 1<)G3. — The histoj'ian Parkman rel-ates (2) that (1) Ainonjr othti-8 Mr Sterry Hunt. (2) Oil) Jli'tiliHf ill Cnnuiln p. 127. TADOUSAC L>L>r) C." Vur mist 1)0 ly. It is mtains : counti-y Ich runs 0(1 l>y a wjitor r'(l focks ml wofo iefcnunc. at it is ^ay this iric eata- T)i tho ysiftgno- l)y the juako of (2) that some tishornu.„, wlu, were descending the ri... ni a skirt; foinui their progress suddenly i,,.- P-Ied ne.u- Tadousao, i,y . h.gh nunu.tain covered with trees hen.g precipitated into tho w.itor at a few yards froui tii^Mu. However tins n.ay bo, tlu. Uaudo nn'!! wliich was fonneriy so renowned as a place of .'tiiel,orag(> no longer offers any .sl,e]tor to the mariner. That which has most contributerl to mak- ing tho Baude mill known is that all (ho old writers have stated that the n.cks surn.undin.. It are of maihle. Nothing further was nocossC ry to stnnulate the greed of speculators Vn- tortunately, it has been found, on closer ovanu- nation, that the h^w white veins which n-ay bo seen running through the sides of the rocks arc not of a nature to repay tho cost of work- ing. Thi8 marble easily crumbles on })einL' exposed f^,. air and at most could only be appli.-vl to a few ornaujontal purp« ses. "hi. is ab..ut all that can U- seen .luring an iMnir's excursion by the .ourist wlio ie ■pwi 226 TADOUSAC anxious to become ao<[U{iintcd with the neigh- })orl»oiHl of Tadousac. If he does not care to traverse anew tlie lonely plain leading to Baude mill, he has only to follow the rugged road which winds along the stream turning the mill- wheel. Its meanderings will lead him, some- times through wood, sometimes bv mounVaiu and valley, up to the sunnnit of the mount ''i which ovei'looks tlie back part of Tvi i.'ac, whence there is a spleiulid view of the whole region. This is called (foiny round the Concfiti,ii(its' Jwhery. The fish for breeding are .set free in a pond when^ the tide is let in by means of a grating made of stakes high en<»ugh to pre^•ent the fish escaping. The spawning-season generally lasts from Oct. 20th to November 10th. When it is approa(."hing, the colours of the salmon become briirhter, the edtces of their lins become em- pui-pled ind red spots are perceived on the back of the tish. The males and females are then separated from each othei' and i)laced in Miiliiiil iiiii TADOUHAC 229 special reservoirs and the w.M-k of luanipula- tion coninienceH. Nothing i^ more simple to those wjio, throurrh practice, have acquired • great skill in' performing the maiiipulati(Mi. The operator carefully takes holl ,»f the female, taking care if the rtsh h^ very l,ig to wrap her up in a cloth. He lightly passes the inside «»f his thumb or of two fingers over the belly without pressing too hard. Tf the eggs are mature they will thus be exp«^lled, but, if they are not (luite umture, a certain re^sistance is felt which must not be overcome; the female slu.uld then be put back into the res(U'voir- to await a uiorc propitious time. Naturalists calculate that each femah; pro- duces al)out as many tliousands (»f ,.ggs as the parent herself weighs pounds. Tin; olticial IknuI of the establishment at Tad(.usac (i) says that a female generally gives from 600 t(» 700 vnrK per pounrl of her own w(Mght. A f(»mal«> of 20 lbs would thercifore yield 12,000 or more C't's (1) M. L. CaU'llitT. l':K) TADOUSAC The fecuiulatinii i.s jM'ifoniH'd ininuHliatrly aftoi" tlie e;^:;s are laid. For t.liis j)iii'j)i»s<' a mal(; is taken and the milt- is made t(» flow oti tlu' t>;:^'gs ill thorted through th(! patern- al solicitude of 'li<* (io\ernment. For lonparatus on hm'dles covered with a thin layer <»f gra TADOUSAC 2.31 vcl ([). These hurdles are inserted in vvoy (listnhutin^' those y*>unjL( fry ;in)oiin. The cross- ing of dilh'rent species is being studied. The c 'gs of trout have been successfully fecundated TADOUSAC 23n iU\<<; ivy iver l)y jtxte the f .small ultural i'ft brou<;ht to these shores hy means of the railroad and the tish may Ix^eome extinct or nearly so. Why slioiild it not he artiriciallv bred at Ta dousac in the same way as the salt-water sal- UKm 1 This was Lord l)utt'ci-iii's way of lhinkin<^ and he was in the lij^lit. Althou^jfh Tjidousac is the principal centre of salmon r(i})roduction, and the olHcial super- intendent place a certain amount of younj^ fry in the lake which feeds theii- artificial streams, that is not the {>lace where sportsmen eonii^regate for rtshinuj. They y)enotrate further to the rivers wliera s ilm m ab )un itil they are twelve or fouiteen inches long, then they leap over the sluices, cross the pond of the breedim^-fish and i^ain the sea. Fishiiiir TAOOl'MAC i>;in iH!tt(;r (»i- tlio ike St parti- ' iMH'n lili'ond rly so. at Ta- vr sal- iiikiiig {'(Mitre supcir- yoiiuj,' 'titit'ial rtsmoii turtluM' Vt Ta- ) until :, llu'M 1 «.f (UK F'ishiivg . for tl.ni. in tl.(. reserved lake is ,mt allowed, UU wImm. o„re they an' in the sea, who,.v,.r oa.) niay take them. At this youn- a-(. they take the fly as ,va,li|y as their fathers and '"Others. |i„t this is poor sport, only lit for »i'»vii;..s in tlie art, and eann..t I,,.. .."onipared with the exeitement of veteran fishermen uhen m th.. wil.l p tssBs of the Ste Maririu-rite o,- the Manieoua-an, they feel a lar-e fish at tin; end of th.-ir line ami tind work for their urist and opportunity of shovvini,' their skill. Does this mean that on the sliotvs of Ta- dousa(^ fishermen in sh'ppers may !..■ met \vit,h amusinj^r themselves hy massaerein- inofKensive loaches as at Kamouraska, or ignoble hoofish as at Rimouski ? No, Tadousac fish-li,)oks are not haited for smh small fry ; ih.ey are (h-stined for more dignified exploits and w,- will try to deserihe some of them. The prinei])al and most interesting sp,)rt is fishing for sc^a-trout in the wafers of the 8a- guenay, at about tluw miles ,{,. . ., stream 2;j« TADOUSAT fr«)m Tadousac. Sohicitinu^H cnoii tli<'y may Ih' rau'^'ljt (»n tlie very shore, in th<» Hay. lint (luiiti^ tliy iiioiitliH of Juno and July, t) ».vr- ticularly favor thfi extrrunty of th« rocky }»oint s<^[)aratinj^ the iJay of Tadousac in two, called rislct by the people of the place : they also fi'ctjuont the banks along the left coast, Basipu; Cove, P(»inte a la Cn)ix, ljal)oul(! Cove, Passc- l*i(Mi'e Tslets. On the right bank they may chieHy be ftnmd at Ans« a iJavid, Pointe Noire, (/atharirm Bay and towards Isle aux Morts. All who are armed with patience and with liiies know those privileged spots, which c » be visited one after the other in less than '»ur in a barge. No Hy fisher wouhl deny himselt the pleasure of breakfasting on a trout weighing not less than from two to five pounds. For those who prefer longer fishing (^xcursions splen- did sea-trout, fishing is to be luui at tlu; Little J>ergeronnes river, which rolls its swift waters into the St Lawrt^nce about, twelve miles 1k'1(>w Tadousac. This place can be reached either in a yacht or barge, as likewise by land, or by the TAUOl.SAO L>a; sm way, aiul tlio fishi„. ,V excollcnt for uImm.! three iiiontlis. The lusf, way fchnn^ whi-). w,. I.uve ih(li,;.it. ♦Hi IS tl.me miles I.mi^t,., ,„^,| ^^..-y fati^.uin- l,u< yy satV for th.,s,. who, thou-h ]nsm^ lishi,,.., t"<'.ir the sea, '^' TIh; peaks which sur.vMuul Ta.lousHc have ^nyn'.,d< of pi(.tures.|ur little tishiu;- lakes '"'I'i'^M away on their sid(^s, where enormous quantities of tisl, n.ay |,o taken. We will • uention the; pi-incipal ones. At less than a niile's distance, .,., the heights, we conu; first t<» lake Tadousac. A barge will take you in an hour's run, ((» the pretty Laboule p.M,d. Trout abound there in vVugust and September. A path of a i.,ih''s hMigth separates it from the Saguf-nay. ThoHe in whom the line and the My have ,; ,1 entirely dcMfcr.)yod all taste for things of this world may pause f..r an instant in tlie little sandy cove sheltered by Cape Laboule. Tn lGi)0, whe.i Phipps came to besiege Quebec, it was there that three French vessels, laden with money i>:i.s TAUOHSAC for tlu> troops and otluT roynl })i-ojHMty, soui^lit ii ])l;u'(' of si)i"('ty. The crow burird on tho shoro four or tive tliousji'ul livrcs of spccir mid hiiidtMl a l)att«MV of camion to defend tlieni. Wlien the (niemy, on returnin*; fsoni tlieii- ex- piulitioii, arrived opposite the S;ii;uenay, tliey suspected tliat the French vessels \v(?re hidden there and they attempteil to enter th<' rivei', but they wert^ di i\ en i)ack into the oHin;j; hy the cui'ients. Two days aftervvaids tlie French vessels came out fi'oni theii' place of retrt'ai. Dt) not sjiend your time in seaichin<^ for this mruiey on the shore, as so many treasur<' -seekers have IxMMi doing since that memojable date, for the French vessels safely carri(^d to Quebec the specie which they had ])uried ! Lakes Paradis, Sapin, Thojnas, (Jobril, Franrois, Fontaine are reputed in this district to be famous tislnn^-placc's, Tlu^y can lie reach- ed in a C()nveyaiice or on foot. Tf possessed of a moderate amount of skill in the manageinei«t of (he line, trout may be caught from ten to twenty live inehes long and weighing sometimes as mucli as six pounds. TADOUSAO 239 On retu mint; from t.lu'sc excursions, ye me- lanrlioly and unsuccessful tisheiinen, wlio have only withdrawn your line from the water to chani^'e the <^'entle on your hook, seat yourselves on the shore and console yourselves hy ^n/An^ into the ottini( at thesea-^ulls which ai-eskiinnnnjL? over the limpid water. See how ihey manage to catch the tish that are so shy of vour hooks ! After havirii; hovered a moment with their wings motionless, they sudd(Mdy plunj^'e into the watei'and emer]ti;e from it with a streak of silver in their beaks. IJ-.it hasten home if they only skim the water in their hemllong course, foi' it is a si<^n of approachin*; storm. It is a ))arometer far surpassitig those mjule by the most skilful hands. Champlain I'ecounts enthusiiistically that on Lark Point, that far stretching peninsula, *' covei'ed with hirge-leaved parsley and wild pf^as, with all sorts of shells, &c '', there was so nuich game, " such an abundance of wild ducks, teal, wild geese as well as larks, curlews, thrushes, w (,>odcocks ', that on some 210 TAUOUSAC (lays three or tVmr hunters would kill 'nore than 300 (luzen heak pl(;asui'e in aooonipanying his coiuji. ror to tlie cluise. He assures us that, durinij; the twelve days he remained there, more than 20,000 la -ks, plov(»rs, curlews and snipes were killed. Certainly vsportsmen of the present day can not hoiust of such },»henomenal hecatombs. No matter, there is still sp«jrt to be had at Tmlou- sac. In the autunni, the local Nimrods kill divei-s, but in sunnner thev 1 " *pi duck. pigeons, magpies, lark s, osnr preyi Tn th neigliborhoixl of the lakes the shy aiul timid [)artridge often falls a victim to fishermen who havelKH^n tlisheartened by their want of succ<'ss at sea. It is saitl that ptarmigan formerly abounded at Lark Point. Father Le Jeune relates, when he landed to say Mjuss at Ta(U>U' sac in the month of June, 1032, a soldier* killful a lai'ije eay:le neai* its evrie, The head and nel()vors, ilay can t)s. Nr» Ah kill 11 l)laek III tho d timid leii will) i success 'orniorlv B Jeune L Tadou- er killed iiid ueek of this bird were white, its l)eak and feet yellow, the rest of its body blackish, and it was as large as a turkey cock. In the course of the autunm the Tadousac people shoot the hecscies, pigeons, tahwuis and large wild geese, flocks of which tly in an angular mass, looking like a black rent in the pearly-grey sky. There is no country so uninhabitable as this, writes Charlevoix, gazing on the barren hills and desolate banks whicli surround Ta- dousac, and yet those who have planted their tents here seem to like it. — We are not rich, said one day a good fellow who wfis accompanying us in our excu'-- sionSj but there is not a single beggar among us. Every one can gain his livelihood in some way or otlier. — Yes, things are well enough in summer ; tourists bring you in money. A little suffices you. Their coming among you gives you an «*^'^y. j<^y^>us time, even if it dotis not bring you abundance. But, in winter, tlu^ long terrible 212 TADOUHAC winter, wh.it can you 4elv(5s in tliisHulitudd ? -Oh ! iti tlie winter, Sir, some of iifs na- vigate, keeping along the sh'>re, cutting liro- woo six iiues tirisc and jguu, iated : pre- for a day ill cold watei" and then scalded it, it is well I'oasted with slices of salt pork. The taste of it seems strange at lirst, hut one gets accustoiiu'd to it. One eats worse things tlian that in towns. With these words, our liunter woundup his recital. On listening to this brave Tuan's conversa- tion we could not help thinking of the old days when its hunting and tishing hiul spread afar the fame of Tadousac and had, jus it were, wpens to make its appearance on these shores, the newspapers speak of the occurrence for many montiis. In one single week in 1050, Couillard de Lespinay killed 220 seals at Red Island (i), the same number as are now taken in a whole (i) Journal of Mil' Jtistiitw, p. 2(^1 240 TADOUSAC wintei-. Tn one day at Murray J?ay he cau<^ht a millirm ood-fisli (i). Listly, lon^' hoforc acontoniporary onginoor proposed to ^o and hunt the seal in theCJulf l)y the aid of cannon, revolver and mitraiUeuse, a Frenchman named Hilaire Brideau had tried the same weapons with whales. In 1733 (2), the Tntetidant of Canada j^'ave him {)ermissi(»n to hunt whales from Hare Island as far as Manic* magan, on }>oth shores of the liver, with a fishing boat, huilt in the J3iscay fashion, manned by (?ight sailors and having on board a caiuion carrying balls t>f two or three pounds' calibre, harpoons and 400 fathoms of cal)le. All stranded whales bearing the marks of harjioons or l)alls were to be looked on as belonging t-o him. Now or never can we say with Virgil : Omnia jam viil. t,.a.li. , . . .^W IV Chan.plain n.eetn the Indians. -^How an unfortunate allian.r Wfrew out of a visit of courte.sv - The fomi.lr.r ,vt tu > i (W a theologian. The fiist n . . ♦, S ^"" "'i^'. "' ^"^' ''"'"'M -nil. Jill niM one to hnak hin iniu'. - The brothers Ke.tk. -The ..eath of Taptain l>a..iel at Tadou- sa<-. -IJ IS funeral 42 ^vr 'J\\ HUE O F C< > S'V K N IS •_>H) I'AOK The TailouHw iru«liii>f. Timliii).' iM)st. of ih»- kiii^'V fanning' out of the trudins; aii-»Hhi|>. I(ilfil78"2 77 VII Kxploratioiw of lilt' .lesiiil mishioiiiiiit'K. Tlioir diploiiificy.— How they hi-ejuiu' viiliiaMi.' ausiliiirieH to thv {{ovoniiiioil. Ill VIII Of the pijaiitive SaKUfiiay chiurheH.— The Tadousjioohaiwl. . 137 IX Father de la Brosse, History and le)ren«l«< 1(>8 What hat. l»€coine of the ahorixeiies.— The doom of Manieloiis. What UKxIeni Tadousac is like. The anihirion of the TadouMicianH. Seu|>ort and winter navijiution. Sea Itailiin^; antl tourists. -A walk around the neij^'hliorlKxxl of Tatiousac.' -The fiieroaohinji san