^>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 A 1.0 1.25 i:;i28 12.5 t US 20 1.8 1-4 IIIIII.6 V] <^ o /a ^% 9^ J^ 'T^^' % 7 /^ '■^ 7 ^1. V r^^ CIHM/ICM'" Microfiche Series. CIHM/iCMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques Th po The Institute has attempted to obtain the best L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire of fill origini il copy available for filming. Physical qu'll lui a AtA possible de se procurer. Certains features of this copy which may alter any of the dAfauts susceptibles de nuire A la quality de la images in the reproduction are checked below. reproduction sont notAs ci-dessous. Th Coloured covers/ — Coloured pages/ CO or Couvertures de couleur Pages de couleur ap Coloured maps/ — Coloured plates/ Th fill Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Planches en couleur ini Lzl Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 171 Show through/ Pages dicolordes, tachetdes ou piqudes Transparence Mi in Tight binding (may cause shadows or up bo distortion along interior margin)/ Pages damaged/ fo Reliure serr6 (peut causer de I'ombre ou Pages endommag6es de la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure) Additional comments/ Commentaires suppl^imentaires Bibliographic Notes / Notes bibliographiques Only edition available/ — Pagination incorrect/ Seule Edition disponible Erreurs de pagination Bound with other material/ — Pages missing/ Relid avac d'autres documents Des pages manquent 1 Cover title missing/ Maps missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Des cartes gdographiques manquent — ^ Plates missing/ Des planches manquent Additional comments/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires 18 la The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol <--^> (meaning CONTINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantes ont 6ti reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetA de I'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la der- n'lhra image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". The original copy was borrowed from, and filmed with, the kind consent of the following institution: Library of the Public Archives of Canada Maps or plates too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film6 fut rvproduit grAce d la g6n6rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour Atre reproduites en un seul clichd sont filmdes d partir de Tangle supdrieure gauche, de gauche A droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Le dingramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lord Bateman's Plea KOR LIMITED PROTECTION OR KdK RECIPKOCVITY IN FKEE TRADE. A Letlcr reprinted from " The Turns" of Nov, ijt/i, iSyy, WITH A lUtEFACE BY THE AUTIIOK. LONDON : WILLIAM RIDGWAY, 169 PICCADILLY, W. PHILADELPHIA : HENRY CAREY BAIRD & CO., INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHERS, BOOKSELLERS AND IMPORTERS 810 WALNUT STREET. V- 1878. ' (■\-o) PREFACE. 'I'm following letter is not the result of any sudden impulse, in- ilnced by tlie ])ressurc of the present growing Commercial Crisis, but is based on an earnest and long considered conviction of the truth of the reasoning here attempted to be enuniiated The absence of statistics may be remarked. Seldom read, more often confusing, never infallible, these are u.sually tlie outcome of a contracted vision, and the stale stock-in trade and never-failing re- source of anonymous scribblers, and of heaven-born political econ- omists. They will suggest themselves without difficulty to each manufacturing and exporting interest. 1^'t this one fact suffice. A simple inspection of the Board of Trade returns will show the alarming deficit in our Exports as com- pared with our Imports from foreign countritj., paying no duty what- ever, and which latter unfortunately e.xceed the former at the rate of ui)wards of a hundred millions in value per annum ! If the great ship-building interest, all but lost to the Thames and now transferred to the Clyde ; if the great MidlantI iron and coal trades and of the once prosperous and busy North and West ; if the great railway companies, which depend for their prosperity in a large measure on the carrying trade of these industries; if the paper makers of Devonshire, the miners of Cornwall, the glass manulactu- ers, the sugar refiners, the silk and stocking weavers, the great agri- cultural interest, and last, but not least, the cotton and woolen manufacturers of Lancashire and Yorkshire, are satisfied with the oi)eration of the present anel past free trade policy, without reciproc- ity, and are prepared still to face the free and unrestricted imports of the world at their present enormous disadvantage, this letter will have been written in vain ! But, in the full belief that the exact contrary is the case, and in their interest, and in the interest of those operatives, and of the whole body of the English working classes, more or less dependent upon them for subsistence, the writer has ventured upon the publica- tion of this letter, which is now offered to the calm consideration of the commercial public, with the conviction that he is expressing rKlil ACE. Ill in- herein the sentiments of a vast proportion of the rommiinity, who. having hitherto accepted the free trade poUcy as irrevocable, are now awaking to the conviction that one sided free trade without reciproc- ity is entirely abortive, and therefore ruinous and disastrous to the best interests of dreat Britain. The (juestion rests in the hands of the constituencies, with whom lies the power, if they have the will, to supply the answer. Hatkman. S/ioMfti Court, Leominster, Herefordshire, November 24, 1877 TO TIIK KDlTOIl OF "TIIK TIMKS." SiK : — Al tliis iiioiucnt of widi'spivail comincni il (li.']>n.'ssion, iIk- (|UL'sti()n of the i'\]n'ilicii(y of ;i return to a system of limited jirotee- tion as ojjposed to llial (i\' free trade is undoubtedly onee again forc- ing itself upon the (oiisiileration of inanv thoughtful minds. Notwithstanding the appeals, from the ( 'Ikuu ellor of the l'',\ehe(iuer downuariis, which continue lo l>e made on its behalf by the advo catcs and apoUigists of the free trade policw it is eviilent from their reccnth expressed o])inions that a certain iuk omfortable feeling of doubt exists as to its success; and the excuses p'lt forward for the gcn- t'ral non-accei)tance of the free trade doi trine raise an unmistakalile (bstrust in the sotmdness of their views, and lead us to iiiipiire whether a policy whii h reipiires so mtich excuse to be made for it, is after all the one best fitted lo oiu" jjeculiar interests, or one in which this country should still continue to persist. I have used the words " limited protection" advisedly, in order at the outset to guard against any supposition that either myself or those who think with me consider it would be either i)olitic or possible in the im])en(ling war of tarifls. or in any revision of our Caistc)m duties, lo attempt to imjiose any restrictions on what 1 will call vital neces- saries, or on the recognized food of the j)0])ulation. In any scheme of commercial i)oli( y, due consideration should always be given to the ( ajjabilities of production of the country on the one hand, and to its absolute necessities on the other In the rase of Great Britain, owing to our area being so nnirh re- stricted and to tlie continual increase in otu" poiiulation, an increase out of all projjortion lo the si/e and acreage of the kingdom as com- I)ared with the relative ])roi)ortion of population to the area and ex- tent of foreign < oimtries, it has become virtually imperative upon us to obtain from all nations of the earth the reipiisite food supply. Thus far it is willingly conceded that the exercise of free trade, though still incomplete, has conferred on the masses an exceptional and a lasting benel'it. I turn aside for a brief instant to ])ay this tribute to the memory of the late Mr. ("olxlen and Sir (leorge Corne- wall Lewis, and to the foresight of Mr. Ihight and Mr. C'h.arles \'il- liers. Hut unfortunately we have to deal with many more interests than those exclusively connected with the food suj)ply of the people. We have to deal with our own natural and sufficient ]>roduormit rival «'<)iintrio>> uii Inly to compete with our native industries to our own loss and detriment. Sir, we cannot shut our I'Ves to the universal < ollapse o[' traile and its acc()miian\ing distress, lie it (he mineral, the sliiii])in|^, the carry- in^', the agricultural, or the general manufaituring trade. 'ITirough- ()Ut the country the < ry of de])ression and distress and ruin is the same. We have to < ompete on une(|ual terms with other toreign countries, who are rohhing us of' our [jrofits, })aying nothing to our e.\clie(|uer, and underselling us at the same time. When the capital ist fmds tiiat his trade is leaving him. and that his i)rorits are reiluced to a minimum, it follows tint the workmen depemling upon him must suffer in like proportion, and, as a con^eiiuence. ilie rate of wages nuist come down, or em))Ioyment nuist cease — strikes, lock- outs, and i)ainl"ul ami undeserved distress are the inevitahle results. (Iranled tlial the theory of free and unresiri<;ted commerce with all (piarters of the imiverse is as bold as it is magnificent; granted that the idea. l)y wliomsocver originated (and advocated by no one more consistently than by our good and wise Prince Consort ), is both grand and glorious in its c(jn( eption ; granted that to give elTe( t to it has l)een the aim as it has been the long-acct'pted policy of successive Governments; it cannot be denied that the sting of ''want of rec i- l)rocity" has. from the first, checkmated ()ur philanthropic efforts, and obliged us now to confess, after 30 years of trial, that in i)rac- tice our free trade is at best but one-sided ; and that while we are opening our jxirts to the ( ommerce and manufactures of the world, free and unrestricted, other countries, without conferring upon us any reciprocal benefit, are taking advantage, without scru])le, of our magnanimous, but disastrous (because one sided), liberality. It is of no use to blink the (jueslion Facts will speak for them- selves. In defiance of all arguments and all persuasion, not to say entreaty, on the subject, these awkward facts still remain. Our over- tures to other coimtries are disregardeil ; our commerc iai treaties are not renewed ; our own traile is in a sinking and unjjrofitable condi- tion ; our exjjorts show a lamentable, alarming, and increasing de- ficit ; our I'Acheipier is affe retrace it without delay. This is neither more nor less than what a prudent man in private, or a prudent trader in conimer- < iai iifi'. would lind it his im|»erative interest to do. How niui h more imperative, therefore, is it when imperial and patriotic interests are so heavily involved ! We have tried free trade, and it has been found wantinp. We have done our best to impress other (ountries with the reasonableness of our policy, and in return they scoff at our blindness, and turn a (leaf ear to our remorist ranees. In the meantime, partial ruin and wholesale depression and distress are staring us in the la< e. Our !<)( al burdens are iiu reasing, our exports diminishing. Our working <-lasses, unsettled, are waging open war in the cause of labor against llnn Ihr vumI injturncr irltirh Ihf irnrkii i\( llvtirii ('. Cmu-i/ Inn" I'lrrlril on lhi.1 CDiDilrii. iin/ rrmlirn iilmii llni/ /»)wiin ri'imliilmn. whu-h hii.i ,«> niitidli/ miliiroii-n Ihf i>iirin( s/i'in. Adil !•> this Ihir /lint Hint thin loirii/n vrlfltritu i.i tuiKiii — l inni/ .ini) utiii'inl i rr' imivrlii — on Ihf inriitiin ntiiili/ ljf.ilinriil liii nun ni thf hiyltint vultiiri \ unit by Irttli/ Iciiilint; iiniiUs, and wv Jtnil tn it u ynuiji/ini/ tribute to Anierman tntrllccl." ' UHAIII.KS (1. I.KI.AN l>. •,• S(iiin< «>iu! or iiKiro of tlio \v(H'k»t of Ciiroy liiivo Immmi tniii^Jult'il uinl piiUllMltinl til Kr«!iicli, UcniiiiM, Itiilliiii, •SpaiilHli, UummIuu, awedlah, Dtmlnli, timl Mugyur. I'KINCIPLES OF SOCIAL SCIKNCE. 'riir«to Volmin'H, Hvo., (Jlotli. >ii.« )( ). C0NTKNT8.— Voliimo I. Of Scli-ncn tiiiil its MotlioiN— Of Mini, tho Snlijncil. of Sofliil Sclciicf— Of lii<<> ill tlu' Niiiiil)crs of MiiiiUiinl— Of tliij Orciipiilioii of tlic Kiirlli — t>f Valiif— ttl Wciillli-Of till' Koiiiiiitliiii of Hdclcty— Of Appinpi nil Ion— Of ( liiiiiKCil of Mutter ill I'liu'f— Of CIk-iiiIciiI ami Mccliaiiical CJiaMj^cs in tin- Konii of .Mutter. Voliiiiii- II. Of Vital <'liaii;!e-t ill (lie I'oriii of .Mallei— Of the Ill^>t riiiiient of .\> the lieailsol our |)eople, iiMer a little time! Ami in ihis faith ami )mllenco hIiiiII 1 wait."— '• l iia.nki.in" in 'I'm'. Nationai, 1ntki.liok.N(.'ku, NVashiii<{ton, I). C. "Nooneoufiht to hi; Hurprised iliut it is(!ermanv more than any othorcoiintry. whore <'arey has found a nnineroiisand uiilhiisiastlu auhuol of uilheroiits." * * Alii/einrinu yiCiluny, .Vu«sl)iirK. Havaria. " He has t nou'^ht miieh. read iniu^h, and se(M) much. Hishook Is a (^reat mine of iloi'- nmoiits, of faeis, of illnslraiiinis of every kind, and iliawn tioiii every eouniry of the world. It is an e.\t raorclinary eompoiiml of illninlnism ami of positive seienee— of in- tuitive, ideas sustained hy llmires. He f^eiierally pro(!«'t;ils by hroad ami ^{eneral finiii iilOQ which at first present iheiiiselves to t li(! reader somewhat as coiiclusljins the promises of which are wanting, hut wliich^'railiiaily.hy their comii-nt ration and hy their very harmony, come to prove each other. At tnie moment ho tellH his reader that such «/»oi(/(< /«■ tlie'case, following n|i Ins formula hy a series ot tmluctlons ; that ).i>iivnlii drc(ii-l)i. Local iiiiil Niitionitl (l>iiii). Com ruction or Kxpiin^ioii .' Itcpudlaliou or IJcMimiMioir.' (iNiii.) Iti'Vicw of llic DccmUc l,H,'>7-ii7 ( INm -. Htcoii^l i iicl loii : liii!ii..ilriiil, ^lnal cial, and I'olil iial ■ l*7((). Wrall li, Of \V liaf Does It CoiiMist •.' (IW).) Currency Inllalion (lfi71). 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