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'^:, -/:;-■:■.";■.:■ .. :k^ -^D^Q0'*^l^t5^^ Gcttalogui -^Foroiito Public Library (I'itnirlilet OullccUon) \ ijlVE FISH, REPTIliES, TORONTO CENTRAP"^" PRlNCIPnii EXHIBITS,' ■UBRARY Httflifiiifiit m$mm Kattiiral History Department imk^rfK^ II « s< PRE! F1R.S 8ecc Vet Soli Man Tre Assi Arci AUL r J. B IndastFial Exhibition Assoe'n OF TORONTO. c Septembeir 3i^d to 15th, 1894. President, First Vice-Prehident, ,i* Second Vi(!e-President, Veterinary Surgeon^, Solicitor, - ID Manager and Secretary, " Treasurer, - ASSISTANT-TREASlfRBR, Architect, -^ Auditors, - OFFICEl^S: - > JOHN J. WITHROW. Ti?Q. . - , \VM. CHRISTIE, ESQ. - A. SiMfTH, ESQ. - - ANDREW SMITH, ESQ., V.S. . - AV< O. McWILLIAMS^ESQ. ' ^ MR. H. J. HILL, Toronto. - MR. J. P. EDWARDS.- - - MB^ <^^E0. EDWARDS. - MR. MARK HALL, f MR. WM. ANDERSON. ( MR. W. W. .TONES. natural gistorvf Department, Including Birds, Mammals, Fish, Reptiles, Insects, Plants, and Minerals. COCnmiTTBH : JOHN MAUGHAN, - ChaIksian, J. Bain, jr. a£lan macdougall. a. harvey. vT. dilworth bBRiNTENDENT : JAMES NOBLE, 29 Howard St., Toronto. ,.~....*=^. A: OWVER SPANNER & CO. Naturalists & Taxidermists, 858 yonge St- BinU, AninmlH. Finh, and other objecU of Natural Hintory Mounted in Fir8t-Cla«« Style. Deer, Elk and Moone Headn a Specialty. InsMt Pins, KiUing Bottles, fcheet Cork, 4c. . Bi-d Bggt in grat Variety. Send for List. OoloRliti and Tftxideriutiti suppllM. 1 O 2 i O 8 / o 4/ Q 5.i )o 6/ 7** p Colored & Flint . EVES . No. 1 Pr> No. 1 Pr. 2c. 14 lOo. 1 2c. 15 12c. 2 2c. 16 18c. 8 2c. 17 15c. 4 8c. 18 17c. H 8c. 19 19o. 6 8c. 20 240. 7 4c. 21 26o. 8 ^c. 22 28o. 9 5c. 23 80c. 10 6c. 24 35c. 11 7c. 25 40c. 12 8c. 26 45c. 18 9c. 27 50c. NoTB. — Veined eye« (Style 3). 40 per cent, bigner than LlBt. Veined and cornered eyes iStyle 4), 50 per cent, higher than List. ^ . BLACK EYES No. 1 Pr. lOPr. 0; Ic. 8c. 1 Ic. 8c. 2 Ic. 3c. 3...... Ic. 4c. 4 Ic. 4c. 5 Ic. 4c. 6 2c. 5c. 7 2c. 6c. 8 2c. 7c. 9 3c. 10c. 10...... 8c. 12c. Style 1— Round Pupil. Style 2 — Oval Pupil . — Style 3— Oval Pupil, Veined. Style 4— Oval Pupil, Veined and Cornered. ,-^.*- ,;- . l«I« V Qesoi^iptive Qatalogne of (Exhibits • . —IN THE— fjcitupal Bistopy guilding \ — OF- Toponto Industi^ial Exhibition. INTRODUCTION The folluwing brief description of the principal exhibits in the l^tural History section of Canada's Great Fair, is the result of numerous requests for some such guide to the various objects shown in this department. It is intended, not so much as a list of spieci- mens, which, considering the short duration of the Exhibition, and the varied and numerous objects, would be impossible, but rather as*'^ a summary of those specimens most likely to interest the general visitor, 80 that during a brief visit the most may be made of the time to spare. ^^ It has been thou^^^dv^s^^l^ ^7 th^ management to devote special attention to particumr branches of Biology each year, believ- ing othat by taking this course and alternating the subjects, there woifld be less of that sameness whiali is unavoidable in an exhibition of Natural History, and also thaca better display of each branch could thus be made. This year their special efforts have been direqted towards the live fish and reptile, and also' in the ornithological-ex- hibits. Many new features haver been added, notably the illustratiW. of fish hatching, as shown by salmon and white fish incubators in working order. These, and also the collection of preserved food fishes of Canada, have been kindly lent by the Department of Marine and Fisheries of the' Dominion Government. Another exhibit shown for ttie first time this year is the large glass globes Containing speci- mens of the young and smaller fishes. The Beptile cases have .been refitted and improved, and the interior of the building has been arranged with a view to avoid crowd- ing as much as possible. y X ■ il V 1,' '^ As during hot \«reather especially it is very difficult to keep cer . tain of tho more delicate of the tish alive, and also to obtain fresh 'specimens, it may happen that some may be described in this catalogue without any representative in the tanks. This will, of course, be avoided as much as possible, and only such species de- scribed as are likely to be on exhibition. The common and scientific names of the rp^cies will be given in the catalogue and also attached to the specimens, so that there will be no difficulty in distinguishing each object. ■"■:■■ • V •'•*->■ ■ FISH. - Although we have in our lakes and rivers a vast number of species, of fish, a large proportion of them are only to be obtained during certain seasons ; and unfortunately it so happens that the month of September is a|^out the worst time of the whole year for this purpose. Anotlier difficulty is that of keeping many of the most beauti/ul and interesting species alive, the hirge and important family of the Clupeidie, or herrings, being of this number. The ex- hibit has, however, been made as representative as possible, and contains many of the most useful and interesting species of the family. The Yellow Perch. Percaflaveseens. Body oblong, somewhat compressed ; the back elevaied ; cheeks scaly ; opercules mostly naked striate ; snout projecting ; dark oliva- ceous ; sides golden yellow, with six to eight bi^Qjd ^erpss-bars from back to below.middle of side ; lower fins orange, upper olivaceous, spinous. , A well-known fish, inhabiting Europe, where it is found as high as 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. In America it inhabits the temperate fresh waters from Labrador to Georgia, but is not found in the lower Mississippi basin. It has been nientioned by some observers that these fish arrange themselves in shoals, according to size. As the perch bites freely, it is a favorite of the young aijcler ; its flesh is 'firm and good. - The Sun Fishes. Contrarchidcc. A family of fishes, including the Basses, characteristic of the Mississippi valley, all but one species {Archoptites interruptiis, of California) being confined to the waters of the Eastern States and y Canada. Some of the Bpeoies build neate, and all are voracioim an(] gamey. We have several upeQies of this family in our tanks. Grass. Bass. Pomoxis sparoidts, Body oblong compreBsed, the proHle comparatively oven ; Ana very high ; silvery olive, much mottled with clear green ; vertical hns, with green reticulations around pale spots. Rock Bass, Red Eye. AmphpUtis'rupestris. Body oblong; eye very large, iris red ; olivo^reen'; sides brassy, much mottled with dark green ; young with blackish bars • adult with ^ rows of dark spots along sides. Living among rocks. ' Common Sun Fish. Lepomis gibhosus. Known by a number of names— Bream, Pond Fit-h, Pumpkin- seed, i^unny, etc. Body flattened ; eye large, the maxillary or outer bone of the upper jaw reaching its front; cheeks with four rows o£ .scales ; spines moderate ; pectoral fins scarcely larger than head • apercular spot bright scarlet, moderate ; greenish olive ; the sides profusely mottled with orange ; dorsal fin bluish orange, spotted. An exceedingly common fish in our lakes and rivers, rare south-west. A very beautiful and compact fish, and the joy of the amateur fisher- man. , .- -'" Black Bass. Mkropterusdolomieu. Small-mouthed Bass. Mouth moderate, the maxillary ih the adult not extending beyond eye ; scales small ; young more or less barred or spotted, never with a black lateral band. Body ovate- oblong, growing deep with age; dorsal fin less deeply notched than m the large-mouthed species ; coloration variable ; the young, dull .golden green, with darke.r spots on sides, which tend to cluster ih short vertical bars ; th«ee bronze bands across cheeks ; caudal fin yellowish, next black, with a white tip ; dorsal with bronze spots; adult nearly uniform green. Ihe Black Bass is eminently an American citizen, 'Asserting his presence and making himself completely at home* wherever placed, his preference being clear and running streams. Plucky, unyielding- he holds out to the last when hooked. As a table fish he h(^s a deservedly high place. .* .6 Larffe-mouthed Black Ba8»> Micropttrus salmoida. Known also ai Or«en Bau, Oiwego Basi, &o. Body rather deeper and more oompreaaed than in the preceding, growing deeper with age ; soalee on ohe«k large ; color, dark green, silvery below ■idea, with a broad blackish band in young, with some dark spots above and below it ; three dark strips across cheeka ; 'adult, dull green, nearly plain. More common than the last, preferring sluggish waters. Also one of the best of food fishes, and eagerly sought for by the sportsman. White Bass. Roccus crysops. ^* This species belongs to a different family from any of the p^e*' ceding, viz., the Serranidw, or Sea Bass. It differs from the perches in having three anal spines, and fewer vertabric. Back arched, silvery greenish above ; sides with several dusky longitudinal streaks, those below lateral line more or less interrupted ; specific naipe meaning gold eye. Great Lake.s and upper Mississippi Valley rather common. A very delicate and tender fish. ^ "Jht Carp. Caprinus carpia. According to Jorden the Carp is a native of China, elsewhere it is mentioned as a European fish, and is generally knmtrn. as the Ger- man Carp. These Bshes belong to the minnow famil^ and are dis- tinguished by a very long dorsal fin, which, like' ttle anal fin, is pre^ ceded by strong spine serrated behind. The carp is normally covered -with large scales, which, in the course of domestication, have valied to a considerable extent, prominent varieties bein^ known as the Leather Carp, naked, and the Mirror Carp, with a few series of very large scales. "^The Carp has been domesticated in the States and Canada. The Gold Fish. Carassius auratus. This well-known species also belongs 'to the Carp family; is a native of China, where the original color is olivaceous, tUe orange, red and silvery forms being varieties much valued for, aquaria. N Stickleback. Gasterosteus acnUatus. Common Stickleback. Olivaceous, sides silvery, back dotted, opercles striate, sides entirely covered with bony plates ; armed with spikes. One of the most curious of fishes, building nes^s and defending \ ■I' FouDd in fr«ib and below Hpots braokish r wAteri of 1 them witb much spirit, northern regions. ^ M -" .. Speckled Trout. SahiliiiuA /ontinalis. ^ Brook Trout.. Head large, the snout bluntish, mouth large, eye large ; the tail fin Ipnate. forked in young. Dusky fleenish. sides with red spots, mostly smaller than pupil ; back motitly unspotted ; barred or mottled with dark ; dorsal and caudal flns mottled or barred ; lower fins dusky, with an orange band fplloWed by a darker one ; belly mostly red in males. T|jere are numerous varieties of this, the finest of all game fishes, at one time abounding In clear cold streams. Trout fishing may bo considered the highest degree in angling. She relation of Trput stories the l||liest degree of 1 1 1 Lake Sturg^eon. Acipenur rubkundus. Thii fish, which changes considerably with age» is generally known in .its younger stages as the Rock Sturgeon. It is one of the few remaining species of what are known as the Oaniod fishes, a term used to distinguish formiB^ which are armed with horny plates, instead of the regular cycloid or etenoid scales ; a groi^ related to the mailed forms of the Devonian and Carboniferous ages. The Sturgeons have ari elongated fusiform body, with five rows of bony keeled sliields ; mquth inferior, protrftctile, toothless ; four barbels in a cross-row before mouth ; gills four,' an accessory opercular gill ; tail hetracercal or unequal. The young have a sharp snout and very rough shelds, and the spines strongly hooked ; these .characters disappear with age. Length, six feet. Mississippi "Valley,. Great Lftkes and North. Feeding on small animals and plants, sucked in through the tube-like mouth. Lamprey. Ptromoan concolaJ^ / ' Body, eel-shapeli, naked, compressed behind ; mouth sub circular, armed with horny teeth, which rest on papillro ; giU openings seven,' arranged in a row along the side of the chest ; lips present fringed! nostril on top of the head, just in front of the eyes; color, bluish silvery, sometimes mottled, a small bluish spot above each gill opening. Length, twelve inches^ These animals attach themselves to" the Sturgeon and other large fishes, and feed by scraping off the fledi with their rasp-like teeth. Some of the species wiBre at one time considered a great delicacy. *ii. .>' «. W TTT-H depOBJiton of the itrau. The Sturgeon and Otrpike are alio members of the Ganoidei. The Dog-fiah seems to form the nearest approach of. the Oanoidei to the Teleastia or bony fishes, which constitute the majority of our modern species. , Cat-fish. Amtiurus nebulosut. Common bull-head, body more or less elongate; lower jaw not projecting ; dark yellowish brown, varying from yellowish to black ; sometimes sharply mottled with dark green and whiteish ; one of the commonest of Cat-fishes. Another species, A. vulgaris, having the lower jaw projecting, but resembling this in other particulars, is also abundant in rivers «nd swamps. Ihese fish generally rest upon the muddy bottom, moving slowly about with their barbels outspread. watching for anything eatable. They spawn in spring, and the oTd fishes lead the young in great schools near the shore, seemingly caring for them as a hen for l^er chickens. Lur it if gull and Oliv and aven ate. shoul brool knoidei. loidei to y of our jaw not ) black; e of the I'ing the , is also ipon the tspread. the old y caring Lurking under lome shady leAf. perfectly motionless, with its keen eye It IS always on the alert, and should a victim be detected, a rush, a gulp, and all is over. It is a native of the temperate waters of Europe and America. Its flesh white, flakey and excellent. Little Pickerel. Esox vtrmiculatut. A near relative of the Pike, it is also noted for its voracity. Olive green ; sides with many darker curved streaks, usually distinct • and more or less reticulate ; iins mostly plain ; ilesh white and good • average length, twelve inches. Creek Chub. Semotilus atromaculatus. Horned dace. Body robunt ; head large and broad ; barbel min^ nte. not evident in the young ; dusky, little silvery ; a dark bai^at shoulder ; young with dark lateral band, variable. In small, clear i.^'- I r' ^J tion supposed to be iKjssessed by these animals, and which, according to some, gives them the power of attracting their prey. My own observations lead to a very different conclusion, viz., that while the eye of snakes in general is very far from possessing any such power, it is the tongue that is the attraction. It will be seen that the snakes have a habit of protruding this organ, not in the manner* of other ajaimals, but with a rapid flickering motion, which any one might mistake for the movements of an insect hovering over some object. This I believe to be the intention of the snake, it is simply a lure for bird or frog, which, spying the tiuttering object, dashes toward it, intent on its capture ;"%n open mouth, a sudden dart, and the would- ' be victor becomes the victim. I think this will be found to be the true solution of the matter. My observations have been principally in connection with the Moccasin, which is comparatively sluggish in its movements, and which makes considerable use ot the tongue in this manner. - The true danger from a snake lies in the poison fangs, Tin soul wal< dani no V fork plat sent blaoi form to b< Mill blotc In Its native hauntH in North Carol ini to South Illinoiii. AHkanHas and southward, it is often found resting on overhanging buflhes over strearas watching for frogs and fishes. This species is considered even a more dangerous reptile than the Rattlesnake, and. unlike that animal, gives no warning of its presence. Chain Snakes* Thunder Snake. Othibolus getulus. Black, with narrow yellowish lines forking on tlie Hanks, each fork embracing a large black spot ; belly checkered ; scales 21, ventral plates 210 to 240 ; length CO inches, variable. This snake is repre- sented westward by variety {sayi) called the King snake. Lustrous black, many scales, ^with a yellow spot in the centre ; these sometimes forming cross lines on back ; belly blotched. A handsome snake, said to be an enemy of the Rattlesnake. Milk Snake. Housk Snakb. Ophibolus doliatus vartriangulus. Spotted adder, greyish, with three series of brown rounded blotches bordered with black ; about fifty of them in the dorsal row ; according My own while the power, it lie snakes •of other ne might le object. a lure for oward it, le would - to be the rincipally iiggish in ongue in on fangs, '••' -■"—■ . — t->m » n\tTt\;-v> m — ft m^i tt l »»^, WW. — l^V.\, 1 111^, 1111(1 IHCl •notlivr all over but about one foot, when it was rescued, and ia now alive. Cemophora coccima. GrimRon, with 20 to 20 black rings enclofling yellow ones ; yelloivish below. 8o\ithern to South Ohio and Arkansas. A very pretty and actife snak^, with lots of pluck. ^ Coluber emoryi. Ashy grey, with transverse brown blotches ; verticle plate elong- ated. It will be noticed that one of the specimens is differently marked, this probably owing to sexual distinction. Blowing Adder. Heterodon platyrhimis. Vary variable in coloring, fonietimds brownish, reddish, or even uniform black, var tiif^er, a peculiar snake ; when disturbed it de- presses and expands the head, hissing and threatening, but it is per- fectly harmless. Buil k Ci ca8|e Eag varii and and Twc of 1 Can Fisl Jb- ana naa d IN now )W ones ; A very ite elong- y marked, , or even ed it de- it is per- tr\,u»:iat iubb. \fmcn wm m uiualrati^d by practicttl work in the Building. / - , The prinolp»l exhibit of Birds and UitramaU is by Oliver Spanner A Com T»x»dermi«ts, 205 Yonge Street, and oompriaes a number of cases got up specially for this Exhibition, comprising three Bald Eagles, Coweena, Native Ducks, Sandpipers, and Plover ; over CO varieties of Native Birds, case of Australian Birds, Wijd Cat, Lynx, and Fox Squirrels ; a Screech Owl attacked by Blue Jays. Cases 18 and 14 obuined the only medal given at World's Fair for this class. Two males of Paradista augu^tievictoriae, a newly -discovered Bird of Paradise, from German New Guinea, the first evet brought to Canada, also a large nutuber ol Corals, Sea Fans, Sponges, Star Fish, <&c., &o. Several cases of Birds are exhibited by Mr. James (ioldie, of Guelph, and contain many specimonH thot are now rarely met with in such perfection ; the superior merit of this collection will at once be seen. ^^^^^^H ^^^^H \ \ \ . m. To • \ ^1 ' ip \ • nil ■!' 1 \ V ■ - ■ \ ' . ■'• « • • EXCF TELEP Hi- " \' ' \ H i '■ \ 4r . ; ' ■ ■ '^ ' : ; ■\--- :•■■■.;, .■^:y ■■■■:•■ ':■ -V-;-: « ounn iviMuunMiN, JK., Taxidermist, Votupolistt Etc. •iLVfd MtOALItT won a^IOIAL TAXIOIMMV (HIOHItT AWARD INOUtTNlAL eXMIBITION, 1801) BRONZt MtOALIBT, 1808, 1880 / All NotuffQl Histotvy Speeimens Ppeserved and Mounted in the Uotest Scien- tific Methods. EXCHANGES AND SALES IN CANADIAN AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS CANADIAN DUCK SKINS A SPECIALTY. NO. 98 WELLINGTON PLAGE, TELEPHONES 1720 k 185. \ TORONTO, OnT. . . THB AHNUAb . . military Tournament i Games . . or TMl . . A8th HlCHUANDEt^S, Will Im h«ld >l Dm ROSBOALB GROUND, TORONTO. SRTURORY, SEPT. 15th, 1894, Commencing at 2 p.ro. QlNIIIAL AOMItjilOM. 2ftO. RIMRVIO SlATt. lOO. IXTRA Qrano Stand. 60o. OAimiAOia. 60o. Pip« musl«. Danalng. AthUtias. Blay«l«^««««. BAYONET EXERCISE. PHYSICAL AND FANCY DRILL BY THE 48th HIGHLANDERS TUQ-OF-WAR. ETC. Capt. D. m. ROBERTSON. CtpL HACQILLIVRAY. Mt)or HACDONALO. Chairman. H«oy. Vi Mum HI. W, Mau»4{«r of UkiuM ttrgt. HUGH ROSE, AMl.fl«or«Ury, 80 King St. W«»t. £t9Jtr >ah^ df^ imesi T 1" 1 r MTO. 1 r at 2 p.m. 1 Wi ; 600. k). IRILL ;OONALD. aii«r o( (i*tuM 'Mt ^ \ Af ^ -i ^t •#:/, ;* ■*>.?^i:..'* «• ^^■i^ V . ^^ w Gold Fitli and Puh Giob«t. Bira C«ff« Appluii«««. BirW S««4i. He BIRDS >RCl ANIMALS STUFFED AND MOUNTED To Or«J«r, m Plril-QI«»» Slylt ArtiAcUl BfM o( ftll kiiidt in Slock. Bird. •)ilpp«d to all p«r(. of Canada and ih« UniUd SlaUt. . SEND FOR PRICE LIST NOTE THE ADDRESS ia9 QUEEN ST. WEST, - TORONTO .*.>