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[33
PLAIN
R E AS ON S, 6^c.
Fellow-citizens and Countrymen,
TH E time is at laft come, when duty, as
well as inclination, obliges me to addrefs
myfelf 10 you. on a fubjedl of the great*
eft importance. The liberty of the prefs
is not the leaft valuable of an Englilhman's privi-
leges; and though of no higher rank than a tradeC
man of the city, I am not afraid to write my
thoughts with freedom, and offer you my advice
in this bold and publick manner. 1 had the advan*
lage in my youth of being one year an apprentice
to an attorney, in which fervice I contrafted a great
afFe(5lion for the conftiruiion and the laws of my
country \ and although an accident took me out of
that honourable profertlon, yet the early iin£ture I
had received, together with the tafte for politicks,
that prevails fo much in the city, have made mc
apply mylelf, more than could be expefted from
one in my ftation, to the (tudy of publick affairs.
I need not explain the pains I havcT taken to make
myfelf mafter of the political fcience, nor point
out the means by which I have attained it. Befides
the books and pamphlets which are open to all, I
have often been admitted into the Houfe of Com-
A mons»
tmmm
^
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nions, on extraordinary days, by a door-keeper,
who is my cuftomcr and particular friend. I have
likcwife been long happy in the (Irideft intimacy
with the prefident of a certain club, who has a very
. torofound knowledge in the art of governmept. He
It was, I muft conFefs, who firft infpired me with
the defire of becoming an author, for he often af-
fured me, that there wais a gravity, clearnefs, and
confiftency, in my reafoning, that furprifed him.
I was flattered by his good opinion to undertake the
prefcnt work, which it has coft me no fmall labour
to coUefl: and to arrange. If 1 lliall be fo happy
as to be of any fervice to you, my dear country-
men, the lofs of time and of bufinefs, nay, even
the ruin of my wife and five children, ihall not
much difcompofe me. ' : .
I have been particularly attentive to a certain
great man, ever fince he re-alTumed his power;
and it was not long before I difcovered many grofs
errors in his adminidration, and perceived the ten-
dency of all his meafures to be fatal to his country.
But you were then To much dazzled by his fplendid
pretenfions, (o infatuated by his eloquence, and fo
elevated with a few trifling fuccelles,t hat the attempt
would have been vain to call you back to modera-
tion and common fenfe: But happily for you, the
cafe is now altered. A fingle event has opened your
eyes. An old lieutenant g 1 has broke the
charm. A dreadful mifcarriage on the coaft of
France, which you could not poflibly forefee, has
ihaken even Englllh conllancy : and your ears,
thank God, have been opcnM to the voice of rea«
fon and truth. Thofe noble patriots who have al»
ways fecreily oppofed the meafures of the great
pretender to reformation in the Hate, on the leaft
hint from you, will put thcmlelves in motion.
May God grant them courage in proportion to their
other
^
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wmmmmm
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other abilities, and we ihall fcon Tec tliem again
abfolute mafters of theK — aid K !
To you then, my long deluded countrj'mcn, and
fellow-citizens, do 1 addrefs myfelf on the com-
mencement of this neceflary ftorm of F — ft — n.
I am a plain man, and one of yourfelves ; and I
have nothing to fear or to hope for. From me then -
you may expe«St candour and impartiality, in my
work you Ihall certainly find the utmoft clearnefs
and perfpicnity. I hate the ftiff affeded ftile of
our modern writers, which often makes their works
of very difficult interpretation j and as for wit and
humour, I am bold to fay, that a man muft be with-
out morals, who can ufe them in i:he prefent de-
fperate ftate of his country.
»■■ '
To give you at once a proof how much I abhor
hints and infinuations as mean and dailardly arts, 1
will open up to you, without referve; the full ex-
tent of my delign, which is to convince you, if I
can, that the right honourable W P— , Efq;
one of his m y's fee ies of ftate, is a
m r extremely dangerous to his country, and to
lay before you a few plain reafons for removing
him from his m y's prefence and councils for
ever. As fanguine as my hopes of fuccefs are, it
is polTible they may be difappointed. But whatever
be the event, as my intention is fanftified by the
(iiicere love of my country, after this effort to fave
it, I Ihall at leaft, enjoy that peace and content-
ment of mind which arife from the faithful dif-
chargc of one's duty.
Before I proceed, I muft beg that the honourable
m rs of both h s of p 1 may not think
therafelves neglected, becaufe I have not addrefled^
myfelf to them in particular. I would not willing-
. ..... ly
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Ifcj
m
ip"pi
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ly offend any true-born Engliihtnan, atid far Icfs
fuch refpe£lable perfons ; but a I am certain thac
the love of their country is their ruling paflion,
and that many of them have private motives, be*
frdes, to wifli for the downfal of this proud and
irregular m — r, I vsrill leave them to the influ-
ence of ihefe moral caufes, and if they fhould
prove too weak in the breaft of any fcrupulous
m-. r, let him fwallov/ fuch of my plain reafons
as he likes beft, and they will infallibly cure him
of all his fcru pies. ^, r-.
VI
I
My firfl reafon for removing W ^ P Kfq;
from his M y's prefencc and councils for e-
ver, is becaufc he is the minifter of the people.
TH E faA is notorious, that without par — -tary
intercft, againft the inclinations of the c — t,
and in oppofition to a powerful f — {\ — n, Mr. P —
was railed by the voice of the people alone, in
time of danger, to the high (lation he now fills.
I do not fay that he is now a? dilagreeable to certain
illuftrious perfonages as he was at firft ; for there
are (omc who give our, that he is a^' artful in gain-
ing private clleem as in acquiring 'public confidence.
But I afnrm, ihat, beftdes the affront given by their
country to lb many greater and abler men, by this
piece of ill judged diftin«5lion, which mull: breed
an eternal refentment againft his pcrfon and admi-
niftraiion, the voice of the people may be confi-
dered as a kind of undue influence on the S-v~r n,
and ocher members of the Leg-fl-— t — re, and is
therefore highly illegal and unconftiiutional. If
former m rs have acquired dominion overP — ts
by corruption, which has been loudly complained
of, I do not fee that we are in any betrer condition
now, when the lame kind of power is attainable
ty means of the people's blind admiration of mag-
nanimity,
■^^"
nanimity, and the vain glory which arifes frt)m «t
obftinate purfuit of popular meafurei.
Ui
But there is a greater evil behind than any of
thofe 1 have mentioned : for if the m r fol-
lows the example of his great predeccflbrs in power,
he will be ever ready to comply with the humours
and interefted views of thofe who have raifed him.
As this man, therefore, was raifed by the peopl^
it is to be feared that he will ftudy to preferve their
favoun and in all his meafures pay regard to the
genius and intercft of the people of England,
which, God knows, has been ofjea found very
inconfiftent with maxims of ftaie, and the priitciples
of modern policy. I will make this as clear as the
light of day, by an inftance.
I could mention the habeas corpus bill, and the
a£l for encouragement of feamen, which are ex-
actly in point ; but as thefe are pad tranfaftions,
they would confine me ftridly to fa(5l, which is
a very great reftraint to an ingenious author. I
chufe therefore to reft my proof on fomething that
is future, though not in the leaft uncertain : let us
fuppofe then Mr» S- — y ? — t to be as fuccefsful
in the condu^ of the war as your hearts can de-
lire J yet when he comes at laft to treat about peacej
is it to be expefted tnat he will offer our enemies
i'uch terms as they can pofTibly agree to ? Will he
not ftand too much upon the honour of England?
Will he not fcruple to make fuch reafonable concef*
fions as may be neceflary for the trade and naval
power of our enemies ? Will he not infift on our
preferving fuch conquefts as may prevent the en-
croachments of France in all time coming ? And
will he not, by his unfeafonable obftinacy, hinder <
us from obtaining fuch a kind of peace, as has hither*
to been the end of all our wars, fuccefsful or un-
, fuccefsful ?
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fuccefsful ? Ic is plain then that his being the m-— r
of the people threatens ruin to England.
Were ic poflible for him to remain in power till
the concluflon of the war, I am confident the king
of France will infill on it as a preliminary article,
that he be compelled to relign his office, and leave
the management of the negotiation to men of cooler
heads, who underftand and regard the in-^reft of
Europe more than he does. Let us difmiis him
ourfelves, that it may never be faid to the difgrace
of the Englifh nation, that we have yielded to the
defire of a tyrant. And, indeed, 1 have no doubt,
that before I have done, I Ihall open fuch a cry a-
gainftthis prefumptuous darling of the people, as
will foon bringhi m down from his lofty height, to
the private flation from whence he role, which is
the proper fphere of an inhuman and untraftable
virtue. * " y >-
\
'^,.
Another reafon for difmifTing Mr. P — t, is becaufe
he was a chief promoter of the militia.
aln
T is evident, that in this refpeifl, he adled his
part well as a m — r of the people. No body,
^^^aTmolt, had ever dared before, ferioufly to think of
■ a fubjedl fo difagreeable to great men in power, and
to the worthy gentlemen of the army. Experience
had taught the lafl mentioned, that one Britifh fbl-
• dier was equal to ten of the militia of France ; and
• on that account, ihey were folicitous to fave us the
•; ihame and expencc of fo ufelefs a body. They
, hold that fighting is a trade, which no man either
can or ought to exercife unlefs he has ferved his
time to ic. Nay, to hear fome officers difcourfe on
, the fubjfift, one would think there was a fecret my-
(Icry in ihooting and being Ihot at, (fomeihing like
.. ihe
3!*
s;
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m— r
^er till
le king
irticle,
I leave
cooler
reft of
s him
ifgrace
to the
doubt,
crya-
pie, as
ght, to
hich is
amiable
)ecaure
ed his
body,
link of
^er, and
erience
kilh fol-
; ; and
us the
They
either
ved his
ur(e on
ret my-
ing like
the
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the mafon»word) which if a man does not know,
it is impoflible for him to be a warrior. . , ., . -
Whatever is the caufe of it, there is no doubt,
that in this relpedt, they are extremely zealous for
the honour of their country. And fo far have they
carried their zeal, as I have been told, that when a
a wrongheaded Yorklhire Squire, during the time
of the laft rebellion, raifed a company of voluntiers,
at his own expence, and marched them into the
North, fome of the good natured Oflf— rs of the
ar — ^y, took all the pains in their power, (with-
out leading the man into private quarrels, which
might have been dangerous to themfelves) to dif»
guu liim at the fervice j in which, at laft, they hap-
pily (ucceeded. f • . >: i kv ! ' :
I know it has been often faid that a ftanding ar-
my is unconftitutional and dangerous. And fuch as
our army was at the beginning of the war, it was
certainly thought improper or infufHcient for the
defence of this ifland j for we fent for many thou-
fund foreign troops to fecure us againft the invafion.
Fear feized the people. Some were afraid of the
invafion, and fome of the foreign mercenaries; but
the whole najion called for arms, as their forefa-
thers always had done upon the like occafions ; arms
were offered them ; but, happily for the nation,
they had changed their minds. The danger was o<
ver, and they had recovered their fenfes again.
And let it never be forgotten for the honour of
England : the people rejeded thofe very arms, with
difdain, which they fo lately demanded with cla-
mour ; and thereby gave the noblefl: proof of a deli-
cate love tf liberty that is to be found in ail the
annals of mankind.
I have heard of a people called the Cappadocians,
fome where in the Eaft, or on the coall of Africk,
who,
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who^ in the times of the Romans, refufed liberty
when it was offered them ; but then it is probable,
thai they had no hope of obtaining the ufe of arms,
Avithout which their liberty would have only ferved
to keep them in perpetual terror of their warlike
neighbours. Whereas the Englilh, in full poflefllon
of liberty, the freeft people upon earth, refufed
arms when they were offered them, becaufe to ac-
cept of them wouU have betrayed a fufpicion that
the liberty of fo brave a people could aver be in
danger. ■ * ' ■ * • ...».--
It has been faid that there is a noble band of pa-
triots behind the c — rt — n, on whofe part neither
vigilaDce nor zeal are wanting to fruftraie the
fchemes of the mender of the ftate ; and 'to their
artifices the mifcarriage of the militia a£l has been
afcribed. But as I am confcious of my own abhor-
rence of arms, efpecially of firelocks, I cannot give
thcfe great men (whom I honour) the praife I think
due to the people of my native land. It has been
reported too, that the m — r and his friends are ve-
ry indifferent about the militia aft, in the form in
which it now ftands. If that is the cafe, I could al«
moft wifli it were put in execution ; for if he ever
has power to carry through an aft: of his own, the
good Lord have mercy upon us! There will not
then be a fhop-keeper of us aU, but muft ftand four
or five hours a week under arms, and perhaps on
great days be obliged to Ihoot. Rather than fuft'er
fuch an encroachment on liberty and property, I
will give my ronfcnt to furrender the llland to the
French or the Germans. -
i
There is- nothing in the world, let me tell you,
my dear friends and countrymen, that would pro-
voke me to fire a gun ; and I confels it was this
fame militia aft which firll put me on my guard a-
gain/t
m.
gainft this bol^ and dangerous m — r. There wa«
fomething fo romantick and daring in his attempt
to arm a free people, that I began to fufpedl he was
very wrongheaded. Befides the ills I have men-
tioned, this adt is fraught with a thoufand more that
I have not time to enumerate. The few following
will ferve as a fample* The militia aiH;, in procels
of time, would have made the landed Interefl: an
overmatch for the monied Intereft, under which
we have been fo long happily governed : and then
a Lord or a ^Squire would have been a greater man
than the greateft ftockjobber in London. It would
have infallibly deftroyed the game, and loft us the
glory of being the fineft fporting country in the
world. By doubling the number of warlike men,
it would have expoied our wives and daughters to
double danger j and which is worft of all, it would
have diminiihed the public credit, becaufe all Eu-
rope would hav« thereby perceived, that we were
not in a condition to maintain a fufHcient (landing
^rmy. , >
My third reafon for humbling this haughty m — r,
is, becaauie he harrades the army beyond all ex-
ample. • ' • .. •
IS prcdeceflors in power either colle^led the
military force of Great Britain round the
capital, where cantoned in towns and villages, or
encamped on fome of the wholefome Downs, they
wa'ted peaceably for a foreign invafion ; in which
fituarions the ofHcers of diftinflion had the full en-
joyment of all I he plcafures of life, as became free
Britons ; and did no duty but what conduced to
health, and ferved to whet their appetites for deli-
cate fooi!, beautiful women, and moderate play :
or, at the word, they were fent over •a a body t»
the plains- of Flanders, to wage reguiai- war under
B generals
capital
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generals of ability, for the glory of their country,
and to maintain the balance of power. But our new
condu£lor of the war has altered the whole (yftem.
and made a commilTion in the army as intolerable
as a place in the gallies of France, or a ftation in
Bride wel. For not to mention his fending the Half
of our troops to North America to be icalpcd by
Indians, or blown up by the more perfidious French,
and thofe devils the Canadians ; has he not for ma*
ny months been contriving and executing expedi-
tions to the coaft of France, for no apparent reafon
but to vex, fatigue, and harrafs oqr troops, and e-
fpecially thole pretty gentlemen the o — rs of the
g- ds, beyond what they are able to bear ? The
man, as I have difcovered in the courfe of my read-
ing, was once an officer of the light horfe himfelf,
fo that it is very difficult to conceive, what can ex-
cite his rage fo much againft his own order.
If I have any notion of the military art, the great
objeft of it is the prefervation of the army j and
from the minutes of feveral courts martial, which
) have lately perufed, I have learned that the fafety
of his majefty's troops was formerly not only the
m — r*s, but the g — n — r- — I's chief care in the con-
duct of the war. Bur, if this man be fuffered to
proceed, at the rate he has begun, for one year
longer, I am really of opinion that no man above
the rank of a colonel will remain in the anny.
And what will becomei of an army without gene-
rals ? It is ncedlefs to explain. Many of the moft
antient and re'pe^able otficers have already declin-
ed the fcrvice ; and fuch an univerfal difcontenc
prevails among them, that I tremble for the ap-
proach of that hour, when the whole hoary band,
who, like the venerable lions on the heads of our
fhips, have ftood lb many (lorms of battle, and cut
their way through fo many feas of blood, flial),
with
mmm
t n 1
with one content, lay down their truncheons at the
feet of their mafter. For my part, I would rather
be a ihoe black, or rake the kennels for hob-nails,
than ferve as a 1— t or m«^r g— 1 under fuch an en*
cerprifing and expedition-making min — r.
I do con f els, my dear countrymen, that, upon
this fubjeA, 1 cannot keep my temper. It is not
the creat men themfelves I To much regret ; for
molt of them, thanks to the difcerning fpirit of our
former m — rs, and the gratitude of their country,
are able to live independent of the fcrvice ; and
the remainder, if they pleafe, will find refuge
and red in the armies of the monarch of PruHia*
But, it is the fervice itfelf, it is the conduct of
our future armies, it Is the honour of my coun-
try, that makes me fo earned on this part of my
fubjet^.
In the name of all the powers of war, why was
he not contented with the mifcarriage of the expe-
dition in the year 1757 ? Why muft he contrive
new projeAs to (lamp the names of the comman-
ders of that famous year, and the great things they
might have done, ftill deeper on the memory of the
public ? Had he any reafon to think that there were
abler or better men than they upon the lids, or men
who had the honour and intered of their country
more at heart I No, it is evident his defign mud
have beei) to ruin the army altogether, by contriv-
ing impoinble defcents upon the coad of France, or
fuch as are worle than impofTible.
h is very true that the fliipping at St. Malocs
have been burnt, and the bafon of Cherburg blown
up ; and it is poiBble too, that 50,000 troops have
been detained on the coads, who, but for our a«
. larms,
^-^x.
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t 14 3
larmsy bad been on the banks of the Rhine. Bvl
dkl vre not lofe 300 men at St, Cas ? And is not the
life of a fingle Britifh foldrer of more value than a
thoufand wooden ibip?, or ten thoufantl bulwarks
of (lone? And as for th€ detaining of ^o^ooo
Frenchmen at home» I rather compute that as lofs.
For befides that France had the advantage of their
pay, which would have been fpent in Germany but
for our invafions ; if fo great a number of troops
had joined their army in Weftphnlia, they would
have been much more ilreightned for provifiont,
and the vidlory at Crevelt would have been dill
more glorious.
But great and unaccountable as our lofs was^ in
the late defcent upon the coatl of France, there is
one eircumflance relating to that expedition which
gives me more pain than the lofs we have fuftained;
A circumftance which, if forefeen by the m r
as barely poifible, there is no punifhment he does
not deferve. It Is this ; That lince the days of the
Edwflfds and the Henrys, the Englilh have had no
opportunity of fighting the French upon equal
terms in their own country, till the 10th or nth
of laft September. I tremble when I think of the
imminent danger our army efcaped. A g 1 af*
rer the m r's own heart would have certainly
fought. With an Englifh P - ce once more on
French ground, with the fortune and valour of
another Eilward on his fide, he would have
feized the glorious opportunity, which the chance
of war brir.gs round in 500 years. He would have
fought, L\.d what would have been the confe-
qucnce ? U* we may believe in pad examples of
the like firLiation, and in the acknowledged brave*
ry oF oiiv troops, it is. more than probable he
would 'nave been vidorious. He would have em*
barked u'. his Icifure, and returned in triumph j
and
I
C «5 ]
and neKt fumtner we fhould have tn^de ivar exaA^
]y in the fame manner ; a thing, as I have fh6wn,
utterly difagreeable to all the great o — ^rs, andpre^*
ty g — rl— m— n of the army, I do aflfure you, nljr
dear friends,' the very thoughts of the hazard we
run of making a Cred^ or an Agincourt of it, has
kept me awake many a night ; and my indignation
againrt P — r is raifed in proportion to the homber
of fleeplefs hour^ he has cod me; Let us thank
heaven, which better direfted our g — — 1 ; hiid he
yielded to his own (hipid impetuofityy orlidened
to the advice of one raih c 1, we had b^en un-
done by fuccefs. But the guardian angel of Britaiii
interpofed, in her well known fhape, of a council
of war. We turned our backs, and thd enemy
gave us a kick in that fide which wa$ turned to
them ; and Sdi fuch idle expeditions are sit an end
for ever. « . . ;,
. -.Atr
But what have been the confbquences of this ^vat
of alarms, expeditions ahd enterprifes I Has li not
produced things ftrange and unheard of in the ifland
bf Britain ?. Have nt)t upflarts and beardlefs boys
gained fome name in the army I Heretofore it "waS
age, and long fervice in the field of war, or of St.
St — ph — n's J it was a moded deference to the o-
pinions, and an implicite fubmilFion to the will of
their (uperiors (which are the great principles of
military difciplinc) that procured men preferment
in the army. But now, to be impudent enough
to talk of battles and of fieges, to have what they
call a genius for war, as if a man could be born a
general any more than he could be born a button-
nirt^*.er : and when in the field to have minded
fomething befides their platoons or battalions
(which is abfolutely contrary to good difcipline)
thefe, -and fuch as thefe, are now the chief quali-
. . ' • tics
■,•5
ii.
V
V .
p
I l6 2
ties that recommend a man to favour and prefer-^
ment.
A fourth reafon againft Mr. S — ^y P— t la, hecauie
he fets himfelf in opposition to the eftabliihcd
manners of the age.
THE clergy, it is true^ whofe trade it U, and a
few half- thinking dry moralifls, have been
long declaiming againO: the excelTive luxury of the
times ; but it is well known to every condderate
citizen of London, that without luxury this nation
were undone. ^Vhat is it that fupports foreicn
trade but luxury ? What promotes the quick circufa"
tion of property but luxury ? How are the indnftri*
ous poor to be maintained, but by fupplying all the
necelTiiies which luxury alone creates to the rich ?
.It would be tedious to go round the circle by which
it can be demonftrated, that there were no hopes
of ever being able to pay the national debt but by
the encouragement andf growth of luxury. And
it would be as needlels as tedious, becauie every
reader will perceive the truth of the propofition
with half an eye.
Now I am credibly informed that the prefent
m — r keeps but a very moderate cable, has but a
very few lervants, and indeed fees but very little
company ; in ihort, that he copies the (implicity of
antient manners, and is fo odd as to divert his lei-
fure hours, if he has any (for that is uncertain)
in reading of bool^, or with a chofen friend or two
and his own wife and children. Whence I con-
jecture that he is either covetous, or has a flow un*
derilanding, or really defigns to difcourage luxury
by his example. That the fird is not his cafe, I
will do him the juftice to allow, becaufe he has
fcmetimes (hewn a very fooliih prodigality, fome
inAanccs
* '■
lEi
infiances of which I mall probably mention hereaf-
ter. I rather incline to think that he is a man of
very flow underftanding, and is obliged i j fee little
company, that he may have the more time to plod
on the affairs of the ftate. For that the bufinefi
of this great nation can be carried on with very
little expence of tl.ne, or of thought, to men of
ability, is manifeft from the example of many of
his predeceHbrs. And that he is a man of very li-
mited parts, appears farther from the choice he has
made of a great many bl — ^kh — ds to ferve under
him at feveral of the boards. For it is very re«
markable that his ch>ef favourites are thofe, who,
like himfelf, are feen very little in public places,
and are all day long to be found puzzling their
heads in their refpc^tive offices.
' But (lupidity itCelf can never account for the
fcantinefs of his table, and the plainnefs of his e-
auipage ; for there is nothing to hinder dulnefs it-
lelf from living in great fplendor even in folitude.
It is therefore plain that he not only wants capa-
city, but has formed an abfurd defign to difcou-
rage good living by his example. And fince this
is really the cafe, it is amazing that the trading pare
of this nation can hear his name mentioned with
patience. For befides the hurt he intends to do the
induftrious tradefman, and merchant, by drying up
the great fource of their gains, this fcheme will put
an end to their defire of riches, fince, if it fuc-
ceeds, it will be next to impofTible for them to find
a bankrupt lord, with whom to marry their daugh-
ters.
The man is fubjeft to the gout, and an abflemi-
ous diet may be neccflary for his health. But woul4
he feed all England on boil'd beef becaufe he mui^
Jive on water gruel ? Or is it fo rare a thing for
* ♦ / great
[18]
great perfons to live in the midft of pleafures which
they cannot enjoy ? Eating and drinking hav« been
vfeful inftruments of government ever fince it was
formed, and I hope in God it ihall not be in the
power of any (ingle m— r to bring them into dis-
credit. The more I think of the nnfeafonablenefs
and unjuftice of this part of his conduct, the more
I aiii per fwadea that his adminifl ration cannot pof.
fibly fad. I know the conftitution of the city of
London, and the method of managing bufinefs
there; and, 1 mayjbe allowed to have fome little
hotion of the Influe e of turtle and of. venilon.
But in the rriean time, alas ! the figure of the na-
tlon mud fink in the eyes of foreigners, much more
than he can raife ^t by his vaunting expeditions;
for oirr feafts were become the wonder and envy
of all Europe. In this refpedl we had arrived at a
high pit^h of glory. . We excelled all the modern
world, and came the nearetl of any nation to that
dfelicacy of tafte and profufion of expence which
was exhibited by the great emperors and (enators
of Rome in their private entertainments.
I iieed hardly mention gaming, a branch of luxu-
ry eiicouraged by able datefmen, as of infinite fer-
vice to a great nation, as it occafions a brifk circu*
lation of money ; fharpens the genius of young
men of fafhion, and breeds them to bufinefs; dif
ciigages them from the purfuit of bad women, or
inaeed of any women whatever; entirely roots out
the love of wives or children, and breaks ail the
bonds of friendfliip ; affe^ions that often interfere
with their duty to the publick; and by bringing then;i
by times into neceflTity, not only hardens them a<
gaind inisfostunc^, but fits them above all things
for the fervice of the date. But our new dateC-
man, it is certain, never plays ; and it is whifpered,
that, in this refpeA, he is imitated by a few young
people
'c ...
» .
^\
» I
f,
C 19 ]
people of great fortunes. It is ealy to foretel what
will happen if he continues long at the head of
our affairs ; a race of independent lords and gentle-
men will arife, under his influence, who may dif-
turb the tranquillity of the ft^e, and poflibly over-
turn it. And this prophecy will appear to be but
too well founded, it you'll confider,
Another reafon I have for |)uirtng dowr this lofty
m r, that is, becaufe in his fortune we have
feen an example of the height to which a man
may rife by eloquence and magnanimity.
I Remember that a good many years ago, I heard
it affirmed by a leading member of the royal '
fociety, that the very end of eloquence, is, by an
artfnl addrefs to the imagination and palTions, to
miflead the underftanding. And ever fmce that time,
I have been of opinion, that a man of true probity
would no more give ear to an orator, than a per*
fon of chaflity would fafl^en his eyes on a harlot*
Truth is always naked, and when any thing afTumec
her name, and at the fame time appears drefled out
with many gaudy ornaments, you miny be furc ic
is not truth, but fallhood. I might appeal to your .
own experience, fellow citizens, and afk you
if you have not been oftiner cheated and befooled
by thofe we call well-(poken men, than by all
the world befides? Thcufeof eloquence, therefore,
upon any occafion, mull be highly immoral,
I have read, fomewhere or other in a book
oi hidory, that it was the cuQom of fome an-
tient city, for the Iheriffs to hear caufes and
pronounce fentence in the dark ; left, I fuppofe,
tne perfons, or the behaviour of the parties, ihould
have prejudiced the judges in their favour, and in-
clined them to pervert juOice, And if partiality
can make its way into the mind of man by the eye,
C there
r 20 3
there is nothing to hinder it from entering there
by the ear alTo. AVhen you have a bad caufe before
tny of the courts of law, do you not employ that
counfellor who is the bell pleader and has mod e-
loquence ? And for what reafon ? Why furely, that
by his falfe and deceitful glofles you may perfuade
the judke out of his fen fes, and (Wav him to favour
your fide of the queftion. And fx)r what other
reafon can it be, but on account of its immorality,
that fome of our mod pious and learned b-ih~p9,
and a great part of the clergy, have totally laid a-
fide the ufe of eloquence as unbecoming the chair
of truth and gravity ?
It is to me matter of great wonder, how the wif>
doni of this nation can permit the debates in parli-
ament dill to be carriea on by the fpeeches of the
members. I am fure it would be infinitely better
if each of them delivered his opinion in writing,
on a Hip of paper, which the clerk might colleA
into a box, which box IMr. Speaker could carry home
in his coach, and then difcover the fenfe of the ma-
jority over a bottle of wine at his leifure j as we
are told the king of PrulTia always does when he calk
a council of war. Many advantages would accrue
from this method of debating, for it would preferve
that equality among the members which is eflenti-
al to our conftitution ; it would prevent the difco-
vcry of many important fecrets of government, by
thofe blabbing fellows who are always giving theiri-
feives airs : it would fave the nation an immehfe
fum that is laid out for fpeaking^, and, which is not
of the lead importance, it would let them home to
their dinners before three o'clock, and put an end
to that heaihenifh cudom of turning night into
day.
After having faid fo mucli againd eloquence,
the application of it to my prefent purpole, diall
,. ;.. ■■ ..! i be
be very fiiort* It Is generally thought that this fame
Mr. P — t, whofe power gives me fuch concern, not
only exccUs all of our own age and nation in that
bewitching eloquence which overpowers the mind,
but comes the neareft of any modern to Cicero and
Demofthenes, thofe greateft maders of the arc of
fpeaking which the antient world has to boad of.
If it were now lawful to believe in forcery and en- .
chantmenty I Ihould certainly be of opinion that this
arch-orator is in compadt with the devil ; for a very
reafonable and good man once told me, that when
Mr. P — t was got to his height in one of his great
fpeeches, he verily thought that the parliament
houfe (which is as large as many of the churches in
the city) wis Ihrunk to the dimenlions of an ordi-
nary clofer. I could have no conception of what
my friend meant, if he had not explained himfelf
by adding, that if the aflembly of the Gods, which
heathen authors talk (o much of, could be convok-
ed again, or if all the kings and emperors of the
earth, with all their retinues, could meet in fome
vafl place, like the amphitheatre of Vefpafian at
Rome, the dignity of fuch an aflembly could not fur-
f)ars the greatnefs of the man, and the power and
plendour of his eloquence.
And having told you this ftoiy, the article of mag*
nanimity will need little illultration ; becaufe all
good authors, who have wrote upon the fubjedl,
lay it down as a principle, that to excel in eloquence
a man muft have this quality likewKe. For my owa
part, I do not fee the connedlion, for I know feve--
ral fneaking fellows who are exceedingly well fpo-
ken. Be that as it may, our ftatefman is none of
the(e, and all men allow that by thefe two talents
alone he has arrived at the fummit of power. And
this, I mud infift upon it, is a very dangerous ex-
ample, that may be remembered for a century to
come.
J
[ 22 ]
come. When ambitious young men have ^ifcovcr-
ed this new road to preferment, they will certain-
ly take into it if they can* Eloquence will become
. their favourite ftudy, and they will wholly ncgle^
all the other arts that are fo ornamental xo human
life, and fo honourable to their country ; as neither
horfe-racing, nor coach*driving, nor bruifmg, nor
cocking, nor any other, fpecies of gaming, can be
of the lead ule in acquiring eloqUw'ncc, they will
abandon them for ever* O England ! O my coun-
try!
But this is not all, for magnanimity, when richt*
ly interpreted, (ignifies a flubborn and unyielding
temper; a mind infenfible of the charms of richest,
or of pleafure : it (ignifies a proud and difdainful
fpirit, that is uncapable of complying, and will hold
on its own courfe, through poverty and dilgrace, or
even death itfelf; and if the youth of this nation
arc to be trained up in fuch principles, judge ye,
m^ dear fellow citizens and countrymen, how it
will be pofTible to govern it. There is but one re«
medy, and that is in your hands. It was you who
raifed him, and you muft e'en pull him down a»
fain. Wiih unanimous voice you muft petition the
— g to remove him from his prefence and coun*
cils forever; and fo ihall you infallibly draw off
our young nobility and gentry from the ftudy of
pernicious arts. For as the wife man fays in the
Proverbs, " though the man of underftanding will
not always take advice, yet even the fool will lake
warning."
<(
It
t'k
Another reafon for difmifTing Mr. S y P — t, is
becaule he is a great cncourager of learning.
1
F the man himfelf is truly learned, I will venture
to pronounce that he is altogether unfit to be
• . ^ . . • prime
mi
T
Brii
3
prime m— — r ^f Great j^ritain. For I have kndwa
many fcholarS; and have never yet met with one
who could fo much as comprehend the courfe of exp
change, and much lefs underftand qU the dark my*-
fleries of the art of flock-jobbings And how a
fcholar of a m r {hall be ablle to fettle the ways
and means, and with the help of his Greek andLar
tin go through all the perplexing mazes of the fundi
and finances, is quite unexplicable to me.
I have heard, indeed, that there are certain infe»
rior m — rs to whom the care of thofe important
branches are committed, and in whofe honefly as
Ivell as fkill, our great man has implicite faith.
But I have my own doubts^ that men of his chu-
ilng will be too like himfelf, fine florid holiday de-»
daimers, but quite uncapable of doing real bufi<
ne(s. Or if they are indeed men of bufinefSf I
laugh much at their pretences to honefVy in that
ilridt (enfe fome old people now affcft to ufe the
word* We of the city know wha: it is to have the
handling of money, and it is impolTible to convince
us that any one, but a fool, can let millions pals
through his hands, as if they were fo many lea-
fhells, or dead flies for the Britifh Mufcum.
I heard a pleafant indance of our great man's
learning, given, not long ago, in a cofree*houfe by.
s. i'mart Oxonian, who thought he had hit on fome*
thing extremely clever, " At laft," fays he, " we
" have got a man of learning and parts, who has
" read the antients, and avails himfelf of his read-
ing, at the head of our affairs. It would have
been long ere any of our flatefmen of Arthur's
College, who never read any books but Hoyle and
** Demoivre, had difcovered the true method of
making war upon France : but Mr. P-7-t has
learned ftom Thucydides, the prince of biflori*^
ans,
ti
it
tt
U
«
u
f^
■i
i\
: V
I «4 ]
" ans, in what manner the frntll (late of Athens
** exerted its naval power, and by expeditions and
*' defcents became the moft formidable republick
** of all Greece." " And it would have been long/'
replied old flyboots, from a corner, " ere the able
** flatefmen you defpife would have contrived fuch
** a ridiculous and impradlicable lottery as that of
" the year fifty-feven." The Oxonian grumbled
Ibmething in contempt of the noble fcience of cal-
culation, then flrutted to the other end of the
room, and called for cofiee.
What ground they have for it is more than I can
tell ; but it is certain that many of the wits at our
end of the town, plume themfelves not a little on
the learning and tafte of the m r, as if there
were an hundred poet laureats to be appointed in
a year or two. They tell you that if you look back
through the hiftory of the human mind (a book that
I have fearched for in vain through the whole c'ty)
you will find that great genius's always come in
nocks to any country like the birds of padage ; and
that if you have feen one, you may be fure that
more will very foon appear. They quote certain pe-
riods of time, which in a certain jargon of their
own, they call by the name of Siecles ; and they
flatter themfelves that fuch a period is now begun,
which will prove a perfect golden age to poets,
painters, architedls, ^nd fiddlers. If thefe are the
genius's they are fo fond of, for my part, I Ihould
be very glad to fee them all fairly on t'other fide of
the channel, except one. I mean that excellent
anift who built the Manfion-houfe with its Egyp«
tian hall, and the nobje row of lamps all along the
magnificent entrj'. That folid edifice I confefs is
worthy of the chief magiftrate of fo great and
opulent a city, for there is not a fingle chimney
in the houfe but I'll be fworn, has more marble in
, it
^■4^'
that
it than any five of iheir boafted tombs in Wcft-
minfler abbey. And it would make me extremely
happy to haTc The opportunity of drinking a glals
with the worthy gentleman, who, I hear, comes to
town every year and dines at a tavern hard by
the Manfion-ljoufe, merely for the pleafure of
p — (P—ng againit the wall of the hugell and moft
ponderous houle in the world.
But to return to my fubje«5):, and to tell truth,
what alarms me moft, is that this m— : — r and (bme
more of the fame ftamp are openly prote