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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 --"' v.>i ■;;.•■ cv . ■ I -ii, v;. ■-;/-' '.' V HMMiP i*-" /^.:\-:^ ..;;<^.,, y^l'- ?) / t AIJEEN'S BIRTH-DAY, 1880. ". QUEBEC, ITS GAXES AND ENVIRONS. Soiiieffim alioiit llie Streets, Lanes aaS Early History of tie ANCIENT CAPITAL. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS, PLAN OP THE SHAM FIGHT, &o., «&c., Sso. THi: OM) I'RIjaCOTT GATE. QUEBEC : T'RINTKD AT THE " MOHNlNTr CHRONICLE" OFFICE. 1880. i' ■'•7 , ■':■ > CW '^'^'^^■''^^:'iW0'^"'' '■■ 'iiW» IIU- ?.' •->». f '■ 'f . J 1 I ■ ':>-.--'vb(,'^^*'2^'-^/ ■■■■ .^ ^ , V ''^Ws Hotel/ whijc^' 1$ jlnyivAlMd:^!- ^i?e, ^styl6 and HQcaUty- in Quebec^ is ofcfefl thpoufflioiit^^^'&^ ve^ for 5^p$asufe%n(3^ busirtesf tfeycl, h^vihg accominoclation for 1 (« ,r'^ny y ■'.;-.,■• ,■■■■■ '-.^ ■■' ■ •■'■■■■' .fi--:j-:v^x.t, yi;-. ■#' > . r ^1 ^TWWfW^TF ;rc- >.».-u,-r », ^'^ . QUEEN'S BIRTH-DAY, 1880 ■ ' Jfc' ' "■ . '- ■ /■ "r ^ ■■ * . • VC, '■1 : (' QUEBEC, Its Gates and Environs. SoiBBiliiai aloil tie Slresls, Laies mil Early Eistorj of lie ANCIENT CAPITAL. Bv J. M. LeMOINEI. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS, PLAN OP THE SliAM PiaHT?, &o., &o., &;o. ■- »M» "»•/•-*.■ 'V./"'!-"*-''*-^*-''-*^'"*-'"' QUEBEC : PRINTED AT THE "MORNING CHRONICLE'' OFFICi:, 1880. iXI m r, t*!". o56 CANADA NATIONAL LIBRARY BIBLIOTHtQUE NATIOJALE '^'•. - \ : . ^ <■'■- V:- .'■ -,S(; ■'■ ./'' * , '-J . .^ ,\f ■ ''''''■"i. •M ■■"'?..-'"- In view of the large number of visitors which thq present celebration of the birth-day of Her Most Gra- cious Majesty, Queen Victoria, will attract to the old rock-bound city of Quebec, this pamphlet is issued, in the hope that it will supply a want which strangers have felt for some years past. This little brochure is not a mere guide-book filled with ordinary details, but a useful and valuable hand-book, containing interesting historical data about the old and new gates of the city, gossip about the streets and lanes and alleys of the town, annals of the quaint places which abound in and around the Ancient Capital, details and a plan of the sham fight which is to take place on the memorable Plains of Abrahan, the scene of the great batde in 1759 between Wolfe and Montcalm, together with a concise history of Spencer Wood, the home of the Lieutenant-Governors of the Province, and other details of interest to the tourist and traveller. This pamphlet fills a unique place in the literature of Canada, and its pages cannot fail to instruct, as well as amuse and entertain, Good wine, it is said, needs no bush. It is scarcely necessary to say anything further in the way of introduction ; the pages which follow tell their own story. ii V,' f ^''# I I ■ MBi>«m i n mmmuiKmmiimHtt~' -X. IbU . I ll>;1\iMBlla»> d.^. . / THE REVIEW OH THE QUEEN'S BIRTH-DAY. The following troops will assomblo iii Quebec to cele- brate the Queen's birth-day : — Men. "A" and *'B" Batteries, 4 guns 300 The Queen's Own Canadian Hussars, two troops. 80 Field Battery , 70 2 Garrison Battery ) ^ o New G-arrison Battery., i --"^ 8th Infantry , 050 'Jih " 300 1,200 The Prince of Wales 05Q Victoria Rifles 325 5th Fusilier Eoyal Scots 275 Cth " ....". 075 Goth Battalion 300 62nd Battalion (St. John, N. B.) 275 2,900 In all, 2 troops cavalry, 2 field batteries, 5 garrison bat- teries, 8 infantry battalions. The corps from a distance will arrive early on Sunday morning, under arrangements made for their transport. The troops will be drawn i\y> in line upon the Plains of Abraham at half-past eleven o'clock, for which purpose no corps should arrive on the ground later than eleven o'clock. The Ime will face the St. Louis road, and be drawn up as far back from it as the ground will permit. If there is not space enough for the line the cavalry and artillery on the right will be thrown forward en polcncc. I THE SHAM FIGHT ON Tl A. First position of attacking force. B. A dva nee posts of defenders. C. Supports of defenders. I). Limit of advance of attack. E. Main body of defenders previous to sortie, G. Saluting position. ^/t^£-/? S.'- LA SCALE — 6 inches to a mile. Contours represent 25 fe«t difference of level. ;ht on the plains of Abraham. CMAtfP rn^n^"'' es to a mile. t/ difference of level ^«/, '^>P 1. Chronicle Office, 2. St. Louis Hotel. 3. Parliament Buildings. 4. Martello Towers. 5. Jail. 6. North Shore Railway StaHm, 7. St Paul's Market. 8. Toll Bar. 9. Garrison Club. 10. St. Foy^s Monument, 11. St. Foye's Toll Bar. 12. Commissioner's Wharf. ^ I I n' > v> ■'T m 6 His Excellency the G-overnor General and Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise will, upon arrival, be received with a Royal salute from the line with colors drooped and band playing the National Anthem. His Excellency and Her Royal Highness will probably then ride down the line and inspect the troops, j)receded by the staff in the regu- lated order of formation. The band of each regiment will strike up as the procession approaches the right flank of the corps. The order will then be given for the troops to load with blank cartridge. At noon a Royal salute (md feu de j'oie will bo fired in honor of Her Majesty's birth-day. After eaoh seven guns the infantry will fire one round of running fire three times successively. When arms are ordered, the order will be given " off hats and three cheers for Her Majesty." The troops will then march past in column and quarter column, preparatory to which the infantry will form quarter column on the right companies of battalions, the cavalry and artillery conforming. Immediately after marching past the troops will bo form- ed for the following evolutions of a field day : — The attacking force will consist of about 1200 men, and will be formed on the low ground at the extreme edge of the Plains, close to the Marchmont fence. It will be com- posed of the following corps under the command of Lieut. - Colonel Strange, R. A. : — Half troop of cavalry, Quebec Field Battery, "A" and "B" Batteries (without guns), the 8th Battalion, the 9th Battalion and the C2nd Battalion. The remainder, with the four guns of "A" and "B" Batteries, will compose the defending force, and will at once proceed to take position under the walls of the Citadel, either in the ditches or the low ground in front of them. They will throw parties of riflemen into the two Martello towers and forni' Will leave one corps of riflemen tinder cover of the broken ground near those towers, and another behind Wolfe's monument. Lieut.-Colonel Duchesnay will command this force. The Western walls of the Citadel will be manned by the five Garrison Batteries of Artillery, and the guns on the bastions commanding the approach from the Plains will have gwn detachments told ofi" to each. Should an attack from the river take place, the guns on the King's Bastion and Eastern face of the Citadel must also be manned. The troops in the Citadel will be under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Irwin, R.A. On a signal being given, the attacking force will advance in order of attack across the Plains of Abraham, they will be first assailed by the outposts near Wolfe's monument, upon which they will open fire and drive them in. The Martello towers and supporting corps of riflemen, \vill open fire upon the assailants when within range. The towers will be captured and the troops driven in, retiring in skirmishing order upon the main body in the Citadel ditches. The assailants advancing and steadily firing upon the retiring outposts will suddenly be arrested by a fire from the Citadel walls, and simultaneously by a sortie of the infantry concealed in the ditches. This main body now reinforced by the outposts will ad- vance in order of attack over the cove common and rouirli ground covered by the fire from the fortress. They will recover the Martello towers and detach a bat- talion of infantry supported by cavalry to the right in w '\ .:• ^'•■'.:\i h'"r r 1^ '. l'»','' ':-«^ 8 btclGr to turn the left flank of the retiring force by the St. Louis road, and reach the plains by the gate way near the toll bar. The retiring force will dispute the ground at every obsta(;le, especially when there are enclosures and jDailings to coyer riflemen, but the opposing forces must never approach nearer than 200 yards from each other. "When the retreating force again reaches the open Plains of Abraham assailed on the left flank by the turning move- ment and in rear by the continually advancing forces, before which they are retiring, they will fight a retreating action till they again reach the point of low ground from which they originally advanced and where they will be lost to sight. A charge of cavalry might then be made across the Plains in locse order, performing the pursuing practice, with the supposed object of completely dispersing the enemy. The operations of the troops of all arms when passing and repassing through the enclosed ground, between the new jail and the Martello towers, will require the exercise of th(5 utmost military intelligence and circumspection on the part of the commanders and all the regimental officers and men employed. Should a demonstration be made by one or more of Her Majesty's ships from the river, I suggest the ships get under weight in the morning and droj) down towards the Island of Orleans. On approaching the city of Quebec about one o'clo(!k, when the land attack on the Citadel would be comriencing, they might on hearing the firing from the heights open a broad-side fire for half an hour on the works of the Citadel. This would be hotly returned and at the end of that time they would sheer off" with yards canted supi»osing the lifts and braces to be shot away and with boats hanging disordered in the davits. I • ■ ."lb ■' ''{■ ■) -■ r t ... d y the St. near the at every I iDailings ist never en Plains ng move- ig forces, retreating md from y will be he Plains with the ny. passing WQQU the exercise action on l1 officers of Her ret under e Island 50ut one should be From the 10 works I at the canted nd with The troops after the field day will form a line of quarter columns at close intervals on the original ground, advance in review order, give a Royal salute, and upon the depar- ture of His Excellency the Governor-General and Her Royal Highness the Princess, the Field Artillery will fire a Royal salute of twenty-one guns. The whole force will be under the command of Licutc- nant-G-eneral Sir Edward Selby Smyth, K.O.M.G-., who will generally direct the evolutions of the troops engaged. The Scarlet and Rifle Brigades will be commanded by their respective senior officers. The Infantry will be supplied with thirty (30) rounds of blank cartridge per man. The pouches to be carefully examined to ascertain that no ball cartridge remains previous to the issue of the blank. The corps proceeding to Quebec should be provided with the full complement of ammunition before leaving their stations. (Signed,) E. SELBY SMYTH, Lieut.-Geneval. Ottawa. (Certified copy.) J. T. DUCIIESNAY, Lt.-Col., 1). A. a., 7th M. D. H JTT i i I ' IL 'i :}'\\ ■¥. i'- \\ THE GATES OF QUEBEC. JL Of all the historic monuments connecting modern Quebec with its eventful and heroic past, none have deservedly held a higher place in the estimation of the antiquarian, the scholar and the curious stranger than the gates of the renowned fortress. These relics of a by-gone age, with their massive proportions and grim, mediaeval architecture, no longer exist, however, to carry the mind back to the days which invest the oldest city in North America with its ^/cculiar interest and attraction. Indeed, nothing now remains to show where they once raised their formidable barriers to the foe, or opened their hospitable portals to friends, but a single substitute of modern construction and a number of yawning apertures in the line of circumvalla- tion that represents the later defences of the place erected under British rule. Of the three gates — St. Louis, St. John and Palace — which originally pierced the fortifications of Quebec under French dominion, the last vestige disappear- ed many years ago, and the structures with which they were replaced, together with the two additional and similarly guarded openings — Hopo and Prescott gates^ provided for the public convenience or military require- ments by the British Government since the Conquest, have experienced the same fate within the last decade to gratify what are known as modern ideas of progress and improve- ment — vandalism w^ould, perhaps, be the better term. No desecrating hand, however, can rob those hallowed links, in the chain of recollection, of the glorious memories which cluster around them so thickly. Time and obliteration itself have wrought no diminution of the world's regard for their cherished associations. To each one of them, an un- dying history attaches and even their vacant sites appeal with mute, but surpassing eloquence to the sympathy, the T^bS 11 BEC. eni Quebec deservecUy iitiquarian, ates of the age, with chitecturo, ack to the erica with thin«^ now formidable portals to Liction and rcumvalla- e erected 3, St. John ications of disappear* th which ional and t gates- require* Liest, have to gratify imprcve- larra. No ed links, es which literation egard for n, an Tin- appeal ithy, the interest and the veneration of visitors, to whom Quebec will be ever dear, not for what it is, but for what it has been.' To the quick comprehension of Lord DufFerin, it remained to note the inestimable value of such heirlooms to the world at large ; to his happy tact we owe the revival of even a local concern for their religious preservation ; and to his fertile mind and resthetic taste, w^e are indebted for the conception of the noble scheme of restoration, embel- lishment and addition in harmony with local requirements and modern notions of progress, which is now being real- ized to keep their memories intact for succeeding genera- tions and retain for the cradle of New France its unique reputation as the famous walled city of the New World. ST. LOUIS GATE. It has more than once been remarked by tourists that, in their peculiar fondness for a religious nomenclature, the early French settlers of Quebec must have exhausted the saintly calendar in adapting names to their public high- ways, places and institutions. To this pardonable trait in their character, w^e must unquestionably ascribe the names given to two of the three original gates in their primitive ^ '-f 12 V' ■ a r-^Tvl ^j lines of defence — St. Louis and St. John's gates — names which they were allowed to retain when the Gallic lilies I)aled before the victorious flag of Britain. The erection of tlic original St. Louis gate undoubtedly dates back as far as 169-1. Authentic riscords prove this fact beyond ques- tion ; but it is not quite so clear what part this gate played in subsequent history down to the time of the Conquest, though it may be fairly presumed that it rendered important services in connection especially with the many harassing attacks of the Iroquois tribes in the constant wars which were waged in the early days of the infant colony with those formidable and savage foes of the French. One thing is certain, however, that it was one of the gates by which a great portion of Montcalm's army, after its defeat on the Plains of Abraham, passed into the city on its way l)ack, via Palace gate and the bridge of boats over the St. Charles, to the Beauport camp. In 1791, after Quebec had fallen into British hands, St. Louis gate was reported to bo in a ruinous condition, and it became necessary to raze it to the ground and rebuild it. Between this date and 1823, it appears to have undergone several changes ; but, in the latter year, as part of the plan of defence, including the Citadel, adopted by the Duke of Wellington, and carried out at an enormous cost by England, it was replaced by the structure, retaining the same name, which forms the subject of one of the accompanying illustrations. About this time seem to have been also constructed the singularly tortuous outward approaches to this opening in the western wall of the city, which were eventually so inconvenient to traffic in peaceful days, of whatever value they might have been from a military stand-point in trying hours half-a- century ago. These were also removed with the gate itself in 1871. On the vacant site of the latter, in accord- ance with Lord Dufferin's improvement project, a magni- iiccnt memorial gate, a sketch of which is shown, and which the citizens had unanimously agreed to call " The Duflerin gate," is now in course of erection and will prob- V 1* ably be completed before the close of the present season. The intention of naming it " The DiifFerin gate," however, has been abandoned, II. 11. II. the Princess Louise, in de- ference to its traditions and with a graceful appreciation of the feelings of the French element of the population, hav- ing recently expressed the desire that it should be allowed n EH < m o m 'A W E-t to retain its original appellation. Ijcforo their departure from Canada, Lord and Lady DufTorin had the pleasure of assisting at the ceremony of laying the corner stone of this new gate, as well as of the now Terrace, which bears their name, and of fairly starting those important works on the hijrh road to realization. XT.! I|l ST. JOHN'S GATE. A.S an iiitcrestini^ link botwcon Iho present and the past, St. John's gate holds an equally prominent rank and claims an equal antiquity with St. Louis gate. Its erection as one of the original gates of the French fortress dates from the same year and its history is very much tho same. Through it another portion of Montcalm's defeated forces found their way behind the shelter of the defences after tho fatal day of the Plains of Abraham. Like St. Louis gate, too, it was pulled down on account of its ruinous condition OLD ST. JOHN'S GATE (inGide) 1864. in 1791 and subsequently rebuilt by the British Government in the formshown in the illustration — a form in which it endured until 1 8G5, when it was demolished and replaced, at an expense of some $iO,000 to the city, by its present more ornate and convenient substitute, to meet the increased re- quirements of trafl&c over the great artery of tho upper levels — St. John street. St. John's gate was one of the objective points included in tho American plan of assault upon Quebec on the memorable 31st December, 1775 ; Col. Livingston, with a regiment of insurgent Canadians, and Major Brown, with x>art of a regiment from Boston, having (>, 15 'uraeiit lich it ced, at more ed re- npper of the ssault Col. and avmg been detailed to make a false attack upon the walls to tliG south of it and to set lire to the gate itself \vith coinhus- tibles prepared for that purpose — a scheme in which the assailants were foiled by the depth of snow and otlier ob- stacles. This gate, being of quite recent construction and of massive, as well as passably handsome, appearance, is not included in the general scheme of improvement. The erection of a life-size statue of Samui'l Champlain, the founder of Quebec, upon its summit, is, however, tallied of. PALACE GATE. Palace or the Palais gate is the third and last of the old French portals of the city, and derives its title from the fact that the highway which passed through it led to the palace or residence of the Intendants of New France, which has also given its name to the present quarter of the city lying beneath the cliff on the northern face of the fortress, where its crumbling ruins are still visible in the immediate neigh- borhood of the passenger terminus of the North Shore Railway. Erected under French rule, during which it is 10 \ m believed to have boon Iho most fashionable and the most used, it bade a iinal farewell to the last of its ijallant, but nnfortunate French defenders, and to that imperial power which, for more than one hnndred and iifty years, had swayed the colonial destinies of the Canadas and contested inch by inch with England, the supremacy of the New AVorld, when a portion of Montcalm's defeated troops passed out beneath its darkening shadows on the fatal 13th September, 1 75!). After the capitulation of Quebec, General •1 1 1 . 1 ' 1 Hi , • i, ; f BL*'\'' >i ARTILLERY STORE— (Palace Gate.) Murray devoted himself at once to the work of strengthen- ing the defences of the stronghold, and the attention in this respect paid to Palace gate appears to have stood him in good stead during the following year's campaign, when the British invaders, defeated in the battle of St. Foye, were compelled to take shelter behind the walls of the town and sustain a short siege at the hands of the victorious French under de Levis. In 1791, the old French structure, Iho most llant, but ial power cars, had contested the Now 3ps passed iital 13th 2, General 17 now a decayed ruin, was razed by the English, but, in the meanwhile, during 1775, it had gallantly with- stood the assaults and sio,^o of the American invaders under Montgomery and Benedict Arnold. The somewhat ornate substitute, by which it was replaced and which is shown in the engraving, is said to have resembled one of the gates of Pompeii, and seems to have been erected as late as the year 1830 or 1831, as, in th(3 course of its demolition in 1874, an inscription was laid bare, attesting the fact that at HOPE GATE. lengthen- in this him in l-hen the were m and I French ructure, least the timbers and planking had been put up by local workmen in 1831. It is not intended to rebuild this gate under the DufFerin plan on account of the great volume of traffic, more especially since the completion of the North Shore Eailway, to ^vhose terminus the roadway which leads over its site is the most direct route. To mark that memorable spot, however, it is intended to flank it on either side with picturesque Norman turrets rising above the line of the fortification wall, as represented in the illustration. 8 . 18 , I Hopo Gate, also on the northern face of the ramparts, was the first of the two purely British gates of Quebec, and was erected in 1786 by Colonel Henry Hope, Commandant of the Forces and Administrator of the Province, from whom it takes its name. It was demolished in 1874 for no especial reason, this gate being no obstacle whatever to the growing requirements of traffic, as will be readily understood from its situation and the stvle of its construe- tion as illustrated herewith. Like Palace gate, too, it is m <.;/ ft- HOPE HILL. not to be rebuilt— its approaches being easily commanded and its position on the rugged, lofty cliff being naturally very strong. Its site, however, will be marked in the carrying out of the Lufferin Improvements by flanking Norman turrets, as shown in the accompanying engraving. The last of the city gates proper, wholly of British origin, but the first that grimly confronted in by-gone days the ^■.\ ramparts, ebec, and mandant ice, from 1874 for latever to e readily construe- too, it is landed jturally in the inking faving". )rigin, rs the 19 visitor approaching the city from the water-side and entering the fortress, is or rather was Prescott gate, which commanded the steep approach known as Moitntain Hill. This gate, which was more commonly known as the Lower Town gate, because it led to that part — the oldest — of the city known by that name, was erected in 1797, (to replace a rough structure of pickets which existed at this point from the time of the siege by the Americans in 1775) by General Robert Prescott, who served in America during the revolutionary war, and, after further service in the PRESCOTT GATE. West Indies, succeeded Lord Dorchester as the British Governor-General in Lower Canada in 179G, dying in 1815, at the age of 89 years, and giving his name to this memento of his administration, as well as to Prescott, Ontario. Old Prescott gate, an illustration of which is also given, was unquestionably a great public nuisance in times of peace, its demolition in 1871 consequently provoked the least regret of all in connection with the obliteration of those curious relics of Quebec's historic past. For reasons, which ■^'' . '•:^i1 f^ii ■■r.'Hi.j iS:' !|||j , i '« 44 1;re say ? Their origin — their progress, their decay, mayhap their demolition by the modern iconoclast — have they no teachings ? How many phases in the art of the builder and engineer, from the high-peaked Norman cottage to the ponderous, drowsy Mansard roof— from Champlain's picket fort to the modern citadel of Quebec ? The streets and by-ways of famous old-world cities have found chroniclers — in some instances, of rare ability: Timbs, Howitt, Augustus Sala, Longfellow, &c., why should not those of our own land obtain a passing notice ? Show us on American soil, a single city intersected by such quaint, tortuous, legend-loving streets as old Quebec ? Name a town, retaining more unmistakable vestiges of its rude beginnings — of its pristine, narrow, Indian-haunted, forest paths ? In fact, does not history meet you at every turn ? Every nook, every lane, every square, nay even the stones and rocks, have a story to tell — a record to unfold — a tale to whisper of savage or civilized warfare — a memento to thrill the patriot — a legend of romance or of death — war, famine, fires, earthquakes, land and snow slides, riot, &c. ? Is it not to be apprehended that in time, the inmates of such a city, might become saturated with the overpowering atmosphere of this romantic past — fall a prey to an over- weening love of old memories — become indifferent, dead- like — to the feelings and requirements of the present? This does not naturally follow. "We are, nevertheless, inclined to believe that outward objects may act powerfully on one's inner nature : that the haunts and homes of men, are not entirely foreign to the thoughts, pursuits, impulses, good or bad, of their inmates. Active — cultured — bustling — ^progressive citizens, we would fain connect with streets and localities partaking of ill 9i layhap ley no der and to the 3 picket }s have ability : ' shonkl sted by •uebec ? IS of its aunted, Every les and tale to nto to I — vi^ar, ,&c.? at;es of wering ovei- dead- resent ? heless, erfuUy men, pulses, s, WG dng of that character, just as we associate cheerful abodes with sunshine, and repulsive dwellings with dank, perennial shadows. CHAP. I. The Upper Town, in 1608, with its grand oaks, its walnut trees, its majestic elms, when it formed part of tho primeval forest, must have been a locality abounding in game. If Champlain, his brother-in-law, Boull6, as well as his other friends of the Lower Town,* had been less eager in hunting other inhabitants of the forest in- iinitely more dreaded (the Iroquois,) instead of simply making mention of the foxes, which prowled about tho residency, (VAbitation) they would have noted down some of the hunting raids which were probably made on the wooded declivities of Cape Diamond and in the thickets of the Coteau Sainte-GenevUve, more especially when scurvy or the dearth of provisions rendered indispensable, the use of fresh meats. "We should have heard of grouse, woodcock, hares, beavers, foxes, carriboux, bears, &c,, at that period, as the probable denizens of the mounts and vallies of ancient Stadacona. In 1617, the chase had doubtless to give way to tillage of the soil, when the first resident of the Upper Town, the apothecary Louis Hebert, established there his hearth and home. In that year, " he presently," says Abb6 Ferland, <' commenced to grub up and clear the ground, on the •'site on which the Roman Catholic cathedral and the " Seminary adjoining now stand, and that portion of the <' Upper Town which extends from Ste. Famille Street, up *' to the Hdlel-Dieu. He constructed a house and a mill ♦' near that part of St. Joseph street, where it received St. " Fran9ois and St. Xavier streets. These edifices appear ♦' to have been the first which were erected in the locality, * Up to 1617 and later, Champlain's residence was in the Lower Towa and stood nearly on the site of the Church NotrtrDume d,es Victoires, -I I,.,, '-J : V. im ■■ V>' - ^ 28 " now oocnpied by the Upper Town." At that period, there could have <>xisted none other than narrow pathsi irregular avenues following the sinuosities of the forest. ^ In the course of time, these narrow paths became levelled and widened. Ohamplain and Sir David Kirtk bothered themselves very little with improving highways. Over- seers of roads and Grand- Voyers were not then dreamed of in La Nouvelle France : those blessings, macadamised roads, date from 1841. One of the first projects of Governor de Montmagny, after having fortified the place, was to prepare a plan for a city, to lay out, widen and straighten the streets, assuredly not without need. Had he further extended this useful re- form, our Municipal Council to-day, would have been spared a great amount of vexation, and tho public in gene- ral, much annoyance. On the 17th November 1623, a road- way, or ascent leading to the Upper Town, had been efiect- cd, less dangerous than that which had previously existed, •*As late as 1682, as appears by an authentic record {process verbal) of the conflagration, this hill was but fourteen feet wide. It was built of branches, covered with earth ; ren- dered unserviceable by the fire, the inhabitants had it widened six feet, as they had to travel three miles, after the conflagration, to enter the Upper Town by another hill."— (T. B. Bedard.) In the summer season, our forefathers journeyed by water, generally, in birch-bark canoes. In winter, they had recourse to snow shoes. To what year can we fix the advent of wheeled vehicles ? We have been unable to discover. The first horse consigned to the Governor of the colony, arrived from France, in 1648. Did His Excellency use him as a saddle horse only ? or, on the occasion of a New Year's day, when he went to pay his respects to the Jesuit Fathers, and to the good ladies of the Ursulines to 29 present Trith the compliments of the season, the usual New Year's gifts f was he driven in a Cariole and in a Caliche^ in the summer season ? Here again, is a nut to crack for commentators. Although there were homed cattle at Quebec, in 1623, oxen for the purpose of ploughing the land, were first used on the 27th April, 1628. On the 16th of July, 1665, (t) a French ship brought twelve horses. These were doubtless the mountings of the brilliant staff of the great Marquis de Tracy, Viceroy. These dashing military followers of Colonel de Salieres,thisyca»esse dorde of the Marquis de Tracy, mount- ed on these twelve French chargers, which the aborigines named "the moose-deer (orignaux) of Europe," doubtless cut a great figure at Quebec. Did there exist Tandems, driving clubs in 1665 ? Quiensabe? A garrison life in 1665-7, and its amusements must have been much what it was one century later, when the "divine" Emily Montague § was corresponding with her dear " Colonel Rivers," from her Sillery abode, in 1767 ; she then, amongst the vehicles in use, mentions Caldches. They were not all saints such as Paul Dupuy, (||) these military swells of Colonel de Salieres ! Major Lafradiere, for instance, might have vied with the most outrageous rake which the Guards of Queen Victoria may have numbered in the Colony, two centuries later. If there were, at Quebec, twelve horses for the use of gentlemen, they were doubtless not suffered to remain idle in their stable ; the rugged paths of the Upper Town t Those gifts consisted of wine (Spanish), meat pies (tourtiSres), capons, books of devotion, etc. — (See Jesuits' Journal.) t Histoire de la Colonic Fran9aise en Canada. Vol. III., p. 384. § History of Emily Montague, 4 Vols., 1767:— London. II Histoire de I'HStel-Dieu de Quebec, (Mere Juchcreau, 611.) r..:,^ n, ■#- M ■*:■ 1. I,- I'-y i ^: 30 were lovelled and widened ; the public highway ceased being reserved for pedestrians only. This is what we wanted to arrive at. In reality, the streets of Quebec grew rapidly into importance in 1065. Improvements efifected during the administration of the Chevalier de Montmagny, had been much appreciated. The illustrious Ghevalier had his Saint Louis, Saint Anne, Richelieu, U Aiguillon, St. John streets, to do honor to his Master, Louis XIII, his Queen, the beautiful Anno of Austria; the Cardinal of Kichelieu ; his niece, la Duchesso D'Aiguillon ; the good X^riest, St. Sauveur. In the last and in the present century, St. Louis street was inhabited by many eminent persons. Chief Justice Sewell resided in the stately old mansion, now occupied as the Lieutenant-Governor's offices ; this eminent jurist died in 1839. "One bright, frosty evening of January, 1832," says Mr. Chauveau, "at the close of a numerously attended public meeting held at the Ottawa Hotel, to pro- test against the arrest of Messrs. Tracy, Editor of the Vindicator, and Duvernay, Editor of the Minerve, the good citizens of Quebec, usually so pacific, rushed, in a noisy procession, led by a dozen students wearing tri-color ribbons, in their button-holes, and sang the Marseillaise and the Parisienne, under the windows of the Chief Justice, whose ear was little accustomed to such a concert." The ermined sage, 'tis said, was so startled, that he made sure a revolution was breaking out. " Among the fiery, youthful leaders, the loudest in thfeir patriotic outburst, there was one, who would then have been much surprised had any one predicted that after being President of the Legislative Council — Prime Minister of the Canadas — Knighted by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales in person, he would one day, as Lieutenant-Governor, enter in state this same former residence of Chief Justice Sewell, ■whilst the cannon of Britain would roar a welcome— the flag of England stream over his head and a British regiment present arms to him." Such, however, has been the fate of Sir Narcissus Fortunatus Belleau. The mansion of Mr. do Lotbini^ro, in St. Louis street, was the residence of the chire amie of M. Bigot, (the //t/efi> ¥ : IS. ' I'*'' .fi ly'i: 84 yet recall, from memory, the spot where it stood, even if we had not the excellent drawing made of it with a dozen of other Quebec views — by an officer in "Wolfe's fleet> Captain Richard Short. It stood on the site recently occupied by the shambles, in the Upper Town, facing the Clarendon Hotel. Captain Short's pencil bears again testimony to the exactitude, even in minute things, of Kalm's descriptions : his Quebec horses, harnessed one before the other to carts. You see in front of the church, in Captain Short's sketch, three good sized horses drawing a heavily laden two wheeled cart, harnessed one before the other. The church was also used until 1807 as a place of worship for Protestants. Be careful not to confound the Jesuits' Church with the small chapel in the interior of their college (the old Jesuit Barracks) contiguous thereto. This latter chapel had been commenced on the 11th July, 1650, The Seminary Chapel, and TJrsulines Church, after the destruction by shot and shell, in 1759, of the large R. C. Cathedral, were used for a time as parish churches. From beneath the chief altar of the Jesuits' Church was removed, on the 14th May, 1807, the small leaden box containing the heart of the founder of the TJrsulines' Convent, Madame de la Peltrie, previously deposited there in accordance with the terms of her Last "Will. You can see, that the pick-axe and mattock of the " bande noire " who robbed our city walls of their stones, and demolished the Jesuits' College and city gates, were busily employed long before 1871. There are few, we will venture to say,'who, in their daily walk up or down Fabrique Street, do not miss this hoary and familiar land mark, the Jesuits' College. When its removal was recently decreed, for a long time it resisted the united assaults of hammer and pick-axe, and yielded, finally, to the terrific power of dynamite alone. The Jesuits' College, older than Harvard College, at Boston, takes one back to the dawn of Canadian history. 85 'ed, sily aily ary its ied ^ed, at iry. Though a considerable sum had been granted to foster Jesuit establishments at Quebec, by a young French noble- man, Rene de Rohault, son of the Marquis de Gamache, as early as 1626, it "was on the 18th March, 1637, only, that the ground to build on, " twelve arpents of land, in the vici- nity of Fort St. Louis : " were granted to the Jesuit Fathers. In the early times, we find this famous seat of learning playing a prominent part in all public pageants ; its annual examinations and distribution of prizes called together the 6lite of Quebec society. The leading pupils had, in poetry and in verse, congratulated Governor d'Argenson on his arrival in 1658. On the second July, 1666, a public examina- tion on logic brought out with great advantage two most promising youths, the famous Louis JoUiet, who later on joined Father Marquette in his discovery of the Mississippi, and a Three Rivers youth, Pierre de Francheville, who intended to enter Holy Orders. The learned Intendant Talon was an examiner ; he was remarked for the erudition his latin questions displayed. Memory reverts to the times w^hen the illustrious Bossuet was undergoing his latin ex' aminations at Navarre, with the Great Conde as his exam* France's first sacred orator confronted by her most iner; illustrious general. How many thrilling memories w^ere recalled by this grim old structure ? Under its veuerable roof, oft' had met, the pioneer missionaries of New France, the band of martyrs, the geographers, discoverers, savants and historians of this learned order : Dolbeau, de Quen, Druil- lettes, Daniel, de la Brosse, de Crepieul, de Carheil, Brebceuf, Lallemant, Jpgues, de Noue, Raimbeault, Albanel, Chau- monot, Dablon, Menard, LeJeune, Masse, Vimont, Rogueneau, Charlevoix, * and crowds of others. Here, they assembled to receive their orders, to compare notes, mayhap, to discuss the news of the death or of the success ■ 1 * Fauclier de Saint Maurice. 1 Jii!' 86 of some of their indefatigable explorers of the great West ; how the "good word" had been fearlessly carried to the distant shores of lake Huron, to the bayous and perfumed groves of Florida, or to the trackless and frozen regions of Hudson's Bpy. Later on, when France had suppressed the order of the Jesuits, and when her lily banner had disappeared from our midst, the college and its grounds were appropriated to other uses — alas ! less congenial. The roll of the English drum and the sharp "word of command" of a British adjutant or of his drill sergeant, for a century or more, resounded in the halls, in which latin orisons were formerly sung ; and in the classic grounds, and grassy court, ^ canopied by those stately oaks and elms, which our sires yet remember — to which the good Fathers retreated in sweet seclusion, to "say" their Breviaries and tell their beads, might have been heard the coarse joke of the guard room and coarser oath of the trooper. It had been claimed as a " magazine for the army con- tractor's provisions on 14th November, 1760." On the 4th June, 1765, His Excellency General James Murray had it surveyed and appropriated for quarters and barracks for the troops, all excepted some apartments ; the court and garden was used as a drill and parade ground until the departure of Albion's soldiers. How singular, how sad to think that this loved, this glorious relic of the French r^gimr, entire even to the Jesuit College arms, carved in stone over its chief entrance, should have remained sacred and intact during the century of occupation by English soldiery — and that its destruction should have been decreed so soon as the British legions, by * A memorable Indian Council was held in the court of the Jesuits' Col- lege, on 3l8t August, 1666. 8t West ; L to the rfnmed rions of • of the id from >priQited lYord of jant, for 3h latin ids, and td elms, Fathers ries and 8 joke of ny con- the 4th had it acks for urt and ntil the ed, this le Jesnit , should itury of traction ions, by lulls' Col- their departure, in 1871, had virtually handed it over to the French Province of Quebec ? The discovery on the 28th August, 1878, of human remains beneath the floor of this building — presumed to be those of some of the early missionaries — induced the au- thorities to institute a careful search during its demolition. These bones and others exhumed on the 31st August, and on the 1st and 9th September, 1878, were pronounced by two members of the faculty, Drs. Hubert Larae and Ghs. E. Lemieux, both Professors of the Laval University, (who signed a certificate to that effect) to be the remains of three* persons of the male sex and of three f persons of the female sex. Some silver and copper coins were also found, which with these mouldering remains of humanity, were deposited * Mr. Faucher de Saint Maurice having been, in 1878, charged b; the Premieri IIon> Mr* Joly, to watch the excavations and note the discoveries, in a luminoufi report, sums up the whole case. From this document, among other things, wo glean that the remains of the three persons of male sex are those of : 1" P^e Francois du P6ron, who died at Fort St. Louys, (Chambly) 10th November, 1G65, and was conveyed to Quebec for burial. 2° Pdre Jean de Quen, the discoverer of Lake Saint John, who died at Quebec, on 8th October, 1659, from the effects of a fever contracted in attending on some of the passengers brought here that summer by the French ship Saint Andri, S** Frdre Jean Liegeois, scalped 29th May, 1655, by the Agniors at Sillery — (the historian Ferland assigns as the probable spot, the land on which the late Lieutenant Ooveriior Caron built his Mansion "Clermont," now occupied by. Thomas Beckett, Esquire.) The remains of this missionary, when excavated, were headless — which exactly agrees with the entry in the Jetuiu' Journal, May, 1655, which states that Jean Liegeois was scalped — his bead cut off and left at Sillery, while his mutilated body, discovered the next day by the Algonquins, the allies of the French, was brought to Sillery, (probably to the Jesuits' residence, the same solid old structure close to the foundations of the Jesuits' chapel and monument at the foot of the Sillery Hill, which many here have seen), from whence it was conveyed to the Lower Town in a boat and escorted to the Jesuits' College, with the coreuiunies of the K. C. Church. t Three Nuns of the Ildtel-Dieu Convent, according to authorities quoted by Mr. Faucher, were buried in the vault (caveau') of the Jesuits' Chapel. The sisterhood had been allowed the use of a wing of the Jesuits' College, where they removed after the conflagration of the 7th June, 1755, which destroyed their hospital. 40 Jlire Marie Martho Desrocbes de Saint-Franfois-Xavier, a young woman of 23 years, who succumbed to small pox on the 16th August, 1755. 5° Mire de I'Enfant-J^sus, who expired on the 12th May, 1756. .6° Mire de Sainte-Monique, who died in July, 1756, the victim of her devotion in ministering to the decimated orew of the ship LSopard sunk in the port by order of Government to arrest the spread of the pestilential disease which had raged on the passage out. Mr. Faucher closes his able report with a suggestion that a monument ought to be raised, te commemorate the labors and devotion of the Jesuits, on the denuded area on which stood their venerable College. Beltttion de ee qui »'e$t pant lort dea Fouillei /aile* par ordre du Oouvernement datie una parlxe aet fondation* du Cou.£aK des JisuiTRS d* Quibee, pricidle de eer- taine$ obtervationi par Fauckek de BAtxT Mavbick. Qutbec, C. I)arvettu—I819. 1 1 i i \^- * 1 i ■' }'■ 1 t 1 ' S8 under lock and key in a wooden box ; and in September, 1878, the whole was placed in a small but substantial stone structure, in the court of the Jesuit Barracks, known as the "Regimental Magazine," pending their delivery for per- manent disposal to Eev. Pere Sachez, Superior of the Jesuits Order in Quebec. In May, 1879, on opening this magazine, it was found that the venerable bones, box and all had disappeared, the staple of the padlock on the door having been forced. By whom and for what purpose, the robbery ? Let us walk on, and view with the Professor's eyes the adjoining public edifice, which stood here in 1749, the Kecollet Convent " a spacious building," says Kalm, "two story high, with a largo orchard and kitchen garden." Its Church or Chapel was, on 6th September, 1796, de- stroyed by fire ; Uvo eye-witnesses of the conflagration, Philippe Aubert DeGaspe and Deputy-Commissary-General James Thompson, the first in his Memoires, the second in his unpublished Diary, have vividly portrayed the accident. The Church faced the Ring and the old ChMeau ; it formed part of the RecoUet Convent, "a vast quadrangular building, with a court and well stocked orchard" on Garden street ; it was occasionlly used as a state prison. The Huguenot and agitater, Pierre DuCalvet, spent some dreary days in its cells in 1781-84 ; and during the summer of 1776, a young volunteer under Benedict Arnold, John Joseph Henry, (who lived to become a distinguished Pennsylvania Judge) was immured in this monastery, after his arrest by the British, at the unsuccessful attack m the Lower Town, in Sault-au- Matelot street, on 31st December, 1775, as he graphically relates in his Memoirs. It was a monastery of the order of Saint Francis. The Provincial, in 1793, a well known, witty, jovial and eccentric personage. Father Felix DeBeiTey, had more than once dined and wined His Royal Highness, Prince Edward, the father of our Gracious Sovereign, 89 When stationed in our garrison in 1791-4, with his regiment the 7th Fusileers. The Recollet Church was also a sacred and last resting plAce for the illustrious dead. Of the six French Governors who expired at Quebec, four slept within its silent vaults, until the translation, in 1796, of their ashes to the vaults of the Basilica, viz : (1) Frontenac, (2) de CalUeres, (3) Vau- dreuil, (4) de la Jonquiere. Governor deMesy had been buried in the H6tel-Dieu Chapel, and the first Governor, de Champlain, 'tis generally believed, was. interred near the Chateau Saint Louis, in a "sepulchre particulier," near the spot now surmounted by his bust, beneath the soil, on which, in 1871, was erected the new Post Office. On the south-west side of the Chateau, could be scon a building devoted to the administration of Justice, La Sene- chaussee,t (Seneschal's Jurisdiction,) and which bore the name of " The Palace." It was doubtless there that, in 1C64, the Supreme Council held its sessions. In 1665 it was assigned to the Marquis de Tracy, for a residence whilst in the colony. From the Place D^Armes, the higher road {Grande AlUe) took its departure and led to Cap Kouge. On the right and left of this road. Were several small lots of land given to certain persons for the purpose of being built upon. The Indian Fort was that entrenchment of Tho following inscription was on tho coffin plato : (1) Count Frontonac — "Cy gyt le Haut et Puissant Seigneur, Louis do Duaclci Comto de Frontonac, Gouvorneur-G6n6ral de la Nouvello-France. Mort h Qudbcc, lo 28 novembre 1698."— (fft»<. of Canada, Smith, Vol. I. P. 133.) (2) Gov. deCallifires. — "Gy gyst Uaut et Puissant Seigneur, Hector deCalliorcs, Chevalier de Saint-Louis, Gourerneur et LieutenaDt-G(3n£rul do la NourcHe*Francc, ddo«d<5 le 26 mai 1703."— (ii,d., P. 148.) (3) Got. de Vaudreuil.— "Cy gist Haut et Puissant Seigneur, Mossire Philippe Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, Grande Croix do TOrdro Militaire do Saiirt-Louid, Gouvemour et Lieutenant-G6n6ral do toute la NouTelle-France, d€c6d6 le dixiciuo octobro 1726."— (/6id., P. 190.) (4) M. de la Jonquiiiro. — "Cy repose le corps de Messire Jaeques-Pierre do Taffanell, Marquis de la Jonquidro, Baron do Castelnau, Seigneur de Hardarsmagnns et autrea lieuz, Commandeur de I'Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis, Chef d'Escadre des Armies Navales, Gourorneur et Lieutenant-G6ndral pour lo Roy en toute la Nouvelle-Franco, torres ot passes de la Louisiane. Ddo6d6 d Qudbeo, le 17 mai 17i>2, il six heures-et-demie du soir, &g6 de 67 ans."— (/6tc{., P. 222.) t It appears to have stood at the east end of St. Louis street— where the residence and oflice of Jas. Dunbar, Esq., l^.Cj now etanda. ! Si! 40 Which we have spoken, which served as a last hiding place to the sad remains of the once powerful Enron nation, forming in all eighty-four souls, in the year 1665. It con- tinued to be occupied by them up to the peace with the Iroquois. After the arrival of the troops, they took their departure in order to devote themselves to the cultivation of the lands. Besides the buildings of the Eeverend Jesuit Fathers, those of the Ursulines (nuns,) and those of the Hospital (Hotel-Dieu,) in the Upper Town, could be seen a house situated behind the Altar part of the Parish Church, where dwelt Monseigneur de Laval. It was, probably, what ho called his Seminary, and where he caused some young men to be educated, destined afterwards for the priesthood. It was at the Seminary, the worthy Prelate resided with his priests, to the number of eight which, at that period, comprised all the secular clergy of Quebec. There, also, was the Church of Notre-Dame in the form of a Latin cross.* Couillard Street calls up one of the most important personages of the era of Champlain, Guillaume Couillard, the ancestor of Madame Alexandre deLery n4e Couillard. It would fill a volume to retrace the historical incidents which attach themselves to "La Grande Place du Fort" (now called the Rin^.) We have^ointed out a goodly number in the first pages (10-16,) of the " Album du Touriste." To what we have already said we shall add the following details : It would appear that on the site upon which the Union Hall was built, || (1805,) now occupied by the offices of the Journal de Quebec, SfC, resided the Governor D'Aillebout, ♦ Faillon, Vol. 1II» p. 372. II The laying of the coi'ner stone of this lofty building whose proportions tnust have seemed colossal to our fathers, was done with grand masonic lionors on the 14th August) 1805> by the Hon, Thos. Dunn, President of the 41 about the year 1650. Ho had reserved to himself, on the 10th January, 1649, the strip of ground comprised between Fort and Treasury streets on the one side, and the streets Buado and Ste. Anne on the other side. At the corner of Treasury and Buade streets, on the west, Jean C6t6 possessed a piece of ^ound {emplacement) which he presented as a dowery in 1649, to his daughter Simonne who married Pierre Soumandre. The grounds of the Archbishop's Palace formed part of the held possessed by Couillard, whose house stood in the now existing garden of the Seminary, opposite the gate which faces the principal alley, the foundations of w^hich were discovered and brought to light by the Abbe Laver- diere, in 1866. Province of Lower Canada, and ftilministrator of the Government, aswisted by William Holmes, Esq., M.D., Deputy Grand Master of Ancient and Accepted Free Masons. Several coins of that reign were deposited under the stone. Amongst the members ofthecraft, welind the names of Joseph Bouchette, Claude Denechaud, Joseph Plante, Angus Shaw, Thomas Place, David Monro ; the architect's name is Edward Cannon, grand-father of Messrs. Ed. J., Law- rence and James Cannon, our esteemed fellow citizens ; llev. Dr. Spark delivered a splendid oration, to be found in the Quebec Mercury, of 17th August, 1805. Hujusce Fori Municipalis, Anglice UxiON Hall, cx Senatus provincialis consulto erecti, TnoMAS Duxx Vir Ilonorabilis Provincia) Prccfectus Polititcque Adminis- trator, Adstantibus et Curatoribus Selectis, Hon. John Young Prajse, Hon. John Anioine Panel Comitiue Provincialis Rogatorc, Jonathan Sewcll Arftiigero Cognitorc Reglo, John Painter et John JilacJcwood, Armigeris, Pacis Curatoribus ; Joseph Bouchette Armigero Mensorum Principal i, John Caldwell, Claude Ddn^chaud, John Coliman, John Taylor, Joseph Plante, Angus Shaw, Thomas Place et David Monro, de Quebec Arntigeiis, Nee non et multis ia/o/Hontm hujus Urbis, quorum William Holmes Aruuf^cv M D fuit summus Ma^ister Deputatus, adjuvantibus,huncprimum Lapidcni posuit, doi XIV. Mensis Sextilis, Anno Salutis MDCCCV. Nummi quoque Regis Regnantis GEORGH m. Suppositi sunt. Videlicet. Nummua Aureus Anglice Gitinea, aureum etiam Dimidium cjusetTrions; Numnius argentcus solidos quinque Anglicos valans, polidus dimidium eolidi, et quarta pars ; nummus Uranus denarios duos Anglicos valeus ; denarius obolus ; et quadrans. Edward Cannon^ Architectua. (3 t r' fl I ^1 1 t f ^i 5 ' 1 1 ,1 1 Hi 42 On the conspicuous site where stands the unpretending brick structure known as our present House of Parliament, (which succeeded the handsone cut stone edifice burnt, in 1854,) one might, in 1660, have seen the dwelling of a man of note, Euette d'Auteuil. 'D'Auteuil became subsequently Attorney General and had lively times with that sturdy old ruler. Count de Frontenac. Ruette d'Auteuil had sold the lot for $600 (3,000 livres de 20 sols) to Major Provost, who resold it with the two story stone house thereon erected, for $3,000, to Bishop St. Vallier. The latter having bequeathed it to his ecclesiastical successor, Bishop Plessis ceded it to the Imperial Government for an annual ground rent of iJl.OOO — this rent is continued to the Archbishop by the Provincial Government of Quebec : no one now cares to enquire why Bishop Plessis made such an excellent bargain, though a cause is assigned. Palace Street was thus denominated from its leading direct from the Tapper Town to the Intendant's Palace — latterly the King's woodyard.^ In earlier days it went by the name of Rue des Pauvres, (Street of the Poor,) from its intersecting the domain of the Hotel Dieu, whose revenues were devoted to the maintenance of the poor, sheltered behind its massive old walls. Close by, on Saint John street, Bishop St. Vallier had found- ed le Bureau des Pauvres, where the beggars of Quebec (a thriving class to this day) received alms, in order to deter them from begging in the country round the city. The success which crowned this humble retreat of the mendicant led the philantrophic bishop to found the General Hospital at St. Roch. At the western corner of Palace and St. John streets, has stood since 1771, a well known land mark : a wooden statue of General "Wolfe, sculptured by the Brothers Cholette, • On a portion of it, a Cattle market has been built — under French rule, it formed a beautiful park for the magnificent Intendants. 48 at the request of Greorge Ilipps, a loyal butcher. The peregrinations of this historic relic, in 1838, from Quebec to Halifax — from Halifax to Bermuda, hence to Portsmouth, and linally to its old niche at AVolfe's corner St. John Street, whilst they alForded much sport to the middies of H. M. Ship Inconstant, who visited our port that summer and carried away the General, were the sub- ject of several newspaper paragraphs in prose and in verse. Finally, the safe return of the " G-eneral " with a bran Mew coat of paint and varnish in a deal box, consigned to His Worship, the Mayor (Thomas Pope) of Quebec, sent by unknown hands, was made an occasion for rejoicing to every friend of the British hero, whom Quebec contained and they were not few. Some of the actors of this practical joke, staunch upholders of Britannia's sovereignty of the sea, now pace their quarter deck, t'is said, proud and stern admirals ! The street and hill leading down from the parochial Church, (whose title was Cathedral of the Immaculate Con- ception of the Blessed Virgin Mary,) to the outlet, where Hope Gate was built in 1786, was called Ste. Famille street — from its vicinity to the Cathedral. On the east side, half way up the hill still exists the old homestead of the deLery — in 1854, occupied by Sir E. P. Tache, since, sold to the Quebec Seminary. On the opposite side a little higher up, also survives the old house of M. Jean Langevin, father of the Bishop of Eimouski, Hon. H. L. Langevin and others. Here in the closing days of French Dominion* lived the first Acadian, who brought to Quebec the news of the dispersion of his compatriots, so eloquently sung by Longfellow : Dr. Lajus, of French extraction, who settled at Quebec, and married a sister of Bishop Hubert ; on the northern angle of this old tenement you now read " Ste. Famille street." i !thatdear old street, — St. George street, formerly,— no W called after the first inhabitant of the Upper Town in 1617, Louis Hubert, by the erection of the lofty Medical College and Laval University, for us )ias been sliorn of its name — its sunshine — its glory, since the home '^ of our youth, at the east end, has passed in foreign hands. It is now Hubert street. Laval, Attorney-General D'Auteuil, Louis de Buade, Ste- Il^tene, (f) seem to come back to life in the ancient streets of the same name, whilst Frontenac, Iberville, Fied- mont, are brought to one's recollection, in the modern thoroughfares. The old Scotch pilot, Abraham Martin, (who, according to the Jesuits' Journal, was a bit of a scamp, though he does not appear to have been tried for his pecca- diloes,) owned a domain of thirty-two acres of land in St. John's suburbs, which were bounded, towards the north, by the hill which now bears his name {La Cdte cC Abraham) Mythology has exacted a tribute on a strip of ground in the St. Louis suburbs. The chief priest of the pagan Olympus boasts of his lane, "Jupiter street " called after a Celebrated inn, Jupiter's Inn, on account of a full sized statue of the master of Olympus which stood formerly over the main entrance. In the beginning of the century, a mineral spring of wondrous efficacy attracted to this neigh- borhood, those of our fashionables whose liver was out of order; alas! like that of some other famous springs, its efficacy is a thing of the past ! Modern astronomy is represented in Arago street. $ • The old homestead successively owned by Messrs. Timothy II. Dunn and Joseph Shehyn, M.P.P., was erected for Capt. Ijenjaniin LeMoinc, Canad. Volt., the writer's father, in 1812. t LeMoine de Ste Helene. It is also asserted this street (Ste. Holdne,) wjw named after the Reverend Motlier Ste. Heleue, Superioress of the Hotel-Dieu- (Dlle Regnard du Plessis). % We read in the Municipal Registrar, '.' Alfred street extends from Co- lombe street to Arago street, in the Fief Notre-Daine des An^es. This street as well aa those which run parallel with it, Alexandre, Nelson, Turgeon, Jerome and St. Ours, and the transecting streets, Arago and Colombe, were laid out in 1845, thirty feet in width (St. Ours street, only having forty feet in width,) by the Inspector of Roads, M. Joseph Ilaniel, pursuant to the instructions, and with the consent oF the Religious Ladiea (nuns) of the General Hospital." 45 -now 11617, ^oand 10— its at the lUhert le, Sk- streets Fied- nodern I, (who, scamp, 1 pecca* I in St. I north, raham) ►und in pagan after a .11 sized ly over tury, a neigh- out of igs, its t ninn and Canad. kne,) wjr? tel-Dieu- Irom Co- ll is street [burgeon, kbe, were |ng forty it to the h) of the Parloir street loads to the parloirj of the Ursulincs. Hero resided the late Judge de Bonne, at the dawn of the present century ; the Ursulines have named, after thoir patron Saint, Sto. IJrsule, the first street to the west, which intor.socts at right angles, St, Louis and Ste. Anno streets. Sto. IJrsulo and Ste. Anne streets and environs, seem to have boon specially appropriated by the disciples of Hippocrates. Physicians and Surgeons there assuredly do congregato, viz. : Dr. James Sewell, his son, Dr. Collin SewoU, Drs. Landry, Lemieux, Boswell, Belleau, Russell, Russell, jr.. Gale, Ross, Baillargeon, Roy, Fortier, LaRue, Parke, Rowand, llenchey, Vallee, Marsden, Jackson, distinguished physicians all. Notwithstanding that it is the abode of so many eminent members of the Faculty, the locality is healthy; nay, conducive to longevity. The streets Craig, Carleton, Haldimand, Dalhousie, Ilopo, Richmond, Provost, Aylmer, perpetuate the memory of eight English Governors. Many of the luxurious dwel- lings on the Cape date back to 1810 or so ; this now aristocratic neighborhood, after the c mquest and until 1830, was occupied by carters, old FrLu'h raarkijt garden- ers and descendants 6f French artisans, &;c , — such wore the early tenants of Des Carriiires, Mont Carmel, Ste. Oene- vi^ve. Si. Denis, Des Orisons streets tout cela. Mais nous avons change A few years since, the Town Council, on motion of Councillor Ernest Gagnon, whose name is identified with our popular songs,§ disturbed the nomenclature of that part of D'Aiguillon Street, extra muros, by substituting the name of " Charlevoix." To that section of St. Joseph street, intra muros, was conferred the name of our respected historian, F. X. Garneau. To St. Fran9ois street, the name of the historian, Ferland, was awarded ; the historian, Rob. Christie, has also his street; this met with general approval. t The Parloir is tlie name of the room in which the young ladies speak to their relatives and friends visiting them. § Chansons popuMres du Ca/tarfa, &c., par Ernest Qftguon, 18C3. U\f* 46 Our thoroughfares, our promenades, even in those dreary months, when the northern blast howls over the Canadian landscape, have some blithsome gleams of sunshine. Never shall we forget one bright, frosty January afternoon, about four o'clock, in the year 1872, when solitary, though not sad, standing on Durham Terrace, was unveiled to us *♦ a most magnificent picture, a scene of glorified nature painted by the hand of the Creator. The setting sun had charged the skies with all its gorgeous heraldry of purple and crimson and gold, and the tints were difiused and reflected through fleecy clouds, becoming softer and richer through expansion. The mountain tops, wood-crowned, where the light and shadow appeared to bo struggling for mastery, stood out in relief from the white plain, and stretching away in indistinct, dreamy distances finally seemed to blend with the painted skies. The ice-covered bay was lit up with glowing shades, in contrast with the deep blue of the clear water beyond ; from which the island rose, and into which the point jutted with grand pictures- queness ; the light played through the frost glistening, but still sombre pines, and spreading out over deserted fields. Levis and the South Shore received not so much of the illumination, and the grimness of the citadel served as a contrast and a relief to the eye bewildered with the anaccustomed grandeur. But as the sun sank deeper behind the eternal ^ ills, shadows began to fall, and the bright colors toned down to the grey of dusk ; stars shone out, the gray was chased away, and the azure, diamond dotted skies told not of the glory of sunset which had so shortly before suffused them." — {Morning Chronicle.) We have just seen described the incomparable pano- rama which- a winter sunset disclosed from the lofty promenade, to which the Earl of Duflferin'^* has bequeathed * One of the boons conferred tlirough ilie gifted nolilcinau on Qiicliec, and we take pleasure in proclaiming it, is the superb, world-renowned Terrace, now bearing hia name, •' DuUl-riu Terrace." e dreary anadian unshine. ternoon, , though ed to VLB I nature sun had f purple sed and id richer jrowned, ^ling for ain, and s finally j-covered Niih. the he island ipictures- ling, but id fields. h of the ired as a ritli the : deeper and the rs shone liamond L had so e pano- ie lofty ueathed liielicc, anil Id Terrace, 47 his name. Let us now accompany one of our genial summer butterflies, fluttering through the mazes of old Stadacona escorting a bride ; let us listen to H. "W. D. Howells in the Weddino Jouhney. " Nothing, I think, more enforces the illusion of Southern Europe in Quebec than the Sunday-night promenading on the Durham (now Dufferin) Terrace. This is the ample span on the brow of the cliff to the left of the citadel, the noblest and most commanding position in the whole city, which was formerly occupied by the old Castle of St. Louis, where dwelt the brave Count Frontenac and his splendid successors of the French regime. The castle went the way of Quebec by fire some forty years ago, (23rd January, 1834), and Lord Durham level- led the site and made it a public promenade. A stately arcade of solid masonry supports it on the brink of the rock, and an iron parapet incloses it ; there are a few seats to lounge upon, and some idle old guns for the children to clamber over and play with. A soft twilight had followed the day, and there was just enough obscurity to hide from a willing eye the Northern and New "World facts of the scene, and to leaving into more romantic relief the citadel dark against the mellow evening, and the people gossiping from window to window across the narrow streets of the Lower Town. The Terrace itself was densely thronged, and there w*as a constant coming and going of the promenaders, and each formally paced back and forth upon the planking for a certain time, and then went quietly home giving place to new arrivals. They were nearly all French, and they were not generally, it seemed, of the first fashion, but rather of middling condition in life ; the English being represented only by a few young fellows, and now and then a red faced old gentleman with an Indian scarf trailing from his hat. There were some fair American costumes and faces in the crowd, but it was essentially Quebecian. The young girls walked in pairs, or with their lovers, had the true touch of provincial unstylishness, the young men the ineffectual excess of the second-rate Latin dandy, the elder the rude inelegance of a bourgeoisie in them ; but a few better-figured avocafs or notaires (their profession was as unmistakable as if they had carried their well-polished doorplatos upon their breasts), walked and gravely talked with each other. The non- American character of the scene was not less vividly marked in the fact, that each person dressed according to his own taste and frankly indulged private shapes and colours. One of the promenaders was in white, even to his canvas shoes; another, with yet bolder individuality, appeared in perfect purple. It had a strange, almost portentous effect when these two startling figures met as friends and joined with each other in the promenade with united arms ; but the evening was nearly beginning to darken round them, and presently the purple comrade was merely a sombre shadow beside the glim' mering white. The valleys and the heights now vanished; but the river defined itself by the varicolored light of the ships and steamers that lay, dark motionless hulks upon its broad breast ; the lights of Point Levis swarmed upon the other shore ; the Lower Town, two hundred feet below them, stretched an alluring mystery of clustering roofs and lamp- lit windows, and dark and shining streets around the mighty rock, mural-crowned. Suddenly a spectacle peculiarly Northern and characteristic of Quebec revealed itself; a long arch brightened over the northern horizon ; the tremulous flames of the aurora, pallid violet or faintly tinged with crimson, shot upward from it, and played with a vivid apparition and evanescence to the zenith. While the stranger looked, a gun boomed from the citadel, and the wild sweet notes of the bugle sprang out upon the silence." ft ii 49 J elder ; a few was as olished talked e scene person idulged jrs was ith yet [t had a tartling in the 3 nearly 3 purple e glim- but the e ships ts broad e other them, d lamp- nd the ectacle evealed lorizon ; faintly l)layed zenith. [citadel, upon CHAP. ir. Prince Edward street, St. Eoch, and "Donnacona" street, near the Ursulines, bring up the memory of two important personages of the past, Edward Augustus, Duko of Kent — an English Prince, and Donnacona, a swarthy chief of primitive Canada. The vanquisher of Montcalm, General "Wolfe, is honored not only by a statue, at the corner of Palace and St. John's streets, (1) but again by the street which bears his name, Wolfe street. In like manner, his illustrious rival Montcalm , claims an entire section of the city "Montcalm "Ward." Can it be that the susceptible young Captain of the "Albemarle," Horatio Nelson, carried on his flirtation with the captivating Miss Mary Simpson, in 1782, in the street which now rejoices in his name ? Several streets in the St. Louis, St. John, and St. Eoch suburbs, bear the names of eminent citizens who have, at different periods, made a free gift of the sites or, who, by their public spirit, havo left behind them a cherished memory among the people : Messrs. Berthelot, DArtigny, Grey Stewart, T. C. Lee, Buteau, Hudon, Smith, Salaberry, Scott, Tourangeau, Pozer, Panet, Bell, Robitaille, liyland, St. Ours. The width of the greater number of the streets of the city vary from thirty to forty feet ; the broadest is Crown street. "Well do the proprietors deserve our congratulations for the beautiful shade trees which they have caused to be there planted. Quebec comprises about ten small Fiefs or Domaines. The jPic/'Sault-au-Matelot (the sailor's leap) belongs to the Seminary. The Ursulines, the Church (Fabrique), the - ■ ■ , ■-- - (1) St. Jolin street is thirty-eix feet in width, intra tnuros, and forty-six in width, extra muros, in consequence of a gift of tcu feet of gcyliud, by the proprietors, after the great fire of lb45. 50 l'i| Heirs LaEue, the H6tel-Dieu, tho Recolkls Friars, each had its Fief. The Church possesses a domaine besides that of Cape Diamond. The Fief "rfe la MisMcorde" (Mercy), belongs to the Hotel-Dieu. The Heirs LaRue possess the Fief de Bdcancour, and that of De Villeraie ; there is also the Fief Sasseville. The "Fief of the Recollets'^ now belongs to the Crown. St. Roch owes a debt of gratitude to Monseigneur de Saint- Valier, whose name is identified with the street which he so often perambulated in his visits to the Gene- ral Hospital, where he terminated his useful career. His Lordship seems to have entertained a particular attachment for the locality where he had founded this hospital, where he resided, in order to rent his Mountain Hill Palace to Intendant Talon, and thus save the expense of a Chaplain. The General Hospital was the third Asylum for the infirm, which the Bishop had founded. Subsequently, came the Intendant de MeuUes who, towards 1684, endowed the eastern portion of the quarter with an edifice (the Inten- dant's Palace) remarkable for its dimensions, its magni- ficence and its ornate gardens. •(#' Where Talon (a former Intendant) had left a brewery in a state of ruin and about seventeen acres of land unoccupied, Louis XIV., by the advice of his Intendant do MeuUes, lavished vast sums of money in the erection of a sumptuous palace in which French justice was administered and in which, at a later period, under Bigot, it was purchasable. Our illustrious ancestors, for that matter, were not the kind of men to weep over such trifles, imbued as they were from infancy with the feudal system and all its irksome duties, without forgetting the forced labour (corv^es) and those admirable "Royal Secret-warrants," {leilres de cachet). What did the institutions of a free people, the text of Magna Charta signify to them ? rs, each ides that (Mercy), ssess the re is also belongs ^neur de le street be Gene- !er. His achment il, where Palace to chaplain, le infirm, ;amo the jwed the le Inten- magni- very in a ccnpied, VEeuUes, mptuous and in chasable. he kind sy were irksome 'es) and cachet). text of 51 On this spot stood the notorious warehouse, where Bigot, Cadet and their confederates retailed, at enormous profits, the provisions and supplies which King Louis XV. doled out in 1758, to the starving inhabitants of Quebec. The people christened the house "La Friponne,^* {The Knavery ! !) Near the site of Talon's old brewery (which had been con» verted into a prison in 1G81, by Frontenac, and which held fast until his trial the Abbe de Fen^lon, (2) now stands the "Anchor Brewery." (Boswell's.) Doubtless to the eyes of the " Free and Independent Electors " of La Vachcrio in 1759, the Intendant's Palace seemed a species of " Eighth Wonder. ' The Eighth "Wonder lost much of its t'clat, however, by the inaugu- ration of English rule, in 1759, but a total eclipse came over this imposing and majestic luminary, when Guy Carletons gans fiom the ramparts of Quebec, began, in 1775, to thunder on its cupola and roof, which ofiered a shelter to Arnold's soldierv : ihe rabble of " shoe-makers, hatters, blacksmiths and inn-ke>>pers," (says Colonel Henry Caldwell), bent on providing Canada with the blessings of republicanism. We have ju&t mentioned "La Vacherie" this consisted of the extensive and moist pastures at the foot of Coteau Sainle-Genevieve, towards the G«aeial Hospital \vh(;re the city cows weie g:';iZt*d ; on tins site and gracing the handsome si-veis "Crown," "Craig' and '* Desfosses," can now be seen elegcnt J -y-goods stures vying with the largest in the Upper Town. Hud St. Peter street, in 1775, been provided with a regular way of communication with St. Roch ; had St. Paul street then existed, the sun of progress would have shone there nearly a century earlier. (2) The Ahh(^ dc Fcndon was tlic half brother of the illustrious Arch- bishop of Cambrai, the author of "Tcleiuachus." He was tried by Frontenac and the Supreme Council for hnvinjr, at the preceding Easter, preached a violent eerniou against the corvdes (enforced labour) to build up Fort Frontenac, &o. He refused to acknowledge the competency of the tribunal to try him, appeared before it with his hat on, »<> wh § The Old liljimv in Canada, p. 177-9. t I uso the term advisedly, for had he followed out the Colborne poln'y and gibetted the "Bermuda exiles,'' he would have had one sin less to atone for, at t « hands of Lord Brougham and other merciless enemies in England. (2) Thanks to the late Mr. J. B. Martel, then Secretary of the Harbour Com- mission, Quebec, we inaj' designate in a few words tlie site which the Quebec Bank now possesses. Tliis extent of ground (&t that period a beach lot), was conceded to the Seminary by tlie Marquis de Denonvillc'in 1687, and confirm-' 59 of the well-known merchant, John Lymburner. There were three Lyraburnors : John, lost at sea in tho lall of 1775, Matthew, and Adam the most able of tho three ; they were, no doubt, related to each other. The loyalty of Adam, towards the British Crown, in 1775, was more than suspected ; his oratorical powers, however, and his know- ledge of constitutional law, made him a fit delegate to England in pltjading the cause of the colony before the metropolitan authorities. His speech on the occasion is reported in the Canadian Review, published at Montreal, in 1826. Colonel Hy. Caldwell states that, in 1775, Governor Guy Carleton had ordered a cannon to be pointed from the wharf on which stood Lymburner's house, with the intention to open fire upon the Buslonais, should they attempt a surprise on the Sault-au-Matelot quarter. Massive and strongly built stone vaults (probably of French origin,) are still extant beneath the house adjoining, to the south of this last, belonging to the heirs Atkinson. On the site of the offices of Mr, McGie, stood in 1759, the warehouse of M. Perrault ; from a groat number of of letters and invoice-bills found in the garret, and which a friend (3) has i^lacinl at our disposal, it would seem that M. Perrault had extensive commercial relations both in Canada and in France. eil hy (lie Kin-.', tlie 1st March, 1088. Tho '2:)tli Au^'iist, 17'jO, Messire t'hristophe De Lalune, Direrfcitr da ISi'milut ire ilea Mis.siDus EtniiKjtren d I'lVix, inaile a (;(>iu'o.«si(jti of it U> Mons. NicliohisUt'in' l^cvussiMir, Imji'ideur, t(jriiierly chief contractor of the .^hips of "His Most Chrisliiiii Majesty.'' On tlie 2'(tli .June, lVt)(), a .leed of.sak' oftliin same iiMjK'rty, to Josepli lirassard Deschciieaii.v, coiisistiiij^ of a two story liouse ami a wliarf ((^nvc lex ^ididiires au-desstis de laportc) On the 8th Scpteiiiher, 17. 21. 61 arters of nd fire 5 there, Quebec, la Bank, Bank. )uchette Gaspe," :on; M. lis Lord- f master by the ft of the iving on Halifax. icle has M. Jean honest Canada^ a poem rE. P. IS. He iings on ^n 1845, irwards id. [entury, men > of the Id over We "Old Parallel with St. Peter street, runs Nolre-Dame street, which leads us to the little Church of the Lower Town, named Nolre-Dame de la Victoire, in remembrance of the victory achieved in 1690, on the then besieger. Sir Wm. Phipps This Church was, at a later period, called " Notre- Dame des Victo^rps,'' in commemoration of the dispersion by a storm of Admiral Walker's squadron, in 1711. The corner of these streets (St. Peter and Sous-le-Fort streets) is probably the site of the walks and garden plots where Champlain cultivated rosos and carnations about the year 1615. Fronting the Church of " Nolre-Dame des Vicloires " and on the site now occupied as Blanchard's Hotel, the Ladies of the Ursulines, in 1639, found a refuge in an humble residence, a sort of shop or store, owned at that period by the Sieur Juchereau des Chnlelets, at the foot of the path (sentier), leading up to the mountain (foot of Mountain street), and where the then Governor, M. de Montmagny, as is related, sent them their iirst Quebec meal. The locality possessed other traditions of agreeable rfiemory ; the good, the youthful, the beautiful Madame de Champlain, about the year 1G20, here catechised and instruct- ed, under the shadow of the trees, the young Huron Indians in the principles of Christianity. History relates their surprise and joy on seeing their features reflected in the small mirror which their bouofactres.s wore suspended at her side, according to the then prevailing custom. In 1682, a conflagration broke out in the Lower Town which, besides the numerous vaults and stores, reduced into ashes a considerable portion of the buildings. At a later period " Nolre-Dame de la Victoire''' (Church) was built on part of the ruins. Let us open the second volume of the " Cours irilistoire du Canada^' by the Ahb4 Ferland, and let us read " Other ruins existed (in 1684) in the commercial centre of the Lower Town ; these ruins con- ,r 1. : i 62 sisted of blackened and delapidated walls. Champlain's old warehouse which, from the hands of the Company (" Compagnie de la Nouvelle France''), had passed in those of the King (Louis XIV), had remained in the same state as when left after the great fire which, some years previously, had devastated the Lower Town." In 1C84, Monseigneur de Laval obtained this site or emplacement from M. de la Barre for the purpose of erecting a supplementary chapel for the use of the inhabitants in the Lower Town. This gift, however, was ratified only later, in favor of M. de St. Valier, in the month of September, 1685. Messieurs de Denonville and de Meulles caused a clear and plain title or patent of this locality to be issued for the purpose of erecting a church which, in the course of time, was built by the worthy Bishop and named " Notre-Dame de la Victoire.'' The landing for small craft, in the vicinity of the old market (now the Finlay (1) Market), was called " La Place du Debar quement'' i I % It is in this vicinity, (a little to the west,) under the silent shade of a wood near the garden which Champlain had laid out, that the historical interview, in 1608, which saved the colony, took place. The secret was of the greatest importance \ — it is not to })e wondered at if Champlain's trusty pilot. Captain Testu, deemed it proper to conduct the founder of Quebec and privily draw him aside, into the neighbournig wood and make known to him the villanous plot which one of the accomplices, Antoine Natel, locksmith, had first disclosed to him under the greatest secrecy. The chief of the conspiracy was one Jean du Val, who had come to the country with Champlain. W < (1) William Finlay, nil ciniiu'iit nu'ichmil ol' (ituilicc, and our of its chief benefactors, made tu'verullK'quests wliicii tlu'City aiitliuritiis invi'slcd in the f)urcba8e of this market. Mr. Finhiy ilieil at the If Uuul of Madcria, vvliether »e had gone for his health, about the year 1831. lii [11 63 In the early days of the colony, the diminntive market space, facing the front of Notre-Dame church, Lower Town, as well as the Upper Town Market, was used for the infliction of corporal punishment or the pillory, on culprits. On the area facing the Lower Town church on Notre- Dame street, the Plan of the City, drawn by the Engineer, Jean Bourdon, in 1661, shows a bust of Louis XIV, long since removed ; this market, which dates from the earliest times of the colony, as well as the vacant area (formerly the Upper Town market, facing the Basilica,) was used as a place for corporal punishment, and for the exhibition in the pillory of public malefactors. The Quebec Gazette of 19th June, 1766, mentions the whipping, on the Upper and Lower Town markets, of Catherine Berthrand and Janette Blaize, by the hand of the executioner, for having " borrowed " (a pretty way of describing petty larceny) a silver spoon from a gentleman of the town, without leave or without intention of returning it." For male reprobates, such as Jean May and Louis Bruseau, whose punishment for petty larceny is noted in the Gazette of 11th August, 1766, the. whipping was supplemented with a walk — tied at the cart's tail — ^from the Court Hovise door to St. Roch and back to the Court House, May had to whip Bruseau and Bruseau had to whip May the day following, at ten in the morning. Let us revert to Captain Testu's doings. The plot was to strangle Champlain, pillage the ware- house and afterwards betake themselves to the Spanish and Basques vessels, lying at Tadousac. As, at that period, no Court of Appeals existed in "/« Nouvelle France'" — far less was a "Supreme Court" thought of — the trial of the chief of the conspiracy was soon despatched, says Champlain, and the Sieur Jean du Val was "•presto well and duly hanged " and strangled at Quebec aforesaid, and his head affixed to 11 1 WW 1 i i ! i ) 1 64 " the top of a pike-stafF planted on the highest eminence of " the Fort." The ghastly head of this traitor, on the end of a pike-staff, near Nolre-Dmne street, must certainly have had a picturesque effect at twilight. But the brave Captain Testu, saviour of Champlain and of Quebec, — what became of him ? — Champlain has done him the honor of naming him ; here the matter ended. Neither moiaument, nor poem, nor page of history in his honor ; nothing was done in the way of commemorating his devotion. As in the instance of the illustrious man, whose life he had saved, his grave is unknown. According to the Abbe Taaguay, none of his posterity exist at this day. During the siege of 1759, we notice in Panel's Journal, " that the Louver Town was a complete mass of smoking ruins ; on thti 8th August, it was a burning heap [hrasier). Wolfe and Saiinder's bombshells had found their way even to the uuder-gvound vaults. This epoch became disastrous to many Quebecers." The English threw bombs {pots dfeu) on the Lower Town, of which, says Mr. Panet, "one fell on my house, one en the houses in the Market-Place, and the last in ChamplaiiA street. The fire burst out simultaneously, in three different directions ; it was in vain to attempt to cut off or extinguish the fire at my residence ; a gale was blowing from the north-east and the Lower Town was soon nothing less than a blazing mass. Beginning at my house, that of M. Desery, that of M. Maillou, Sault-au-Matelot street, the whole of vhe Lower Town and all the quarter Cul-de-Sac up to the property of Sieur Voyer, which was spared, in short up to the house of the said Voyer, the whole was devastated by the ^\q. Seven vaults * had been * Tlie moft npaciouH, the Timst romarkaltle of tlii-Hf nulistantial vaults of French construction, are tlionc which now licloni^ to the Estate Postori on the nortli siJe of Notre-Danic strct't, nearly opposite Ihe church Notre-Darne des Victoiren. It in claiineng tea- idonald length, e," next n Hart- \\ZQ ; its a to its belong he past lofty ct, they cannot ght to nown stately hand- in the ic sito. lie ttffairs III in that cxtc; ;il jmmiaiiry aperf" and loato ^Wn of 1782. houso — Rule in Grande AlUe — the forest avenue, which two hundred years ago led to Sillery Wood. On turning and looking back as you approach Bleak House, you have an excellent view of the Citadel, and of the old French works which extend beyond it, to the extremity of the Cape, overlooking V Arise des Meres. A little beyond the Bleak House, at the top of what is generally known as Perrault's Hill, stands the Per- raultt homestead, dating back to 1820, tAsyle Champitre, — now tastefully renovated and owned by Henry Dinning, Esq. The adjoining range of heights, occupied by the Mar- tello Towers, the Granieau Terrace, &c., are known as the Buttes d, Nepveu. " It was here that Murray took his stand on the morning of April 28th, 1700, to resist the advance of Levis, and here commenced <^ho hardest-fought — the bloodiest action of th'^ war, which terminated in the defeat of Murray, and his re>.reat within the city. The Martello Towers are bomb-proof, they are four in number, and form a chain of forts extending along the ridge from the St. Lawrence to the River St. Charles. The fact that this ridge commanded the city, unfortunately induced Murray to leave it and attempt to fortify the heights, in which he was only partially successful, owing to the frost boing still in the ground. The British Grovernment were made aware of the fact, and seeing that from the improved artillery, the city w^as nov/ fully commanded from the heights, which are about seven hundred yards distant, doeidinl to build the Towers. Arrangements were accordingly made by Col. Brock, then commanding the trooiis in Canada. In 1 806, the necessary materials were collected, and in the following year thoir construction commencod. They were not, however com- pleted till 1812. The original estimate for the four Vvas je8,000, but before completion the Imperial government had expended nearly ill 2, 000. They are not all of the same t Mnjor Perriiult Mid his cstoi Hied father, the I'rcthonotary, a warm friend to oduoation, both lived thoro many years. T8 / sisse, but like all Martello Towers, they are circular and bomb-proof. The exposed sides are thirteen feet thick and gradually diminish like the horns of the crescent moon, to seven feet in the centre of the side next the city walls. The first or lower story contains tanks, storerooms and magazine ; the second has cells for the garrison, with port-holes for two guns. On the top there used to be one 68-pounder carronade, two 24, and two 9-poundors." A party of Arnold's soldiers ascended these heights in November, 1775, and advanced quite close to the city walls, shouting defiance at the little garrison, A few shots soon dispersed the invaders, who retraced their steps to "Wolfe's Cove. On the Buttes-d-Nepveu^ the great criminals were formerly executed. Here, La Corriveau, the St. Valier La- farge, met her deserved fate, in 1763, after being tried by one of Governor Murray's Court Marshalls for murdering her husband. After death she was hung in chains, or rather in a solid iron cage, at the fork of four roads, at Levi, close to the spot where the Temperance monument has since been built. The loathsome form of the murderess caused more than one shudder amongst the peaceable pea- santry of Levi, until some brave young men, one dark night, cut down the horrid cage, and hid it deep under ground, next to the cemetery at Levi, where close to a century after- wards, it was dug up and sold to Barnum's agent for his museum. Sergeant Jas. Thompson describes in his diary, under date 18th Nov., 1782, another memorable execution : " This day two fellows were executed for the murder and robbery of Capt. Stead, commander of one of the Trea- sury Brigs, on the evening of the 31st Dec, 1779, between the Upper and Lower Town. The criminals went through Port St, Louis, about 11 o'clock, at a slow and doleful pace, to the place where justice had allotted them to suffer the most ignominious death. It is astonishing to see what a inder 79 etowd of people followed the tragic scene. Eveli our peo^ pie on the works (Cape Diamond) prayed Capt. Twiss for leave to follow the hard-hearted crowd." It was this Capt. Twiss who subsequently furnished the plan and built a temporary citadel in 1793. In 1793, we have also recorded in history, another doleful procession of red coats, the Quebec Garrison, accompanying to the same place of execution a mess- mate (Draper), a soldier of the Fusileers, then com- manded by the young Duke of Kent, who, after pronounc- ing the sentence of death, as commander, over the trembling culprit, kneeling on his coffin, as son and representative of the Sovereign, exercised the royal perogative of mercy and pardoned poor Draper. Look down Perrault's hill towards the south. There stands, with a few shrubs and trees in the foreground, the Military Home, — where infirm soldiers, their widows and children, could find a refuge. It has recently been pur- chased and converted into the " Female Orphan Asylum." It forms the eastern boundary of a large expanse of verdure and trees, reaching the summit of the lot originally intend- ed by the Seminar v of Quebec for a Botanical Garden ; subsequently it wao contemplated to build their new semi- nary there to afford the boys abundance of fresh air. Alas ! other counsels prevailed. Its western boundary is a road leading to the new District Jail, — a stone structure of great strength, surmounted with a diminutive tower, admirably p dap tod, one would imagine, for astronomical pursuits. From its glistening cupola. Commander Ashe's Provincial Observatory is visable to the east. I was forgetting to notice the substantial building, dating from 1855 — the Ladies' Home. The Protestant Ladies of Quebec have here, at no small expense and trouble, raised a 80 It • II Useful asylum, where the aged and infirm may find shelter. This» and the building opposite, St, Bridget's Asylum, with its growing fringe of trees and green plots, are de- cided ornaments to the Grande Allee. The old burying ground of 1832, with all its ghastly memories of the Asiatic scourge, has assumed quite an ornate, nay a respectable aspect. Close to the toll-bar on the Grande AfUe, may yet be seen one of the meredian stones which serve to mark the western boundary of the city, beyond the Messrs. Lampson's Mansion. On the adjoin- ing domain, well named "Battlefield Cottage," formerly the property of Col. Charles Campbell, now owned by Michael Connolly, Esq., was the historic well out of which a cup of water was obtained to moisten the parched lips of the dying hero, James Wolfe, on the 13th Sept., 1751^'. The well was filled in a few years ago, but not before it was nigh proving fatal to Col. Campbell's then young son, — (Arch, Campbell, Esq., of Thornhill.) Its site is close to the western boundary fence, in the garden behind " Battlefield Cottage." Here we are at those immortal plains — the Hastings and Runny- meade of the two races once arrayed in battle against one another at Quebec, The western boundary of the Plains is a high fence enclosing March mont for years, the cherished family seat of John Grilmour, Esq., now occupied by Col. Fred. Turnbull, of the Canadian Hussars. On the north-eaot corner of the Belvidere Road, may be seen a ran^a of glass houses, put up by J. Doig, formerly gardener at Benmore. A few minutes more brings the tourist to M. Price's villa, Wolfe-field, where may be '^ the precipitous path up the St. Denis burn, by whi i the Highlanders and British soldiers gained a footing above, on the 13th September, 1759, and met in battle uray to win a victory destined to revolutioniz(^ the New World. The British were jjiloted in their ascent of the river by a French 81 be erly prisoner brought with them from England — Denis do Vitru, formerly a Quebecer of distinction. Their landing place at Sillery was selected by Major Robert Stobo, who had, in May, 1759, escaped from a French prison in Quebec, and joined his countrymen, the English, at Louisbourg, from whence he took ship again to meet Admiral Saunders' fleet at Quebec. The tourist next drives past Thornhill, for years owned by Arch. Campbell, Esq., P. S. C, Sir Francis Hinck's old hom^, when Premier to Lord Elgin : opposite appear the leafy glades of Spencer Wood, so grateful a sum- mer retreat, that my Lord used to say, " There he not only loved to live, but would like to rest his bones." Next comes Spencer G-range, the seat of J. M. LeMoine, Esq. ; then Woodfield, the homestead of the Hon. Wm. Sheppard* in 1847, later on of Messrs. John Lawson and Jas. Gibb.f Facing the "Woodfield property, on the Gomin Eoad, are visible the extensive Vineries and Peach Houses of Hon. Geo. Okill Stuart, Judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court. The eye next dwells on the rustic Church of St. Michael, embowered in evergreens ; south of which looms out, at Sous les Bois, the stately convent of Jesus-Marie ; on the edge of the bank, to the south-east, at Poinie-u-Pizeau, stands the R. C. Church of St. Colomb de Sillery, in a most com- manding position ; on the Sillery heights, north-west of the Church of St. Michael, the late Bishop George J. Mountain owned a delightful summer retreat, recently sold to Albert H. Furniss, Esq. ; then you meet with viUa.s innumerable — one of the most conspicuous is Benmore, Col. Rhodes' country seat. Benmore is well worthy of a call, were it only to procure a bouquet. This is not merely the Eden of roses ; Col. Rhodes has combined the farm with the garden. His undergrotind rhubarb and mushroom cellars, his • My olil friend died in 18(5"— ro^^rettcd as a scholar, an antiqurian and the lype of tho old English gentleman. f This realm of fairy land, 80 rich in nature's graces, so profusely embellished by the late James Gibb, Esq., President of the Quebec Bank, was recently sold for a rural cemetery. 11 82 boundless asparagus beds and strawberry plantations, are a credit to Quebec. Next come Clermont,^ Beauvoir,|| Kilmarnock§, Catara- qui,** Kilgraston, Kirk-Ella.ft Meadow Banket Ravens- wood, |||| Dornaldjf until, after, a nine miles' drive, Redely ffe closes the rural landscape — Redclyflfe,§§ on the top of Cap Rouge promontory. There, many indications yet mark the spot where Roberval's ephemeral colony wintered as far back as 1542. You can now, if you like, return to the city by the same route, or select the St. Foye Road, skirting the classic heights where General Murray, six months after the first battle of the Plains, lost the second, on the 25th April, 1760; the St. Foye Church wa? then occupied by the British soldiers. Beausejour is a beautiful demesne, where M. Ls. Bilodeau has several reservoirs, for the propagation of trout. Your gaze next rests on Holland House, Montgomery's headquarters in 1775, behind which is Hol- land Tree, overshadowing, as of yore, tho grave of the Hollands.* The view, from the St. Foye road, of the gracefully mean- dering St. Charles below, especially during the i^irli tides, is something to be remembered. The tourist shortly after detects the iron pillar, surmounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, presented in 1855 by Prince Napoleon Bonaparte — intended to commemorate the fierce struggle at this spot X The stately home of Thomas Bookett, Esq. II The picturesque villa of R. R. Dobell, Esq. § A mossy old hall founded by Mr. McNidor in the beginning of the century ; now occupied by the Graddon family. *• The gorgeous mansion of Chas. E. Levey, Esq. tt The highly cultivated farm and summer residence of Andrew Stuart, Esq. XX The property of John Burstall, Esq. II II The beautiful home of W. Herring, Esq. t The rustic abode of tho late Hon. John Noilson, now owned by his son. §§ Recently acquired by James Bowen, Esq., founded by the late W. Atkinson, Esq., in 1820. • For account of the duel, which laid low one of the Hollands, see Maplt Leave* for 1863. Tho tree, however, has lately been destroyed by a storm. 83 Jontury ; Ssq. Itkinsoni Leave* on the 28th April, 1760. In close vicinity, appear the bright parterres or umbrageous groves of Bellevue,-\ Hamwood, | Bijou, II "Westfield.^ Sans-Bruit, and the narrow gothic arches of Finlay Asylum ; soon you re-enter by St. John's Suburbs, with the broad basin of the St. Charles and the pretty Island of Orleans staring you in the face. The principal objects to be noted in this street are : on the north side, St. John's Church, built in 1848— a large but not very elegant temple of R. C. worship, capable of seating 2,000 persons ; on the south side, St. Matthew's Church, (Church of England,) a handsome structure, whose begin- nings, in 1828, were associated with the late Bishop Q-. J. Mountain's ministrations and munificence. The exertions of the Rev. Chs. Hamilton and the generous bequests of his brother, Robert Hamilton, and other members of the family, have been mainly instrumental in enlarging and decorating this building. Close by, is the new French Protestant Church. "We shall close this short sketch with a mention of the *' Quebec Protestant Burying Ground," originally bought by the Government of the Province of Quebec, from the heirs St. $imon, partly on the 9th December, 1771, and partly on the 22nd August, 1778. In the year 1823, Lord Dalhousie made a grant of this ground to the " Trustees of the Protestant Burying Ground," in whose hands it has remained until the 19th May, 1860, when the cemetery was declared closed by the 23rd Vict., chap. 70. Major Thomas Scott, Pay-master of the 70th Regiment, a brother to Sir "Walter, was buried here in 1823. Major Thomas Scott was at one time charged with having written " Rob Roy." And next to St. John's Gate, looms out the '% some new building of the Y. M. C. Association, facing i .e new Montcalm Market. t A stately Convent of Congregational Nuns. t The ornate country seat of Robt. Hamilton, Esq. il The cosy dwelling of And. Thompson, President Union Bank. § The homestead of Hon. D. A. Ross, late Atty.-Genl., FroTinoe of Quebec. SPENCER WOOD (By J. M I.eMoine.) Through thy groeii groves ami deep receding howerH, Lovetl Spencer Wood! how orteii liavc I nt rayed, Or iiiUHcd away tlie calm, tmhroktn liours, Beneath sonic broad oak's cuul, refreshing nhadc. —Adam Kidd.* On the South side of the St, Louis road, past "Wolfe and Montcalm's famed battle-field, two miles from the city walls, lies, embowered in verdure, the most picturesque domain of Sillery — one might say of Canada— Spencer Wood. • Wc give here the wliok' of tlie poetical tribute paid by Adam Kidd to a BDOt wliere he appears to have npent many lia|)py hours, as a guest of the Percevals, togctlier with liis notes to the poem:— SPKNCER WOOD. Through thy green groves nnd deep receding bowers, Loved Sponcor Wood ! how often have I strayed, Or mused away tlic calm, unbroken hours. Beneath some broad oak's cool, refreshing shade. There, not a sound disturbed the tranquil scene, Save welcome hunimings •!' the roving bee, That quickly flitted over the tufted green, Or whero the squirrel played from tree to tree- And I have paused brjsidc that dimpling stream, Which slowly winds thy beauteous groves among. Till from its breast retired the sun's lust beam. And every bird bad ceased its vesper song. The blushing arbors of those classic days. Through which the breathings of the slender reed, First softly echoed with Arcadia's praise, Might well bo pictured in this sheltered moad. And blest were those who found a happy home In thy loved shades, without ono throb of care — No murmurs heard, save from the distant foam That rolled in columns o'er the great Chaudiiiro. (1) And I have watched the moon in grandeur rise Above the tinted maple's leafy breast, And toko her brilliant pathway through the skies. Till half the world seemed lulled in peaceful rest. (1) " The Falls of the Chaudi^re are about nine miles from Quebec, on the south shore of the St. Lawrence, and for beauty and romantic scenery, perhaps not surpassed in all America. They are not so magnificent a» Niagara, but certainly far more picturesque." 85 I'his celebrated Vice-Regal Lodge was (1780-96) known as Powell Place, when owned by General Henry Watson Powell ; it took its name of Spenqer Wood from the Right Honorable Spencer Perceval, ^'^^ the illustrious relative of the Hon. Michael Henry Perceval, whose family possessed it from 1815 to 1833, when it was sold to the late Henry Atkinson, Esquire, an eminent and wealthy Quebec mer- chant. Hon. Mr. Perceval, member of the Executive and Legislative Council, had been H. M.'s Collector of Customs at Quebec for many years and until his death, which took place at sea, 12th October, 1820. The Perce vals lived for many years in alfluenco in this sylvan retreat. Of their elegant receptions Quebecers still cherish pleasant remini- scences.f Like several royal villas of England and Francci Spencer Wood had its periods of splendor alternated by Oh ! theso wero hours whoso soft enchanting spell Caino o'er tho heart, in thy grove's deep reua.ss, ■Where e'en poor Shonstono might have loved to dwolli Enjoying tho pure balm of happiness I But soon, how soon, a different scone I trace, Where I have wandered, or oft musing stood ; And those whose cheering looks enhanced tho place, No more shall smile on thee, lone Spencer Wood I (2) (2) " This is one of the most beautiful spots in Lower Canada, and the property (1830) of the lato Hon. Michael Henry Perceval, who resided there with his accomplished family, who.se highly cultivated minds rendered my visits to Spencer Wood doubly interesting. Tho grounds and grand walks are tastefully laid out, interspersed with great variety of trees, planted by tho hand of nature. The scenery is altogether magnificent, and particularly towards tho cast, whore the groat Erecipioes overhang Wolfe's Cove. This latter place has derived its name from that ero, who, with his British troops, nobly ascended its frowning cliffs on tho 13th September, 1769, and took possession of tho Plains of Abraham." — Adam Kidi>, 1830. (The Huron Chief and other Poems — Adam Kidd.) • Tho illustrious Chancellor of tho Exchequer, Spencer Perceval, assa»:sinated by Bellingham on tho 1 1th May, 1812, probably took the name of Spencer from the Earls of Egmont and Northampton, connected with tho Forcevals. t A Quebec lady writes to the Q. Morn'ixq Ciironici-e .•—"Tho once beautiful and accomplished Mrs. M. H. Perceval is no more 1 She died on the 23rd November, 1876, at Lews Castle, Stornoway, Scotland, at the residence of her son-in-law, fir James Mathioson, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends, aged 86. At the age of 18 sho was Acting Lady Slayoress of London, as her father, Sir Charles Flowor, Lord Mayor, was a widower. At 19, she married the Hon. M. U. Perceval, who was appointed Collector of Customs in Quebec. They bought Powell Place, and gave it the name of Spencer Wood, after Earl Spencer, brother of Mr. Perceval. Their eldest son, Colonel of the Coldstream Quards, is also called Spencer ; the Earl Spencer was his godfather. Few now remain to remember the splendid receptions given by tho lovely and graceful Mrs. Perceval at Spencor Woed." — (Mokninq Chromclk, 30th December, 1876.) IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 m IIIM 112,5 11132 ;i. illM ij,40 12.2 2.0 1-4 il.6 % f>Mi»^ /'^ 88 consigned to a Quebec dungeon three of the most prominent members of the Legislature, Messrs. Bedard, Taschereau and Blanchet, together with Mr. Lefran9ois, the printer of the Canadien newspaper, for certain comments in that journal, on Sir James' colonial policy. Sir Jam3S had spent the greatest part of his life in the army, actively battling against France ; a Frenchman for him was a traditional enemy. This unfortur.ate idea seems more than once to have inspired his colonial policy with regard to the descen- dants of Frenchmen whom he ruled. Born at Gibraltar, of Scotch parents, James Henry Craig entered the English service in 1763 at the age of 15, and on many occasions distinguished himself by his courage. During the war of the American revolution he served in Canada, and was present at the unfortunate affair of Saratoga. SIR JAMES CRAIG TO MR. RYLAND. QuEUEO, Powell Place, Gth August, 1810. My Dear llyland, — Till I took my pen in my hand I thought I had a great deal to say to you, and now I am mostly at a Ions for a subject. • * • • We liavo remained very quiet; whatever is going on is silently. I have no reason to think, however, that any change has taken place in the public mind ; that I believe remains in the same state. Bishop Plessis, on the return from his tour, acknowledged to me that he had reason to think that some of his curts had not behaved quite as they ought to have done ; he is . now finishing the remainder of his visitations. Blanchette and Taschereau are both released on account of ill-health ; the former is gone to Kamouraska to bathe, the latter was only let out a few days ago. He sent to the Chief Justice (Sewell,) to ask if he would allow liim to call on him, who answered, by all means. The Chief Justice is convinced he is perfectly converted. He assured him that he felt it to be his duty to take any public occasion, by any act whatever that he could point out, to show his contrition and the sense he entertained of hia former conduct. He told the Chief Justice in conversation that Blanchette came and con- sulted him on the subject of publishing the paper, "Prenez vous par le bout du nez," and that having agreed that it would be very improper that it should appear, they went to Bedard, bot\ieen whom and Blanchette tliere were very liigh words on the occasion. I know not what Panet is about, I have never heard one word of or about him. In short, I really have nothing to tell you, nor do I imagine that I shall have, till I hear from you. You may suppose how anxious fshall be till that takes place. We have fixed the time for about the 10th September ; till then I shall not come to an^ final resolution with respect to the bringing the three delinquents to trial or not. I. am, however, inclined to avoid it, so is the B- ; the C. J. is rather, I think, inclined to the other side, though aware of the inconvenience that may arise from it. Blanchette and Taschereau have both, in the most unequivocal 89 terms, acknowledged the criminality of their conduct, and it will be hinted that if Bedard will do the same it may be all that will be required of them ; at present his language is that he haj' done nothing wrong, aiid that he does not care how long he is kept in prison. We have begun upon the road to the townships (the Craig Road, through the Eastern Townships.) • • • We shall get money enough, especially as we hope to finish it at a third of what it would have cost if we would have employea the country people. (It was made by soldiers.) The scoundrels of the Lower Town have begun their clamor already, and I shall scarcely be surprised if the House should ask, when they meet, by what authority I have cut a road without tUeir permission. The road begins at St. Giles and will end at the township of Shipton. Yours most faithfully, (Signed,) J. H. CRAIG. (History of Canada, Christie, vol. VI., p. 128.) Very different, and we hope more correct, views are now promulgated on colonial matters from Powell Place. If Sir James, wincing under bodily pain, could write angry letters, there were occasions on which the "rank and fashion" of the city received from him the sweetest epistles imaginable. The lOth August of each year, (his birth-day perhaps) as he informs us in another letter, was sacred to rustic enjoyment, conviviality and the exchange of usual courtesies, which none knew better how to dispense than the sturdy old soldier. The English traveller, John Lambert, thus notices it in his interesting narrative in 1808 : — "Sir James Craig resided in summer at a country house about four or five miles from Quebec, and went to town every morning to transact business. This residence is called Powell Place, and is delightfully bituated in a neat plantation on the border of the bank which overlooks the St. Lawrence, not far from the spot where General Wolfe landed and ascended to the heights of Abraham. Sir James gave a splendid breakfast alfresco at this place in 1809 to all the principal inhabitants of Quebec, and the following day he allowed his servants and their acquaintances to partake of a similar entertain- ment at his expense." — (Lambert's Travels, 1808, p. 310.) 12 ■J ■ - WM».Wt -vyl.X ./-i-k 00 Our late octogenarian friend, P. A. De Gasp6, esquire, an eye-witness, describes one of these annual gatherings with all the fervor of a youthful lover ^ ' * A fSte champitre AT Powell place in 1809. (From the French of P. A. DeQaspC.) " Sir William Vivian, all a summer's day Qave his broad lawns until the set of sun Up vO the people " (Thb Pmncess, TemynonJ) " At half-past eight A. M., on a bright August morning, (I say a bright one, for such had lighted up this ireloome/efc champitre during three consecutive years) the elite of the Quobeo beau monde left the city to attend Sir James Craig's kind invitation. Once opposite Powel Place (now Spencer Wood) the guests left their vehicles on the main road, and plunged into a dense forest, following a serpentine avenue which led to a delightful cottage in full view of the majestic Saint Lawrence ; the river here appears to flow past, amidst luxuriant, green bowers which line iu banks. Small tables for four, for six, for eight guests are laid out, facing the cottage, on a platform oi planed deals — this will shortly serve as a dancing floor al fresco ; as the guests successively arrive, they form in parties to partake of a dejeuner «n /amille. I say en/amille for an aide-de-camp and a few waiters excepted, no one interferes with the small groups clubbed together to enjoy thoir early repast, of which cold moat, radishes, bread, tea and coS'ee form the staples. Those whose appetite is appeased make room for new comers, and amuse themselves strolling under the shade of trees. At ten the cloth is removed ; the company are all on the qui vive. The oottage, like the enchanted castle in the opera of Zemira and Azor, only awaits the magic touch of a fairy ; a few minutes elapse, and the chief entrance is thrown open ; little King Craig, followed by a brilliant staff, enters. Simultaneously an invisible orchestra, located high amidst the dense foliage of large trees, strikes up God save the King. All stand uncovered, in solemn silence, in token of respect to the national anthem of Qroat Britain. " The magnates press forward to pay their respects to His Excellency. Those who do not intend to " trip the light fantastic toe " take seats on the platform where His Excellency sits in state ; an A.D.C. calls out, gentlemen, takeyoMr partners, and the dance begins. " Close on sixty winters have run by since that day, when I, indefatigable dancer, figured in a country danco of thirty couples. My footEteps, which now seem to me like lead, scarcely then left a trace behind them. All the young hearts who enlivened this gay meeting of other days, are mouldering in their tombs ; even she the most beautiful of them all, la belle dea belles— she, the partner of my joys and of my sorrows — sho, who on that day accepted in the circling dance, for the first time, this hand, which two years after, was to lead her to the hymeneal altar — yes, even she has been swept away by the tide of death.} May not I also say, with Ossian, " ' Why art thou sad, son of Fingal ! Why grows the cloud of thy soul 1 The sons " of future years shall pass away ; another race shall arise 1 The people are like the " waves of the ocean ; like the leaves of woody Morven— they pass away in tho " rustling blast, and other leaves lift their green heads on high.' " i Mr. DeGasp6 married in 1811, Susanna, daughter of Thos. Allison, Esq., a captain of the 6th Regiment, infantry, and of Therese Baby ; the latter's two brother officers. Captain Ross Lewin and Bellingham, afterwards Lord Bellingham, married at Detroit, then forming part of Upper Canada, two sisters, daughters of the Hon. Jacques Duperon Baby. '. V'S Spencer Wood has ever been a favorite resort for our Governors — Sir James Craig — Lord Elgin— Sir Edmund Walker Head — Lord Monk — Lord Lisgar, and Lord Dufferin on his arrival in 1872 ; none prized it so highly, none rendered it more attractive than the Earl of Elgin. Of his f4tes champ^ires, recherch^s dinners, chdteau balls, a pleasant remembrance still lingers In the memory of many Quebecers and others. Several circumstances added to the charms and comfort of Spencer Wood in his day. On one side of St. Louis Eoad, stood the gubernatorial residence ; on the opposite side at Thornhill, dwelt the Prime Minis- ter, Sir Francis Hincks. Over the vice-regal " walnuts and wine," how many knotty state questions have been discus- " After all, why. indeed, yield up my soul to Badness' The children of the eoming generation will pass rapidly, and a new one will take its place. Men are like the surges of the ocean ; they resemble the leaves which hang over the groves of my manor ; autumnal storms cause them to fall, but new and equally green ones each spring, replace the fallen ones. Why should I sorrow 7 Eighty-six children, grand- children and great-grand-children, will mourn the fall of the old oak, when the breath of the Almighty shall smite it. Should I have the good fortune to find mercy from the sovereign judge ; should it be vouchsafed to me to meet again the angel of virtue, who cheered the few happy days I passed in this vale of sorrow, we will both pray together for the numerous progeny we left behind us. But let us revert to the merry meeting previously alluded to. It is half-past two in the afternoon ; we are gaily going through the figures of a country dance " speed the plough " perhaps, when the music stops short ; every one is taken aback, and wonders at the cause of interruption. The arrival of two prelates, Bishop Plessis and Bishop Mountain, gave us the solution of the enigma ; an aide-de-camp had mentioned to the band- master to stop, on noticing the entrance of the two high dignitaries of the respective churches. The dance was interrupted whilst they were there, and was resumed on their departure. Sir James had introduced this point of etiquette, from the respect he entertained for their persons. " At three, the loud sound of a hunter's horn is heard in the distance ; — all follow His Excellency, in a path cut through the then virgin forest of Powel Place. Some of the guests, from the length of the walk, began to think that Sir James had intended those who had not danced to take a "constitutional" before dinner, when, en rounding an angle, a huge table, canopied with green boughs, groaning under the weight of dishes, struck on their view — a grateful oasis in the desert. Monsieur Petit, the che/de cuisine has surpassed himself; like Vatel, I imagine he would have committed suicide had he failed to achieve the triumph, by which ho intended to elicit our praise. Nothing could exceed in magnificence, in lumptousness this repast — such was the opinion not only of the Canadians, for whom such displays were new, but also of the European guests, though there was a slight draw back to the perfect enjoyment of the dishes — the materiaU which compoeed them we could not recognize ; 80 great was the artistic skill, so wonderful the manipulationo of Monsieur Petit, the French cook. " The Bishops left about half an hour after dinner, when dancing was resumed with an increasing ardor, but the cruel mammas were getting concerned respecting certain sentimental walks which their daughters were enjoying after sunset. They ordered them home, if not with that menacing attitude with which the goddess Calypso is said to have spoken to her nymphs, at least with frowns, 89 Sfud the gay young cavatiert. By nine o'clock, all had re-entered Quebec." 'M ^2 is6d, how many despatches settled, how many political points adjusted in the stormy days which saw the aboli- tion of the Seigniorial Tenure and Clergy Reserves. At one of his brilliant postprandial speeches, — Lord Elgin was much happier at this style of oratory than his successor, Sir Edmund Head, — the noble Earl is reported to have said, alluding to Spencer Wood, " Not only would I will- ingly spend here the rest of my life, but after my death, 1 should like my bones to rest in this beautiful spot ; " and still China and India had other scenes, other triumphs, and his Sovereign, other rewards for the successful statesman. Sir Edmund Head's sojourn at Spencer "Wood was marked by a grievous family bereavement ; his only son, a promising youth of nineteen summers, was, in 1858, acci- dentally drowned in the St. Maurice, at Three Eivers, while bathing. This domestic affliction threw a pall over the remainder of the existence of His Excellency, already darkened by bodily disease. Seclusion and quiet were desirable to him. A small private gate still exists at Spencer Grange which at the request of the sorrowful father was opened through the adjoining property with the permision of the proprietor. Each week His Excellency, with his amiable lady, stealing a few moments from the burthen of affairs of State, would thus walk through unobserved to drop a silent tear, on the green grave at Mount Hermon, in which were entombed all the hopes of a noble house. On the 12th March, 1860, on a wintry evening, whilst the castle was a blaze of light and powdered footmen hurried through its sounding corridors, to relieve of their fur coats and mufflers, His Excellency's guests asked at a state din- ner that night — Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir Greo. E. Car- tier, Mr. Pennifather and others — the alarm of fire was sounded, and in a couple of hours, of the magnificent pile a few charred ruins only remained. There was no State dinner that night. 93 One of the last acts of the Ministry in retiring in 1861, was the signing of the contract to rebuild Spencer Wood. The appropriation was a very niggardly one, in view of the size of the structure required as a Yice-Eegal residence. All meretricious ornaments in the design were of course left out. A square building, two hundred feet by fifty, was erected with the main entrance, in rear, on the site of the former lovely flower garden. The location of the entrance and consequent sacrifice of the flower garden for a court, left the river front of the dwelling for the private use of the inmates of the Chdteau by excluding the public. Lord Monk, the new Governor G-eneral, took possession of the new Mansion and had a plantation of fir and other trees added to conceal the east end from public gaze. Many happy days were spent at Spencer Wood by His Lordship and family, whose private secretary, Denis Godly, Esq., occupied the picturesque cottage " Bagatelle,"* facing the Holland road, on the Spencer Grange property. If illus- trious names on the Spencer Wood Visitor's Register could enhance the interest the place may possess, foremost, one might point to H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, visiting in 1860 the site probably more than once surveyed and admi- red, in 1791-4, by his grand-father. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, in his drives round Quebec, with the fascinating Baroness de St. Laurent. Conspicuous amongst all those familiar with the portals of Spencer Wood, may be men- tion two other Royal Princes — the Duke of Edinburgh and Prince Arthur, Princess Louise ; with Dukes and Earls — the Duke of Newcastle, Manchester, Buckingham, Prince Napoleon, Generals Grant, Sherman, &c. Since Confederation, Spencer Wood has been successively tenanted by Sir N. F. Belleau, Lieutenant-Governor Caron, Lieutenant-Governor Letellier de St. Just, and Lieutenant- Governor Robitaille, the present occupant of the seat. * Now occupied by Hon. Chs. Hoaro Ruthven, brother to Lord RuthTen and Capt. of tho crack SiUery Corps, the 3rd Co. Quebec Qarrison Artillery. t !*;f-' Iv •if ■> V. 94 XiiCS2l£OZt.AJBIXiZJL^ Jacques Cartier landed on the banks of the Saint Oliarles Sept. 14, 1535 Quebec founded by Samuel de Champlam July 3, 1608 Fort St. Louis built at Quebec 1620 Quebec surrendered to Admiral Kirk 1629 Quebec returned to the French 1632 Death of Champlain, the first Governor Dec. 25, 1635 Settlement formed at Sillery 1637 A Royal Government formed at Quebec 1663 Quebec unsuccessfully besieged by Admiral Phipps 1690 Count de Frontenac died Nov. 28, 1698 Battle of the Plains of Abraham Sept. 13, 1759 Capitulation of Quebec Sept. 18, 1759 Battle of St. Foye— a French victory April 28, 1760 Canada ceded by treaty to England 1763 Blockade of Quebec by Generals Montgomery and Arnold Nov. 10, 1776 Death of Montgomery Slst Dec, 1775 Retreat of Americans from Quebec May 6, 1776 Division of Canada into Upper and Lower Canada 1791 Insurrection in Canada 1837 Second Insurrection.... » 1838 Union of the two Provinces in one , 1840 Dominion of Canada formed July 1, 1867 Departure of English troops 1870 Second Centenary of Foundation of Bishopric of Quebec by Monseigneur Laval Oct. 1st, 1674, 1874 Centenary of Repulse of Arnold and Montgomery before Quebec on 31st Dec., 1775 ...^IstDec., 1876 Dufferin Plans of City embellishment,. Christmas day. 1876 Departure of the Earl of Dufferin 18th Oct., 1878 Arrival of the Marquis of Lome and Princess Louise ..... i « . 4th June, 1879 ■ V .■'■'* :-' C' mi, ' I x.f¥" ■ ■ ■■'-!' f >l' ■ ,!■>, '■:■■■> ■■■■ / ■i. (■ r- ^^■f^^^ ^>. : ' '-^i^ %^';v ■,'>•■ - ft.---"' j#--'* '^ -jv*!': ;<%■:,• /:' V^.ls! J... "'a'cC^'^H:?'^^^; ■■ ■■>_. ■—^"^^'^^^^^■■"'^■^■^ ^ ■i^i mtmjtiilffimmifmm^^^ i im... i t^j' T"..^V- ' A' 24 tc 26, lAPitf ™t^, IF: T., JJieliiic, s: IMPORTERS OP atffg I r0(Jd;^, :^^:',S ^^ tapU f rg & SILKS, DRESS COOdS, Laces, Ribbons, v^,,>r .' .■•rtv ^ . ' - . I , . ,J-- ■•->,J.*.K , - ■ ■ . ■ ■ • , • • ; /.. Alezandie's and' Florence Eid Gloves, 7 SILK and BALBBICKJAN HOSIERY, TirMBRELLASj TRAVELLING: CLOAKS, ' SEE^'V^LS and WRAPPERS. r-..^^.-,;._:^ -m — ^- , . SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS : lll^^'Ppess-Making, Mantle-Making, Millinery ,^^^fi '''■'-' ' • , • ' ■ - ' ^'All nndn\FlrstMos& ami. 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