CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES FROM HISTORICAL POINTS 
 
 OF VIEW. 
 
 US8TRACT.) 
 
 By J. G. BoCRiNOT, C. M. G., LL. D., Canadian Hoase of Commons. 
 
 This paper was devoted to an elaborate review of the rela- 
 tions of the two countries since the foundation of Jamestown 
 and Quebec in the beginning of the seventeenth century. The 
 past history of America shows that there has been a destiny 
 ever shaping the ends of the Canadian communities as well as 
 of the United States, however diplomatists and statesmen 
 have endeavored to "rough hew" them. The following events 
 were briefly reviewed, and theii- efl'ects on the two countries 
 were indicated. 
 
 The treaty of Paris of 1763; the Quebec act of 1774; the 
 war of Independence, and the coming of the United Empire 
 loyalists into British North America; the treaty of 1783; the 
 American Constitution of 1787 and the ordinance of 1787; the 
 Canadian constitutional act of 1791; the Louisiana purchase; 
 the war of 1812; the treaty of 1818 and the fishery question; 
 the Canadian rebellion of 1837-'38, and its causes ; the Caro- 
 line affair ; the reunion of the Canadas; responsible govern- 
 ment; theMcLeod embroglio; the Ashburton treaty of 1842; 
 the Oregon question and its settlement in 184(5 ; the San Juan 
 dispute ; the fishery question until 1854 ; the reciprocity treaty 
 of 1854-1866; the civil war in the United States; the Fenian 
 raids ; the confederation of the provinces ; the fishery question 
 from 186G to 1871; the Washington treaty of 1871-1885; the 
 fishery question from 1885-1890; the proposed Washiugton 
 treaty of 1888 ; the Bering Sea question. 
 
 The Canadian Dominion, 1890, is then compared with the 
 isolated provinces of a century ago. The whole history of 
 Canada proves that there has been always, among its people, 
 
 39 
 
40 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 not merely an attachment to England and her iustitntions, 
 but a latent and powerful influence which, in time of peace as 
 in times of peril, has led them onward in a path of national 
 development which every decade of years has diverged more 
 and more from the great federation of States to their south. 
 The position of Canada in the empire now gives her large in- 
 fluence in i'nperial councils and in all negotiations and treaties 
 that immediately affect her territorial and other interests in 
 America. Canada is no longer a mere "province" — as Mr. 
 Blaine incorrectly calls her in his correspondence on the Ber- 
 ing Sea difficulty — but a union of provinces and territories ex- 
 tending from the Atlantic to the Pficlfic, legally and constitu- 
 tionally called a " Dominion," and having large rights under 
 her constitution which practically make her a semi-independent 
 power. Oanada has been always ready to agree to a fair meas- 
 ure of reciprocity with her neighbors, but all her efforts so far 
 in that direction are shown to have been fruitless. Canada 
 enters on the future with confidence and tranquillity, and asks 
 nothing from her great competitor except that consideration, 
 justice, and sympathy which are due to a people v^'hose work 
 on this continent has only just begun.